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Hosomi K, Hatanaka N, Hinenoya A, Adachi J, Tojima Y, Furuta M, Uchiyama K, Morita M, Nagatake T, Saika A, Kawai S, Yoshii K, Kondo S, Yamasaki S, Kunisawa J. QcrC is a potential target for antibody therapy and vaccination to control Campylobacter jejuni infection by suppressing its energy metabolism. Front Microbiol 2024; 15:1415893. [PMID: 39015740 PMCID: PMC11250076 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2024.1415893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2024] [Accepted: 06/17/2024] [Indexed: 07/18/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Campylobacter spp. are a public health concern, yet there is still no effective vaccine or medicine available. Methods Here, we developed a Campylobacter jejuni-specific antibody and found that it targeted a menaquinol cytochrome c reductase complex QcrC. Results The antibody was specifically reactive to multiple C. jejuni strains including clinical isolates from patients with acute enteritis and was found to inhibit the energy metabolism and growth of C. jejuni. Different culture conditions produced different expression levels of QcrC in C. jejuni, and these levels were closely related not only to the energy metabolism of C. jejuni but also its pathogenicity. Furthermore, immunization of mice with recombinant QcrC induced protective immunity against C. jejuni infection. Discussion Taken together, our present findings highlight a possible antibody- or vaccination-based strategy to prevent or control Campylobacter infection by targeting the QcrC-mediated metabolic pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Koji Hosomi
- Laboratory of Vaccine Materials, Microbial Research Center for Health and Medicine, National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition (NIBIOHN), Osaka, Japan
- Laboratory of Gut Environmental System, Microbial Research Center for Health and Medicine, National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition (NIBIOHN), Osaka, Japan
| | - Noritoshi Hatanaka
- Graduate School of Veterinary Science, Osaka Metropolitan University, Osaka, Japan
- Asian Health Science Research Institute, Osaka Metropolitan University, Osaka, Japan
- Osaka International Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Osaka Metropolitan University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Atsushi Hinenoya
- Graduate School of Veterinary Science, Osaka Metropolitan University, Osaka, Japan
- Asian Health Science Research Institute, Osaka Metropolitan University, Osaka, Japan
- Osaka International Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Osaka Metropolitan University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Jun Adachi
- Laboratory of Proteomics for Drug Discovery, NIBIOHN, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yoko Tojima
- Laboratory of Vaccine Materials, Microbial Research Center for Health and Medicine, National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition (NIBIOHN), Osaka, Japan
- Laboratory of Gut Environmental System, Microbial Research Center for Health and Medicine, National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition (NIBIOHN), Osaka, Japan
| | - Mari Furuta
- Laboratory of Vaccine Materials, Microbial Research Center for Health and Medicine, National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition (NIBIOHN), Osaka, Japan
- Laboratory of Gut Environmental System, Microbial Research Center for Health and Medicine, National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition (NIBIOHN), Osaka, Japan
| | - Keita Uchiyama
- Laboratory of Vaccine Materials, Microbial Research Center for Health and Medicine, National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition (NIBIOHN), Osaka, Japan
- Laboratory of Gut Environmental System, Microbial Research Center for Health and Medicine, National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition (NIBIOHN), Osaka, Japan
| | - Makiko Morita
- Laboratory of Vaccine Materials, Microbial Research Center for Health and Medicine, National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition (NIBIOHN), Osaka, Japan
- Laboratory of Gut Environmental System, Microbial Research Center for Health and Medicine, National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition (NIBIOHN), Osaka, Japan
| | - Takahiro Nagatake
- Laboratory of Vaccine Materials, Microbial Research Center for Health and Medicine, National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition (NIBIOHN), Osaka, Japan
- Laboratory of Functional Anatomy, Department of Life Sciences, School of Agriculture, Meiji University, Kawasaki, Japan
| | - Azusa Saika
- Laboratory of Vaccine Materials, Microbial Research Center for Health and Medicine, National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition (NIBIOHN), Osaka, Japan
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Soichiro Kawai
- Laboratory of Vaccine Materials, Microbial Research Center for Health and Medicine, National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition (NIBIOHN), Osaka, Japan
- Laboratory of Gut Environmental System, Microbial Research Center for Health and Medicine, National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition (NIBIOHN), Osaka, Japan
| | - Ken Yoshii
- Laboratory of Vaccine Materials, Microbial Research Center for Health and Medicine, National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition (NIBIOHN), Osaka, Japan
- Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Saki Kondo
- Laboratory of Vaccine Materials, Microbial Research Center for Health and Medicine, National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition (NIBIOHN), Osaka, Japan
- Laboratory of Gut Environmental System, Microbial Research Center for Health and Medicine, National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition (NIBIOHN), Osaka, Japan
| | - Shinji Yamasaki
- Graduate School of Veterinary Science, Osaka Metropolitan University, Osaka, Japan
- Asian Health Science Research Institute, Osaka Metropolitan University, Osaka, Japan
- Osaka International Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Osaka Metropolitan University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Jun Kunisawa
- Laboratory of Vaccine Materials, Microbial Research Center for Health and Medicine, National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition (NIBIOHN), Osaka, Japan
- Laboratory of Gut Environmental System, Microbial Research Center for Health and Medicine, National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition (NIBIOHN), Osaka, Japan
- Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
- Graduate School of Dentistry, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
- Graduate School of Science, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
- International Vaccine Design Center, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Japan
- Research Organization for Nano and Life Innovation, Waseda University, Tokyo, Japan
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Manthey CF, Epple HJ, Keller KM, Lübbert C, Posovszky C, Ramharter M, Reuken P, Suerbaum S, Vehreschild M, Weinke T, Addo MM, Stallmach A, Lohse AW. S2k-Leitlinie Gastrointestinale Infektionen der Deutschen Gesellschaft für Gastroenterologie, Verdauungs- und Stoffwechselkrankheiten (DGVS). ZEITSCHRIFT FUR GASTROENTEROLOGIE 2024; 62:1090-1149. [PMID: 38976986 DOI: 10.1055/a-2240-1428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/10/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- Carolin F Manthey
- I. Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik - Schwerpunkt Gastroenterologie; Sektionen Infektions- und Tropenmedizin, Universitätsklinikum Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Deutschland
- Gemeinschaftspraxis Innere Medizin Witten, Witten, Deutschland
| | - Hans-Jörg Epple
- Antibiotic Stewardship, Vorstand Krankenversorgung, Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Deutschland
| | - Klaus-Michael Keller
- Klinik für Kinder- und Jugendmedizin, Helios Dr. Horst Schmidt Kliniken, Klinik für Kinder- und Jugendmedizin, Wiesbaden, Deutschland
| | - Christoph Lübbert
- Bereich Infektiologie und Tropenmedizin, Medizinische Klinik I (Hämatologie, Zelltherapie, Infektiologie und Hämostaseologie), Universitätsklinikum Leipzig, Leipzig, Deutschland
| | | | - Michael Ramharter
- I. Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik - Schwerpunkt Gastroenterologie; Sektionen Infektions- und Tropenmedizin, Universitätsklinikum Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Deutschland
| | - Philipp Reuken
- Klinik für Innere Medizin IV (Gastroenterologie, Hepatologie, Infektiologie, Zentrale Endoskopie), Universitätsklinikum Jena, Jena, Deutschland
| | - Sebastian Suerbaum
- Universität München, Max von Pettenkofer-Institut für Hygiene und Medizinische Mikrobiologie, München, Deutschland
| | - Maria Vehreschild
- Medizinische Klinik II, Universitätsklinikum Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Deutschland
| | - Thomas Weinke
- Klinik für Gastroenterologie und Infektiologie, Klinikum Ernst von Bergmann, Potsdam, Deutschland
| | - Marylyn M Addo
- I. Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik - Schwerpunkt Gastroenterologie; Sektionen Infektions- und Tropenmedizin, Universitätsklinikum Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Deutschland
- Institut für Infektionsforschung und Impfstoffentwicklung Sektion Infektiologie, I. Med. Klinik, Zentrum für Innere Medizin, Universitätsklinikum Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Deutschland
| | - Andreas Stallmach
- Klinik für Innere Medizin IV (Gastroenterologie, Hepatologie, Infektiologie, Zentrale Endoskopie), Universitätsklinikum Jena, Jena, Deutschland
| | - Ansgar W Lohse
- I. Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik - Schwerpunkt Gastroenterologie; Sektionen Infektions- und Tropenmedizin, Universitätsklinikum Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Deutschland
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3
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Willer T, Han Z, Pielsticker C, Rautenschlein S. In vitro investigations on interference of selected probiotic candidates with Campylobacter jejuni adhesion and invasion of primary chicken derived cecal and Caco-2 cells. Gut Pathog 2024; 16:30. [PMID: 38907359 PMCID: PMC11191211 DOI: 10.1186/s13099-024-00623-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2024] [Accepted: 06/09/2024] [Indexed: 06/23/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Campylobacter (C.) jejuni is one of the most important bacterial foodborne pathogens worldwide. Probiotics such as Lactobacillus or Bacillus species are considered one option for reducing the colonization rate and magnitude in poultry, the most frequent source of human infections. Due to the lack of suitable avian in vitro models such as chicken intestinal cell lines, especially those derived from the cecum, most in vitro studies on C. jejuni host interaction have been conducted with human intestinal cell lines. In this study, we compared C. jejuni-cell interactions between primary chicken cecal cells and the human intestinal cell line Caco-2, which is derived from colorectal adenocarcinoma, and investigated possible interfering effects of selected probiotic candidates. RESULTS We detected differences in adhesion and invasion between the two tested gut cell types and between different C. jejuni strains. The probiotic inhibition of C. jejuni adhesion and invasion of human and avian gut cells was affected by host cell type, investigated C. jejuni strain and time points of probiotic treatment. Additionally, our results suggest a possible correlation between C. jejuni invasion and the detected increase in IL-6 mRNA expression. CONCLUSIONS Our results indicate distinct differences between avian and human gut cells in their interaction with C. jejuni. Therefore, data obtained in one host species on C. jejuni-host interaction may not easily be transferrable to another one. The factors influencing the variable efficacy of probiotic intervention in chicken and human derived cells should be investigated further.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Willer
- Clinic for Poultry, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Foundation, Buenteweg 17, 30559, Hanover, Germany
| | - Zifeng Han
- Clinic for Poultry, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Foundation, Buenteweg 17, 30559, Hanover, Germany
| | - Colin Pielsticker
- Clinic for Poultry, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Foundation, Buenteweg 17, 30559, Hanover, Germany
| | - Silke Rautenschlein
- Clinic for Poultry, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Foundation, Buenteweg 17, 30559, Hanover, Germany.
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Steinbach A, Kun J, Urbán P, Palkovics T, Polgár B, Schneider G. Molecular Responses of the Eukaryotic Cell Line INT407 on the Internalized Campylobacter jejuni-The Other Side of the Coin. Pathogens 2024; 13:386. [PMID: 38787238 PMCID: PMC11124400 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens13050386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2024] [Revised: 04/21/2024] [Accepted: 04/29/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Campylobacter jejuni is a zoonotic bacterium with the capacity to invade the epithelial cells during the pathogenic process. Several bacterial factors have been identified to contribute to this process, but our knowledge is still very limited about the response of the host. To reveal the major routes of this response, a whole-transcriptome analysis (WTA) was performed where gene expressions were compared between the 1st and the 3rd hours of internalization in INT407 epithelial cells. From the 41,769 human genes tested, altogether, 19,060 genes were shown through WTA to be influenced to different extents. The genes and regulation factors of transcription (296/1052; 28%), signal transduction (215/1052; 21%), apoptosis (153/1052; 15%), immune responses (97/1052; 9%), transmembrane transport (64/1052; 6%), cell-cell signaling (32/1052; 3%), cell-cell adhesions (29/1052; 3%), and carbohydrate metabolism (28/1052; 3%) were the most affected biological functions. A striking feature of the gene expression of this stage of the internalization process is the activation of both immune functions and apoptosis, which convincingly outlines that the invaded cell faces a choice between death and survival. The seemingly balanced status quo between the invader and the host is the result of a complex process that also affects genes known to be associated with postinfectious pathological conditions. The upregulation of TLR3 (3.79×) and CD36 (2.73×), two general tumor markers, and SERPINEB9 (11.37×), FNDC1 (7.58×), and TACR2 (8.84×), three factors of tumorigenesis, confirms the wider pathological significance of this bacterium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anita Steinbach
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, Medical School, University of Pécs, 7624 Pécs, Hungary; (A.S.); (T.P.); (B.P.)
| | - József Kun
- Hungarian Centre for Genomics and Bioinformatics, Szentágothai Research Centre, University of Pécs, 7624 Pécs, Hungary; (J.K.); (P.U.)
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Medical School, University of Pécs, 7624 Pécs, Hungary
| | - Péter Urbán
- Hungarian Centre for Genomics and Bioinformatics, Szentágothai Research Centre, University of Pécs, 7624 Pécs, Hungary; (J.K.); (P.U.)
| | - Tamás Palkovics
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, Medical School, University of Pécs, 7624 Pécs, Hungary; (A.S.); (T.P.); (B.P.)
| | - Beáta Polgár
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, Medical School, University of Pécs, 7624 Pécs, Hungary; (A.S.); (T.P.); (B.P.)
| | - György Schneider
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, Medical School, University of Pécs, 7624 Pécs, Hungary; (A.S.); (T.P.); (B.P.)
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5
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Tikhomirova A, McNabb ER, Petterlin L, Bellamy GL, Lin KH, Santoso CA, Daye ES, Alhaddad FM, Lee KP, Roujeinikova A. Campylobacter jejuni virulence factors: update on emerging issues and trends. J Biomed Sci 2024; 31:45. [PMID: 38693534 PMCID: PMC11064354 DOI: 10.1186/s12929-024-01033-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2024] [Accepted: 04/22/2024] [Indexed: 05/03/2024] Open
Abstract
Campylobacter jejuni is a very common cause of gastroenteritis, and is frequently transmitted to humans through contaminated food products or water. Importantly, C. jejuni infections have a range of short- and long-term sequelae such as irritable bowel syndrome and Guillain Barre syndrome. C. jejuni triggers disease by employing a range of molecular strategies which enable it to colonise the gut, invade the epithelium, persist intracellularly and avoid detection by the host immune response. The objective of this review is to explore and summarise recent advances in the understanding of the C. jejuni molecular factors involved in colonisation, invasion of cells, collective quorum sensing-mediated behaviours and persistence. Understanding the mechanisms that underpin the pathogenicity of C. jejuni will enable future development of effective preventative approaches and vaccines against this pathogen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra Tikhomirova
- Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Department of Microbiology, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, 3800, Australia
| | - Emmylee R McNabb
- Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Department of Microbiology, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, 3800, Australia
| | - Luca Petterlin
- Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Department of Microbiology, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, 3800, Australia
| | - Georgia L Bellamy
- Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Department of Microbiology, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, 3800, Australia
| | - Kyaw H Lin
- Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Department of Microbiology, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, 3800, Australia
| | - Christopher A Santoso
- Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Department of Microbiology, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, 3800, Australia
| | - Ella S Daye
- Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Department of Microbiology, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, 3800, Australia
| | - Fatimah M Alhaddad
- Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Department of Microbiology, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, 3800, Australia
| | - Kah Peng Lee
- Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Department of Microbiology, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, 3800, Australia
| | - Anna Roujeinikova
- Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Department of Microbiology, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, 3800, Australia.
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, 3800, Australia.
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6
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V S, Pattanaik A, Marate S, Mani RS, Pai AR, Mukhopadhyay C. Guillain-barré syndrome (GBS) with antecedent chikungunya infection: a case report and literature review. Neurol Res Pract 2024; 6:21. [PMID: 38600592 PMCID: PMC11008014 DOI: 10.1186/s42466-024-00315-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2023] [Accepted: 03/04/2024] [Indexed: 04/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Guillain-Barré Syndrome (GBS) is an autoimmune neuropathy. Antecedent infections have been seen to be significant triggering factors for developing GBS. Among them, arboviral infections are rapidly gaining importance as significant triggers, especially in the areas where they are endemic. Chikungunya, an arboviral infection that usually causes a self-limiting acute febrile illness can lead to GBS as one its severe complications. Herein, we describe a case of a 21-year-old female who presented with weakness in all four limbs and paresthesia. Nerve conduction study and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) analysis showed axonal, demyelinating motor and sensory neuropathy with albuminocytological dissociation indicating Acute Motor and Sensory Axonal Neuropathy (AMSAN) variant of GBS. Serum IgM antibodies against ganglioside GM1 were detected. Anti-Chikungunya IgM antibodies were found in both serum and CSF samples. The patient was initiated with Intravenous Immunoglobulin (IVIG) therapy. In view of hypoxia, she was intubated and was on mechanical ventilation. After 2 weeks of being comatose, the patient gradually improved and was discharged with no sequelae.A literature review on antecedent infections in GBS is presented alongside the case report to better understand the association of GBS with antecedent infections, especially the endemic arboviral infections like Chikungunya, Dengue and Zika. This will help in reinforcing the significance of having robust surveillance and public health control measures for infectious diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sreelakshmi V
- Manipal Institute of Virology, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, 576104, Karnataka, India
| | - Amrita Pattanaik
- Manipal Institute of Virology, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, 576104, Karnataka, India.
| | - Srilatha Marate
- Manipal Institute of Virology, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, 576104, Karnataka, India
| | - Reeta S Mani
- Department of Neurovirology, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences (NIMHANS), Karnataka, Bengaluru, India
| | - Aparna R Pai
- Department of Neurology, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, 576104, Karnataka, India.
| | - Chiranjay Mukhopadhyay
- Manipal Institute of Virology, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, 576104, Karnataka, India
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7
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Khan SA, Das PR, Nahar Z, Dewan SMR. An updated review on Guillain-Barré syndrome: Challenges in infection prevention and control in low- and middle-income countries. SAGE Open Med 2024; 12:20503121241239538. [PMID: 38533198 PMCID: PMC10964449 DOI: 10.1177/20503121241239538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2023] [Accepted: 02/28/2024] [Indexed: 03/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Guillain-Barré syndrome is a rare condition that can be potentially life-threatening. Guillain-Barré syndrome does not have a definitive etiological agent. It is a syndrome that can arise from multiple factors, including various infectious diseases and immunizations. The severity of Guillain-Barré syndrome is exacerbated by these variables, especially in low-income and middle-income countries where healthcare systems are already constrained and struggle to meet the demands of other diseases. The primary aim of our article is to comprehensively examine the life-threatening nature and intensity of Guillain-Barré syndrome by assessing its etiology, progression, and prevalence in low- and middle-income nations while also considering global trends. Furthermore, we proposed the implementation of standard and efficacious treatment and diagnostic resources that are readily accessible and successful in affluent nations and should also be readily accessible in impoverished nations without any unnecessary delay. Our study also emphasized the epidemiological data with molecular epidemiological analysis and the utilization of artificial technology in low- and middle-income nations. The goal was to decrease the incidence of Guillain-Barré syndrome cases and facilitate early detection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sakif Ahamed Khan
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Medicine, University of Asia Pacific, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Proma Rani Das
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Medicine, University of Asia Pacific, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Zabun Nahar
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Medicine, University of Asia Pacific, Dhaka, Bangladesh
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8
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Xiang DF, Xu M, Ghosh MK, Raushel FM. Metabolic Pathways for the Biosynthesis of Heptoses Used in the Construction of Capsular Polysaccharides in the Human Pathogen Campylobacter jejuni. Biochemistry 2023; 62:3145-3158. [PMID: 37890137 PMCID: PMC10680097 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biochem.3c00390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2023] [Revised: 10/11/2023] [Accepted: 10/11/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023]
Abstract
Campylobacter jejuni is the leading cause of food poisoning in North America. The exterior surface of this bacterium is coated with a capsular polysaccharide (CPS) that consists of a repeating sequence of 2-5 different carbohydrates that is anchored to the outer membrane. Heptoses of various configurations are among the most common monosaccharides that have been identified within the CPS. It is currently thought that all heptose variations derive from the modification of GDP-d-glycero-α-d-manno-heptose (GMH). From the associated gene clusters for CPS biosynthesis, we have identified 20 unique enzymes with different substrate profiles that are used by the various strains and serotypes of C. jejuni to make six different stereoisomers of GDP-6-deoxy-heptose, four stereoisomers of GDP-d-glycero-heptoses, and two stereoisomers of GDP-3,6-dideoxy-heptoses starting from d-sedoheptulose-7-phosphate. The modification enzymes include a C4-dehydrogenase, a C4,6-dehydratase, three C3- and/or C5-epimerases, a C3-dehydratase, eight C4-reductases, two pyranose/furanose mutases, and four enzymes for the formation of GMH from d-sedoheptulose-7-phosphate. We have mixed these enzymes in different combinations to make novel GDP-heptose modifications, including GDP-6-hydroxy-heptoses, GDP-3-deoxy-heptoses, and GDP-3,6-dideoxy-heptoses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dao Feng Xiang
- Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, United States
| | - Maggie Xu
- Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, United States
| | - Manas K. Ghosh
- Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, United States
| | - Frank M. Raushel
- Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, United States
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9
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Aksomaitiene J, Novoslavskij A, Malakauskas M. Whole-Genome Sequencing-Based Profiling of Antimicrobial Resistance Genes and Core-Genome Multilocus Sequence Typing of Campylobacter jejuni from Different Sources in Lithuania. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:16017. [PMID: 37958998 PMCID: PMC10648690 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242116017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2023] [Revised: 10/30/2023] [Accepted: 11/01/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Campylobacter jejuni is known as one of the main causative agents of gastroenteritis in humans worldwide, and the rise of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) in Campylobacter is a growing public health challenge of special concern. Whole-genome sequencing (WGS) was used to characterize genetic determinants of AMR in 53 C. jejuni isolates from dairy cattle, broiler products, wild birds, and humans in Lithuania. The WGS-based study revealed 26 C. jejuni AMR markers that conferred resistance to various antimicrobials. Genetic markers associated with resistance to beta-lactamases, tetracycline, and aminoglycosides were found in 79.3%, 28.3%, and 9.4% of C. jejuni isolates, respectively. Additionally, genetic markers associated with multidrug resistance (MDR) were found in 90.6% of C. jejuni isolates. The WGS data analysis revealed that a common mutation in the quinolone resistance-determining region (QRDR) was R285K (854G > A) at 86.8%, followed by A312T (934G > A) at 83% and T86I (257C > T) at 71.7%. The phenotypic resistance analysis performed with the agar dilution method revealed that ciprofloxacin (CIP) (90.6%), ceftriaxone (CRO) (67.9%), and tetracycline (TET) (45.3%) were the predominant AMR patterns. MDR was detected in 41.5% (22/53) of the isolates tested. Fifty-seven virulence genes were identified in all C. jejuni isolates; most of these genes were associated with motility (n = 28) and chemotaxis (n = 10). Additionally, all C. jejuni isolates harbored virulence genes related to adhesion, invasion, LOS, LPS, CPS, transportation, and CDT. In total, 16 sequence types (STs) and 11 clonal complexes (CC) were identified based on core-genome MLST (cgMLST) analysis. The data analysis revealed distinct diversity depending on phenotypic and genotypic antimicrobial resistance of C. jejuni.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jurgita Aksomaitiene
- Department of Food Safety and Quality, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Tilzes Str. 18, LT-47181 Kaunas, Lithuania; (A.N.); (M.M.)
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10
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Roa-Bautista A, Brown LAK, Tadros S, Burns SO, Godbole G, Lowe DM. Clinical Features, Immunological Characteristics, and Treatment Outcomes of Campylobacter spp. Infections in Patients With Common Variable Immunodeficiency. THE JOURNAL OF ALLERGY AND CLINICAL IMMUNOLOGY. IN PRACTICE 2023; 11:3493-3501.e4. [PMID: 37406804 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaip.2023.06.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2023] [Revised: 06/20/2023] [Accepted: 06/22/2023] [Indexed: 07/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Campylobacter infection usually causes a self-limited clinical illness lasting 5 to 7 days, resolving without antimicrobial treatment in immunocompetent subjects. However, an inadequate immune response can lead to a prolonged and severe disease requiring antibiotics and more aggressive therapeutic approaches. OBJECTIVE To comprehensively describe Campylobacter spp. infections in patients with common variable immunodeficiency (CVID). METHODS A retrospective cohort of 14 CVID patients with Campylobacter infection and 95 CVID controls attending the immunology clinic at a large tertiary hospital was assessed. Immunological, clinical, and microbiological parameters were measured with median follow-up over 20 years in both cohorts. Patients were treated according to a novel algorithm for Campylobacter in antibody-deficient patients. RESULTS Campylobacter patients had a higher proportion of CD21lowCD38low and transitional B cells (median 38.0% vs 14.2% and 5.4% vs 3.2%) and lower long-term average CD19+ B cells (median 0.06 vs 0.18 × 109/L) and CD4+ T cells (0.41 vs 0.62 × 109/L) in comparison with the controls. Similarly, Campylobacter patients showed a decline in B cells (median 0.02 vs 0.14 × 109/L), CD4+ T cells (0.33 vs 0.59 × 109/L), CD8+ T cells (0.26 vs 0.62 × 109/L), and natural killer cells (0.08 vs 0.18 × 109/L) over time. Antimicrobial resistance, especially to macrolides and fluoroquinolones, was common. Bacterial clearance with associated clinical improvement was obtained after a median of 20 and 113 days for acute Campylobacter (resolution within 3 mo of onset) and chronic Campylobacter (>3 mo) infections, respectively. Seven received first-line treatment (azithromycin or chloramphenicol), 4 second-line (neomycin), and 3 third-line (combination of tigecycline, chloramphenicol, and ertapenem; 1 received gentamicin owing to resistance to carbapenems). CONCLUSIONS Our study highlights immunological and clinical characteristics of recurrent Campylobacter infections in patients with CVID. Our treatment algorithm was successful and should be evaluated in a larger cohort.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adriel Roa-Bautista
- Department of Immunology, Marques de Valdecilla University Hospital, Santander, Spain; Department of Clinical Immunology, Royal Free London NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Li-An K Brown
- Institute of Immunity and Transplantation, University College London, London, UK
| | - Susan Tadros
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Royal Free London NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Siobhan O Burns
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Royal Free London NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK; Institute of Immunity and Transplantation, University College London, London, UK
| | - Gauri Godbole
- Department of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, University College London Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK; Gastrointestinal Bacteria Reference Unit, UK Health Security Agency, London, UK
| | - David M Lowe
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Royal Free London NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK; Institute of Immunity and Transplantation, University College London, London, UK.
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11
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Kirchner M, Miller WG, Osborne JA, Badgley B, Neidermeyer J, Kathariou S. Campylobacter Colonization and Diversity in Young Turkeys in the Context of Gastrointestinal Distress and Antimicrobial Treatment. Microorganisms 2023; 11:microorganisms11020252. [PMID: 36838217 PMCID: PMC9963665 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11020252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2022] [Revised: 01/10/2023] [Accepted: 01/11/2023] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Young turkeys are vulnerable to undifferentiated gastrointestinal distress, including "irritable and crabby syndrome" (ICS), which compromises flock performance and is typically treated with a combination of penicillin and gentamicin (P/G). However, the effects of ICS and P/G treatment on Campylobacter remain poorly understood. We investigated the impact of ICS and P/G treatment on Campylobacter levels and diversity in four flocks from three turkey farms. Cecum and jejunum samples were analyzed weekly from day of hatch to week 4-5. All four flocks became colonized with multidrug resistant (MDR) Campylobacter jejuni and C. coli by week 2-3, and two developed ICS. ICS and P/G treatment did not significantly impact total Campylobacter levels or strain genotypes but impacted species and antimicrobial resistance (AMR) profiles. One flock was raised under antibiotic-free (ABF) conditions while another flock at the same farm was raised conventionally. The ABF flock did not develop ICS while its counterpart did. However, Campylobacter strains, AMR profiles and sequence types were generally shared between these two flocks. Our findings suggest that ICS and P/G treatment impacted Campylobacter population dynamics in commercial young turkey flocks, and that ABF flocks may become readily colonized by MDR strains from non-ABF flocks at the same farm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margaret Kirchner
- Department of Food, Bioprocessing, and Nutrition Sciences, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA
| | - William G. Miller
- Produce Safety and Microbiology Research Unit, Agricultural Research Service, US Department of Agriculture, Albany, CA 94710, USA
| | - Jason A. Osborne
- Department of Statistics, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA
| | - Brian Badgley
- School of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA
| | - Jeffrey Neidermeyer
- Department of Food, Bioprocessing, and Nutrition Sciences, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA
| | - Sophia Kathariou
- Department of Food, Bioprocessing, and Nutrition Sciences, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA
- Correspondence:
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12
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dessouky YE, Elsayed SW, Abdelsalam NA, Saif NA, Álvarez-Ordóñez A, Elhadidy M. Genomic insights into zoonotic transmission and antimicrobial resistance in Campylobacter jejuni from farm to fork: a one health perspective. Gut Pathog 2022; 14:44. [PMID: 36471447 PMCID: PMC9721040 DOI: 10.1186/s13099-022-00517-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2022] [Accepted: 11/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/09/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Campylobacteriosis represents a global public health threat with various socio-economic impacts. Among different Campylobacter species, Campylobacter jejuni (C. jejuni) is considered to be the foremost Campylobacter species responsible for most of gastrointestinal-related infections. Although these species are reported to primarily inhabit birds, its high genetic and phenotypic diversity allowed their adaptation to other animal reservoirs and to the environment that may impact on human infection. MAIN BODY A stringent and consistent surveillance program based on high resolution subtyping is crucial. Recently, different epidemiological investigations have implemented high-throughput sequencing technologies and analytical pipelines for higher resolution subtyping, accurate source attribution, and detection of antimicrobial resistance determinants among these species. In this review, we aim to present a comprehensive overview on the epidemiology, clinical presentation, antibiotic resistance, and transmission dynamics of Campylobacter, with specific focus on C. jejuni. This review also summarizes recent attempts of applying whole-genome sequencing (WGS) coupled with bioinformatic algorithms to identify and provide deeper insights into evolutionary and epidemiological dynamics of C. jejuni precisely along the farm-to-fork continuum. CONCLUSION WGS is a valuable addition to traditional surveillance methods for Campylobacter. It enables accurate typing of this pathogen and allows tracking of its transmission sources. It is also advantageous for in silico characterization of antibiotic resistance and virulence determinants, and hence implementation of control measures for containment of infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yara El dessouky
- grid.440881.10000 0004 0576 5483Biomedical Sciences Program, University of Science and Technology, Zewail City of Science and Technology, Giza, Egypt ,grid.440881.10000 0004 0576 5483Center for Genomics, Helmy Institute for Medical Sciences, Zewail City of Science and Technology, Giza, Egypt
| | - Salma W. Elsayed
- grid.440881.10000 0004 0576 5483Biomedical Sciences Program, University of Science and Technology, Zewail City of Science and Technology, Giza, Egypt ,grid.440881.10000 0004 0576 5483Center for Genomics, Helmy Institute for Medical Sciences, Zewail City of Science and Technology, Giza, Egypt ,grid.7269.a0000 0004 0621 1570Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Nehal Adel Abdelsalam
- grid.440881.10000 0004 0576 5483Biomedical Sciences Program, University of Science and Technology, Zewail City of Science and Technology, Giza, Egypt ,grid.440881.10000 0004 0576 5483Center for Genomics, Helmy Institute for Medical Sciences, Zewail City of Science and Technology, Giza, Egypt ,grid.7776.10000 0004 0639 9286Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Nehal A. Saif
- grid.440881.10000 0004 0576 5483Biomedical Sciences Program, University of Science and Technology, Zewail City of Science and Technology, Giza, Egypt ,grid.440881.10000 0004 0576 5483Center for Genomics, Helmy Institute for Medical Sciences, Zewail City of Science and Technology, Giza, Egypt
| | - Avelino Álvarez-Ordóñez
- grid.4807.b0000 0001 2187 3167Department of Food Hygiene and Technology and Institute of Food Science and Technology, Universidad de León, León, Spain
| | - Mohamed Elhadidy
- grid.440881.10000 0004 0576 5483Biomedical Sciences Program, University of Science and Technology, Zewail City of Science and Technology, Giza, Egypt ,grid.440881.10000 0004 0576 5483Center for Genomics, Helmy Institute for Medical Sciences, Zewail City of Science and Technology, Giza, Egypt ,grid.10251.370000000103426662Department of Bacteriology, Mycology and Immunology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
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13
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Quino W, Caro-Castro J, Mestanza O, Hurtado V, Zamudio ML, Cruz-Gonzales G, Gavilan RG. Emergence and Molecular Epidemiology of Campylobacter jejuni ST-2993 Associated with a Large Outbreak of Guillain-Barré Syndrome in Peru. Microbiol Spectr 2022; 10:e0118722. [PMID: 35972275 PMCID: PMC9603473 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.01187-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2022] [Accepted: 07/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Campylobacter jejuni infection is considered the most frequent factor associated with Guillain-Barré syndrome (GBS). In 2019, a large outbreak of GBS was detected in Peru, being associated with C. jejuni detected in stool samples from these patients. The aim of this study was to determine the molecular epidemiology of C. jejuni strains (ST-2993) associated with a large GBS outbreak in Peru. In this study, 26 C. jejuni strains belonging to the ST-2293, obtained from 2019 to 2020, were sequenced using Illumina technology. Five low-quality sequences were removed using bioinformatics, and 21 genomes (17 clinical strains and 4 chicken strains) were considered in the phylogenetic analysis and comparative genomics. Phylogenetic reconstruction, including genomes from international databases, showed a connection between Peruvian and Chinese GBS strains, both of them having lipooligosaccharides (LOS) locus genes related to molecular mimicry with gangliosides in peripheral nerves. Also, ST-2993 was detected in Amazon strains recovered many years before the 2019 outbreak, but with no epidemiological connection with GBS. Besides, a close relationship between human and chicken C. jejuni strains indicated chicken as one of the probable reservoirs. Finally, comparative genomics revealed differences between Chinese and Peruvian strains, including the presence of a prophage inserted into the genome. In conclusion, C. jejuni ST-2993 strains recovered from the GBS outbreak are closely related to Peruvian Amazon strains. Moreover, ST-2993 has been circulated in Peru since 2003 in the Peruvian Amazonia, showing the necessity to reinforce the epidemiological surveillance of C. jejuni to improve the prevention and control of future GBS outbreaks. IMPORTANCE This article describes the molecular epidemiology of C. jejuni strains (ST-2993) associated with a large Guillain-Barré Syndrome (GBS) outbreak in Peru, sequencing several strains recovered from GBS patients and chickens from 2019 to 2020. Phylogenetic analysis showed a connection between Peruvian and Chinese GBS strains, both of them having lipooligosaccharides (LOS) locus genes related to molecular mimicry with gangliosides in peripheral nerves. Also, ST-2993 strains were detected in isolates recovered many years before the 2019 outbreak, but with no epidemiological connection with GBS. Besides, a close relationship between human and chicken strains indicated those animals as a probable reservoir. This information will help to understand the real situation of GBS in Peru and its causal agent, C. jejuni ST-2993, showing the necessity to increase epidemiological tracking of these kinds of pathogens to detect them and avoid GBS outbreaks in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Willi Quino
- Laboratorio de Referencia Nacional de Enteropatógenos, Instituto Nacional de Salud, Lima, Perú
- Escuela Universitaria de Posgrado, Universidad Nacional Federico Villarreal, Lima, Perú
| | - Junior Caro-Castro
- Laboratorio de Referencia Nacional de Enteropatógenos, Instituto Nacional de Salud, Lima, Perú
| | - Orson Mestanza
- Laboratorio de Referencia Nacional de Enteropatógenos, Instituto Nacional de Salud, Lima, Perú
| | - Verónica Hurtado
- Laboratorio de Referencia Nacional de Enteropatógenos, Instituto Nacional de Salud, Lima, Perú
| | - María Luz Zamudio
- Laboratorio de Referencia Nacional de Enteropatógenos, Instituto Nacional de Salud, Lima, Perú
| | - Gloria Cruz-Gonzales
- Escuela Universitaria de Posgrado, Universidad Nacional Federico Villarreal, Lima, Perú
| | - Ronnie G. Gavilan
- Laboratorio de Referencia Nacional de Enteropatógenos, Instituto Nacional de Salud, Lima, Perú
- Escuela Profesional de Medicina Humana, Universidad Privada San Juan Bautista, Lima, Perú
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14
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Stein RA. Campylobacter jejuni and Postinfectious Autoimmune Diseases: A Proof of Concept in Glycobiology. ACS Infect Dis 2022; 8:1981-1991. [PMID: 36137262 DOI: 10.1021/acsinfecdis.2c00397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Glycans, one of the most diverse groups of macromolecules, are ubiquitous constituents of all cells and have many critical functions, including the interaction between microbes and their hosts. One of the best model organisms to study the host-pathogen interaction, the gastrointestinal pathogen Campylobacter jejuni dedicates extensive resources to glycosylation and exhibits a diverse array of surface sugar-coated displays. The first bacterium where N-linked glycosylation was described, C. jejuni can additionally modify proteins by O-linked glycosylation, has extracellular capsular polysaccharides that are important for virulence and represent the major determinant of the Penner serotyping scheme, and has outer membrane lipooligosaccharides that participate in processes such as colonization, survival, inflammation, and immune evasion. In addition to causing gastrointestinal disease and extraintestinal infections, C. jejuni was also linked to postinfectious autoimmune neuropathies, of which Guillain-Barré syndrome (GBS) and Miller Fisher syndrome (MFS) are the most extensively characterized ones. These postinfectious autoimmune neuropathies occur when specific bacterial surface lipooligosaccharides mimic gangliosides in the host nervous system. C. jejuni provided the first proof of concept for the involvement of molecular mimicry in the pathogenesis of an autoimmune disease and, also, for the ability of a bacterial polymorphism to shape the clinical presentation of the postinfectious autoimmune neuropathy. The scientific journey that culminated with elucidating the mechanistic details of the C. jejuni-GBS link was the result of contributions from several fields, including microbiology, structural biology, glycobiology, genetics, and immunology and provides an inspiring and important example to interrogate other instances of molecular mimicry and their involvement in autoimmune disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard A Stein
- Industry Associate Professor NYU Tandon School of Engineering, Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, 6 MetroTech Center, Brooklyn, New York 11201, United States
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15
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Mosna K, Vadkerti P, Papp L, Palkovic M, Janega P, Babal P. Guillain-Barré Syndrome with Lethal Outcome Following COVID-19 Vaccination - Case Report Supported by Autopsy Examination. Open Neurol J 2022. [DOI: 10.2174/1874205x-v16-e2207270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective:
After the outbreak of the global pandemic caused by SARS-CoV-2 infection at the end of the year 2019, it took one year to start vaccination against this infection with products from various manufacturers. As of November 2021, more than 8 billion vaccine doses against COVID-19 have been administered, which is essentially linked to a spike in adverse events reports following these vaccinations, including a number of neurological adverse events.
Case Report:
We report a case of a 71-year-old patient with lethal fulminant onset of Guillain-Barré syndrome after the second dose of mRNA vaccine tozinameran. This is, to our best knowledge, the first case report of this adverse event supported by autopsy and histological examination. The patient presented with progressive ascending weakness and paresthesia, with typical cytoalbuminologic dissociation in cerebrospinal fluid and severe motoric and sensitive axonal-demyelinating polyneuropathy on electromyography. The patient’s history and complex diagnostic workup did not reveal any other possible causative factors. The patient did not respond to the treatment with intravenous immunoglobulins and died 10 days later due to aspiration bronchopneumonia as a complication of respiratory muscles paralysis.
Conclusion:
Most of the reported adverse reactions following COVID-19 vaccination include mild or moderate events noticed in the post-vaccination period; however, reports of possible lethal outcomes are no exception. Still, the overall incidence of GBS after vaccination does not significantly exceed its incidence in the general population. Each such report should be carefully examined by a team of specialists to prevent overestimation of lethal adverse events linked to vaccinations, especially in fatalities that happen in the post-vaccination period.
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16
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Choy RKM, Bourgeois AL, Ockenhouse CF, Walker RI, Sheets RL, Flores J. Controlled Human Infection Models To Accelerate Vaccine Development. Clin Microbiol Rev 2022; 35:e0000821. [PMID: 35862754 PMCID: PMC9491212 DOI: 10.1128/cmr.00008-21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The timelines for developing vaccines against infectious diseases are lengthy, and often vaccines that reach the stage of large phase 3 field trials fail to provide the desired level of protective efficacy. The application of controlled human challenge models of infection and disease at the appropriate stages of development could accelerate development of candidate vaccines and, in fact, has done so successfully in some limited cases. Human challenge models could potentially be used to gather critical information on pathogenesis, inform strain selection for vaccines, explore cross-protective immunity, identify immune correlates of protection and mechanisms of protection induced by infection or evoked by candidate vaccines, guide decisions on appropriate trial endpoints, and evaluate vaccine efficacy. We prepared this report to motivate fellow scientists to exploit the potential capacity of controlled human challenge experiments to advance vaccine development. In this review, we considered available challenge models for 17 infectious diseases in the context of the public health importance of each disease, the diversity and pathogenesis of the causative organisms, the vaccine candidates under development, and each model's capacity to evaluate them and identify correlates of protective immunity. Our broad assessment indicated that human challenge models have not yet reached their full potential to support the development of vaccines against infectious diseases. On the basis of our review, however, we believe that describing an ideal challenge model is possible, as is further developing existing and future challenge models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert K. M. Choy
- PATH, Center for Vaccine Innovation and Access, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - A. Louis Bourgeois
- PATH, Center for Vaccine Innovation and Access, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | | | - Richard I. Walker
- PATH, Center for Vaccine Innovation and Access, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | | | - Jorge Flores
- PATH, Center for Vaccine Innovation and Access, Seattle, Washington, USA
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17
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Poda A, Klevor R, Salym A, Sarih I, Salhi S, Nissrine L, Kissani N. Etiological profile of peripheral neuropathies in an academic hospital in southern Morocco. THE EGYPTIAN JOURNAL OF NEUROLOGY, PSYCHIATRY AND NEUROSURGERY 2022; 58:97. [PMID: 36033924 PMCID: PMC9391624 DOI: 10.1186/s41983-022-00531-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2022] [Accepted: 07/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Peripheral neuropathies constitute a common complaint in general and neurology practice, and are a source of handicap to patients. Epidemiological data in the Middle East and North Africa region as well as in the African continent are sparse. Nevertheless, regional etiological profiles are crucial in navigating the diagnostic maze of neuropathies. This study outlines the etiological profile of peripheral neuropathies in an academic hospital in southern Morocco. Results A total of 180 cases were recorded in a span of 8 years (22.5 cases per year). The mean age of patients was 42.35 years. Male gender was predominant (68.88%), with a sex ratio of 2.2. Motor symptoms were the most frequently reported (86.6%). The axonal form (40.56%) was the most frequently encountered electrophysiologic form. The most frequent etiologies in the study were diabetes (26.7%), acute polyradiculoneuropathy (26.1%) and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (16.1%). Alcohol neuropathy was found in 2.2% of the cohort. No cause was found in 5% of cases. Outcome was mostly favorable under treatment, although 10 deaths due to acute polyradiculoneuropathy were recorded (mortality = 21.3%). Conclusions Knowledge of the etiological profile of peripheral neuropathies should guide clinicians to an early diagnosis and aid in an adapted management of patients. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s41983-022-00531-4.
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18
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Rath A, Rautenschlein S, Rzeznitzeck J, Lalk M, Methling K, Rychlik I, Peh E, Kittler S, Waldmann KH, von Altrock A. Investigation on the colonisation of Campylobacter strains in the pig intestine depending on available metabolites. Comp Immunol Microbiol Infect Dis 2022; 88:101865. [PMID: 35914481 DOI: 10.1016/j.cimid.2022.101865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2022] [Revised: 07/21/2022] [Accepted: 07/25/2022] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
Abstract
Campylobacter (C.) spp. represent one of the most important causes for food-borne bacterial pathogen in humans worldwide. The aim of this study was to investigate metabolic requirements of two Campylobacter strains of different species based on substrate utilisation (in vitro). Based on these results, a correlation between the colonisation and the available substrates in different intestinal sections was recorded using an animal model. Campylobacter coli (ST-5777) and C. jejuni (ST-122) were used to inoculate 16 pigs, respectively, and one group of 16 pigs was used as control. The strains differed significantly in substrate utilisation - C. coli was able to metabolise various substrates (acetate, asparagine, serine, fucose, and propionate), while C. jejuni only utilised serine. Metabolomic analysis of intestinal content from different gut sections showed the presence of all previously tested metabolites, except for fucose. A significantly larger amount of glucose was found in the jejunum of those pigs infected with C. coli, while neither strain utilised it in vitro. The analysis of the intestinal contents revealed a very low proportion of Campylobacterales in the total microbiome, suggesting that the small percentage of the inoculated Campylobacter strains in the gut microflora of the animals is too low to cause differences between the control and infected groups in the composition of the metabolome. Nevertheless, knowledge of specific nutritional requirements of the pathogens combined with proof of different metabolites in the intestinal segments may provide clues about the site of colonisation in the host and improve our understanding of this zoonotic germ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra Rath
- Clinic for Swine and Small Ruminants, Forensic Medicine and Ambulatory Service, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Foundation, 30173 Hannover, Germany.
| | - Silke Rautenschlein
- Clinic for Poultry, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover Foundation, 30559 Hannover, Germany
| | - Janina Rzeznitzeck
- Clinic for Poultry, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover Foundation, 30559 Hannover, Germany
| | - Michael Lalk
- Institute for Pharmaceutical Biology, University of Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Karen Methling
- Institute for Pharmaceutical Biology, University of Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Ivan Rychlik
- Veterinary Research Institute, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Elisa Peh
- Institute for Food Quality and Food Safety, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Foundation, Hannover, Germany
| | - Sophie Kittler
- Institute for Food Quality and Food Safety, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Foundation, Hannover, Germany
| | - Karl-Heinz Waldmann
- Clinic for Swine and Small Ruminants, Forensic Medicine and Ambulatory Service, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Foundation, 30173 Hannover, Germany
| | - Alexandra von Altrock
- Clinic for Swine and Small Ruminants, Forensic Medicine and Ambulatory Service, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Foundation, 30173 Hannover, Germany
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19
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Meidaninikjeh S, Sabouni N, Taheri M, Borjkhani M, Bengar S, Majidi Zolbanin N, Khalili A, Jafari R. SARS-CoV-2 and Guillain-Barré Syndrome: Lessons from Viral Infections. Viral Immunol 2022; 35:404-417. [PMID: 35766944 DOI: 10.1089/vim.2021.0187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) is responsible for the COVID-19 pandemic. COVID-19 has a broad clinical spectrum from asymptomatic patients to multiorgan dysfunction and septic shock. Most of the common symptoms of COVID-19 are classified as respiratory disorders, but some reports show neurological involvements. During the COVID-19 pandemic, a case series of neurological complications, such as Guillain-Barré syndrome (GBS), were reported. GBS is a neuroimmune disorder with acute inflammatory radicular polyneuropathy in different parts of the peripheral nerve. Some studies have reported GBS as an inflammatory neuropathy related to various viral infections, such as cytomegalovirus (CMV), Epstein-Barr Virus (EBV), herpes simplex virus (HSV), human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), influenza, and Zika virus. There are some immunomodulation approaches for the management of GBS. Studies have evaluated the effects of the various therapeutic approaches, including intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG), plasma exchange (PE), complement inhibitors, and corticosteroids to regulate overactivation of immune responses during GBS in experimental and clinical studies. In this regard, the possible association between GBS and SARS-CoV-2 infection during the outbreak of the current pandemic and also the mentioned therapeutic approaches were reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sepideh Meidaninikjeh
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Alzahra University, Tehran, Iran.,Cancer Biomedical Center (CBC) Research Institute, Tehran, Iran
| | - Nasim Sabouni
- Department of Immunology, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Mahdie Taheri
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, Iran
| | - Mahdis Borjkhani
- Bioprocess Engineering Department, National Institute of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (NIGEB), Tehran, Iran
| | - Sajad Bengar
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Shahre Ghods Branch, Islamic Azad University, Shahre Ghods, Tehran, Iran
| | - Naime Majidi Zolbanin
- Experimental and Applied Pharmaceutical Research Center, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran.,Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran
| | - Ahmad Khalili
- Cancer Biomedical Center (CBC) Research Institute, Tehran, Iran
| | - Reza Jafari
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Cellular and Molecular Medicine Institute, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran
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20
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Virulence Profiling, Multidrug Resistance and Molecular Mechanisms of Campylobacter Strains from Chicken Carcasses in Tunisia. Antibiotics (Basel) 2022; 11:antibiotics11070830. [PMID: 35884085 PMCID: PMC9312241 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics11070830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2022] [Revised: 06/14/2022] [Accepted: 06/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Antibiotic resistance in foodborne pathogens is an emergent global health concern. The objectives of this study were to assess antimicrobial resistance (AMR) in Campylobacter isolates from chicken carcasses and to investigate the AMR molecular mechanisms as well as the presence of virulence determinants. The study was performed on 257 samples collected from abattoirs and retail shops in northeastern Tunisia. Forty-eight Campylobacter isolates were recovered and identified as C. jejuni (n = 33) and C. coli (n = 15). Antibiotic resistance was tested against eight antibiotics and high resistance rates were observed against tetracycline (100%), erythromycin (97.9%), ciprofloxacin (73%), nalidixic acid (85.4%), ampicillin (83.3%), amoxicillin/clavulanic acid (22.9%), chloramphenicol (75%), and gentamicin (27.1%). All isolates were multidrug-resistant, and 22 resistance patterns were found. All isolates were screened for AMR genes (tet(O), tet(A), tet(B), tet(L), cmeB, ermB, blaOXA-61, and aphA-3), and for point mutations in gyrA (C257T substitution) and 23SrRNA (A2075G/A2074C) genes. All screened AMR genes, as well as the C257T and the A2075G mutations, were detected. The virulence genotypes were also determined, and all isolates carried the motility (flaA) and invasion (cadF) genes. Most of them also harbored the cdtA, cdtB, and cdtC genes, encoding the Campylobacter toxin. The screening of the cgtB and the wlaN genes, involved in Guillain-Barré Syndrome expression, revealed the presence of the cgtB in 21.2% of C. jejuni strains, whereas none of them carried the wlaN gene. Our findings highlight the emergence of Campylobacter strains simultaneously harboring several virulence and AMR determinants, which emphasizes the risk of transmission of MDR strains to humans via the food chain. Hence, controlling the dissemination of foodborne pathogens “from the farm to the fork” as well as restricting the use of antimicrobials in husbandry are mandatory to prevent the risk for consumers and to mitigate the dissemination of MDR pathogens.
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Gloanec N, Dory D, Quesne S, Béven V, Poezevara T, Keita A, Chemaly M, Guyard-Nicodème M. Impact of DNA Prime/Protein Boost Vaccination against Campylobacter jejuni on Immune Responses and Gut Microbiota in Chickens. Vaccines (Basel) 2022; 10:vaccines10060981. [PMID: 35746589 PMCID: PMC9231206 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines10060981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2022] [Revised: 06/13/2022] [Accepted: 06/14/2022] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Campylobacteriosis is reported to be the leading zoonosis in Europe, and poultry is the main reservoir of Campylobacter. Despite all the efforts made, there is still no efficient vaccine to fight this bacterium directly in poultry. Recent studies have reported interactions between the chicken immune system and gut microbiota in response to Campylobacter colonisation. The present study was designed to analyse in more depth the immune responses and caecal microbiota following vaccination with a DNA prime/protein boost flagellin-based vaccine that induces some protection in specific-pathogen-free White Leghorn chickens, as shown previously. These data may help to improve future vaccination protocols against Campylobacter in poultry. Here a vaccinated and a placebo group were challenged by C. jejuni at the age of 19 days. A partial reduction in Campylobacter loads was observed in the vaccinated group. This was accompanied by the production of specific systemic and mucosal antibodies. Transient relatively higher levels of Interleukin-10 and antimicrobial peptide avian β-defensin 10 gene expressions were observed in the vaccinated and placebo groups respectively. The analysis of caecal microbiota revealed the vaccination's impact on its structure and composition. Specifically, levels of operational taxonomic units classified as Ruminococcaceae and Bacillaceae increased on day 40.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noémie Gloanec
- GVB–Viral Genetics and Biosafety Unit, French Agency for Food, Environmental and Occupational Health and Safety (ANSES), 22440 Ploufragan, France; (N.G.); (V.B.)
- HQPAP–Unit of Hygiene and Quality of Poultry and Pork Products, French Agency for Food, Environmental and Occupational Health and Safety (ANSES), 22440 Ploufragan, France; (S.Q.); (T.P.); (M.C.); (M.G.-N.)
- UFR of Life Sciences Environment, University of Rennes 1, 35700 Rennes, France
| | - Daniel Dory
- GVB–Viral Genetics and Biosafety Unit, French Agency for Food, Environmental and Occupational Health and Safety (ANSES), 22440 Ploufragan, France; (N.G.); (V.B.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +33-(0)2-96-31-64-42
| | - Ségolène Quesne
- HQPAP–Unit of Hygiene and Quality of Poultry and Pork Products, French Agency for Food, Environmental and Occupational Health and Safety (ANSES), 22440 Ploufragan, France; (S.Q.); (T.P.); (M.C.); (M.G.-N.)
| | - Véronique Béven
- GVB–Viral Genetics and Biosafety Unit, French Agency for Food, Environmental and Occupational Health and Safety (ANSES), 22440 Ploufragan, France; (N.G.); (V.B.)
| | - Typhaine Poezevara
- HQPAP–Unit of Hygiene and Quality of Poultry and Pork Products, French Agency for Food, Environmental and Occupational Health and Safety (ANSES), 22440 Ploufragan, France; (S.Q.); (T.P.); (M.C.); (M.G.-N.)
| | - Alassane Keita
- SELEAC–Avian Breeding and Experimental Department, French Agency for Food, Environmental and Occupational Health and Safety (ANSES), 22440 Ploufragan, France;
| | - Marianne Chemaly
- HQPAP–Unit of Hygiene and Quality of Poultry and Pork Products, French Agency for Food, Environmental and Occupational Health and Safety (ANSES), 22440 Ploufragan, France; (S.Q.); (T.P.); (M.C.); (M.G.-N.)
| | - Muriel Guyard-Nicodème
- HQPAP–Unit of Hygiene and Quality of Poultry and Pork Products, French Agency for Food, Environmental and Occupational Health and Safety (ANSES), 22440 Ploufragan, France; (S.Q.); (T.P.); (M.C.); (M.G.-N.)
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22
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Xiang DF, Thoden JB, Ghosh MK, Holden HM, Raushel FM. Reaction Mechanism and Three-Dimensional Structure of GDP-d-glycero-α-d-manno-heptose 4,6-Dehydratase from Campylobacter jejuni. Biochemistry 2022; 61:1313-1322. [PMID: 35715226 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biochem.2c00244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Campylobacter jejuni is a human pathogen and a leading cause of food poisoning in the United States and Europe. Surrounding the outside of the bacterium is a carbohydrate coat known as the capsular polysaccharide. Various strains of C. jejuni have different sequences of unusual sugars and an assortment of decorations. Many of the serotypes have heptoses with differing stereochemical arrangements at C2 through C6. One of the many common modifications is a 6-deoxy-heptose that is formed by dehydration of GDP-d-glycero-α-d-manno-heptose to GDP-6-deoxy-4-keto-d-lyxo-heptose via the action of the enzyme GDP-d-glycero-α-d-manno-heptose 4,6-dehydratase. Herein, we report the biochemical and structural characterization of this enzyme from C. jejuni 81-176 (serotype HS:23/36). The enzyme was purified to homogeneity, and its three-dimensional structure was determined to a resolution of 2.1 Å. Kinetic analyses suggest that the reaction mechanism proceeds through the formation of a 4-keto intermediate followed by the loss of water from C5/C6. Based on the three-dimensional structure, it is proposed that oxidation of C4 is assisted by proton transfer from the hydroxyl group to the phenolate of Tyr-159 and hydride transfer to the tightly bound NAD+ in the active site. Elimination of water at C5/C6 is most likely assisted by abstraction of the proton at C5 by Glu-136 and subsequent proton transfer to the hydroxyl at C6 via Ser-134 and Tyr-159. A bioinformatic analysis identified 19 additional 4,6-dehydratases from serotyped strains of C. jejuni that are 89-98% identical in the amino acid sequence, indicating that each of these strains should contain a 6-deoxy-heptose within their capsular polysaccharides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dao Feng Xiang
- Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, United States
| | - James B Thoden
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
| | - Manas K Ghosh
- Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, United States
| | - Hazel M Holden
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
| | - Frank M Raushel
- Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, United States.,Department of Biochemistry & Biophysics, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, United States
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23
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Hayat S, Asad A, Hasan I, Jahan I, Papri N, Howlader ZH, Islam Z. Nucleotide oligomerization domain polymorphism confers no risk to Guillain-Barré syndrome. Acta Neurol Scand 2022; 146:177-185. [PMID: 35652365 DOI: 10.1111/ane.13649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2022] [Revised: 04/26/2022] [Accepted: 05/06/2022] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Nucleotide oligomerization domain (NOD) proteins are cytoplasmic receptors that play important roles in host innate immune responses to pathogens by recognizing self or non-self-molecules and have been implicated in many autoimmune diseases including Guillain-Barré syndrome (GBS). The current study investigated whether NOD polymorphisms (NOD1-Glu266Lys, rs2075820, and NOD2- [Arg702Trp, rs2066844 and Gly908Arg, rs2066845]) contribute to ligand sensing and thus affect the susceptibility and/or severity of GBS. MATERIALS AND METHODS We determined single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of NOD gene (NOD1-Glu266Lys and NOD2-[Arg702Trp; Gly908Ar]) in 303 patients with GBS and 303 healthy controls from Bangladesh by polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) and Sanger sequencing. Genotypes and allele frequencies were compared by performing chi-squared or Fisher's exact test with Yates' continuity correction. Serology for Campylobacter jejuni and anti-GM1 antibodies were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) techniques. RESULTS NOD variants (NOD1-Glu266Lys and NOD2- [Arg702Trp; Gly908Arg]) were not associated with susceptibility and severity of GBS when compared with healthy controls and mild or severe form of disease. Moreover, NOD2 polymorphisms showed wild-type NOD2 C2104 and NOD2 G2722, respectively, with homozygous Arg/Arg genotype of NOD2 (Arg702Trp) polymorphism and homozygous Gly/Gly genotype of NOD2 (Gly908Arg) for all study subjects in Bangladesh. Homogenous distribution of NOD1 genotypes was observed in patients with axonal and demyelinating form of GBS. CONCLUSIONS NOD variants confer no risk to the susceptibility and severity of GBS. Moreover, NOD2 polymorphism is rare or absent in patients with GBS as well as in the healthy individuals of Bangladesh.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shoma Hayat
- Laboratory of Gut‐Brain Signaling Laboratory Sciences and Services Division (LSSD) Dhaka Bangladesh
| | - Asaduzzaman Asad
- Laboratory of Gut‐Brain Signaling Laboratory Sciences and Services Division (LSSD) Dhaka Bangladesh
| | - Imran Hasan
- Laboratory of Gut‐Brain Signaling Laboratory Sciences and Services Division (LSSD) Dhaka Bangladesh
| | - Israt Jahan
- Laboratory of Gut‐Brain Signaling Laboratory Sciences and Services Division (LSSD) Dhaka Bangladesh
| | - Nowshin Papri
- Laboratory of Gut‐Brain Signaling Laboratory Sciences and Services Division (LSSD) Dhaka Bangladesh
| | | | - Zhahirul Islam
- Laboratory of Gut‐Brain Signaling Laboratory Sciences and Services Division (LSSD) Dhaka Bangladesh
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24
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Morita S, Sato S, Maruyama S, Miyagawa A, Nakamura K, Nakamura M, Asakura H, Sugiyama H, Takai S, Maeda K, Kabeya H. Prevalence and whole-genome sequence analysis of Campylobacter spp. strains isolated from wild deer and boar in Japan. Comp Immunol Microbiol Infect Dis 2022; 82:101766. [PMID: 35176619 DOI: 10.1016/j.cimid.2022.101766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2021] [Revised: 02/10/2022] [Accepted: 02/10/2022] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
As a part of risk analysis for consumption of meat from wild animals, the prevalence of Campylobacter spp. in wild deer and boar in Japan was investigated. C. hyointestinalis subsp. hyointestinalis (C. hyointestinalis) was isolated from 2.8% (7/253) of the wild deer and 22.1% (71/321) of the wild boar examined. All 23 wild deer isolates and 141 (72.7%) wild boar isolates carried both chcdt-I and chcdt-II genes. The remaining 53 (27.3%) wild boar isolates had only the chcdt-II gene. By whole-genome sequence analysis, we detected 38-40 virulence- and survival-associated genes (motility, chemotactic, adhesion, invasion, toxin, glycosylation, iron uptake, drug resistance, and stress response), which had been identified in C. jejuni and C. coli. In conclusion, our study highlights C. hyointestinalis as a possible cause of food-borne disease in humans and emphasizes the importance of food hygiene in the processing of wild meats for human consumption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satoshi Morita
- Laboratory of Veterinary Food Hygiene, Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Bioresource Sciences, Nihon University, 1866 Kameino, Fujisawa, Kanagawa 252- 0880, Japan
| | - Shingo Sato
- Laboratory of Veterinary Public Health, Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Bioresource Sciences, Nihon University, 1866 Kameino, Fujisawa, Kanagawa, 252-0880, Japan
| | - Soichi Maruyama
- Laboratory of Veterinary Public Health, Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Bioresource Sciences, Nihon University, 1866 Kameino, Fujisawa, Kanagawa, 252-0880, Japan
| | - Asuka Miyagawa
- Laboratory of Veterinary Food Hygiene, Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Bioresource Sciences, Nihon University, 1866 Kameino, Fujisawa, Kanagawa 252- 0880, Japan
| | - Kiriko Nakamura
- Laboratory of Veterinary Food Hygiene, Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Bioresource Sciences, Nihon University, 1866 Kameino, Fujisawa, Kanagawa 252- 0880, Japan
| | - Mizuki Nakamura
- Laboratory of Veterinary Food Hygiene, Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Bioresource Sciences, Nihon University, 1866 Kameino, Fujisawa, Kanagawa 252- 0880, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Asakura
- Division of Biomedical Food Research, National Institute of Health Sciences, 3-25-26 Tonomachi, Kawasaki-ku, Kawasaki, Kanagawa 210-9501, Japan
| | - Hiromu Sugiyama
- Department of Parasitology, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, 1-23-1 Toyama, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-8640, Japan
| | - Shinji Takai
- Department of Animal Hygiene, Kitasato University, 23-35-1 Higashi, Towada, Aomori 034-8628, Japan
| | - Ken Maeda
- Department of Veterinary Science, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, 1-23-1 Toyama, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-8640, Japan
| | - Hidenori Kabeya
- Laboratory of Veterinary Food Hygiene, Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Bioresource Sciences, Nihon University, 1866 Kameino, Fujisawa, Kanagawa 252- 0880, Japan.
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Li H, Liu S, Han J, Li S, Gao X, Wang M, Zhu J, Jin T. Role of Toll-Like Receptors in Neuroimmune Diseases: Therapeutic Targets and Problems. Front Immunol 2021; 12:777606. [PMID: 34790205 PMCID: PMC8591135 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.777606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2021] [Accepted: 10/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are a class of proteins playing a key role in innate and adaptive immune responses. TLRs are involved in the development and progression of neuroimmune diseases via initiating inflammatory responses. Thus, targeting TLRs signaling pathway may be considered as a potential therapy for neuroimmune diseases. However, the role of TLRs is elusive and complex in neuroimmune diseases. In addition to the inadequate immune response of TLRs inhibitors in the experiments, the recent studies also demonstrated that partial activation of TLRs is conducive to the production of anti-inflammatory factors and nervous system repair. Exploring the mechanism of TLRs in neuroimmune diseases and combining with developing the emerging drug may conquer neuroimmune diseases in the future. Herein, we provide an overview of the role of TLRs in several neuroimmune diseases, including multiple sclerosis, neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder, Guillain-Barré syndrome and myasthenia gravis. Emerging difficulties and potential solutions in clinical application of TLRs inhibitors will also be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haixia Li
- Department of Neurology and Neuroscience Center, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Shan Liu
- Department of Neurology and Neuroscience Center, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Jinming Han
- Department of Neurology, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Solna, Sweden
| | - Shengxian Li
- Department of Urology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Xiaoyan Gao
- Department of Neurology and Neuroscience Center, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Meng Wang
- Department of Neurology and Neuroscience Center, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Jie Zhu
- Department of Neurology and Neuroscience Center, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China.,Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Karolinska Institute, Karolinska University Hospital, Solna, Sweden
| | - Tao Jin
- Department of Neurology and Neuroscience Center, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
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Versace G, Palombo M, Menon A, Scarlato V, Roncarati D. Feeling the Heat: The Campylobacter jejuni HrcA Transcriptional Repressor Is an Intrinsic Protein Thermosensor. Biomolecules 2021; 11:biom11101413. [PMID: 34680046 PMCID: PMC8533110 DOI: 10.3390/biom11101413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2021] [Revised: 09/14/2021] [Accepted: 09/22/2021] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
The heat-shock response, a universal protective mechanism consisting of a transcriptional reprogramming of the cellular transcriptome, results in the accumulation of proteins which counteract the deleterious effects of heat-stress on cellular polypeptides. To quickly respond to thermal stress and trigger the heat-shock response, bacteria rely on different mechanisms to detect temperature variations, which can involve nearly all classes of biological molecules. In Campylobacter jejuni the response to heat-shock is transcriptionally controlled by a regulatory circuit involving two repressors, HspR and HrcA. In the present work we show that the heat-shock repressor HrcA acts as an intrinsic protein thermometer. We report that a temperature upshift up to 42 °C negatively affects HrcA DNA-binding activity to a target promoter, a condition required for de-repression of regulated genes. Furthermore, we show that this impairment of HrcA binding at 42 °C is irreversible in vitro, as DNA-binding was still not restored by reversing the incubation temperature to 37 °C. On the other hand, we demonstrate that the DNA-binding activity of HspR, which controls, in combination with HrcA, the transcription of chaperones' genes, is unaffected by heat-stress up to 45 °C, portraying this master repressor as a rather stable protein. Additionally, we show that HrcA binding activity is enhanced by the chaperonin GroE, upon direct protein-protein interaction. In conclusion, the results presented in this work establish HrcA as a novel example of intrinsic heat-sensing transcriptional regulator, whose DNA-binding activity is positively modulated by the GroE chaperonin.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Vincenzo Scarlato
- Correspondence: (V.S.); (D.R.); Tel.: +39-051-209-4204 (V.S.); +39-051-209-9320 (D.R.)
| | - Davide Roncarati
- Correspondence: (V.S.); (D.R.); Tel.: +39-051-209-4204 (V.S.); +39-051-209-9320 (D.R.)
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27
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Rahman MA, Paul PR, Hoque N, Islam SS, Haque AKMZ, Sikder MH, Matin A, Yamasaki S, Kabir SML. Prevalence and Antimicrobial Resistance of Campylobacter Species in Diarrheal Patients in Mymensingh, Bangladesh. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 2021:9229485. [PMID: 34395627 PMCID: PMC8357465 DOI: 10.1155/2021/9229485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2021] [Accepted: 07/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Campylobacter enteritis is the leading cause of gastroenteritis in humans worldwide including Bangladesh. The objectives of this study were to estimate the prevalence and antimicrobial-resistance status of Campylobacter spp. in human diarrheal samples collected from Surya Kanta Hospital, Mymensingh, Bangladesh. In this study, we evaluated a total of 330 clinical samples for the presence Campylobacter spp. via cultural and biochemical tests and molecular assays. Furthermore, antimicrobial susceptibility testing for Campylobacter species was accomplished by the standard agar disc diffusion technique against eight commercially available antimicrobial agents. A pretested semistructured questionnaire was used to capture the data on socioanthropological factors from the diarrheal patients. Pearson's chi-square test was performed, and a p value of <0.05 was considered for the level of significance. Nearly one in three diarrheal patients admitted in this hospital were infected with Campylobacter spp. Overall prevalence of Campylobacter spp. was estimated to be 31.5% (104/330) that comprised the prevalence of C. jejuni, 21.8% (n = 72), and C. coli, 9.6% (n = 32). Among the positive cases, the prevalence of Campylobacter was higher in the age group 0-5 years (52%) followed by 6-18 years (42.7%), 19-40 years (34.0%), 41-60 years (25.4%), and >60 years (10.5%). Age, family level's personal hygiene, and involvement with animal husbandry were captured as potential determinants to be associated with the Campylobacter positive status. Among the isolates, 27.3% (n = 20) of C. jejuni and 31.2% (n = 10) of C. coli demonstrated as multidrug-resistant (MDR) to three or more antimicrobial agents. The present study shows that Campylobacter spp. is most prevalent among the hospital-admitted diarrheal patients, and proper measures should be taken to reduce the burden focusing on the potential determinants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md. Ashikur Rahman
- Department of Microbiology and Hygiene, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh 2202, Bangladesh
| | - Priyanka Rani Paul
- Department of Microbiology and Hygiene, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh 2202, Bangladesh
| | - Nazmul Hoque
- Department of Microbiology and Hygiene, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh 2202, Bangladesh
| | - Sk Shaheenur Islam
- Department of Microbiology and Hygiene, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh 2202, Bangladesh
| | - A. K. M. Ziaul Haque
- Department of Microbiology and Hygiene, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh 2202, Bangladesh
| | - Mahmudul Hasan Sikder
- Department of Pharmacology, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh 2202, Bangladesh
| | - Aminul Matin
- Health Care Center, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh 2202, Bangladesh
| | - Shinji Yamasaki
- Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Osaka Prefecture University, Osaka 598-8531, Japan
| | - S. M. Lutful Kabir
- Department of Microbiology and Hygiene, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh 2202, Bangladesh
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28
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The Host Cellular Immune Response to Infection by Campylobacter Spp. and Its Role in Disease. Infect Immun 2021; 89:e0011621. [PMID: 34031129 DOI: 10.1128/iai.00116-21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Campylobacter spp. are the leading cause of bacterium-derived gastroenteritis worldwide, impacting 96 million individuals annually. Unlike other bacterial pathogens of the gastrointestinal tract, Campylobacter spp. lack many of the classical virulence factors that are often associated with the ability to induce disease in humans, including an array of canonical secretion systems and toxins. Consequently, the clinical manifestations of human campylobacteriosis and its resulting gastrointestinal pathology are believed to be primarily due to the host immune response toward the bacterium. Further, while gastrointestinal infection is usually self-limiting, numerous postinfectious disorders can occur, including the development of Guillain-Barré syndrome, reactive arthritis, and irritable bowel syndrome. Because gastrointestinal disease likely results from the host immune response, the development of these postinfectious disorders may be due to dysregulation or misdirection of the same inflammatory response. As a result, it is becoming increasingly important to the Campylobacter field, and human health, that the cellular immune responses toward Campylobacter be better understood, including which immunological events are critical to the development of disease and the postinfectious disorders mentioned above. In this review, we collectively cover the cellular immune responses across susceptible hosts to Campylobacter jejuni infection, along with the tissue pathology and postinfectious disorders which may develop.
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29
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Talukdar PK, Turner KL, Crockett TM, Lu X, Morris CF, Konkel ME. Inhibitory Effect of Puroindoline Peptides on Campylobacter jejuni Growth and Biofilm Formation. Front Microbiol 2021; 12:702762. [PMID: 34276635 PMCID: PMC8283790 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.702762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2021] [Accepted: 06/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Puroindolines are small, amphipathic, wheat proteins that determine the hardness of the wheat kernel and protect crops from different pathogens. Puroindoline A (PinA) and puroindoline B (PinB) are two major isoforms of puroindolines. These proteins have antibacterial and antifungal properties mainly attributed to their characteristic tryptophan-rich domains (TRDs). In this in vitro study, we investigated the antimicrobial effect of PinA and PinB synthetic peptides against the growth and biofilm formation of Campylobacter jejuni. C. jejuni is an important microaerobic, foodborne pathogen that causes gastrointestinal and neurological diseases in humans. Our results showed that: (1) PinA, but not PinB, has strong antimicrobial activity against C. jejuni clinical strains 81-176 and F38011, Escherichia coli O157:H7, methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus, Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium, and Listeria monocytogenes; (2) The substitution of two tryptophan residues to glycine (W→G) in the TRD of PinA abolishes its antimicrobial activity against these microorganisms; (3) PinA functions additively with two common antibiotics (ciprofloxacin and erythromycin) to inhibit or inactivate C. jejuni strains; (4) PinA damages the C. jejuni cellular membrane, (5) PinA is cytotoxic to human INT 407 cells at high concentrations; and (6) PinA inhibits C. jejuni biofilm formation. In summary, this study demonstrates the antimicrobial activity of PinA against C. jejuni growth and biofilm formation and further confirms the potential use of PinA as a therapeutic agent in health care or as preservatives in the agri-food industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prabhat K Talukdar
- School of Molecular Biosciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, United States
| | - Kyrah L Turner
- School of Molecular Biosciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, United States
| | - Torin M Crockett
- School of Molecular Biosciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, United States
| | - Xiaonan Lu
- Department of Food Science and Agricultural Chemistry, Faculty of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, McGill University, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Craig F Morris
- Western Wheat Quality Lab, U.S. Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service, Pullman, WA, United States
| | - Michael E Konkel
- School of Molecular Biosciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, United States
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Balta I, Marcu A, Linton M, Kelly C, Gundogdu O, Stef L, Pet I, Ward P, Deshaies M, Callaway T, Sopharat P, Gradisteanu-Pircalabioru G, Corcionivoschi N. Mixtures of natural antimicrobials can reduce Campylobacter jejuni, Salmonella enterica and Clostridium perfringens infections and cellular inflammatory response in MDCK cells. Gut Pathog 2021; 13:37. [PMID: 34099034 PMCID: PMC8182910 DOI: 10.1186/s13099-021-00433-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2021] [Accepted: 06/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The classification of natural antimicrobials as potential antibiotic replacements is still hampered by the absence of clear biological mechanisms behind their mode of action. This study investigated the mechanisms underlying the anti-bacterial effect of a mixture of natural antimicrobials (maltodextrin, citric acid, sodium citrate, malic acid, citrus extract and olive extract) against Campylobacter jejuni RC039, Salmonella enterica SE 10/72 and Clostridium perfringens ATCC® 13124 invasion of Madin–Darby Canine Kidney cells (MDCK). Results Minimum sub-inhibitory concentrations were determined for Campylobacter jejuni (0.25%), Salmonella enterica (0.50%) and Clostridium perfringens (0.50%) required for the in vitro infection assays with MDCK cells. The antimicrobial mixture significantly reduced the virulence of all three pathogens towards MDCK cells and restored the integrity of cellular tight junctions through increased transepithelial resistance (TEER) and higher expression levels of ZO-1 (zonula occludens 1) and occludin. This study also identified the ERK (external regulated kinase) signalling pathway as a key mechanism in blocking the pro-inflammatory cytokine production (IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8, TNF-α) in infected cells. The reduction in hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) production and release by infected MDCK cells, in the presence of the antimicrobial mixture, was also associated with less tetrathionate formed by oxidation of thiosulphate (p < 0.0001). Conclusion The present study describes for the first time that mixtures of natural antimicrobials can prevent the formation of substrates used by bacterial pathogens to grow and survive in anaerobic environments (e.g. tetrathionate). Moreover, we provide further insights into pathogen invasion mechanisms through restoration of cellular structures and describe their ability to block the ERK–MAPK kinase pathway responsible for inflammatory cytokine release
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Affiliation(s)
- Igori Balta
- Food Microbiology, Bacteriology Branch, Veterinary Sciences Division, Agri-Food and Biosciences Institute, 18a Newforge Lane, Belfast, BT9 5PX, Northern Ireland, UK. .,Faculty of Animal Science and Biotechnologies, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, 400372, Cluj-Napoca, Romania. .,Faculty of Bioengineering of Animal Resources, Banat University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine-King Michael I of Romania, 300645, Timisoara, Romania.
| | - Adela Marcu
- Faculty of Bioengineering of Animal Resources, Banat University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine-King Michael I of Romania, 300645, Timisoara, Romania.
| | - Mark Linton
- Food Microbiology, Bacteriology Branch, Veterinary Sciences Division, Agri-Food and Biosciences Institute, 18a Newforge Lane, Belfast, BT9 5PX, Northern Ireland, UK
| | - Carmel Kelly
- Food Microbiology, Bacteriology Branch, Veterinary Sciences Division, Agri-Food and Biosciences Institute, 18a Newforge Lane, Belfast, BT9 5PX, Northern Ireland, UK
| | - Ozan Gundogdu
- Department of Infection Biology, Faculty of Infectious & Tropical Diseases, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, Keppel Street, WC1E 7HT, London, UK
| | - Lavinia Stef
- Faculty of Bioengineering of Animal Resources, Banat University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine-King Michael I of Romania, 300645, Timisoara, Romania
| | - Ioan Pet
- Faculty of Bioengineering of Animal Resources, Banat University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine-King Michael I of Romania, 300645, Timisoara, Romania
| | | | | | - Todd Callaway
- Department of Animal and Dairy Science, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
| | | | | | - Nicolae Corcionivoschi
- Food Microbiology, Bacteriology Branch, Veterinary Sciences Division, Agri-Food and Biosciences Institute, 18a Newforge Lane, Belfast, BT9 5PX, Northern Ireland, UK. .,Faculty of Animal Science and Biotechnologies, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, 400372, Cluj-Napoca, Romania. .,Faculty of Bioengineering of Animal Resources, Banat University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine-King Michael I of Romania, 300645, Timisoara, Romania.
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Strakova N, Korena K, Gelbicova T, Kulich P, Karpiskova R. A Rapid Culture Method for the Detection of Campylobacter from Water Environments. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph18116098. [PMID: 34198825 PMCID: PMC8200967 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18116098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2021] [Revised: 05/27/2021] [Accepted: 06/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The natural environment and water are among the sources of Campylobacter jejuni and Campylobacter coli. A limited number of protocols exist for the isolation of campylobacters in poorly filterable water. Therefore, the goal of our work was to find a more efficient method of Campylobacter isolation and detection from wastewater and surface water than the ISO standard. In the novel rapid culture method presented here, samples are centrifuged at high speed, and the resuspended pellet is inoculated on a filter, which is placed on Campylobacter selective mCCDA agar. The motile bacteria pass through the filter pores, and mCCDA agar suppresses the growth of background microbiota on behalf of campylobacters. This culture-based method is more efficient for the detection and isolation of Campylobacter jejuni and Campylobacter coli from poorly filterable water than the ISO 17995 standard. It also is less time-consuming, taking only 72 h and comprising three steps, while the ISO standard method requires five or six steps and 144-192 h. This novel culture method, based on high-speed centrifugation, bacterial motility, and selective cultivation conditions, can be used for the detection and isolation of various bacteria from water samples.
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Hosseini N, Nadjafi S, Ashtary B. Overview of COVID-19 and neurological complications. Rev Neurosci 2021; 32:671-691. [PMID: 33583157 DOI: 10.1515/revneuro-2020-0116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2020] [Accepted: 12/06/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
The sudden and storming onset of coronavirus 2 infection (severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 [SARS-CoV-2]) was associated by severe acute respiratory syndrome. Recently, corona virus disease 19 (COVID-19) has appeared as a pandemic throughout the world. The mutational nature of the virus, along with the different means of entering and spreading throughout the body has involved different organs. Thus, patients are faced with a wide range of symptoms and signs. Neurological symptoms, such as anosmia, agnosia, stroke, paralysis, cranial nerve deficits, encephalopathy, meningitis, delirium and seizures, are reported as common complications affecting the course of the disease and its treatment. In this review, special attention was paid to reports that addressed the acute or chronic neurological manifestations in COVID-19 patients who may present acute respiratory syndrome or not. Moreover, we discussed the central (CNS) and peripheral nervous system (PNS) complications in SARS-Cov2-infected patients, and also the pathophysiology of neurological abnormalities in COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nasrin Hosseini
- Neuroscience Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran14665-354, Iran
| | - Shabnam Nadjafi
- Neuroscience Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran14665-354, Iran
| | - Behnaz Ashtary
- Department of Medical Nanotechnology, Faculty of Advanced Technology in Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran14665-354, Iran
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Kim SH, Choi SI, Song KH, Seo KW. Two cases of acute polyradiculoneuritis in dogs consuming a raw poultry diet. J Vet Med Sci 2021; 83:465-468. [PMID: 33518606 PMCID: PMC8025411 DOI: 10.1292/jvms.20-0522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
A 9-year-old female mixed-breed dog presented with ascending flaccid tetraparesis, and a 5-year-old castrated male Poodle dog presented with ventroflexion of neck, dysphonia, and hindlimb weakness, which progressed to acute ascending tetraparesis. Both dogs were fed raw poultry for over 9 and 5 years, respectively. Blood examination and other test results were normal or unrelated to the present case. Fecal polymerase chain reaction analysis in the Poodle dog was positive for Clostridium perfringens and Campylobacter jejuni. Tetraparesis improved with supportive care in both dogs. Human IV immunoglobulin was only administered to the Poodle dog, which showed a shorter recovery (12 days compared to 34 days in the mixed-breed dog). Both dogs returned to normal conditions eventually.
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Affiliation(s)
- Se-Hoon Kim
- Department of Veterinary Internal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, 34134, Republic of Korea
| | - Seo-In Choi
- Department of Veterinary Internal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, 34134, Republic of Korea
| | - Kun-Ho Song
- Department of Veterinary Internal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, 34134, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyoung-Won Seo
- Department of Veterinary Internal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, 34134, Republic of Korea.,Laboratory of Veterinary Internal Medicine, Department of Veterinary Clinical Science, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
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Sarhangi M, Bakhshi B, Peeraeyeh SN. High prevalence of Campylobacter jejuni CC21 and CC257 clonal complexes in children with gastroenteritis in Tehran, Iran. BMC Infect Dis 2021; 21:108. [PMID: 33485317 PMCID: PMC7824915 DOI: 10.1186/s12879-021-05778-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2020] [Accepted: 01/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Campylobacter jejuni (C. jejuni) is a leading cause of acute gastroenteritis in human worldwide. The aim of study was to assess the distribution of sialylated lipooligosaccharide (LOS) classes and capsular genotypes in C. jejuni isolated from Iranian children with gastroenteritis. Furthermore, the level of dnaK gene expression in C. jejuni strains with selected capsular genotypes and LOS classes was intended. Moreover, a comprehensive study of C. jejuni MLST-genotypes and inclusive comparison with peer sequences worldwide was intended. METHODS Twenty clinical C. jejuni strains were isolated from fecal specimens of 280 children aged 0-5 years, suspected of bacterial gastroenteritis, which admitted to 3 children hospitals from May to October, 2018. Distribution of sialylated LOS classes and specific capsular genotypes were investigated in C. jejuni of clinical origin. The expression of dnaK in C. jejuni strains was measured by Real-Time-PCR. MLST-genotyping was performed to investigate the clonal relationship of clinical C. jejuni strains and comparison with inclusive sequences worldwide. RESULTS C. jejuni HS23/36c was the predominant genotype (45%), followed by HS2 (20%), and HS19 and HS4 (each 10%). A total of 80% of isolates were assigned to LOS class B and C. Higher expression level of dnaK gene was detected in strains with HS23/36c, HS2 and HS4 capsular genotypes and sialylated LOS classes B or C. MLST analysis showed that isolates were highly diverse and represented 6 different sequence types (STs) and 3 clonal complexes (CCs). CC21 and CC257 were the most dominant CCs (75%) among our C. jejuni strains. No new ST and no common ST with our neighbor countries was detected. CONCLUSIONS The C. jejuni isolates with LOS class B or C, and capsular genotypes of HS23/36, HS2, HS4 and HS19 were dominant in population under study. The CC21 and CC257 were the largest CCs among our isolates. In overall picture, CC21 and CC353 complexes were the most frequently and widely distributed clonal complexes worldwide, although members of CC353 were not detected in our isolates. This provides a universal picture of movement of dominant Campylobacter strains worldwide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahnaz Sarhangi
- Department of Bacteriology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Jalal-Ale-Ahmad Ave, Tehran, 14117-13116 Iran
| | - Bita Bakhshi
- Department of Bacteriology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Jalal-Ale-Ahmad Ave, Tehran, 14117-13116 Iran
| | - Shahin Najar Peeraeyeh
- Department of Bacteriology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Jalal-Ale-Ahmad Ave, Tehran, 14117-13116 Iran
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Haran JP, McCormick BA. Aging, Frailty, and the Microbiome-How Dysbiosis Influences Human Aging and Disease. Gastroenterology 2021; 160:507-523. [PMID: 33307030 PMCID: PMC7856216 DOI: 10.1053/j.gastro.2020.09.060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2020] [Revised: 09/08/2020] [Accepted: 09/16/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The human gut microbiome is a collection of bacteria, protozoa, fungi, and viruses that coexist in our bodies and are essential in protective, metabolic, and physiologic functions of human health. Gut dysbiosis has traditionally been linked to increased risk of infection, but imbalances within the intestinal microbial community structure that correlate with untoward inflammatory responses are increasingly recognized as being involved in disease processes that affect many organ systems in the body. Furthermore, it is becoming more apparent that the connection between gut dysbiosis and age-related diseases may lie in how the gut microbiome communicates with both the intestinal mucosa and the systemic immune system, given that these networks have a common interconnection to frailty. We therefore discuss recent advances in our understanding of the important role the microbiome plays in aging and how this knowledge opens the door for potential novel therapeutics aimed at shaping a less dysbiotic microbiome to prevent or treat age-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- John P Haran
- Department of Emergency Medicine; Department of Microbiology and Physiological Systems; Center for Microbiome Research, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts.
| | - Beth A McCormick
- Department of Microbiology and Physiological Systems; Center for Microbiome Research, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts
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de Azevedo MFC, Queiroz NSF, Damião AOMC. Guillain-Barré Syndrome in a Crohn`s Disease Patient Treated With Vedolizumab. J Crohns Colitis 2020; 14:1788-1789. [PMID: 32417923 DOI: 10.1093/ecco-jcc/jjaa101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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Ding M, Markon A, Wolpert B, Chavarro JE. Associations of body mass index and waist circumference with risk of Guillain-Barré syndrome in women and men: A prospective analysis of three cohort studies. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0239099. [PMID: 33259491 PMCID: PMC7707592 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0239099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2020] [Accepted: 08/29/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The association of body mass index (BMI) and waist circumference (WC) with risk of Guillain-Barré syndrome (GBS) has been inconsistent in previous studies. METHODS We examined the associations of BMI and WC in relation to risk of GBS among 252,980 participants from the Nurses' Health Study (NHS), NHS-II, and the Health Professional Follow-up Study (HPFS). BMI and WC were assessed by self-reported questionnaire, and GBS cases were self-reported. RESULTS We documented 328 incident GBS cases during a total of 5,422,788 person years of follow-up. Compared to participants with BMI<25kg/m2, the multivariate pooled hazard ratio (HR) of GBS was 1.34 (95% CI: 1.04, 1.73) for overweight participants (25kg/m2≤BMI<30 kg/m2), and 1.68 (95% CI: 1.21, 2.35) for obese participants (BMI≥30 kg/m2) (P for trend = 0.001). Compared to participants with normal WC (<35 inches for women and <40 inches for men), the HR of GBS was 1.55 (95% CI: 1.10, 2.18) for participants with high WC (≥35 inches for women, and ≥40 inches for men). The positive associations of BMI and WC with risk of GBS were attenuated to null after mutually adjusting for BMI and WC. Joint analysis showed that the HR was 1.84 (95% CI: 1.27, 2.66) for participants with high WC and BMI≥25 kg/m2 in comparison to participants with normal WC and BMI<25kg/m2. CONCLUSION These data from large cohorts showed that higher BMI and WC jointly were associated with higher risk of GBS. Our study highlighted the importance of maintaining a normal body weight and waist circumference in prevention of GBS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming Ding
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Andre Markon
- Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition, Office of Analytics and Outreach, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, College Park, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Beverly Wolpert
- Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition, Office of Analytics and Outreach, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, College Park, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Jorge E Chavarro
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
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Kushwaha S, Seth V, Bapat P, R K, Chaturvedi M, Gupta R, Bhattar S, Maheshwari S, Anthony A. Neurological Associations of COVID-19-Do We Know Enough: A Tertiary Care Hospital Based Study. Front Neurol 2020; 11:588879. [PMID: 33329335 PMCID: PMC7732434 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2020.588879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2020] [Accepted: 09/30/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The neurotrophic potential of SARS-CoV-2 virus is manifesting as various neurological disorders in the present pandemic. Nervous system involvement can be due to the direct action of the virus on the brain tissue or due to an indirect action through the activation of immune-mediated mechanisms. This study will discuss the detailed systematically evaluated clinical profile and relevant investigations and outcome of 14 laboratory confirmed SARS-CoV-2 positive patients presenting with neurological signs and symptoms. The patients were further categorized into confirmed, probable, and possible neurological associations. The probable association was found in meningoencephalitis (n = 4), stroke (n = 2), Guillain-Barré syndrome (n = 1), and anosmia (n = 1). The other six patients had coexisting neurological diseases with SARS-CoV-2. One patient with a large artery stroke succumbed to the illness due to respiratory complication. Memory impairment as a sequela is present during follow up of one encephalitis patient. Presently the early recognition and diagnosis of neurological manifestations remains a challenge for clinicians as the SARS-CoV-2 related neurological manifestations are in evolution. A long-term correlation study of clinical profile, radiological and laboratory investigations, along with neuropathological studies is needed to further understand the pathophysiology behind the SARS-CoV-2 neurological manifestations. Further understanding will facilitate timely recognition, therapeutic intervention, and possible prevention of long-term sequalae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suman Kushwaha
- Department of Neurology, Institute of Human Behaviour and Allied Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Vaibhav Seth
- Department of Neurology, Institute of Human Behaviour and Allied Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Prateek Bapat
- Department of Neurology, Institute of Human Behaviour and Allied Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - KiranGowda R
- Department of Neurology, Institute of Human Behaviour and Allied Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Monali Chaturvedi
- Department of Neuroradiology, Institute of Human Behaviour and Allied Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Renu Gupta
- Department of Microbiology, Institute of Human Behaviour and Allied Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Sonali Bhattar
- Department of Microbiology, Rajiv Gandhi Super Speciality Hospital, New Delhi, India
| | - Siddharth Maheshwari
- Department of Neurology, Institute of Human Behaviour and Allied Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Aldrin Anthony
- Department of Neurology, Institute of Human Behaviour and Allied Sciences, New Delhi, India
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Occurrence of Campylobacter spp. in Selected Small Scale Commercial Broiler Farms of Bangladesh Related to Good Farm Practices. Microorganisms 2020; 8:microorganisms8111778. [PMID: 33202712 PMCID: PMC7709009 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms8111778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2020] [Revised: 11/06/2020] [Accepted: 11/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Poultry origin Campylobacter is considered as one of the leading causal agents of human foodborne illness. This study was conducted to estimate the occurrence, molecular identification, and antimicrobial resistance (AMR) of Campylobacter species from the broiler farms in Bangladesh. Samples (352) were collected from 32 farms and comprised of 128 cloacal swab, 64 feed, 64 drinking water, 64 attendants' hand rinsed water, and 32 whole carcasses. All samples were tested for the presence of Campylobacter via cultural, biochemical, and PCR. The AMR was determined via the disc diffusion method. An overall occurrence of Campylobacter spp. was estimated as 26.4%. The level of Campylobacter contamination was found to be higher in conventional farms (36.4%) than the good practice farms (16.5%) including all sample categories (p = 0.000). Of 93 isolates, 67.74% and 32.26% were confirmed as C. jejuni and C. coli respectively, of which 34.92% C. jejuni, and 30% C. coli were shown to be multidrug-resistant. A significant occurrence of Campylobacter contamination in broiler farms with multidrug resistant patterns might be cogitated as serious food safety and public health concern linking to poultry food chain. A risk reduction approach through good farming practices targeting the prudent use of antimicrobials for broiler production is thus necessitated.
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Duqué B, Canon J, Haddad N, Guillou S, Membré JM. Quantitative approach to assess the compliance to a performance objective (PO) of Campylobacter jejuni in poultry meat in France. Int J Food Microbiol 2020; 336:108916. [PMID: 33091756 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2020.108916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2019] [Revised: 08/19/2020] [Accepted: 10/04/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Predictive modelling is used in microbiological risk assessment to quantify the growth and inactivation of microorganisms through the use of mathematical models. Campylobacter jejuni is one of the main foodborne pathogens and broiler meat is considered as the most important source of human campylobacteriosis. The purpose of this study was to assess the effects of heating and chilling during the poultry slaughter process on inactivation kinetics of Campylobacter jejuni during chilled storage in order to predict its contamination level prior to preparation and consumption in the consumer's home, and then to assess the compliance to a Performance Objective (PO). Three strains of C. jejuni were submitted to consecutive heat (54 °C for 3 min) and cold (3 °C for 2 h) stresses, mimicking the two main slaughtering steps, i.e. scalding and chilling, by inoculating chicken fillets with three different concentrations (4, 6 and 8 log10 CFU/g). Fillets were then stored at 6 °C during 17 days under the modified atmosphere currently used by food processors (70% O2/30% CO2). For all strains, bacterial log reduction was the lowest when inoculated at 8 log10 CFU/g. One strain showed an enhanced resistance during cold storage after application of stressing steps, suggesting an impact of the cell history on further bacterial resistance. Taking strain variability into account, after six days of storage, predictions showed compliance of ready-to-be-cooked chicken meat with a hypothetical PO of 2.55 log10 CFU/g, value set before the meat enters the consumer's home by the ICMSF (International Commission on Microbiological Specifications for Foods). This study opens the path to assess the compliance to a PO of Campylobacter jejuni in poultry meat and more generally provides inputs to refine microbiological risk assessment by taking into account the cell history and more particularly the impact of stressful steps on the subsequent inactivation at consumer's home.
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Wahatule R, Dutta D, Debnath M, Nagappa M, Mahadevan A, Sinha S, Sundaravadivel P, Rao U, Periyavan S, Binu VS, Rao S, Taly AB. Ganglioside complex antibodies in an Indian cohort of Guillain‐Barré syndrome. Muscle Nerve 2020; 62:728-734. [DOI: 10.1002/mus.27071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2019] [Revised: 09/06/2020] [Accepted: 09/11/2020] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Rahul Wahatule
- Department of Neurology National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences (NIMHANS) Bangalore India
| | - Debprasad Dutta
- Department of Human Genetics National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences (NIMHANS) Bangalore India
| | - Monojit Debnath
- Department of Human Genetics National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences (NIMHANS) Bangalore India
| | - Madhu Nagappa
- Department of Neurology National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences (NIMHANS) Bangalore India
| | - Anita Mahadevan
- Department of Neuropathology National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences (NIMHANS) Bangalore India
| | - Sanjib Sinha
- Department of Neurology National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences (NIMHANS) Bangalore India
| | - Pandarisamy Sundaravadivel
- Department of Human Genetics National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences (NIMHANS) Bangalore India
| | - Umamaheswara Rao
- Department of Neuroanesthesia and Neurocritical Care National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences (NIMHANS) Bangalore India
| | - Sundar Periyavan
- Department of Transfusion Medicine and Hematology National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences (NIMHANS) Bangalore India
| | - VS Binu
- Department of Biostatistics National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences (NIMHANS) Bangalore India
| | - Shivaji Rao
- Department of Biostatistics National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences (NIMHANS) Bangalore India
| | - Arun B Taly
- Department of Neurology National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences (NIMHANS) Bangalore India
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Cooperative Regulation of Campylobacter jejuni Heat-Shock Genes by HspR and HrcA. Microorganisms 2020; 8:microorganisms8081161. [PMID: 32751623 PMCID: PMC7464140 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms8081161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2020] [Revised: 07/24/2020] [Accepted: 07/27/2020] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
The heat-shock response is defined by the transient gene-expression program that leads to the rapid accumulation of heat-shock proteins. This evolutionary conserved response aims at the preservation of the intracellular environment and represents a crucial pathway during the establishment of host–pathogen interaction. In the food-borne pathogen Campylobacter jejuni two transcriptional repressors, named HspR and HrcA, are involved in the regulation of the major heat-shock genes. However, the molecular mechanism underpinning HspR and HrcA regulatory function has not been defined yet. In the present work, we assayed and mapped the HspR and HrcA interactions on heat-shock promoters by high-resolution DNase I footprintings, defining their regulatory circuit, which governs C. jejuni heat-shock response. We found that, while DNA-binding of HrcA covers a compact region enclosing a single inverted repeat similar to the so-called Controlling Inverted Repeat of Chaperone Expression (CIRCE) sequence, HspR interacts with multiple high- and low-affinity binding sites, which contain HspR Associated Inverted Repeat (HAIR)-like sequences. We also explored the DNA-binding properties of the two repressors competitively on their common targets and observed, for the first time, that HrcA and HspR can directly interact and their binding on co-regulated promoters occurs in a cooperative manner. This mutual cooperative mechanism of DNA binding could explain the synergic repressive effect of HspR and HrcA observed in vivo on co-regulated promoters. Peculiarities of the molecular mechanisms exerted by HspR and HrcA in C. jejuni are compared to the closely related bacterium H. pylori that uses homologues of the two regulators.
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Thames HT, Theradiyil Sukumaran A. A Review of Salmonella and Campylobacter in Broiler Meat: Emerging Challenges and Food Safety Measures. Foods 2020; 9:E776. [PMID: 32545362 PMCID: PMC7353592 DOI: 10.3390/foods9060776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2020] [Revised: 06/03/2020] [Accepted: 06/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Poultry is one of the largest sources of animal-based protein in the United States. Poultry processing has grown from a small local network of plants to nearly 500 plants nationwide. Two of the most persistent bacteria in poultry processing are Salmonella and Campylobacter. It was not until the introduction of Hazard Analysis and Critical Control Point systems in 1996 that major efforts to reduce bacterial contamination were developed. Traditionally, chlorine has been the industry standard for decontaminating chicken meat. However, antimicrobials such as peracetic acid, cetylpyridinium chloride, and acidified sodium chlorite have replaced chlorine as primary antimicrobials. Despite current interventions, the emergence of stress-tolerant and biofilm-forming Salmonella and Campylobacter is of primary concern. In an effort to offset growing tolerance from microbes, novel techniques such as cold plasma treatment, electrostatic spraying, and bacteriophage-based applications have been investigated as alternatives to conventional treatments, while new chemical antimicrobials such as Amplon and sodium ferrate are investigated as well. This review provides an overview of poultry processing in the United States, major microbes in poultry processing, current interventions, emerging issues, and emerging technologies in antimicrobial treatments.
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Hayat S, Babu G, Das A, Howlader ZH, Mahmud I, Islam Z. Fc-gamma IIIa-V158F receptor polymorphism contributes to the severity of Guillain-Barré syndrome. Ann Clin Transl Neurol 2020; 7:1040-1049. [PMID: 32484314 PMCID: PMC7317642 DOI: 10.1002/acn3.51072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2020] [Accepted: 05/11/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective Guillain‐Barré syndrome (GBS) is a rare, life‐threatening disorder of the peripheral nervous system. Immunoglobulin G Fc‐gamma receptors (FcγRs) mediate and regulate diverse effector functions and are involved in the pathogenesis of GBS. We investigated whether the FcγR polymorphisms FcγRIIa H/R131 (rs1801274), FcγRIIIa V/F158 (rs396991), and FcγRIIIb NA1/NA2, and their haplotype patterns affect the affinity of IgG‐FcγR interactivity and influence GBS susceptibility and severity. Methods We determined FcγR polymorphisms in 303 patients with GBS and 302 ethnically matched healthy individuals from Bangladesh by allele‐specific polymerase chain reaction. Pairwise linkage disequilibrium and haplotype patterns were analyzed based on D ´statistics and the genotype package of R statistics, respectively. Logistic regression analysis and Fisher’s exact test with corrected P (Pc) values were employed for statistical comparisons. Results FcγRIIIa‐V158F was associated with the severe form of GBS compared to the mild form (P = 0.005, OR = 2.24, 95% CI = 1.28–3.91; Pc = 0.015); however, FcγR genotypes and haplotype patterns did not show any association with GBS susceptibility compared to healthy controls. FcγRIIIa‐V/V158 and FcγRIIIb‐NA2/2 were associated with recent Campylobacter jejuni infection (P ≤ 0.001, OR = 0.36, 95% CI = 0.23–0.56; Pc ≤ 0.003 and P = 0.004, OR = 1.70, 95% CI = 1.18–2.44; Pc ≤ 0.012, respectively). Haplotype 1 (FcγRIIa‐H131R‐ FcγRIIIa‐V158F‐ FcγRIIIb‐NA1/2) and the FcγRIIIb‐NA2/2 genotype were more prevalent among anti‐GM1 antibody‐positive patients (P = 0.031, OR = 9.61, 95% CI = 1.24–74.77, Pc = 0.279; P = 0.027, OR = 1.62, 95% CI = 1.06–2.5, Pc = 0.081, respectively). Interpretation FcγR polymorphisms and haplotypes are not associated with susceptibility to GBS, though the FcγRIIIa‐V158F genotype is associated with the severity of GBS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shoma Hayat
- Laboratory of Gut-Brain Signaling, Laboratory Sciences and Services Division (LSSD), icddr,b, Dhaka, 1212, Bangladesh.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Dhaka, Dhaka, 1000, Bangladesh
| | - Golap Babu
- Laboratory of Gut-Brain Signaling, Laboratory Sciences and Services Division (LSSD), icddr,b, Dhaka, 1212, Bangladesh
| | - Avizit Das
- Laboratory of Gut-Brain Signaling, Laboratory Sciences and Services Division (LSSD), icddr,b, Dhaka, 1212, Bangladesh
| | - Zakir Hossain Howlader
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Dhaka, Dhaka, 1000, Bangladesh
| | - Ishtiaq Mahmud
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Dhaka, Dhaka, 1000, Bangladesh
| | - Zhahirul Islam
- Laboratory of Gut-Brain Signaling, Laboratory Sciences and Services Division (LSSD), icddr,b, Dhaka, 1212, Bangladesh
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Ahmed MU, Hanif M, Ali MJ, Haider MA, Kherani D, Memon GM, Karim AH, Sattar A. Neurological Manifestations of COVID-19 (SARS-CoV-2): A Review. Front Neurol 2020; 11:518. [PMID: 32574248 PMCID: PMC7257377 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2020.00518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 141] [Impact Index Per Article: 35.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2020] [Accepted: 05/11/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), has been associated with many neurological symptoms but there is a little evidence-based published material on the neurological manifestations of COVID-19. The purpose of this article is to review the spectrum of the various neurological manifestations and underlying associated pathophysiology in COVID-19 patients. Method: We conducted a review of the various case reports and retrospective clinical studies published on the neurological manifestations, associated literature, and related pathophysiology of COVID-19 using PUBMED and subsequent proceedings. A total of 118 articles were thoroughly reviewed in order to highlight the plausible spectrum of neurological manifestations of COVID 19. Every article was either based on descriptive analysis, clinical scenarios, correspondence, and editorials emphasizing the neurological manifestations either directly or indirectly. We then tried to highlight the significant plausible manifestations and complications that could be related to the pandemic. With little known about the dynamics and the presentation spectrum of the virus apart from the respiratory symptoms, this area needs further consideration. Conclusion: The neurological manifestations associated with COVID-19 such as Encephalitis, Meningitis, acute cerebrovascular disease, and Guillain Barré Syndrome (GBS) are of great concern. But in the presence of life-threatening abnormal vitals in severely ill COVID-19 patients, these are not usually underscored. There is a need to diagnose these manifestations at the earliest to limit long term sequelae. Much research is needed to explore the role of SARS-CoV-2 in causing these neurological manifestations by isolating it either from cerebrospinal fluid or brain tissues of the deceased on autopsy. We also recommend exploring the risk factors that lead to the development of these neurological manifestations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Umer Ahmed
- Ziauddin University and Hospital, Ziauddin Medical College, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Hanif
- Khyber Medical College Peshawar, Hayatabad Medical Complex, Peshawar, Pakistan
| | - Mukarram Jamat Ali
- Department of Internal Medicine, King Edward Medical University Lahore, Lahore, Pakistan
| | | | | | | | - Amin H Karim
- Houston Methodist Hospital, Houston, TX, United States.,Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Abdul Sattar
- Southside Hospital Northwell Health, New York, NY, United States
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Soro AB, Whyte P, Bolton DJ, Tiwari BK. Strategies and novel technologies to control Campylobacter in the poultry chain: A review. Compr Rev Food Sci Food Saf 2020; 19:1353-1377. [PMID: 33337085 DOI: 10.1111/1541-4337.12544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2019] [Revised: 01/06/2020] [Accepted: 01/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Campylobacteriosis is one of the most common bacterial infections worldwide causing economic costs. The high prevalence of Campylobacter spp. in poultry meat is a result of several contamination and cross-contamination sources through the production chain. Moreover, survival mechanisms, such as biofilm formation, viable but nonculturable state, and antimicrobial resistance, enable its persistence during food processing. Therefore, mitigation strategies are necessary in order to avoid and/or inactivate Campylobacter at farm, abattoir, industry, and retail level. In this review, a number of potential strategies and novel technologies that could reduce the prevalence of Campylobacter in poultry meat have been identified and evaluated to provide a useful overview. At farm level for instance, biosecurity, bacteriocins, probiotics, feed and water additives, bacteriophages, and vaccination could potentially reduce colonization in chicken flocks. However, current technologies used in the chicken slaughter and processing industry may be less effective against this foodborne pathogen. Novel technologies and strategies such as cold plasma, ultraviolet light, high-intensity light pulses, pulsed electric fields, antimicrobials, and modified atmosphere packaging are discussed in this review for reducing Campylobacter contamination. Although these measures have achieved promising results, most have not been integrated within processing operations due to a lack of knowledge or an unwillingness to implement these into existing processing systems. Furthermore, a combination of existing and novel strategies might be required to decrease the prevalence of this pathogen in poultry meat and enhance food safety. Therefore, further research will be essential to assess the effectiveness of all these strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arturo B Soro
- Department of Food Chemistry and Technology, Teagasc Food Research Centre, Ashtown, Ireland.,UCD School of Veterinary Medicine, University College Dublin, Belfield, Ireland
| | - Paul Whyte
- UCD School of Veterinary Medicine, University College Dublin, Belfield, Ireland
| | - Declan J Bolton
- Department of Food Safety, Teagasc Food Research Centre, Ashtown, Ireland
| | - Brijesh K Tiwari
- Department of Food Chemistry and Technology, Teagasc Food Research Centre, Ashtown, Ireland
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Microbiological Safety of Leafy Vegetables Produced at Houeyiho and Sèmè-Kpodji Vegetable Farms in Southern Benin: Risk Factors for Campylobacter spp.. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FOOD SCIENCE 2020; 2019:8942608. [PMID: 31930111 PMCID: PMC6942816 DOI: 10.1155/2019/8942608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2019] [Revised: 09/05/2019] [Accepted: 09/14/2019] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Foodborne infections, mainly those attributable to Campylobacter, are one of the most common causes of intestinal diseases, of bacterial origin in humans. Although the vehicle of transmission is not always identified, the most common vehicles are poultry, poultry products, and contaminated water. In Southern Benin, an excessive use of poultry manure as fertilizer in vegetable farms was noted. This survey aimed to determine the prevalence and concentration of Campylobacter spp., especially Campylobacter jejuni and Campylobacter coli, in selected environmental samples (poultry manure, and irrigation water) and freshly harvested leafy vegetables in two (Houeyiho and Sèmè-Kpodji) vegetable farms in southern Benin. To achieve this objective, we analyzed 280 samples, including 224 samples of leafy vegetables (Solanum macrocarpon and Lactuca sativa capita), 28 samples of irrigation water, and 28 samples of poultry manure. The analysis of the samples taken was carried out according to the modified NF EN ISO 10272-1 standard. Of the 280 samples analyzed in this survey, 63 were positive for Campylobacter contamination. For leafy vegetable samples analyzed in this survey, the contamination rate was of 15.63%. 60.71% of poultry manure samples analyzed were contaminated with Campylobacter spp. and 39.29% of irrigation water samples were contaminated. The statistical analysis of these results showed that there is a correlation between the contamination of leafy vegetables, poultry manure, and irrigations (p < 0.01). Campylobacter jejuni (53.97%) was more involved in contaminations than Campylobacter coli (36.57%). This study has shown that there is a real risk of food poisoning by Campylobacter jejuni and Campylobacter coli among consumers of leafy vegetables in southern Benin. The origin of contamination of these leafy vegetables is poultry manure used as fertilizer in vegetable gardens and irrigation water used.
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Klančnik A, Šimunović K, Kovac J, Sahin O, Wu Z, Vučković D, Abram M, Zhang Q, Smole Možina S. The Anti- Campylobacter Activity and Mechanisms of Pinocembrin Action. Microorganisms 2019; 7:E675. [PMID: 31835624 PMCID: PMC6955772 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms7120675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2019] [Revised: 12/05/2019] [Accepted: 12/07/2019] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
We investigated the anti-Campylobacter activity of pinocembrin and its mechanism of action, as well as Campylobacter responses to pinocembrin treatment at the genetic and phenotypic levels, using C. jejuni NCTC 11168 and a multidrug efflux system repressor mutant (11168ΔcmeR). At its minimal inhibitory concentration, pinocembrin significantly increased cell membrane permeability of Campylobacter. Interestingly, at sub-inhibitory concentrations, pinocembrin did not significantly alter membrane functionality and it increased bacterial fitness. Treatment with pinocembrin evoked decreased expression of ribosomal proteins and down-regulation of several NADH dehydrogenase I chain subunits and proteins involved in iron uptake. This suggests altered protein production and redox cycle and iron metabolism. Interestingly, the chelation of Fe ions during the treatment with pinocembrin increased C. jejuni survival, although there was no increase in the formation of reactive oxygen species. Pre-treatment of C. jejuni with sub-inhibitory concentrations of pinocembrin for 2 h resulted in a 1 log decrease in C. jejuni colony forming units in mice liver at 8 days post-infection, compared to untreated C. jejuni. These findings suggest that pinocembrin modulates the metabolic activity of C. jejuni and that pre-treatment of C. jejuni with pinocembrin influences its virulence potential in mice. This anti-Campylobacter potential of pinocembrin warrants further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anja Klančnik
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Biotechnical Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Jamnikarjeva 101, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia; (K.Š.); (J.K.); (S.S.M.)
| | - Katarina Šimunović
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Biotechnical Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Jamnikarjeva 101, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia; (K.Š.); (J.K.); (S.S.M.)
| | - Jasna Kovac
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Biotechnical Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Jamnikarjeva 101, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia; (K.Š.); (J.K.); (S.S.M.)
- Department of Food Science, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
| | - Orhan Sahin
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology and Preventive Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA; (O.S.); (Z.W.); (Q.Z.)
| | - Zuowei Wu
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology and Preventive Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA; (O.S.); (Z.W.); (Q.Z.)
| | - Darinka Vučković
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Rijeka, Braće Branchetta 20, 51000 Rijeka, Croatia; (D.V.); (M.A.)
| | - Maja Abram
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Rijeka, Braće Branchetta 20, 51000 Rijeka, Croatia; (D.V.); (M.A.)
| | - Qijing Zhang
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology and Preventive Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA; (O.S.); (Z.W.); (Q.Z.)
| | - Sonja Smole Možina
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Biotechnical Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Jamnikarjeva 101, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia; (K.Š.); (J.K.); (S.S.M.)
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Duqué B, Haddad N, Rossero A, Membré JM, Guillou S. Influence of cell history on the subsequent inactivation of Campylobacter jejuni during cold storage under modified atmosphere. Food Microbiol 2019; 84:103263. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fm.2019.103263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2019] [Revised: 06/04/2019] [Accepted: 07/05/2019] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Strain-Specific Differences in Survival of Campylobacter spp. in Naturally Contaminated Turkey Feces and Water. Appl Environ Microbiol 2019; 85:AEM.01579-19. [PMID: 31519663 DOI: 10.1128/aem.01579-19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2019] [Accepted: 09/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Campylobacter jejuni and Campylobacter coli are leading causes of human foodborne illness, with poultry as a major vehicle. Turkeys are frequently colonized with Campylobacter, but little is known about Campylobacter survival in turkey feces, even though fecal droppings are major vehicles for Campylobacter within-flock transmission as well as for environmental dissemination. Our objective was to examine survival of Campylobacter, including different strains, in freshly excreted feces from naturally colonized commercial turkey flocks and in suspensions of turkey feces in water from the turkey house. Fecal and water suspensions were stored at 4°C, and Campylobacter populations were enumerated on selective media at 48-h intervals. C. jejuni and C. coli isolates were characterized for resistance to a panel of antibiotics, and a subset was subtyped using multilocus sequence typing. Campylobacter was recovered from feces and water for up to 16 days. Analysis of 548 isolates (218 C. jejuni and 330 C. coli) revealed that C. jejuni survived longer than C. coli in feces (P = 0.0005), while the reverse was observed in water (P < 0.0001). Strain-specific differences in survival were noted. Multidrug-resistant C. jejuni isolates of sequence type 1839 (ST-1839) and the related ST-2935 were among the longest-surviving isolates in feces, being recovered for up to 10 to 16 days, while multidrug-resistant C. coli isolates of ST-1101 were recovered from feces for only up to 4 days. Data on Campylobacter survival upon excretion from the birds can contribute to further understanding of the transmission dynamics of this pathogen in the poultry production ecosystem.IMPORTANCE Campylobacter jejuni and Campylobacter coli are leading foodborne pathogens, with poultry as a major reservoir. Due to their growth requirements, these Campylobacter spp. may be unable to replicate once excreted by their avian hosts, but their survival in feces and the environment is critical for transmission in the farm ecosystem. Reducing the prevalence of Campylobacter-positive flocks can have major impacts in controlling both contamination of poultry products and environmental dissemination of the pathogens. However, understanding the capacity of these pathogens to survive in transmission-relevant vehicles such as feces and farmhouse water remains poorly understood, and little information is available on species- and strain-associated differences in survival. Here, we employed model conditions to investigate the survival of C. jejuni and C. coli from naturally colonized turkey flocks, and with diverse genotypes and antimicrobial resistance profiles, in turkey feces and in farmhouse water.
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