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Arab A, Mostafalou S. Pesticides and insulin resistance-related metabolic diseases: Evidences and mechanisms. PESTICIDE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY 2023; 195:105521. [PMID: 37666627 DOI: 10.1016/j.pestbp.2023.105521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2023] [Revised: 07/01/2023] [Accepted: 07/05/2023] [Indexed: 09/06/2023]
Abstract
The use of pesticides in the past century has lot helped humankind in improving crops' field and general hygiene level. Nevertheless, there has been countless evidences on the toxic effects of pesticides on the living systems. The link of exposure to pesticides with different human chronic diseases in the context of carcinogenicity, neurotoxicity, developmental toxicity, etc., have been evaluated in various types of studies. There are also some evidences on the link of exposure to pesticides with higher incidence of metabolic diseases associated with insulin resistance like diabetes, obesity, metabolic syndrome, hypertension, polycystic ovary syndrome and chronic kidney diseases. Physiologically, weakening intracellular insulin signaling is considered as a compensatory mechanism for cells to cope with cellular stresses like xenobiotic effects, oxidative stress and inflammatory responses, but it can pathologically lead to a defective cycle with lowered sensitivity of the cells to insulin which happens in metabolic disorders. In this work, the data related to metabolic toxicity of pesticides categorized in the mentioned metabolic diseases with a focus on the effects of pesticides on insulin signaling pathway and the mechanisms of development of insulin resistance will be systematically reviewed and presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Arab
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Ardabil University of Medical Sciences, Ardabil, Iran
| | - Sara Mostafalou
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Ardabil University of Medical Sciences, Ardabil, Iran.
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2
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Trowbridge J, Abrahamsson D, Bland GD, Jiang T, Wang M, Park JS, Morello-Frosch R, Sirota M, Lee H, Goin DE, Zlatnik MG, Woodruff TJ. Extending Nontargeted Discovery of Environmental Chemical Exposures during Pregnancy and Their Association with Pregnancy Complications-A Cross-Sectional Study. ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES 2023; 131:77003. [PMID: 37466315 PMCID: PMC10355149 DOI: 10.1289/ehp11546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2022] [Revised: 05/18/2023] [Accepted: 05/19/2023] [Indexed: 07/20/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Nontargeted analysis (NTA) methods identify novel exposures; however, few chemicals have been quantified and interrogated with pregnancy complications. OBJECTIVES We characterized levels of nine exogenous and endogenous chemicals in maternal and cord blood identified, selected, and confirmed in prior NTA steps, including linear and branched isomers perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS), perfluorohexane sulfonate (PFHxS), monoethylhexyl phthalate, 4-nitrophenol, tetraethylene glycol, tridecanedioic acid, octadecanedioic acid, and deoxycholic acid. We evaluated relationships between maternal and cord levels and between gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) and hypertensive disorders of pregnancy in a diverse pregnancy cohort in San Francisco. METHODS We collected matched maternal and cord serum samples at delivery from 302 pregnant study participants from the Chemicals in Our Bodies cohort in San Francisco. Chemicals were identified via NTA and quantified using targeted approaches. We calculated distributions and Spearman correlation coefficients testing the relationship of chemicals within and between the maternal and cord blood matrices. We used adjusted logistic regression to calculate the odds of GDM and hypertensive disorders of pregnancy associated with an interquartile range increase in maternal chemical exposures. RESULTS We detected linear PFOS, PFHxS, octadecanedioic acid, and deoxycholic acid in at least 97% of maternal samples. Correlations ranged between - 0.1 and 0.9. We observed strong correlations between cord and maternal levels of PFHxS, linear PFOS, and branched PFOS (coefficient = 0.9 , 0.8, and 0.8, respectively). An interquartile range increase in linear and branched PFOS, tridecanedioic acid, octadecanedioic acid, and deoxycholic acid was associated with increased odds ratio (OR) of GDM [OR = 1.33 (95% CI: 0.89, 2.01), 1.24 (95% CI: 0.86, 1.80), 1.26 (95% CI: 0.93, 1.73), 1.24 (95% CI: 0.86, 1.80), and 1.23 (95% CI: 0.87, 1.75), respectively]. Tridecanedioic acid was positively associated with hypertensive disorders of pregnancy [OR = 1.28 (95% CI: 0.90, 1.86)]. DISCUSSION We identified both exogenous and endogenous chemicals seldom quantified in pregnant study participants that were also related to pregnancy complications and demonstrated the utility of NTA to identify chemical exposures of concern. https://doi.org/10.1289/EHP11546.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica Trowbridge
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, Program on Reproductive Health and the Environment, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Dimitri Abrahamsson
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, Program on Reproductive Health and the Environment, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Garret D. Bland
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, Program on Reproductive Health and the Environment, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Ting Jiang
- Environmental Chemistry Laboratory, Department of Toxic Substances Control, California Environmental Protection Agency, Berkeley, California, USA
| | - Miaomiao Wang
- Environmental Chemistry Laboratory, Department of Toxic Substances Control, California Environmental Protection Agency, Berkeley, California, USA
| | - June-Soo Park
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, Program on Reproductive Health and the Environment, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
- Environmental Chemistry Laboratory, Department of Toxic Substances Control, California Environmental Protection Agency, Berkeley, California, USA
| | - Rachel Morello-Frosch
- Department of Environmental Science and Policy Management, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California, USA
- School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California, USA
| | - Marina Sirota
- Bakar Computational Health Sciences Institute, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Harim Lee
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, Program on Reproductive Health and the Environment, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Dana E. Goin
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, Program on Reproductive Health and the Environment, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Marya G. Zlatnik
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, Program on Reproductive Health and the Environment, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Tracey J. Woodruff
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, Program on Reproductive Health and the Environment, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
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Ruis M, Hoffman K, Stapleton HM. Brominated flame retardants and legacy organochlorines in archived human placenta samples: Sex differences, temporal analysis and associations with infant birth weight. CHEMOSPHERE 2023; 322:138170. [PMID: 36804493 PMCID: PMC10039416 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2023.138170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2022] [Revised: 02/14/2023] [Accepted: 02/15/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Perinatal exposure to persistent organic pollutants (POPs) has been suggested to play a role in the etiology of adverse pregnancy outcomes. This study evaluated temporal changes in the accumulation of several classes of POPs, including polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs), polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) and several organochlorine pesticides in human placenta and examined their associations with birth outcomes at delivery. Placental tissues (n = 99) previously collected and archived at the Duke University Medical Center from 2009 to 2015 were analyzed for 22 POPs using gas chromatography mass spectrometry. The mean age of mothers was 30.6 years; 8% of newborns were characterized as low birthweight (<2500 g). Of the 22 POPs targeted in the analysis, only p,p'-DDE, BDE-47 and BDE-100 were detected in more than 50% of the samples, with median concentrations of 0.110, 0.310, and 0.033 ng/g wet weight, respectively. Placental PBDE concentrations generally decreased over time, particularly BDE-47. Placental tissues associated with female infants had significantly higher levels of BDE-100 than placental tissues associated with male infants (p = 0.02) and a similar, but not statistically significant trend was observed for BDE-47 (p = 0.07). Multivariate regression models revealed that placental BDE-47 concentrations were associated with a significantly lower birthweight among male, but not female infants. A similar, although non-statistically significant, trend was observed for other POPs, further suggesting sex-specific associations between gestational exposure to POPs and birthweight.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew Ruis
- Nicholas School of the Environment, Levine Science Research Center, Duke University, Durham, NC, 27710, USA
| | - Kate Hoffman
- Nicholas School of the Environment, Levine Science Research Center, Duke University, Durham, NC, 27710, USA; Children's Health Discovery Initiative, Duke School of Medicine, North Carolina, United States
| | - Heather M Stapleton
- Nicholas School of the Environment, Levine Science Research Center, Duke University, Durham, NC, 27710, USA.
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Kostoff RN, Briggs MB, Kanduc D, Dewanjee S, Kandimalla R, Shoenfeld Y, Porter AL, Tsatsakis A. Modifiable contributing factors to COVID-19: A comprehensive review. Food Chem Toxicol 2023; 171:113511. [PMID: 36450305 PMCID: PMC9701571 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2022.113511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2022] [Revised: 11/01/2022] [Accepted: 11/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The devastating complications of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) result from an individual's dysfunctional immune response following the initial severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection. Multiple toxic stressors and behaviors contribute to underlying immune system dysfunction. SARS-CoV-2 exploits the dysfunctional immune system to trigger a chain of events ultimately leading to COVID-19. The current study identifies eighty immune system dysfunction-enabling toxic stressors and behaviors (hereafter called modifiable contributing factors (CFs)) that also link directly to COVID-19. Each CF is assigned to one of the five categories in the CF taxonomy shown in Section 3.3.: Lifestyle (e.g., diet, substance abuse); Iatrogenic (e.g., drugs, surgery); Biotoxins (e.g., micro-organisms, mycotoxins); Occupational/Environmental (e.g., heavy metals, pesticides); Psychosocial/Socioeconomic (e.g., chronic stress, lower education). The current study shows how each modifiable factor contributes to decreased immune system capability, increased inflammation and coagulation, and increased neural damage and neurodegeneration. It is unclear how real progress can be made in combatting COVID-19 and other similar diseases caused by viral variants without addressing and eliminating these modifiable CFs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ronald Neil Kostoff
- Independent Consultant, Gainesville, VA, 20155, USA,Corresponding author. Independent Consultant, 13500 Tallyrand Way, Gainesville, VA, 20155, USA
| | | | - Darja Kanduc
- Dept. of Biosciences, Biotechnologies, and Biopharmaceutics, University of Bari, Via Orabona 4, Bari, 70125, Italy
| | - Saikat Dewanjee
- Advanced Pharmacognosy Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Jadavpur University, Kolkata, 700032, India
| | - Ramesh Kandimalla
- Applied Biology, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Uppal Road, Tarnaka, Hyderabad, 500007, Telangana, India
| | - Yehuda Shoenfeld
- Zabludowicz Center for Autoimmune Diseases, Sheba Medical Center, Tel-Hashomer, 5265601, Israel
| | - Alan L. Porter
- School of Public Policy, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, 30332, USA
| | - Aristidis Tsatsakis
- Department of Forensic Sciences and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Crete, 71003, Heraklion, Greece
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Men C, Liu R, Wang Y, Cao L, Jiao L, Li L, Wang Y. Impact of particle sizes on health risks and source-specific health risks for heavy metals in road dust. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 29:75471-75486. [PMID: 35655016 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-21060-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2022] [Accepted: 05/20/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
To analyze the impact of particle sizes on sources and related health risks for heavy metals, road dust samples in Beijing were collected and sifted into five particle sizes. The positive matrix factorization (PMF), human health risk assessment model (HHRA), and Monte Carlo simulation were used in the health risk assessment and source apportionment. Results showed that mass of particles < 74 μm occupied about 50% of the total particles, while only 8.48% of the particles were > 500 μm. Mass distribution and concentrations of heavy metals in each particle size changed in temporal. Over 85.00% of carcinogenic risks (CR) were from particles <74 μm, whereas CR from particles >250 μm were ignorable. Sources for health risks in each particle size were traffic exhaust, fuel combustion, construction, and use of pesticides and fertilizers. Proportions of sources to CR differed among particle sizes. Traffic exhaust and fuel combustion contributed over 90% to CR in particles <74 μm, whereas construction contributed the highest (31.68-54.14%) among all sources in particles 74-250 μm. Furthermore, the difference between health risks based on sifted road dust and that based on unsifted road dust was quantitatively analyzed. Source-specific health risk apportionment based on unsifted road dust was not presentative to all particle sizes, and true value of health risks could be over 2.5 times of the estimated value based on unsifted road dust, emphasized the importance of sifting of road dust.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cong Men
- State Key Laboratory of Water Environment Simulation, School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, No. 19, Xinjiekouwai Street, Beijing, 100875, China
| | - Ruimin Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Water Environment Simulation, School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, No. 19, Xinjiekouwai Street, Beijing, 100875, China.
| | - Yifan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Water Environment Simulation, School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, No. 19, Xinjiekouwai Street, Beijing, 100875, China
| | - Leiping Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Water Environment Simulation, School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, No. 19, Xinjiekouwai Street, Beijing, 100875, China
| | - Lijun Jiao
- State Key Laboratory of Water Environment Simulation, School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, No. 19, Xinjiekouwai Street, Beijing, 100875, China
| | - Lin Li
- State Key Laboratory of Water Environment Simulation, School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, No. 19, Xinjiekouwai Street, Beijing, 100875, China
| | - Yue Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Water Environment Simulation, School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, No. 19, Xinjiekouwai Street, Beijing, 100875, China
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Chen H, Liang X, Chen L, Zuo L, Chen K, Wei Y, Chen S, Hao G. Associations Between Household Pesticide Exposure, Smoking and Hypertension. Front Public Health 2022; 10:754643. [PMID: 35273934 PMCID: PMC8902065 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2022.754643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2021] [Accepted: 01/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
This analysis aims to investigate the association between household pesticide exposure and hypertension risk, and to determine whether smoking plays a role in this association. We used data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) for the years 1999–2014, including a total of 32,309 U.S. adult participants who were 20 years or older. Smoking status and pesticide exposure were self-reported. Blood pressure was measured by trained personnel using a mercury sphygmomanometer, according to a standardized protocol. We observed an increased risk of hypertension (OR [odds ratio] = 1.10, 95% confidence intervals [CI]: 1.01–1.18) in participants with exposure to household pesticides. Moreover, a significant interaction between smoking status and pesticide exposure on hypertension was observed (P = 0.022). Stratified analysis showed that household pesticide exposure was associated with a 29% higher risk of hypertension (OR = 1.29, 95% CI: 1.08–1.53) in smokers. However, for non-smokers, this association was not significant. Similar trends were found for systolic and diastolic blood pressures. In addition, we investigated the associations between pesticide metabolites in urine/serum and hypertension and found that several metabolites of dioxins, furans, and coplanar polychlorinated biphenyls were significantly associated with a higher risk of hypertension. This study suggests that household pesticide exposure is associated with an elevated risk of hypertension. We also report that smoking may accentuate the effect of pesticide exposure on hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haiyan Chen
- Guangzhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaohua Liang
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics Department, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.,Key Laboratory of Pediatrics in Chongqing, Chongqing, China.,China International Science and Technology Cooperation Center of Child Development and Critical Disorders, Chongqing, China
| | - Li Chen
- Department of Medicine, Georgia Prevention Institute, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, United States
| | - Lei Zuo
- Department of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Kuncai Chen
- Guangzhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yuehong Wei
- Guangzhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shouyi Chen
- Guangzhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Guangzhou, China
| | - Guang Hao
- Department of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
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Spadarella E, Leso V, Fontana L, Giordano A, Iavicoli I. Occupational Risk Factors and Hypertensive Disorders in Pregnancy: A Systematic Review. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph18168277. [PMID: 34444025 PMCID: PMC8392340 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18168277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2021] [Revised: 07/29/2021] [Accepted: 07/31/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Hypertensive disorders in pregnancy (HDP), including gestational hypertension (GH) and preeclampsia (PE), characterize a major cause of maternal and prenatal morbidity and mortality. In this systematic review, we tested the hypothesis that occupational factors would impact the risk for HDP in pregnant workers. MEDLINE, Scopus, and Web of Knowledge databases were searched for studies published between database inception and 1 April 2021. All observational studies enrolling > 10 pregnant workers and published in English were included. Un-experimental, non-occupational human studies were excluded. Evidence was synthesized according to the risk for HDP development in employed women, eventually exposed to chemical, physical, biological and organizational risk factors. The evidence quality was assessed through the Newcastle–Ottawa scale. Out of 745 records identified, 27 were eligible. No definite conclusions could be extrapolated for the majority of the examined risk factors, while more homogenous data supported positive associations between job-strain and HDP risk. Limitations due to the lack of suitable characterizations of workplace exposure (i.e., doses, length, co-exposures) and possible interplay with personal issues should be deeply addressed. This may be helpful to better assess occupational risks for pregnant women and plan adequate measures of control to protect their health and that of their children.
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Yang C, Lim W, Song G. Mechanisms of deleterious effects of some pesticide exposure on pigs. PESTICIDE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY 2021; 175:104850. [PMID: 33993968 DOI: 10.1016/j.pestbp.2021.104850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2021] [Revised: 03/29/2021] [Accepted: 04/04/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The increase in the size of the global population increases the food and energy demand, making the use of pesticides in agricultural and livestock industries unavoidable. Exposure to pesticides can be toxic to the non-target species, such as humans, wildlife, and livestock, in addition to the target organisms. Various chemicals are used in the livestock industry to control harmful organisms, such as insects, weeds, and parasites. Pigs are one of the most important food sources for humans. In addition, pigs can be used as promising models for assessing the risk of absorption of environmental pollutants through the skin and oral exposure since they are physiologically similar to humans. Exposure to numerous environmental pollutants, such as mycotoxins, persistent organic pollutants, and heavy metals, has been reported to adversely affect growth, fertility, and endocrine homeostasis in pigs. Various pesticides have been observed in porcine tissues, blood, urine, and processed foods; however, there is a lack of comprehensive understanding of their effects on porcine health. This review provides a comprehensive description of the characteristics of pesticides that pigs can be exposed to and how their exposure affects porcine reproductive function, intestinal health, and endocrine homeostasis in vivo and in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changwon Yang
- Institute of Animal Molecular Biotechnology and Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Whasun Lim
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Kookmin University, Seoul 02707, Republic of Korea.
| | - Gwonhwa Song
- Institute of Animal Molecular Biotechnology and Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea.
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Enderle I, Costet N, Cognez N, Zaros C, Caudeville J, Garlantezec R, Chevrier C, Nougadere A, De Lauzon-Guillain B, Le Lous M, Beranger R. Prenatal exposure to pesticides and risk of preeclampsia among pregnant women: Results from the ELFE cohort. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2021; 197:111048. [PMID: 33766571 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2021.111048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2020] [Revised: 03/15/2021] [Accepted: 03/16/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Preeclampsia is a pregnancy-specific syndrome caused by abnormal placentation. Although environmental chemicals, including some pesticides, are suspected of impairing placentation and promoting preeclampsia, its relationship with preeclampsia has been insufficiently explored. OBJECTIVES We aimed to investigate the relation between non-occupational exposure to pesticides during pregnancy and the risk of preeclampsia. METHODS The study cohort comprised 195 women with and 17,181 without preeclampsia from the ELFE birth cohort. We used toxicogenomic approaches to select 41 pesticides of interest for their possible influence on preeclampsia. We assessed household pesticide use (self-reported data), environmental exposure to agricultural pesticides (geographic information systems), and dietary exposure (food-frequency questionnaire with data from monitoring pesticide residues in food and water). Dietary exposures to pesticides were grouped into clusters of similar exposures to resolve collinearity issues. For each exposure source, pesticides were mutually adjusted, and odds ratios estimated with logistic regression models. RESULTS The quantity of prochloraz applied within a kilometer of the women's homes was higher in women with than without preeclampsia (fourth quartile vs. others; adjusted odds ratio [aOR] = 1.54; 95%CI: 1.02, 2.35), especially when preeclampsia was diagnosed before 34 weeks of gestation (aOR = 2.25; 95%CI: 1.01, 5.06). The reverse was observed with nearby cypermethrin application (aOR = 0.59, 95%CI: 0.36, 0.96). In sensitivity analyses, women with preeclampsia receiving antihypertensive treatment had a significantly higher probability of using herbicides at home during pregnancy than women without preeclampsia (aOR = 2.20; 95%CI: 1.23, 3.93). No statistically significant association was found between dietary exposure to pesticide residues and preeclampsia. DISCUSSION While the most of the associations examined remained statistically non-significant, our results suggest the possible influence on preeclampsia of residential exposures to prochloraz and some herbicides. These estimations are supported by toxicological and mechanistic data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabelle Enderle
- CHU Rennes, Univ Rennes, Inserm, EHESP, Irset (Institut de Recherche en Santé, Environnement et Travail) - UMR_S 1085, F-35000, Rennes, France; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology and Reproductive Medicine, Anne de Bretagne University Hospital, Rennes, France.
| | - Nathalie Costet
- Univ Rennes, Inserm, EHESP, Irset - UMR_S 1085, F-35000, Rennes, France
| | - Noriane Cognez
- Univ Rennes, Inserm, EHESP, Irset - UMR_S 1085, F-35000, Rennes, France
| | - Cécile Zaros
- French Institute for Demographic Studies (Ined), French Institute for Medical Research and Health (Inserm), French Blood Agency, ELFE Joint Unit, F-75020, Paris, France
| | - Julien Caudeville
- INERIS (French National Institute for Industrial Environment and Risks), 60550, Verneuil-en-Halatte, France
| | - Ronan Garlantezec
- CHU Rennes, Univ Rennes, Inserm, EHESP, Irset (Institut de Recherche en Santé, Environnement et Travail) - UMR_S 1085, F-35000, Rennes, France
| | - Cécile Chevrier
- Univ Rennes, Inserm, EHESP, Irset - UMR_S 1085, F-35000, Rennes, France
| | - Alexandre Nougadere
- ANSES, Risk Assessment Department, 14 Rue Pierre et Marie Curie, F-94701, Maisons-Alfort, France
| | | | - Maela Le Lous
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology and Reproductive Medicine, Anne de Bretagne University Hospital, Rennes, France
| | - Rémi Beranger
- CHU Rennes, Univ Rennes, Inserm, EHESP, Irset (Institut de Recherche en Santé, Environnement et Travail) - UMR_S 1085, F-35000, Rennes, France; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology and Reproductive Medicine, Anne de Bretagne University Hospital, Rennes, France
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Padula AM, Ma C, Huang H, Morello-Frosch R, Woodruff TJ, Carmichael SL. Drinking water contaminants in California and hypertensive disorders in pregnancy. Environ Epidemiol 2021; 5:e149. [PMID: 33870020 PMCID: PMC8043732 DOI: 10.1097/ee9.0000000000000149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2020] [Accepted: 03/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/07/2022] Open
Abstract
Environmental pollutants have been associated with hypertensive disorders in pregnancy including gestational hypertension, preeclampsia, and eclampsia, though few have focused on drinking water contamination. Water pollution can be an important source of exposures that may contribute to adverse pregnancy outcomes. METHODS We linked water quality data on 13 contaminants and two violations from the California Communities Environmental Health Screening Tool to birth records from vital statistics and hospital discharge records (2007-2012) to examine the relationship between drinking water contamination and hypertensive disorders in pregnancy. We examined contaminants in single- and multipollutant models. Additionally, we examined if the relationship between water contamination and hypertensive disorders in pregnancy differed by neighborhood poverty, individual socioeconomic status, and race/ethnicity. RESULTS Arsenic, nitrate, trihalomethane, hexavalent chromium, and uranium were detected in a majority of water systems. Increased risk of hypertensive disorders in pregnancy was modestly associated with exposure to cadmium, lead, trihalomethane, and hexavalent chromium in drinking water after adjusting for covariates in single pollutant models with odds ratios ranging from 1.01 to 1.08. In multipollutant models, cadmium was consistent, lead and trihalomethane were stronger, and additional contaminants were associated with hypertensive disorders in pregnancy including trichloroethylene, 1,2-Dibromo-3-chloropropane, nitrate, and tetrachloroethylene. Other contaminants either showed null results or modest inverse associations. The relationship between water contaminants and hypertensive disorders in pregnancy did not differ by neighborhood poverty. CONCLUSIONS We found increased risk of hypertensive disorders in pregnancy associated with exposure to several contaminants in drinking water in California. Results for cadmium, lead, trihalomethane, and hexavalent chromium were robust in multipollutant models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amy M. Padula
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | - Chen Ma
- Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California
| | - Hongtai Huang
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | - Rachel Morello-Frosch
- Department of Environmental Science, Policy and Management & School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California
| | - Tracey J. Woodruff
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | - Suzan L. Carmichael
- Department of Environmental Science, Policy and Management & School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California
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Ledda C, Cannizzaro E, Cinà D, Filetti V, Vitale E, Paravizzini G, Di Naso C, Iavicoli I, Rapisarda V. Oxidative stress and DNA damage in agricultural workers after exposure to pesticides. J Occup Med Toxicol 2021; 16:1. [PMID: 33413467 PMCID: PMC7791774 DOI: 10.1186/s12995-020-00290-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2020] [Accepted: 12/08/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Recent epidemiological studies on workers describe that exposure to pesticides can induce oxidative stress by increased production of free radicals that can accumulate in the cell and damage biological macromolecules, for example, RNA, DNA, DNA repair proteins and other proteins and/or modify antioxidant defense mechanisms, as well as detoxification and scavenger enzymes. This study aimed to assess oxidative stress and DNA damage among workers exposed to pesticides. METHODS For this purpose, 52 pesticide exposed workers and 52 organic farmers were enrolled. They were assessed: the pesticide exposure, thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS), total glutathione (TG), oxidized glutathione levels (GSSG), and 8-oxo-7,8-dihydro-2'-deoxyguanosine (8-oxodG), levels. RESULTS Correlation between pesticide exposure was positively associated with high TBARS and 8-oxodG levels (p < 0.001). A negative association was founded with TG and GSSG and pesticide exposure. CONCLUSIONS The present investigation results seem to indicate a mild augment in oxidative stress associated with pesticide exposure, followed by an adaptive response to increase the antioxidant defenses to prevent sustained oxidative adverse effects stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caterina Ledda
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Occupational Medicine, University of Catania, Via Santa Sofia, 89 - 95123, Catania, Italy.
| | - Emanuele Cannizzaro
- Department of Sciences for Health Promotion and Mother and Child Care, Occupational Medicine, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Diana Cinà
- Clinical Pathology and Clinical Molecular Biology Unit, "Garibaldi Centro" Hospital, ARNAS Garibaldi, Catania, Italy
| | - Vera Filetti
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Occupational Medicine, University of Catania, Via Santa Sofia, 89 - 95123, Catania, Italy
| | - Ermanno Vitale
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Occupational Medicine, University of Catania, Via Santa Sofia, 89 - 95123, Catania, Italy
| | | | - Concettina Di Naso
- Clinical Pathology and Clinical Molecular Biology Unit, "Garibaldi Centro" Hospital, ARNAS Garibaldi, Catania, Italy
| | - Ivo Iavicoli
- Department of Public Health, Occupational Medicine, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Venerando Rapisarda
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Occupational Medicine, University of Catania, Via Santa Sofia, 89 - 95123, Catania, Italy
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12
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Ledda C, Cannizzaro E, Cinà D, Filetti V, Vitale E, Paravizzini G, Di Naso C, Iavicoli I, Rapisarda V. Oxidative stress and DNA damage in agricultural workers after exposure to pesticides. J Occup Med Toxicol 2021; 16:1. [PMID: 33413467 DOI: 10.1186/s12995-020-00290-z/figures/1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2020] [Accepted: 12/08/2020] [Indexed: 05/25/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Recent epidemiological studies on workers describe that exposure to pesticides can induce oxidative stress by increased production of free radicals that can accumulate in the cell and damage biological macromolecules, for example, RNA, DNA, DNA repair proteins and other proteins and/or modify antioxidant defense mechanisms, as well as detoxification and scavenger enzymes. This study aimed to assess oxidative stress and DNA damage among workers exposed to pesticides. METHODS For this purpose, 52 pesticide exposed workers and 52 organic farmers were enrolled. They were assessed: the pesticide exposure, thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS), total glutathione (TG), oxidized glutathione levels (GSSG), and 8-oxo-7,8-dihydro-2'-deoxyguanosine (8-oxodG), levels. RESULTS Correlation between pesticide exposure was positively associated with high TBARS and 8-oxodG levels (p < 0.001). A negative association was founded with TG and GSSG and pesticide exposure. CONCLUSIONS The present investigation results seem to indicate a mild augment in oxidative stress associated with pesticide exposure, followed by an adaptive response to increase the antioxidant defenses to prevent sustained oxidative adverse effects stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caterina Ledda
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Occupational Medicine, University of Catania, Via Santa Sofia, 89 - 95123, Catania, Italy.
| | - Emanuele Cannizzaro
- Department of Sciences for Health Promotion and Mother and Child Care, Occupational Medicine, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Diana Cinà
- Clinical Pathology and Clinical Molecular Biology Unit, "Garibaldi Centro" Hospital, ARNAS Garibaldi, Catania, Italy
| | - Vera Filetti
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Occupational Medicine, University of Catania, Via Santa Sofia, 89 - 95123, Catania, Italy
| | - Ermanno Vitale
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Occupational Medicine, University of Catania, Via Santa Sofia, 89 - 95123, Catania, Italy
| | | | - Concettina Di Naso
- Clinical Pathology and Clinical Molecular Biology Unit, "Garibaldi Centro" Hospital, ARNAS Garibaldi, Catania, Italy
| | - Ivo Iavicoli
- Department of Public Health, Occupational Medicine, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Venerando Rapisarda
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Occupational Medicine, University of Catania, Via Santa Sofia, 89 - 95123, Catania, Italy
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13
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Liu L, Yang M, He M, Liu T, Chen F, Li Y, Feng X, Zhang Y, Zhang F. Magnetic solid phase extraction sorbents using methyl-parathion and quinalphos dual-template imprinted polymers coupled with GC-MS for class-selective extraction of twelve organophosphorus pesticides. Mikrochim Acta 2020; 187:503. [PMID: 32812169 DOI: 10.1007/s00604-020-04465-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2020] [Accepted: 07/25/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
A novel magnetic dual-template molecularly imprinted polymer (DMIP) was prepared with methyl-parathion and quinalphos as templates. For comparison, a series of single-template polymers with only methyl-parathion (MPMIP) or quinalphos (QPMIP) as template as well as a non-imprinted polymer (NIP) in the absence of the template, were synthesized using the same procedure of DMIP. The obtained MIPs were characterized by scanning electron microscopy(SEM), Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy, vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM), and X-ray diffraction (XRD). The properties including kinetic effect, thermodynamic effect, selectivity, and reusability of MIPs were investigated . Only DMIP possessed high affinity and good recognition for all twelve OPPs including quinalphos, isazophos, chlorpyrifos-methyl, chlorpyrifos, methidathion, triazophos, profenofos, fenthion, fenitrothion, methyl-parathion, parathion, and paraoxon in comparison to MPMIP, QPMIP, or NIP. Moreover, DMIP was used as magnetic solid phase extraction (MSPE) sorbent for the pre-concentration of twelve OPPs in cabbage samples. The developed DMIP-MSPE-GC-MS method showed high sensitivity, low LODs (1.62-13.9 ng/g), fast adsorption equilibrium (10 min), and acceptable spiked recoveries (81.5-113.4%) with relative standard deviations (RSD) in the range 0.05-7.0% (n = 3). The calibration plots were linear in the range 10-800 ng/mL with coefficients of determination (R2) better 0.99 for all twelve compounds. These results suggest that the DMIP is applicable for rapid determination and high throughput analysis of multi-pesticide residues. Graphical abstract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lixia Liu
- Institute of Food Safety, Chinese Academy of Inspection & Quarantine, Beijing, China
- School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Minli Yang
- Institute of Food Safety, Chinese Academy of Inspection & Quarantine, Beijing, China
| | - Muyi He
- Institute of Food Safety, Chinese Academy of Inspection & Quarantine, Beijing, China
| | - Tong Liu
- Institute of Food Safety, Chinese Academy of Inspection & Quarantine, Beijing, China
| | - Fengming Chen
- Institute of Food Safety, Chinese Academy of Inspection & Quarantine, Beijing, China
| | - Yinlong Li
- Institute of Food Safety, Chinese Academy of Inspection & Quarantine, Beijing, China
| | - Xuesong Feng
- School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Yuan Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Feng Zhang
- Institute of Food Safety, Chinese Academy of Inspection & Quarantine, Beijing, China.
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14
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Endocrine Disruptors in Water and Their Effects on the Reproductive System. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21061929. [PMID: 32178293 PMCID: PMC7139484 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21061929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 111] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2020] [Revised: 03/04/2020] [Accepted: 03/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Anthropogenic contaminants in water can impose risks to reproductive health. Most of these compounds are known to be endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs). EDCs can impact the endocrine system and subsequently impair the development and fertility of non-human animals and humans. The source of chemical contamination in water is diverse, originating from byproducts formed during water disinfection processes, release from industry and livestock activity, or therapeutic drugs released into sewage. This review discusses the occurrence of EDCs in water such as disinfection byproducts, fluorinated compounds, bisphenol A, phthalates, pesticides, and estrogens, and it outlines their adverse reproductive effects in non-human animals and humans.
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15
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Varshavsky J, Smith A, Wang A, Hom E, Izano M, Huang H, Padula A, Woodruff TJ. Heightened susceptibility: A review of how pregnancy and chemical exposures influence maternal health. Reprod Toxicol 2020; 92:14-56. [PMID: 31055053 PMCID: PMC6824944 DOI: 10.1016/j.reprotox.2019.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2018] [Revised: 03/12/2019] [Accepted: 04/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Pregnancy is a unique period when biological changes can increase sensitivity to chemical exposures. Pregnant women are exposed to multiple environmental chemicals via air, food, water, and consumer products, including flame retardants, plasticizers, and pesticides. Lead exposure increases risk of pregnancy-induced hypertensive disorders, although women's health risks are poorly characterized for most chemicals. Research on prenatal exposures has focused on fetal outcomes and less on maternal outcomes. We reviewed epidemiologic literature on chemical exposures during pregnancy and three maternal outcomes: preeclampsia, gestational diabetes, and breast cancer. We found that pregnancy can heighten susceptibility to environmental chemicals and women's health risks, although variations in study design and exposure assessment limited study comparability. Future research should include pregnancy as a critical period for women's health. Incorporating biomarkers of exposure and effect, deliberate timing and method of measurement, and consistent adjustment of potential confounders would strengthen research on the exposome and women's health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Varshavsky
- University of California, San Francisco, Program on Reproductive Health and the Environment, San Francisco, CA, USA.
| | - Anna Smith
- University of California, Berkeley, School of Public Health, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Aolin Wang
- University of California, San Francisco, Program on Reproductive Health and the Environment, San Francisco, CA, USA; University of California, San Francisco, Bakar Computational Health Sciences Institute, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Elizabeth Hom
- University of California, San Francisco, Program on Reproductive Health and the Environment, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Monika Izano
- University of California, San Francisco, Program on Reproductive Health and the Environment, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Hongtai Huang
- University of California, San Francisco, Program on Reproductive Health and the Environment, San Francisco, CA, USA; University of California, San Francisco, Bakar Computational Health Sciences Institute, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Amy Padula
- University of California, San Francisco, Program on Reproductive Health and the Environment, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Tracey J Woodruff
- University of California, San Francisco, Program on Reproductive Health and the Environment, San Francisco, CA, USA
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16
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Suarez-Lopez JR, Amchich F, Murillo J, Denenberg J. Blood pressure after a heightened pesticide spray period among children living in agricultural communities in Ecuador. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2019; 175:335-342. [PMID: 31150932 PMCID: PMC6571166 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2019.05.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2019] [Revised: 05/16/2019] [Accepted: 05/17/2019] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Agricultural pesticide spray periods increase the pesticide exposure potential of children living nearby and growing evidence indicates that they may affect children's health. We examined the association of time following a heightened agricultural production period, the Mother's Day flower harvest (May), with children's blood pressure (BP). METHODS We included cross-sectional information of 313 children ages 4-9 years in Ecuadorian agricultural communities (the ESPINA study). Examinations occurred during a period of low flower production, but within 63-100 days (mean = 81.5, SD = 10.9) following the Mother's Day harvest. BP was measured twice using a pediatric sphygmomanometer and BP percentiles appropriate for age, gender and height were calculated. RESULTS Participants were 51% male, 1.6% hypertensive and 7.7% had elevated BP. The mean (SD) BP percentiles were: systolic: 51.7 (23.9); diastolic: 33.3 (20.3). There was an inverse relationship between of time after the spray season with percentiles of systolic (difference [β] per 10.9 days after the harvest: -4.3 [95%CI: -6.9, -1.7]) and diastolic BP (β: -7.5 [-9.6, -5.4]) after adjusting for race, heart rate and BMI-for-age z-score. A curvilinear association with diastolic BP was observed. For every 10.9 days that a child was examined sooner after the harvest, the OR of elevated BP/hypertension doubled (OR: 2.0, 95% CI: 1.3, 3.1). Time after the harvest was positively associated with acetylcholinesterase. CONCLUSIONS Children examined sooner after a heightened pesticide spray period had higher blood pressure and pesticide exposure markers than children examined later. Further studies with multiple exposure-outcome measures across pesticide spray periods are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jose R Suarez-Lopez
- Division of Global Health, Department of Family Medicine and Public Health, University of California, San Diego. 9500 Gilman Drive #0725, La Jolla, CA, 92024-0725, USA.
| | | | - Jonathan Murillo
- Division of Global Health, Department of Family Medicine and Public Health, University of California, San Diego. 9500 Gilman Drive #0725, La Jolla, CA, 92024-0725, USA.
| | - Julie Denenberg
- Division of Global Health, Department of Family Medicine and Public Health, University of California, San Diego. 9500 Gilman Drive #0725, La Jolla, CA, 92024-0725, USA.
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17
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Suarez-Lopez JR, Hong V, McDonald KN, Suarez-Torres J, López D, De La Cruz F. Home proximity to flower plantations and higher systolic blood pressure among children. Int J Hyg Environ Health 2018; 221:1077-1084. [PMID: 30131222 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijheh.2018.08.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2018] [Revised: 07/27/2018] [Accepted: 08/13/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pesticide drift from agricultural plantations increases the chemical exposure potential of people living nearby. Some studies have described positive associations between pesticide exposures and blood pressure (BP) in adults, whereas limited evidence in children suggests negative associations. This study characterized the association between home proximity to plantations and BP among children living in a flower-growing county in Ecuador. METHODS We included 310 4-9-year-old children living in Pedro Moncayo County, Ecuador as part of The ESPINA study. We calculated age, gender and height-specific BP z-scores. Geographic coordinates of homes and flower plantations were collected using GPS receivers and satellite imagery. Exposure-outcome associations were analyzed using linear regression. RESULTS The mean home distance to the nearest flower plantation was 449 m (SD: 347) and the median plantation area within 150 m of participants' homes was 989 m2 (25th-75Th percentile: 492-3164) among those with non-zero values. Children living closer to plantations had lower AChE activity. Systolic BP z-score increased with greater residential proximity to plantations (0.24 SD per 1000 m [95% CI: 0.01, 0.47]) and with greater areas of flower plantations within 150 m of homes (0.03 SD per 1000 m2 [0.00, 0.06]), after adjusting for socio-economic, anthropometric and other factors. Further adjustment for acetylcholinesterase and hemoglobin strengthened these associations. CONCLUSIONS Proximity of homes to flower plantations and greater plantation areas within 150 m from homes were associated with higher systolic BP, independent of cholinesterase activity. This suggests that non-cholinesterase inhibitor pesticide drift from agricultural plantations may be sufficient to induce physiologic changes on children living nearby.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Vennis Hong
- University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA.
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18
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Ledda C, Loreto C, Bracci M, Lombardo C, Romano G, Cinà D, Mucci N, Castorina S, Rapisarda V. Mutagenic and DNA repair activity in traffic policemen: a case-crossover study. J Occup Med Toxicol 2018; 13:24. [PMID: 30116289 PMCID: PMC6083631 DOI: 10.1186/s12995-018-0206-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2018] [Accepted: 07/24/2018] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Emissions from vehicles are composed of heterogeneous mixtures of hazardous substances; several pollutants such as Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs) are amongst the most dangerous substances detected in urban monitoring. A cohort of traffic policemen usually occupationally exposed to PAHs present in the urban environment were examined in order to assess the mutagenicity and DNA capacity repair. Methods Seventy-two urban traffic policemen working in Catania's metropolitan area were enrolled in the study. Two spot urine samples were collected from each subject during the whole working cycle as follows: sample 1 (S1), pre-shift on day 1; sample 2 (S2) post-shift on day 6. 1-hydroxypyrene (1-OHP) was measured to serve as an indirect exposure indicator. Urinary mutagenic activity was assessed through the plate incorporation pre-incubation technique with S9, using YG1024 Salmonella typhimurium strain over-sensitive to PAH metabolite. Concentrations of urinary 8-oxodG were measured using liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry. Results As regards the exposure to PAHs, results highlighted a statistically significant difference (p < 0.001) between pre-shift on day 1 and post-shift on day 6 levels. Mutagenic activity was detected in 38 (66%) workers on S1 and in 47 (81%) on S2. Also 8-oxodG analysis showed a statistically significant difference between S1 and S2 sampling. Conclusions This study demonstrated that occupational exposure to pollutants from traffic emission, assessed via 1-OHP measurements in urine, may lead to DNA repair and mutagenic activity, in line with other studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caterina Ledda
- 1Occupational Medicine, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Catania, 95100 Catania, Italy
| | - Carla Loreto
- 2Human Anatomy and Histology, Department of Biomedical and Biotechnology Sciences, University of Catania, 95100 Catania, Italy
| | - Massimo Bracci
- 3Occupational Medicine, Department of Clinical and Molecular Sciences, Polytechnic University of Marche, 60100 Ancona, Italy
| | - Claudia Lombardo
- 2Human Anatomy and Histology, Department of Biomedical and Biotechnology Sciences, University of Catania, 95100 Catania, Italy
| | - Gaetano Romano
- 1Occupational Medicine, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Catania, 95100 Catania, Italy
| | - Diana Cinà
- Clinical Pathology Unit, "Garibaldi Centro" Hospital of Catania, 95100 Catania, Italy
| | - Nicola Mucci
- 5Occupational Medicine, Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, 50100 Florence, Italy
| | - Sergio Castorina
- 2Human Anatomy and Histology, Department of Biomedical and Biotechnology Sciences, University of Catania, 95100 Catania, Italy
| | - Venerando Rapisarda
- 1Occupational Medicine, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Catania, 95100 Catania, Italy
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Shaw GM, Yang W, Roberts EM, Aghaeepour N, Mayo JA, Weber KA, Maric I, Carmichael SL, Winn VD, Stevenson DK, English PB. Residential agricultural pesticide exposures and risks of preeclampsia. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2018; 164:546-555. [PMID: 29614386 PMCID: PMC5911197 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2018.03.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2017] [Revised: 03/02/2018] [Accepted: 03/12/2018] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
We investigated risks of preeclampsia phenotypes from potential residential pesticide exposures, including 543 individual chemicals and 69 physicochemical groupings that were applied in the San Joaquin Valley of California during the study period, 1998-2011. The study population was derived from birth certificate data linked with Office of Statewide Health Planning and Development maternal and infant hospital discharge data. The following numbers of women with preeclampsia phenotypes were identified: 1045 with superimposed (pre-existing hypertension with preeclampsia) preeclampsia (265 with gestational weeks 20-31 and 780 with gestational weeks 32-36); 3471 with severe preeclampsia (824 with gestational weeks 20-31 and 2647 with gestational weeks 32-36); and 2780 with mild preeclampsia (207 with gestational weeks 20-31 and 2573 with gestational weeks 32-36). The reference population for these groups was 197,461 women who did not have diabetes (gestational or pre-existing), did not have any hypertensive disorder, and who delivered at 37 weeks or later. The frequency of any exposure was lower or about the same in each preeclampsia case group (further delineated by gestational age), and month time period, relative to the frequency in reference population controls. Nearly all odds ratios were below 1.0 for these any vs no exposure comparisons. This study showed a general lack of increased risks between a range of agriculture pesticide exposures near women's residences and various preeclampsia phenotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gary M Shaw
- March of Dimes Prematurity Research Center at Stanford University, Department of Pediatrics, Division of Neonatal and Developmental Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.
| | - Wei Yang
- March of Dimes Prematurity Research Center at Stanford University, Department of Pediatrics, Division of Neonatal and Developmental Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | | | - Nima Aghaeepour
- Stanford University, Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Jonathan A Mayo
- March of Dimes Prematurity Research Center at Stanford University, Department of Pediatrics, Division of Neonatal and Developmental Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Kari A Weber
- March of Dimes Prematurity Research Center at Stanford University, Department of Pediatrics, Division of Neonatal and Developmental Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Ivana Maric
- March of Dimes Prematurity Research Center at Stanford University, Department of Pediatrics, Division of Neonatal and Developmental Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Suzan L Carmichael
- March of Dimes Prematurity Research Center at Stanford University, Department of Pediatrics, Division of Neonatal and Developmental Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Virginia D Winn
- Stanford University, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - David K Stevenson
- March of Dimes Prematurity Research Center at Stanford University, Department of Pediatrics, Division of Neonatal and Developmental Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Paul B English
- California Department of Public Health, Richmond, CA 94804, USA
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Electrochemical enzymatic fenitrothion sensor based on a tyrosinase/poly(2-hydroxybenzamide)-modified graphite electrode. Anal Biochem 2018; 553:15-23. [PMID: 29777681 DOI: 10.1016/j.ab.2018.05.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2017] [Revised: 01/30/2018] [Accepted: 05/15/2018] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
This paper reports the electrosynthesis and characterisation of a polymeric film derived from 2-hydroxybenzamide over a graphite electrode and its application as an enzymatic biosensor for the determination and quantification of the pesticide fenitrothion. The material was analysed by scanning electron microscopy and its electrochemical properties characterised by cyclic voltammetry and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. The enzyme tyrosinase was immobilised over the modified electrode by the drop and dry technique. Catechol was determined by direct reduction of biocatalytically formed o-quinone by employing the flow injection analysis technique. The analytical characteristics of the proposed sensor were optimised as follows: phosphate buffer 0.050 M at pH 6.5, flow rate 5.0 mL min-1, sample injection volume 150 μL, catechol concentration 1.0 mM and maximum inhibition time by fenitrothion of 6 min. The biosensors showed a linear response to pesticide concentration from 0.018 to 3.60 μM. The limit of detection and limit of quantification were calculated as 4.70 nM and 15.9 nM (RSD < 2.7%), respectively. The intra- and inter-electrode RSDs were 3.35% (n = 15) and 8.70% (n = 7), respectively. In addition, water samples spiked with the pesticide showed an average recovery of 97.6% (±1.53).
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21
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Ferrante M, Ledda C, Oliveri Conti G, Fiore M, Rapisarda V, Copat C, Sole G, Terzo N, Travali S. Lead exposure and plasma mRNA expression in ERBB2 gene. Mol Med Rep 2017; 15:3361-3365. [PMID: 28339023 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2017.6382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2016] [Accepted: 02/22/2017] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Epidemiologic data for carcinogenicity in those exposed to lead (Pb) suggests relations with cancers although the totality of the evidence is inconsistent. Alterations in the expression of ERBB receptors have been studied during the development and malignant transformation of different kinds of human tumors where they induce proliferation, angiogenesis and metastasis generation. Relevant clinical data demonstrate the role of ERBB2 receptors in the development and malignancy of human cancers. Therefore, the objective of the present investigation is to give more information on the link between plasma mRNA expression in ERBB2 gene and lead blood levels in a healthy population. Blood samples, socio‑demographic, exposure and health data were obtained from 48 healthy men. Real‑time polymerase chain reaction assays were performed to detect ERBB2 gene transcripts, ΔΔCt method was used to quantify gene expression. Pb blood level was assayed using high‑resolution sector field inductively coupled mass spectrometry and is expressed in µg/dl. Plasma mRNA expression in ERBB2 gene was 6.44±3.07 ΔΔCt; Pb blood levels was 16.07±6.74 µg/dl. Regression analysis revealed a significant association (r2=0.5345; p<0.0001) between Pb levels and mRNA expression in ERBB2. So far, it has still not been established if the expression of ERBB2 receptors is influenced by Pb exposure. On the base of the above reported data, we believe an in vitro study might be useful, to understand the molecular mechanisms implicated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margherita Ferrante
- Department of Medical Sciences, Surgical and Advanced Technologies 'G.F. Ingrassia', Section of Hygiene and Public Health, University of Catania, I‑95123 Catania, Italy
| | - Caterina Ledda
- Section of Occupational Medicine, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Catania, I‑95123 Catania, Italy
| | - Gea Oliveri Conti
- Department of Medical Sciences, Surgical and Advanced Technologies 'G.F. Ingrassia', Section of Hygiene and Public Health, University of Catania, I‑95123 Catania, Italy
| | - Maria Fiore
- Department of Medical Sciences, Surgical and Advanced Technologies 'G.F. Ingrassia', Section of Hygiene and Public Health, University of Catania, I‑95123 Catania, Italy
| | - Venerando Rapisarda
- Section of Occupational Medicine, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Catania, I‑95123 Catania, Italy
| | - Chiara Copat
- Department of Medical Sciences, Surgical and Advanced Technologies 'G.F. Ingrassia', Section of Hygiene and Public Health, University of Catania, I‑95123 Catania, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Sole
- ISAB S.r.l. ‑ Lukoil, I‑96010 Priolo Gargallo, Italy
| | - Nivea Terzo
- Section of General Pathology, Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, I‑95124 Catania, Italy
| | - Salvatore Travali
- Section of General Pathology, Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, I‑95124 Catania, Italy
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22
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Rapisarda V, Ledda C, Matera S, Fago L, Arrabito G, Falzone L, Marconi A, Libra M, Loreto C. Absence of t(14;18) chromosome translocation in agricultural workers after short-term exposure to pesticides. Mol Med Rep 2017; 15:3379-3382. [PMID: 28339074 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2017.6385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2016] [Accepted: 02/07/2017] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Exposure to pesticides represents a potential health risk for the general population and for agricultural workers in particular. Some researchers observed that occupational exposure to pesticides is associated with risk of non‑Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL). The chromosomal translocation t(14;18)(q32;q21) is one of the most common chromosomal abnormalities in NHL. The aim of this study was to detect the effects of pesticides on t(14;18) chromosome translocation in agricultural workers after short-term exposure. Fifty-two workers occupationally exposed to pesticides (fungicides and insecticides) and 52 non-exposed were recruited. The farm workers were on average exposed to pesticides for ~3.7 h a day for 5 years. The frequency of BCL2-IGH t(14;18) translocation in workers occupationally exposed to pesticides was 10% (5 of 52) vs. 8% (4 of 52) in the control group. Overall, these data suggest that no significant association between occupational exposure to pesticides and an increased frequency of the chromosomal translocation BCL2-IGH t(14;18) in farmers was observed. However, further studies with a higher number of subjects exposed to pesticides are necessary to confirm this observation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Venerando Rapisarda
- Section of Occupational Medicine, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Caterina Ledda
- Section of Occupational Medicine, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Serena Matera
- Section of Occupational Medicine, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Lucrezia Fago
- Section of Occupational Medicine, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Giorgio Arrabito
- Prevention and Safety in the Workplace Service, Provincial Health Agency of Ragusa, Ragusa, Italy
| | - Luca Falzone
- Section of General and Clinical Pathology and Oncology, Department of Biomedical and Biotechnology Sciences, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Andrea Marconi
- Section of Occupational Medicine, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Massimo Libra
- Section of General and Clinical Pathology and Oncology, Department of Biomedical and Biotechnology Sciences, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Carla Loreto
- Section of Human Anatomy and Histology, Department of Biomedical and Biotechnology Sciences, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
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23
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Eslami B, Malekafzali H, Rastkari N, Rashidi BH, Djazayeri A, Naddafi K. Association of serum concentrations of persistent organic pollutants (POPs) and risk of pre-eclampsia: a case-control study. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH SCIENCE & ENGINEERING 2016; 14:17. [PMID: 27904751 PMCID: PMC5121940 DOI: 10.1186/s40201-016-0256-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2016] [Accepted: 10/03/2016] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND There is increasing evidence that persistent organic pollutants (POPs) may contribute to pre-eclampsia. The objective of this study was to evaluate the association between Polychlorinated Biphenyls (PCBs) and Polybrominated Diphenyl Ethers (PBDEs) as POPs with pre-eclampsia. METHODS This case-control study was performed in the three general university hospitals of Tehran University of Medical Sciences. Serum samples were collected from cases (n = 45) who had diagnosed with preeclampsia and from control samples (n = 70) with normal pregnancy and attended the same hospital for a routine prenatal visit at the third trimester of pregnancy. Pollutants levels were analyzed by Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry (GC/MS). RESULTS Mean participant age was 27.3 ± 5.39 with median 27. As the main independent variable, total POPs manifested with adjusted OR equal to 1.54 (95 % CI: 1.26-1.87, p-value <0.0001), which was significantly associated with pre-eclampsia. The adjusted OR proved a statistically significant association between total PCBs 1.77 (95 % CI: 1.34-2.32) and total PBDEs (OR = 2.19; 95 % CI: 1.39-3.45, p-value = 0.001) with pre-eclampsia considering confounding variables (maternal age, pre-pregnancy body mass index (BMI), gestational age, weight gain during pregnancy and total lipids in maternal serum). Finally, pre-pregnancy BMI and weight gain during pregnancy had a positive association with pre-eclampsia and gestational age yielded a negative association with pre-eclampsia in all analysis. CONCLUSION Our data indicate the association between total POPs, total PBDEs, and total PCBs with pre-eclampsia, even after controlling for the effects of a number of potentially confounding factors. Further investigation about route of exposure and the trend of POPs especially in pregnant women is needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bita Eslami
- Vali-e-Asr Reproductive Health Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hossein Malekafzali
- Vali-e-Asr Reproductive Health Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Noushin Rastkari
- Center for Air Pollution Research (CAPR), Institute for Environmental Research (IER), Tehran University of Medical Sciences, 8th Floor, No. 1547, North Kargar Ave., Enghelab Square, Tehran, I.R. Iran
| | - Batool Hossein Rashidi
- Vali-e-Asr Reproductive Health Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Abolghasem Djazayeri
- Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Kazem Naddafi
- Center for Air Pollution Research (CAPR), Institute for Environmental Research (IER), Tehran University of Medical Sciences, 8th Floor, No. 1547, North Kargar Ave., Enghelab Square, Tehran, I.R. Iran
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