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Tlou M, Ndou B, Mabona N, Khwathisi A, Ateba C, Madala N, Serepa-Dlamini MH. Next generation sequencing-aided screening, isolation, molecular identification, and antimicrobial potential for bacterial endophytes from the medicinal plant, Elephantorrhiza elephantina. Front Microbiol 2024; 15:1383854. [PMID: 38855763 PMCID: PMC11160484 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2024.1383854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2024] [Accepted: 05/06/2024] [Indexed: 06/11/2024] Open
Abstract
Elephantorrhiza elephantina, a wild plant in southern Africa, is utilized in traditional medicine for various ailments, leading to its endangerment and listing on the Red List of South African Plants. To date, there have been no reports on bacterial endophytes from this plant, their classes of secondary metabolites, and potential medicinal properties. This study presents (i) taxonomic characterization of bacterial endophytes in leaf and root tissues using 16S rRNA, (ii) bacterial isolation, morphological, and phylogenetic characterization, (iii) bacterial growth, metabolite extraction, and LC-MS-based metabolite fingerprinting, and (iv) antimicrobial testing of bacterial crude extracts. Next-generation sequencing yielded 693 and 2,459 DNA read counts for the rhizomes and leaves, respectively, detecting phyla including Proteobacteria, Bacteroidota, Gemmatimonadota, Actinobacteriota, Verrucomicrobiota, Dependentiae, Firmicutes, and Armatimonodata. At the genus level, Novosphingobium, Mesorhizobium, Methylobacterium, and Ralstonia were the most dominant in both leaves and rhizomes. From root tissues, four bacterial isolates were selected, and 16S rRNA-based phylogenetic characterization identified two closely related Pseudomonas sp. (strain BNWU4 and 5), Microbacterium oxydans BNWU2, and Stenotrophomonas maltophilia BNWU1. The ethyl acetate:chloroform (1:1 v/v) organic extract from each isolate exhibited antimicrobial activity against all selected bacterial pathogens. Strain BNWU5 displayed the highest activity, with minimum inhibitory concentrations ranging from 62.5 μg/mL to 250 μg/mL against diarrhoeagenic Escherichia coli, Escherichia coli O157:H7, Salmonella enterica, antibiotic-resistant Vibrio cholerae, Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus cereus, and Enterococcus durans. LC-MS analysis of the crude extract revealed common antimicrobial metabolites produced by all isolates, including Phenoxomethylpenicilloyl (penicilloyl V), cis-11-Eicosenamide, 3-Hydroxy-3-phenacyloxindole, and 9-Octadecenamide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matsobane Tlou
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Physical and Chemical Sciences, North-West University, Mmabatho, South Africa
| | - Benedict Ndou
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Physical and Chemical Sciences, North-West University, Mmabatho, South Africa
| | - Nokufa Mabona
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Physical and Chemical Sciences, North-West University, Mmabatho, South Africa
| | - Adivhaho Khwathisi
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, University of Venda, Thohoyandou, South Africa
| | - Collins Ateba
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences, School of Biological Sciences, North-West University, Mmabatho, South Africa
| | - Ntakadzeni Madala
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, University of Venda, Thohoyandou, South Africa
| | - Mahloro Hope Serepa-Dlamini
- Department of Biotechnology and Food Technology, University of Johannesburg, Doornfontein Campus, Johannesburg, South Africa
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Fathallah N, Elkady WM, Zahran SA, Darwish KM, Elhady SS, Elkhawas YA. Unveiling the Multifaceted Capabilities of Endophytic Aspergillus flavus Isolated from Annona squamosa Fruit Peels against Staphylococcus Isolates and HCoV 229E-In Vitro and In Silico Investigations. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2024; 17:656. [PMID: 38794226 PMCID: PMC11124496 DOI: 10.3390/ph17050656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2024] [Revised: 05/14/2024] [Accepted: 05/16/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Recently, there has been a surge towards searching for primitive treatment strategies to discover novel therapeutic approaches against multi-drug-resistant pathogens. Endophytes are considered unexplored yet perpetual sources of several secondary metabolites with therapeutic significance. This study aims to isolate and identify the endophytic fungi from Annona squamosa L. fruit peels using morphological, microscopical, and transcribed spacer (ITS-rDNA) sequence analysis; extract the fungus's secondary metabolites by ethyl acetate; investigate the chemical profile using UPLC/MS; and evaluate the potential antibacterial, antibiofilm, and antiviral activities. An endophytic fungus was isolated and identified as Aspergillus flavus L. from the fruit peels. The UPLC/MS revealed seven compounds with various chemical classes. The antimicrobial activity of the fungal ethyl acetate extract (FEA) was investigated against different Gram-positive and Gram-negative standard strains, in addition to resistant clinical isolates using the agar diffusion method. The CPE-inhibition assay was used to identify the potential antiviral activity of the crude fungal extract against low pathogenic human coronavirus (HCoV 229E). Selective Gram-positive antibacterial and antibiofilm activities were evident, demonstrating pronounced efficacy against both methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) and methicillin-sensitive Staphylococcus aureus (MSSA). However, the extract exhibited very weak activity against Gram-negative bacterial strains. The ethyl acetate extract of Aspergillus flavus L exhibited an interesting antiviral activity with a half maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) value of 27.2 µg/mL against HCoV 229E. Furthermore, in silico virtual molecular docking-coupled dynamics simulation highlighted the promising affinity of the identified metabolite, orienting towards three MRSA biotargets and HCoV 229E main protease as compared to reported reference inhibitors/substrates. Finally, ADME analysis was conducted to evaluate the potential oral bioavailability of the identified metabolites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noha Fathallah
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Medicinal Plants, Faculty of Pharmacy, Future University in Egypt, Cairo 11835, Egypt;
| | - Wafaa M. Elkady
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Medicinal Plants, Faculty of Pharmacy, Future University in Egypt, Cairo 11835, Egypt;
| | - Sara A. Zahran
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Future University in Egypt, Cairo 11835, Egypt;
| | - Khaled M. Darwish
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Suez Canal University, Ismailia 41522, Egypt;
| | - Sameh S. Elhady
- King Abdulaziz University Herbarium, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia;
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
- Center for Artificial Intelligence in Precision Medicines, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Yasmin A. Elkhawas
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Medicinal Plants, Faculty of Pharmacy, Future University in Egypt, Cairo 11835, Egypt;
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Vergine M, Vita F, Casati P, Passera A, Ricciardi L, Pavan S, Aprile A, Sabella E, De Bellis L, Luvisi A. Characterization of the olive endophytic community in genotypes displaying a contrasting response to Xylella fastidiosa. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2024; 24:337. [PMID: 38664617 PMCID: PMC11044560 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-024-04980-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2023] [Accepted: 04/03/2024] [Indexed: 04/29/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Endophytes mediate the interactions between plants and other microorganisms, and the functional aspects of interactions between endophytes and their host that support plant-growth promotion and tolerance to stresses signify the ecological relevance of the endosphere microbiome. In this work, we studied the bacterial and fungal endophytic communities of olive tree (Olea europaea L.) asymptomatic or low symptomatic genotypes sampled in groves heavily compromised by Xylella fastidiosa subsp. pauca, aiming to characterize microbiota in genotypes displaying differential response to the pathogen. RESULTS The relationships between bacterial and fungal genera were analyzed both separately and together, in order to investigate the intricate correlations between the identified Operational Taxonomic Units (OTUs). Results suggested a dominant role of the fungal endophytic community compared to the bacterial one, and highlighted specific microbial taxa only associated with asymptomatic or low symptomatic genotypes. In addition, they indicated the occurrence of well-adapted genetic resources surviving after years of pathogen pressure in association with microorganisms such as Burkholderia, Quambalaria, Phaffia and Rhodotorula. CONCLUSIONS This is the first study to overview endophytic communities associated with several putatively resistant olive genotypes in areas under high X. fastidiosa inoculum pressure. Identifying these negatively correlated genera can offer valuable insights into the potential antagonistic microbial resources and their possible development as biocontrol agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marzia Vergine
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Technologies, University of Salento, Lecce, Italy
| | - Federico Vita
- Department of Biology, University of Bari "Aldo Moro", Bari, Italy.
| | - Paola Casati
- Department of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Production, Landscape, Agroenergy, University of Milan, Milano, Italy
| | - Alessandro Passera
- Department of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Production, Landscape, Agroenergy, University of Milan, Milano, Italy
| | - Luigi Ricciardi
- Department of Soil, Plant and Food Science, University of Bari "Aldo Moro", Bari, Italy
| | - Stefano Pavan
- Department of Soil, Plant and Food Science, University of Bari "Aldo Moro", Bari, Italy
| | - Alessio Aprile
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Technologies, University of Salento, Lecce, Italy
| | - Erika Sabella
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Technologies, University of Salento, Lecce, Italy
| | - Luigi De Bellis
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Technologies, University of Salento, Lecce, Italy
| | - Andrea Luvisi
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Technologies, University of Salento, Lecce, Italy
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Chen X, Han J, Chen F. Bioinformatic analysis of microbial type terpene synthase genes in plants. Methods Enzymol 2024; 699:293-310. [PMID: 38942508 DOI: 10.1016/bs.mie.2024.02.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/30/2024]
Abstract
Plants are prolific producers of terpenoids. Terpenoid biosynthesis is initiated by terpene synthases (TPS). In plants, two types of terpenes synthase genes are recognized: typical plant TPS genes and microbial-terpene synthase like-genes (MTPSL). While TPS genes are ubiquitous in land plants, MTPSL genes appear to be restricted to non-seed land plants. Evolutionarily, TPS genes are specific to land plants, whereas MTPSL genes have related counterparts in other organisms, especially fungi and bacteria. The presence of microbial type TPS in plants, fungi and bacteria, with the latter two often being associated with plants, poses a challenge in accurately identifying bona fide MTPSL genes in plants. In this chapter, we present bioinformatic procedures designed to identify MTPSL genes in sequenced plant genomes and/or transcriptomes. Additionally, we outline validation methods for confirming the identified microbial-type TPS genes as genuine plant genes. The method described in this chapter can also be adopted to analyze microbial type TPS in organisms other than plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinlu Chen
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, United States
| | - Jin Han
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, United States
| | - Feng Chen
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, United States.
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Mgadi K, Ndaba B, Roopnarain A, Rama H, Adeleke R. Nanoparticle applications in agriculture: overview and response of plant-associated microorganisms. Front Microbiol 2024; 15:1354440. [PMID: 38511012 PMCID: PMC10951078 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2024.1354440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2023] [Accepted: 01/30/2024] [Indexed: 03/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Globally, food security has become a critical concern due to the rise in human population and the current climate change crisis. Usage of conventional agrochemicals to maximize crop yields has resulted in the degradation of fertile soil, environmental pollution as well as human and agroecosystem health risks. Nanotechnology in agriculture is a fast-emerging and new area of research explored to improve crop productivity and nutrient-use efficiency using nano-sized agrochemicals at lower doses than conventional agrochemicals. Nanoparticles in agriculture are applied as nanofertilizers and/or nanopesticides. Positive results have been observed in terms of plant growth when using nano-based agricultural amendments. However, their continuous application may have adverse effects on plant-associated rhizospheric and endospheric microorganisms which often play a crucial role in plant growth, nutrient uptake, and disease prevention. While research shows that the application of nanoparticles has the potential to improve plant growth and yield, their effect on the diversity and function of plant-associated microorganisms remains under-explored. This review provides an overview of plant-associated microorganisms and their functions. Additionally, it highlights the response of plant-associated microorganisms to nanoparticle application and provides insight into areas of research required to promote sustainable and precision agricultural practices that incorporate nanofertilizers and nanopesticides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katiso Mgadi
- Unit of Environmental Sciences and Management, North-West University, Potchefstroom, South Africa
- Microbiology and Environmental Biotechnology Research Group, Agricultural Research Council-Natural Resources and Engineering, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Busiswa Ndaba
- Microbiology and Environmental Biotechnology Research Group, Agricultural Research Council-Natural Resources and Engineering, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Ashira Roopnarain
- Microbiology and Environmental Biotechnology Research Group, Agricultural Research Council-Natural Resources and Engineering, Pretoria, South Africa
- Department of Environmental Sciences, University of South Africa–Florida Campus, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Haripriya Rama
- Microbiology and Environmental Biotechnology Research Group, Agricultural Research Council-Natural Resources and Engineering, Pretoria, South Africa
- Department of Physics, University of South Africa–Florida Campus, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Rasheed Adeleke
- Unit of Environmental Sciences and Management, North-West University, Potchefstroom, South Africa
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Osama S, El Sherei M, Al-Mahdy DA, Bishr M, Salama O, Raafat MM. Antimicrobial activity of spiculisporic acid isolated from endophytic fungus Aspergillus cejpii of Hedera helix against MRSA. Braz J Microbiol 2024; 55:515-527. [PMID: 38231376 PMCID: PMC10920557 DOI: 10.1007/s42770-023-01224-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2023] [Accepted: 12/14/2023] [Indexed: 01/18/2024] Open
Abstract
The surge in multidrug-resistant pathogens worldwide has jeopardized the clinical efficiency of many current antibiotics. This problem steered many researchers in their quest to discover new effective antimicrobial agents from natural origins including plants or their residing endophytes. In this work, we aimed to identify the endophytic fungi derived from Hedera helix L. and investigate their potential antimicrobial activity. Bioguided fractionation approach was conducted to isolate the pure compounds from the most active fungal fraction. Out of a total of six different isolated endophytic fungal strains, only Aspergillus cejpii showed the highest activity against all tested microbial strains. The most active fraction was the dichloromethane/methanol fraction (DCM:MeOH), where it showed significant activity against Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus, Serratia marcescens, Acinetobacter baumannii, Salmonella typhi, and three drug-resistant clinical isolate strains including Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA, H1), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (PS 16), and Acinetobacter baumannii (ACT 322) using tetracyline and kanamycin as the control antibiotics. Bioguided fractionation of the active fraction led to the isolation of the γ-butenolide, spiculisporic acid. Structure elucidation was carried out using 1H and 13C-NMR spectroscopic analysis. The compound showed good antimicrobial activities with minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values ranging from 3.9 to 31.25 μg/mL against all tested strains. Gas chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry (GC-MS) profiling was also carried out to identify the metabolites in the microbial crude extract. In conclusion, endophytic fungi, Aspergillus cejpii, isolated from Hedera helix L. roots showed promising antimicrobial activity which merits further in-depth investigations for potential utilization as a source of new antibiotics in the future. It can also be considered as a novel source for spiculisporic acid.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Osama
- Pharmacognosy and Medicinal Plants Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Future University in Egypt, Cairo, Egypt.
| | - Moshera El Sherei
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Dalia A Al-Mahdy
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt.
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Modern University for Technology and Information (MTI), Cairo, Egypt.
| | - Mokhtar Bishr
- Arab Company for Pharmaceuticals and Medicinal Plants (Mepaco), Cairo, Egypt
| | - Osama Salama
- Pharmacognosy and Medicinal Plants Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Future University in Egypt, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Marwa M Raafat
- Microbiology and Immunology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Future University in Egypt, Cairo, 11835, Egypt
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Lin DJ, Zhou JX, Ali A, Fu HY, Gao SJ, Jin L, Fang Y, Wang JD. Biocontrol efficiency and characterization of insecticidal protein from sugarcane endophytic Serratia marcescens (SM) against oriental armyworm Mythimna separata (Walker). Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 262:129978. [PMID: 38340916 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.129978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2023] [Revised: 01/25/2024] [Accepted: 02/02/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024]
Abstract
The plant endophytic bacteria are a great source of nature insecticides. However, no such endophytic bacteria have been found in sugarcane, to address this gap, we isolated and identified a strain of Serratia marcescens with moderate insecticidal activity from sugarcane. Taken armyworm Mythimna separata as example, the mortality rates of oral infection and injection infection were 47.06 % and 91 %, respectively. The SM has significant negative affect on the growth, development, and reproduction of M. separata. After determining that these insecticidal substances, 33 potential virulence proteins were screened through the identification and prediction of bacterial proteins. Later we confirmed serralysin was a vital toxic protein from SM that caused M. separata death by prokaryotic expression. In addition, we also found that the intestinal tissue cells infected with SM or serralysin were severely diseased, which may be a major factor in M. separata demise. Finally, through gene expression level, protein molecular docking, we found the aminopeptidase-N would be one of the potential receptors of serralysin. Taken together, our findings indicate that sugarcane endophyte S. marcescens may be beneficial for pest control in sugarcane and explain its insecticidal mechanism. This study provides new ideas and materials for the biological control of pests.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong-Jiang Lin
- National Engineering Research Center of Sugarcane, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, PR China
| | - Jiang-Xiong Zhou
- National Engineering Research Center of Sugarcane, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, PR China
| | - Ahmad Ali
- National Engineering Research Center of Sugarcane, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, PR China
| | - Hua-Ying Fu
- National Engineering Research Center of Sugarcane, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, PR China
| | - San-Ji Gao
- National Engineering Research Center of Sugarcane, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, PR China
| | - Lin Jin
- College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, PR China
| | - Yong Fang
- Hunan Agricultural Biotechnology Research Institute, Hunan Academy of Agriculture science, Changsha, Hunan 410125, PR China
| | - Jin-da Wang
- National Engineering Research Center of Sugarcane, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, PR China.
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Geremew D, Shiberu T, Leta A. Isolation, morphological characterization, and screening virulence of Beauveria bassiana and Metarhizium robertsii fungal isolates in Galleria mellonella. F1000Res 2024; 12:827. [PMID: 38434644 PMCID: PMC10905152 DOI: 10.12688/f1000research.134020.2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/15/2024] [Indexed: 03/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Entomopathogenic fungi exists naturally in plants as an asymptote and have the potential to reduce the population of insect pests through indirect interactions. This study was conducted to detect and characterize the endophytic fungi Beauveria bassiana and Metarhizium robertsii from the rhizosphere soil of tomato plants and their virulence effect on Galleria melonella. Methods From the rhizosphere soil of 40 tomato fields, three Beauveria bassiana and seven Metarhizium robertsii isolates were isolated using the galleria bait method. All fungi isolate were morphologically characterized by their colony color, shape, and surface texture. Isolates with the highest percentages of germination, conidial yield, and radial growth were selected, and their virulence was evaluated on second instar larvae of Galleria melonella under laboratory conditions. Results In this study, Beauveria bassiana showed white colony color and aseptate hyphae, whereas Metarhizium robertsii showed dark green to light green colony color and septate hyphal structures. Maximum spore production and conidial length were obtained by Beauveria bassiana isolate APPRC-27 with 2.67x10 7 spores ml -1 and 3.24 µm, respectively. Colony radial growth rates ranged from 1.73 to 3.24 mm day -1. The results revealed that the highest mortality rate of Galleria melonella (100%) was obtained by Metarhizium robertsii isolates K-61 and K-102 at a concentration of 1x10 8 conidial ml -1 at 7 days post-inoculation. The lowest mortality rate was registered by Metarhizium robertsii isolate RST-11. Conclusions In the present study, isolates that produced the most spores and had the highest germination rates were the most virulent to Galleria mellonella second instar larvae. Therefore, virulent entomopathogenic fungi, Beauveria bassiana and Metarhizium robertsii, are promising bioagents for the control of insect pests.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dereje Geremew
- Ethiopian Institute of Agricultural Research,Ambo Agriculture Research Center, Ambo, Ethiopia
| | | | - Ararsa Leta
- Ambo University, Ambo, Oromia, 1000, Ethiopia
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Cavazos-Vallejo T, Valadez-Lira JA, Orozco-Flores AA, Gomez-Flores R, Ek-Ramos MJ, Quistián-Martínez D, Alcocer-González JM, Tamez-Guerra P. In Planta Detection of Beauveria bassiana (Ascomycota: Hypocreales) Strains as Endophytes in Bean ( Phaseolus vulgaris L.). PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 13:22. [PMID: 38202330 PMCID: PMC10781017 DOI: 10.3390/plants13010022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2023] [Revised: 11/28/2023] [Accepted: 12/12/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024]
Abstract
Beauveria bassiana (B. bassiana) is a significant entomopathogenic fungus (EPF) in agriculture as a sprayable biocontrol agent. It has the potential to be established as an endophyte (ENP) in various crops, resulting in beneficial effects for the host plants, including resistance to pest insects and increased growth and yield. However, it is not known whether a B. bassiana strain has such a favorable impact on the plant, since it is a common soil microorganism. Therefore, techniques that allow strain monitoring will be advantageous. To date, methods for detecting or monitoring a specific EPF strain after external application are scarce. In the present study, an in planta nested PCR technique was standardized to differentiate between three B. bassiana strains (GHA, PTG4, and BB37) established as endophytes in bean plants under laboratory conditions by detecting the insertion profile of four group I introns located in the 28S gene of B. bassiana ribosomal DNA. This technique recognized a distinct pattern of bands of different sizes for each strain, with a sensitivity of 1 pg per 10 ng of plant DNA. This molecular approach may be more effective monitoring B. bassiana strains after application to evaluate their significance on crops.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teodora Cavazos-Vallejo
- Departamento de Microbiología e Inmunología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas (FCB), Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León (UANL), Avenida Pedro de Alba S/N, Ciudad Universitaria, San Nicolás de los Garza C.P. 66451, Nuevo León, Mexico; (T.C.-V.); (J.A.V.-L.); (A.A.O.-F.); (R.G.-F.); (M.J.E.-R.); (J.M.A.-G.)
| | - José Alberto Valadez-Lira
- Departamento de Microbiología e Inmunología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas (FCB), Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León (UANL), Avenida Pedro de Alba S/N, Ciudad Universitaria, San Nicolás de los Garza C.P. 66451, Nuevo León, Mexico; (T.C.-V.); (J.A.V.-L.); (A.A.O.-F.); (R.G.-F.); (M.J.E.-R.); (J.M.A.-G.)
| | - Alonso A. Orozco-Flores
- Departamento de Microbiología e Inmunología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas (FCB), Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León (UANL), Avenida Pedro de Alba S/N, Ciudad Universitaria, San Nicolás de los Garza C.P. 66451, Nuevo León, Mexico; (T.C.-V.); (J.A.V.-L.); (A.A.O.-F.); (R.G.-F.); (M.J.E.-R.); (J.M.A.-G.)
| | - Ricardo Gomez-Flores
- Departamento de Microbiología e Inmunología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas (FCB), Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León (UANL), Avenida Pedro de Alba S/N, Ciudad Universitaria, San Nicolás de los Garza C.P. 66451, Nuevo León, Mexico; (T.C.-V.); (J.A.V.-L.); (A.A.O.-F.); (R.G.-F.); (M.J.E.-R.); (J.M.A.-G.)
| | - María Julissa Ek-Ramos
- Departamento de Microbiología e Inmunología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas (FCB), Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León (UANL), Avenida Pedro de Alba S/N, Ciudad Universitaria, San Nicolás de los Garza C.P. 66451, Nuevo León, Mexico; (T.C.-V.); (J.A.V.-L.); (A.A.O.-F.); (R.G.-F.); (M.J.E.-R.); (J.M.A.-G.)
| | - Deyanira Quistián-Martínez
- Departamento de Botánica, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Avenida Pedro de Alba S/N, Ciudad Universitaria, San Nicolás de los Garza C.P. 66451, Nuevo León, Mexico;
| | - Juan Manuel Alcocer-González
- Departamento de Microbiología e Inmunología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas (FCB), Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León (UANL), Avenida Pedro de Alba S/N, Ciudad Universitaria, San Nicolás de los Garza C.P. 66451, Nuevo León, Mexico; (T.C.-V.); (J.A.V.-L.); (A.A.O.-F.); (R.G.-F.); (M.J.E.-R.); (J.M.A.-G.)
| | - Patricia Tamez-Guerra
- Departamento de Microbiología e Inmunología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas (FCB), Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León (UANL), Avenida Pedro de Alba S/N, Ciudad Universitaria, San Nicolás de los Garza C.P. 66451, Nuevo León, Mexico; (T.C.-V.); (J.A.V.-L.); (A.A.O.-F.); (R.G.-F.); (M.J.E.-R.); (J.M.A.-G.)
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Pandey P, Tripathi A, Dwivedi S, Lal K, Jhang T. Deciphering the mechanisms, hormonal signaling, and potential applications of endophytic microbes to mediate stress tolerance in medicinal plants. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1250020. [PMID: 38034581 PMCID: PMC10684941 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1250020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2023] [Accepted: 10/30/2023] [Indexed: 12/02/2023]
Abstract
The global healthcare market in the post-pandemic era emphasizes a constant pursuit of therapeutic, adaptogenic, and immune booster drugs. Medicinal plants are the only natural resource to meet this by supplying an array of bioactive secondary metabolites in an economic, greener and sustainable manner. Driven by the thrust in demand for natural immunity imparting nutraceutical and life-saving plant-derived drugs, the acreage for commercial cultivation of medicinal plants has dramatically increased in recent years. Limited resources of land and water, low productivity, poor soil fertility coupled with climate change, and biotic (bacteria, fungi, insects, viruses, nematodes) and abiotic (temperature, drought, salinity, waterlogging, and metal toxicity) stress necessitate medicinal plant productivity enhancement through sustainable strategies. Plants evolved intricate physiological (membrane integrity, organelle structural changes, osmotic adjustments, cell and tissue survival, reclamation, increased root-shoot ratio, antibiosis, hypersensitivity, etc.), biochemical (phytohormones synthesis, proline, protein levels, antioxidant enzymes accumulation, ion exclusion, generation of heat-shock proteins, synthesis of allelochemicals. etc.), and cellular (sensing of stress signals, signaling pathways, modulating expression of stress-responsive genes and proteins, etc.) mechanisms to combat stresses. Endophytes, colonizing in different plant tissues, synthesize novel bioactive compounds that medicinal plants can harness to mitigate environmental cues, thus making the agroecosystems self-sufficient toward green and sustainable approaches. Medicinal plants with a host set of metabolites and endophytes with another set of secondary metabolites interact in a highly complex manner involving adaptive mechanisms, including appropriate cellular responses triggered by stimuli received from the sensors situated on the cytoplasm and transmitting signals to the transcriptional machinery in the nucleus to withstand a stressful environment effectively. Signaling pathways serve as a crucial nexus for sensing stress and establishing plants' proper molecular and cellular responses. However, the underlying mechanisms and critical signaling pathways triggered by endophytic microbes are meager. This review comprehends the diversity of endophytes in medicinal plants and endophyte-mediated plant-microbe interactions for biotic and abiotic stress tolerance in medicinal plants by understanding complex adaptive physiological mechanisms and signaling cascades involving defined molecular and cellular responses. Leveraging this knowledge, researchers can design specific microbial formulations that optimize plant health, increase nutrient uptake, boost crop yields, and support a resilient, sustainable agricultural system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Praveen Pandey
- Microbial Technology Department, CSIR-Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, Lucknow, India
- Division of Plant Breeding and Genetic Resource Conservation, CSIR-Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, Lucknow, India
| | - Arpita Tripathi
- Microbial Technology Department, CSIR-Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, Lucknow, India
- Faculty of Education, Teerthanker Mahaveer University, Moradabad, India
| | - Shweta Dwivedi
- Division of Plant Breeding and Genetic Resource Conservation, CSIR-Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, Lucknow, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, India
| | - Kanhaiya Lal
- Division of Plant Breeding and Genetic Resource Conservation, CSIR-Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, Lucknow, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, India
| | - Tripta Jhang
- Division of Plant Breeding and Genetic Resource Conservation, CSIR-Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, Lucknow, India
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Chen YJ, Chen HJ, Chung WH. Endophytic Fungal Diversity in Cirsium kawakamii from Taiwan. J Fungi (Basel) 2023; 9:1076. [PMID: 37998881 PMCID: PMC10671896 DOI: 10.3390/jof9111076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2023] [Revised: 11/02/2023] [Accepted: 11/02/2023] [Indexed: 11/25/2023] Open
Abstract
The endophytic fungal diversity of Cirsium kawakamii, a herb indigenous to Taiwan, was analyzed in this study. In addition, some fungal isolates were evaluated for the risk they pose as plant pathogens. In total, 1836 endophytic fungi were isolated from C. kawakamii from Hehuanjian, Puli Township, and Tatachia. They were classified into 2 phyla, 8 classes, 40 families, and 68 genera. Colletotrichum, Fusarium, Phomopsis, and Xylaria, (Ascomycota, Sordariomycetes) were the dominant genera. The genus accumulation curve (based on the bootstrap estimator) was non-asymptotic, with estimated richness significantly exceeding the richness captured by our sampling to date. Considering the collection time, the data indicated significant differences in the proportions of the C. kawakamii endophyte genus from Hehuanjan, Puli Township (across two seasons), and Tatachia. The Shannon and Gini-Simpson indices revealed variations in diversity, with C. kawakamii endophytes (Puli Township in winter) significantly reducing alpha diversity compared with other seasons and locations. Meanwhile, the Gini-Simpson index suggested that there were no significant differences in richness among the four sampling sites. The PCA results unveiled distinct community structures across different locations and seasons, explaining 46.73% of the total variation in fungal community composition significantly affected diversity and richness. In addition, a considerable number of Fusarium isolates exhibited harmful properties towards wheat, potatoes, and apples. It is postulated that these fungi belong to the Fusarium tricinctum species complex (FTSC).
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Jeng Chen
- Department of Plant Medicine, National Chiayi University, Chiayi 600, Taiwan;
| | - Hui-Juan Chen
- Department of Plant Pathology, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 402, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Hsin Chung
- Department of Plant Pathology, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 402, Taiwan
- Master Program in Plant Medicine and Good Agricultural Practice, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 402, Taiwan
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12
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Hu D, Long X, Luobu T, Wang Q. Current status of research on endophytes of traditional Tibetan medicinal plant and their metabolites. 3 Biotech 2023; 13:338. [PMID: 37705864 PMCID: PMC10495306 DOI: 10.1007/s13205-023-03720-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2023] [Accepted: 07/29/2023] [Indexed: 09/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, known as the "Third Pole of the World," has a rich variety of medicinal plants that play an important role in the field of medicine due to its unique geographical environment. However, due to the limited resources of Tibetan medicinal plants and the fragility of the ecological environment of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, more and more Tibetan medicinal plants are on the verge of extinction. As a reservoir of biologically active metabolites, endophytes of medicinal plants produce a large number of compounds with potential applications in modern medicine (including antibacterial, immunosuppressive, antiviral, and anticancer) and are expected to be substitutes for Tibetan medicinal plants. This paper reviews 12 Tibetan medicinal plants from the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, highlighting the diversity of their endophytes, the diversity of their metabolites and their applications. The results show that the endophytes of Tibetan medicinal plants are remarkably diverse, and the efficacy of their metabolites involves various aspects, such as antioxidant, anti-disease and anti-parasitic. In addition, conservation measures for the resources of Tibetan medicinal plants are summarised to provide a reference for an in-depth understanding of the endophytes of Tibetan medicinal plants and to stimulate the scientific community to bioprospect for the endophytes of Tibetan medicinal plants, as well as to provide ideas for their rational exploitation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danni Hu
- Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, China
| | | | - Tudan Luobu
- Pharmacy Department, Tibetan Hospital of Gongga County, Shannan, China
| | - Qi Wang
- Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, China
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13
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Bagci I, Suzuki K, Asiloglu R, Harada N. The Application of Organic Matter Temporarily Shifts Carrot Prokaryotic Communities in the Endosphere but Not in the Rhizosphere. Microorganisms 2023; 11:2377. [PMID: 37894035 PMCID: PMC10608867 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11102377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2023] [Revised: 09/18/2023] [Accepted: 09/19/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Endophytic prokaryotes, bacteria, and archaea, are important microorganisms that benefit host plants by promoting plant growth and reducing stress. The objective of this study was to evaluate temporal shifts in the root endophytic prokaryotic communities associated with carrots (Daucus carota subsp. sativus) and the effect of organic matter application on them. Carrots were grown in a planter under five fertilizer treatments (weed compost, bark compost, cattle manure, chemical fertilizer, and no-fertilizer control) and the compositions of rhizosphere and root endosphere prokaryotic communities were determined via amplicon sequencing analysis targeting the 16S rRNA gene at 60 and 108 days after sowing. The results showed that the rhizosphere prokaryotic community compositions were stable despite different sampling times and fertilizer treatments; however, a greater temporal shift and an effect of the type of organic matter applied were observed in the endosphere prokaryotic communities. The differences in treatments resulted in significant differences in the abundance and Faith pyrogenetic diversity of the endosphere prokaryotic community. Genera, such as Burkholderia, Sphingomonas, and Rhodanobacter, that exhibit plant-growth-promoting and biocontrol activities, were detected regardless of the treatments, suggesting that they may play an important ecological role as the core endophytes in carrot roots.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irem Bagci
- Graduate School of Science and Technology, Niigata University, Niigata 950-2181, Japan;
| | - Kazuki Suzuki
- Institute of Science and Technology, Niigata University, Niigata 950-2181, Japan; (K.S.); (R.A.)
| | - Rasit Asiloglu
- Institute of Science and Technology, Niigata University, Niigata 950-2181, Japan; (K.S.); (R.A.)
| | - Naoki Harada
- Institute of Science and Technology, Niigata University, Niigata 950-2181, Japan; (K.S.); (R.A.)
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14
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Fanele A, Ndlovu SI. Endophytic fungal species Nigrospora oryzae and Alternaria alternata exhibit antimicrobial activity against gram-positive and gram-negative multi-drug resistant clinical bacterial isolates. BMC Complement Med Ther 2023; 23:323. [PMID: 37715184 PMCID: PMC10504728 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-023-04157-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2022] [Accepted: 09/07/2023] [Indexed: 09/17/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The emergence of multidrug-resistant pathogens and the lack of new antimicrobial drugs is a major public health concern that needs urgent and innovative solutions. Endophytic fungi living in unique niches such as in endosymbiosis with plants are increasingly drawing attention as alternative sources of novel and chemically diverse compounds with unique mechanisms of action. METHODS In the present study, ten endophytic fungi isolated from the medicinal plant, Sclerocarya birrea were screened for bioactivity against a panel of indicator bacteria. Three bioactive endophytic fungi (strains P02PL2, P02MS1, and P02MS2A) were selected and identified through ITS-rDNA sequencing. The whole broth extracts of the three selected isolates were further screened against contemporary drug-resistant bacterial pathogens. This was followed by partial purification by solid phase extraction and GC-MS analysis of bioactive fractions. RESULTS The bioactive endophytic fungi were identified as Alternaria alternata species (strains P02PL2 and P02MS1) and Nigrospora oryzae (strain P02MS2A). The whole broth extracts from N. oryzae P02MS2A exhibited a MIC of one μg/mL and 16 μg/mL against gram-negative, MDR Pseudomonas 5625574 and gram-positive MRSA 25775 clinical isolates, respectively. After partial purification and GC-MS analysis of whole broth extract from A. alternaria PO2MS1, 2-fluorobenzoic acid heptadecyl was putatively identified as the active compound in fraction C of this extract. This compound was also putatively identified in fraction E of A. alternata P02PL2, fraction B of A. alternata P02MS1 and fraction B of N. oryzae P02MS2A, and interestingly, all these fractions retained activity against the two MDR clinical isolates. CONCLUSION The putative identification of 2-fluorobenzoic acid heptadecyl compound showing a broad-spectrum of activity, more especially against gram-negative MDR contemporary pathogens is highly encouraging in the initiative at developing novel drugs to combat multi-drug resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asiphe Fanele
- Discipline of Medical Microbiology, School of Laboratory Medicine and Medical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
| | - Sizwe I Ndlovu
- Department of Biotechnology and Food Technology, Doornfontein Campus, University of Johannesburg, Johannesburg, South Africa.
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Zafar S, Armaghan M, Khan K, Hassan N, Sharifi-Rad J, Habtemariam S, Kieliszek M, Butnariu M, Bagiu IC, Bagiu RV, Cho WC. New insights into the anticancer therapeutic potential of maytansine and its derivatives. Biomed Pharmacother 2023; 165:115039. [PMID: 37364476 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2023.115039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2023] [Revised: 06/19/2023] [Accepted: 06/20/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Maytansine is a pharmacologically active 19-membered ansamacrolide derived from various medicinal plants and microorganisms. Among the most studied pharmacological activities of maytansine over the past few decades are anticancer and anti-bacterial effects. The anticancer mechanism of action is primarily mediated through interaction with the tubulin thereby inhibiting the assembly of microtubules. This ultimately leads to decreased stability of microtubule dynamics and cause cell cycle arrest, resulting in apoptosis. Despite its potent pharmacological effects, the therapeutic applications of maytansine in clinical medicine are quite limited due to its non-selective cytotoxicity. To overcome these limitations, several derivatives have been designed and developed mostly by modifying the parent structural skeleton of maytansine. These structural derivatives exhibit improved pharmacological activities as compared to maytansine. The present review provides a valuable insight into maytansine and its synthetic derivatives as anticancer agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sameen Zafar
- Department of Healthcare Biotechnology, Atta-ur-Rahman School of Applied Biosciences, National University of Sciences and Technology, Islamabad, Punjab, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Armaghan
- Department of Healthcare Biotechnology, Atta-ur-Rahman School of Applied Biosciences, National University of Sciences and Technology, Islamabad, Punjab, Pakistan
| | - Khushbukhat Khan
- Department of Healthcare Biotechnology, Atta-ur-Rahman School of Applied Biosciences, National University of Sciences and Technology, Islamabad, Punjab, Pakistan.
| | - Nazia Hassan
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Agriculture Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | | | - Solomon Habtemariam
- Pharmacognosy Research & Herbal Analysis Services UK, University of Greenwich, Central Avenue, Chatham-Maritime, Kent ME4 4TB, UK.
| | - Marek Kieliszek
- Department of Food Biotechnology and Microbiology, Institute of Food Sciences, Warsaw University of Life Sciences-SGGW, Nowoursynowska 159 C, 02-776 Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Monica Butnariu
- University of Life Sciences "King Mihai I" from Timisoara, 300645, Calea Aradului 119, Timis, Romania.
| | - Iulia-Cristina Bagiu
- Victor Babes University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Timisoara, Department of Microbiology, Timisoara, Romania; Multidisciplinary Research Center on Antimicrobial Resistance, Timisoara, Romania
| | - Radu Vasile Bagiu
- Victor Babes University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Timisoara, Department of Microbiology, Timisoara, Romania; Preventive Medicine Study Center, Timisoara, Romania
| | - William C Cho
- Department of Clinical Oncology, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Kowloon, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region.
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Kaur G, Patel A, Dwibedi V, Rath SK. Harnessing the action mechanisms of microbial endophytes for enhancing plant performance and stress tolerance: current understanding and future perspectives. Arch Microbiol 2023; 205:303. [PMID: 37561224 DOI: 10.1007/s00203-023-03643-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2023] [Revised: 07/11/2023] [Accepted: 07/28/2023] [Indexed: 08/11/2023]
Abstract
Microbial endophytes are microorganisms that reside within plant tissues without causing any harm to their hosts. These microorganisms have been found to confer a range of benefits to plants, including increased growth and stress tolerance. In this review, we summarize the recent advances in our understanding of the mechanisms by which microbial endophytes confer abiotic and biotic stress tolerance to their host plants. Specifically, we focus on the roles of endophytes in enhancing nutrient uptake, modulating plant hormones, producing secondary metabolites, and activating plant defence responses. We also discuss the challenges associated with developing microbial endophyte-based products for commercial use, including product refinement, toxicology analysis, and prototype formulation. Despite these challenges, there is growing interest in the potential applications of microbial endophytes in agriculture and environmental remediation. With further research and development, microbial endophyte-based products have the potential to play a significant role in sustainable agriculture and environmental management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gursharan Kaur
- University Institute of Biotechnology, Chandigarh University, Mohali, 140413, India
| | - Arvind Patel
- University Institute of Biotechnology, Chandigarh University, Mohali, 140413, India
| | - Vagish Dwibedi
- University Institute of Biotechnology, Chandigarh University, Mohali, 140413, India.
- Institute of Soil, Water and Environmental Sciences, Volcani Resaerch Center, Agricultural Research Organization, 7528809, Rishon Lezion, Israel.
| | - Santosh Kumar Rath
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Pharmaceuticals and Population Health Informatics, Faculty of Pharmacy, DIT University, Dehradun, 248009, Uttarakhand, India.
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Huang M, Chen L, Ma J, Mo J, He L, Liang Q, Peng G, Tan Z. Biological functions of endophytic bacteria in Robinia pseudoacacia 'Hongsen '. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1128727. [PMID: 37621396 PMCID: PMC10446884 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1128727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2022] [Accepted: 07/17/2023] [Indexed: 08/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Endophytes and their host plants have co-evolved for a very long time. This relationship has led to the general recognition of endophytes as a particular class of microbial resources. R. pseudoacacia 'Hongsen' is drought- and barren-resistant species that can be grown in both the north and south of China, efficiently addresses the ecological issues caused by China's 'southern eucalyptus and northern poplar. Up to date, cultured-dependent studies are available for the R. pseudoacacia nitrogen-fixing and other endophytes. Therefore, the present research studied the R. pseudoacacia 'Hongsen,' microbiome in detail by high-throughput sequencing and culture dependant. Methods This study examined microbial species and functional diversity in Robinia pseudoacacia 'Hongsen' using culture-dependent (isolation) and culture-independent techniques. Results A total of 210 isolates were isolated from R. pseudoacacia 'Hongsen.' These isolates were clustered into 16 groups by the In Situ PCR (IS-PCR) fingerprinting patterns. 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis of the representative strain of each group revealed that these groups belonged to 16 species of 8 genera, demonstrating the diversity of endophytes in R. pseudoacacia 'Hongsen'. 'Bacillus is the most prevalent genus among all the endophytic bacteria. High-throughput sequencing of endophytic bacteria from R. pseudoacacia 'Hongsen' of the plant and the rhizosphere soil bacteria showed that the bacterial populations of soil near the root, leaf, and rhizosphere differed significantly. The microbial abundance decreased in the endophytes as compared to the rhizosphere. We observed a similar community structure of roots and leaves. With and without root nodules, Mesorhizobium sp. was significantly different in R. pseudoacacia 'Hongsen' plant. Discussion It was predicted that R. pseudoacacia 'Hongsen' plant endophytic bacteria would play a significant role in the metabolic process, such as carbohydrate metabolism, amino acid metabolism, membrane transport, and energy metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minqing Huang
- College of Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lijing Chen
- College of Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jiasi Ma
- College of Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jingzhi Mo
- College of Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lu He
- College of Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qihua Liang
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Guixiang Peng
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhiyuan Tan
- College of Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
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Jha P, Kaur T, Chhabra I, Panja A, Paul S, Kumar V, Malik T. Endophytic fungi: hidden treasure chest of antimicrobial metabolites interrelationship of endophytes and metabolites. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1227830. [PMID: 37497538 PMCID: PMC10366620 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1227830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2023] [Accepted: 06/26/2023] [Indexed: 07/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Endophytic fungi comprise host-associated fungal communities which thrive within the tissues of host plants and produce a diverse range of secondary metabolites with various bioactive attributes. The metabolites such as phenols, polyketides, saponins, alkaloids help to mitigate biotic and abiotic stresses, fight against pathogen attacks and enhance the plant immune system. We present an overview of the association of endophytic fungal communities with a plant host and discuss molecular mechanisms induced during their symbiotic interaction. The overview focuses on the secondary metabolites (especially those of terpenoid nature) secreted by endophytic fungi and their respective function. The recent advancement in multi-omics approaches paved the way for identification of these metabolites and their characterization via comparative analysis of extensive omics datasets. This study also elaborates on the role of diverse endophytic fungi associated with key agricultural crops and hence important for sustainability of agriculture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priyanka Jha
- Department of Biotechnology, Lovely Faculty of Technology and Sciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, Punjab, India
| | - Tamanna Kaur
- Department of Biotechnology, Lovely Faculty of Technology and Sciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, Punjab, India
| | | | - Avirup Panja
- Amity Institute of Biotechnology, Amity University, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
| | - Sushreeta Paul
- Amity Institute of Biotechnology, Amity University, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
| | - Vijay Kumar
- Department of Biotechnology, Lovely Faculty of Technology and Sciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, Punjab, India
| | - Tabarak Malik
- Biomedical Sciences, Institute of Health, Jimma University, Jimma, Ethiopia
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Edet ML, Hemalatha S. Identification of natural CTXM-15 inhibitors from aqueous extract of endophytic bacteria Cronobactersakazaki. Braz J Microbiol 2023; 54:827-839. [PMID: 36899290 PMCID: PMC10234978 DOI: 10.1007/s42770-023-00945-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2022] [Accepted: 02/28/2023] [Indexed: 03/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Nyctanthes arbor-tristis is one of India's valuable and populous medicinal plants which belongs to the family Oleaceae, and widely recognize as night jasmine. Over the years till date, different parts of the plant are used to treat or cure different ailments via various means of traditional medicine. Endophytes are organisms that live in the cell or body of other organisms with no apparent negative impact on the host which they inhabit and are of great source of novel bioactive compounds possessing important economic value. Secondary metabolites were identified in the aqueous extract of Cronobactersakazakii through quantitative phytochemical and GC-MS analysis. Antibacterial activity of the extract against clinical and ATCC strains of E. coli was assessed. Biological activity spectra of these compounds were predicted and categorized either as probably active (Pa) or probably inactive (Pi). Drug-likeness of bioactive compounds was determined as well as their ability to target protein (CTXM-15) responsible for antibiotic resistance in Gram-negative bacteria. Results revealed the presence of active compounds with pharmacological activities and considerable pharmacokinetics parameters. In addition, ligand-protein interactions of compounds with CTXM-15 proteins were identified. These results suggest that bioactive compounds of endophytic Cronobactersakazakii could contain novel chemical entities for the development of antibiotics against pathogenic microbes and other drugs for the amelioration of several infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Love Edet
- School of Life Sciences, B. S Abdul Rahman Crescent Institute of Science and Technology, Vandalur, Chennai, India
| | - S Hemalatha
- School of Life Sciences, B. S Abdul Rahman Crescent Institute of Science and Technology, Vandalur, Chennai, India.
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Nzimande B, Makhwitine JP, Mkhwanazi NP, Ndlovu SI. Developments in Exploring Fungal Secondary Metabolites as Antiviral Compounds and Advances in HIV-1 Inhibitor Screening Assays. Viruses 2023; 15:v15051039. [PMID: 37243125 DOI: 10.3390/v15051039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2023] [Revised: 04/16/2023] [Accepted: 04/19/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
The emergence of drug-resistant Human Immunodeficiency Virus-1 strains against anti-HIV therapies in the clinical pipeline, and the persistence of HIV in cellular reservoirs remains a significant concern. Therefore, there is a continuous need to discover and develop new, safer, and effective drugs targeting novel sites to combat HIV-1. The fungal species are gaining increasing attention as alternative sources of anti-HIV compounds or immunomodulators that can escape the current barriers to cure. Despite the potential of the fungal kingdom as a source for diverse chemistries that can yield novel HIV therapies, there are few comprehensive reports on the progress made thus far in the search for fungal species with the capacity to produce anti-HIV compounds. This review provides insights into the recent research developments on natural products produced by fungal species, particularly fungal endophytes exhibiting immunomodulatory or anti-HIV activities. In this study, we first explore currently existing therapies for various HIV-1 target sites. Then we assess the various activity assays developed for gauging antiviral activity production from microbial sources since they are crucial in the early screening phases for discovering novel anti-HIV compounds. Finally, we explore fungal secondary metabolites compounds that have been characterized at the structural level and demonstrate their potential as inhibitors of various HIV-1 target sites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruce Nzimande
- Discipline of Medical Microbiology, School of Laboratory Medicine and Medical Sciences, Medical School, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban 4000, South Africa
| | - John P Makhwitine
- Discipline of Medical Microbiology, School of Laboratory Medicine and Medical Sciences, Medical School, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban 4000, South Africa
| | - Nompumelelo P Mkhwanazi
- HIV Pathogenesis Programme, Doris Duke Medical Research Institute, School of Laboratory Medicine and Medical Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban 4000, South Africa
| | - Sizwe I Ndlovu
- Department of Biotechnology and Food Technology, Doornfontein Campus, University of Johannesburg, Johannesburg 2028, South Africa
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Devi R, Verma R, Dhalaria R, Kumar A, Kumar D, Puri S, Thakur M, Chauhan S, Chauhan PP, Nepovimova E, Kuca K. A systematic review on endophytic fungi and its role in the commercial applications. PLANTA 2023; 257:70. [PMID: 36856911 DOI: 10.1007/s00425-023-04087-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2022] [Accepted: 02/02/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
MAIN CONCLUSION EF have been explored for its beneficial impact on environment and for its commercial applications. It has proved its worth in these sectors and showed an impact on biological properties of plants by producing various bioactive molecules and enzymes. Endophytes are plant mutualists that live asymptomatically within plant tissues and exist in almost every plant species. Endophytic fungi benefit from the host plant nutrition, and the host plant gains improved competitive abilities and tolerance against pathogens, herbivores, and various abiotic stresses. Endophytic fungi are one of the most inventive classes which produce secondary metabolites and play a crucial role in human health and other biotic aspects. This review is focused on systematic study on the biodiversity of endophytic fungi in plants, and their role in enhancing various properties of plants such as antimicrobial, antimycobacterial, antioxidant, cytotoxic, anticancer, and biological activity of secondary metabolites produced by various fungal endophytes in host plants reported from 1994 to 2021. This review emphasizes the endophytic fungal population shaped by host genotype, environment, and endophytic fungi genotype affecting host plant. The impact of endophytic fungi has been discussed in detail which influences the commercial properties of plants. Endophytes also have an influence on plant productivity by increasing parameters such as nutrient recycling and phytostimulation. Studies focusing on mechanisms that regulate attenuation of secondary metabolite production in EF would provide much needed impetus on ensuring continued production of bioactive molecules from a indubitable source. If this knowledge is further extensively explored regarding fungal endophytes in plants for production of potential phytochemicals, then it will help in exploring a keen area of interest for pharmacognosy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reema Devi
- School of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Shoolini University of Biotechnology and Management Sciences, Solan, H.P., 173229, India
| | - Rachna Verma
- School of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Shoolini University of Biotechnology and Management Sciences, Solan, H.P., 173229, India.
| | - Rajni Dhalaria
- School of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Shoolini University of Biotechnology and Management Sciences, Solan, H.P., 173229, India
| | - Ashwani Kumar
- Patanjali Herbal Research Department, Patanjali Research Institute, Haridwar, Uttarakhand, 249405, India
| | - Dinesh Kumar
- School of Bioengineering and Food Technology, Shoolini University of Biotechnology and Business Management, Solan, H.P., 173229, India
| | - Sunil Puri
- School of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Shoolini University of Biotechnology and Management Sciences, Solan, H.P., 173229, India
| | - Monika Thakur
- School of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Shoolini University of Biotechnology and Management Sciences, Solan, H.P., 173229, India
| | - Saurav Chauhan
- School of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Shoolini University of Biotechnology and Management Sciences, Solan, H.P., 173229, India
| | - Prem Parkash Chauhan
- Lal Bahadur Shastri Government Degree College, Saraswati Nagar, Shimla, H.P., 171206, India
| | - Eugenie Nepovimova
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Hradec Kralove, 50003, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | - Kamil Kuca
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Hradec Kralove, 50003, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic.
- Biomedical Research Center, University Hospital Hradec Kralove, 50005, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic.
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Ogbe AA, Gupta S, Stirk WA, Finnie JF, Van Staden J. Growth-Promoting Characteristics of Fungal and Bacterial Endophytes Isolated from a Drought-Tolerant Mint Species Endostemon obtusifolius (E. Mey. ex Benth.) N. E. Br. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:plants12030638. [PMID: 36771720 PMCID: PMC9921005 DOI: 10.3390/plants12030638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2022] [Revised: 01/11/2023] [Accepted: 01/24/2023] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Endophytes are primarily endosymbiotic bacteria and fungi that colonize the interior tissues of their host plant. They enhance the host plant's growth and attenuate adverse effects of biological stress. Endophytic species of many indigenous plants are an untapped resource of plant growth-promoting microorganisms that can mitigate abiotic stress effects. Thus, this study aimed to isolate endophytes from the roots and leaves of the medicinal plant Endostemon obtusifolius to evaluate their in vitro growth-promoting capacities and drought tolerance and to characterize the most promising species. Twenty-six endophytes (fourteen bacteria and twelve fungi) were isolated and cultured from the roots and leaves of E. obtusifolius. All 26 endophytes produced flavonoids, and 14 strains produced phenolic compounds. Of the 11 strains that displayed good free radical scavenging capability (low IC50) in the 1-1-diphenyl-1-picryhydrazyl radical scavenging assay, only three strains could not survive the highest drought stress treatment (40% polyethylene glycol). These 11 strains were all positive for ammonia and siderophore production and only one strain failed to produce hydrogen cyanide and solubilize phosphate. Seven isolates showed aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate deaminase activity and differentially synthesized indole-3-acetic acid. Using molecular tools, two promising symbiotic, drought stress tolerant, and plant growth-enhancing endophytic species (EORB-2 and EOLF-5) were identified as Paenibacillus polymyxa and Fusarium oxysporum. The results of this study demonstrate that P. polymyxa and F. oxysporum should be further investigated for their drought stress mitigation and plant growth enhancement effects as they have the potential to be developed for use in sustainable agricultural practices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdulazeez A. Ogbe
- Research Centre for Plant Growth and Development, School of Life Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal Pietermaritzburg, Private Bag X01, Scottsville 3209, South Africa
- Department of Botany, Lagos State University, Km 15, Badagry Expressway, Lasu Post Office, Ojo, P.O. Box 0001, Lagos 102101, Nigeria
| | - Shubhpriya Gupta
- Research Centre for Plant Growth and Development, School of Life Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal Pietermaritzburg, Private Bag X01, Scottsville 3209, South Africa
- Laboratory of Growth Regulators, Faculty of Science, Palacký University & Institute of Experimental Botany AS CR, v.v.i, Šlechtitelů 11, 78371 Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Wendy A. Stirk
- Research Centre for Plant Growth and Development, School of Life Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal Pietermaritzburg, Private Bag X01, Scottsville 3209, South Africa
| | - Jeffrey F. Finnie
- Research Centre for Plant Growth and Development, School of Life Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal Pietermaritzburg, Private Bag X01, Scottsville 3209, South Africa
| | - Johannes Van Staden
- Research Centre for Plant Growth and Development, School of Life Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal Pietermaritzburg, Private Bag X01, Scottsville 3209, South Africa
- Correspondence:
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Tiwari P, Kang S, Bae H. Plant-endophyte associations: Rich yet under-explored sources of novel bioactive molecules and applications. Microbiol Res 2023; 266:127241. [DOI: 10.1016/j.micres.2022.127241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2022] [Revised: 09/15/2022] [Accepted: 10/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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24
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Alijani Z, Amini J, Karimi K, Pertot I. Characterization of the Mechanism of Action of Serratia rubidaea Mar61-01 against Botrytis cinerea in Strawberries. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 12:154. [PMID: 36616283 PMCID: PMC9823761 DOI: 10.3390/plants12010154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2022] [Revised: 12/24/2022] [Accepted: 12/26/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Several bacterial strains belonging to Serratia spp. possess biocontrol capability, both against phytopathogens and human pathogenic species, thanks to the production of secondary metabolites, including as a red-pink, non-diffusible pigment, 2-methyl-3-pentyl-6-methoxyprodiginine (prodigiosin). Botrytis cinerea is the causal agent of gray mold, which is an economically relevant disease of many crops worldwide. Gray mold is normally controlled by chemical fungicides, but the environmental and health concerns about the overuse of pesticides call for environmentally friendly approaches, such as the use of biocontrol agents. In this study, the efficacy of a specific strain of Serratia rubidaea (Mar61-01) and its metabolite prodigiosin were assessed against B. cinerea under in vitro and in vivo conditions. This strain was effective against B. cinerea, and the effect of prodigiosin was confirmed under in vitro and in vivo conditions. The strain suppressed mycelial growth of B. cinerea (71.72%) in the dual-culture method. The volatile compounds produced by the strain inhibited mycelial growth and conidia germination of B. cinerea by 65.01% and 71.63%, respectively. Efficacy of prodigiosin produced by S. rubidaea Mar61-01 on mycelial biomass of B. cinerea was 94.15% at the highest concentration tested (420 µg/mL). The effect of prodigiosin on plant enzymes associated with induction of resistance was also studied, indicating that the activity of polyphenol oxidase (PPO), superoxide dismutase (SOD) and phenylalanine ammonia lyase (PAL) were increased when prodigiosin was added to the B. cinerea inoculum on strawberry fruits, while catalase (CAT) and peroxidase (POD) did not change. In addition, the volatile organic compounds (VOCs) produced by S. rubidaea Mar61-01 reduced mycelial growth and inhibited conidial germination of B. cinerea in vitro. The findings confirmed the relevant role of prodigiosin produced by S. rubidaea Mar61-01 in the biocontrol of B. cinerea of strawberries, but also indicate that there are multiple mechanisms of action, where the VOCs produced by the bacterium and the plant-defense reaction may contribute to the control of the phytopathogen. Serratia rubidaea Mar61-01 could be a suitable strain, both to enlarge our knowledge about the potential of Serratia as a biocontrol agent of B. cinerea and to develop new biofungicides to protect strawberries in post-harvest biocontrol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zahra Alijani
- Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Kurdistan, Sanandaj P.O. Box 416, Iran
| | - Jahanshir Amini
- Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Kurdistan, Sanandaj P.O. Box 416, Iran
| | - Kaivan Karimi
- Safiabad Agricultural Research and Education and Natural Resources Center, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Dezful P.O. Box 333, Iran
| | - Ilaria Pertot
- Research and Innovation Center, Fondazione Edmund Mach (FEM), 38010 San Michele all’Adige, Italy
- Center Agriculture Food Environment (C3A), University of Trento, 38010 San Michele all’Adige, Italy
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Kumari M, Qureshi KA, Jaremko M, White J, Singh SK, Sharma VK, Singh KK, Santoyo G, Puopolo G, Kumar A. Deciphering the role of endophytic microbiome in postharvest diseases management of fruits: Opportunity areas in commercial up-scale production. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:1026575. [PMID: 36466226 PMCID: PMC9716317 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.1026575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2022] [Accepted: 10/13/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
As endophytes are widely distributed in the plant's internal compartments and despite having enormous potential as a biocontrol agent against postharvest diseases of fruits, the fruit-endophyte-pathogen interactions have not been studied detail. Therefore, this review aims to briefly discuss the colonization patterns of endophytes and pathogens in the host tissue, the diversity and distribution patterns of endophytes in the carposphere of fruits, and host-endophyte-pathogen interactions and the molecular mechanism of the endophytic microbiome in postharvest disease management in fruits. Postharvest loss management is one of the major concerns of the current century. It is considered a critical challenge to food security for the rising global population. However, to manage the postharvest loss, still, a large population relies on chemical fungicides, which affect food quality and are hazardous to health and the surrounding environment. However, the scientific community has searched for alternatives for the last two decades. In this context, endophytic microorganisms have emerged as an economical, sustainable, and viable option to manage postharvest pathogens with integral colonization properties and eliciting a defense response against pathogens. This review extensively summarizes recent developments in endophytic interactions with harvested fruits and pathogens-the multiple biocontrol traits of endophytes and colonization and diversity patterns of endophytes. In addition, the upscale commercial production of endophytes for postharvest disease treatment is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madhuree Kumari
- Department of Biochemistry, Indian Institute of Science, Bengaluru, India
| | - Kamal A. Qureshi
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Unaizah College of Pharmacy, Qassim University, Unaizah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mariusz Jaremko
- Smart-Health Initiative (SHI) and Red Sea Research Center (R.S.R.C.), Division of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Engineering (B.E.S.E.), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (K.A.U.S.T.), Thuwal, Saudi Arabia
| | - James White
- Department of Plant Biology, Rutgers University, The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ, United States
| | - Sandeep Kumar Singh
- Division of Microbiology, Indian Council of Agricultural Research (ICAR), New Delhi, India
| | - Vijay Kumar Sharma
- Centre of Advanced Study in Botany, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India
| | | | - Gustavo Santoyo
- Instituto de Investigaciones Químico Biológicas, Universidad Michoacana de San Nicolás de Hidalgo, Morelia, Mexico
| | - Gerardo Puopolo
- Center Agriculture Food Environment, University of Trento, Trentino, TN, Italy
| | - Ajay Kumar
- Centre of Advanced Study in Botany, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India
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Wong Chin JM, Puchooa D, Bahorun T, Neergheen VS, Aullybux AA, Beedessee G, Nazurally N, Alrefaei AF, Jeewon R. Metabarcoding assessment of fungal diversity in brown algae and sponges of Mauritius. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:1003790. [PMID: 36386692 PMCID: PMC9649896 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.1003790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2022] [Accepted: 09/30/2022] [Indexed: 09/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Marine fungi are largely associated with second most inhabitants of the marine ecosystem such as sponges and algae. They are important colonizers and play vital ecological roles, such as nutrient cycling, organic matter decomposition, and symbiosis with other organisms. High throughput sequencing methods have been used successfully to reveal unknown fungal communities associated with a number of hosts particularly in the marine environment. However, the diversity of marine fungi associated with sponges and brown algae in Mauritius remains largely unknown. Traditional methods based on culturing do not provide reliable estimate of fungal diversity as only those that are able to grow under laboratory conditions are dominant; in addition, a large proportion of fungi, cultured in vitro remain most of the time unidentifiable, given that there are no sporulating structures to be examined morphologically. To overcome these limitations, we employed Illumina sequencing to unravel fungi species present in the sponges, Iotrochota sp. and Biemna sp. and the brown algae Turbinaria conoides, Sargassum pfeifferae, and Sargassum obovatum, collected from the north of Mauritius. Diversity analyses revealed that Biemna sp. had the highest diversity from the sampled sponges with fungi from 24 orders being recovered while from brown algae; Turbinaria conoides had the highest diversity with recovery of fungal taxa of the orders Botryosphaeriales, Chaetothyriales, Eurotiales, Hypocreales, and Mucorales with the latter four orders being common in both sampled algae and sponges. Beta diversity analyses revealed clustering only in the algae, Turbinaria conoides, and Sargassum pfeifferae and not in the co-occurring sponges, indicating that sampling location did not have much influence on fungal diversity. Our findings provide the first amplicon sequencing based insights of the fungal communities associated with macro-algae and sponges in Mauritius and supplements research on the fungal community existing in the oceans around the world.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica Mélanie Wong Chin
- Department of Agricultural and Food Science, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Mauritius, Réduit, Mauritius
- Biopharmaceutical Unit, Center for Biomedical and Biomaterials Research (CBBR), University of Mauritius, Réduit, Mauritius
| | - Daneshwar Puchooa
- Department of Agricultural and Food Science, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Mauritius, Réduit, Mauritius
| | - Theeshan Bahorun
- Biopharmaceutical Unit, Center for Biomedical and Biomaterials Research (CBBR), University of Mauritius, Réduit, Mauritius
- Department of Biosciences and Ocean Studies, Faculty of Science, University of Mauritius, Réduit, Mauritius
| | - Vidushi S. Neergheen
- Biopharmaceutical Unit, Center for Biomedical and Biomaterials Research (CBBR), University of Mauritius, Réduit, Mauritius
| | - Aadil Ahmad Aullybux
- Department of Agricultural and Food Science, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Mauritius, Réduit, Mauritius
| | - Girish Beedessee
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Nadeem Nazurally
- Department of Agricultural and Food Science, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Mauritius, Réduit, Mauritius
| | | | - Rajesh Jeewon
- Department of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Mauritius, Réduit, Mauritius
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Chaudhary P, Agri U, Chaudhary A, Kumar A, Kumar G. Endophytes and their potential in biotic stress management and crop production. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:933017. [PMID: 36325026 PMCID: PMC9618965 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.933017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2022] [Accepted: 09/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Biotic stress is caused by harmful microbes that prevent plants from growing normally and also having numerous negative effects on agriculture crops globally. Many biotic factors such as bacteria, fungi, virus, weeds, insects, and nematodes are the major constrains of stress that tends to increase the reactive oxygen species that affect the physiological and molecular functioning of plants and also led to the decrease in crop productivity. Bacterial and fungal endophytes are the solution to overcome the tasks faced with conventional farming, and these are environment friendly microbial commodities that colonize in plant tissues without causing any damage. Endophytes play an important role in host fitness, uptake of nutrients, synthesis of phytohormone and diminish the injury triggered by pathogens via antibiosis, production of lytic enzymes, secondary metabolites, and hormone activation. They are also reported to help plants in coping with biotic stress, improving crops and soil health, respectively. Therefore, usage of endophytes as biofertilizers and biocontrol agent have developed an eco-friendly substitute to destructive chemicals for plant development and also in mitigation of biotic stress. Thus, this review highlighted the potential role of endophytes as biofertilizers, biocontrol agent, and in mitigation of biotic stress for maintenance of plant development and soil health for sustainable agriculture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parul Chaudhary
- Govind Ballabh Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Upasana Agri
- Govind Ballabh Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar, Uttarakhand, India
| | | | - Ashish Kumar
- Govind Ballabh Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Govind Kumar
- Indian Council of Agricultural Research (ICAR)-Central Institute for Subtropical Horticulture, Lucknow, India
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28
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Abo-Kadoum MA, Abouelela ME, Al Mousa AA, Abo-Dahab NF, Mosa MA, Helmy YA, Hassane AMA. Resveratrol biosynthesis, optimization, induction, bio-transformation and bio-degradation in mycoendophytes. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:1010332. [PMID: 36304949 PMCID: PMC9593044 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.1010332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2022] [Accepted: 08/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Resveratrol (3,4,5-trihydroxystilbene) is a naturally occurring polyphenolic stilbene compound produced by certain plant species in response to biotic and abiotic factors. Resveratrol has sparked a lot of interest due to its unique structure and approved therapeutic properties for the prevention and treatment of many diseases such as neurological disease, cardiovascular disease, diabetes, inflammation, cancer, and Alzheimer's disease. Over the last few decades, many studies have focused on the production of resveratrol from various natural sources and the optimization of large-scale production. Endophytic fungi isolated from various types of grapevines and Polygonum cuspidatum, the primary plant sources of resveratrol, demonstrated intriguing resveratrol-producing ability. Due to the increasing demand for resveratrol, one active area of research is the use of endophytic fungi and metabolic engineering techniques for resveratrol's large-scale production. The current review addresses an overview of endophytic fungi as a source for production, as well as biosynthesis pathways and relevant genes incorporated in resveratrol biosynthesis. Various approaches for optimizing resveratrol production from endophytic fungi, as well as their bio-transformation and bio-degradation, are explained in detail.
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Affiliation(s)
- M. A. Abo-Kadoum
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Al-Azhar University, Assiut, Egypt
| | - Mohamed E. Abouelela
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Azhar University, Assiut, Egypt
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, United States
| | - Amal A. Al Mousa
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nageh F. Abo-Dahab
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Al-Azhar University, Assiut, Egypt
| | - Mohamed A. Mosa
- Nanotechnology and Advanced Nano-Materials Laboratory (NANML), Plant Pathology Research Institute, Agricultural Research Center, Giza, Egypt
| | - Yosra A. Helmy
- Department of Veterinary Science, College of Agriculture, Food and Environment, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, United States
- Department of Animal Hygiene, Zoonoses and Animal Ethology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, Egypt
| | - Abdallah M. A. Hassane
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Al-Azhar University, Assiut, Egypt
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The Neuroprotective Potential of Endophytic Fungi and Proposed Molecular Mechanism: A Current Update. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2022; 2022:6214264. [PMID: 36217430 PMCID: PMC9547681 DOI: 10.1155/2022/6214264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2022] [Accepted: 09/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Millions of people are affected by neuronal disorders that are emerging as a principal cause of death after cancer. Alzheimer's disease, ataxia, Parkinson's disease, multiple system atrophy, and autism comprise the most common ones, being accompanied by loss of cognitive power, impaired balance, and movement. In past decades, natural polyphenols obtained from different sources including bacteria, fungi, and plants have been utilized in the traditional system of medicine for the treatment of several ailments. Endophytes are one such natural producer of secondary metabolites, namely, polyphenols, which exhibit strong abilities to assist in the management of such affections, through modifying multiple therapeutic targets and weaken their complex physiology. Limited research has been conducted in detail on bioactive compounds present in the endophytic fungi and their neuroprotective effects. Therefore, this review aims to provide an update on scientific evidences related to the pharmacological and clinical potential along with proposed molecular mechanism of action of endophytes for neuronal protection.
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Mataranyika PN, Chimwamurombe PM, Venturi V, Uzabakiriho JD. Bacterial bioinoculants adapted for sustainable plant health and soil fertility enhancement in Namibia. FRONTIERS IN SUSTAINABLE FOOD SYSTEMS 2022. [DOI: 10.3389/fsufs.2022.1002797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The increase in dryland agriculture elicits the need to develop sustainable practices that improve crop yield and protect soil fertility. The use of biofertilisers adapted to nutrient deficient soils and arid climates would help achieve this. In this review, the use of plant growth-promoting bacteria is explored as a possible solution to the current state of dryland agriculture and climate change threats to agriculture. Plant microbe interactions form the basis of this review as evidence has shown that these interactions often exist to improve the health of plants. This is achieved by the production of important biochemicals and enzymes like indole acetic acid and amino cyclopropane-1-carboxylate deaminase while also actively protecting plants from pathogens including fungal pathogens. Research, therefore, has shown that these plant-growth promoting bacteria may be exploited and developed into biofertilisers. These biofertilisers are both economically and environmentally sustainable while improving soil quality and crop yield. The literature presented in this review is in context of the Namibian climate and soil profiles.
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Liu SS, Huang R, Zhang SP, Xu TC, Hu K, Wu SH. Antimicrobial secondary metabolites from an endophytic fungus Aspergillus polyporicola. Fitoterapia 2022; 162:105297. [PMID: 36096278 DOI: 10.1016/j.fitote.2022.105297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2022] [Revised: 09/02/2022] [Accepted: 09/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Two new nucleoside derivatives, kipukasins O (1) and P (2), one new cyclohexenone derivative, arthropsadiol D (5), and one new natural product, (+)-2,5-dimethyl-3(2H)-benzofuranone (6), together with eleven known compounds (3, 4, 7-15), were obtained from the culture broth of the endophytic fungus Aspergillus polyporicola R2 isolated from the roots of Synsepalum dulcificum. Among them, the absolute configuration of compound 5 was determined by quantum chemical calculations of NMR chemical shifts and ECD spectrum. The antimicrobial activities of these compounds were evaluated. Compound 11 exhibited obvious inhibitory activity against MRSA, Staphylococcus aureus, Salmonella typhimurium, Botrytis cinerea, and Fusarium graminearum with MIC values of 4, 4, 4, 32, and 16 μg/mL, respectively. Compound 12 exhibited antibacterial activity against S. typhimurium and MRSA with MIC values of 4 and 16 μg/mL. Compound 6 exhibited antifungal activity against F. graminearum with MIC value of 32 μg/mL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Si-Si Liu
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resources in Yunnan, and Key Laboratory for Microbial Resources of the Ministry of Education, Yunnan Institute of Microbiology, School of Life Sciences, Yunnan University, Kunming 650091, China
| | - Rong Huang
- School of Chemical Science and Technology, Yunnan University, Kunming 650091, China
| | - Shou-Peng Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resources in Yunnan, and Key Laboratory for Microbial Resources of the Ministry of Education, Yunnan Institute of Microbiology, School of Life Sciences, Yunnan University, Kunming 650091, China
| | - Tang-Chang Xu
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resources in Yunnan, and Key Laboratory for Microbial Resources of the Ministry of Education, Yunnan Institute of Microbiology, School of Life Sciences, Yunnan University, Kunming 650091, China
| | - Kun Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, and Yunnan Key Laboratory of Natural Medicinal Chemistry, Kunming 650201, China
| | - Shao-Hua Wu
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resources in Yunnan, and Key Laboratory for Microbial Resources of the Ministry of Education, Yunnan Institute of Microbiology, School of Life Sciences, Yunnan University, Kunming 650091, China.
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Salvi P, Mahawar H, Agarrwal R, Kajal, Gautam V, Deshmukh R. Advancement in the molecular perspective of plant-endophytic interaction to mitigate drought stress in plants. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:981355. [PMID: 36118190 PMCID: PMC9478035 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.981355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2022] [Accepted: 08/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Change in global climate has started to show its effect in the form of extremes of temperatures and water scarcity which is bound to impact adversely the global food security in near future. In the current review we discuss the impact of drought on plants and highlight the ability of endophytes, microbes that inhabit the plants asymptomatically, to confer stress tolerance to their host. For this we first describe the symbiotic association between plant and the endophytes and then focus on the molecular and physiological strategies/mechanisms adopted by these endophytes to confer stress tolerance. These include root alteration, osmotic adjustment, ROS scavenging, detoxification, production of phytohormones, and promoting plant growth under adverse conditions. The review further elaborates on how omics-based techniques have advanced our understanding of molecular basis of endophyte mediated drought tolerance of host plant. Detailed analysis of whole genome sequences of endophytes followed by comparative genomics facilitates in identification of genes involved in endophyte-host interaction while functional genomics further unveils the microbial targets that can be exploited for enhancing the stress tolerance of the host. Thus, an amalgamation of endophytes with other sustainable agricultural practices seems to be an appeasing approach to produce climate-resilient crops.
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Zhang T, Xiong J, Tian R, Li Y, Zhang Q, Li K, Xu X, Liang L, Zheng Y, Tian B. Effects of single- and mixed-bacterial inoculation on the colonization and assembly of endophytic communities in plant roots. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:928367. [PMID: 36105708 PMCID: PMC9464981 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.928367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2022] [Accepted: 07/28/2022] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The introduction and inoculation of beneficial bacteria in plants have consistently been considered as one of the most important ways to improve plant health and production. However, the effects of bacterial inoculation on the community assembly and composition of the root endophytic microbiome remain largely unknown. In this study, 55 strains were randomly isolated from tomato roots and then inoculated into wheat seeds singly or in combination. Most of the isolated bacterial strains showed an ability to produce lignocellulose-decomposing enzymes and promote plant growth. The results demonstrated that bacterial inoculation had a significant effect on the wheat root endophytic microbiome. The wheat root samples inoculated with single-bacterial species were significantly separated into two groups (A and B) that had different community structures and compositions. Among these, root endophytic communities for most wheat samples inoculated with a single-bacterial strain (Group A) were predominated by one or several bacterial species, mainly belonging to Enterobacterales. In contrast, only a few of the root samples inoculated with a single-bacterial strain (Group B) harbored a rich bacterial flora with relatively high bacterial diversity. However, wheat roots inoculated with a mixed bacterial complex were colonized by a more diverse and abundant bacterial flora, which was mainly composed of Enterobacterales, Actinomycetales, Bacillales, Pseudomonadales, and Rhizobiales. The results demonstrated that inoculation with bacterial complexes could help plants establish more balanced and beneficial endophytic communities. In most cases, bacterial inoculation does not result in successful colonization by the target bacterium in wheat roots. However, bacterial inoculation consistently had a significant effect on the root microbiome in plants. CAP analysis demonstrated that the variation in wheat root endophytic communities was significantly related to the taxonomic status and lignocellulose decomposition ability of the inoculated bacterial strain (p < 0.05). To reveal the role of lignocellulose degradation in shaping the root endophytic microbiome in wheat, four bacterial strains with different colonization abilities were selected for further transcriptome sequencing analysis. The results showed that, compared with that in the dominant bacterial species Ent_181 and Ent_189 of Group A, the expression of lignocellulose-decomposing enzymes was significantly downregulated in Bac_133 and Bac_71 (p < 0.05). In addition, we found that the dominant bacterial species of the tomato endophytic microbiome were more likely to become dominant populations in the wheat root microbiome. In general, our results demonstrated that lignocellulose-decomposing enzymes played a vital role in the formation of endophytes and their successful colonization of root tissues. This finding establishes a theoretical foundation for the development of broad-spectrum probiotics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Zhang
- The Provincial University Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Response and Metabolic Regulation, College of Life Sciences, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Juan Xiong
- The Provincial University Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Response and Metabolic Regulation, College of Life Sciences, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Rongchuan Tian
- College of Biological Science and Engineering, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Ye Li
- The Provincial University Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Response and Metabolic Regulation, College of Life Sciences, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Qinyi Zhang
- The Provincial University Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Response and Metabolic Regulation, College of Life Sciences, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Ke Li
- The Provincial University Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Response and Metabolic Regulation, College of Life Sciences, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Xiaohong Xu
- Library, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Lianming Liang
- Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-resources, Yunnan University, Kunming, China
| | - Yi Zheng
- The Provincial University Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Response and Metabolic Regulation, College of Life Sciences, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Baoyu Tian
- The Provincial University Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Response and Metabolic Regulation, College of Life Sciences, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, China
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Byregowda R, Prasad SR, Oelmüller R, Nataraja KN, Prasanna Kumar MK. Is Endophytic Colonization of Host Plants a Method of Alleviating Drought Stress? Conceptualizing the Hidden World of Endophytes. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23169194. [PMID: 36012460 PMCID: PMC9408852 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23169194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2022] [Revised: 08/12/2022] [Accepted: 08/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
In the wake of changing climatic conditions, plants are frequently exposed to a wide range of biotic and abiotic stresses at various stages of their development, all of which negatively affect their growth, development, and productivity. Drought is one of the most devastating abiotic stresses for most cultivated crops, particularly in arid and semiarid environments. Conventional breeding and biotechnological approaches are used to generate drought-tolerant crop plants. However, these techniques are costly and time-consuming. Plant-colonizing microbes, notably, endophytic fungi, have received increasing attention in recent years since they can boost plant growth and yield and can strengthen plant responses to abiotic stress. In this review, we describe these microorganisms and their relationship with host plants, summarize the current knowledge on how they “reprogram” the plants to promote their growth, productivity, and drought tolerance, and explain why they are promising agents in modern agriculture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roopashree Byregowda
- Department of Seed Science and Technology, University of Agricultural Sciences, Bangalore 560065, India
- Department of Plant Physiology, Matthias Schleiden Institute of Genetics, Bioinformatics and Molecular Botany, Friedrich-Schiller-University, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | | | - Ralf Oelmüller
- Department of Plant Physiology, Matthias Schleiden Institute of Genetics, Bioinformatics and Molecular Botany, Friedrich-Schiller-University, 07743 Jena, Germany
- Correspondence:
| | - Karaba N. Nataraja
- Department of Crop Physiology, University of Agricultural Sciences, Bangalore 560065, India
| | - M. K. Prasanna Kumar
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of Agricultural Sciences, Bangalore 560065, India
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Abdul Hamid NW, Nadarajah K. Microbe Related Chemical Signalling and Its Application in Agriculture. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23168998. [PMID: 36012261 PMCID: PMC9409198 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23168998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2022] [Revised: 07/31/2022] [Accepted: 08/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The agriculture sector has been put under tremendous strain by the world’s growing population. The use of fertilizers and pesticides in conventional farming has had a negative impact on the environment and human health. Sustainable agriculture attempts to maintain productivity, while protecting the environment and feeding the global population. The importance of soil-dwelling microbial populations in overcoming these issues cannot be overstated. Various processes such as rhizospheric competence, antibiosis, release of enzymes, and induction of systemic resistance in host plants are all used by microbes to influence plant-microbe interactions. These processes are largely founded on chemical signalling. Producing, releasing, detecting, and responding to chemicals are all part of chemical signalling. Different microbes released distinct sorts of chemical signal molecules which interacts with the environment and hosts. Microbial chemicals affect symbiosis, virulence, competence, conjugation, antibiotic production, motility, sporulation, and biofilm growth, to name a few. We present an in-depth overview of chemical signalling between bacteria-bacteria, bacteria-fungi, and plant-microbe and the diverse roles played by these compounds in plant microbe interactions. These compounds’ current and potential uses and significance in agriculture have been highlighted.
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Villalobos-Flores LE, Espinosa-Torres SD, Hernández-Quiroz F, Piña-Escobedo A, Cruz-Narváez Y, Velázquez-Escobar F, Süssmuth R, García-Mena J. The Bacterial and Fungal Microbiota of the Mexican Rubiaceae Family Medicinal Plant Bouvardia ternifolia. MICROBIAL ECOLOGY 2022; 84:510-526. [PMID: 34553243 DOI: 10.1007/s00248-021-01871-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2021] [Accepted: 09/10/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Bouvardia ternifolia is a medicinal plant considered a source of therapeutic compounds, like the antitumoral cyclohexapeptide bouvardin. It is known that large number of secondary metabolites produced by plants results from the interaction of the host and adjacent or embedded microorganisms. Using high-throughput DNA sequencing of V3-16S and V5-18S ribosomal gene libraries, we characterized the endophytic, endophytic + epiphyte bacterial, and fungal communities associated to flowers, leaves, stems, and roots, as well as the rhizosphere. The Proteobacteria (average 80.7%) and Actinobacteria (average 14.7%) were the most abundant bacterial phyla, while Leotiomycetes (average 54.8%) and Dothideomycetes (average 27.4%) were the most abundant fungal classes. Differential abundance for the bacterial endophyte group showed a predominance of Erwinia, Propionibacterium, and Microbacterium genera, while Sclerotinia, Coccomyces, and Calycina genera predominated for fungi. The predictive metagenome analysis for bacteria showed significative abundance of pathways for secondary metabolite production, while a FUNguild analysis revealed the presence of pathotroph, symbiotroph, and saprotrophs in the fungal community. Intra and inter copresence and mutual exclusion interactions were identified for bacterial and fungal kingdoms in the endophyte communities. This work provides a description of the diversity and composition of bacterial and fungal microorganisms living in flowers, leaves, stems, roots, and the rhizosphere of this medicinal plant; thus, it paves the way towards an integral understanding in the production of therapeutic metabolites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Loan Edel Villalobos-Flores
- Departamento de Genética y Biología Molecular, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional (Cinvestav), Avenida Instituto Politécnico Nacional 2508, 07360, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Samuel David Espinosa-Torres
- Departamento de Genética y Biología Molecular, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional (Cinvestav), Avenida Instituto Politécnico Nacional 2508, 07360, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Fernando Hernández-Quiroz
- Departamento de Genética y Biología Molecular, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional (Cinvestav), Avenida Instituto Politécnico Nacional 2508, 07360, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Alberto Piña-Escobedo
- Departamento de Genética y Biología Molecular, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional (Cinvestav), Avenida Instituto Politécnico Nacional 2508, 07360, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Yair Cruz-Narváez
- Laboratorio de Posgrado de Operaciones Unitarias, Escuela Superior de Ingeniería Química E Industrias Extractivas del Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Unidad Profesional Adolfo López Mateos, 07738, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Francisco Velázquez-Escobar
- Max Volmer Laboratorium Für Biophysikalische Chemie Technische Universität Berlin, Technische Universität Berlin, Str. des 17. Juni 135/Sekr. PC-14, 10623, Berlin, Germany
| | - Roderich Süssmuth
- Department of Chemistry, Institut Für Chemie, Technische Universität Berlin, Sekr. TC 2, Straße des 17. Juni 124, 10623, Berlin, Germany
| | - Jaime García-Mena
- Departamento de Genética y Biología Molecular, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional (Cinvestav), Avenida Instituto Politécnico Nacional 2508, 07360, Ciudad de México, Mexico.
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Ganie SA, Bhat JA, Devoto A. The influence of endophytes on rice fitness under environmental stresses. PLANT MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2022; 109:447-467. [PMID: 34859329 PMCID: PMC9213282 DOI: 10.1007/s11103-021-01219-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2021] [Accepted: 11/08/2021] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
KEY MESSAGE Endophytes are crucial for the promotion of rice growth and stress tolerance and can be used to increase rice crop yield. Endophytes can thus be exploited in biotechnology and genetic engineering as eco-friendly and cost-effective means for the development of high-yielding and stress-tolerant rice plants. Rice (Oryza sativa) crop is continuously subjected to biotic and abiotic stresses, compromising growth and consequently yield. The situation is exacerbated by climate change impacting on ecosystems and biodiversity. Genetic engineering has been used to develop stress-tolerant rice, alongside physical and chemical methods to mitigate the effect of these stresses. However, the success of these strategies has been hindered by short-lived field success and public concern on adverse effects associated. The limited success in the field of stress-tolerant cultivars developed through breeding or transgenic approaches is due to the complex nature of stress tolerance as well as to the resistance breakdown caused by accelerated evolution of pathogens. It is therefore necessary to develop novel and acceptable strategies to enhance rice stress tolerance and durable resistance and consequently improve yield. In the last decade, plant growth promoting (PGP) microbes, especially endophytes, have drawn the attention of agricultural scientists worldwide, due to their ability to mitigate environmental stresses in crops, without causing adverse effects. Increasing evidence indicates that endophytes effectively confer fitness benefits also to rice under biotic and abiotic stress conditions. Endophyte-produced metabolites can control the expression of stress-responsive genes and improve the physiological performance and growth of rice plants. This review highlights the current evidence available for PGP microbe-promoted tolerance of rice to abiotic stresses such as salinity and drought and to biotic ones, with special emphasis on endophytes. Associated molecular mechanisms are illustrated, and prospects for sustainable rice production also in the light of the impending climate change, discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Showkat Ahmad Ganie
- Plant Molecular Science and Centre of Systems and Synthetic Biology, Department of Biological Sciences, Royal Holloway University of London, Egham, Surrey, TW20 0EX, UK
| | - Javaid Akhter Bhat
- State Key Laboratory for Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, College of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China.
| | - Alessandra Devoto
- Plant Molecular Science and Centre of Systems and Synthetic Biology, Department of Biological Sciences, Royal Holloway University of London, Egham, Surrey, TW20 0EX, UK.
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Ladha JK, Peoples MB, Reddy PM, Biswas JC, Bennett A, Jat ML, Krupnik TJ. Biological nitrogen fixation and prospects for ecological intensification in cereal-based cropping systems. FIELD CROPS RESEARCH 2022; 283:108541. [PMID: 35782167 PMCID: PMC9133800 DOI: 10.1016/j.fcr.2022.108541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2021] [Revised: 03/29/2022] [Accepted: 04/03/2022] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
The demand for nitrogen (N) for crop production increased rapidly from the middle of the twentieth century and is predicted to at least double by 2050 to satisfy the on-going improvements in productivity of major food crops such as wheat, rice and maize that underpin the staple diet of most of the world's population. The increased demand will need to be fulfilled by the two main sources of N supply - biological nitrogen (gas) (N2) fixation (BNF) and fertilizer N supplied through the Haber-Bosch processes. BNF provides many functional benefits for agroecosystems. It is a vital mechanism for replenishing the reservoirs of soil organic N and improving the availability of soil N to support crop growth while also assisting in efforts to lower negative environmental externalities than fertilizer N. In cereal-based cropping systems, legumes in symbiosis with rhizobia contribute the largest BNF input; however, diazotrophs involved in non-symbiotic associations with plants or present as free-living N2-fixers are ubiquitous and also provide an additional source of fixed N. This review presents the current knowledge of BNF by free-living, non-symbiotic and symbiotic diazotrophs in the global N cycle, examines global and regional estimates of contributions of BNF, and discusses possible strategies to enhance BNF for the prospective benefit of cereal N nutrition. We conclude by considering the challenges of introducing in planta BNF into cereals and reflect on the potential for BNF in both conventional and alternative crop management systems to encourage the ecological intensification of cereal and legume production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jagdish K. Ladha
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Mark B. Peoples
- Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation, Canberra, Australia
| | | | | | - Alan Bennett
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Mangi L. Jat
- International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center, New Delhi, India
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Lu L, Karunarathna SC, Hyde KD, Suwannarach N, Elgorban AM, Stephenson SL, Al-Rejaie S, Jayawardena RS, Tibpromma S. Endophytic Fungi Associated with Coffee Leaves in China Exhibited In Vitro Antagonism against Fungal and Bacterial Pathogens. J Fungi (Basel) 2022; 8:jof8070698. [PMID: 35887454 PMCID: PMC9317674 DOI: 10.3390/jof8070698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2022] [Revised: 06/24/2022] [Accepted: 06/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Coffee endophytes have been studied for almost 74 years, and several studies have demonstrated coffee-endophytic fungi with antibacterial and antifungal potential for human and plant pathogens. In this study, we isolated and identified a total of 235 strains of endophytic fungi from coffee leaf tissues collected in four coffee plantations in Pu’er city, Yunnan province, China. Molecular identification was carried out using maximum likelihood phylogenetic analysis of nuclear ribosomal internal transcribed spacer (ITS1-5.8S rDNA-ITS2) sequences, while the colonization rate and the isolation frequency were also calculated. Two pathogenic fungi (Alternaria alternata and Penicillium digitatum) and two pathogenic bacteria (Pseudomonas syringae and Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica) were used for screening the antagonistic activities of 61 strains of coffee-endophytic fungi by a dual-culture test assay while maximum likelihood phylogenetic analysis confirmed their natural classification. This is the first study of coffee-leaf-endophytic fungal diversity in China, and the results revealed that coffee-endophytic fungi from this study belong to the Ascomycota, distributed among two classes, 10 orders, and 17 families. Concurrently, endophytic fungi isolates distributed in Arthrinium, Biscogniauxia, Daldinia, Diaporthe, and Nigrospora showed strong antagonistic activities against the pathogens. For the pathogens Alternaria alternata and Pseudomonas syringae, Nigrospora XCE-7 showed the best inhibitory effects with inhibition rates of 71.76% and 61.11%, respectively. For the pathogen Penicillium digitatum, Daldinia ME-9 showed the best inhibitory effect with a 74.67% inhibition rate, while Biscogniauxia PTE-7 and Daldinia T5E-1-3 showed the best inhibitory effect with a rate of 60.42% against the pathogen Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica. Overall, our study shows the diversity of coffee endophytes in four coffee-growing areas in Pu’er city, Yunnan province, China, and their potential use as biological control agents against two fungal and two bacterial pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Lu
- Center for Yunnan Plateau Biological Resources Protection and Utilization, Yunnan Engineering Research Center of Fruit Wine, College of Biological Resource and Food Engineering, Qujing Normal University, Qujing 655011, China; (L.L.); (S.C.K.)
- Center of Excellence in Fungal Research, Mae Fah Luang University, Chiang Rai 57100, Thailand; (K.D.H.); (R.S.J.)
- School of Science, Mae Fah Luang University, Chiang Rai 57100, Thailand
| | - Samantha C. Karunarathna
- Center for Yunnan Plateau Biological Resources Protection and Utilization, Yunnan Engineering Research Center of Fruit Wine, College of Biological Resource and Food Engineering, Qujing Normal University, Qujing 655011, China; (L.L.); (S.C.K.)
| | - Kevin D. Hyde
- Center of Excellence in Fungal Research, Mae Fah Luang University, Chiang Rai 57100, Thailand; (K.D.H.); (R.S.J.)
- School of Science, Mae Fah Luang University, Chiang Rai 57100, Thailand
- Innovative Institute for Plant Health, Zhong Kai University, Guangzhou 510550, China
| | - Nakarin Suwannarach
- Research Center of Microbial Diversity and Sustainable Utilization, Faculty of Science, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand;
| | - Abdallah M. Elgorban
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh P.O. Box 145111, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Steven L. Stephenson
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR 72701, USA;
| | - Salim Al-Rejaie
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh P.O. Box 145111, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Ruvishika S. Jayawardena
- Center of Excellence in Fungal Research, Mae Fah Luang University, Chiang Rai 57100, Thailand; (K.D.H.); (R.S.J.)
- School of Science, Mae Fah Luang University, Chiang Rai 57100, Thailand
| | - Saowaluck Tibpromma
- Center for Yunnan Plateau Biological Resources Protection and Utilization, Yunnan Engineering Research Center of Fruit Wine, College of Biological Resource and Food Engineering, Qujing Normal University, Qujing 655011, China; (L.L.); (S.C.K.)
- Correspondence:
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Mohamad OAA, Liu YH, Li L, Ma JB, Huang Y, Gao L, Fang BZ, Wang S, El-Baz AF, Jiang HC, Li WJ. Synergistic Plant-Microbe Interactions between Endophytic Actinobacteria and Their Role in Plant Growth Promotion and Biological Control of Cotton under Salt Stress. Microorganisms 2022; 10:microorganisms10050867. [PMID: 35630312 PMCID: PMC9143301 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms10050867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2022] [Revised: 04/11/2022] [Accepted: 04/15/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Bacterial endophytes are well-acknowledged inoculants to promote plant growth and enhance their resistance toward various pathogens and environmental stresses. In the present study, 71 endophytic strains associated with the medicinal plant Thymus roseus were screened for their plant growth promotion (PGP), and the applicability of potent strains as bioinoculant has been evaluated. Regarding PGP traits, the percentage of strains were positive for the siderophore production (84%), auxin synthesis (69%), diazotrophs (76%), phosphate solubilization (79%), and production of lytic enzymes (i.e., cellulase (64%), lipase (62%), protease (61%), chitinase (34%), and displayed antagonistic activity against Verticillium dahliae (74%) in vitro. The inoculation of strain XIEG05 and XIEG12 enhanced plant tolerance to salt stress significantly (p < 0.05) through the promotion of shoot, root development, and reduced the activities of antioxidant enzymes (SOD, POD, and CAT), compared with uninoculated controls in vivo. Furthermore, inoculation of strain XIEG57 was capable of reducing cotton disease incidence (DI) symptoms caused by V. dahliae at all tested salt concentrations. The GC-MS analysis showed that many compounds are known to have antimicrobial and antifungal activity. Our findings provide valuable information for applying strains XIEG05 and XIEG12 as bioinoculant fertilizers and biological control agent of cotton under saline soil conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Osama Abdalla Abdelshafy Mohamad
- State Key Laboratory of Desert and Oasis Ecology, Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi 830011, China; (Y.-H.L.); (J.-B.M.); (Y.H.); (L.G.); (B.-Z.F.)
- Department of Biological, Marine Sciences and Environmental Agriculture, Institute for Post Graduate Environmental Studies, Arish University, Al-Arish 45511, Egypt
- Department of Environmental Protection, Faculty of Environmental Agricultural Sciences, Arish University, Al-Arish 45511, Egypt
- Correspondence: (O.A.A.M.); (L.L.); (W.-J.L.)
| | - Yong-Hong Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Desert and Oasis Ecology, Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi 830011, China; (Y.-H.L.); (J.-B.M.); (Y.H.); (L.G.); (B.-Z.F.)
| | - Li Li
- State Key Laboratory of Desert and Oasis Ecology, Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi 830011, China; (Y.-H.L.); (J.-B.M.); (Y.H.); (L.G.); (B.-Z.F.)
- Correspondence: (O.A.A.M.); (L.L.); (W.-J.L.)
| | - Jin-Biao Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Desert and Oasis Ecology, Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi 830011, China; (Y.-H.L.); (J.-B.M.); (Y.H.); (L.G.); (B.-Z.F.)
| | - Yin Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Desert and Oasis Ecology, Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi 830011, China; (Y.-H.L.); (J.-B.M.); (Y.H.); (L.G.); (B.-Z.F.)
| | - Lei Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Desert and Oasis Ecology, Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi 830011, China; (Y.-H.L.); (J.-B.M.); (Y.H.); (L.G.); (B.-Z.F.)
| | - Bao-Zhu Fang
- State Key Laboratory of Desert and Oasis Ecology, Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi 830011, China; (Y.-H.L.); (J.-B.M.); (Y.H.); (L.G.); (B.-Z.F.)
| | - Shuang Wang
- Heilongjiang Academy of Black Soil Conservation & Utilization, Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150086, China;
| | - Ashraf F. El-Baz
- Department of Industrial Biotechnology, Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology Research Institute (GEBRI), University of Sadat City, Sadat City 32897, Egypt;
| | - Hong-Chen Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, China;
| | - Wen-Jun Li
- State Key Laboratory of Desert and Oasis Ecology, Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi 830011, China; (Y.-H.L.); (J.-B.M.); (Y.H.); (L.G.); (B.-Z.F.)
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
- Correspondence: (O.A.A.M.); (L.L.); (W.-J.L.)
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Salgueiro J, Nussenbaum AL, Milla FH, Asimakis E, Goane L, Ruiz MJ, Bachmann GE, Vera MT, Stathopoulou P, Bourtzis K, Deutscher AT, Lanzavecchia SB, Tsiamis G, Segura DF. Analysis of the Gut Bacterial Community of Wild Larvae of Anastrepha fraterculus sp. 1: Effect of Host Fruit, Environment, and Prominent Stable Associations of the Genera Wolbachia, Tatumella, and Enterobacter. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:822990. [PMID: 35359740 PMCID: PMC8960962 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.822990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2021] [Accepted: 01/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The genus Anastrepha (Diptera Tephritidae) includes some of the most important fruit fly pests in the Americas. Here, we studied the gut bacterial community of 3rd instar larvae of Anastrepha fraterculus sp. 1 through Next Generation Sequencing (lllumina) of the V3-V4 hypervariable region within the 16S rRNA gene. Gut bacterial communities were compared between host species (guava and peach), and geographical origins (Concordia and Horco Molle in Argentina) representing distinct ecological scenarios. In addition, we explored the effect of spatial scale by comparing the samples collected from different trees within each geographic origin and host species. We also addressed the effect of fruit size on bacterial diversity. The gut bacterial community was affected both by host species and geographic origin. At smaller spatial scales, the gut bacterial profile differed among trees of the same species and location at least in one host-location combination. There was no effect of fruit size on the larval gut bacteriome. Operational Taxonomic Units (OTUs) assigned to Wolbachia, Tatumella and Enterobacter were identified in all samples examined, which suggest potential, non-transient symbioses. Better knowledge on the larval gut bacteriome contributes valuable information to develop sustainable control strategies against A. fraterculus targeting key symbionts as the Achilles' heel to control this important fruit fly pest.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julieta Salgueiro
- Instituto de Genética “Ewald A. Favret” (INTA) – GV IABIMO (CONICET), Hurlingham, Argentina
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - A. Laura Nussenbaum
- Instituto de Genética “Ewald A. Favret” (INTA) – GV IABIMO (CONICET), Hurlingham, Argentina
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Fabián H. Milla
- Instituto de Genética “Ewald A. Favret” (INTA) – GV IABIMO (CONICET), Hurlingham, Argentina
| | - Elias Asimakis
- Laboratory of Systems Microbiology and Applied Genomics, Department of Environmental Engineering, University of Patras, Agrinio, Greece
| | - Lucía Goane
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Facultad de Agronomía y Zootecnia, Universidad Nacional de Tucumán, San Miguel de Tucumán, Argentina
| | - M. Josefina Ruiz
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Facultad de Agronomía y Zootecnia, Universidad Nacional de Tucumán, San Miguel de Tucumán, Argentina
| | - Guillermo E. Bachmann
- Instituto de Genética “Ewald A. Favret” (INTA) – GV IABIMO (CONICET), Hurlingham, Argentina
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - María T. Vera
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Facultad de Agronomía y Zootecnia, Universidad Nacional de Tucumán, San Miguel de Tucumán, Argentina
| | - Panagiota Stathopoulou
- Laboratory of Systems Microbiology and Applied Genomics, Department of Environmental Engineering, University of Patras, Agrinio, Greece
| | - Kostas Bourtzis
- Insect Pest Control Laboratory, Joint FAO/IAEA Center of Nuclear Techniques in Food and Agriculture, Vienna, Austria
| | - Ania T. Deutscher
- Biosecurity and Food Safety, NSW Department of Primary Industries, Elizabeth Macarthur Agricultural Institute (EMAI), Menangle, NSW, Australia
| | - Silvia B. Lanzavecchia
- Instituto de Genética “Ewald A. Favret” (INTA) – GV IABIMO (CONICET), Hurlingham, Argentina
| | - George Tsiamis
- Laboratory of Systems Microbiology and Applied Genomics, Department of Environmental Engineering, University of Patras, Agrinio, Greece
| | - Diego F. Segura
- Instituto de Genética “Ewald A. Favret” (INTA) – GV IABIMO (CONICET), Hurlingham, Argentina
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
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Aleynova OA, Nityagovsky NN, Suprun AR, Kiselev KV. Enhancement of Stilbene Biosynthesis in Grape-Cell Cultures by Natural Products Based on Endophytes of the Wild Grape Species Vitis amurensis RUPR. APPL BIOCHEM MICRO+ 2022. [DOI: 10.1134/s0003683822010021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Pillay LC, Nekati L, Makhwitine PJ, Ndlovu SI. Epigenetic Activation of Silent Biosynthetic Gene Clusters in Endophytic Fungi Using Small Molecular Modifiers. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:815008. [PMID: 35237247 PMCID: PMC8882859 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.815008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2021] [Accepted: 01/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The discovery of silent biosynthetic gene clusters (BGCs) in fungi provides unlimited prospects to harness the secondary metabolites encoded by gene clusters for various applications, including pharmaceuticals. Amplifying these prospects is the new interest in exploring fungi living in the extremes, such as those associated with plants (fungal endophytes). Fungal species in endosymbiosis relationship with plants are recognized as the future factories of clinically relevant agents since discovering that they can produce similar metabolites as their plant host. The endophytes produce these compounds in natural environments as a defense mechanism against pathogens that infect the plant host or as a strategy for mitigating competitors. The signaling cascades leading to the expression of silent biosynthetic gene clusters in the natural environment remain unknown. Lack of knowledge on regulatory circuits of biosynthetic gene clusters limits the ability to exploit them in the laboratory. They are often silent and require tailor-designed strategies for activation. Epigenetic modification using small molecular compounds that alter the chromatin network, leading to the changes in secondary metabolites profile, has achieved considerable success. This review aims to comprehensively analyze the secondary metabolite profiles expressed after treatment with various epigenetic modifiers. We first describe the regulatory circuits governing the expression of secondary metabolites in fungi. Following this, we provide a detailed review of the small molecular modifiers, their mechanism(s) of action, and the diverse chemistries resulting from epigenetic modification. We further show that genetic deletion or epigenetic inhibition of histone deacetylases does not always lead to the overexpression or induction of silent secondary metabolites. Instead, the response is more complex and often leads to differential expression of secondary metabolites. Finally, we propose using this strategy as an initial screening tool to dereplicate promising fungal species.
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Basumatary B, Das D, Choudhury BN, Dutta P, Bhattacharyya A. Isolation and characterization of endophytic bacteria from tomato foliage and their in vitro efficacy against root-knot nematodes. J Nematol 2021; 53:e2021-104. [PMID: 34957412 PMCID: PMC8692720 DOI: 10.21307/jofnem-2021-104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Fifteen endophytic bacteria were isolated from leaves and stems of Solanum lycopersicum and Solanum pimpinellifolium collected from different locations of the Jorhat district of Assam and characterized by morphological, cultural, biochemical and molecular approaches. An in vitro study was carried out to evaluate their potentiality as biological control agents against second stage juvenile of the root-knot nematode, Meloidogyne incognita race2. Thirty second stage juveniles (J2) of M. incognita race 2 were exposed to cell free culture filtrates of all the 15 bacterial endophytes in a sterile cavity block at a concentration of S(100%), S/2(50%), S/4(25%), S/6(17%) and S/10(10%) for a duration of 6, 12, 24, and 48 hr. The results revealed that all the isolates had the potentiality to significantly increase the mortality of the second stage juveniles (J2). The percent mortality was directly proportional to the duration of exposure time and the concentration of the culture filtrate. The isolate BETL2 showed the best result with 81.47% mortality of juveniles followed by isolates BETL4 (81.43%), BETLI (79.07%), BETS2 (78.87%), and BETL6 (78.17%). The 16S rRNA sequence amplification results indicated that these isolates were Bacillus marisflavi (BETL2), Bacillus altitudinis (BETL4), Microbacterium arborescens (BETL1), Exiguobacterium indicum (BETS2), and Bacillus marisflavi (BETL6). The four most efficient isolates were structurally analyzed using a scanning electron microscope and this revealed that the length and breadth of isolates—BETLI, BETL2, BETL4, and BETS2 were 701.70 nm × 348.30 nm, 954.10 nm × 303.10 nm, 984.10 nm × 332.90 nm and 1422.00 nm × 742.00 nm, respectively. The result of the present study indicated that the above four novel strains of endophytic bacterial isolates enhance the mortality of J2 of M. incognita race2 and has the potentiality as biological control agents against M. incognita.
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Affiliation(s)
- Binita Basumatary
- Department of Nematology, Assam Agricultural University, Jorhat 785013, Assam, India
| | - Debanand Das
- Department of Nematology, Assam Agricultural University, Jorhat 785013, Assam, India
| | - B N Choudhury
- Department of Nematology, Assam Agricultural University, Jorhat 785013, Assam, India
| | - Pranab Dutta
- School of Crop Protection, College of Post Graduate Studies in Agricultural Sciences, Central Agricultural University, Umiam
| | - Ashok Bhattacharyya
- Directorate of Research (Agri.), Assam Agricultural University, Jorhat 785013, Assam, India
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Yildirim E, Ilina L, Laptev G, Filippova V, Brazhnik E, Dunyashev T, Dubrovin A, Novikova N, Tiurina D, Tarlavin N, Laishev K. The structure and functional profile of ruminal microbiota in young and adult reindeers ( Rangifer tarandus) consuming natural winter-spring and summer-autumn seasonal diets. PeerJ 2021; 9:e12389. [PMID: 34900412 PMCID: PMC8627130 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.12389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2021] [Accepted: 10/04/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The key natural area of Russian reindeer (Rangifer tarandus, Nenets breed) is arctic zones, with severe climatic conditions and scarce feed resources, especially in the cold winter season. The adaptation of reindeer to these conditions is associated not only with the genetic potential of the animal itself. The rumen microbiome provides significant assistance in adapting animals to difficult conditions by participating in the fiber digestion. The aim of our study is to investigate the taxonomy and predicted metabolic pathways of the ruminal microbiota (RM) during the winter–spring (WS) and summer–autumn (SA) seasons, in calves and adult reindeer inhabiting the natural pastures of the Yamalo-Nenetsky Autonomous District of the Russian Federation. Methods The RM in reindeer was studied using the Next Generation Sequencing method with the MiSeq (Illumina, San Diego, CA, USA) platform. Reconstruction and prediction of functional profiles of the metagenome, gene families, and enzymes were performed using the software package PICRUSt2 (v.2.3.0). Results The nutritional value of WS and SA diets significantly differed. Crude fiber content in the WS diet was higher by 22.4% (p < 0.05), compared to SA, indicating possibly poorer digestibility and necessity of the adaptation of the RM to this seasonal change. A total of 22 bacterial superphyla and phyla were found in the rumen, superphylum Bacteroidota and phylum Firmicutes being the dominating taxa (up to 48.1% ± 4.30% and 46.1% ± 4.80%, respectively); while only two archaeal phyla presented as minor communities (no more then 0.54% ± 0.14% totally). The percentages of the dominating taxa were not affected by age or season. However, significant changes in certain minor communities were found, with seasonal changes being more significant than age-related ones. The percentage of phylum Actinobacteriota significantly increased (19.3-fold) in SA, compared to WS (p = 0.02) in adults, and the percentage of phylum Cyanobacteria increased up to seven-fold (p = 0.002) in adults and calves. Seasonal changes in RM can improve the ability of reindeer to withstand the seasons characterized by a low availability of nutrients. The PICRUSt2 results revealed 257 predicted metabolic pathways in RM: 41 pathways were significantly (p < 0.05) influenced by season and/or age, including the processes of synthesis of vitamins, volatile fatty acids, and pigments; metabolism of protein, lipids, and energy; pathogenesis, methanogenesis, butanediol to pyruvate biosynthesis, cell wall biosynthesis, degradation of neurotransmitters, lactic acid fermentation, and biosynthesis of nucleic acids. A large part of these changeable pathways (13 of 41) was related to the synthesis of vitamin K homologues. Conclusion The results obtained improve our knowledge on the structure and possible metabolic pathways of the RM in reindeer, in relation to seasonal changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Yildirim
- Molecular Genetic laboratory, BIOTROF+ LTD, Saint-Petersburg, Russia
| | - Larisa Ilina
- Molecular Genetic laboratory, BIOTROF+ LTD, Saint-Petersburg, Russia
| | - Georgy Laptev
- Molecular Genetic laboratory, BIOTROF+ LTD, Saint-Petersburg, Russia
| | | | - Evgeni Brazhnik
- Molecular Genetic laboratory, BIOTROF+ LTD, Saint-Petersburg, Russia
| | - Timur Dunyashev
- Molecular Genetic laboratory, BIOTROF+ LTD, Saint-Petersburg, Russia
| | - Andrey Dubrovin
- Molecular Genetic laboratory, BIOTROF+ LTD, Saint-Petersburg, Russia
| | - Natalia Novikova
- Molecular Genetic laboratory, BIOTROF+ LTD, Saint-Petersburg, Russia
| | - Daria Tiurina
- Molecular Genetic laboratory, BIOTROF+ LTD, Saint-Petersburg, Russia
| | - Nikolay Tarlavin
- Molecular Genetic laboratory, BIOTROF+ LTD, Saint-Petersburg, Russia
| | - Kasim Laishev
- Department of Animal Husbandry and Environmental Management of the Arctic, Federal Research Center of Russian Academy Sciences, Pushkin, Saint-Petersurg, Russia
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Roca-Couso R, Flores-Félix JD, Rivas R. Mechanisms of Action of Microbial Biocontrol Agents against Botrytis cinerea. J Fungi (Basel) 2021; 7:1045. [PMID: 34947027 PMCID: PMC8707566 DOI: 10.3390/jof7121045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2021] [Revised: 11/29/2021] [Accepted: 12/04/2021] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Botrytis cinerea is a phytopathogenic fungus responsible for economic losses from USD 10 to 100 billion worldwide. It affects more than 1400 plant species, thus becoming one of the main threats to the agriculture systems. The application of fungicides has for years been an efficient way to control this disease. However, fungicides have negative environmental consequences that have changed popular opinion and clarified the need for more sustainable solutions. Biopesticides are products formulated based on microorganisms (bacteria or fungi) with antifungal activity through various mechanisms. This review gathers the most important mechanisms of antifungal activities and the microorganisms that possess them. Among the different modes of action, there are included the production of diffusible molecules, both antimicrobial molecules and siderophores; production of volatile organic compounds; production of hydrolytic enzymes; and other mechanisms, such as the competition and induction of systemic resistance, triggering an interaction at different levels and inhibition based on complex systems for the production of molecules and regulation of crop biology. Such a variety of mechanisms results in a powerful weapon against B. cinerea; some of them have been tested and are already used in the agricultural production with satisfactory results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rocío Roca-Couso
- Department of Microbiology and Genetics, Edificio Departamental de Biología, University of Salamanca, 37007 Salamanca, Spain;
- Institute for Agribiotechnology Research (CIALE), 37185 Salamanca, Spain
| | - José David Flores-Félix
- CICS-UBI–Health Sciences Research Centre, University of Beira Interior, 6201-506 Covilhã, Portugal
| | - Raúl Rivas
- Department of Microbiology and Genetics, Edificio Departamental de Biología, University of Salamanca, 37007 Salamanca, Spain;
- Institute for Agribiotechnology Research (CIALE), 37185 Salamanca, Spain
- Associated Unit, University of Salamanca-CSIC (IRNASA), 37008 Salamanca, Spain
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Antibacterial activity of ethyl acetate extract of endophytic fungus (Paraconiothyrium brasiliense) through targeting dihydropteroate synthase (DHPS). Process Biochem 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.procbio.2021.10.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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Khalmuratova I, Choi DH, Kim JG, Lee IS. Endophytic Fungi of Salt-Tolerant Plants: Diversity and Ability to Promote Plant Growth. J Microbiol Biotechnol 2021; 31:1526-1532. [PMID: 34528914 PMCID: PMC9705876 DOI: 10.4014/jmb.2106.06007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2021] [Revised: 09/11/2021] [Accepted: 09/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Suaeda australis, Phragmites australis, Suaeda maritima, Suaeda glauca Bunge, and Limonium tetragonum in the Seocheon salt marsh on the west coast of the Korean Penincula were sampled in order to identify the endophytes inhabiting the roots. A total of 128 endophytic fungal isolates belonging to 31 different genera were identified using the fungal internal transcribed spacer (ITS) regions and the 5.8S ribosomal RNA gene. Fusarium, Paraconiothyrium and Alternaria were the most commonly isolated genera in the plant root samples. Various diversity indicators were used to assess the diversity of the isolated fungi. Pure cultures containing each of the 128 endophytic fungi, respectively, were tested for the plant growth-promoting abilities of the fungus on Waito-C rice germinals. The culture filtrate of the isolate Lt-1-3-3 significantly increased the growth of shoots compared to the shoots treated with the control. Lt-1-3-3 culture filtrate was analyzed and showed the presence of gibberellins (GA1 2.487 ng/ml, GA3 2.592 ng/ml, GA9 3.998, and GA24 6.191 ng/ml). The culture filtrate from the Lt-1-3-3 fungal isolate produced greater amounts of GA9 and GA24 than the wild-type Gibberella fujikuroi, a fungus known to produce large amounts of gibberellins. By the molecular analysis, fungal isolate Lt-1-3-3 was identified as Gibberella intermedia, with 100% similarity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irina Khalmuratova
- School of Life Science and Biotechnology, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea
| | - Doo-Ho Choi
- School of Life Science and Biotechnology, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong-Guk Kim
- School of Life Science and Biotechnology, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea
| | - In-Seon Lee
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Keimyung University, Daegu 42601, Republic of Korea,Corresponding author Phone: +82?53?850?5538 Fax: +82?53?850?5538 E-mail :
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The Role of Plant Hormones in the Interaction of Colletotrichum Species with Their Host Plants. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms222212454. [PMID: 34830343 PMCID: PMC8620030 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222212454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2021] [Revised: 11/12/2021] [Accepted: 11/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Colletotrichum is a plant pathogenic fungus which is able to infect virtually every economically important plant species. Up to now no common infection mechanism has been identified comparing different plant and Colletotrichum species. Plant hormones play a crucial role in plant-pathogen interactions regardless whether they are symbiotic or pathogenic. In this review we analyze the role of ethylene, abscisic acid, jasmonic acid, auxin and salicylic acid during Colletotrichum infections. Different Colletotrichum strains are capable of auxin production and this might contribute to virulence. In this review the role of different plant hormones in plant—Colletotrichum interactions will be discussed and thereby auxin biosynthetic pathways in Colletotrichum spp. will be proposed.
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Sharma P, Kumar S. Bioremediation of heavy metals from industrial effluents by endophytes and their metabolic activity: Recent advances. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2021; 339:125589. [PMID: 34304098 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2021.125589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2021] [Revised: 07/10/2021] [Accepted: 07/13/2021] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Worldwide, heavy metals pollution is mostly caused by rapid population growth and industrial development which is accumulated in food webs causing a serious public health risk. Endophytic microorganisms have a variety of mechanisms for metal sequestration having metal biosorption capacities.Endophytic organisms like bacteria and fungi provide beneficial qualities that help plants to improve their health, reduce stress, and detoxify metals. Endophytes have a higher proclivity for improving metal and mineral solubility by cells that secrete low-molecular-weight organic acids and metal-specific ligands like siderophores, which change the pH of the soil and improve binding activity. Protein-related approaches like chromatin immunoprecipitation sequencing (ChIP-Seq) and modified enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA test) can represent endophytic bacterial community and DNA-protein interactions during metal reduction. This review explored the role of endophytes in bioremediation approaches that can help in analyzing the potential and prospects in response to industrial effluents' detoxification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pooja Sharma
- CSIR-National Environmental and Engineering Research Institute (CSIR-NEERI), Nagpur 440 020, India
| | - Sunil Kumar
- CSIR-National Environmental and Engineering Research Institute (CSIR-NEERI), Nagpur 440 020, India.
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