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Hu D, Zhang Z, Luo X, Li S, Jiang J, Zhang J, Wu Z, Wang Y, Sun M, Chen X, Zhang B, Xu X, Wang S, Xu S, Wang Y, Huang W, Xia L. Transcription factor BACH1 in cancer: roles, mechanisms, and prospects for targeted therapy. Biomark Res 2024; 12:21. [PMID: 38321558 PMCID: PMC10848553 DOI: 10.1186/s40364-024-00570-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2023] [Accepted: 01/22/2024] [Indexed: 02/08/2024] Open
Abstract
Transcription factor BTB domain and CNC homology 1 (BACH1) belongs to the Cap 'n' Collar and basic region Leucine Zipper (CNC-bZIP) family. BACH1 is widely expressed in mammalian tissues, where it regulates epigenetic modifications, heme homeostasis, and oxidative stress. Additionally, it is involved in immune system development. More importantly, BACH1 is highly expressed in and plays a key role in numerous malignant tumors, affecting cellular metabolism, tumor invasion and metastasis, proliferation, different cell death pathways, drug resistance, and the tumor microenvironment. However, few articles systematically summarized the roles of BACH1 in cancer. This review aims to highlight the research status of BACH1 in malignant tumor behaviors, and summarize its role in immune regulation in cancer. Moreover, this review focuses on the potential of BACH1 as a novel therapeutic target and prognostic biomarker. Notably, the mechanisms underlying the roles of BACH1 in ferroptosis, oxidative stress and tumor microenvironment remain to be explored. BACH1 has a dual impact on cancer, which affects the accuracy and efficiency of targeted drug delivery. Finally, the promising directions of future BACH1 research are prospected. A systematical and clear understanding of BACH1 would undoubtedly take us one step closer to facilitating its translation from basic research into the clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dian Hu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Institute of Liver and Gastrointestinal Diseases, Hubei Key Laboratory of Hepato-Pancreato-Biliary Diseases, Tongji Hospital of Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, Hubei Province, China
| | - Zerui Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Institute of Liver and Gastrointestinal Diseases, Hubei Key Laboratory of Hepato-Pancreato-Biliary Diseases, Tongji Hospital of Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, Hubei Province, China
| | - Xiangyuan Luo
- Department of Gastroenterology, Institute of Liver and Gastrointestinal Diseases, Hubei Key Laboratory of Hepato-Pancreato-Biliary Diseases, Tongji Hospital of Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, Hubei Province, China
| | - Siwen Li
- Department of Gastroenterology, Institute of Liver and Gastrointestinal Diseases, Hubei Key Laboratory of Hepato-Pancreato-Biliary Diseases, Tongji Hospital of Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, Hubei Province, China
| | - Junqing Jiang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Institute of Liver and Gastrointestinal Diseases, Hubei Key Laboratory of Hepato-Pancreato-Biliary Diseases, Tongji Hospital of Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, Hubei Province, China
| | - Jiaqian Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Institute of Liver and Gastrointestinal Diseases, Hubei Key Laboratory of Hepato-Pancreato-Biliary Diseases, Tongji Hospital of Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, Hubei Province, China
| | - Zhangfan Wu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Institute of Liver and Gastrointestinal Diseases, Hubei Key Laboratory of Hepato-Pancreato-Biliary Diseases, Tongji Hospital of Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, Hubei Province, China
| | - Yijun Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Institute of Liver and Gastrointestinal Diseases, Hubei Key Laboratory of Hepato-Pancreato-Biliary Diseases, Tongji Hospital of Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, Hubei Province, China
| | - Mengyu Sun
- Department of Gastroenterology, Institute of Liver and Gastrointestinal Diseases, Hubei Key Laboratory of Hepato-Pancreato-Biliary Diseases, Tongji Hospital of Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, Hubei Province, China
| | - Xiaoping Chen
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Hepato-Pancreato-Biliary Diseases; Hepatic Surgery Center, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology; Clinical Medicine Research Center for Hepatic Surgery of Hubei Province; Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Ministry of Education and Ministry of Public Health, Wuhan, 430030, Hubei, China
| | - Bixiang Zhang
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Hepato-Pancreato-Biliary Diseases; Hepatic Surgery Center, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology; Clinical Medicine Research Center for Hepatic Surgery of Hubei Province; Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Ministry of Education and Ministry of Public Health, Wuhan, 430030, Hubei, China
| | - Xiao Xu
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Oncology and Intelligent Medicine of Zhejiang Province, Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Affiliated Hangzhou First People's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310006, China
| | - Shuai Wang
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Oncology and Intelligent Medicine of Zhejiang Province, Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Affiliated Hangzhou First People's Hospital, Westlake university school of medicine, Hangzhou, 310006, China
| | - Shengjun Xu
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Oncology and Intelligent Medicine of Zhejiang Province, Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Affiliated Hangzhou First People's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310006, China
| | - Yufei Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Institute of Liver and Gastrointestinal Diseases, Hubei Key Laboratory of Hepato-Pancreato-Biliary Diseases, Tongji Hospital of Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, Hubei Province, China.
| | - Wenjie Huang
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Hepato-Pancreato-Biliary Diseases; Hepatic Surgery Center, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology; Clinical Medicine Research Center for Hepatic Surgery of Hubei Province; Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Ministry of Education and Ministry of Public Health, Wuhan, 430030, Hubei, China.
| | - Limin Xia
- Department of Gastroenterology, Institute of Liver and Gastrointestinal Diseases, Hubei Key Laboratory of Hepato-Pancreato-Biliary Diseases, Tongji Hospital of Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, Hubei Province, China.
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Song Q, Mao X, Jing M, Fu Y, Yan W. Pathophysiological role of BACH transcription factors in digestive system diseases. Front Physiol 2023; 14:1121353. [PMID: 37228820 PMCID: PMC10203417 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2023.1121353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2022] [Accepted: 04/26/2023] [Indexed: 05/27/2023] Open
Abstract
BTB and CNC homologous (BACH) proteins, including BACH1 and BACH2, are transcription factors that are widely expressed in human tissues. BACH proteins form heterodimers with small musculoaponeurotic fibrosarcoma (MAF) proteins to suppress the transcription of target genes. Furthermore, BACH1 promotes the transcription of target genes. BACH proteins regulate physiological processes, such as the differentiation of B cells and T cells, mitochondrial function, and heme homeostasis as well as pathogenesis related to inflammation, oxidative-stress damage caused by drugs, toxicants, or infections; autoimmunity disorders; and cancer angiogenesis, epithelial-mesenchymal transition, chemotherapy resistance, progression, and metabolism. In this review, we discuss the function of BACH proteins in the digestive system, including the liver, gallbladder, esophagus, stomach, small and large intestines, and pancreas. BACH proteins directly target genes or indirectly regulate downstream molecules to promote or inhibit biological phenomena such as inflammation, tumor angiogenesis, and epithelial-mesenchymal transition. BACH proteins are also regulated by proteins, miRNAs, LncRNAs, labile iron, and positive and negative feedback. Additionally, we summarize a list of regulators targeting these proteins. Our review provides a reference for future studies on targeted drugs in digestive diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qianben Song
- Department of Gastroenterology, Tongji Hospital of Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
- Institute of Liver and Gastrointestinal Diseases, Tongji Hospital of Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Xin Mao
- Department of Gastroenterology, Tongji Hospital of Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
- Institute of Liver and Gastrointestinal Diseases, Tongji Hospital of Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Mengjia Jing
- Department of Gastroenterology, Tongji Hospital of Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
- Institute of Liver and Gastrointestinal Diseases, Tongji Hospital of Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Yu Fu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Wei Yan
- Department of Gastroenterology, Tongji Hospital of Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
- Institute of Liver and Gastrointestinal Diseases, Tongji Hospital of Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
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3
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Muzaffar S, Khan J, Srivastava R, Gorbatyuk MS, Athar M. Mechanistic understanding of the toxic effects of arsenic and warfare arsenicals on human health and environment. Cell Biol Toxicol 2022; 39:85-110. [PMID: 35362847 PMCID: PMC10042769 DOI: 10.1007/s10565-022-09710-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2021] [Accepted: 03/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Worldwide, more than 200 million people are estimated to be exposed to unsafe levels of arsenic. Chronic exposure to unsafe levels of groundwater arsenic is responsible for multiple human disorders, including dermal, cardiovascular, neurological, pulmonary, renal, and metabolic conditions. Consumption of rice and seafood (where high levels of arsenic are accumulated) is also responsible for human exposure to arsenic. The toxicity of arsenic compounds varies greatly and may depend on their chemical form, solubility, and concentration. Surprisingly, synthetic organoarsenicals are extremely toxic molecules which created interest in their development as chemical warfare agents (CWAs) during World War I (WWI). Among these CWAs, adamsite, Clark I, Clark II, and lewisite are of critical importance, as stockpiles of these agents still exist worldwide. In addition, unused WWII weaponized arsenicals discarded in water bodies or buried in many parts of the world continue to pose a serious threat to the environment and human health. Metabolic inhibition, oxidative stress, genotoxicity, and epigenetic alterations including micro-RNA-dependent regulation are some of the underlying mechanisms of arsenic toxicity. Mechanistic understanding of the toxicity of organoarsenicals is also critical for the development of effective therapeutic interventions. This review provides comprehensive details and a critical assessment of recently published data on various chemical forms of arsenic, their exposure, and implications on human and environmental health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suhail Muzaffar
- UAB Research Center of Excellence in Arsenicals and Department of Dermatology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Volker Hall - Room 509 1670 University Blvd. , Birmingham, AL, 35294-0019, USA
| | - Jasim Khan
- UAB Research Center of Excellence in Arsenicals and Department of Dermatology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Volker Hall - Room 509 1670 University Blvd. , Birmingham, AL, 35294-0019, USA
| | - Ritesh Srivastava
- UAB Research Center of Excellence in Arsenicals and Department of Dermatology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Volker Hall - Room 509 1670 University Blvd. , Birmingham, AL, 35294-0019, USA
| | - Marina S Gorbatyuk
- Department of Optometry and Vision Science, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, School of Optometry, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Mohammad Athar
- UAB Research Center of Excellence in Arsenicals and Department of Dermatology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Volker Hall - Room 509 1670 University Blvd. , Birmingham, AL, 35294-0019, USA.
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Renu K, Chakraborty R, Myakala H, Koti R, Famurewa AC, Madhyastha H, Vellingiri B, George A, Valsala Gopalakrishnan A. Molecular mechanism of heavy metals (Lead, Chromium, Arsenic, Mercury, Nickel and Cadmium) - induced hepatotoxicity - A review. CHEMOSPHERE 2021; 271:129735. [PMID: 33736223 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.129735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 186] [Impact Index Per Article: 62.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2020] [Revised: 01/12/2021] [Accepted: 01/18/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Heavy metals pose a serious threat if they go beyond permissible limits in our bodies. Much heavy metal's viz. Lead, Chromium, Arsenic, Mercury, Nickel, and Cadmium pose a serious threat when they go beyond permissible limits and cause hepatotoxicity. They cause the generation of ROS which in turn causes numerous injuries and undesirable changes in the liver. Epidemiological studies have shown an increase in the levels of such heavy metals in the environment posing a serious threat to human health. Epigenetic alterations have been seen in the event of exposure to such heavy metals. Apoptosis, caspase activation as well as ultrastructural changes in the hepatocytes have also been seen due to heavy metals. Inflammation involving TNF-alpha, pro-inflammatory cytokines, MAPK, ERK pathways have been seen in the event of heavy metal hepatotoxicity. All these have shown that these heavy metals pose a serious threat to human health in particular and the environment as a whole.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaviyarasi Renu
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Bio Sciences and Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology (VIT), Vellore, Tamil Nadu, 632014, India
| | - Rituraj Chakraborty
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Bio Sciences and Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology (VIT), Vellore, Tamil Nadu, 632014, India
| | - Haritha Myakala
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Bio Sciences and Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology (VIT), Vellore, Tamil Nadu, 632014, India
| | - Rajeshwari Koti
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Bio Sciences and Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology (VIT), Vellore, Tamil Nadu, 632014, India
| | - Ademola C Famurewa
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Alex Ekwueme Federal University, Ndufu-Alike lkwo, Nigeria
| | - Harishkumar Madhyastha
- Department of Applied Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki, 889 1692, Japan
| | - Balachandar Vellingiri
- Human Molecular Cytogenetics and Stem Cell Laboratory, Department of Human Genetics and Molecular Biology, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore, 641 046, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Alex George
- Jubilee Centre for Medical Research, Jubilee Mission Medical College and Research Institute, Thrissur, Kerala, India
| | - Abilash Valsala Gopalakrishnan
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Bio Sciences and Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology (VIT), Vellore, Tamil Nadu, 632014, India.
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5
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Inesta-Vaquera F, Navasumrit P, Henderson CJ, Frangova TG, Honda T, Dinkova-Kostova AT, Ruchirawat M, Wolf CR. Application of the in vivo oxidative stress reporter Hmox1 as mechanistic biomarker of arsenic toxicity. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2021; 270:116053. [PMID: 33213951 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2020.116053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2020] [Revised: 10/02/2020] [Accepted: 11/06/2020] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Inorganic arsenic (iAs) is a naturally occurring metalloid present in drinking water and polluted air exposing millions of people globally. Epidemiological studies have linked iAs exposure to the development of numerous diseases including cognitive impairment, cardiovascular failure and cancer. Despite intense research, an effective therapy for chronic arsenicosis has yet to be developed. Laboratory studies have been of great benefit in establishing the pathways involved in iAs toxicity and providing insights into its mechanism of action. However, the in vivo analysis of arsenic toxicity mechanisms has been difficult by the lack of reliable in vivo biomarkers of iAs's effects. To address this issue we have applied the use of our recently developed stress reporter models to study iAs toxicity. The reporter mice Hmox1 (oxidative stress/inflammation; HOTT) and p21 (DNA damage) were exposed to iAs at acute and chronic, environmentally relevant, doses. We observed induction of the oxidative stress reporters in several cell types and tissues, which was largely dependent on the activation of transcription factor NRF2. We propose that our HOTT reporter model can be used as a surrogate biomarker of iAs-induced oxidative stress, and it constitutes a first-in-class platform to develop treatments aimed to counteract the role of oxidative stress in arsenicosis. Indeed, in a proof of concept experiment, the HOTT reporter mice were able to predict the therapeutic utility of the antioxidant N-acetyl cysteine in the prevention of iAs associated toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francisco Inesta-Vaquera
- Department of Systems Medicine. School of Medicine. University of Dundee, Ninewells Hospital, Dundee, DD1 9SY, UK.
| | - Panida Navasumrit
- Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Chulabhorn Research Institute, Bangkok, 10210, Thailand
| | - Colin J Henderson
- Department of Systems Medicine. School of Medicine. University of Dundee, Ninewells Hospital, Dundee, DD1 9SY, UK
| | - Tanya G Frangova
- Department of Systems Medicine. School of Medicine. University of Dundee, Ninewells Hospital, Dundee, DD1 9SY, UK
| | - Tadashi Honda
- Department of Chemistry and Institute of Chemical Biology & Drug Discovery, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, 11794-3400, USA
| | - Albena T Dinkova-Kostova
- Department of Molecular Medicine. School of Medicine. University of Dundee, Ninewells Hospital, Dundee, DD1 9SY, UK
| | - Mathuros Ruchirawat
- Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Chulabhorn Research Institute, Bangkok, 10210, Thailand
| | - C Roland Wolf
- Department of Systems Medicine. School of Medicine. University of Dundee, Ninewells Hospital, Dundee, DD1 9SY, UK
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6
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Zhang ZH, Hong Q, Zhang ZC, Xing WY, Xu S, Tian QX, Ye QL, Wang H, Yu DX, Xie DD, Xu DX. ROS-mediated genotoxic stress is involved in NaAsO 2-induced cell cycle arrest, stemness enhancement and chemoresistance of prostate cancer cells in a p53-independent manner. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2021; 208:111436. [PMID: 33039867 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2020.111436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2020] [Revised: 09/10/2020] [Accepted: 09/28/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Several epidemiological studies reported that chronic arsenic exposure increased risk of prostate cancer. This study aimed to investigate whether chronic NaAsO2 exposure elevates stemness and chemoresistance in prostate cancer cells. DU145 (wild-type p53) and PC-3 (p53-null) cells were exposed to NaAsO2 (2 μmol/L) for 30 generations. IC50s to docetaxel and cisplatin were increased in NaAsO2-exposed DU145 and PC-3 cells. The number of tumor spheres was elevated in NaAsO2-exposed DU145 and PC-3 cells. Nanog, SOX-2 and ALDH1A1, three markers of cancer stemness, were upregulated in NaAsO2-exposed PC-3 spheres. Moreover, NaAsO2-exposed DU145 and PC-3 cells were arrested in G2/M phase. Histone H2AX phosphorylation on Ser139, an indicator for DNA double-strand break, was upregulated in NaAsO2-exposed DU145 and PC-3 cells. ATM phosphorylation on Ser1981, a key sensor of genotoxic stress, was rapidly elevated in NaAsO2-exposed DU145 cells. Phosphor-p53, a downstream molecule of ATM signaling, and p21, a direct target of p53, were upregulated in NaAsO2-exposed DU145 cells. Unexpectedly, p21 was also elevated in NaAsO2-exposed p53-null PC-3 cells. Antioxidant NAC alleviated NaAsO2-induced ATM phosphorylation, cell cycle arrest, and subsequent stemness enhancement and chemoresistance in both DU145 and PC-3 cells. These results suggest that ROS-mediated genotoxic stress is involved in NaAsO2-induced cell cycle arrest, stemness enhancement and chemoresistance of prostate cancer cells in a p53-independent manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi-Hui Zhang
- Department of Urology, Second Affiliated Hospital, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230601, China
| | - Qian Hong
- Department of Urology, Second Affiliated Hospital, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230601, China
| | - Zhi-Cheng Zhang
- Department of Toxicology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China; Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China
| | - Wei-Yang Xing
- Department of Urology, Second Affiliated Hospital, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230601, China
| | - Shen Xu
- Department of Urology, Second Affiliated Hospital, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230601, China
| | - Qi-Xing Tian
- Department of Urology, Second Affiliated Hospital, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230601, China
| | - Qing-Lin Ye
- Department of Urology, Second Affiliated Hospital, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230601, China
| | - Hua Wang
- Department of Toxicology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China; Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China
| | - De-Xin Yu
- Department of Urology, Second Affiliated Hospital, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230601, China
| | - Dong-Dong Xie
- Department of Urology, Second Affiliated Hospital, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230601, China.
| | - De-Xiang Xu
- Department of Toxicology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China; Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China.
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Liu D, Xu G, Bai C, Gu Y, Wang D, Li B. Differential effects of arsenic species on Nrf2 and Bach1 nuclear localization in cultured hepatocytes. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2021; 413:115404. [PMID: 33434570 DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2021.115404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2020] [Revised: 01/03/2021] [Accepted: 01/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Arsenic is a ubiquitous metalloid element present in both inorganic and organic forms in the environment. The liver is considered to be a primary organ of arsenic biotransformation and methylation, as well as the main target of arsenic toxicity. Studies have confirmed that Chang human hepatocytes have an efficient arsenic methylating capacity. Our previous studies have proven that arsenite activates nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) pathway in hepatocytes. This study aimed to explore the activation of the Nrf2 pathway upon treatment of arsenic in various forms, including inorganic and organic arsenic. Our results showed that inorganic arsenic-both As2O3 and Na2HAsO4 significantly induced the expression of Nrf2 protein and mRNA, enhanced the transcription activity of Nrf2, and induced the expression of downstream target genes. These results confirmed the inorganic arsenic-induced Nrf2 pathway activation in hepatocytes. Although all arsenic chemicals used in the study induced Nrf2 protein accumulation, the organic arsenic C2H7AsO2 did not affect the expression of Nrf2 downstream genes which were elevated by inorganic arsenic exposures. Through qRT-PCR and Nrf2 luciferase reporter assays, we further confirmed that C2H7AsO2 neither increased Nrf2 mRNA level nor activated the Nrf2 transcription activity. Mechanistically, our results confirmed inorganic arsenic-induced both the nuclear import of Nrf2 and export of Bach1 (BTB and CNC homology 1), which is an Nrf2 transcriptional repressor, while organic arsenic only induced Nrf2 translocation. The unique pattern of Nrf2 regulation by organic arsenic underlines the critical role of Nrf2 and Bach1 in the arsenic toxicology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Liu
- Environment and Non-Communicable Disease Research Center, Key Laboratory of Arsenic-related Biological Effects and Prevention and Treatment in Liaoning Province, School of Public Health, China Medical University, Shenyang, PR China; Key Laboratory of Health Ministry for Congenital Malformation, Shengjing Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang, PR China
| | - Guowei Xu
- Environment and Non-Communicable Disease Research Center, Key Laboratory of Arsenic-related Biological Effects and Prevention and Treatment in Liaoning Province, School of Public Health, China Medical University, Shenyang, PR China
| | - Caijun Bai
- Environment and Non-Communicable Disease Research Center, Key Laboratory of Arsenic-related Biological Effects and Prevention and Treatment in Liaoning Province, School of Public Health, China Medical University, Shenyang, PR China
| | - Yuqin Gu
- Environment and Non-Communicable Disease Research Center, Key Laboratory of Arsenic-related Biological Effects and Prevention and Treatment in Liaoning Province, School of Public Health, China Medical University, Shenyang, PR China
| | - Da Wang
- Environment and Non-Communicable Disease Research Center, Key Laboratory of Arsenic-related Biological Effects and Prevention and Treatment in Liaoning Province, School of Public Health, China Medical University, Shenyang, PR China
| | - Bing Li
- Environment and Non-Communicable Disease Research Center, Key Laboratory of Arsenic-related Biological Effects and Prevention and Treatment in Liaoning Province, School of Public Health, China Medical University, Shenyang, PR China.
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8
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Chiang S, Huang MLH, Park KC, Richardson DR. Antioxidant defense mechanisms and its dysfunctional regulation in the mitochondrial disease, Friedreich's ataxia. Free Radic Biol Med 2020; 159:177-188. [PMID: 32739593 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2020.07.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2020] [Revised: 07/12/2020] [Accepted: 07/13/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Redox stress is associated with the pathogenesis of a wide variety of disease states. This can be amplified potentially through redox active iron deposits in oxidatively active organelles such as the mitochondrion. There are a number of disease states, including Friedreich's ataxia (FA) and sideroblastic anemia, where iron metabolism is dysregulated and leads to mitochondrial iron accumulation. Considering FA, which is due to the decreased expression of the mitochondrial protein, frataxin, this iron accumulation does not occur within protective storage proteins such as mitochondrial ferritin. Instead, it forms unbound biomineral aggregates composed of high spin iron(III), phosphorous and sulfur, which probably contributes to the observed redox stress. There is also a dysregulated response to the ensuing redox assault, as the master regulator of oxidative stress, nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor-2 (Nrf2), demonstrates marked down-regulation. The dysfunctional response of Nrf2 in FA is due to multiple mechanisms including: (1) up-regulation of Keap1 that is involved in Nrf2 degradation; (2) activation of the nuclear Nrf2 export/degradation machinery via glycogen synthase kinase-3β (Gsk3β) signaling; and (3) inhibited nuclear translocation of Nrf2. More recently, increased microRNA (miRNA) 144 expression has been demonstrated to down-regulate Nrf2 in several disease states, including an animal model of FA. Other miRNAs have also demonstrated to be dysregulated upon frataxin depletion in vivo in humans and animal models of FA. Collectively, frataxin depletion results in multiple, complex responses that lead to detrimental redox effects that could contribute to the mechanisms involved in the pathogenesis of FA.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Chiang
- Molecular Pharmacology and Pathology Program, Department of Pathology and Bosch Institute, Medical Foundation Building (K25), University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, 2006, Australia
| | - M L H Huang
- Molecular Pharmacology and Pathology Program, Department of Pathology and Bosch Institute, Medical Foundation Building (K25), University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, 2006, Australia
| | - K C Park
- Molecular Pharmacology and Pathology Program, Department of Pathology and Bosch Institute, Medical Foundation Building (K25), University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, 2006, Australia
| | - D R Richardson
- Molecular Pharmacology and Pathology Program, Department of Pathology and Bosch Institute, Medical Foundation Building (K25), University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, 2006, Australia; Department of Pathology and Biological Responses, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya 466-8550, Japan; Centre for Cancer Cell Biology, Griffith Institute for Drug Discovery, Griffith University, Nathan, Brisbane, Queensland, 4111, Australia.
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Wada S, Kanzaki H, Katsumata Y, Yamaguchi Y, Narimiya T, Attucks OC, Nakamura Y, Tomonari H. Bach1 Inhibition Suppresses Osteoclastogenesis via Reduction of the Signaling via Reactive Oxygen Species by Reinforced Antioxidation. Front Cell Dev Biol 2020; 8:740. [PMID: 32850850 PMCID: PMC7417670 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2020.00740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2020] [Accepted: 07/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Bone destructive diseases such as periodontitis are common worldwide and are caused by excessive osteoclast formation and activation. Receptor activator of nuclear factor-κB ligand (RANKL) is essential factor for osteoclastogenesis. This triggers reactive oxygen species (ROS), which has a key role in intracellular signaling as well exerting cytotoxicity. Cells have protective mechanisms against ROS, such as nuclear factor E2-related factor 2 (Nrf2), which controls the expression of many antioxidant enzyme genes. Conversely, BTB and CNC homology 1 (Bach1), a competitor for Nrf2, transcriptionally represses the expression of anti-oxidant enzymes. Previously, we demonstrated that RANKL induces Bach1 nuclear import and attenuates the expression of Nrf2-mediated antioxidant enzymes, thereby augmenting intracellular ROS signaling and osteoclastogenesis. However, it remains unknown if Bach1 inhibitors attenuate osteoclastogenesis. In this study, we hypothesized that Bach1 inhibition would exert an anti-osteoclastogenic effects via diminishing of intracellular ROS signaling through augmented antioxidation. We used RAW 264.7 cells as osteoclast progenitor cells. Using flow cytometry, we found that Bach1 inhibitors attenuated RANKL-mediated ROS generation, which resulted in the inhibition of osteoclastogenesis. Local injection of a Bach1 inhibitor into the calvaria of male BALB/c mice blocked bone destruction induced by lipopolysaccharide. In conclusion, we demonstrate that Bach1 inhibitor attenuates RANKL-mediated osteoclastogenesis and bone destruction in mice by inducing the expression of Nrf2-regulated antioxidant enzymes that consequently decrease intracellular ROS levels. Bach1 inhibitors have potential in inhibiting bone destructive diseases such as periodontitis, rheumatoid arthritis and osteoporosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satoshi Wada
- Department of Orthodontics, School of Dental Medicine, Tsurumi University, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Kanzaki
- Department of Orthodontics, School of Dental Medicine, Tsurumi University, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Yuta Katsumata
- Department of Orthodontics, School of Dental Medicine, Tsurumi University, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Yuuki Yamaguchi
- Department of Orthodontics, School of Dental Medicine, Tsurumi University, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Tsuyoshi Narimiya
- Department of Orthodontics, School of Dental Medicine, Tsurumi University, Yokohama, Japan
| | | | - Yoshiki Nakamura
- Department of Orthodontics, School of Dental Medicine, Tsurumi University, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Tomonari
- Department of Orthodontics, School of Dental Medicine, Tsurumi University, Yokohama, Japan
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A Systematic Review of the Various Effect of Arsenic on Glutathione Synthesis In Vitro and In Vivo. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2020; 2020:9414196. [PMID: 32802886 PMCID: PMC7411465 DOI: 10.1155/2020/9414196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2020] [Accepted: 06/29/2020] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Background Arsenic is a toxic metalloid widely present in nature, and arsenic poisoning in drinking water is a serious global public problem. Glutathione is an important reducing agent that inhibits arsenic-induced oxidative stress and participates in arsenic methylation metabolism. Therefore, glutathione plays an important role in regulating arsenic toxicity. In recent years, a large number of studies have shown that arsenic can regulate glutathione synthesis in many ways, but there are many contradictions in the research results. At present, the mechanism of the effect of arsenic on glutathione synthesis has not been elucidated. Objective We will conduct a meta-analysis to illustrate the effects of arsenic on GSH synthesis precursors Glu, Cys, Gly, and rate-limiting enzyme γ-GCS in mammalian models, as well as the regulation of p38/Nrf2 of γ-GCS subunit GCLC, and further explore the molecular mechanism of arsenic affecting glutathione synthesis. Results This meta-analysis included 30 studies in vivo and 58 studies in vitro, among which in vivo studies showed that arsenic exposure could reduce the contents of GSH (SMD = -2.86, 95% CI (-4.45, -1.27)), Glu (SMD = -1.11, 95% CI (-2.20,-0.02)), and Cys (SMD = -1.48, 95% CI (-2.63, -0.33)), with no statistically significant difference in p38/Nrf2, GCLC, and GCLM. In vitro studies showed that arsenic exposure increased intracellular GSH content (SMD = 1.87, 95% CI (0.18, 3.56)) and promoted the expression of p-p38 (SMD = 4.19, 95% CI (2.34, 6.05)), Nrf2 (SMD = 4.60, 95% CI (2.34, 6.86)), and GCLC (SMD = 1.32, 95% CI (0.23, 2.41)); the p38 inhibitor inhibited the expression of Nrf2 (SMD = -1.27, 95% CI (-2.46, -0.09)) and GCLC (SMD = -5.37, 95% CI (-5.37, -2.20)); siNrf2 inhibited the expression of GCLC, and BSO inhibited the synthesis of GSH. There is a dose-dependent relationship between the effects of exposure on GSH in vitro. Conclusions. These indicate the difference between in vivo and in vitro studies of the effect of arsenic on glutathione synthesis. In vivo studies have shown that arsenic exposure can reduce glutamate and cysteine levels and inhibit glutathione synthesis, while in vitro studies have shown that chronic low-dose arsenic exposure can activate the p38/Nrf2 pathway, upregulate GCLC expression, and promote glutathione synthesis.
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Lactobacillus plantarum LP33 attenuates Pb-induced hepatic injury in rats by reducing oxidative stress and inflammation and promoting Pb excretion. Food Chem Toxicol 2020; 143:111533. [PMID: 32645464 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2020.111533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2020] [Revised: 06/07/2020] [Accepted: 06/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Lead (Pb) is one of the most common heavy metals and is harmful to human health. The liver is considered as a major target organ for Pb poisoning. Although probiotics have been shown to alleviate liver injury, the protective effect of Lactobacillus plantarum LP33 (LP33) against Pb-induced hepatotoxicity remains unclear. In order to explore the hepatoprotective effect of LP33, LP33 was administered to Pb-intoxicated Sprague-Dawley rats once daily by oral gavage for 8 weeks. The present results showed that LP33 supplementation alleviated liver injury, and inhibited oxidative stress and inflammation in Pb-exposed rats. Treatment with LP33 also promoted the phosphorylation of adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase and protein kinase B, activated nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 signaling and inhibited the activation of nuclear factor-κB signaling in liver tissues of rats exposed to Pb. Additionally, LP33 exhibited adequate Pb-binding capacity and satisfactory survival under simulated gastrointestinal conditions in vitro, and promoted Pb excretion via enterohepatic circulation of bile acids. This study demonstrated that LP33 reduced Pb-induced oxidative stress and inflammation and promoted Pb excretion, thereby attenuating the Pb-induced hepatic injury. Our findings suggest that LP33 supplementation may be a potential strategy for the treatment of Pb-induced hepatic toxicity.
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12
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Liu Y, Liang Y, Zheng B, Chu L, Ma D, Wang H, Chu X, Zhang J. Protective Effects of Crocetin on Arsenic Trioxide-Induced Hepatic Injury: Involvement of Suppression in Oxidative Stress and Inflammation Through Activation of Nrf2 Signaling Pathway in Rats. DRUG DESIGN DEVELOPMENT AND THERAPY 2020; 14:1921-1931. [PMID: 32546959 PMCID: PMC7245440 DOI: 10.2147/dddt.s247947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2020] [Accepted: 04/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Purpose Arsenic trioxide (ATO) has been shown to induce hepatic injury. Crocetin is a primary constituent of saffron, which has been verified to have antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects. In the current experiment, we evaluated the efficacy of crocetin against ATO-induced hepatic injury and explored the potential molecular mechanisms in rats. Methods Rats were pretreated with 25 or 50 mg/kg crocetin 6 h prior to treating with 5 mg/kg ATO to induce hepatic injury daily for 7 days. Results Treatment with crocetin attenuated ATO-induced body weight loss, decreases in food and water consumption, and improved ATO-induced hepatic pathological damage. Crocetin significantly inhibited ATO-induced alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) increases. Crocetin prevented ATO-induced liver malondialdehyde (MDA) and reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels. Crocetin abrogated the ATO-induced decrease of catalase (CAT) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity. Crocetin was found to significantly restore the protein levels of interleukin 6 (IL-6), interleukin 1β (IL-1β), and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α). Furthermore, crocetin promoted the expression of nuclear factor erythroid 2 related factor 2 (Nrf2), heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1), and NADP(H): quinone oxidoreductase 1 (NQO1). Conclusion These findings suggest that crocetin ameliorates ATO-induced hepatic injury in rats. In addition, the effect of crocetin might be related to its role in antioxidant stress, as an anti-inflammatory agent, and in regulating the Nrf2 signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanshuang Liu
- Department of Diagnostics, School of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, 050200, People's Republic of China.,Hebei Key Laboratory of Integrative Medicine on Liver-Kidney Patterns, Shijiazhuang 050200, Hebei, People's Republic of China
| | - Yingran Liang
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, 050200, People's Republic of China
| | - Bin Zheng
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, 050200, People's Republic of China
| | - Li Chu
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, 050200, People's Republic of China
| | - Donglai Ma
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, 050200, People's Republic of China
| | - Hongfang Wang
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, 050200, People's Republic of China
| | - Xi Chu
- Department of Pharmacy, The Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, 050011, People's Republic of China
| | - Jianping Zhang
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Integrative Medicine on Liver-Kidney Patterns, Shijiazhuang 050200, Hebei, People's Republic of China.,Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medicine, Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, 050200, People's Republic of China
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Zhou J, Zhang X, Tang H, Yu J, Zu X, Xie Z, Yang X, Hu J, Tan F, Li Q, Lei X. Nuclear factor erythroid 2 (NF-E2)-related factor 2 (Nrf2) in autophagy-induced hepatocellular carcinoma. Clin Chim Acta 2020; 506:1-8. [PMID: 32109431 DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2020.02.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2020] [Revised: 02/22/2020] [Accepted: 02/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Autophagy, an evolutionarily conserved catabolic process, is the most important pathogenic events in the development and progression of liver diseases. Deregulation of Nrf2 is proposed to play a key pathogenic role in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Under certain pathophysiological conditions, such as oxidative stress, impaired autophagy is accompanied by the Nrf2 activation that leads to the detrimental effects favoring the proliferation and survival of HCC. Elucidating its role and potential mechanism is essential for understanding tumorigenesis and the development of effective clinical application. Nrf2 is participated in HCC proliferation, migration and invasion through autophagy pathways. These includes the negatively regulated-Nrf2 by Keap1 that participates in HCC tumorigenesis via regulating ROS production, in which autophagy may contribute to oxidant metabolic reprogramming of HCC cells. Post-transcriptional modifications, such as phosphorylation and ubiquitination of Nrf2, can be positively or negatively induced by multiple transcription factors. Nrf2 exhibits chemoresistance through its binding sites in the promoter region of the target genes. Nrf2 may be a valuable potential biomarker and therapeutic strategy for diagnostics, prognostics and treatment of HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Zhou
- Hunan Province Cooperative Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study, Institute of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, Key Laboratory of Tumor Microenvironment Response Drug Research, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, PR China
| | - Xinxin Zhang
- Hunan Province Cooperative Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study, Institute of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, Key Laboratory of Tumor Microenvironment Response Drug Research, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, PR China
| | - Huifang Tang
- The First Affiliated Hospital of University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, PR China
| | - Jia Yu
- Hunan Province Cooperative Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study, Institute of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, Key Laboratory of Tumor Microenvironment Response Drug Research, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, PR China
| | - Xuyu Zu
- The First Affiliated Hospital of University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, PR China
| | - Zhizhong Xie
- Hunan Province Cooperative Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study, Institute of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, Key Laboratory of Tumor Microenvironment Response Drug Research, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, PR China
| | - Xiaoyan Yang
- Hunan Province Cooperative Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study, Institute of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, Key Laboratory of Tumor Microenvironment Response Drug Research, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, PR China
| | - Juan Hu
- Hunan Province Cooperative Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study, Institute of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, Key Laboratory of Tumor Microenvironment Response Drug Research, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, PR China
| | - Fang Tan
- Hunan Province Cooperative Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study, Institute of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, Key Laboratory of Tumor Microenvironment Response Drug Research, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, PR China
| | - Qing Li
- Hunan Province Cooperative Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study, Institute of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, Key Laboratory of Tumor Microenvironment Response Drug Research, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, PR China
| | - Xiaoyong Lei
- Hunan Province Cooperative Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study, Institute of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, Key Laboratory of Tumor Microenvironment Response Drug Research, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, PR China.
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Iuchi K, Tasaki Y, Shirai S, Hisatomi H. Upregulation of nuclear factor (erythroid-derived 2)-like 2 protein level in the human colorectal adenocarcinoma cell line DLD-1 by a heterocyclic organobismuth(III) compound: Effect of organobismuth(III) compound on NRF2 signaling. Biomed Pharmacother 2020; 125:109928. [PMID: 32004978 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2020.109928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2019] [Revised: 12/09/2019] [Accepted: 12/18/2019] [Indexed: 02/09/2023] Open
Abstract
An increasing number of metal-based compounds, including arsenic trioxide, auranofin, and cisplatin, have been reported to have antitumor activity. Their beneficial effects are controlled by a transcription factor, nuclear factor (erythroid-derived 2)-like 2 (NRF2). In response to oxidative stress, NRF2 induces the expression of cytoprotective genes. NRF2 protein levels are regulated by Kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1 (KEAP1) via ubiquitination. Bi-chlorodibenzo[c,f][1,5]thiabismocine (compound 3), a bismuth compound, is known for its potent anti-proliferative activity against various cancer cell lines. In the present study, we investigated the effect of compound 3 on NRF2 signaling in the human colorectal adenocarcinoma cell line DLD-1 in terms of cell viability as well as mRNA and protein expression levels of NRF2. Compound 3 upregulated NRF2 protein levels in a time- and concentration-dependent manner, accompanied by a marked increase in heme-oxygenase-1 (HO-1) mRNA and protein levels. We observed that brusatol, an NRF2 inhibitor, as well as small interfering RNA (siRNA)-mediated knockdown of NRF2 in DLD-1 cells suppressed compound 3-induced HO-1 expression. The anticancer activity of compound 3 was enhanced by compounds that downregulate NRF2. These results suggest that compound 3 upregulates HO-1 via NRF2 activation and that the NRF2-HO-1 pathway is the cellular response to compound 3. We also discovered that compound 3 slightly downregulated KEAP1; thus, NRF2 activation may be associated with KEAP1 modification. Collectively, our results indicate that compound 3 simultaneously activates an anti-oxidative stress pathway, such as NRF2 and HO-1, and a pro-cell death signal in DLD-1 cells. Our findings may provide useful information for the development of a potent anticancer organobismuth(III) compound.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katsuya Iuchi
- Department of Materials and Life Science, Faculty of Science and Technology, Seikei University, 3-3-1 Kichijojikitamachi, Musashino-shi, Tokyo, 180-8633, Japan.
| | - Yuji Tasaki
- Department of Materials and Life Science, Faculty of Science and Technology, Seikei University, 3-3-1 Kichijojikitamachi, Musashino-shi, Tokyo, 180-8633, Japan
| | - Sayo Shirai
- Department of Materials and Life Science, Faculty of Science and Technology, Seikei University, 3-3-1 Kichijojikitamachi, Musashino-shi, Tokyo, 180-8633, Japan
| | - Hisashi Hisatomi
- Department of Materials and Life Science, Faculty of Science and Technology, Seikei University, 3-3-1 Kichijojikitamachi, Musashino-shi, Tokyo, 180-8633, Japan
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Zeng Z, Wang ZY, Li YK, Ye DM, Zeng J, Hu JL, Chen PF, Xiao J, Zou J, Li ZH. Nuclear factor erythroid 2 (NF-E2)-related factor 2 (Nrf2) in non-small cell lung cancer. Life Sci 2020; 254:117325. [PMID: 31954159 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2020.117325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2019] [Revised: 01/10/2020] [Accepted: 01/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Nuclear factor erythroid 2 (NF-E2)-related factor 2 (Nrf2) is a transcription factor that can regulate downstream target gene expression. Kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1 (Keap1) negatively regulates Nrf2 activation and translocation to target its 26S proteasomal degradation. It has been widely reported that the Keap1/Nrf2 pathway is associated with tumorigenesis, chemotherapy resistance and progression and development of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). High expression of Nrf2 and low abundance of Keap1 contribute to the abnormalities and unrealistic treatment prognosis of NSCLC. Therefore, elucidating the role and potential mechanism of Nrf2 in NSCLC is essential for understanding tumorigenesis and for the development of strategies for effective clinical management. Here, we summarize current knowledge about the molecular structure and biological function of Nrf2, and we discuss the roles of Nrf2 in tumorigenesis, which will further provide a possible therapeutic strategy for NSCLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi Zeng
- Department of Pathology, Xianning Central Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hubei University of Science and Technology, Xianning 437000, PR China
| | - Zi-Yao Wang
- Ultrasound B Imaging Division, The First Affiliated Hospital of University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, PR China
| | - Yu-Kun Li
- Hunan Province Key Laboratory of Tumor Cellular & Molecular Pathology, Cancer Research Institute, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, PR China
| | - Dong-Mei Ye
- Hunan Province Key Laboratory of Tumor Cellular & Molecular Pathology, Cancer Research Institute, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, PR China
| | - Juan Zeng
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, PR China
| | - Jia-Li Hu
- Department of Pathology, Jiujiang University Clinic College Hospital, Jiujiang, Jiangxi 332000, PR China
| | - Pi-Feng Chen
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Jiujiang Maternal and Child Health Hospital, Jiujiang, Jiangxi 332000, PR China
| | - Jiao Xiao
- Department of Endocrinology, The Affiliated Nanhua Hospital, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421002, PR China
| | - Juan Zou
- Hunan Province Key Laboratory of Tumor Cellular & Molecular Pathology, Cancer Research Institute, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, PR China.
| | - Zhen-Hua Li
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Xianning Central Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hubei University of Science and Technology, Xianning 437000, PR China.
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16
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Sun Q, Sha W, Liu HP, Wang P, Liu ZB, Sun WW, Xiao HP. Genetic Polymorphisms in Antioxidant Enzymes Modulate the Susceptibility of Idiosyncratic Antituberculous Drug-Induced Liver Injury and Treatment Outcomes in Patients with Tuberculosis. Pharmacotherapy 2019; 40:4-16. [PMID: 31742742 DOI: 10.1002/phar.2349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The pathogenic mechanism of antituberculous drug-induced liver injury (ATDILI) is associated with antioxidant enzymes. The objective of the present study was to investigate the associations of ATDILI susceptibility with genetic polymorphisms of antioxidant enzyme genes including nitric oxide synthase 2 (NOS2), thioredoxin reductase 1 (TXNRD1), superoxide dismutase 2 (SOD2), BTB domain and CNC homolog 1 (BACH1), and MAF bZIP transcription factor K (MAFK). METHODS Thirty tag single nucleotide polymorphisms (tag-SNPs) from the all candidate genes were genotyped in a 2-stage cohort study including an initial discovery stage with 461 ATDILI patients and 466 controls and a replication stage with 216 ATDILI patients and 432 controls. The frequencies and distributions of genotypes and haplotypes were compared between the case and control groups. Three different genetic models including dominant, recessive, and additive models were used to determine the associations with susceptibility to ATDILI. RESULTS The SNPs rs9906835, rs944725, and rs3794764 of the NOS2 gene were significantly associated with an increased risk of ATDILI. The MAFK rs3735656 SNP was significantly associated with a decreased risk for ATDILI. The AAA haplotype of the NOS2 gene was associated with susceptibility to ATDILI. The treatment outcomes of patients with tuberculosis were further affected by genetic variants of the NOS2 and MAFK genes. CONCLUSIONS Genetic polymorphisms of NOS2 and MAFK are associated with ATDILI susceptibility in Chinese patients with tuberculosis. The variants in NOS2 and MAFK affect treatment outcomes of tuberculosis patients. Further studies are needed to better understand the molecular mechanisms of ATDILI susceptibility via regulation of the expression of ATDILI-susceptibility genes and proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qin Sun
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Tuberculosis, Clinic and Research Center of Tuberculosis, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Wei Sha
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Tuberculosis, Clinic and Research Center of Tuberculosis, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Hai-Peng Liu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Tuberculosis, Clinic and Research Center of Tuberculosis, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Peng Wang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Tuberculosis, Clinic and Research Center of Tuberculosis, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhi-Bin Liu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Tuberculosis, Clinic and Research Center of Tuberculosis, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Wen-Wen Sun
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Tuberculosis, Clinic and Research Center of Tuberculosis, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - He-Ping Xiao
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Tuberculosis, Clinic and Research Center of Tuberculosis, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
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Ji S, Xiong Y, Zhao X, Liu Y, Yu LQ. Effect of the Nrf2-ARE signaling pathway on biological characteristics and sensitivity to sunitinib in renal cell carcinoma. Oncol Lett 2019; 17:5175-5186. [PMID: 31186733 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2019.10156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2018] [Accepted: 01/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to examine the effects of the nuclear factor erythroid-2 related factor 2-antioxidant-responsive element (Nrf2-ARE) signaling pathway on the biological characteristics and sensitivity to targeted therapy in human renal cell carcinoma (RCC) cells. RCC tissues and adjacent tissues were collected and assessed by immunohistochemistry to determine the expression of Nrf2, NAD(P)H dehydrogenase [quinone] 1 (NQO1) and heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) to analyze the clinicopathological features of RCC. A series of in vitro experiments were conducted to analyze the biological characteristics of Nrf2-ARE signaling in RCC. The renal cancer cell line, 786-0 was used, and cells was divided into a mock group, negative control group and small hairpin (sh)RNA-Nrf2 group. A Cell Counting Kit-8 assay was performed alongside flow cytometry to detect cell viability, cell cycle stage and apoptosis following treatment with sunitinib. The results demonstrated that Nrf2, NQO1 and HO-1 were significantly upregulated in RCC tissues compared with adjacent tissues and were associated with tumor node metastasis stage, Fuhrman classification and lymph node metastasis. Following shRNA-Nrf2 transfection, the 786-0 cells demonstrated a significant decrease in viability, cell invasion and scratch healing rate, and the mRNA and protein expression levels of Nrf2, NQO1, HO-1 and glutathione transferase were significantly decreased, which enhanced the sensitivity to sunitinib, arrested cells in the G0/G1 phase and increased apoptosis. In conclusion, Nrf2-ARE signaling is important for RCC progression, and its inhibition may increase sensitivity to targeted drugs to provide novel developments for RCC treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiliang Ji
- Department of Pharmacy, Suzhou Science and Technology Town Hospital, The Affiliated Suzhou Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215153, P.R. China
| | - Yufeng Xiong
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Guangdong Women and Children Health Hospital, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510000, P.R. China
| | - Xingxing Zhao
- Department of Neonatology, Suzhou Municipal Hospital, The Affiliated Suzhou Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215000, P.R. China
| | - Yanli Liu
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, P.R. China
| | - Li Qiang Yu
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215000, P.R. China
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Renaud CO, Ziros PG, Chartoumpekis DV, Bongiovanni M, Sykiotis GP. Keap1/Nrf2 Signaling: A New Player in Thyroid Pathophysiology and Thyroid Cancer. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2019; 10:510. [PMID: 31428048 PMCID: PMC6687762 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2019.00510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2019] [Accepted: 07/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The Keap1/Nrf2 pathway is a key mediator of general redox and tissue-specific homeostasis. It also exerts a dual role in cancer, by preventing cell transformation of normal cells but promoting aggressiveness, and drug resistance of malignant ones. Although Nrf2 is well-studied in other tissues, its roles in the thyroid gland are only recently emerging. This review focuses on the involvement of Keap1/Nrf2 signaling in thyroid physiology, and pathophysiology in general, and particularly in thyroid cancer. Studies in mice and cultured follicular cells have shown that, under physiological conditions, Nrf2 coordinates antioxidant defenses, directly increases thyroglobulin production and inhibits its iodination. Increased Nrf2 pathway activation has been reported in two independent families with multinodular goiters due to germline loss-of-function mutations in KEAP1. Nrf2 pathway activation has also been documented in papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC), due to somatic mutations, or epigenetic modifications in KEAP1, or other pathway components. In PTC, such Nrf2-activating KEAP1 mutations have been associated with tumor aggressiveness. Furthermore, polymorphisms in the prototypical Nrf2 target genes NQO1 and NQO2 have been associated with extra-thyroidal extension and metastasis. More recently, mutations in the Nrf2 pathway have also been found in Hürthle-cell (oncocytic) thyroid carcinoma. Finally, in in vitro, and in vivo models of poorly-differentiated, and undifferentiated (anaplastic) thyroid carcinoma, Nrf2 activation has been associated with resistance to experimental molecularly-targeted therapy. Thus, Keap1/Nrf2 signaling is involved in both benign and malignant thyroid conditions, where it might serve as a prognostic marker or therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cedric O. Renaud
- Service of Endocrinology, Diabetology and Metabolism, Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Panos G. Ziros
- Service of Endocrinology, Diabetology and Metabolism, Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Dionysios V. Chartoumpekis
- Service of Endocrinology, Diabetology and Metabolism, Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Patras, Patras, Greece
| | - Massimo Bongiovanni
- Service of Clinical Pathology, Institute of Pathology, Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Gerasimos P. Sykiotis
- Service of Endocrinology, Diabetology and Metabolism, Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
- *Correspondence: Gerasimos P. Sykiotis
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Liu D, Xue J, Liu Y, Gu H, Wei X, Ma W, Luo W, Ma L, Jia S, Dong N, Huang J, Wang Y, Yuan Z. Inhibition of NRF2 signaling and increased reactive oxygen species during embryogenesis in a rat model of retinoic acid-induced neural tube defects. Neurotoxicology 2018; 69:84-92. [PMID: 30267739 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuro.2018.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2017] [Revised: 08/31/2018] [Accepted: 09/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Exposure to retinoic acid (RA) during pregnancy increases the risk of serious neural tube defects (NTDs) in the developing fetus. The precise molecular mechanism for this process is unclear; however, RA is associated with oxidative stress mediated by reactive oxygen species. Nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (NRF2) is a master regulator of oxidative stress that directs the expression of antioxidant genes and detoxifying proteins to maintain redox homeostasis. We established a rat model of NTDs in which pregnant dams were administered all-trans (at)RA on gestational day 10, and oxidative stress levels and the spatiotemporal expression of NRF2 and its downstream targets were examined in the resulting embryos and in maternal blood. In the NTD group, total antioxidative capacity decreased and 8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine increased in maternal serum and fetal spinal cord tissues. Plasma GSH content, the GSH/GSSG ratio, and glutathione peroxidase activity in fetal spinal cords were lower in the NTD group relative to controls. We detected NRF2 protein reduction and concomitant upregulation of Kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1 (KEAP1) - a cytoplasmic inhibitor of NRF2 - in the NTD group. The mRNA and protein levels of downstream targets of NRF2 were downregulated in the spinal cords of NTD embryos. These data demonstrate substantial oxidative stress and NRF2 signaling pathway disruption in a model of NTDs induced by atRA. The inhibitory effects of atRA on NRF2 signaling may lower cellular defenses against RA-induced oxidative stress and could play important roles in NTD occurrence during embryonic development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Liu
- Key Laboratory of Health Ministry for Congenital Malformation, Shengjing Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang, PR China
| | - Jia Xue
- Key Laboratory of Health Ministry for Congenital Malformation, Shengjing Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang, PR China
| | - Yusi Liu
- Key Laboratory of Health Ministry for Congenital Malformation, Shengjing Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang, PR China
| | - Hui Gu
- Key Laboratory of Health Ministry for Congenital Malformation, Shengjing Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang, PR China
| | - Xiaowei Wei
- Key Laboratory of Health Ministry for Congenital Malformation, Shengjing Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang, PR China
| | - Wei Ma
- Key Laboratory of Health Ministry for Congenital Malformation, Shengjing Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang, PR China
| | - Wenting Luo
- Key Laboratory of Health Ministry for Congenital Malformation, Shengjing Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang, PR China
| | - Ling Ma
- Key Laboratory of Health Ministry for Congenital Malformation, Shengjing Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang, PR China
| | - Shanshan Jia
- Key Laboratory of Health Ministry for Congenital Malformation, Shengjing Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang, PR China
| | - Naixuan Dong
- Key Laboratory of Health Ministry for Congenital Malformation, Shengjing Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang, PR China
| | - Jieting Huang
- Key Laboratory of Health Ministry for Congenital Malformation, Shengjing Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang, PR China
| | - Yanfu Wang
- Key Laboratory of Health Ministry for Congenital Malformation, Shengjing Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang, PR China
| | - Zhengwei Yuan
- Key Laboratory of Health Ministry for Congenital Malformation, Shengjing Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang, PR China.
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20
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Linetsky M, Bondelid KS, Losovskiy S, Gabyak V, Rullo MJ, Stiadle TI, Munjapara V, Saxena P, Ma D, Cheng YS, Howes AM, Udeigwe E, Salomon RG. 4-Hydroxy-7-oxo-5-heptenoic Acid Lactone Is a Potent Inducer of the Complement Pathway in Human Retinal Pigmented Epithelial Cells. Chem Res Toxicol 2018; 31:666-679. [PMID: 29883119 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrestox.8b00028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
We previously discovered that oxidative cleavage of docosahexaenoate (DHA), which is especially abundant in the retinal photoreceptor rod outer segments and retinal pigmented endothelial (RPE) cells, generates 4-hydroxy-7-oxo-5-heptenoate (HOHA) lactone, and that HOHA lactone can enter RPE cells that metabolize it through conjugation with glutathione (GSH). The consequent depletion of GSH results in oxidative stress. We now find that HOHA lactone induces upregulation of the antioxidant transcription factor Nrf2 in ARPE-19 cells. This leads to expression of GCLM, HO1, and NQO1, three known Nrf2-responsive antioxidant genes. Besides this protective response, HOHA lactone also triggers a countervailing inflammatory activation of innate immunity. Evidence for a contribution of the complement pathway to age-related macular degeneration (AMD) pathology includes the presence of complement proteins in drusen and Bruch's membrane from AMD donor eyes, and the identification of genetic susceptibility loci for AMD in the complement pathway. In eye tissues from a mouse model of AMD, accumulation of complement protein in Bruch's membrane below the RPE suggested that the complement pathway targets this interface, where lesions occur in the RPE and photoreceptor rod outer segments. In animal models of AMD, intravenous injection of NaIO3 to induce oxidative injury selectively destroys the RPE and causes secretion of factor C3 from the RPE into areas directly adjacent to sites of RPE damage. However, a molecular-level link between oxidative injury and complement activation remained elusive. We now find that sub-micromolar concentrations of HOHA lactone foster expression of C3, CFB, and C5 in ARPE-19 cells and induce a countervailing upregulation of CD55, an inhibitor of C3 convertase production and complement cascade amplification. Ultimately, HOHA lactone causes membrane attack complex formation on the plasma membrane. Thus, HOHA lactone provides a molecular-level connection between free-radical-induced oxidative cleavage of DHA and activation of the complement pathway in AMD pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mikhail Linetsky
- Department of Chemistry , Case Western Reserve University , Cleveland , Ohio 44106 , United States
| | - Karina S Bondelid
- Department of Biochemistry , Case Western Reserve University , Cleveland , Ohio 44106 , United States
| | - Sofiya Losovskiy
- Department of Chemistry , Cleveland State University , Cleveland , Ohio 44115 , United States
| | - Vadym Gabyak
- Department of Biological, Geological, and Environmental Sciences , Cleveland State University , Cleveland , Ohio 44115 , United States
| | - Mario J Rullo
- Department of Biochemistry , Case Western Reserve University , Cleveland , Ohio 44106 , United States
| | - Thomas I Stiadle
- Department of Chemistry , Case Western Reserve University , Cleveland , Ohio 44106 , United States
| | - Vasu Munjapara
- Department of Biochemistry , Case Western Reserve University , Cleveland , Ohio 44106 , United States
| | - Priyali Saxena
- Department of Biochemistry , Case Western Reserve University , Cleveland , Ohio 44106 , United States
| | - Duoming Ma
- Department of Chemistry , Case Western Reserve University , Cleveland , Ohio 44106 , United States
| | - Yu-Shiuan Cheng
- Department of Chemistry , Case Western Reserve University , Cleveland , Ohio 44106 , United States
| | - Andrew M Howes
- Department of Biochemistry , Case Western Reserve University , Cleveland , Ohio 44106 , United States
| | - Emeka Udeigwe
- Department of Chemistry , Case Western Reserve University , Cleveland , Ohio 44106 , United States
| | - Robert G Salomon
- Department of Chemistry , Case Western Reserve University , Cleveland , Ohio 44106 , United States.,Department of Ophthalmology & Visual Sciences , Case Western Reserve University , Cleveland , Ohio 44106 , United States
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21
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Sarkar N, Sinha D. Epigallocatechin-3-gallate partially restored redox homeostasis in arsenite-stressed keratinocytes. J Appl Toxicol 2018; 38:1071-1080. [PMID: 29572906 DOI: 10.1002/jat.3616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2018] [Revised: 02/02/2018] [Accepted: 02/02/2018] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Arsenite (AsIII) is known for inducing severe oxidative stress and skin carcinogenesis. Contrastingly, phytochemical, epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG) combats toxic insults. Our study focused on the effect of EGCG on redox status of AsIII-stressed normal human keratinocytes, HaCaT cells. EGCG (50 μm) increased the cell viability by 29% in AsIII (50 μm) insulted HaCaT cells but exhibited pro-oxidant activity by elevated expression of the oxidative stress markers. EGCG was effective not only in reducing AsIII-induced nuclear expression of Nrf2 and Nrf2Ser40 but also in increasing nuclear expression of Keap1 both at protein and mRNA level. EGCG did not have similar effects on all Nrf2 downstream targets. EGCG elevated expression of HO-1 and γ-GCL,showed no change in MRP1 but decreased superoxide dismutase, NAD(P)H dehydrogenase quinone 1 and glutathione S transferase activity in AsIII-treated HaCaT cells. EGCG along with AsIII caused decreased phosphorylation of Nrf2 at ser40 residue, which might have facilitated Keap1-mediated nuclear export and degradation of Nrf2 and paved the pro-survival signal for AsIII-insulted HaCaT cells. In conclusion, it might be indicated that EGCG in spite of inducing the pro-oxidant effect was effective in increasing the viability of AsIII-treated HaCaT cells by partially restoring the Nrf2/Keap1-mediated signaling axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nivedita Sarkar
- Department of Receptor Biology and Tumor Metastasis, Chittaranjan National Cancer Institute, 37, S.P. Mukherjee Road, Kolkata, 700026, India
| | - Dona Sinha
- Department of Receptor Biology and Tumor Metastasis, Chittaranjan National Cancer Institute, 37, S.P. Mukherjee Road, Kolkata, 700026, India
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22
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Wu J, Zhao YM, Deng ZK. Neuroprotective action and mechanistic evaluation of protodioscin against rat model of Parkinson’s disease. Pharmacol Rep 2018; 70:139-145. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pharep.2017.08.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2017] [Revised: 08/20/2017] [Accepted: 08/25/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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23
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Pace C, Dagda R, Angermann J. Antioxidants Protect against Arsenic Induced Mitochondrial Cardio-Toxicity. TOXICS 2017; 5:toxics5040038. [PMID: 29206204 PMCID: PMC5750566 DOI: 10.3390/toxics5040038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2017] [Revised: 11/29/2017] [Accepted: 12/01/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Arsenic is a potent cardiovascular toxicant associated with numerous biomarkers of cardiovascular diseases in exposed human populations. Arsenic is also a carcinogen, yet arsenic trioxide is used as a therapeutic agent in the treatment of acute promyelotic leukemia (APL). The therapeutic use of arsenic is limited due to its severe cardiovascular side effects. Many of the toxic effects of arsenic are mediated by mitochondrial dysfunction and related to arsenic's effect on oxidative stress. Therefore, we investigated the effectiveness of antioxidants against arsenic induced cardiovascular dysfunction. A growing body of evidence suggests that antioxidant phytonutrients may ameliorate the toxic effects of arsenic on mitochondria by scavenging free radicals. This review identifies 21 antioxidants that can effectively reverse mitochondrial dysfunction and oxidative stress in cardiovascular cells and tissues. In addition, we propose that antioxidants have the potential to improve the cardiovascular health of millions of people chronically exposed to elevated arsenic concentrations through contaminated water supplies or used to treat certain types of leukemias. Importantly, we identify conceptual gaps in research and development of new mito-protective antioxidants and suggest avenues for future research to improve bioavailability of antioxidants and distribution to target tissues in order reduce arsenic-induced cardiovascular toxicity in a real-world context.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clare Pace
- Department of Environmental Science and Health, University of Nevada, Reno, NV 89557, USA.
| | - Ruben Dagda
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Nevada, Reno School of Medicine, Reno, NV 89557, USA.
| | - Jeff Angermann
- School of Community Health Sciences, University of Nevada, Reno, NV 89557, USA.
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24
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Wang H, Zhu J, Li L, Li Y, Lv H, Xu Y, Sun G, Pi J. Effects of Nrf2 deficiency on arsenic metabolism in mice. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2017; 337:111-119. [DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2017.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2017] [Revised: 10/31/2017] [Accepted: 11/02/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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25
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Gu S, Lai Y, Chen H, Liu Y, Zhang Z. miR-155 mediates arsenic trioxide resistance by activating Nrf2 and suppressing apoptosis in lung cancer cells. Sci Rep 2017; 7:12155. [PMID: 28939896 PMCID: PMC5610328 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-06061-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2017] [Accepted: 06/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Arsenic trioxide (ATO) resistance is a challenging problem in chemotherapy. However, the underlying mechanisms remain to be elucidated. In this study, we identified a high level of expression of miR-155 in a human lung adenocarcinoma A549R cell line that is highly resistant to ATO. We showed that the high level of miR-155 was associated with increased levels of cell survival, colony formation, cell migration and decreased cellular apoptosis, and this was mediated by high levels of Nrf2, NAD(P)H quinone oxidoreductase 1 (NQO1), heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) and a high ratio of Bcl-2/Bax. Overexpression of the miR-155 mimic in A549R cells resulted in increased levels of colony formation and cell migration as well as reduced apoptosis along with increased Nrf2, NQO1 and HO-1. In contrast, silencing of miR-155 expression with its inhibitor in the cells, significantly decreased the cellular levels of Nrf2, NQO1 and HO-1 as well as the ratio of Bcl-2/Bax. This subsequently reduced the level of colony formation and cell migration facilitating ATO-induced apoptosis. Our results indicate that miR-155 mediated ATO resistance by upregulating the Nrf2 signaling pathway, but downregulating cellular apoptosis in lung cancer cells. Our study provides new insights into miR-155-mediated ATO resistance in lung cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiyan Gu
- Department of Environmental Health and Occupational Medicine, West China School of Public Health, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, China
| | - Yanhao Lai
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida International University, Miami, Florida, 33199, USA
| | - Hongyu Chen
- Department of Environmental Health and Occupational Medicine, West China School of Public Health, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, China
| | - Yuan Liu
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida International University, Miami, Florida, 33199, USA. .,Biochemistry Ph.D. Program, Florida International University, Miami, Florida, 33199, USA. .,Biomolecular Sciences Institute, Florida International University, Miami, Florida, 33199, USA.
| | - Zunzhen Zhang
- Department of Environmental Health and Occupational Medicine, West China School of Public Health, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, China.
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26
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Chen C, Jiang X, Gu S, Lai Y, Liu Y, Zhang Z. Protection of Nrf2 against arsenite-induced oxidative damage is regulated by the cyclic guanosine monophosphate-protein kinase G signaling pathway. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY 2017; 32:2004-2020. [PMID: 27774770 PMCID: PMC5403658 DOI: 10.1002/tox.22374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2016] [Revised: 10/03/2016] [Accepted: 10/05/2016] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Arsenite has been shown to induce a variety of oxidative damage in mammalian cells. However, the mechanisms underlying cellular responses to its adverse effects remain unknown. We previously showed that the level of Nrf2, a nuclear transcription factor significantly increased in arsenite-treated human bronchial epithelial (HBE) cells suggesting that Nrf2 is involved in responding to arsenite-induced oxidative damage. To explore how Nrf2 can impact arsenite-induced oxidative damage, in this study, we examined Nrf2 activation and its regulation upon cellular arsenite exposure as well as its effects on arsenite-induced oxidative damage in HBE cells. We found that Nrf2 mRNA and protein levels were significantly increased by arsenite in a dose- and time-dependent manner. Furthermore, we showed that over-expression of Nrf2 significantly reduced the level of arsenite-induced oxidative damage in HBE cells including DNA damage, chromosomal breakage, lipid peroxidation and depletion of antioxidants. This indicates a protective role of Nrf2 against arsenite toxicity. This was further supported by the fact that activation of Nrf2 by its agonists, tertiary butylhydroquinone (t-BHQ) and sulforaphane (SFN) resulted in the same protective effects against arsenite toxicity. Moreover, we demonstrated that arsenite-induced activation of Nrf2 was mediated by the cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP)-protein kinase G (PKG) signaling pathway. This is the first evidence showing that Nrf2 protects against arsenite-induced oxidative damage through the cGMP-PKG pathway. Our study suggests that activation of Nrf2 through the cGMP-PKG signaling pathway in HBE cells may be developed as a new strategy for prevention of arsenite toxicity. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Environ Toxicol 32: 2004-2020, 2017.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chengzhi Chen
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, West China School of Public Health, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, People’s Republic of China
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health and Management, Chongqing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xuejun Jiang
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, West China School of Public Health, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, People’s Republic of China
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health and Management, Chongqing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Shiyan Gu
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, West China School of Public Health, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yanhao Lai
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida International University, Miami, Florida, USA
| | - Yuan Liu
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida International University, Miami, Florida, USA
- Biochemistry Ph.D. Program, Florida International University, Miami, Florida, USA
- Biomolecular Sciences Institute, Florida International University, Miami, Florida, USA
- Corresponding authors: Zunzhen Zhang, Ph.D., Department of Environmental Health, West China School of Public Health, Sichuan University, No. 16, Section 3, Renmin Nan Road, Chengdu 610041, People’s Republic of China. ; Tel: +86 028 85501298; Fax: +86 028 85501295, Yuan Liu, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida International University, 11200 SW 8 Street, Miami, FL, 33199, USA ; Tel: 305-348-3628; Fax: 305-348-3772
| | - Zunzhen Zhang
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, West China School of Public Health, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, People’s Republic of China
- Corresponding authors: Zunzhen Zhang, Ph.D., Department of Environmental Health, West China School of Public Health, Sichuan University, No. 16, Section 3, Renmin Nan Road, Chengdu 610041, People’s Republic of China. ; Tel: +86 028 85501298; Fax: +86 028 85501295, Yuan Liu, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida International University, 11200 SW 8 Street, Miami, FL, 33199, USA ; Tel: 305-348-3628; Fax: 305-348-3772
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27
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The involvement of Nrf2 in the protective effects of (-)-Epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG) on NaAsO 2-induced hepatotoxicity. Oncotarget 2017; 8:65302-65312. [PMID: 29029432 PMCID: PMC5630332 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.18582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2016] [Accepted: 04/27/2017] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Arsenic exposure produces hepatotoxicity. The common mechanism determining its toxicity is the generation of oxidative stress. Oxidative stress induced by arsenic leads to the activation of nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) pathway. (-)-Epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG) possesses a potent antioxidant capacity and exhibits extensive pharmacological activities. This study aims to evaluate effects of EGCG on arsenic-induced hepatotoxicity and activation of Nrf2 pathway. Plasma activities of alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, alkaline phosphatase, and lactate dehydrogenase were measured; Histological analyses were conducted to observe morphological changes; Biochemical indexes such as oxidative stress (Catalase (CAT), malonyldialdehyde (MDA), superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione (GSH), reactive oxygen species (ROS)), Nrf2 signaling related genes (Nrf2, Nqo1, and Ho-1) were assessed. The results showed that EGCG inhibited arsenic-induced hepatic pathological damage, liver ROS level and MDA level. Arsenic decreases the antioxidant enzymes SOD, GPX, and CAT activity and the decrease was inhibited by treatment of EGCG. Furthermore, EGCG attenuated the retention of arsenic in liver tissues and improved the expressions of Nrf2 signaling related genes (Nrf2, Nqo1, and Ho-1). These findings provide evidences that EGCG may be useful for reducing hepatotoxicity associated with oxidative stress by the activation of Nrf2 signaling pathway. Our findings suggest a possible mechanism of antioxidant EGCG in preventing hepatotoxicity, which implicate that EGCG may be a potential treatment for arsenicosis therapy.
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28
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Naturally Occurring Nrf2 Activators: Potential in Treatment of Liver Injury. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2016; 2016:3453926. [PMID: 28101296 PMCID: PMC5215260 DOI: 10.1155/2016/3453926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2016] [Revised: 11/08/2016] [Accepted: 11/28/2016] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Oxidative stress plays a major role in acute and chronic liver injury. In hepatocytes, oxidative stress frequently triggers antioxidant response by activating nuclear erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2), a transcription factor, which upregulates various cytoprotective genes. Thus, Nrf2 is considered a potential therapeutic target to halt liver injury. Several studies indicate that activation of Nrf2 signaling pathway ameliorates liver injury. The hepatoprotective potential of naturally occurring compounds has been investigated in various models of liver injuries. In this review, we comprehensively appraise various phytochemicals that have been assessed for their potential to halt acute and chronic liver injury by enhancing the activation of Nrf2 and have the potential for use in humans.
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29
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Wang YL, Chen M, Huo TG, Zhang YH, Fang Y, Feng C, Wang SY, Jiang H. Effects of Glycyrrhetinic Acid on GSH Synthesis Induced by Realgar in the Mouse Hippocampus: Involvement of System X AG - $$ {\mathbf{X}}_{{\mathbf{AG}}^{-}} $$ , System X C - $$ {\mathbf{X}}_{{\mathbf{C}}^{-}} $$ , MRP-1, and Nrf2. Mol Neurobiol 2016; 54:3102-3116. [DOI: 10.1007/s12035-016-9859-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2015] [Accepted: 03/17/2016] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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30
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Li J, Duan X, Dong D, Zhang Y, Li W, Zhao L, Nie H, Sun G, Li B. Hepatic and Nephric NRF2 Pathway Up-Regulation, an Early Antioxidant Response, in Acute Arsenic-Exposed Mice. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2015; 12:12628-42. [PMID: 26473898 PMCID: PMC4626990 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph121012628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2015] [Revised: 09/28/2015] [Accepted: 10/06/2015] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Inorganic arsenic (iAs), a proven human carcinogen, damages biological systems through multiple mechanisms, one of them being reactive oxygen species (ROS) production. NRF2 is a redox-sensitive transcription factor that positively regulates the genes of encoding antioxidant and detoxification enzymes to neutralize ROS. Although NRF2 pathway activation by iAs has been reported in various cell types, however, the experimental data in vivo are very limited and not fully elucidated in humans. The present investigation aimed to explore the hepatic and nephric NRF2 pathway upregulation in acute arsenic-exposed mice in vivo. Our results showed 10 mg/kg NaAsO2 elevated the NRF2 protein and increased the transcription of Nrf2 mRNA, as well as up-regulated NRF2 downstream targets HO-1, GST and GCLC time- and dose-dependently both in the liver and kidney. Acute NaAsO2 exposure also resulted in obvious imbalance of oxidative redox status represented by the increase of GSH and MDA, and the decrease of T-AOC. The present investigation reveals that hepatic and nephric NRF2 pathway expression is an early antioxidant defensive response upon iAs exposure. A better knowledge about the NRF2 pathway involvment in the cellular response against arsenic could help improve the strategies for reducing the cellular toxicity related to this metalloid.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinlong Li
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, China Medical University, Shenyang 110013, China.
| | - Xiaoxu Duan
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, China Medical University, Shenyang 110013, China.
| | - Dandan Dong
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, China Medical University, Shenyang 110013, China.
- Cao County Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Heze 274400, China.
| | - Yang Zhang
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, China Medical University, Shenyang 110013, China.
| | - Wei Li
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, China Medical University, Shenyang 110013, China.
| | - Lu Zhao
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, China Medical University, Shenyang 110013, China.
| | - Huifang Nie
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, China Medical University, Shenyang 110013, China.
| | - Guifan Sun
- Environment and Non-Communicable Diseases Research Center, School of Public Health, China Medical University, Shenyang 110013, China.
| | - Bing Li
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, China Medical University, Shenyang 110013, China.
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31
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Chiarella P, Carbonari D, Iavicoli S. Utility of checklist to describe experimental methods for investigating molecular biomarkers. Biomark Med 2015; 9:989-95. [DOI: 10.2217/bmm.15.82] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction: In research articles, detailed description of experimental methods and reagents is fundamental for correct reproducibility of the published data. This becomes even more important when such data contribute to identify molecular targets and toxicity biomarkers whose role is crucial in the physiology and pathology of human health. Methods & Objectives: To achieve good reproducibility of data we took advantage of others’ experiences and analyzed molecular biology and immunodetection techniques in 32 journal articles investigating the human NRF2 and Keap1 genes involved in the cell response to oxidative stress. Results & Conclusions: In conclusion of the analysis, we assessed deficiency of information in the published methods, making it difficult to select appropriate protocols. Underlining the importance of assay reproducibility, this paper proposes the utility of a minimum information checklist of methods for biomarker detection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pieranna Chiarella
- Department of Occupational & Environmental Medicine, Epidemiology & Hygiene, INAIL Italian Workers’ Compensation Authority, Via Fontana Candida 1, 00040 Monteporzio Catone, Rome, Italy
| | - Damiano Carbonari
- Department of Occupational & Environmental Medicine, Epidemiology & Hygiene, INAIL Italian Workers’ Compensation Authority, Via Fontana Candida 1, 00040 Monteporzio Catone, Rome, Italy
| | - Sergio Iavicoli
- Department of Occupational & Environmental Medicine, Epidemiology & Hygiene, INAIL Italian Workers’ Compensation Authority, Via Fontana Candida 1, 00040 Monteporzio Catone, Rome, Italy
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Modulation of aryl hydrocarbon receptor-regulated enzymes by trimethylarsine oxide in C57BL/6 mice: In vivo and in vitro studies. Toxicol Lett 2015; 238:17-31. [PMID: 26144063 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2015.06.1646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2014] [Revised: 06/19/2015] [Accepted: 06/28/2015] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Arsenic is a worldwide environmental pollutant that is associated with skin and several types of internal cancers. Recent reports revealed that arsenic biomethylation could activate the toxic and carcinogenic potential of arsenic. Therefore, we investigated the effect of trimethylarsine oxide (TMAO) on the activation of AhR-regulated genes in vivo and in vitro. In vivo, C57BL/6 mice received TMAO (13mg/kg i.p.) with or without the prototypical AhR ligand, TCDD (15μg/kg), then the livers were harvested at 6 and 24h post-treatment. In vitro, isolated hepatocytes from C57BL/6 mice were treated with TMAO (5μM) in the absence and presence of TCDD (1nM) for 6 and 24h. Our in vivo results demonstrated that, TMAO alone increased Cyp1a1, Cyp1a2, Cyp1b1, Nqo1, Gsta1, and Ho-1 at mRNA level. Upon co-exposure to TMAO and TCDD, TMAO potentiated the TCDD-mediated induction of Cyp1a1, Cyp1b1, and Nqo1 mRNA levels. Western blotting revealed that, TMAO alone increased Cyp1a1, Cyp1a2, Nqo1, Gsta1/2, and Ho-1 protein levels, and potentiated the TCDD-mediated induction of Cyp1a1 and Cyp1b1 protein level. In addition, TMAO alone significantly increased Cyp1a1, Cyp1a2, Nqo1, Gst, and Ho-1 activities and significantly potentiated the TCDD-mediated induction of Cyp1a1 activity. At the in vitro level, TMAO induced Cyp1a1 and potentiated the TCDD-mediated induction of Cyp1a1 at mRNA, protein and activity levels. In addition, TMAO increased the nuclear localization of AhR and AhR-dependent XRE-driven luciferase activity. Our results demonstrate that the TMAO, modulates AhR-regulated genes which could potentially participate, at least in part, in arsenic induced toxicity and carcinogenicity.
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Lutein has a protective effect on hepatotoxicity induced by arsenic via Nrf2 signaling. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2015; 2015:315205. [PMID: 25815309 PMCID: PMC4357133 DOI: 10.1155/2015/315205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2014] [Revised: 12/24/2014] [Accepted: 12/24/2014] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Arsenic produces liver disease through the oxidative stress. While lutein can alleviate cytotoxic and oxidative injury, nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) pathway plays a critical role in defending oxidative species. However, the mechanisms by which lutein protects the liver against the effect of arsenic are not known. Therefore, this study aims to investigate the mechanisms involved in the action of lutein using mice model in which hepatotoxicity was induced by arsenic. We found that mice treatment with lutein could reverse changes in morphological and liver indexes and result in a significant improvement in hepatic function comparing with arsenic trioxide group. Lutein treatment improved the activities of antioxidant enzymes and attenuated increasing of ROS and MDA induced by arsenic trioxide. Lutein could increase the mRNA and protein expression of Nrf2 signaling related genes (Nrf2, Nqo1, Ho-1, and Gst). These findings provide additional evidence that lutein may be useful for reducing reproductive injury associated with oxidative stress by the activation of Nrf2 signaling. Our findings suggest a possible mechanism of antioxidant lutein in preventing the hepatotoxicity, which implicate that a dietary lutein may be a potential treatment for liver diseases, especially for arsenicosis therapy.
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Arsenic responsive microRNAs in vivo and their potential involvement in arsenic-induced oxidative stress. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2015; 283:198-209. [PMID: 25625412 DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2015.01.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2014] [Revised: 01/14/2015] [Accepted: 01/17/2015] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Arsenic exposure is postulated to modify microRNA (miRNA) expression, leading to changes of gene expression and toxicities, but studies relating the responses of miRNAs to arsenic exposure are lacking, especially with respect to in vivo studies. We utilized high-throughput sequencing technology and generated miRNA expression profiles of liver tissues from Sprague Dawley (SD) rats exposed to various concentrations of sodium arsenite (0, 0.1, 1, 10 and 100mg/L) for 60days. Unsupervised hierarchical clustering analysis of the miRNA expression profiles clustered the SD rats into different groups based on the arsenic exposure status, indicating a highly significant association between arsenic exposure and cluster membership (p-value of 0.0012). Multiple miRNA expressions were altered by arsenic in an exposure concentration-dependent manner. Among the identified arsenic-responsive miRNAs, several are predicted to target Nfe2l2-regulated antioxidant genes, including glutamate-cysteine ligase (GCL) catalytic subunit (GCLC) and modifier subunit (GCLM) which are involved in glutathione (GSH) synthesis. Exposure to low concentrations of arsenic increased mRNA expression for Gclc and Gclm, while high concentrations significantly reduced their expression, which were correlated to changes in hepatic GCL activity and GSH level. Moreover, our data suggested that other mechanisms, e.g., miRNAs, rather than Nfe2l2-signaling pathway, could be involved in the regulation of mRNA expression of Gclc and Gclm post-arsenic exposure in vivo. Together, our findings show that arsenic exposure disrupts the genome-wide expression of miRNAs in vivo, which could lead to the biological consequence, such as an altered balance of antioxidant defense and oxidative stress.
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García-Niño WR, Pedraza-Chaverrí J. Protective effect of curcumin against heavy metals-induced liver damage. Food Chem Toxicol 2014; 69:182-201. [PMID: 24751969 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2014.04.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 222] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2014] [Revised: 04/05/2014] [Accepted: 04/08/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Occupational or environmental exposures to heavy metals produce several adverse health effects. The common mechanism determining their toxicity and carcinogenicity is the generation of oxidative stress that leads to hepatic damage. In addition, oxidative stress induced by metal exposure leads to the activation of the nuclear factor (erythroid-derived 2)-like 2/Kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1/antioxidant response elements (Nrf2/Keap1/ARE) pathway. Since antioxidant and chelating agents are generally used for the treatment of heavy metals poisoning, this review is focused on the protective role of curcumin against liver injury induced by heavy metals. Curcumin has shown, in clinical and preclinical studies, numerous biological activities including therapeutic efficacy against various human diseases and anti-hepatotoxic effects against environmental or occupational toxins. Curcumin reduces the hepatotoxicity induced by arsenic, cadmium, chromium, copper, lead and mercury, prevents histological injury, lipid peroxidation and glutathione (GSH) depletion, maintains the liver antioxidant enzyme status and protects against mitochondrial dysfunction. The preventive effect of curcumin on the noxious effects induced by heavy metals has been attributed to its scavenging and chelating properties, and/or to the ability to induce the Nrf2/Keap1/ARE pathway. However, additional research is needed in order to propose curcumin as a potential protective agent against liver damage induced by heavy metals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wylly Ramsés García-Niño
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Chemistry, National Autonomous University of Mexico (UNAM), University City, 04510 D.F., Mexico
| | - José Pedraza-Chaverrí
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Chemistry, National Autonomous University of Mexico (UNAM), University City, 04510 D.F., Mexico.
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Vercellotti GM, Khan FB, Nguyen J, Chen C, Bruzzone CM, Bechtel H, Brown G, Nath KA, Steer CJ, Hebbel RP, Belcher JD. H-ferritin ferroxidase induces cytoprotective pathways and inhibits microvascular stasis in transgenic sickle mice. Front Pharmacol 2014; 5:79. [PMID: 24860503 PMCID: PMC4029007 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2014.00079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2014] [Accepted: 03/31/2014] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Hemolysis, oxidative stress, inflammation, vaso-occlusion, and organ infarction are hallmarks of sickle cell disease (SCD). We have previously shown that increases in heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) activity detoxify heme and inhibit vaso-occlusion in transgenic mouse models of SCD. HO-1 releases Fe(2+) from heme, and the ferritin heavy chain (FHC) ferroxidase oxidizes Fe(2+) to catalytically inactive Fe(3+) inside ferritin. FHC overexpression has been shown to be cytoprotective. In this study, we hypothesized that overexpression of FHC and its ferroxidase activity will inhibit inflammation and microvascular stasis in transgenic SCD mice in response to plasma hemoglobin. We utilized a Sleeping Beauty (SB) transposase plasmid to deliver a human wild-type-ferritin heavy chain (wt-hFHC) transposable element by hydrodynamic tail vein injections into NY1DD SCD mice. Control SCD mice were infused with the same volume of lactated Ringer's solution (LRS) or a human triple missense FHC (ms-hFHC) plasmid with no ferroxidase activity. 8 weeks later, LRS-injected mice had ~40% microvascular stasis (% non-flowing venules) 1 h after infusion of stroma-free hemoglobin, while mice overexpressing wt-hFHC had only 5% stasis (p < 0.05), and ms-hFHC mice had 33% stasis suggesting vascular protection by ferroxidase active wt-hFHC. The wt-hFHC SCD mice had marked increases in splenic hFHC mRNA and hepatic hFHC protein, ferritin light chain (FLC), 5-aminolevulinic acid synthase (ALAS), heme content, ferroportin, nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2), and HO-1 activity and protein. There was also a decrease in hepatic activated nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) phospho-p65 and vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1). Inhibition of HO-1 activity with tin protoporphyrin demonstrated HO-1 was not essential for the protection by wt-hFHC. We conclude that wt-hFHC ferroxidase activity enhances cytoprotective Nrf2-regulated proteins including HO-1, thereby resulting in decreased NF-κB-activation, adhesion molecules, and microvascular stasis in transgenic SCD mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gregory M Vercellotti
- Division of Hematology, Oncology and Transplantation, Department of Medicine, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN USA ; Vascular Biology Center, Department of Medicine, University of Minnesota Medical School Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Fatima B Khan
- Division of Hematology, Oncology and Transplantation, Department of Medicine, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN USA ; Vascular Biology Center, Department of Medicine, University of Minnesota Medical School Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Julia Nguyen
- Division of Hematology, Oncology and Transplantation, Department of Medicine, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN USA ; Vascular Biology Center, Department of Medicine, University of Minnesota Medical School Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Chunsheng Chen
- Division of Hematology, Oncology and Transplantation, Department of Medicine, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN USA ; Vascular Biology Center, Department of Medicine, University of Minnesota Medical School Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Carol M Bruzzone
- Division of Hematology, Oncology and Transplantation, Department of Medicine, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN USA ; Vascular Biology Center, Department of Medicine, University of Minnesota Medical School Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Heather Bechtel
- Mercy Clinic Children's Cancer and Hematology, St. Louis, MO USA
| | - Graham Brown
- Division of Hematology, Oncology and Transplantation, Department of Medicine, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN USA ; Vascular Biology Center, Department of Medicine, University of Minnesota Medical School Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Karl A Nath
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic/Foundation Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Clifford J Steer
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, University of Minnesota Medical School Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Robert P Hebbel
- Division of Hematology, Oncology and Transplantation, Department of Medicine, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN USA ; Vascular Biology Center, Department of Medicine, University of Minnesota Medical School Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - John D Belcher
- Division of Hematology, Oncology and Transplantation, Department of Medicine, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN USA ; Vascular Biology Center, Department of Medicine, University of Minnesota Medical School Minneapolis, MN, USA
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Martinez VD, Vucic EA, Pikor LA, Thu KL, Hubaux R, Lam WL. Frequent concerted genetic mechanisms disrupt multiple components of the NRF2 inhibitor KEAP1/CUL3/RBX1 E3-ubiquitin ligase complex in thyroid cancer. Mol Cancer 2013; 12:124. [PMID: 24138990 PMCID: PMC4016213 DOI: 10.1186/1476-4598-12-124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2013] [Accepted: 10/02/2013] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Reactive oxygen species contribute to normal thyroid function. The NRF2 oxidative response pathway is frequently and constitutively activated in multiple tumor types, including papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC). Genetic mechanisms underlying NRF2 pathway activation in PTC are not fully understood. Thus, we aimed to determine whether inactivating patterns of DNA-level alterations affect genes encoding for individual NRF2 inhibitor complex components (CUL3/KEAP1/RBX1) occur in PTC. Findings Combined patterns of epi/genetic alterations for KEAP1/CUL3/RBX1 E3 ubiquitin-ligase complex components were simultaneously interrogated for a panel of 310 PTC cases and 40 adjacent non-malignant tissues. Data were obtained from The Cancer Genome Atlas project. Enrichment of NRF2 pathway activation was assessed by gene-set enrichment analysis using transcriptome data. Our analyses revealed that PTC sustain a strikingly high frequency (80.6%) of disruption to multiple component genes of the NRF2 inhibitor complex. Hypermethylation is the predominant inactivating mechanism primarily affecting KEAP1 (70.6%) and CUL3 (20%), while copy number loss mostly affects RBX1 (16.8%). Concordantly, NRF2-associated gene expression signatures are positively and significantly enriched in PTC. Conclusions The KEAP1/CUL3/RBX1 E3-ubiquitin ligase complex is almost ubiquitously affected by multiple DNA-level mechanisms and downstream NRF2 pathway targets are activated in PTC. Given the importance of this pathway to normal thyroid function as well as to cancer; targeted inhibition of NRF2 regulators may impact strategies for therapeutic intervention involving this pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victor D Martinez
- BC Cancer Research Centre, BC Cancer Agency, 675 West 10th Avenue, Vancouver, BC V5Z1L3, Canada.
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