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Murillo-García N, Papiol S, Fernández-Cacho LM, Fatjó-Vilas M, Ayesa-Arriola R. Studying the relationship between intelligence quotient and schizophrenia polygenic scores in a family design with first-episode psychosis population. Eur Psychiatry 2024; 67:e31. [PMID: 38465374 PMCID: PMC11059248 DOI: 10.1192/j.eurpsy.2024.24] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2023] [Revised: 02/22/2024] [Accepted: 02/23/2024] [Indexed: 03/12/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The intelligence quotient (IQ) of patients with first-episode psychosis (FEP) and their unaffected relatives may be related to the genetic burden of schizophrenia (SCZ). The polygenic score approach can be useful for testing this question. AIM To assess the contribution of the polygenic risk scores for SCZ (PGS-SCZ) and polygenic scores for IQ (PGS-IQ) to the individual IQ and its difference from the mean IQ of the family (named family-IQ) through a family-based design in an FEP sample. METHODS The PAFIP-FAMILIES sample (Spain) consists of 122 FEP patients, 131 parents, 94 siblings, and 176 controls. They all completed the WAIS Vocabulary subtest for IQ estimation and provided a DNA sample. We calculated PGS-SCZ and PGS-IQ using the continuous shrinkage method. To account for relatedness in our sample, we performed linear mixed models. We controlled for covariates potentially related to IQ, including age, years of education, sex, and ancestry principal components. RESULTS FEP patients significantly deviated from their family-IQ. FEP patients had higher PGS-SCZ than other groups, whereas the relatives had intermediate scores between patients and controls. PGS-IQ did not differ between groups. PGS-SCZ significantly predicted the deviation from family-IQ, whereas PGS-IQ significantly predicted individual IQ. CONCLUSIONS PGS-SCZ discriminated between different levels of genetic risk for the disorder and was specifically related to patients' lower IQ in relation to family-IQ. The genetic background of the disorder may affect neurocognition through complex pathological processes interacting with environmental factors that prevent the individual from reaching their familial cognitive potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nancy Murillo-García
- Research Group on Mental Illnesses, Valdecilla Biomedical Research (IDIVAL), Santander, Spain
- Department of Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, University of Cantabria, Santander, Spain
| | - Sergi Papiol
- Department of Falkai, Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry,Munich, Germany
- Biomedical Research Networking Center for Mental Health (CIBERSAM), Health Institute Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Luis Manuel Fernández-Cacho
- Department of Radiology, Marqués de Valdecilla University Hospital, Santander, Spain
- Faculty of Nursing, University of Cantabria, Santander, Spain
| | - Mar Fatjó-Vilas
- Biomedical Research Networking Center for Mental Health (CIBERSAM), Health Institute Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- FIDMAG Sisters Hospitallers Research Foundation, Barcelona, Spain
- Departament de Biologia Evolutiva, Ecologia i Ciències Ambientals, Facultat de Biologia, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Rosa Ayesa-Arriola
- Research Group on Mental Illnesses, Valdecilla Biomedical Research (IDIVAL), Santander, Spain
- Department of Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, University of Cantabria, Santander, Spain
- Biomedical Research Networking Center for Mental Health (CIBERSAM), Health Institute Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
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Maggi G, Altieri M, Risi M, Rippa V, Borgo RM, Sacco R, Buonanno D, D'Ambrosio A, Bisecco A, Santangelo G, Gallo A. Vocabulary knowledge as a reliable proxy of cognitive reserve in multiple sclerosis: a validation study. Neurol Sci 2024:10.1007/s10072-024-07388-w. [PMID: 38418663 DOI: 10.1007/s10072-024-07388-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2023] [Accepted: 02/04/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The present study aimed to explore the suitability of the vocabulary knowledge (VOC) test as an accurate and reliable proxy of cognitive reserve (CR) by evaluating its psychometric properties and discrimination accuracy compared with other CR measures in multiple sclerosis (MS). METHODS Sixty-eight consecutive people with multiple sclerosis (pwMS), followed at our MS outpatient clinic, completed a clinical evaluation and neuropsychological assessment including: VOC, Brief Repeatable Battery of Neuropsychological Tests (BRB-N), Cognitive Reserve Index Questionnaire (CRIq), Beck Depression Inventory-II, and State-Trait Anxiety Inventory. Reliability, convergent and divergent validity, and discrimination accuracy of the VOC were assessed using educational level as reference standard. The possible effects of sociodemographic and clinical factors on VOC and their role in predicting global cognitive status were also explored. RESULTS VOC demonstrated good internal consistency (Cronbach's α = 0.894) and adequate construct validity. It showed an acceptable level of discrimination between pwMS with high and low CR, comparable to the CRIq score. Education strongly affected VOC scores, which in turn were independent of MS features. VOC emerged as an independent predictor of global cognitive status together with MS-related disability. CONCLUSION We demonstrated the validity of VOC as a reliable CR measure in pwMS. Thus, CR may also be estimated using fixed objective measures, independent of brain pathology and clinical features. Early CR estimation may help clinicians identify pwMS at a higher risk of cognitive decline and plan strict neuropsychological monitoring and cognitive interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gianpaolo Maggi
- Department of Advanced Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Naples, Italy
- Department of Psychology, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Caserta, Italy
| | - Manuela Altieri
- Department of Advanced Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Naples, Italy.
- Department of Psychology, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Caserta, Italy.
| | - Mario Risi
- Department of Advanced Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Naples, Italy
| | - Valentina Rippa
- Department of Advanced Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Naples, Italy
| | - Riccardo Maria Borgo
- Department of Advanced Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Naples, Italy
| | - Rosaria Sacco
- Department of Neurology, Neurocenter of Southern Switzerland (NSI), Regional Hospital of Lugano, Ente Ospedaliero Cantonale, Lugano, Switzerland
| | - Daniela Buonanno
- Department of Advanced Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Naples, Italy
| | - Alessandro D'Ambrosio
- Department of Advanced Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Naples, Italy
| | - Alvino Bisecco
- Department of Advanced Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Naples, Italy
| | - Gabriella Santangelo
- Department of Psychology, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Caserta, Italy
| | - Antonio Gallo
- Department of Advanced Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Naples, Italy
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Young SR, Dworak EM, Kaat AJ, Adam H, Novack MA, Slotkin J, Stoeger J, Nowinski CJ, Hosseinian Z, Amagai S, Pila S, Diaz MV, Correa AA, Alperin K, Omberg L, Kellen M, Camacho MR, Landavazo B, Nosheny RL, Weiner MW, Gershon RM. Development and Validation of a Vocabulary Measure in the Mobile Toolbox. Arch Clin Neuropsychol 2024:acae010. [PMID: 38414411 DOI: 10.1093/arclin/acae010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2023] [Revised: 01/24/2024] [Accepted: 01/27/2024] [Indexed: 02/29/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE We describe the development of a new computer adaptive vocabulary test, Mobile Toolbox (MTB) Word Meaning, and validity evidence from 3 studies. METHOD Word Meaning was designed to be a multiple-choice synonym test optimized for self-administration on a personal smartphone. The items were first calibrated online in a sample of 7,525 participants to create the computer-adaptive test algorithm for the Word Meaning measure within the MTB app. In Study 1, 92 participants self-administered Word Meaning on study-provided smartphones in the lab and were administered external measures by trained examiners. In Study 2, 1,021 participants completed the external measures in the lab and Word Meaning was self-administered remotely on their personal smartphones. In Study 3, 141 participants self-administered Word Meaning remotely twice with a 2-week delay on personal iPhones. RESULTS The final bank included 1363 items. Internal consistency was adequate to good across samples (ρxx = 0.78 to 0.81, p < .001). Test-retest reliability was good (ICC = 0.65, p < .001), and the mean theta score was not significantly different upon the second administration. Correlations were moderate to large with measures of similar constructs (ρ = 0.67-0.75, p < .001) and non-significant with measures of dissimilar constructs. Scores demonstrated small to moderate correlations with age (ρ = 0.35 to 0.45, p < .001) and education (ρ = 0.26, p < .001). CONCLUSION The MTB Word Meaning measure demonstrated evidence of reliability and validity in three samples. Further validation studies in clinical samples are necessary.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie Ruth Young
- Department of Medical Social Sciences, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Elizabeth M Dworak
- Department of Medical Social Sciences, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Aaron J Kaat
- Department of Medical Social Sciences, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Hubert Adam
- Department of Medical Social Sciences, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Miriam A Novack
- Department of Medical Social Sciences, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Jerry Slotkin
- Center for Health Assessment Research and Translation, University of Delaware, Newark, DE, USA
| | | | - Cindy J Nowinski
- Department of Medical Social Sciences, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Zahra Hosseinian
- Department of Medical Social Sciences, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Saki Amagai
- Department of Medical Social Sciences, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Sarah Pila
- Department of Medical Social Sciences, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Maria Varela Diaz
- Department of Medical Social Sciences, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Anyelo Almonte Correa
- Department of Medical Social Sciences, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | | | | | | | - Monica R Camacho
- University of California San Francisco, San Francisco CA, USA
- Northern California Institute for Research and Education, San Francisco Veteran's Administration Medical Center, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Bernard Landavazo
- University of California San Francisco, San Francisco CA, USA
- Northern California Institute for Research and Education, San Francisco Veteran's Administration Medical Center, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Rachel L Nosheny
- University of California San Francisco, San Francisco CA, USA
- Northern California Institute for Research and Education, San Francisco Veteran's Administration Medical Center, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Michael W Weiner
- University of California San Francisco, San Francisco CA, USA
- Northern California Institute for Research and Education, San Francisco Veteran's Administration Medical Center, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Richard M Gershon
- Department of Medical Social Sciences, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
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4
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Etxandi M, Baenas I, Mora-Maltas B, Granero R, Fernández-Aranda F, Tovar S, Solé-Morata N, Lucas I, Casado S, Gómez-Peña M, Moragas L, Pino-Gutiérrez AD, Tapia J, Valenciano-Mendoza E, Potenza MN, Gearhardt AN, Diéguez C, Jiménez-Murcia S. Plasma concentration of leptin is related to food addiction in gambling disorder: Clinical and neuropsychological implications. J Behav Addict 2023; 12:1019-1031. [PMID: 38141066 PMCID: PMC10786224 DOI: 10.1556/2006.2023.00051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2022] [Revised: 07/25/2023] [Accepted: 09/03/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Data implicate overlaps in neurobiological pathways involved in appetite regulation and addictive disorders. Despite different neuroendocrine measures having been associated with both gambling disorder (GD) and food addiction (FA), how appetite-regulating hormones may relate to the co-occurrence of both entities remain incompletely understood. Aims To compare plasma concentrations of ghrelin, leptin, adiponectin, and liver-expressed antimicrobial peptide 2 (LEAP-2) between patients with GD, with and without FA, and to explore the association between circulating hormonal concentrations and neuropsychological and clinical features in individuals with GD and FA. Methods The sample included 297 patients diagnosed with GD (93.6% males). None of the patients with GD had lifetime diagnosis of an eating disorder. FA was evaluated with the Yale Food Addiction Scale 2.0. All patients were assessed through a semi-structured clinical interview and a psychometric battery including neuropsychological tasks. Blood samples to measure hormonal variables and anthropometric variables were also collected. Results From the total sample, FA was observed in 23 participants (FA+) (7.7% of the sample, 87% males). When compared participants with and without FA, those with FA+ presented both higher body mass index (BMI) (p < 0.001) and leptin concentrations, after adjusting for BMI (p = 0.013). In patients with FA, leptin concentrations positively correlated with impulsivity, poorer cognitive flexibility, and poorer inhibitory control. Other endocrine measures did not differ between groups. Discussion and conclusions The present study implicates leptin in co-occurring GD and FA. Among these patients, leptin concentration has been associated with clinical and neuropsychological features, such as impulsivity and cognitive performance in certain domains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mikel Etxandi
- 1Clinical Psychology Unit, Bellvitge University Hospital, Barcelona, Spain
- 2Department of Psychiatry, Hospital Universitari Germans Trias i Pujol, IGTP Campus Can Ruti, Badalona, Spain
- 3Doctoral Program in Medicine and Translational Research, University of Barcelona (UB), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Isabel Baenas
- 1Clinical Psychology Unit, Bellvitge University Hospital, Barcelona, Spain
- 3Doctoral Program in Medicine and Translational Research, University of Barcelona (UB), Barcelona, Spain
- 4Ciber Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition (CIBERObn), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- 5Psychoneurobiology of Eating and Addictive Behaviors Group, Neurosciences Programme, Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Bernat Mora-Maltas
- 1Clinical Psychology Unit, Bellvitge University Hospital, Barcelona, Spain
- 3Doctoral Program in Medicine and Translational Research, University of Barcelona (UB), Barcelona, Spain
- 5Psychoneurobiology of Eating and Addictive Behaviors Group, Neurosciences Programme, Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Roser Granero
- 4Ciber Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition (CIBERObn), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- 5Psychoneurobiology of Eating and Addictive Behaviors Group, Neurosciences Programme, Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), Barcelona, Spain
- 6Department of Psychobiology and Methodology, Autonomous University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Fernando Fernández-Aranda
- 1Clinical Psychology Unit, Bellvitge University Hospital, Barcelona, Spain
- 4Ciber Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition (CIBERObn), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- 5Psychoneurobiology of Eating and Addictive Behaviors Group, Neurosciences Programme, Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), Barcelona, Spain
- 7Department of Clinical Sciences, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Sulay Tovar
- 4Ciber Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition (CIBERObn), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- 8Department of Physiology, CIMUS, University of Santiago de Compostela, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Neus Solé-Morata
- 1Clinical Psychology Unit, Bellvitge University Hospital, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ignacio Lucas
- 1Clinical Psychology Unit, Bellvitge University Hospital, Barcelona, Spain
- 4Ciber Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition (CIBERObn), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- 5Psychoneurobiology of Eating and Addictive Behaviors Group, Neurosciences Programme, Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Sabela Casado
- 4Ciber Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition (CIBERObn), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- 8Department of Physiology, CIMUS, University of Santiago de Compostela, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Mónica Gómez-Peña
- 1Clinical Psychology Unit, Bellvitge University Hospital, Barcelona, Spain
- 5Psychoneurobiology of Eating and Addictive Behaviors Group, Neurosciences Programme, Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Laura Moragas
- 1Clinical Psychology Unit, Bellvitge University Hospital, Barcelona, Spain
- 5Psychoneurobiology of Eating and Addictive Behaviors Group, Neurosciences Programme, Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Amparo Del Pino-Gutiérrez
- 4Ciber Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition (CIBERObn), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- 5Psychoneurobiology of Eating and Addictive Behaviors Group, Neurosciences Programme, Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), Barcelona, Spain
- 9Department of Public Health, Mental Health and Perinatal Nursing, School of Nursing, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Javier Tapia
- 1Clinical Psychology Unit, Bellvitge University Hospital, Barcelona, Spain
- 3Doctoral Program in Medicine and Translational Research, University of Barcelona (UB), Barcelona, Spain
- 5Psychoneurobiology of Eating and Addictive Behaviors Group, Neurosciences Programme, Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), Barcelona, Spain
- 10Medical Direction of Ambulatory Processes, South Metropolitan Territorial Management, Bellvitge University Hospital, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Marc N Potenza
- 11Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
- 12Child Study Center, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
- 13Connecticut Mental Health Center, New Haven, CT, USA
- 14Connecticut Council on Problem Gambling, Wethersfield, CT, USA
- 15Department of Neuroscience, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | | | - Carlos Diéguez
- 4Ciber Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition (CIBERObn), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- 8Department of Physiology, CIMUS, University of Santiago de Compostela, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Susana Jiménez-Murcia
- 1Clinical Psychology Unit, Bellvitge University Hospital, Barcelona, Spain
- 4Ciber Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition (CIBERObn), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- 5Psychoneurobiology of Eating and Addictive Behaviors Group, Neurosciences Programme, Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), Barcelona, Spain
- 7Department of Clinical Sciences, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
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Ayesa-Arriola R, de la Foz VOG, Murillo-García N, Vázquez-Bourgon J, Juncal-Ruiz M, Gómez-Revuelta M, Suárez-Pinilla P, Setién-Suero E, Crespo-Facorro B. Cognitive reserve as a moderator of outcomes in five clusters of first episode psychosis patients: a 10-year follow-up study of the PAFIP cohort. Psychol Med 2023; 53:1891-1905. [PMID: 37310335 DOI: 10.1017/s0033291721003536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cognitive reserve (CR) has been associated with the development and prognosis of psychosis. Different proxies have been used to estimate CR among individuals. A composite score of these proxies could elucidate the role of CR at illness onset on the variability of clinical and neurocognitive outcomes. METHODS Premorbid intelligence quotient (IQ), years of education and premorbid adjustment were explored as proxies of CR in a large sample (N = 424) of first-episode psychosis (FEP) non-affective patients. Clusters of patients were identified and compared based on premorbid, clinical and neurocognitive variables at baseline. Additionally, the clusters were compared at 3-year (N = 362) and 10-year (N = 150) follow-ups. RESULTS The FEP patients were grouped into five CR clusters: C1 (low premorbid IQ, low education and poor premorbid) 14%; C2 (low premorbid IQ, low education and good premorbid adjustment) 29%; C3 (normal premorbid IQ, low education and poor premorbid adjustment) 17%; C4 (normal premorbid IQ, medium education and good premorbid adjustment) 25%; and C5 (normal premorbid IQ, higher education and good premorbid adjustment) 15%. In general, positive and negative symptoms were more severe in the FEP patients with the lowest CR at baseline and follow-up assessments, while those with high CR presented and maintained higher levels of cognitive functioning. CONCLUSIONS CR could be considered a key factor at illness onset and a moderator of outcomes in FEP patients. A high CR could function as a protective factor against cognitive impairment and severe symptomatology. Clinical interventions focused on increasing CR and documenting long-term benefits are interesting and desirable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosa Ayesa-Arriola
- Department of Psychiatry, Marqués de Valdecilla University Hospital, IDIVAL, School of Medicine, University of Cantabria, Santander, Spain
- Centro Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Madrid, Spain
| | - Victor Ortiz-García de la Foz
- Department of Psychiatry, Marqués de Valdecilla University Hospital, IDIVAL, School of Medicine, University of Cantabria, Santander, Spain
- Centro Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Madrid, Spain
| | - Nancy Murillo-García
- Department of Psychiatry, Marqués de Valdecilla University Hospital, IDIVAL, School of Medicine, University of Cantabria, Santander, Spain
| | - Javier Vázquez-Bourgon
- Department of Psychiatry, Marqués de Valdecilla University Hospital, IDIVAL, School of Medicine, University of Cantabria, Santander, Spain
- Centro Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Madrid, Spain
| | - María Juncal-Ruiz
- Department of Psychiatry, Sierrallana Hospital, IDIVAL, School of Medicine, University of Cantabria, Torrelavega, Spain
| | - Marcos Gómez-Revuelta
- Department of Psychiatry, Marqués de Valdecilla University Hospital, IDIVAL, School of Medicine, University of Cantabria, Santander, Spain
| | - Paula Suárez-Pinilla
- Department of Psychiatry, Marqués de Valdecilla University Hospital, IDIVAL, School of Medicine, University of Cantabria, Santander, Spain
- Centro Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Madrid, Spain
| | - Esther Setién-Suero
- Department of Methods and Experimental Psychology, Faculty of Psychology and Education, University of Deusto, Bilbao, Basque Country, Spain
| | - Benedicto Crespo-Facorro
- Centro Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Madrid, Spain
- Department of Psychiatry, Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío, Universidad de Sevilla, Sevilla, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Sevilla, IBiS, Sevilla, Spain
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6
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Murillo-García N, Ortíz-García de la Foz V, Miguel-Corredera M, Vázquez-Bourgon J, Setién-Suero E, Neergaard K, Moya-Higueras J, Crespo-Facorro B, Ayesa-Arriola R. Intelligence quotient changes over 10 years: Diversity of cognitive profiles in first episode of psychosis and healthy controls. Schizophr Res 2023; 254:163-172. [PMID: 36905766 DOI: 10.1016/j.schres.2023.02.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2022] [Revised: 11/24/2022] [Accepted: 02/23/2023] [Indexed: 03/13/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study aimed to analyse whether intelligence quotient (IQ) improves, declines, or remains stable over 10 years among FEP patients and healthy subjects. METHODS A group of FEP patients enrolled in a Program of First Episode Psychosis in Spain called PAFIP, and a sample of Healthy Controls (HC) completed the same neuropsychological battery at baseline and approximately 10 years later, which included the WAIS vocabulary subtest to estimate premorbid IQ and 10-year IQ. Cluster analysis was performed separately in the patient group and the HC group to determine their profiles of intellectual change. RESULTS One hundred and thirty-seven FEP patients were grouped into five clusters: "Improved low IQ" (9.49 % of patients), "Improved average IQ" (14.6 %), "Preserved low IQ" (17.52 %), "Preserved average IQ" (43.06 %), and "Preserved high IQ" (15.33 %). Ninety HC were grouped into three clusters: "Preserved low IQ" (32.22 % of the HC), "Preserved average IQ" (44.44 %), and "Preserved high IQ" (23.33 %). The first two clusters of FEP patients, characterized by a low IQ, earlier age at illness onset, and lower educational attainment, showed a substantial cognitive improvement. The remaining clusters demonstrated cognitive stability. CONCLUSIONS The FEP patients showed intellectual improvement or stability, but no decline post-onset of psychosis. However, their profiles of intellectual change are more heterogeneous than that of HC over 10 years. Particularly, there is a subgroup of FEP patients with a significant potential for long-term cognitive enhancement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nancy Murillo-García
- Research Group on Mental Illnesses, Valdecilla Biomedical Research Institute (IDIVAL), Santander, Spain; Department of Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, University of Cantabria, Santander, Spain
| | - Víctor Ortíz-García de la Foz
- Research Group on Mental Illnesses, Valdecilla Biomedical Research Institute (IDIVAL), Santander, Spain; Center for Biomedical Research Network on Mental Health (CIBERSAM), Spain
| | | | - Javier Vázquez-Bourgon
- Center for Biomedical Research Network on Mental Health (CIBERSAM), Spain; Department of Psychiatry, University Hospital Marqués de Valdecilla, Santander, Spain
| | - Esther Setién-Suero
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Deusto, Bilbao, Spain
| | - Karl Neergaard
- Research Group on Mental Illnesses, Valdecilla Biomedical Research Institute (IDIVAL), Santander, Spain
| | | | - Benedicto Crespo-Facorro
- Center for Biomedical Research Network on Mental Health (CIBERSAM), Spain; Department of Psychiatry, University Hospital Virgen del Rocío, University of Seville, Seville, Spain
| | - Rosa Ayesa-Arriola
- Research Group on Mental Illnesses, Valdecilla Biomedical Research Institute (IDIVAL), Santander, Spain; Department of Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, University of Cantabria, Santander, Spain; Center for Biomedical Research Network on Mental Health (CIBERSAM), Spain.
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7
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Etxandi M, Baenas I, Mora-Maltas B, Granero R, Fernández-Aranda F, Tovar S, Solé-Morata N, Lucas I, Casado S, Gómez-Peña M, Moragas L, del Pino-Gutiérrez A, Codina E, Valenciano-Mendoza E, Potenza MN, Diéguez C, Jiménez-Murcia S. Are Signals Regulating Energy Homeostasis Related to Neuropsychological and Clinical Features of Gambling Disorder? A Case-Control Study. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14235084. [PMID: 36501114 PMCID: PMC9736671 DOI: 10.3390/nu14235084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2022] [Revised: 11/04/2022] [Accepted: 11/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Gambling disorder (GD) is a modestly prevalent and severe condition for which neurobiology is not yet fully understood. Although alterations in signals involved in energy homeostasis have been studied in substance use disorders, they have yet to be examined in detail in GD. The aims of the present study were to compare different endocrine and neuropsychological factors between individuals with GD and healthy controls (HC) and to explore endocrine interactions with neuropsychological and clinical variables. A case−control design was performed in 297 individuals with GD and 41 individuals without (healthy controls; HCs), assessed through a semi-structured clinical interview and a psychometric battery. For the evaluation of endocrine and anthropometric variables, 38 HCs were added to the 41 HCs initially evaluated. Individuals with GD presented higher fasting plasma ghrelin (p < 0.001) and lower LEAP2 and adiponectin concentrations (p < 0.001) than HCs, after adjusting for body mass index (BMI). The GD group reported higher cognitive impairment regarding cognitive flexibility and decision-making strategies, a worse psychological state, higher impulsivity levels, and a more dysfunctional personality profile. Despite failing to find significant associations between endocrine factors and either neuropsychological or clinical aspects in the GD group, some impaired cognitive dimensions (i.e., WAIS Vocabulary test and WCST Perseverative errors) and lower LEAP2 concentrations statistically predicted GD presence. The findings from the present study suggest that distinctive neuropsychological and endocrine dysfunctions may operate in individuals with GD and predict GD presence. Further exploration of endophenotypic vulnerability pathways in GD appear warranted, especially with respect to etiological and therapeutic potentials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mikel Etxandi
- Department of Psychiatry, Bellvitge University Hospital-Bellvitge Institute for Biomedical Research (IDIBELL), 08907 Barcelona, Spain
- Department of Psychiatry, Hospital Universitari Germans Trias i Pujol, IGTP Campus Can Ruti, 08916 Badalona, Spain
| | - Isabel Baenas
- Department of Psychiatry, Bellvitge University Hospital-Bellvitge Institute for Biomedical Research (IDIBELL), 08907 Barcelona, Spain
- Ciber Fisiopatología Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERObn), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Psychoneurobiology of Eating and Addictive Behaviors Group, Neurosciences Programme, Bellvitge Institute for Biomedical Research (IDIBELL), 08908 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Bernat Mora-Maltas
- Department of Psychiatry, Bellvitge University Hospital-Bellvitge Institute for Biomedical Research (IDIBELL), 08907 Barcelona, Spain
- Psychoneurobiology of Eating and Addictive Behaviors Group, Neurosciences Programme, Bellvitge Institute for Biomedical Research (IDIBELL), 08908 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Roser Granero
- Ciber Fisiopatología Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERObn), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Psychoneurobiology of Eating and Addictive Behaviors Group, Neurosciences Programme, Bellvitge Institute for Biomedical Research (IDIBELL), 08908 Barcelona, Spain
- Department of Psychobiology and Methodology, Autonomous University of Barcelona, 08193 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Fernando Fernández-Aranda
- Department of Psychiatry, Bellvitge University Hospital-Bellvitge Institute for Biomedical Research (IDIBELL), 08907 Barcelona, Spain
- Ciber Fisiopatología Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERObn), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Psychoneurobiology of Eating and Addictive Behaviors Group, Neurosciences Programme, Bellvitge Institute for Biomedical Research (IDIBELL), 08908 Barcelona, Spain
- Department of Clinical Sciences, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Barcelona, 08907 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Sulay Tovar
- Ciber Fisiopatología Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERObn), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Department of Physiology, CIMUS, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria, University of Santiago de Compostela, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Neus Solé-Morata
- Department of Psychiatry, Bellvitge University Hospital-Bellvitge Institute for Biomedical Research (IDIBELL), 08907 Barcelona, Spain
- Psychoneurobiology of Eating and Addictive Behaviors Group, Neurosciences Programme, Bellvitge Institute for Biomedical Research (IDIBELL), 08908 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ignacio Lucas
- Department of Psychiatry, Bellvitge University Hospital-Bellvitge Institute for Biomedical Research (IDIBELL), 08907 Barcelona, Spain
- Psychoneurobiology of Eating and Addictive Behaviors Group, Neurosciences Programme, Bellvitge Institute for Biomedical Research (IDIBELL), 08908 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Sabela Casado
- Ciber Fisiopatología Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERObn), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Department of Physiology, CIMUS, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria, University of Santiago de Compostela, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Mónica Gómez-Peña
- Department of Psychiatry, Bellvitge University Hospital-Bellvitge Institute for Biomedical Research (IDIBELL), 08907 Barcelona, Spain
- Psychoneurobiology of Eating and Addictive Behaviors Group, Neurosciences Programme, Bellvitge Institute for Biomedical Research (IDIBELL), 08908 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Laura Moragas
- Department of Psychiatry, Bellvitge University Hospital-Bellvitge Institute for Biomedical Research (IDIBELL), 08907 Barcelona, Spain
- Psychoneurobiology of Eating and Addictive Behaviors Group, Neurosciences Programme, Bellvitge Institute for Biomedical Research (IDIBELL), 08908 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Amparo del Pino-Gutiérrez
- Ciber Fisiopatología Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERObn), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Psychoneurobiology of Eating and Addictive Behaviors Group, Neurosciences Programme, Bellvitge Institute for Biomedical Research (IDIBELL), 08908 Barcelona, Spain
- Department of Public Health, Mental Health and Perinatal Nursing, School of Nursing, University of Barcelona, 08907 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ester Codina
- Department of Psychiatry, Bellvitge University Hospital-Bellvitge Institute for Biomedical Research (IDIBELL), 08907 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Eduardo Valenciano-Mendoza
- Department of Psychiatry, Bellvitge University Hospital-Bellvitge Institute for Biomedical Research (IDIBELL), 08907 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Marc N. Potenza
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
- Child Study Center, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
- Connecticut Mental Health Center, New Haven, CT 06519, USA
- Connecticut Council on Problem Gambling, Wethersfield, CT 06106, USA
- Department of Neuroscience, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - Carlos Diéguez
- Ciber Fisiopatología Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERObn), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Department of Physiology, CIMUS, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria, University of Santiago de Compostela, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Susana Jiménez-Murcia
- Department of Psychiatry, Bellvitge University Hospital-Bellvitge Institute for Biomedical Research (IDIBELL), 08907 Barcelona, Spain
- Ciber Fisiopatología Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERObn), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Psychoneurobiology of Eating and Addictive Behaviors Group, Neurosciences Programme, Bellvitge Institute for Biomedical Research (IDIBELL), 08908 Barcelona, Spain
- Department of Clinical Sciences, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Barcelona, 08907 Barcelona, Spain
- Correspondence:
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8
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Curtis MT, Ren X, Coffman BA, Salisbury DF. Attentional M100 gain modulation localizes to auditory sensory cortex and is deficient in first-episode psychosis. Hum Brain Mapp 2022; 44:218-228. [PMID: 36073535 PMCID: PMC9783396 DOI: 10.1002/hbm.26067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2022] [Revised: 08/22/2022] [Accepted: 08/23/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Selective attention is impaired in first-episode psychosis (FEP). Selective attention effects can be detected during auditory tasks as increased sensory activity. We previously reported electroencephalography scalp-measured N100 enhancement is reduced in FEP. Here, we localized magnetoencephalography (MEG) M100 source activity within the auditory cortex, making novel use of the Human Connectome Project multimodal parcellation (HCP-MMP) to identify precise auditory cortical areas involved in attention modulation and its impairment in FEP. MEG was recorded from 27 FEP and 31 matched healthy controls (HC) while individuals either ignored frequent standard and rare oddball tones while watching a silent movie or attended tones by pressing a button to oddballs. Because M100 arises mainly in the auditory cortices, MEG activity during the M100 interval was projected to the auditory sensory cortices defined by the HCP-MMP (A1, lateral belt, and parabelt parcels). FEP had less auditory sensory cortex M100 activity in both conditions. In addition, there was a significant interaction between group and attention. HC enhanced source activity with attention, but FEP did not. These results demonstrate deficits in both sensory processing and attentional modulation of the M100 in FEP. Novel use of the HCP-MMP revealed the precise cortical areas underlying attention modulation of auditory sensory activity in healthy individuals and impairments in FEP. The sensory reduction and attention modulation impairment indicate local and systems-level pathophysiology proximal to disease onset that may be critical for etiology. Further, M100 and N100 enhancement may serve as outcome variables for targeted intervention to improve attention in early psychosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark T. Curtis
- Clinical Neurophysiology Research Laboratory, Western Psychiatric Hospital, Department of PsychiatryUniversity of Pittsburgh School of MedicinePittsburghPennsylvaniaUSA
| | - Xi Ren
- Clinical Neurophysiology Research Laboratory, Western Psychiatric Hospital, Department of PsychiatryUniversity of Pittsburgh School of MedicinePittsburghPennsylvaniaUSA
| | - Brian A. Coffman
- Clinical Neurophysiology Research Laboratory, Western Psychiatric Hospital, Department of PsychiatryUniversity of Pittsburgh School of MedicinePittsburghPennsylvaniaUSA
| | - Dean F. Salisbury
- Clinical Neurophysiology Research Laboratory, Western Psychiatric Hospital, Department of PsychiatryUniversity of Pittsburgh School of MedicinePittsburghPennsylvaniaUSA
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9
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Fox ME, King TZ. Considerations for Reliable Digit Span as a performance validity test for long-term survivors of childhood brain tumors. APPLIED NEUROPSYCHOLOGY. ADULT 2022; 29:469-477. [PMID: 32503366 DOI: 10.1080/23279095.2020.1771714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The Reliable Digit Span (RDS) is a performance validity test (PVT) used widely within non-clinical samples, but its utility is in question in clinical groups with cognitive impairment. To investigate, RDS scores were calculated and correlated with the Neurological Predictor Scale, an informant-reported Activities of Daily Living score, and a proxy measure of intelligence (Vocabulary) for 83 adult survivors of childhood brain tumors and 105 healthy controls. Analyses were covaried for age at examination. Participants were divided into passing and failing groups at each RDS cutoff, and ANCOVAs for each of the three variables of interest covaried for age at the examination were run. RDS was correlated with all three variables of interest in survivors but only Vocabulary in controls. At the ≤7 cutoff, passing and failing survivors demonstrated significant differences across all variables of interest, while passing and failing controls differed only on Vocabulary. Differences were also found between passing and failing survivors at lower cutoffs. RDS is related to and likely impacted by various neurological and cognitive challenges faced by brain tumor survivors. Using the standard RDS cutoff of ≤7 may result in inaccurate interpretation of valid performance in this population; therefore, the use of other PVTs is recommended.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Tricia Z King
- Department of Psychology and the Neuroscience Institute, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA, USA
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10
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Alzheimer’s Disease CSF Biomarker Profiles in Idiopathic Normal Pressure Hydrocephalus. J Pers Med 2022; 12:jpm12060935. [PMID: 35743720 PMCID: PMC9225293 DOI: 10.3390/jpm12060935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2022] [Revised: 05/25/2022] [Accepted: 05/31/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Patients with idiopathic normal pressure hydrocephalus (iNPH) frequently show pathologic CSF Aβ42 levels, comparable with Alzheimer’s Disease (AD). Nevertheless, the clinical meaning of these findings has not been fully explained. We aimed to assess the role of AD CSF biomarkers (Aβ42, Aβ42/Aβ40, p-tau, t-tau) in iNPH. To this purpose, we enrolled 44 patients diagnosed with iNPH and 101 with AD. All the patients underwent CSF sampling. We compared CSF biomarker levels in iNPH and AD: Aβ42 levels were not different between iNPH and AD, while Aβ42/Aβ40, p-tau, and t-tau were significantly different and showed excellent accuracy in distinguishing iNPH and AD. A multiple logistic regression analysis showed that Aβ42/Aβ40 was the variable that most contributed to differentiating the two groups. Furthermore, iNPH patients with positive Aβ42/Aβ40 had higher p-tau and t-tau than iNPH patients with negative Aβ42/Aβ40. Those iNPH patients who showed cognitive impairment had lower Aβ42/Aβ40 and higher p-tau than patients without cognitive impairment. We concluded that positive CSF Aβ42 with negative Aβ42/Aβ40, p-tau, and t-tau is a typical CSF profile of iNPH. On the contrary, positive Aβ42/Aβ40 in iNPH patients, especially when associated with positive p-tau, may lead to suspicion of a coexistent AD pathology.
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11
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Corbo I, Casagrande M. Higher-Level Executive Functions in Healthy Elderly and Mild Cognitive Impairment: A Systematic Review. J Clin Med 2022; 11:jcm11051204. [PMID: 35268294 PMCID: PMC8911402 DOI: 10.3390/jcm11051204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2021] [Revised: 01/27/2022] [Accepted: 02/21/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Mild Cognitive Impairment (MCI) is a clinical syndrome characterized by a moderate decline in one or more cognitive functions with a preserved autonomy in daily life activities. MCI exhibits cognitive, behavioral, psychological symptoms. The executive functions (EFs) are key functions for everyday life and physical and mental health and allow for the behavior to adapt to external changes. Higher-level executive functions develop from basic EFs (inhibition, working memory, attentional control, and cognitive flexibility). They are planning, reasoning, problem solving, and fluid intelligence (Gf). This systematic review investigates the relationship between higher-level executive functions and healthy and pathological aging, assuming the role of executive functions deficits as a predictor of cognitive decline. The systematic review was conducted according to the PRISMA Statement. A total of 73 studies were identified. The results indicate that 65.8% of the studies confirm significant EFs alterations in MCI (56.8% planning, 50% reasoning, 100% problem solving, 71.4% fluid intelligence). These results seem to highlight a strong prevalence of higher-level executive functions deficits in MCI elderly than in healthy elderly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilaria Corbo
- Dipartimento di Psicologia, Università di Roma Sapienza, 00185 Roma, Italy;
| | - Maria Casagrande
- Dipartimento di Psicologia Dinamica, Clinica e Salute, Università di Roma Sapienza, 00185 Roma, Italy
- Correspondence:
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12
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Serra-Navarro M, Amoretti S, Verdolini N, Forte MF, Sánchez-Torres AM, Vieta E, Clougher D, Lobo A, González-Pinto A, Panadero R, Roldán A, Carvalho AF, de la Serna E, Toll A, Ramos-Quiroga JA, Torrent C, Cuesta MJ, Bernardo M. Influence of clinical and neurocognitive factors in psychosocial functioning after a first episode non-affective psychosis: Differences between males and females. Front Psychiatry 2022; 13:982583. [PMID: 36339856 PMCID: PMC9632657 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2022.982583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2022] [Accepted: 09/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Deficits in psychosocial functioning are present in the early stages of psychosis. Several factors, such as premorbid adjustment, neurocognitive performance, and cognitive reserve (CR), potentially influence functionality. Sex differences are observed in individuals with psychosis in multiple domains. Nonetheless, few studies have explored the predictive factors of poor functioning according to sex in first-episode psychosis (FEP). This study aimed to explore sex differences, examine changes, and identify predictors of functioning according to sex after onset. MATERIALS AND METHODS The initial sample comprised 588 individuals. However, only adults with non-affective FEP (n = 247, 161 males and 86 females) and healthy controls (n = 224, 142 males and 82 females) were included. A comprehensive assessment including functional, neuropsychological, and clinical scales was performed at baseline and at 2-year follow-up. A linear regression model was used to determine the predictors of functioning at 2-year follow-up. RESULTS FEP improved their functionality at follow-up (67.4% of both males and females). In males, longer duration of untreated psychosis (β = 0.328, p = 0.003) and worse premorbid adjustment (β = 0.256, p = 0.023) were associated with impaired functioning at 2-year follow-up, while in females processing speed (β = 0.403, p = 0.003), executive function (β = 0.299, p = 0.020) and CR (β = -0.307, p = 0.012) were significantly associated with functioning. CONCLUSION Our data indicate that predictors of functioning at 2-year follow-up in the FEP group differ according to sex. Therefore, treatment and preventative efforts may be adjusted taking sex into account. Males may benefit from functional remediation at early stages. Conversely, in females, early interventions centered on CR enhancement and cognitive rehabilitation may be recommended.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Serra-Navarro
- Bipolar and Depressive Disorders Unit, Hospital Clinic of Barcelona, Institute of Neurosciences, IDIBAPS, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain.,Biomedical Research Networking Center for Mental Health Network (CIBERSAM), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Silvia Amoretti
- Bipolar and Depressive Disorders Unit, Hospital Clinic of Barcelona, Institute of Neurosciences, IDIBAPS, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain.,Biomedical Research Networking Center for Mental Health Network (CIBERSAM), Barcelona, Spain.,Barcelona Clinic Schizophrenia Unit, Hospital Clinic of Barcelona, Neuroscience Institute, August Pi I Sunyer Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBAPS), University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Psychiatric Genetics Unit, Group of Psychiatry, Mental Health and Addictions, Vall d'Hebron Research Institute (VHIR), Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Norma Verdolini
- Bipolar and Depressive Disorders Unit, Hospital Clinic of Barcelona, Institute of Neurosciences, IDIBAPS, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain.,Biomedical Research Networking Center for Mental Health Network (CIBERSAM), Barcelona, Spain.,Local Health Unit Umbria 1, Department of Mental Health, Mental Health Center of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - María Florencia Forte
- Bipolar and Depressive Disorders Unit, Hospital Clinic of Barcelona, Institute of Neurosciences, IDIBAPS, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain.,Barcelona Clinic Schizophrenia Unit, Hospital Clinic of Barcelona, Neuroscience Institute, August Pi I Sunyer Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBAPS), University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ana M Sánchez-Torres
- Department of Psychiatry, Complejo Hospitalario de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain.,IdiSNA, Navarra Institute for Health Research, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Eduard Vieta
- Bipolar and Depressive Disorders Unit, Hospital Clinic of Barcelona, Institute of Neurosciences, IDIBAPS, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain.,Biomedical Research Networking Center for Mental Health Network (CIBERSAM), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Derek Clougher
- Bipolar and Depressive Disorders Unit, Hospital Clinic of Barcelona, Institute of Neurosciences, IDIBAPS, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Antonio Lobo
- Biomedical Research Networking Center for Mental Health Network (CIBERSAM), Barcelona, Spain.,Department of Medicine and Psychiatry, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Aragón (IIS Aragón), Zaragoza University, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Ana González-Pinto
- Biomedical Research Networking Center for Mental Health Network (CIBERSAM), Barcelona, Spain.,Araba University Hospital, Bioaraba Research Institute, Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain.,Department of Psychiatry, University of the Basque Country (UPV-EHU), Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain
| | - Rocío Panadero
- Biomedical Research Networking Center for Mental Health Network (CIBERSAM), Barcelona, Spain.,Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, School of Medicine, Institute of Psychiatry and Mental Health, Universidad Complutense, IiSGM, Madrid, Spain
| | - Alexandra Roldán
- Biomedical Research Networking Center for Mental Health Network (CIBERSAM), Barcelona, Spain.,Department of Psychiatry, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica-Sant Pau (IIB-SANT PAU), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), Barcelona, Spain
| | - André F Carvalho
- Innovation in Mental and Physical Health and Clinical Treatment (IMPACT), School of Medicine, Barwon Health, The Institute for Mental and Physical Health and Clinical Translation, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC, Australia
| | - Elena de la Serna
- Biomedical Research Networking Center for Mental Health Network (CIBERSAM), Barcelona, Spain.,Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychology, 2017SGR881, Institut Clínic de Neurociències, Hospital Clínic Universitari, CIBERSAM, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Department of Medicine, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Alba Toll
- Biomedical Research Networking Center for Mental Health Network (CIBERSAM), Barcelona, Spain.,Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute (IMIM), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), Barcelona, Spain
| | - J A Ramos-Quiroga
- Biomedical Research Networking Center for Mental Health Network (CIBERSAM), Barcelona, Spain.,Psychiatric Genetics Unit, Group of Psychiatry, Mental Health and Addictions, Vall d'Hebron Research Institute (VHIR), Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain.,Department of Psychiatry, Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain.,Department of Psychiatry and Legal Medicine, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Carla Torrent
- Bipolar and Depressive Disorders Unit, Hospital Clinic of Barcelona, Institute of Neurosciences, IDIBAPS, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain.,Biomedical Research Networking Center for Mental Health Network (CIBERSAM), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Manuel J Cuesta
- Department of Psychiatry, Complejo Hospitalario de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain.,IdiSNA, Navarra Institute for Health Research, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Miguel Bernardo
- Biomedical Research Networking Center for Mental Health Network (CIBERSAM), Barcelona, Spain.,Barcelona Clinic Schizophrenia Unit, Hospital Clinic of Barcelona, Neuroscience Institute, August Pi I Sunyer Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBAPS), University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
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13
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Molina-García M, Fraguas D, del Rey-Mejías Á, Mezquida G, Sánchez-Torres AM, Amoretti S, Lobo A, González-Pinto A, Andreu-Bernabeu Á, Corripio I, Vieta E, Baeza I, Mané A, Cuesta M, de la Serna E, Payá B, Zorrilla I, Arango C, Bernardo M, Rapado-Castro M, Parellada M. The Role of Premorbid IQ and Age of Onset as Useful Predictors of Clinical, Functional Outcomes, and Recovery of Individuals with a First Episode of Psychosis. J Clin Med 2021; 10:2474. [PMID: 34199653 PMCID: PMC8199787 DOI: 10.3390/jcm10112474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2021] [Revised: 05/28/2021] [Accepted: 05/31/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND premorbid IQ (pIQ) and age of onset are predictors of clinical severity and long-term functioning after a first episode of psychosis. However, the additive influence of these variables on clinical, functional, and recovery rates outcomes is largely unknown. METHODS we characterized 255 individuals who have experienced a first episode of psychosis in four a priori defined subgroups based on pIQ (low pIQ < 85; average pIQ ≥ 85) and age of onset (early onset < 18 years; adult onset ≥ 18 years). We conducted clinical and functional assessments at baseline and at two-year follow-up. We calculated symptom remission and recovery rates using the Positive and Negative Symptoms of Schizophrenia Schedule (PANSS) and the Global Assessment Functioning (GAF or Children-GAF). We examined clinical and functional changes with pair-wise comparisons and two-way mixed ANOVA. We built hierarchical lineal and logistic regression models to estimate the predictive value of the independent variables over functioning or recovery rates. RESULTS early-onset patients had more severe positive symptoms and poorer functioning than adult-onset patients. At two-year follow-up, only early-onset with low pIQ and adult-onset with average pIQ subgroups differed consistently, with the former having more negative symptoms (d = 0.59), poorer functioning (d = 0.82), lower remission (61% vs. 81.1%), and clinical recovery (34.1% vs. 62.2%). CONCLUSIONS early-onset individuals with low pIQ may present persistent negative symptoms, lower functioning, and less recovery likelihood at two-year follow-up. Intensive cognitive and functional programs for these individuals merit testing to improve long-term recovery rates in this subgroup.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariola Molina-García
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Institute of Psychiatry and Mental Health, Gregorio Marañón Health Research Institute (IiSGM), Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Research Networking Center for Mental Health Network (CIBERSAM), School of Medicine, Complutense University of Madrid (UCM), 28007 Madrid, Spain; (Á.A.-B.); (C.A.); (M.R.-C.); (M.P.)
| | - David Fraguas
- Institute of Psychiatry and Mental Health, Hospital Clínico San Carlos (IdISSC), Research Networking Center for Mental Health Network (CIBERSAM), School of Medicine, Complutense University of Madrid (UCM), 28040 Madrid, Spain;
| | - Ángel del Rey-Mejías
- Data Science Unit, Instituto Ramón y Cajal de Investigación Sanitaria (IRYCIS), Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal, School of Psychology, Complutense University of Madrid (UCM), 28223 Madrid, Spain;
| | - Gisela Mezquida
- Barcelona Clinic Schizophrenia Unit, Neuroscience Institute, August Pi I Sunyer Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBAPS), Hospital Clinic of Barcelona, Research Networking Center for Mental Health Network (CIBERSAM), University of Barcelona, 08036 Barcelona, Spain; (G.M.); (S.A.); (M.B.)
| | - Ana M. Sánchez-Torres
- Department of Psychiatry, Navarra Institute for Health Research (IdiSNA), Complejo Hospitalario de Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain; (A.M.S.-T.); (M.C.)
| | - Silvia Amoretti
- Barcelona Clinic Schizophrenia Unit, Neuroscience Institute, August Pi I Sunyer Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBAPS), Hospital Clinic of Barcelona, Research Networking Center for Mental Health Network (CIBERSAM), University of Barcelona, 08036 Barcelona, Spain; (G.M.); (S.A.); (M.B.)
| | - Antonio Lobo
- Department of Medicine and Psychiatry, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Aragón (IIS Aragón), Universidad de Zaragoza, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain;
| | - Ana González-Pinto
- Department of Psychiatry, Bioaraba Health Research Institute, Hospital Universitario de Álava, Research Networking Center for Mental Health Network (CIBERSAM), University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), 01009 Vitoria, Spain; (A.G.-P.); (I.Z.)
| | - Álvaro Andreu-Bernabeu
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Institute of Psychiatry and Mental Health, Gregorio Marañón Health Research Institute (IiSGM), Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Research Networking Center for Mental Health Network (CIBERSAM), School of Medicine, Complutense University of Madrid (UCM), 28007 Madrid, Spain; (Á.A.-B.); (C.A.); (M.R.-C.); (M.P.)
| | - Iluminada Corripio
- Department of Psychiatry, Institut d’Investigació Biomèdica-Sant Pau (IIB-SANT PAU), Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Research Networking Center for Mental Health Network (CIBERSAM), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), 08041 Barcelona, Spain;
| | - Eduard Vieta
- August Pi i Sunyer Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBAPS), Institute of Neurosciences, Hospital Clinic, Research Networking Center for Mental Health Network (CIBERSAM), University of Barcelona, 08036 Barcelona, Spain;
| | - Inmaculada Baeza
- Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychology Department, SGR-881, August Pi i Sunyer Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBAPS), Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, Research Networking Center for Mental Health Network (CIBERSAM), Universitat de Barcelona, 08036 Barcelona, Spain;
| | - Anna Mané
- Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute, Research Networking Center for Mental Health Network (CIBERSAM), Autonomous University of Barcelona, 08003 Barcelona, Spain;
| | - Manuel Cuesta
- Department of Psychiatry, Navarra Institute for Health Research (IdiSNA), Complejo Hospitalario de Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain; (A.M.S.-T.); (M.C.)
| | - Elena de la Serna
- Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychology Department, Hospital Clinic of Barcelona, Research Networking Center for Mental Health Network (CIBERSAM), 08036 Barcelona, Spain;
| | - Beatriz Payá
- IDIVAL, Hospital Universitario Marqués de Valdecilla, 39008 Santander, Spain;
| | - Iñaki Zorrilla
- Department of Psychiatry, Bioaraba Health Research Institute, Hospital Universitario de Álava, Research Networking Center for Mental Health Network (CIBERSAM), University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), 01009 Vitoria, Spain; (A.G.-P.); (I.Z.)
| | - Celso Arango
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Institute of Psychiatry and Mental Health, Gregorio Marañón Health Research Institute (IiSGM), Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Research Networking Center for Mental Health Network (CIBERSAM), School of Medicine, Complutense University of Madrid (UCM), 28007 Madrid, Spain; (Á.A.-B.); (C.A.); (M.R.-C.); (M.P.)
| | - Miquel Bernardo
- Barcelona Clinic Schizophrenia Unit, Neuroscience Institute, August Pi I Sunyer Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBAPS), Hospital Clinic of Barcelona, Research Networking Center for Mental Health Network (CIBERSAM), University of Barcelona, 08036 Barcelona, Spain; (G.M.); (S.A.); (M.B.)
| | - Marta Rapado-Castro
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Institute of Psychiatry and Mental Health, Gregorio Marañón Health Research Institute (IiSGM), Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Research Networking Center for Mental Health Network (CIBERSAM), School of Medicine, Complutense University of Madrid (UCM), 28007 Madrid, Spain; (Á.A.-B.); (C.A.); (M.R.-C.); (M.P.)
- Melbourne Neuropsychiatry Centre, The University of Melbourne and Melbourne Health, 161 Barry Street, Carlton South, VIC 3053, Australia
| | - Mara Parellada
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Institute of Psychiatry and Mental Health, Gregorio Marañón Health Research Institute (IiSGM), Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Research Networking Center for Mental Health Network (CIBERSAM), School of Medicine, Complutense University of Madrid (UCM), 28007 Madrid, Spain; (Á.A.-B.); (C.A.); (M.R.-C.); (M.P.)
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14
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Amoretti S, Mezquida G, Rosa AR, Bioque M, Cuesta MJ, Pina-Camacho L, Garcia-Rizo C, Barcones F, González-Pinto A, Merchán-Naranjo J, Corripio I, Vieta E, Baeza I, Cortizo R, Bonnín CM, Torrent C, Bernardo M. The functioning assessment short test (FAST) applied to first-episode psychosis: Psychometric properties and severity thresholds. Eur Neuropsychopharmacol 2021; 47:98-111. [PMID: 33658165 DOI: 10.1016/j.euroneuro.2021.02.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2020] [Accepted: 02/11/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Functional impairment is a defining feature of psychotic disorders. The Functional Assessment Short Test (FAST) is one of the most widely used instruments to measure psychosocial functioning. However, cut-offs of impairment have been well-established for bipolar disorders, but not for other clinical populations. This study aims to analyse psychometric properties of the FAST and establish their corresponding cut-off values for the different severity gradations in a first-episode of non-affective psychosis (FEP) patients. Global Assessment Functioning (GAF) and FAST ratings from 212 non-affective FEP and 204 healthy controls were analyzed. The psychometric properties of FAST (internal consistency, concurrent validity, discriminant validity, factorial analyses and sensitivity to change) were analyzed. The severity gradations of the FAST were defined by the congruence between two grading methods: linear regression analysis (LRA) and percentiles. The FAST showed strong psychometric properties. LRA with the GAF scores yielded the following equation: GAFscore= 80.83 - 0.639*FASTscore. The FAST ranges in non-affective FEP patients derived from LRA and percentiles, were as follows: 0-9 (No impairment); 10-19 (Minimal impairment); 20-34 (Mild impairment); 35-45 (Moderate impairment); 46-72 (Severe impairment). Patients with no functional impairment had a higher socioeconomic status, fewer depressive and negative symptoms, lower severity of illness and higher cognitive reserve level than the others groups. In conclusion, the FAST shows optimal psychometric properties which corroborate its applicability in FEP populations. It is a well-demonstrated valid instrument and the present cut-off scores could be implemented in clinical and research practice to assess properly the psychosocial functional outcome of non-affective FEP populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Amoretti
- Barcelona Clinic Schizophrenia Unit, Hospital Clinic of Barcelona, Neuroscience Institute, Barcelona, Spain.; Department of Medicine, Institut de Neurociències, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.; Biomedical Research Networking Center for Mental Health Network (CIBERSAM), Barcelona, Spain.; August Pi I Sunyer Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Gisela Mezquida
- Barcelona Clinic Schizophrenia Unit, Hospital Clinic of Barcelona, Neuroscience Institute, Barcelona, Spain.; Department of Medicine, Institut de Neurociències, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.; Biomedical Research Networking Center for Mental Health Network (CIBERSAM), Barcelona, Spain.; August Pi I Sunyer Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Adriane R Rosa
- Laboratory of Molecular Psychiatry, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, Brazil.; Pharmacology Department and Postgraduate Program: Psychiatry and Behavioral Science, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Miquel Bioque
- Barcelona Clinic Schizophrenia Unit, Hospital Clinic of Barcelona, Neuroscience Institute, Barcelona, Spain.; Department of Medicine, Institut de Neurociències, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.; Biomedical Research Networking Center for Mental Health Network (CIBERSAM), Barcelona, Spain.; August Pi I Sunyer Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Manuel J Cuesta
- Department of Psychiatry, Complejo Hospitalario de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain.; IdiSNA, Navarra Institute for Health Research, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Laura Pina-Camacho
- Biomedical Research Networking Center for Mental Health Network (CIBERSAM), Barcelona, Spain.; Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Institute of Psychatry and Mental Health, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañon, IiSGM, School of Medicine, Universidad Complutense, Madrid, Spain
| | - Clemente Garcia-Rizo
- Barcelona Clinic Schizophrenia Unit, Hospital Clinic of Barcelona, Neuroscience Institute, Barcelona, Spain.; Department of Medicine, Institut de Neurociències, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.; Biomedical Research Networking Center for Mental Health Network (CIBERSAM), Barcelona, Spain.; August Pi I Sunyer Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Fe Barcones
- Department of Family Medicine, Hospital Universitario Miguel Servet, Zaragoza, Spain.; Department of Medicine and Psychiatry. Universidad de Zaragoza, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Aragón (IIS Aragón), Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Ana González-Pinto
- Biomedical Research Networking Center for Mental Health Network (CIBERSAM), Barcelona, Spain.; Department of Psychiatry, Araba University Hospital, Bioaraba Research Institute, Department of Neurociences, University of the Basque Country, Vitoria, Spain
| | - Jessica Merchán-Naranjo
- Biomedical Research Networking Center for Mental Health Network (CIBERSAM), Barcelona, Spain.; Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Institute of Psychatry and Mental Health, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañon, IiSGM, School of Medicine, Universidad Complutense, Madrid, Spain
| | - Iluminada Corripio
- Biomedical Research Networking Center for Mental Health Network (CIBERSAM), Barcelona, Spain.; Psychiatry Department, Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica-Sant Pau (IIB-SANT PAU), Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau; Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Eduard Vieta
- Department of Medicine, Institut de Neurociències, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.; Biomedical Research Networking Center for Mental Health Network (CIBERSAM), Barcelona, Spain.; August Pi I Sunyer Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain.; Bipolar and Depressive Disorders Unit, Hospital Clinic of Barcelona, Neuroscience Institute, Barcelona, Spain..
| | - Inmaculada Baeza
- Department of Medicine, Institut de Neurociències, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.; Biomedical Research Networking Center for Mental Health Network (CIBERSAM), Barcelona, Spain.; August Pi I Sunyer Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain.; Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychology, Clínic Institute of Neurosciences, Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, 2017SGR881, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Romina Cortizo
- Instituto de Neuropsiquiatria y Adicciones (INAD), Barcelona, Spain
| | - C Mar Bonnín
- Department of Medicine, Institut de Neurociències, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.; Biomedical Research Networking Center for Mental Health Network (CIBERSAM), Barcelona, Spain.; August Pi I Sunyer Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain.; Bipolar and Depressive Disorders Unit, Hospital Clinic of Barcelona, Neuroscience Institute, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Carla Torrent
- Department of Medicine, Institut de Neurociències, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.; Biomedical Research Networking Center for Mental Health Network (CIBERSAM), Barcelona, Spain.; August Pi I Sunyer Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain.; Bipolar and Depressive Disorders Unit, Hospital Clinic of Barcelona, Neuroscience Institute, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Miguel Bernardo
- Barcelona Clinic Schizophrenia Unit, Hospital Clinic of Barcelona, Neuroscience Institute, Barcelona, Spain.; Department of Medicine, Institut de Neurociències, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.; Biomedical Research Networking Center for Mental Health Network (CIBERSAM), Barcelona, Spain.; August Pi I Sunyer Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain
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15
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Shapiro ALB, Dabelea D, Stafford JM, D'Agostino R, Pihoker C, Liese AD, Shah AS, Bellatorre A, Lawrence JM, Henkin L, Saydah S, Wilkening G. Cognitive Function in Adolescents and Young Adults With Youth-Onset Type 1 Versus Type 2 Diabetes: The SEARCH for Diabetes in Youth Study. Diabetes Care 2021; 44:1273-1280. [PMID: 33905344 PMCID: PMC8247514 DOI: 10.2337/dc20-2308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2020] [Accepted: 03/11/2021] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Poor cognition has been observed in children and adolescents with youth-onset type 1 (T1D) and type 2 diabetes (T2D) compared with control subjects without diabetes. Differences in cognition between youth-onset T1D and T2D, however, are not known. Thus, using data from SEARCH for Diabetes in Youth, a multicenter, observational cohort study, we tested the association between diabetes type and cognitive function in adolescents and young adults with T1D (n = 1,095) or T2D (n = 285). RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS Cognition was assessed via the National Institutes of Health Toolbox Cognition Battery, and age-corrected composite Fluid Cognition scores were used as the primary outcome. Confounder-adjusted linear regression models were run. Model 1 included diabetes type and clinical site. Model 2 additionally included sex, race/ethnicity, waist-to-height ratio, diabetes duration, depressive symptoms, glycemic control, any hypoglycemic episode in the past year, parental education, and household income. Model 3 additionally included the Picture Vocabulary score, a measure of receptive language and crystallized cognition. RESULTS Having T2D was significantly associated with lower fluid cognitive scores before adjustment for confounders (model 1; P < 0.001). This association was attenuated to nonsignificance with the addition of a priori confounders (model 2; P = 0.06) and Picture Vocabulary scores (model 3; P = 0.49). Receptive language, waist-to-height ratio, and depressive symptoms remained significant in the final model (P < 0.01 for all, respectively). CONCLUSIONS These data suggest that while youth with T2D have worse fluid cognition than youth with T1D, these differences are accounted for by differences in crystallized cognition (receptive language), central adiposity, and mental health. These potentially modifiable factors are also independently associated with fluid cognitive health, regardless of diabetes type. Future studies of cognitive health in people with youth-onset diabetes should focus on investigating these significant factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Allison L B Shapiro
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO
- Lifecourse Epidemiology of Adiposity and Diabetes Center, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO
| | - Dana Dabelea
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO
- Lifecourse Epidemiology of Adiposity and Diabetes Center, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO
- Department of Epidemiology, Colorado School of Public Health, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO
| | - Jeanette M Stafford
- Department of Biostatistics and Data Science, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC
| | | | | | - Angela D Liese
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC
| | - Amy S Shah
- Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center and The University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH
| | - Anna Bellatorre
- Lifecourse Epidemiology of Adiposity and Diabetes Center, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO
| | - Jean M Lawrence
- Department of Research and Evaluation, Kaiser Permanente Southern California, Pasadena, CA
| | - Leora Henkin
- Department of Biostatistics and Data Science, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC
| | - Sharon Saydah
- Division of Diabetes Translation, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA
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16
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Is there a “g-neuron”? Establishing a systematic link between general intelligence (g) and the von Economo neuron. INTELLIGENCE 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.intell.2021.101540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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17
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Galletta D, Califano AI, Micanti F, Santangelo G, Santoriello C, de Bartolomeis A. Cognitive correlates of borderline intellectual functioning in borderline personality disorder. J Psychiatr Res 2020; 130:372-380. [PMID: 32882579 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychires.2020.06.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2020] [Revised: 06/02/2020] [Accepted: 06/24/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Borderline intellectual functioning (BIF) is highly prevalent in patients with borderline personality disorder (BPD), but their relationship remains poorly understood. This retrospective study aimed to investigate the cognitive profile of BIF among people diagnosed with BPD. Clinical, demographic, and neuropsychological data of fifty-five outpatients with BPD were analyzed. The sample split into two groups: BPD with BIF (BIF+: n = 25; intelligence quotient - IQ - range: 71-84) and BPD without BIF (BIF-: n = 30; IQ range: 86-124). Between-group comparisons employed either parametric and non-parametric descriptive statistics, as necessary. Neuropsychological measures (Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale-Revised - WAIS-R IQ, factor index, subtest scores) and cognitive performance deficits in the two groups were likewise compared aside, followed by Spearman's correlation test conducted on relevant metrics. The cognitive, but not the clinical and demographic profiles differed significantly between the two groups. BIF+ was associated with a specific pattern of verbal, attentive, and planning dysfunctions. The verbal comprehension index had the highest discriminative value for the presence of BIF in patients with BPD, and it was tightly associated with adaptive and social functioning. The neuropsychological assessment of BPD may be relevant to plan targeted interventions based on measures of cognitive functioning which could also serve to evaluate treatment efficacy and outcomes. Clinical implications and future directions are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana Galletta
- Department of Head-Neck Care Unit of Psychiatry and Psychology "Federico II", University Hospital Naples, Italy.
| | | | - Fausta Micanti
- Department of Head-Neck Care Unit of Psychiatry and Psychology "Federico II", University Hospital Naples, Italy
| | | | - Carmen Santoriello
- Department of Head-Neck Care Unit of Psychiatry and Psychology "Federico II", University Hospital Naples, Italy
| | - Andrea de Bartolomeis
- Department of Head-Neck Care Unit of Psychiatry and Psychology "Federico II", University Hospital Naples, Italy
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18
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Intellect is not that expensive: differential association of cultural and socio-economic factors with crystallized intelligence in a sample of Italian adolescents. INTELLIGENCE 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.intell.2020.101466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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19
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Foss MP, Diniz PRB, da Roza DL, Gefen T, Maher AC, Formigheri P, Spedo CT, Salmon CEG, Tumas V, Speciali JG, Santos AC. Anatomic and neuropsychological findings in low-educated cognitively intact elderly from a Brazilian cohort. Dement Neuropsychol 2019; 13:378-385. [PMID: 31844490 PMCID: PMC6907709 DOI: 10.1590/1980-57642018dn13-040003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
In elderly individuals, low educational level may represent a risk factor for the
development of dementia and a proxy of cognitive reserve. Objective: This study
examined the cognitive and neuroanatomic correlates of high versus low
educational levels in cognitively healthy community-dwelling older adults in
Brazil. Methods: Fifty-three older adults (mean age: 68±5.3 years) were divided
into a “low education” group [LE; 1-4 years of education (N=33)] and “high
education” group [HE; >11 years of education (N=20)]. Both groups completed a
comprehensive neuropsychological battery and underwent in vivo
structural MRI close to the time of testing. Results: Higher educational level
increased the chance of having better scores on neuropsychological tests,
including verbal and visual delayed recall of information, verbal learning,
category fluency, global cognition, and vocabulary. Better scores on these tests
were observed in the HE group relative to the LE group. Despite this, there were
no group differences between MRI measures. Conclusion: Older adults with higher
educational levels showed better scores on neuropsychological measures of
cognition, highlighting the need for education-adjusted norms in developing
countries. Given the absence of differences in structural anatomy between the
groups, these findings appear to be best explained by theories of cognitive
reserve.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Paula Foss
- Universidade de São Paulo, Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto, Hospital das Clínicas de Ribeirão Preto, Neurosciences Program, Department of Neurosciences and Behavioral Sciences, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Paula Rejane Beserra Diniz
- Universidade Federal de Pernambuco (UFPE), Center of Telehealth (NUTES), Department of Clinical Medicine, Recife, PE, Brazil
| | - Daiane Leite da Roza
- University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, Department of Neurosciences and Behavioral Sciences, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Tamar Gefen
- Mesulam Center for Cognitive Neurology and Alzheimer's Disease Center, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Amanda Cook Maher
- Department of Psychiatry, Neuropsychology Division, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48105, USA
| | - Paulo Formigheri
- Universidade de São Paulo, Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto, Program of Internal Medicine, Ribeirão Preto/SP, Brazil
| | - Carina T Spedo
- Universidade de São Paulo, Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto, Hospital das Clínicas de Ribeirão Preto, Neurosciences Program, Department of Neurosciences and Behavioral Sciences, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Carlos Ernesto Garrido Salmon
- Universidade de São Paulo, Faculdade de Filosofia, Ciências e Letras de Ribeirão Preto (FFCLRP), Department of Physics. Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Vitor Tumas
- Universidade de São Paulo, Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto, Hospital das Clínicas de Ribeirão Preto, Neurosciences Program, Department of Neurosciences and Behavioral Sciences, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - José Geraldo Speciali
- Universidade de São Paulo, Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto, Hospital das Clínicas de Ribeirão Preto, Neurosciences Program, Department of Neurosciences and Behavioral Sciences, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Antônio Carlos Santos
- Universidade de São Paulo, Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto, Department Internal Medicine, Radiology Division, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
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20
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Kravariti E, Demjaha A, Zanelli J, Ibrahim F, Wise C, MacCabe JH, Reichenberg A, Pilecka I, Morgan K, Fearon P, Morgan C, Doody GA, Donoghue K, Jones PB, Kaçar AŞ, Dazzan P, Lappin J, Murray RM. Neuropsychological function at first episode in treatment-resistant psychosis: findings from the ÆSOP-10 study. Psychol Med 2019; 49:2100-2110. [PMID: 30348234 PMCID: PMC6712950 DOI: 10.1017/s0033291718002957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2018] [Revised: 09/10/2018] [Accepted: 09/20/2018] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Neuropsychological investigations can help untangle the aetiological and phenomenological heterogeneity of schizophrenia but have scarcely been employed in the context of treatment-resistant (TR) schizophrenia. No population-based study has examined neuropsychological function in the first-episode of TR psychosis. METHODS We report baseline neuropsychological findings from a longitudinal, population-based study of first-episode psychosis, which followed up cases from index admission to 10 years. At the 10-year follow up patients were classified as treatment responsive or TR after reconstructing their entire case histories. Of 145 cases with neuropsychological data at baseline, 113 were classified as treatment responsive, and 32 as TR at the 10-year follow-up. RESULTS Compared with 257 community controls, both case groups showed baseline deficits in three composite neuropsychological scores, derived from principal component analysis: verbal intelligence and fluency, visuospatial ability and executive function, and verbal memory and learning (p values⩽0.001). Compared with treatment responders, TR cases showed deficits in verbal intelligence and fluency, both in the extended psychosis sample (t = -2.32; p = 0.022) and in the schizophrenia diagnostic subgroup (t = -2.49; p = 0.017). Similar relative deficits in the TR cases emerged in sub-/sensitivity analyses excluding patients with delayed-onset treatment resistance (p values<0.01-0.001) and those born outside the UK (p values<0.05). CONCLUSIONS Verbal intelligence and fluency are impaired in patients with TR psychosis compared with those who respond to treatment. This differential is already detectable - at a group level - at the first illness episode, supporting the conceptualisation of TR psychosis as a severe, pathogenically distinct variant, embedded in aberrant neurodevelopmental processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eugenia Kravariti
- Psychosis Studies Department, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, 16 De Crespigny Park, London SE5 8AF, England, UK
| | - Arsime Demjaha
- Psychosis Studies Department, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, 16 De Crespigny Park, London SE5 8AF, England, UK
| | - Jolanta Zanelli
- Psychosis Studies Department, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, 16 De Crespigny Park, London SE5 8AF, England, UK
| | - Fowzia Ibrahim
- Academic Rheumatology Department, School of Immunology & Microbial Sciences, King's College London, Weston Education Centre, 10 Cutcombe Road, London SE5 9RJ, England, UK
| | - Catherine Wise
- Psychosis Studies Department, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, 16 De Crespigny Park, London SE5 8AF, England, UK
| | - James H. MacCabe
- Psychosis Studies Department, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, 16 De Crespigny Park, London SE5 8AF, England, UK
| | - Abraham Reichenberg
- Psychosis Studies Department, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, 16 De Crespigny Park, London SE5 8AF, England, UK
- Environmental Medicine and Public Health Department, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, 1 Gustave L. Levy Place, New York NY 10029-5674, USA
| | - Izabela Pilecka
- Psychosis Studies Department, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, 16 De Crespigny Park, London SE5 8AF, England, UK
| | - Kevin Morgan
- Department of Psychology, University of Westminster, 115 New Cavendish Street, London W1W 2UW, England, UK
| | - Paul Fearon
- Department of Psychiatry, St. Patricks University Hospital and Trinity College, University of Dublin, James St., Dublin 8, Ireland
| | - Craig Morgan
- Health Service and Population Research Department, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, 16 De Crespigny Park, London SE5 8AF, England, UK
| | - Gillian A. Doody
- Division of Psychiatry and Applied Psychology, Queen's Medical Centre, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2UH, England, UK
| | - Kim Donoghue
- Addictions Department, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, 16 De Crespigny Park, London SE5 8AF, England, UK
| | - Peter B. Jones
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Cambridge, Herchel Smith Building, Cambridge CB2 0SZ, England, UK
| | - Anil Şafak Kaçar
- Koç University, School of Medicine, Rumelifeneri Yolu 34450 Sarıyer, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Paola Dazzan
- Psychosis Studies Department, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, 16 De Crespigny Park, London SE5 8AF, England, UK
| | - Julia Lappin
- Psychosis Studies Department, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, 16 De Crespigny Park, London SE5 8AF, England, UK
- UNSW Research Unit for Schizophrenia, School of Psychiatry, The University of New South Wales, Sydney NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Robin M. Murray
- Psychosis Studies Department, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, 16 De Crespigny Park, London SE5 8AF, England, UK
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Martins NIM, Caldas PR, Cabral ED, Lins CCDSA, Coriolano MDGWDS. Instrumentos de avaliação cognitiva utilizados nos últimos cinco anos em idosos brasileiros. CIENCIA & SAUDE COLETIVA 2019; 24:2513-2530. [DOI: 10.1590/1413-81232018247.20862017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2017] [Accepted: 10/04/2017] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Resumo A detecção e o monitoramento do déficit cognitivo em idosos são necessários já que podem causar impacto em sua funcionalidade. O objetivo dessa revisão integrativa é analisar a produção científica sobre uso de instrumentos de avaliação cognitiva em idosos brasileiros por meio de artigos publicados nos últimos cinco anos, indexados nas bases de dados Web of Science, PubMed, Scopus e Bireme. Os critérios de inclusão foram: artigos originais publicados em inglês e português, de 2012 a 2016, com critério de idade definido para ser considerado idoso, e escore maior que 6 no CASP adaptado. O critério de exclusão foi: ser resumo de congresso. A amostra final foi composta por 100 artigos. Foram apresentados os 61 instrumentos de avaliação cognitiva utilizados nos estudos, com destaque para o Mini Exame do Estado Mental. Essa revisão apresenta o uso de instrumentos cognitivos na pesquisa brasileira, suas diferentes versões e quais domínios são avaliados. O número de instrumentos presentes na literatura foi amplo. Os mais utilizados foram o MEEM (versão de Brucki e colaboradores), o Teste de Fluência Verbal (categoria animais) e o Teste Span de dígitos (ordem direta e inversa). Os achados apresentados nessa revisão são relevantes não apenas para área da pesquisa observacional e experimental, mas também para a prática clínica.
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The dual role of cognitive reserve in subjective cognitive decline and mild cognitive impairment: a 7-year follow-up study. J Neurol 2019; 266:487-497. [PMID: 30604054 DOI: 10.1007/s00415-018-9164-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2018] [Revised: 11/26/2018] [Accepted: 12/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of cognitive reserve (CR), in progression from subjective cognitive decline (SCD) to mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and Alzheimer's disease (AD). For this purpose, we followed up 263 patients (154 SCD; 109 MCI) for a mean time of 7 years. CR was assessed by the Test di Intelligenza Breve (TIB), functionally equivalent to the National Adult Reading Test. High CR resulted as a protective factor for progression from SCD to MCI. Age at conversion to MCI was delayed 9 years on average in SCD with high CR with respect to SCD with low CR. On the contrary, high CR resulted as a risk factor for progression from MCI to AD dementia only in APOE ε4 carriers. Conversion time from MCI to AD dementia was 3 years shorter in ε4 carriers with high CR than subjects with low CR and ε4 non-carriers with high CR. Consistent with the CR hypothesis, our results showed that higher levels of CR protect against the earliest clinical manifestations of AD. In line with the previous researches, we found an interaction between CR and APOE in progression from MCI to AD dementia.
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Sundaray S, Marinis T, Bose A. Comprehending Non-literal Language: Effects of Aging and Bilingualism. Front Psychol 2018; 9:2230. [PMID: 30524339 PMCID: PMC6262781 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2018.02230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2018] [Accepted: 10/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
A pressing issue that the twenty-first century is facing in many parts of the developed world is a rapidly aging population. Whilst several studies have looked at aging older adults and their language use in terms of vocabulary, syntax and sentence comprehension, few have focused on the comprehension of non-literal language (i.e., pragmatic inference-making) by aging older adults, and even fewer, if any, have explored the effects of bilingualism on pragmatic inferences of non-literal language by aging older bilinguals. Thus, the present study examined the effects of age(ing) and the effects of bilingualism on aging older adults' ability to infer non-literal meaning. Four groups of participants made up of monolingual English-speaking and bilingual English-Tamil speaking young (17-23 years) and older (60-83 years) adults were tested with pragmatic tasks that included non-conventional indirect requests, conversational implicatures, conventional metaphors and novel metaphors for both accuracy and efficiency in terms of response times. While the study did not find any significant difference between monolinguals and bilinguals on pragmatic inferences, there was a significant effect of age on one type of non-literal language tested: conventional metaphors. The effect of age was present only for the monolinguals with aging older monolinguals performing less well than the young monolinguals. Aging older bilingual adults were not affected by age whilst processing conventional metaphors. This suggests a bilingual advantage in pragmatic inferences of conventional metaphors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shamala Sundaray
- School of Psychology and Clinical Language Sciences, University of Reading, Reading, United Kingdom
| | - Theodoros Marinis
- School of Psychology and Clinical Language Sciences, University of Reading, Reading, United Kingdom
- Department of Linguistics, University of Konstanz, Konstanz, Germany
| | - Arpita Bose
- School of Psychology and Clinical Language Sciences, University of Reading, Reading, United Kingdom
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Del Pino R, Peña J, Ibarretxe-Bilbao N, Schretlen DJ, Ojeda N. Demographically Calibrated Norms for Two Premorbid Intelligence Measures: The Word Accentuation Test and Pseudo-Words Reading Subtest. Front Psychol 2018; 9:1950. [PMID: 30364231 PMCID: PMC6193077 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2018.01950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2018] [Accepted: 09/21/2018] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The Word Accentuation Test (WAT, Spanish adaptation of the NART) and the Pseudo-Words (PW) Reading subtest from the Battery for Reading Processes Assessment-Revised (PROLEC-R) are measures to estimate premorbid IQ. This study aims to develop demographically calibrated norms for these premorbid measures in a representative sample of the adult Spanish population in terms of age, education, and sex. A sample of 700 healthy participants from 18 to 86 years old completed the WAT and the PW Reading subtest. The effect of age, years of formal education, and sex on WAT total score, PW total score, and time to complete the PW task (PW time) were analyzed. Percentiles and scalar scores were obtained for each raw score according to nine age ranges and individual education levels. The results indicated a significant effect of age and education on the premorbid performance assessed, with no significant effect of sex. Age and education explained from 1.9 to 33.2% of the variance in premorbid IQ variables. Older participants with fewer years of education obtained worse premorbid IQ estimates. This premorbid IQ estimation decline started in the 56-65 age range for WAT total score and PW time, whereas it started in the 71-75 age range for PW total score. This study reports the first demographic-calibrated norms for WAT and PW Reading subtest for Spanish-speaking population. Even though the influence of age and years of education on premorbid IQ measures was confirmed, the PW Reading subtest showed to be more resistant to decline in elderly population than the WAT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rocio Del Pino
- Neurodegenerative Diseases Group, BioCruces Health Research Institute, Barakaldo, Spain.,Department of Methods and Experimental Psychology, University of Deusto, Bilbao, Spain
| | - Javier Peña
- Department of Methods and Experimental Psychology, University of Deusto, Bilbao, Spain
| | | | - David J Schretlen
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Natalia Ojeda
- Department of Methods and Experimental Psychology, University of Deusto, Bilbao, Spain
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25
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Stefanatou P, Karatosidi CS, Tsompanaki E, Kattoulas E, Stefanis NC, Smyrnis N. Premorbid adjustment predictors of cognitive dysfunction in schizophrenia. Psychiatry Res 2018; 267:249-255. [PMID: 29940456 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2018.06.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2017] [Revised: 06/11/2018] [Accepted: 06/12/2018] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Premorbid adjustment (PA) in academic and social domain is a key-predictor of cognitive performance in schizophrenia. Prior studies provided inconsistent findings regarding the differential relationships of PA domains with post-illness cognition. Multivariate associations of academic and social PA in each developmental stage (childhood, early and late adolescence) with post-onset cognitive variables were explored. Furthermore, possible differential relationships of PA domain deterioration courses with post-onset cognitive dysfunction were investigated. Seventy-five schizophrenia patients were evaluated with Premorbid Adjustment Scale (PAS). General cognitive ability, verbal IQ, verbal memory and learning, processing speed, working memory, executive function and premorbid IQ were assessed. Canonical Correlation Analyses revealed that poorer academic PA across childhood and early adolescence was related to worse post-onset verbal IQ, working memory, verbal learning and executive function, while academic PA deterioration between early and late adolescence was associated with poorer verbal learning and executive function and, as further analysis indicated, predicts IQ decline. Academic PA was exclusively associated with post-onset cognitive impairment. New evidence emerged for the specificity of each developmental period in constructing academic PA in its relation to post-illness cognition. Early premorbid academic maladjustment possibly constitutes the onset of a cognitive dysmaturational process which results to post-diagnosis impaired cognition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pentagiotissa Stefanatou
- Psychiatry Department, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Medical School, Eginition Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - Chrysovalado-Sofia Karatosidi
- Psychiatry Department, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Medical School, Eginition Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - Evgenia Tsompanaki
- Department of Statistics, School of Information Sciences and Technology, Athens University of Economics and Business, Athens, Greece
| | - Emmanouil Kattoulas
- Psychiatry Department, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Medical School, Eginition Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - Nicholas C Stefanis
- Psychiatry Department, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Medical School, Eginition Hospital, Athens, Greece; University Mental Health Research Institute, Athens, Greece
| | - Nikolaos Smyrnis
- Psychiatry Department, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Medical School, Eginition Hospital, Athens, Greece; University Mental Health Research Institute, Athens, Greece.
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26
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Ayesa-Arriola R, Setién-Suero E, Neergaard KD, Belzunces ÀA, Contreras F, van Haren NEM, Crespo-Facorro B. Premorbid IQ subgroups in first episode non affective psychosis patients: Long-term sex differences in function and neurocognition. Schizophr Res 2018; 197:370-377. [PMID: 29275855 DOI: 10.1016/j.schres.2017.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2017] [Revised: 12/07/2017] [Accepted: 12/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Low IQ has been associated with schizophrenia, even to the point of being posited as a possible causal factor for psychosis. However, individuals with normal and high IQ also develop psychotic illnesses. The aim of this study was to characterize premorbid IQ subgroups at first episode of psychosis (FEP). METHODS The study sample comes from a large epidemiological, 3-year longitudinal, intervention program on psychosis containing individuals living in a catchment area in Spain. Estimated premorbid IQ (epIQ) scores were used to build low (<90), normal (90-110) and high (>110) epIQ subgroups in samples of FEP patients (N=292) and healthy controls (N=199). The epIQ subgroups were compared in sociodemographic, neuropsychological, clinical and premorbid characteristics. Long-term functional and cognitive outcome, with a focus on sex differences, were also explored. RESULTS Low-epIQ was more frequently found in FEP patients (28.8%) than in healthy controls (14.6%). Low-epIQ patients were more likely to have worse premorbid adjustment, belong to low socioeconomic status families, have less years of education, and to be single, unemployed, and younger. They presented more severe impairments in processing speed, executive and global cognitive function. Female patients with low-epIQ showed better baseline function and more stable outcome than males. CONCLUSIONS Our results indicate that low premorbid IQ is a morbid manifestation, easily detected in a subgroup of FEP patients that predicts poorer outcome particularly in males. This perspective provides important information for the tailoring of subgroup-specific early intervention programs for psychosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosa Ayesa-Arriola
- Department of Psychiatry, Marqués de Valdecilla University Hospital, IDIVAL, School of Medicine, University of Cantabria, Santander, Spain; Centro Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Madrid, Spain.
| | - Esther Setién-Suero
- Department of Psychiatry, Marqués de Valdecilla University Hospital, IDIVAL, School of Medicine, University of Cantabria, Santander, Spain
| | - Karl David Neergaard
- Department of Chinese and Bilingual Studies, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Àuria Albacete Belzunces
- Psychiatry Department, Bellvitge University Hospital - Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica de Bellvitge, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Clinical Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Fernando Contreras
- Centro Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Madrid, Spain; Psychiatry Department, Bellvitge University Hospital - Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica de Bellvitge, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Clinical Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Neeltje E M van Haren
- Brain Centre Rudolf Magnus, Department of Psychiatry, University Medical Centre Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Benedicto Crespo-Facorro
- Department of Psychiatry, Marqués de Valdecilla University Hospital, IDIVAL, School of Medicine, University of Cantabria, Santander, Spain; Centro Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Madrid, Spain
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Darby RR, Brickhouse M, Wolk DA, Dickerson BC. Effects of cognitive reserve depend on executive and semantic demands of the task. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 2017; 88:794-802. [PMID: 28630377 PMCID: PMC5963955 DOI: 10.1136/jnnp-2017-315719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2017] [Revised: 04/06/2017] [Accepted: 04/19/2017] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cognitive reserve (CR) is one factor that helps to maintain cognitive function in patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD). Whether the effects of CR depend on the semantic/executive components of the task remains unknown. METHODS 470 patients (138 with AD, 332 with mild cognitive impairment (MCI)) were selected from the Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative database. Linear regression models were used to determine the effects of CR (years of education) on cognitive performance after controlling for demographic factors and regional cortical atrophy. First, we assessed memory tasks with low (Auditory Verbal Learning Test (AVLT) discriminability), moderate (AVLT delayed recall) and high (Logical Memory Test (LMT) delayed recall) executive/semantic components. Next, we assessed tasks with lower (digit span forward, Trails A) or higher (digit span backwards, Trails B) executive demands, and lower (figure copying) or higher (naming, semantic fluency) semantic demands. RESULTS High CR was significantly associated with performance on the LMT delayed recall, approached significance in the AVLT delayed recall and was not significantly associated with performance on AVLT discriminability. High CR was significantly associated with performance on the Trails B and digit span backwards, mildly associated with Trails A performance and was not associated with performance on digit span forwards. High CR was associated with performance on semantic but not visuospatial tasks. High CR was associated with semantic tasks in patients with both MCI and AD, but was only associated with executive functions in patients with MCI. CONCLUSION CR may relate to executive functioning and semantic knowledge, leading to preserved cognitive performance in patients with AD pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Ryan Darby
- Berenson-Allen Center for Noninvasive Brain Stimulation, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Neurology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Frontotemporal Dementia Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Michael Brickhouse
- Athinoula A Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - David A Wolk
- Penn Memory Center, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Neurology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Alzheimer’s Disease Core Center, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Bradford C Dickerson
- Frontotemporal Dementia Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Athinoula A Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Massachusetts Alzheimer’s Disease Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
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28
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Park H, Chey J, Lee J. Vocabulary Knowledge is Not a Predictor of General Cognitive Functioning in Elderly People with Very Low Educational Attainment. Dement Neurocogn Disord 2017; 16:20-25. [PMID: 30906366 PMCID: PMC6427989 DOI: 10.12779/dnd.2017.16.1.20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2016] [Revised: 03/06/2017] [Accepted: 03/06/2017] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Vocabulary knowledge is used as a representative index of general intelligence, and is regarded as a marker for cognitive reserve in elderly people. However, vocabulary knowledge mainly depends on formal education, hence, it may not fully represent cognitive functioning in elderly people with poor educational backgrounds. Herein, we investigated whether vocabulary knowledge is a measure of general cognitive ability among normal elderly people with few years of formal education. METHODS The association between vocabulary knowledge and general cognitive functioning was compared between 35 elderly females with very low educational attainment and 68 elderly females with higher education. RESULTS The vocabulary knowledge was a significant predictor of general cognitive functioning in elderly individuals with more than primary education, even after controlling the effects of age and years of education. However, it was not a significant predictor of general cognitive functioning in elderly individuals with very low educational attainment. CONCLUSIONS Vocabulary assessment was effective in estimating general cognitive functioning in elderly individuals who received ≥6 years of education. Our findings suggested that vocabulary knowledge may not be an effective proxy of premorbid intelligence or cognitive reserve in people who have not completed elementary schooling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heyeon Park
- Department of Psychology, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
- Office of Humanitarian & Public Healthcare Support, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Korea
| | - Jeanyung Chey
- Department of Psychology, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jiyoun Lee
- Department of Psychology, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
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29
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Gonçalves C, Pinho MS, Cruz V, Gens H, Oliveira F, Pais J, Rente J, Santana I, Santos JM. Portuguese version of Wechsler Memory Scale–3rd edition’s utility with demented elderly adults. APPLIED NEUROPSYCHOLOGY-ADULT 2016; 24:212-225. [DOI: 10.1080/23279095.2015.1135440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Cátia Gonçalves
- Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Maria S. Pinho
- Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Vítor Cruz
- Neurology Department, Entre o Douro e o Vouga Hospital Center, Santa Maria da Feira, Portugal
| | - Helena Gens
- Neurology Department, Coimbra Hospital and University Center, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Fátima Oliveira
- Neurology Department, Coimbra Hospital and University Center, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Joana Pais
- Neurology Department, Entre o Douro e o Vouga Hospital Center, Santa Maria da Feira, Portugal
| | - José Rente
- Neurology Department, Baixo Vouga Hospital Center, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Isabel Santana
- Neurology Department, Coimbra Hospital and University Center, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - José M. Santos
- Neurology Department, Baixo Vouga Hospital Center, Aveiro, Portugal
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30
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Labiano-Fontcuberta A, Mato-Abad V, Álvarez-Linera J, Hernández-Tamames JA, Martínez-Ginés ML, Aladro Y, Ayuso L, Domingo-Santos Á, Benito-León J. Gray Matter Involvement in Radiologically Isolated Syndrome. Medicine (Baltimore) 2016; 95:e3208. [PMID: 27043685 PMCID: PMC4998546 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000003208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The unanticipated magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) detection in the brain of asymptomatic subjects of white matter lesions suggestive of multiple sclerosis has recently been named as radiologically isolated syndrome (RIS). The pathophysiological processes of RIS remain largely unknown and questions as to whether gray matter alterations actually occur in this entity are yet to be investigated in more detail. By means of a 3 T multimodal MRI approach, we searched for cortical and deep gray matter changes in a cohort of RIS patients. Seventeen RIS patients, 17 clinically isolated syndrome (CIS) patients (median disease duration from symptom onset = 12 months), and 17 healthy controls underwent MRI and neuropsychological testing. Normalized deep gray matter volumes and regional cortical thickness were assessed using FreeSurfer. SIENAX was used to obtain normalized global and cortical brain volumes. Voxelwise morphometry analysis was performed by using SPM8 software to localize regions of brain tissue showing significant changes of fractional anisotropy or mean diffusivity. Although no differences were observed between CIS and healthy controls groups, RIS patients showed significantly lower normalized cortical volume (673 ± 27.07 vs 641 ± 35.88 [cm³ × 10³, Tukey P test = 0.009) and mean thalamic volume (0.0051 ± 0.4 vs 0.0046 ± 0.4 mm, P = 0.014) compared with healthy controls. RIS patients also showed significant thinning in a number of cortical areas, that were primarily distributed in frontal and temporal lobes (P < 0.05, uncorrected). Strong correlations were observed between T2-white matter lesion volume and regional cortical thickness (rho spearman ranging from 0.60 to 0.80). Our data suggest that white matter lesions on T2-weighted images are not the only hallmark of RIS. Future longitudinal studies with larger samples are warranted to better clarify the effect of RIS-related white matter lesions on gray matter tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrés Labiano-Fontcuberta
- From the Department of Neurology, University Hospital "12 de Octubre" (AL-F, AD-S, JB-L); Neuroimaging Laboratory, Center for Biomedical Technology, Rey Juan Carlos University, Móstoles (VM-A, JAH-T); Department of Radiology, Hospital Ruber International (JA-L); Department of Neurology, University Hospital "Gregorio Marañón," Madrid, Spain (MLM-G); Department of Neurology, University Hospital of Getafe, Getafe (YA); Department of Neurology, University Hospital "Principe de Asturias," Alcalá de Henares (LA); Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED) (JB-L); and Department of Medicine, Complutense University (JB-L), Madrid, Spain
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31
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Baradel RR, da Silva HS, Estequi JG, Parente MADMP, Sato JR, Carthery-Goulart MT. Semantic memory for actions as assessed by the Kissing and Dancing Test: Education and age effects in cognitively healthy individuals. Dement Neuropsychol 2014; 8:216-222. [PMID: 29213906 PMCID: PMC5619397 DOI: 10.1590/s1980-57642014dn83000004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Action semantics is a relevant part of cognitive-linguistic assessment and the "Kissing and Dancing Test" (KDT) has been used extensively for this purpose, evidencing clinical distinctions among brain-damaged patients. To enhance its use, reference values are necessary, especially for populations with heterogeneous educational levels and socioeconomic backgrounds. Objective To analyze the effects of schooling and age on the KDT in cognitively unimpaired individuals. Methods The KDT was applied to seventy-four healthy subjects. Sociodemographic factors were investigated through correlational and between-group analyses. Reference values according to age and schooling were provided. Results KDT performance correlated significantly with schooling (r=0.757, p<0.01), age (r=-0.496, p<0.01) and socioeconomic status (r=0.418 p<0.01) but these variables were intercorrelated. Correlation with schooling and age remained significant when controlling for age and socioeconomic status (r=0.530, p<0.01), and for schooling (-0.305,<0.01), respectively. When controlling for schooling, correlation between socioeconomic status and KDT was not significant (p=0.164). Between-group analyses revealed no age effects. Significant differences were found in performance according to educational level. Scores below 39/52 and below 47/52 (percentile 25) for individuals with 8 or less years of schooling and for individuals with 9 or more years of schooling, respectively, seem suggestive of an impairment in Action Semantics Processing and shall be further investigated. Conclusion KDT performance was influenced both by age and schooling, indicating the need to consider these demographic features as covariates when analyzing performance on the test and to adjust cut-off scores according to these demographic characteristics in clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberta Roque Baradel
- UFABC - Universidade Federal do ABC. Center of Mathematics, Computation and Cognition. Neuroscience and Cognition. Post-graduation. Language and Cognition Research Group (GELC-UFABC), Santo André, SP, Brazil
| | - Henrique Salmazo da Silva
- UFABC - Universidade Federal do ABC. Center of Mathematics, Computation and Cognition. Neuroscience and Cognition. Post-graduation. Language and Cognition Research Group (GELC-UFABC), Santo André, SP, Brazil
| | - Jaqueline Geraldin Estequi
- UFABC - Universidade Federal do ABC. Center of Mathematics, Computation and Cognition. Neuroscience and Cognition. Post-graduation. Language and Cognition Research Group (GELC-UFABC), Santo André, SP, Brazil
| | - Maria Alice de Mattos Pimenta Parente
- UFABC - Universidade Federal do ABC. Center of Mathematics, Computation and Cognition. Neuroscience and Cognition. Post-graduation. Language and Cognition Research Group (GELC-UFABC), Santo André, SP, Brazil
| | - João Ricardo Sato
- UFABC - Universidade Federal do ABC. Center of Mathematics, Computation and Cognition. Neuroscience and Cognition. Post-graduation. Language and Cognition Research Group (GELC-UFABC), Santo André, SP, Brazil
| | - Maria Teresa Carthery-Goulart
- UFABC - Universidade Federal do ABC. Center of Mathematics, Computation and Cognition. Neuroscience and Cognition. Post-graduation. Language and Cognition Research Group (GELC-UFABC), Santo André, SP, Brazil.,Behavioural and Cognitive Neurology Unit, University of São Paulo, School of Medicine, São Paulo, Brazil
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