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Wilson M, Al-Hamid A, Abbas I, Birkett J, Khan I, Harper M, Al-Jumeily Obe D, Assi S. Identification of diagnostic biomarkers used in the diagnosis of cardiovascular diseases and diabetes mellitus: A systematic review of quantitative studies. Diabetes Obes Metab 2024. [PMID: 38637978 DOI: 10.1111/dom.15593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2024] [Revised: 03/15/2024] [Accepted: 03/25/2024] [Indexed: 04/20/2024]
Abstract
AIMS To perform a systematic review of studies that sought to identify diagnostic biomarkers for the diagnosis of cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) and diabetes mellitus (DM), which could be used in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) where there is a lack of diagnostic equipment, treatments and training. MATERIALS AND METHODS Papers were sourced from six databases: the British Nursing Index, Google Scholar, PubMed, Sage, Science Direct and Scopus. Articles published between January 2002 and January 2023 were systematically reviewed by three reviewers and appropriate search terms and inclusion/exclusion criteria were applied. RESULTS A total of 18 studies were yielded, as well as 234 diagnostic biomarkers (74 for CVD and 160 for DM). Primary biomarkers for the diagnosis of CVDs included growth differentiation factor 15 and neurogenic locus notch homologue protein 1 (Notch1). For the diagnosis of DM, alpha-2-macroglobulin, C-peptides, isoleucine, glucose, tyrosine, linoleic acid and valine were frequently reported across the included studies. Advanced analytical techniques, such as liquid chromatography mass spectrometry, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays and vibrational spectroscopy, were also repeatedly reported in the included studies and were utilized in combination with traditional and alternative matrices such as fingernails, hair and saliva. CONCLUSIONS While advanced analytical techniques are expensive, laboratories in LMICs should carry out a cost-benefit analysis of their use. Alternatively, laboratories may want to explore emerging techniques such as infrared, Fourier transform-infrared and near-infrared spectroscopy, which allow sensitive noninvasive analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Megan Wilson
- Faculty of Science, School of Pharmacy and Biomolecular Sciences, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, UK
| | - Abdullah Al-Hamid
- Pharmacy Practice, College of Clinical Pharmacy, King Faisal University, AlAhsa, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Jason Birkett
- Faculty of Science, School of Pharmacy and Biomolecular Sciences, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, UK
| | - Iftikhar Khan
- Faculty of Science, School of Pharmacy and Biomolecular Sciences, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, UK
| | - Matthew Harper
- Faculty of Engineering and Technology, School of Computer Science and Mathematics, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, UK
| | - Dhiya Al-Jumeily Obe
- Faculty of Engineering and Technology, School of Computer Science and Mathematics, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, UK
| | - Sulaf Assi
- Faculty of Science, School of Pharmacy and Biomolecular Sciences, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, UK
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2
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He X, Barnett LM, Jeon J, Zhang Q, Alqahtani S, Black M, Shannahan J, Wright C. Real-Time Exposure to 3D-Printing Emissions Elicits Metabolic and Pro-Inflammatory Responses in Human Airway Epithelial Cells. TOXICS 2024; 12:67. [PMID: 38251022 PMCID: PMC10818734 DOI: 10.3390/toxics12010067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2023] [Revised: 01/05/2024] [Accepted: 01/09/2024] [Indexed: 01/23/2024]
Abstract
Three-dimensional (3D) printer usage in household and school settings has raised health concerns regarding chemical and particle emission exposures during operation. Although the composition of 3D printer emissions varies depending on printer settings and materials, little is known about the impact that emissions from different filament types may have on respiratory health and underlying cellular mechanisms. In this study, we used an in vitro exposure chamber system to deliver emissions from two popular 3D-printing filament types, acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS) and polylactic acid (PLA), directly to human small airway epithelial cells (SAEC) cultured in an air-liquid interface during 3D printer operation. Using a scanning mobility particle sizer (SMPS) and an optical particle sizer (OPS), we monitored 3D printer particulate matter (PM) emissions in terms of their particle size distribution, concentrations, and calculated deposited doses. Elemental composition of ABS and PLA emissions was assessed using scanning electron microscopy coupled with energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (SEM-EDX). Finally, we compared the effects of emission exposure on cell viability, inflammation, and metabolism in SAEC. Our results reveal that, although ABS filaments emitted a higher total concentration of particles and PLA filaments emitted a higher concentration of smaller particles, SAEC were exposed to similar deposited doses of particles for each filament type. Conversely, ABS and PLA emissions had distinct elemental compositions, which were likely responsible for differential effects on SAEC viability, oxidative stress, release of inflammatory mediators, and changes in cellular metabolism. Specifically, while ABS- and PLA-emitted particles both reduced cellular viability and total glutathione levels in SAEC, ABS emissions had a significantly greater effect on glutathione relative to PLA emissions. Additionally, pro-inflammatory cytokines including IL-1β, MMP-9, and RANTES were significantly increased due to ABS emissions exposure. While IL-6 and IL-8 were stimulated in both exposure scenarios, VEGF was exclusively increased due to PLA emissions exposures. Notably, ABS emissions induced metabolic perturbation on amino acids and energy metabolism, as well as redox-regulated pathways including arginine, methionine, cysteine, and vitamin B3 metabolism, whereas PLA emissions exposures caused fatty acid and carnitine dysregulation. Taken together, these results advance our mechanistic understanding of 3D-printer-emissions-induced respiratory toxicity and highlight the role that filament emission properties may play in mediating different respiratory outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaojia He
- Chemical Insights Research Institute, UL Research Institutes, Marietta, GA 30067, USA; (X.H.); (L.M.B.); (J.J.); (Q.Z.); (M.B.)
| | - Lillie Marie Barnett
- Chemical Insights Research Institute, UL Research Institutes, Marietta, GA 30067, USA; (X.H.); (L.M.B.); (J.J.); (Q.Z.); (M.B.)
| | - Jennifer Jeon
- Chemical Insights Research Institute, UL Research Institutes, Marietta, GA 30067, USA; (X.H.); (L.M.B.); (J.J.); (Q.Z.); (M.B.)
| | - Qian Zhang
- Chemical Insights Research Institute, UL Research Institutes, Marietta, GA 30067, USA; (X.H.); (L.M.B.); (J.J.); (Q.Z.); (M.B.)
| | - Saeed Alqahtani
- School of Health Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA; (S.A.); (J.S.)
- Advanced Diagnostic and Therapeutics Technologies Institute, Health Sector, King Abdulaziz City for Science and Technology (KACST), Riyadh 12354, Saudi Arabia
| | - Marilyn Black
- Chemical Insights Research Institute, UL Research Institutes, Marietta, GA 30067, USA; (X.H.); (L.M.B.); (J.J.); (Q.Z.); (M.B.)
| | - Jonathan Shannahan
- School of Health Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA; (S.A.); (J.S.)
| | - Christa Wright
- Chemical Insights Research Institute, UL Research Institutes, Marietta, GA 30067, USA; (X.H.); (L.M.B.); (J.J.); (Q.Z.); (M.B.)
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3
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Ulloque-Badaracco JR, Hernandez-Bustamante EA, Alarcon-Braga EA, Al-kassab-Córdova A, Cabrera-Guzmán JC, Herrera-Añazco P, Benites-Zapata VA. Vitamin B12, folate, and homocysteine in metabolic syndrome: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2023; 14:1221259. [PMID: 37772082 PMCID: PMC10527372 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1221259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2023] [Accepted: 08/22/2023] [Indexed: 09/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Background & aims Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is associated with life-threatening conditions. Several studies have reported an association of vitamin B12, folic acid, or homocysteine (Hcy) levels with MetS. This systematic review and meta-analysis assessed the association of vitamin B12, folic acid, and Hcy levels with MetS. Methods PubMed, Scopus, Embase, Ovid/Medline, and Web of Science were searched up to February 13, 2023. Cross-sectional, case-control, or cohort studies were included. A random-effects model was performed using the DerSimonian and Laird method to estimate the between-study variance. Effect measures were expressed as odds ratios (OR) with their corresponding 95% confidence intervals (95% CI). Between-study heterogeneity was evaluated using Cochran's Q test and the I2 statistic. Results Sixty-six articles (n = 87,988 patients) were included. Higher vitamin B12 levels were inversely associated with MetS (OR = 0.87; 95% CI: 0.81-0.93; p < 0.01; I2 = 90%). Higher Hcy levels were associated with MetS (OR = 1.19; 95% CI: 1.14-1.24; p < 0.01; I2 = 90%). Folate levels were not associated with MetS (OR = 0.83; 95% CI: 0.66-1.03; p = 0.09; I2 = 90%). Conclusion Higher vitamin B12 levels were inversely associated with MetS, whereas higher Hcy levels were associated with MetS. Studies assessing the pathways underlying this association are required.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Enrique A. Hernandez-Bustamante
- Sociedad Científica De Estudiantes De Medicina De La Universidad Nacional De Trujillo, Trujillo, Peru
- Grupo Peruano De Investigación Epidemiológica, Unidad Para La Generación y Síntesis De Evidencias En Salud, Universidad San Ignacio De Loyola, Lima, Peru
| | | | - Ali Al-kassab-Córdova
- Centro de Excelencia en Investigaciones Económicas y Sociales en Salud, Universidad San Ignacio de Loyola, Lima, Peru
| | | | - Percy Herrera-Añazco
- Universidad Privada Del Norte, Trujillo, Peru
- Red Peruana De Salud Colectiva, Lima, Peru
| | - Vicente A. Benites-Zapata
- Unidad De Investigación Para La Generación y Síntesis De Evidencias En Salud, Vicerrectorado De Investigación, Universidad San Ignacio De Loyola, Lima, Peru
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4
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Šebeková K, Staruchová M, Mišľanová C, Líšková A, Horváthová M, Tulinská J, Lehotská Mikušová M, Szabová M, Gurecká R, Koborová I, Csongová M, Tábi T, Szökö É, Volkovová K. Association of Inflammatory and Oxidative Status Markers with Metabolic Syndrome and Its Components in 40-to-45-Year-Old Females: A Cross-Sectional Study. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:1221. [PMID: 37371951 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12061221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2023] [Revised: 05/19/2023] [Accepted: 06/02/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Oxidative stress and sterile inflammation play roles in the induction and maintenance of metabolic syndrome (MetS). This study cohort included 170 females aged 40 to 45 years who were categorized according to the presentation of MetS components (e.g., central obesity, insulin resistance, atherogenic dyslipidemia, and elevated systolic blood pressure) as controls not presenting a single component (n = 43), those with pre-MetS displaying one to two components (n = 70), and females manifesting MetS, e.g., ≥3 components (n = 53). We analyzed the trends of seventeen oxidative and nine inflammatory status markers across three clinical categories. A multivariate regression of selected oxidative status and inflammatory markers on the components of MetS was performed. Markers of oxidative damage (malondialdehyde and advanced-glycation-end-products-associated fluorescence of plasma) were similar across the groups. Healthy controls displayed lower uricemia and higher bilirubinemia than females with MetS; and lower leukocyte counts, concentrations of C-reactive protein, interleukine-6, and higher levels of carotenoids/lipids and soluble receptors for advanced glycation end-products than those with pre-MetS and MetS. In multivariate regression models, levels of C-reactive protein, uric acid, and interleukine-6 were consistently associated with MetS components, although the impacts of single markers differed. Our data suggest that a proinflammatory imbalance precedes the manifestation of MetS, while an imbalance of oxidative status accompanies overt MetS. Further studies are needed to elucidate whether determining markers beyond traditional ones could help improve the prognosis of subjects at an early stage of MetS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katarína Šebeková
- Institute of Molecular Biomedicine, Medical Faculty, Comenius University in Bratislava, 83303 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Marta Staruchová
- Institute of Biology, Medical Faculty, Slovak Medical University in Bratislava, 83303 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Csilla Mišľanová
- Institute of Nutrition, Faculty of Nursing and Medical Professional Studies, Slovak Medical University in Bratislava, 83303 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Aurélia Líšková
- Department of Immunology and Immunotoxicology, Slovak Medical University in Bratislava, 83303 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Mira Horváthová
- Department of Immunology and Immunotoxicology, Slovak Medical University in Bratislava, 83303 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Jana Tulinská
- Department of Immunology and Immunotoxicology, Slovak Medical University in Bratislava, 83303 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Miroslava Lehotská Mikušová
- Department of Immunology and Immunotoxicology, Slovak Medical University in Bratislava, 83303 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Michaela Szabová
- Department of Immunology and Immunotoxicology, Slovak Medical University in Bratislava, 83303 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Radana Gurecká
- Institute of Molecular Biomedicine, Medical Faculty, Comenius University in Bratislava, 83303 Bratislava, Slovakia
- Institute of Medical Physics, Biophysics, Informatics and Telemedicine, Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University in Bratislava, 83303 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Ivana Koborová
- Institute of Molecular Biomedicine, Medical Faculty, Comenius University in Bratislava, 83303 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Melinda Csongová
- Institute of Molecular Biomedicine, Medical Faculty, Comenius University in Bratislava, 83303 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Tamás Tábi
- Department of Pharmacodynamics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Semmelweis University, 1085 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Éva Szökö
- Department of Pharmacodynamics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Semmelweis University, 1085 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Katarína Volkovová
- Institute of Biology, Medical Faculty, Slovak Medical University in Bratislava, 83303 Bratislava, Slovakia
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Wu ZP, Wei W, Cheng Y, Chen JY, Liu Y, Liu S, Hu MD, Zhao H, Li XF, Chen X. Altered adolescents obesity metabolism is associated with hypertension: a UPLC-MS-based untargeted metabolomics study. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2023; 14:1172290. [PMID: 37229452 PMCID: PMC10203610 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1172290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2023] [Accepted: 04/19/2023] [Indexed: 05/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective This study aimed to explore the relationship between the plasma metabolites of adolescent obesity and hypertension and whether metabolite alterations had a mediating effort between adolescent obesity and hypertension. Methods We applied untargeted ultra-performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS) to detect the plasma metabolomic profiles of 105 adolescents. All participants were selected randomly based on a previous cross-sectional study. An orthogonal partial least squares- discriminant analysis (OPLS-DA), followed by univariate statistics and enrichment analysis, was used to identify differential metabolites. Using logistic regression for variable selection, an obesity-related metabolite score (OMS, OMS=∑k=1nβnmetabolite n) was constructed from the metabolites identified, and hypertension risk was estimated. Results In our study, based on P< 0.05, variable importance in projection (VIP) > 1.0, and impact value > 0.1, we identified a total of 12 differential metabolites. Significantly altered metabolic pathways were the sphingolipid metabolism, purine metabolism, pyrimidine metabolism, phospholipid metabolism, steroid hormone biosynthesis, tryptophan, tyrosine, and phenylalanine biosynthesis. The logistic regression selection resulted in a four-metabolite score (thymidine, sphingomyelin (SM) d40:1, 4-hydroxyestradiol, and L-lysinamide), which was positively associated with hypertension risk (odds ratio: 7.79; 95% confidence interval: 2.13, 28.47; for the quintile 4 compared with quartile 1 of OMS) after multivariable adjustment. Conclusions The OMS constructed from four differential metabolites was used to predict the risk of hypertension in adolescents. These findings could provide sensitive biomarkers for the early recognition of hypertension in adolescents with obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi-Ping Wu
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Wei Wei
- Department of Neurosurgery, Central Hospital of Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, China
| | - Yuan Cheng
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Jing-Yi Chen
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Yang Liu
- Institute of Health Science, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Shan Liu
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Meng-Die Hu
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Heng Zhao
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Xiao-Feng Li
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Xin Chen
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
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6
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Tiefenthaler L, Scheier P, Erdmann E, Aguirre NF, Díaz-Tendero S, Luxford TFM, Kočišek J. Non-ergodic fragmentation upon collision-induced activation of cysteine-water cluster cations. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2023; 25:5361-5371. [PMID: 36647750 PMCID: PMC9930733 DOI: 10.1039/d2cp04172c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Cysteine-water cluster cations Cys(H2O)3,6+ and Cys(H2O)3,6H+ are assembled in He droplets and probed by tandem mass spectrometry with collision-induced activation. Benchmark experimental data for this biologically important system are complemented with theory to elucidate the details of the collision-induced activation process. Experimental energy thresholds for successive release of water are compared to water dissociation energies from DFT calculations showing that clusters do not only fragment exclusively by sequential emission of single water molecules but also by the release of small water clusters. Release of clustered water is observed also in the ADMP (atom centered density matrix propagation) molecular dynamics model of small Cys(H2O)3+ and Cys(H2O)3H+ clusters. For large clusters Cys(H2O)6+ and Cys(H2O)6H+ the less computationally demanding statistical Microcanonical Metropolis Monte-Carlo method (M3C) is used to model the experimental fragmentation patterns. We are able to detail the energy redistribution in clusters upon collision activation. In the present case, about two thirds of the collision energy redistribute via an ergodic process, while the remaining one third is transferred into a non-ergodic channel leading to ejection of a single water molecule from the cluster. In contrast to molecular fragmentation, which can be well described by statistical models, modelling of collision-induced activation of weakly bound clusters requires inclusion of non-ergodic processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lukas Tiefenthaler
- Institute for Ion Physics and Applied Physics, University of Innsbruck, Austria.
| | - Paul Scheier
- Institute for Ion Physics and Applied Physics, University of Innsbruck, Austria.
| | - Ewa Erdmann
- Faculty of Applied Physics and Mathematics, Gdansk University of Technology, Narutowicza 11/12, 80-233 Gdansk, Poland.,Departamento de Química, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28049, Madrid, Spain.
| | | | - Sergio Díaz-Tendero
- Departamento de Química, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28049, Madrid, Spain. .,Condensed Matter Physics Center (IFIMAC), Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain.,Institute for Advanced Research in ChemicalSciences (IAdChem), Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Thomas F. M. Luxford
- J. Heyrovský Institute of Physical Chemistry v.v.i., The Czech Academy of SciencesDolejškova 318223 PragueCzechia
| | - Jaroslav Kočišek
- J. Heyrovský Institute of Physical Chemistry v.v.i., The Czech Academy of Sciences, Dolejškova 3, 18223 Prague, Czechia.
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7
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Tripolt NJ, Hofer SJ, Pferschy PN, Aziz F, Durand S, Aprahamian F, Nirmalathasan N, Waltenstorfer M, Eisenberg T, Obermayer AMA, Riedl R, Kojzar H, Moser O, Sourij C, Bugger H, Oulhaj A, Pieber TR, Zanker M, Kroemer G, Madeo F, Sourij H. Glucose Metabolism and Metabolomic Changes in Response to Prolonged Fasting in Individuals with Obesity, Type 2 Diabetes and Non-Obese People-A Cohort Trial. Nutrients 2023; 15:511. [PMID: 36771218 PMCID: PMC9921960 DOI: 10.3390/nu15030511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2022] [Revised: 01/09/2023] [Accepted: 01/11/2023] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Metabolic regulation of glucose can be altered by fasting periods. We examined glucose metabolism and metabolomics profiles after 12 h and 36 h fasting in non-obese and obese participants and people with type 2 diabetes using oral glucose tolerance (OGTT) and intravenous glucose tolerance testing (IVGTT). Insulin sensitivity was estimated by established indices and mass spectrometric metabolomics was performed on fasting serum samples. Participants had a mean age of 43 ± 16 years (62% women). Fasting levels of glucose, insulin and C-peptide were significantly lower in all cohorts after 36 h compared to 12 h fasting (p < 0.05). In non-obese participants, glucose levels were significantly higher after 36 h compared to 12 h fasting at 120 min of OGTT (109 ± 31 mg/dL vs. 79 ± 18 mg/dL; p = 0.001) but insulin levels were lower after 36 h of fasting at 30 min of OGTT (41.2 ± 34.1 mU/L after 36 h vs. 56.1 ± 29.7 mU/L; p < 0.05). In contrast, no significant differences were observed in obese participants or people with diabetes. Insulin sensitivity improved in all cohorts after 36 h fasting. In line, metabolomics revealed subtle baseline differences and an attenuated metabolic response to fasting in obese participants and people with diabetes. Our data demonstrate an improved insulin sensitivity after 36 h of fasting with higher glucose variations and reduced early insulin response in non-obese people only.
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Affiliation(s)
- Norbert J. Tripolt
- Interdisciplinary Metabolic Medicine Trials Unit, Division of Endocrinology and Diabetology, Medical University of Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Sebastian J. Hofer
- Institute of Molecular Biosciences, NAWI Graz, University of Graz, Humboldtstraße 50, 8010 Graz, Austria
- BioTechMed Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria
- Field of Excellence BioHealth, University of Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria
- Inserm U1138, Equipe Labellisée par la Ligue Contre le Cancer, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Institut Universitaire de France, Sorbonne Université, Université de Paris, 75006 Paris, France
- Metabolomics and Cell Biology Platforms, Institut Gustave Roussy, 94805 Villejuif, France
| | - Peter N. Pferschy
- Interdisciplinary Metabolic Medicine Trials Unit, Division of Endocrinology and Diabetology, Medical University of Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria
- Center for Biomarker Research in Medicine (CBmed), 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Faisal Aziz
- Interdisciplinary Metabolic Medicine Trials Unit, Division of Endocrinology and Diabetology, Medical University of Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Sylvère Durand
- Inserm U1138, Equipe Labellisée par la Ligue Contre le Cancer, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Institut Universitaire de France, Sorbonne Université, Université de Paris, 75006 Paris, France
- Metabolomics and Cell Biology Platforms, Institut Gustave Roussy, 94805 Villejuif, France
| | - Fanny Aprahamian
- Inserm U1138, Equipe Labellisée par la Ligue Contre le Cancer, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Institut Universitaire de France, Sorbonne Université, Université de Paris, 75006 Paris, France
- Metabolomics and Cell Biology Platforms, Institut Gustave Roussy, 94805 Villejuif, France
| | - Nitharsshini Nirmalathasan
- Inserm U1138, Equipe Labellisée par la Ligue Contre le Cancer, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Institut Universitaire de France, Sorbonne Université, Université de Paris, 75006 Paris, France
- Metabolomics and Cell Biology Platforms, Institut Gustave Roussy, 94805 Villejuif, France
| | - Mara Waltenstorfer
- Institute of Molecular Biosciences, NAWI Graz, University of Graz, Humboldtstraße 50, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Tobias Eisenberg
- Institute of Molecular Biosciences, NAWI Graz, University of Graz, Humboldtstraße 50, 8010 Graz, Austria
- BioTechMed Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria
- Field of Excellence BioHealth, University of Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Anna M. A. Obermayer
- Interdisciplinary Metabolic Medicine Trials Unit, Division of Endocrinology and Diabetology, Medical University of Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Regina Riedl
- Institute for Medical Informatics, Statistics and Documentation, Medical University of Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Harald Kojzar
- Interdisciplinary Metabolic Medicine Trials Unit, Division of Endocrinology and Diabetology, Medical University of Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria
- Center for Biomarker Research in Medicine (CBmed), 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Othmar Moser
- Interdisciplinary Metabolic Medicine Trials Unit, Division of Endocrinology and Diabetology, Medical University of Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria
- Department of Sport Science, Division of Exercise Physiology and Metabolism, University of Bayreuth, 95440 Bayreuth, Germany
| | - Caren Sourij
- Division of Cardiology, Medical University of Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Heiko Bugger
- Division of Cardiology, Medical University of Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Abderrahim Oulhaj
- Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Khalifa University Abu Dhabi, Al-Ain P.O. Box 17666, United Arab Emirates
| | - Thomas R. Pieber
- BioTechMed Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria
- Center for Biomarker Research in Medicine (CBmed), 8010 Graz, Austria
- Division of Endocrinology and Diabetology, Medical University of Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Matthias Zanker
- Interdisciplinary Metabolic Medicine Trials Unit, Division of Endocrinology and Diabetology, Medical University of Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Guido Kroemer
- Inserm U1138, Equipe Labellisée par la Ligue Contre le Cancer, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Institut Universitaire de France, Sorbonne Université, Université de Paris, 75006 Paris, France
- Metabolomics and Cell Biology Platforms, Institut Gustave Roussy, 94805 Villejuif, France
- Department of Biology, Institut du Cancer Paris CARPEM, Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou, AP-HP, 75015 Paris, France
| | - Frank Madeo
- Institute of Molecular Biosciences, NAWI Graz, University of Graz, Humboldtstraße 50, 8010 Graz, Austria
- BioTechMed Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria
- Field of Excellence BioHealth, University of Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Harald Sourij
- Interdisciplinary Metabolic Medicine Trials Unit, Division of Endocrinology and Diabetology, Medical University of Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria
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8
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Gries KJ, Hart CR, Kunz HE, Ryan Z, Zhang X, Parvizi M, Liu Y, Dasari S, Lanza I. Acute responsiveness to single leg cycling in adults with obesity. Physiol Rep 2022; 10:e15539. [PMID: 36541258 PMCID: PMC9768637 DOI: 10.14814/phy2.15539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2022] [Revised: 10/11/2022] [Accepted: 11/26/2022] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Obesity is associated with several skeletal muscle impairments which can be improved through an aerobic exercise prescription. The possibility that exercise responsiveness is diminished in people with obesity has been suggested but not well-studied. The purpose of this study was to investigate how obesity influences acute exercise responsiveness in skeletal muscle and circulating amino metabolites. Non-obese (NO; n = 19; 10F/9M; BMI = 25.1 ± 2.8 kg/m2 ) and Obese (O; n = 21; 14F/7M; BMI = 37.3 ± 4.6 kg/m2 ) adults performed 30 min of single-leg cycling at 70% of VO2 peak. 13 C6 -Phenylalanine was administered intravenously for muscle protein synthesis measurements. Serial muscle biopsies (vastus lateralis) were collected before exercise and 3.5- and 6.5-h post-exercise to measure protein synthesis and gene expression. Targeted plasma metabolomics was used to quantitate amino metabolites before and 30 and 90 min after exercise. The exercise-induced fold change in mixed muscle protein synthesis trended (p = 0.058) higher in NO (1.28 ± 0.54-fold) compared to O (0.95 ± 0.42-fold) and was inversely related to BMI (R2 = 0.140, p = 0.027). RNA sequencing revealed 331 and 280 genes that were differentially expressed after exercise in NO and O, respectively. Gene set enrichment analysis showed O had six blunted pathways related to metabolism, cell to cell communication, and protein turnover after exercise. The circulating amine response further highlighted dysregulations related to protein synthesis and metabolism in adults with obesity at the basal state and in response to the exercise bout. Collectively, these data highlight several unique pathways in individuals with obesity that resulted in a modestly blunted exercise response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin J. Gries
- Endocrine Research Unit, Division of EndocrinologyDepartment of Internal Medicine, Mayo ClinicRochesterMinnesotaUSA
- Department of Physical Therapy, School of Health ProfessionsConcordia University of WisconsinMequonWisconsinUSA
| | - Corey R. Hart
- Endocrine Research Unit, Division of EndocrinologyDepartment of Internal Medicine, Mayo ClinicRochesterMinnesotaUSA
- Air Force Research Laboratory, 711th Human Performance Wing, Wright Patterson Air Force BaseDaytonOhioUSA
| | - Hawley E. Kunz
- Endocrine Research Unit, Division of EndocrinologyDepartment of Internal Medicine, Mayo ClinicRochesterMinnesotaUSA
| | - Zachary Ryan
- Endocrine Research Unit, Division of EndocrinologyDepartment of Internal Medicine, Mayo ClinicRochesterMinnesotaUSA
| | - Xiaoyan Zhang
- Endocrine Research Unit, Division of EndocrinologyDepartment of Internal Medicine, Mayo ClinicRochesterMinnesotaUSA
- Department of GeriatricsShanghai Jiaotong University Affiliated Sixth People's HospitalShanghaiChina
| | - Mojtaba Parvizi
- Endocrine Research Unit, Division of EndocrinologyDepartment of Internal Medicine, Mayo ClinicRochesterMinnesotaUSA
| | - Yuanhang Liu
- Department of Biomedical Statistics and Informatics, Mayo ClinicRochesterMinnesotaUSA
| | - Surendra Dasari
- Department of Biomedical Statistics and Informatics, Mayo ClinicRochesterMinnesotaUSA
| | - Ian R. Lanza
- Endocrine Research Unit, Division of EndocrinologyDepartment of Internal Medicine, Mayo ClinicRochesterMinnesotaUSA
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9
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Zheng H, GhavamiNejad A, GhavamiNejad P, Samarikhalaj M, Giacca A, Poudineh M. Hydrogel Microneedle-Assisted Assay Integrating Aptamer Probes and Fluorescence Detection for Reagentless Biomarker Quantification. ACS Sens 2022; 7:2387-2399. [PMID: 35866892 DOI: 10.1021/acssensors.2c01033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Analyzing interstitial fluid (ISF) via microneedle (MN) devices enables patient health monitoring in a minimally invasive manner and in point-of-care settings. However, most MN-based diagnostic approaches require complicated fabrication processes and postprocessing of the extracted ISF or are limited to detection of electrochemically active biomarkers. Here, we show on-needle measurement of target analytes by integrating hydrogel microneedles with aptamer probes as the recognition elements. Fluorescently tagged aptamer probes are chemically attached to the hydrogel matrix using a simple and novel approach, while a cross-linked patch is formed. For reagentless detection, we employ a strand displacement strategy where fluorophore-conjugated aptamers are hybridized with a DNA competitor strand conjugated to a quencher molecule. The assay is utilized for rapid (2 min) measurement of glucose, adenosine triphosphate, l-tyrosinamide, and thrombin ex vivo. Furthermore, the system enables specific and sensitive quantification of rising and falling concentrations of glucose in an animal model of diabetes to track hypoglycemia, euglycemia, and hyperglycemia conditions. Our assay can be applied for rapid measurement of a diverse range of biomarkers, proteins, or small molecules, introducing a generalizable platform for biomolecule quantification, and has the potential to improve the quality of life of patients who are in need of close monitoring of biomarkers of health and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanjia Zheng
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario N2L 3G1, Canada
| | - Amin GhavamiNejad
- Leslie L. Dan Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3M2, Canada
| | - Peyman GhavamiNejad
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario N2L 3G1, Canada
| | - Melisa Samarikhalaj
- Departments of Physiology and Medicine, Institute of Medical Science and Banting and Best Diabetes Centre, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3M2, Canada
| | - Adria Giacca
- Departments of Physiology and Medicine, Institute of Medical Science and Banting and Best Diabetes Centre, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3M2, Canada
| | - Mahla Poudineh
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario N2L 3G1, Canada
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10
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A simple colorimetric assay to determine the concentration and proportion of human mercaptalbumin. Pract Lab Med 2022; 31:e00281. [PMID: 35711386 PMCID: PMC9192801 DOI: 10.1016/j.plabm.2022.e00281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2022] [Revised: 04/26/2022] [Accepted: 05/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives Design and methods Results Conclusions Concentrations of the reduced form of human serum albumin (human mercaptalbumin) were measured by a colorimetric assay using Michler's Hydrol. The assay uses the total thiol concentration to approximate the human mercaptalbumin concentration. Accuracy was improved by alkylating part of the samples and canceling the contribution of the non-thiol component to the colorimetric changes. Combining Michler's Hydrol assay with bromocresol purple assay enabled us to obtain the proportions of mercaptalbumin and non-mercaptalbumin, which correlated with HPLC as a reference method.
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11
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Metabolomic Analysis of Serum and Tear Samples from Patients with Obesity and Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23094534. [PMID: 35562924 PMCID: PMC9105607 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23094534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2022] [Revised: 04/13/2022] [Accepted: 04/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Metabolomics strategies are widely used to examine obesity and type 2 diabetes (T2D). Patients with obesity (n = 31) or T2D (n = 26) and sex- and age-matched controls (n = 28) were recruited, and serum and tear samples were collected. The concentration of 23 amino acids and 10 biogenic amines in serum and tear samples was analyzed. Statistical analysis and Pearson correlation analysis along with network analysis were carried out. Compared to controls, changes in the level of 6 analytes in the obese group and of 10 analytes in the T2D group were statistically significant. For obesity, the energy generation, while for T2D, the involvement of NO synthesis and its relation to insulin signaling and inflammation, were characteristic. We found that BCAA and glutamine metabolism, urea cycle, and beta-oxidation make up crucial parts of the metabolic changes in T2D. According to our data, the retromer-mediated retrograde transport, the ethanolamine metabolism, and, consequently, the endocannabinoid signaling and phospholipid metabolism were characteristic of both conditions and can be relevant pathways to understanding and treating insulin resistance. By providing potential therapeutic targets and new starting points for mechanistic studies, our results emphasize the importance of complex data analysis procedures to better understand the pathomechanism of obesity and diabetes.
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12
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Amino Acid-Related Metabolic Signature in Obese Children and Adolescents. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14071454. [PMID: 35406066 PMCID: PMC9003189 DOI: 10.3390/nu14071454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2022] [Revised: 03/24/2022] [Accepted: 03/25/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The growing interest in metabolomics has spread to the search for suitable predictive biomarkers for complications related to the emerging issue of pediatric obesity and its related cardiovascular risk and metabolic alteration. Indeed, several studies have investigated the association between metabolic disorders and amino acids, in particular branched-chain amino acids (BCAAs). We have performed a revision of the literature to assess the role of BCAAs in children and adolescents' metabolism, focusing on the molecular pathways involved. We searched on Pubmed/Medline, including articles published until February 2022. The results have shown that plasmatic levels of BCAAs are impaired already in obese children and adolescents. The relationship between BCAAs, obesity and the related metabolic disorders is explained on one side by the activation of the mTORC1 complex-that may promote insulin resistance-and on the other, by the accumulation of toxic metabolites, which may lead to mitochondrial dysfunction, stress kinase activation and damage of pancreatic cells. These compounds may help in the precocious identification of many complications of pediatric obesity. However, further studies are still needed to better assess if BCAAs may be used to screen these conditions and if any other metabolomic compound may be useful to achieve this goal.
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13
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Pavão ML, Ferin R, Lima A, Baptista J. Cysteine and related aminothiols in cardiovascular disease, obesity and insulin resistance. Adv Clin Chem 2022; 109:75-127. [DOI: 10.1016/bs.acc.2022.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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14
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Duft RG, Castro A, Bonfante ILP, Lopes WA, da Silva LR, Chacon-Mikahil MPT, Leite N, Cavaglieri CR. Serum metabolites associated with increased insulin resistance and low cardiorespiratory fitness in overweight adolescents. Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis 2022; 32:269-278. [PMID: 34906412 DOI: 10.1016/j.numecd.2021.09.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2021] [Revised: 09/20/2021] [Accepted: 09/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Obesity affects metabolism, increasing the risk of developing non-communicable diseases in adolescence, due to excess adipose tissue and low cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF). The metabolomics approach allows the elucidation of metabolites, which may have the concentrations altered by several factors, such as body composition (BC). We aimed to analyze the metabolomic profile of normal-weight and overweight adolescents and associate the metabolites with clinical markers related to BC, insulin resistance (IR), and CRF. METHODS AND RESULTS The sample was composed of 57 adolescents and divided into two groups: the normal-weight group (NWG, n = 24) and the overweight group (OWG, n = 33). They underwent blood collection and anthropometric, BC, and CRF assessment. Blood serum samples were analyzed by 1H-NMR spectroscopy (600 MHz). The OWG presented higher values of body weight (BW), body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC), fasting glucose, insulin, IR, cholesterol, and percentage of fat mass (%FM) and lower levels of peak oxygen consumption (VO2 peak) compared with the NWG. The OWG presented lower concentrations of 3-hydroxyisovalerate, glutamate, and methionine as well as higher concentrations of aspartate, asparagine, creatine, glycerol, myo-inositol, proline, pyruvate, tyrosine, and valerate compared with the NWG. The concentrations of glutamate, myo-inositol, creatine, methionine, and valerate correlated with %FM; pyruvate and valerate positively correlated with IR; and glutamate, tyrosine, and valerate negatively correlated with CRF. CONCLUSION Changes in the BC lead to changes in the metabolomic profile of adolescents, and the altered metabolites are associated with increased IR and low CRF. These results indicate new targets for health monitoring and prevention of cardiovascular and metabolic diseases in adolescents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renata G Duft
- Laboratory of Exercise Physiology, Faculty of Physical Education, University of Campinas, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil.
| | - Alex Castro
- Laboratory of Exercise Physiology, Faculty of Physical Education, University of Campinas, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Ivan L P Bonfante
- Laboratory of Exercise Physiology, Faculty of Physical Education, University of Campinas, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil; Federal Institute of Education, Science and Technology of São Paulo, Hortolandia Campus, Hortolandia, Brazil
| | - Wendell A Lopes
- Department of Physical Education, State University of Maringa, Maringa, Brazil
| | - Larissa R da Silva
- Department of Physical Education, University of Parana, Curitiba, Brazil
| | - Mara P T Chacon-Mikahil
- Laboratory of Exercise Physiology, Faculty of Physical Education, University of Campinas, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Neiva Leite
- Department of Physical Education, University of Parana, Curitiba, Brazil
| | - Cláudia R Cavaglieri
- Laboratory of Exercise Physiology, Faculty of Physical Education, University of Campinas, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
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15
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Fakhlaei R, Selamat J, Razis AFA, Sukor R, Ahmad S, Amani Babadi A, Khatib A. In Vivo Toxicity Evaluation of Sugar Adulterated Heterotrigona itama Honey Using Zebrafish Model. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26206222. [PMID: 34684803 PMCID: PMC8538600 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26206222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2021] [Revised: 08/05/2021] [Accepted: 08/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Honey is prone to be adulterated through mixing with sugars, cheap and low-quality honey, and other adulterants. Consumption of adulterated honey may cause several health issues such as weight gain, diabetes, and liver and kidney dysfunction. Therefore, studying the impact of consumption of adulterated honey on consumers is critical since there is a lack of study in this field. Hence, the aims of this paper were: (1) to determine the lethal concentration (LC50) of adulterated honey using zebrafish embryo, (2) to elucidate toxicology of selected adulterated honey based on lethal dose (LD50) using adult zebrafish, (3) to determine the effects of adulterated honey on histological changes of zebrafish, and (4) to screen the metabolites profile of adulterated honey by using zebrafish blood serum. The LC50 of Heterotrigona itama honey (acacia honey) and its sugar adulterants (light corn sugar, cane sugar, inverted sugar, and palm sugar in the proportion of 1-3% (w/w) from the total volume) was determined by the toxicological assessment of honey samples on zebrafish embryos (different exposure concentrations in 24, 48, 72, and 96 h postfertilization (hpf)). Pure H. itama honey represents the LC50 of 34.40 ± 1.84 (mg/mL) at 96 hpf, while the inverted sugar represents the lowest LC50 (5.03 ± 0.92 mg/mL) among sugar adulterants. The highest concentration (3%) of sugar adulterants were used to study the toxicology of adulterated honey using adult zebrafish in terms of acute, prolong-acute, and sub-acute tests. The results of the LD50 from the sub-acute toxicity test of pure H. itama honey was 2.33 ± 0.24 (mg/mL). The histological studies of internal organs showed a lesion in the liver, kidney, and spleen of adulterated treated-honey groups compared to the control group. Furthermore, the LC-MS/MS results revealed three endogenous metabolites in both the pure and adulterated honey treated groups, as follows: (1) S-Cysteinosuccinic acid, (2) 2,3-Diphosphoglyceric acid, and (3) Cysteinyl-Tyrosine. The results of this study demonstrated that adulterated honey caused mortality, which contributes to higher toxicity, and also suggested that the zebrafish toxicity test could be a standard method for assessing the potential toxicity of other hazardous food additives. The information gained from this research will permit an evaluation of the potential risk associated with the consumption of adulterated compared to pure honey.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafieh Fakhlaei
- Food Safety and Food Integrity (FOSFI), Institute of Tropical Agriculture and Food Security, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia; (R.F.); (R.S.)
| | - Jinap Selamat
- Food Safety and Food Integrity (FOSFI), Institute of Tropical Agriculture and Food Security, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia; (R.F.); (R.S.)
- Department of Food Science, Faculty of Food Science and Technology, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +60-38-9769-1099
| | - Ahmad Faizal Abdull Razis
- Department of Food Science, Faculty of Food Science and Technology, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia;
- Natural Medicines and Products Research Laboratory, Institute of Bioscience, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Rashidah Sukor
- Food Safety and Food Integrity (FOSFI), Institute of Tropical Agriculture and Food Security, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia; (R.F.); (R.S.)
- Department of Food Science, Faculty of Food Science and Technology, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia;
| | - Syahida Ahmad
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biotechnology & Biomolecular Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia;
| | - Arman Amani Babadi
- Department of Molecular Medicine, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 55469-14177, Iran;
| | - Alfi Khatib
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Kulliyyah of Pharmacy, International Islamic University Malaysia, Kuantan 25200, Pahang, Malaysia;
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16
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Muresan AA, Rusu A, Roman G, Bala C. METABOLOMIC ANALYSIS OF NORMAL WEIGHT, HEALTHY AND UNHEALTHY OBESITY: AMINO ACID CHANGE ACROSS THE SPECTRUM OF METABOLIC WELLBEING IN WOMEN. ACTA ENDOCRINOLOGICA (BUCHAREST, ROMANIA : 2005) 2021; 17:427-431. [PMID: 35747872 DOI: 10.4183/aeb.2021.427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Context Obesity is a complex and heterogeneous disorder with multiple phenotypes described. Although metabolomic biomarkers of obesity have been extensively studied, biomarkers of obesity phenotypes and differences between these phenotypes and normal-weight (NW) persons have been less investigated. Objective The objective of this cross-sectional analysis was to investigate serum amino acids (AA) as markers of metabolic alterations in obesity phenotypes and NW. Design Cross-sectional. Subjects and Methods By targeted metabolomics we analyzed serum samples of 70 women using ultrahigh-performance liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry. Participants were divided into 3 groups: NW, metabolically healthy obesity (MHO) and metabolically unhealthy obesity (MUHO). Results Five AAs were significantly different between study groups: cysteine, methionine, asparagine, glutamine, and lysine (p-value <0.05 and variable importance in the projection >1). Cysteine increased linearly with metabolic unwellness from NW to MUHO. Lysine and glutamine were significantly higher, and asparagine was significantly lower in NW and MHO than in MUHO. Conclusions By trend and group analysis we identified specific changes in serum AAs along with the progression of metabolically unwellness.
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Affiliation(s)
- A A Muresan
- "Iuliu Hatieganu" University of Medicine and Pharmacy - Diabetes, Nutrition and Metabolic Diseases, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - A Rusu
- "Iuliu Hatieganu" University of Medicine and Pharmacy - Diabetes, Nutrition and Metabolic Diseases, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - G Roman
- "Iuliu Hatieganu" University of Medicine and Pharmacy - Diabetes, Nutrition and Metabolic Diseases, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - C Bala
- "Iuliu Hatieganu" University of Medicine and Pharmacy - Diabetes, Nutrition and Metabolic Diseases, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
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17
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Jog R, Chen G, Wang J, Leff T. Hormonal regulation of glycine decarboxylase and its relationship to oxidative stress. Physiol Rep 2021; 9:e14991. [PMID: 34342168 PMCID: PMC8329434 DOI: 10.14814/phy2.14991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2021] [Accepted: 07/15/2021] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
In both humans and rodent models, circulating glycine levels are significantly reduced in obesity, glucose intolerance, type II diabetes, and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. The glycine cleavage system and its rate-limiting enzyme, glycine decarboxylase (GLDC), is a major determinant of plasma glycine levels. The goals of this study were to determine if the increased expression of GLDC contributes to the reduced plasma glycine levels seen in disease states, to characterize the hormonal regulation of GLDC gene expression, and to determine if altered GLDC expression has physiological effects that might affect the development of diabetes. The findings presented here show that hepatic GLDC gene expression is elevated in mouse models of obesity and diabetes, as well as by fasting. We demonstrated that GLDC gene expression is strongly regulated by the metabolic hormones glucagon and insulin, and we identified the signaling pathways involved in this regulation. Finally, we found that GLDC expression is linked to glutathione levels, with increased expression associated with elevated levels of glutathione and reduced expression associated with a suppression of glutathione and increased cellular ROS levels. These findings suggest that the hormonal regulation of GLDC contributes not only to the changes in circulating glycine levels seen in metabolic disease, but also affects glutathione production, possibly as a defense against metabolic disease-associated oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruta Jog
- Department of PathologyCenter for Integrative Endocrine and Metabolic ResearchWayne State University School of MedicineDetroitMIUSA
| | - Guohua Chen
- Department of PathologyCenter for Integrative Endocrine and Metabolic ResearchWayne State University School of MedicineDetroitMIUSA
| | - Jian Wang
- Department of PathologyCenter for Integrative Endocrine and Metabolic ResearchWayne State University School of MedicineDetroitMIUSA
| | - Todd Leff
- Department of PathologyCenter for Integrative Endocrine and Metabolic ResearchWayne State University School of MedicineDetroitMIUSA
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18
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Dong Z, Gao X, Chinchilli VM, Sinha R, Muscat J, Winkels R, Richie JP. Association of dietary sulfur amino acid intake with mortality from diabetes and other causes. Eur J Nutr 2021; 61:289-298. [PMID: 34327571 DOI: 10.1007/s00394-021-02641-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2021] [Accepted: 07/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Sulfur amino acid (SAA) consumption in Western countries is far greater than recommended levels. In preclinical studies, reduced SAA intake enhanced longevity and reduced risk for numerous chronic diseases. The current objective was to examine for associations between the intake of total SAA, including methionine (Met) and cysteine (Cys), and all-cause and disease-specific mortality US adults. METHODS This prospective analysis included 15,083 US adult participants (mean age = 46.7 years) from the Third National Examination and Nutritional Health Survey (NHANES III, 1988-1994) with available mortality status (National Death Registry, 1988-2011). Dietary SAA intake was obtained from 24-h recall data. Associations between quintile (Q) of SAA intake (expressed as absolute intake or protein density) and mortality were assessed using Cox proportional hazard models and expressed as hazard ratio (HR). RESULTS During follow-up (mean = 16.9 years), 4636 deaths occurred. After multivariable adjustment (including demographics and traditional risk factors, such as fat and other micronutrients intake), diabetes-caused mortality rates were nearly threefold higher in the highest compared to lowest SAA intake quintiles [HRQ5-Q1 total SAA, 2.68 (1.46-4.90); HRQ5-Q1 methionine, 2.45 (1.37-4.38); HRQ5-Q1 cysteine, 2.91 (1.57-5.37)] (P < 0.01)]. Higher total SAA protein density was also associated with diabetes-caused mortality [HRQ5-Q1 1.75 (1.31-2.35)]. Associations between SAA intake and all-cause mortality, and mortality caused by other major diseases were not detected. CONCLUSION Results suggest that high-SAA diets are associated with increased risk for diabetes mortality and that lowering intake towards to Recommended Dietary Allowance levels could lead to reductions in lifetime risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Dong
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Penn State Cancer Institute, The Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, 500 University Drive, Mail Code CH69, Hershey, PA, 17033, USA
| | - Xiang Gao
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA
| | - Vernon M Chinchilli
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Penn State Cancer Institute, The Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, 500 University Drive, Mail Code CH69, Hershey, PA, 17033, USA
| | - Raghu Sinha
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, USA
| | - Joshua Muscat
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Penn State Cancer Institute, The Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, 500 University Drive, Mail Code CH69, Hershey, PA, 17033, USA
| | - Renate Winkels
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Penn State Cancer Institute, The Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, 500 University Drive, Mail Code CH69, Hershey, PA, 17033, USA
| | - John P Richie
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Penn State Cancer Institute, The Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, 500 University Drive, Mail Code CH69, Hershey, PA, 17033, USA.
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19
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Alqudah A, Wedyan M, Qnais E, Jawarneh H, McClements L. Plasma Amino Acids Metabolomics' Important in Glucose Management in Type 2 Diabetes. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:695418. [PMID: 34335259 PMCID: PMC8320811 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.695418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2021] [Accepted: 06/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The perturbation in plasma free amino acid metabolome has been observed previously in diabetes mellitus, and is associated with insulin resistance as well as the onset of cardiovascular disease in this population. In this study, we investigated, for the first time, changes in the amino acid profile in a group of people with and without type 2 diabetes (T2D) with normal BMI, from Jordan, who were only managed on metformin. Twenty one amino acids were evaluated in plasma samples from 124 people with T2D and 67 healthy controls, matched for age, gender and BMI, using amino acids analyser. Total amino acids, essential amino acids, non-essential amino acids and semi-essential amino acids were similar in T2D compared to healthy controls. Plasma concentrations of four essential amino acids were increased in the presence of T2D (Leucine, p < 0.01, Lysine, p < 0.001, Phenylalanine, p < 0.01, Tryptophan, p < 0.05). On the other hand, in relation to non-essential amino acids, Alanine and Serine were reduced in T2D (p < 0.01, p < 0.001, respectively), whereas Aspartate and Glutamate were increased in T2D compared to healthy controls (p < 0.001, p < 0.01, respectively). A semi-essential amino acid, Cystine, was also increased in T2D compared to healthy controls (p < 0.01). Citrulline, a metabolic indicator amino acid, demonstrated lower plasma concentration in T2D compared to healthy controls (p < 0.01). These amino acids were also correlated with fasting blood glucose and HbA1c (p < 0.05). Glutamate, glycine and arginine were correlated with the duration of metformin treatment (p < 0.05). No amino acid was correlated with lipid profiles. Disturbances in the metabolism of these amino acids are closely implicated in the pathogenesis of T2D and associated cardiovascular disease. Therefore, these perturbed amino acids could be explored as therapeutic targets to improve T2D management and prevent associated cardiovascular complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdelrahim Alqudah
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmacy Practice, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The Hashemite University, Zarqa, Jordan
| | - Mohammed Wedyan
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Science, The Hashemite University, Zarqa, Jordan
| | - Esam Qnais
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Science, The Hashemite University, Zarqa, Jordan
| | - Hassan Jawarneh
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Science, The Hashemite University, Zarqa, Jordan
| | - Lana McClements
- School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
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Amino Acid Signature of Oxidative Stress in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes: Targeted Exploratory Metabolomic Research. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:antiox10040610. [PMID: 33921149 PMCID: PMC8071553 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10040610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2021] [Revised: 04/11/2021] [Accepted: 04/12/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Oxidative stress plays a key role in the development of chronic diabetes-related complications. Previous metabolomic studies showed a positive association of diabetes and insulin resistance with branched-chain amino acids (AAs) and aromatic AAs. The purpose of this research is to identify distinct metabolic changes associated with increased oxidative stress, as assessed by nitrotyrosine levels, in type 2 diabetes (T2DM). Serum samples of 80 patients with insulin-treated T2DM are analyzed by AA-targeted metabolomics using ultrahigh-performance liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry. Patients are divided into two groups based on their nitrotyrosine levels: the highest level of oxidative stress (Q4 nitrotyrosine) and lower levels (Q1–Q3 nitrotyrosine). The identification of biomarkers is performed in MetaboAnalyst version 5.0 using a t-test corrected for false discovery rate, unsupervised principal component analysis and supervised partial least-squares discriminant analysis (PLS-DA). Four AAs have significantly different levels between the groups for highest and lower oxidative stress. Cysteine, phenylalanine and tyrosine are substantially increased while citrulline is decreased (p-value <0.05 and variable importance in the projection [VIP] >1). Corresponding pathways that might be disrupted in patients with high oxidative stress are phenylalanine, tyrosine and tryptophan biosynthesis, arginine biosynthesis, phenylalanine metabolism, cysteine and methionine metabolism and tyrosine metabolism.
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Korobkova EO, Kozhevnikova MV, Ilgisonis IS, Shakaryants GA, Appolonova SA, Kukharenko AV, Larcova EV, Maltseva AA, Khabarova NV, Belenkov YN. [Metabolomic profiling in patients with metabolic syndrome]. KARDIOLOGIIA 2020; 60:37-43. [PMID: 32375614 DOI: 10.18087/cardio.2020.3.n903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2019] [Accepted: 11/28/2019] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To identify biomarkers, which are most specific for patients with metabolic syndrome (MS) using metabolomic profiling. MATERIALS AND METHODS Metabolomic profiling of patients with MS and comparison of their profile with the profile of volunteers was performed using high-performance liquid chromatography-mass-spectrometry. RESULTS The metabolomic profile of MS patients differed in several amino acids, including choline, cysteine, and serine and in the acylcarnitine group (р<0.05 for all comparisons). CONCLUSION The metabolites most specific for MS patients were identified. Increased concentrations of a combination of amino acids and carnitines can be considered as possible additional risk factors for cardiovascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- E O Korobkova
- Federal State Autonomous Educational Institution of Higher Education I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation (Sechenov University)
| | - M V Kozhevnikova
- Federal State Autonomous Educational Institution of Higher Education I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation (Sechenov University)
| | - I S Ilgisonis
- Federal State Autonomous Educational Institution of Higher Education I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation (Sechenov University)
| | - G A Shakaryants
- Federal State Autonomous Educational Institution of Higher Education I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation (Sechenov University)
| | - S A Appolonova
- Federal State Autonomous Educational Institution of Higher Education I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation (Sechenov University)
| | - A V Kukharenko
- Federal State Autonomous Educational Institution of Higher Education I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation (Sechenov University)
| | - E V Larcova
- Federal State Autonomous Educational Institution of Higher Education I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation (Sechenov University)
| | - A A Maltseva
- Federal State Autonomous Educational Institution of Higher Education I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation (Sechenov University)
| | - N V Khabarova
- Federal State Autonomous Educational Institution of Higher Education I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation (Sechenov University)
| | - Yu N Belenkov
- Federal State Autonomous Educational Institution of Higher Education I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation (Sechenov University)
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22
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Matos MPV, Jackson GP. Compound-Specific Isotope Analysis of Human Hair: Predicting Behaviors and Biometrics beyond Dietary Factors. Anal Chem 2020; 92:3014-3022. [PMID: 31955563 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.9b04085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mayara P. V. Matos
- Department of Biology, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia 26506, United States
| | - Glen P. Jackson
- Department of Forensic and Investigative Science, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia 26506, United States
- C. Eugene Bennett Department of Chemistry, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia 26506, United States
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23
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Ratnam KV, Manjunatha H, Janardan S, Babu Naidu KC, Ramesh S. Nonenzymatic electrochemical sensor based on metal oxide, MO (M= Cu, Ni, Zn, and Fe) nanomaterials for neurotransmitters: An abridged review. SENSORS INTERNATIONAL 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.sintl.2020.100047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
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24
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Metabolic modulation predicts heart failure tests performance. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0218153. [PMID: 31220103 PMCID: PMC6586291 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0218153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2019] [Accepted: 05/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The metabolic changes that accompany changes in Cardiopulmonary testing (CPET) and heart failure biomarkers (HFbio) are not well known. We undertook metabolomic and lipidomic phenotyping of a cohort of heart failure (HF) patients and utilized Multiple Regression Analysis (MRA) to identify associations to CPET and HFBio test performance (peak oxygen consumption (Peak VO2), oxygen uptake efficiency slope (OUES), exercise duration, and minute ventilation-carbon dioxide production slope (VE/VCO2 slope), as well as the established HF biomarkers of inflammation C-reactive protein (CRP), beta-galactoside-binding protein (galectin-3), and N-terminal prohormone of brain natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP)). A cohort of 49 patients with a left ventricular ejection fraction < 50%, predominantly males African American, presenting a high frequency of diabetes, hyperlipidemia, and hypertension were used in the study. MRA revealed that metabolic models for VE/VCO2 and Peak VO2 were the most fitted models, and the highest predictors’ coefficients were from Acylcarnitine C18:2, palmitic acid, citric acid, asparagine, and 3-hydroxybutiric acid. Metabolic Pathway Analysis (MetPA) used predictors to identify the most relevant metabolic pathways associated to the study, aminoacyl-tRNA and amino acid biosynthesis, amino acid metabolism, nitrogen metabolism, pantothenate and CoA biosynthesis, sphingolipid and glycerolipid metabolism, fatty acid biosynthesis, glutathione metabolism, and pentose phosphate pathway (PPP). Metabolite Set Enrichment Analysis (MSEA) found associations of our findings with pre-existing biological knowledge from studies of human plasma metabolism as brain dysfunction and enzyme deficiencies associated with lactic acidosis. Our results indicate a profile of oxidative stress, lactic acidosis, and metabolic syndrome coupled with mitochondria dysfunction in patients with HF tests poor performance. The insights resulting from this study coincides with what has previously been discussed in existing literature thereby supporting the validity of our findings while at the same time characterizing the metabolic underpinning of CPET and HFBio.
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Hypercysteinemia, A Potential Risk Factor for Central Obesity and Related Disorders in Azores, Portugal. J Nutr Metab 2019; 2019:1826780. [PMID: 31321096 PMCID: PMC6609363 DOI: 10.1155/2019/1826780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2019] [Accepted: 05/27/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
In Azores, the standardized mortality rate for coronary artery disease (CAD) is nearly the double when compared to mainland Portugal. The aim of this study was to compare the prevalence of conventional CAD risk factors, as well as the plasma aminothiol profile (and its major determinants), between two groups of healthy subjects from Ponta Delgada (in Azores) and Lisbon (in mainland) cities, searching for precocious biomarker(s) of the disease. The study groups consisted of 101 healthy volunteers from Ponta Delgada (PDL) and 121 from Lisbon, aged 20–69 years. No differences in the prevalence of classical CAD risk factors were found between the study groups, except in physical inactivity and related central obesity, which were both higher in PDL men than in those from Lisbon. Hypercysteinemia, which seems to result from sulfur-rich amino acid diets and/or vitamin B12 malabsorption, revealed to be significantly more prevalent in PDL vs. Lisbon subjects (18% vs. 4%, P=0.001), namely, in male gender. Moreover, plasma Cys levels predicted waist circumference (β coefficient = 0.102, P=0.032) and concomitant central obesity and were also associated with insulin resistance. Nevertheless, hyperhomocysteinemia prevalence was similar in both groups, despite the fact that PDL subjects exhibited a higher rate of vitamin B12 deficiency compared to those from Lisbon (19% vs. 6%, P=0.003). Owing to the nature of this study design, a cause-effect relationship between high plasma Cys levels and central obesity or CAD risk could not be derived, but results strongly suggest that hypercysteinemia is a potential risk factor for metabolic disorders, i.e., obesity and insulin resistance, and CAD in Azores, a hypothesis that asks for confirmation through further large prospective studies.
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26
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Cree-Green M, Carreau AM, Rahat H, Garcia-Reyes Y, Bergman BC, Pyle L, Nadeau KJ. Amino acid and fatty acid metabolomic profile during fasting and hyperinsulinemia in girls with polycystic ovarian syndrome. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2019; 316:E707-E718. [PMID: 30753112 PMCID: PMC6580169 DOI: 10.1152/ajpendo.00532.2018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) is associated with insulin resistance (IR) and altered muscle mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation. IR in adults with obesity and diabetes is associated with changes in amino acid, free fatty acid (FFA), and mitochondrial acylcarnitine (AC) metabolism. We sought to determine whether these metabolites are associated with IR and/or androgens in youth-onset PCOS. We enrolled obese girls with PCOS [ n = 15, 14.5 yr (SD 1.6), %BMI 98.5 (SD 1.0)] and without PCOS [ n = 6, 13.2 yr (SD 1.2), %BMI 98.0 (SD 1.1)]. Insulin sensitivity was assessed by hyperinsulinemic euglycemic clamp. Untargeted metabolomics of plasma was performed while fasting and during hyperinsulinemia. Fasting arginine, glutamine, histidine, lysine, phenylalanine, and tyrosine were higher ( P < 0.04 for all but P < 0.001 for valine), as were glutamine and histidine during hyperinsulinemia ( P < 0.03). Higher valine during hyperinsulinemia was associated with IR ( r = 0.59, P = 0.006). Surprisingly, end-clamp AC C4 was lower in PCOS, and lower C4 was associated with IR ( r = -0.44, P = 0.04). End-clamp FFAs of C14:0, C16:1, and C18:1 were higher in PCOS girls, and C16:1 and C18:1 strongly associated with IR ( r = 0.73 and 0.53, P < 0.01). Free androgen index related negatively to short-, medium-, and long-chain AC ( r = -0.41 to -0.71, P < 0.01) but not FFA or amino acids. Obese girls with PCOS have a distinct metabolic signature during fasting and hyperinsulinemia. As in diabetes, IR related to valine and FFAs, with an unexpected relationship with AC C4, suggesting unique metabolism in obese girls with PCOS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melanie Cree-Green
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Endocrinology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus , Aurora, Colorado
- Center for Women's Health Research , Aurora, Colorado
| | - Anne-Marie Carreau
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Endocrinology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus , Aurora, Colorado
| | - Haseeb Rahat
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Endocrinology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus , Aurora, Colorado
| | - Yesenia Garcia-Reyes
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Endocrinology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus , Aurora, Colorado
| | - Bryan C Bergman
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus , Aurora, Colorado
| | - Laura Pyle
- Department of Biostatistics and Informatics, Colorado School of Public Health , Aurora, Colorado
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus , Aurora, Colorado
| | - Kristen J Nadeau
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Endocrinology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus , Aurora, Colorado
- Center for Women's Health Research , Aurora, Colorado
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27
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Lent-Schochet D, McLaughlin M, Ramakrishnan N, Jialal I. Exploratory metabolomics of metabolic syndrome: A status report. World J Diabetes 2019; 10:23-36. [PMID: 30697368 PMCID: PMC6347655 DOI: 10.4239/wjd.v10.i1.23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2018] [Revised: 01/04/2019] [Accepted: 01/08/2019] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is as a cluster of cardio-metabolic factors that greatly increase the risk of chronic diseases such as type II diabetes mellitus and atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease. In the United States, obesity, physical inactivity, aging, and genetics (to a minor extent) have arisen as risk factors for developing MetS. Although 35% of American adults suffer from MetS, its pathogenesis largely remains unknown. Worse, there is a lack of screening and optimum therapy for this disease. Researchers have consequently turned towards metabolomics to identify biomarkers to better understand MetS. The purpose of this review is to characterize various metabolites and their potential connections to MetS. Numerous studies have also characterized MetS as a disease of increased inflammation, and therefore this review also explores how metabolites play a role in various inflammatory pathways. Our review explores a broad range of metabolites including biogenic amines, branched chain amino acids, aromatic amines, phosphatidylcholines, as well as a variety of other molecules. We will explore their biochemical pathways and their potential role in serving as biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniella Lent-Schochet
- Metabolism and Clinical Pathology, College of Medicine, California Northstate University, Elk Grove, CA 95757, United States
| | - Matthew McLaughlin
- Metabolism and Clinical Pathology, College of Medicine, California Northstate University, Elk Grove, CA 95757, United States
| | - Neeraj Ramakrishnan
- Metabolism and Clinical Pathology, College of Medicine, California Northstate University, Elk Grove, CA 95757, United States
| | - Ishwarlal Jialal
- Metabolism and Clinical Pathology, College of Medicine, California Northstate University, Elk Grove, CA 95757, United States
- VA Medical Center, Mather CA 95655, United States
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28
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Reddy P, Leong J, Jialal I. Amino acid levels in nascent metabolic syndrome: A contributor to the pro-inflammatory burden. J Diabetes Complications 2018; 32:465-469. [PMID: 29559272 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdiacomp.2018.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2018] [Revised: 02/21/2018] [Accepted: 02/24/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
AIMS Metabolic Syndrome (MetS) is a cluster of cardio-metabolic risk factors characterized by low-grade inflammation which confers an increased risk for type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and cardiovascular disease (CVD). Prior studies have linked elevated branched chain amino acids (BCAA) and aromatic amino acids (AAA) with T2DM and CVD. Due to the paucity of data in MetS, the aim of this study was to investigate the status of amino acids as early biomarkers of nascent MetS patients without T2DM and CVD or smoking. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS Healthy controls (n = 20) and MetS (n = 29) patients were recruited for the study. MetS was defined by criteria of National Cholesterol Education Program Adult Treatment Panel III of having at least 3 risk factors. Urinary amino acids were quantified by gas chromatography time-of-flight mass spectrometry at the Western NIH Metabolomics Center as expressed to urinary creatinine. RESULTS Tyrosine and Isoleucine levels were significantly elevated in MetS patients. Isoleucine positively correlated with salient cardio-metabolic features and inflammatory biomarkers. Lysine and Methionine levels were decreased in MetS patients. Lysine correlated negatively with cardio-metabolic features and inflammatory bimarkers. Methionine also correlated negatively with blood pressure and certain inflammatory biomarkers. CONCLUSION Our novel results suggest that with regards to the cardio-metabolic risk factors and pro-inflammatory features of MetS, isoleucine (BCAA) demonstrated a positive correlation while lysine demonstrated a negative correlation. Thus, increased levels of isoleucine and decreased levels of lysine could be potential early biomarkers of MetS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priya Reddy
- California Northstate University College of Medicine, Elk Grove, CA, United States
| | - Joseph Leong
- California Northstate University College of Medicine, Elk Grove, CA, United States
| | - Ishwarlal Jialal
- California Northstate University College of Medicine, Elk Grove, CA, United States.
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29
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Dong Z, Sinha R, Richie JP. Disease prevention and delayed aging by dietary sulfur amino acid restriction: translational implications. Ann N Y Acad Sci 2018; 1418:44-55. [PMID: 29399808 DOI: 10.1111/nyas.13584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2017] [Revised: 11/21/2017] [Accepted: 11/27/2017] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Sulfur amino acids (SAAs) play numerous critical roles in metabolism and overall health maintenance. Preclinical studies have demonstrated that SAA-restricted diets have many beneficial effects, including extending life span and preventing the development of a variety of diseases. Dietary sulfur amino acid restriction (SAAR) is characterized by chronic restrictions of methionine and cysteine but not calories and is associated with reductions in body weight, adiposity and oxidative stress, and metabolic changes in adipose tissue and liver resulting in enhanced insulin sensitivity and energy expenditure. SAAR-induced changes in blood biomarkers include reductions in insulin, insulin-like growth factor-1, glucose, and leptin and increases in adiponectin and fibroblast growth factor 21. On the basis of these preclinical data, SAAR may also have similar benefits in humans. While little is known of the translational significance of SAAR, its potential feasibility in humans is supported by findings of its effectiveness in rodents, even when initiated in adult animals. To date, there have been no controlled feeding studies of SAAR in humans; however, there have been numerous relevant epidemiologic and disease-based clinical investigations reported. Here, we summarize observations from these clinical investigations to provide insight into the potential effectiveness of SAAR for humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Dong
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania
| | - Raghu Sinha
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania
| | - John P Richie
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania
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30
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Sedgwick AC, Wu L, Han HH, Bull SD, He XP, James TD, Sessler JL, Tang BZ, Tian H, Yoon J. Excited-state intramolecular proton-transfer (ESIPT) based fluorescence sensors and imaging agents. Chem Soc Rev 2018; 47:8842-8880. [DOI: 10.1039/c8cs00185e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 690] [Impact Index Per Article: 115.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
We review recent advances in the design and application of excited-state intramolecular proton-transfer (ESIPT) based fluorescent probes. These sensors and imaging agents (probes) are important in biology, physiology, pharmacology, and environmental science.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam C. Sedgwick
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Bath
- Bath
- UK
- Department of Chemistry
| | - Luling Wu
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Bath
- Bath
- UK
| | - Hai-Hao Han
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Joint International Research Laboratory of Precision Chemistry and Molecular Engineering
- Feringa Nobel Prize Scientist Joint Research Center
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering
- East China University of Science and Technology
- Shanghai 200237
| | | | - Xiao-Peng He
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Joint International Research Laboratory of Precision Chemistry and Molecular Engineering
- Feringa Nobel Prize Scientist Joint Research Center
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering
- East China University of Science and Technology
- Shanghai 200237
| | - Tony D. James
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Bath
- Bath
- UK
- Department of Materials and Life Sciences
| | | | - Ben Zhong Tang
- Department of Chemistry
- The Hong Kong University of Science & Technology (HKUST)
- Clear Water Bay
- Kowloon
- China
| | - He Tian
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Joint International Research Laboratory of Precision Chemistry and Molecular Engineering
- Feringa Nobel Prize Scientist Joint Research Center
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering
- East China University of Science and Technology
- Shanghai 200237
| | - Juyoung Yoon
- Department of Chemistry and Nano Science
- Ewha Womans University
- Seoul 120-750
- Korea
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31
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Singh R, Pervin S, Lee SJ, Kuo A, Grijalva V, David J, Vergnes L, Reddy ST. Metabolic profiling of follistatin overexpression: a novel therapeutic strategy for metabolic diseases. Diabetes Metab Syndr Obes 2018; 11:65-84. [PMID: 29618935 PMCID: PMC5875402 DOI: 10.2147/dmso.s159315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Follistatin (Fst) promotes brown adipocyte characteristics in adipose tissues. METHODS Abdominal fat volume (CT scan), glucose clearance (GTT test), and metabolomics analysis (mass spectrometry) of adipose tissues from Fst transgenic (Fst-Tg) and wild type (WT) control mice were analyzed. Oxygen consumption (Seahorse Analyzer) and lipidomics (gas chromatography) was analyzed in 3T3-L1 cells. RESULTS Fst-Tg mice show significant decrease in abdominal fat content, increased glucose clearance, improved plasma lipid profiles and significant changes in several conventional metabolites compared to the WT mice. Furthermore, overexpression of Fst in 3T3-L1 cells resulted in up regulation of key brown/beige markers and changes in lipidomics profiles. CONCLUSION Fst modulates key factors involved in promoting metabolic syndrome and could be used for therapeutic intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajan Singh
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, UCLA School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Charles R. Drew University of Medicine and Science, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Correspondence: Rajan Singh, Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Charles R. Drew University of Medicine and Science, 3084 Hawkins Building, 1731 East 120 Street, Los Angeles, CA 90059, USA, Tel +1 323 563 5828, Email
| | - Shehla Pervin
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, UCLA School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Charles R. Drew University of Medicine and Science, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Se-Jin Lee
- The Jackson Laboratory for Genomic Medicine, Farmington, CT, USA
- Department of Genetics and Genome Sciences, University of Connecticut School of Medicine, CT, USA
| | - Alan Kuo
- Department of Biology, California State University Dominguez Hills, CA, USA
| | - Victor Grijalva
- Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, UCLA School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - John David
- Department of Comparative Medicine, Pfizer Inc, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Laurent Vergnes
- Department of Human Genetics, UCLA School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Srinivasa T Reddy
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, UCLA School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, UCLA School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA, USA
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32
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Okekunle AP, Li Y, Liu L, Du S, Wu X, Chen Y, Li Y, Qi J, Sun C, Feng R. Abnormal circulating amino acid profiles in multiple metabolic disorders. Diabetes Res Clin Pract 2017; 132:45-58. [PMID: 28783532 DOI: 10.1016/j.diabres.2017.07.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2016] [Revised: 06/02/2017] [Accepted: 07/13/2017] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
AIM To evaluate circulating amino acids (AA) profiles in obesity, type 2 diabetes (T2D) and metabolic syndrome (MetS). METHODS Serum AA were profiled among 200; healthy, obese, T2D and MetS subjects matched by sex, age and BMI using ultra-high performance liquid chromatography tandem quadruple mass spectrometry (UPLC-TQ-MS). A meta-analysis, including 47 case-control studies (including the current study) on serum AA in obesity, T2D and MetS searched through October 2016 was conducted to explore the AA differences in obesity, T2D and MetS. RESULTS In comparison with healthy controls, 14 AA (10 increased and 4 decreased) were significantly altered (P<0.05) in all non-healthy subjects. Also, mean differences of valine (obese: 34.13 [27.70, 40.56]µmol/L, P<0.001, T2D: 19.49 [3.31, 35.68]µmol/L, P<0.05, MetS: 29.18 [16.04, 42.33]µmol/L, P<0.001), glutamic acid (obese: 18.62 [11.64, 25.61]µmol/L, P<0.001, T2D: 19.94 [0.28, 39.61]µmol/L, P<0.05, MetS: 12.45 [3.98, 20.91]µmol/L, P<0.001), proline (obese: 16.72 [6.20, 27.24]µmol/L, P<0.001, T2D: 20.72 [15.82, 25.61]µmol/L, P<0.001, MetS: 29.95 [25.18, 34.71]µmol/L, P<0.001) and isoleucine (obese: 11.39 [8.54, 14.24]µmol/L, P<0.001, T2D: 7.37 [1.52, 13.22]µmol/L, P<0.05, MetS: 10.40 [4.90, 15.89]µmol/L, P<0.001) were significantly higher compared to healthy controls. Similarly, mean differences of glycine (obese: -30.99 [-39.69, -22.29]µmol/L, P<0.001, T2D: -30.37 [-41.80, -18.94]µmol/L, P<0.001 and MetS: -35.24 [-39.28, -31.21]µmol/L, P<0.001) were significantly lower compared to healthy controls. CONCLUSION In both the case-control study and meta-analysis, obesity was related to the most circulating AA changes, followed by MetS and T2D. Valine, isoleucine, glutamic acid and proline increased, while Glycine decreased in all metabolic disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akinkunmi Paul Okekunle
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Public Health College, Harbin Medical University, 157 Baojian Road, Nangang District, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province 150081, People's Republic of China
| | - Ying Li
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Public Health College, Harbin Medical University, 157 Baojian Road, Nangang District, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province 150081, People's Republic of China
| | - Liyan Liu
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Public Health College, Harbin Medical University, 157 Baojian Road, Nangang District, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province 150081, People's Republic of China
| | - Shanshan Du
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Public Health College, Harbin Medical University, 157 Baojian Road, Nangang District, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province 150081, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoyan Wu
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Public Health College, Harbin Medical University, 157 Baojian Road, Nangang District, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province 150081, People's Republic of China
| | - Yang Chen
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Public Health College, Harbin Medical University, 157 Baojian Road, Nangang District, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province 150081, People's Republic of China
| | - Yanchuan Li
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Public Health College, Harbin Medical University, 157 Baojian Road, Nangang District, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province 150081, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiayue Qi
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Public Health College, Harbin Medical University, 157 Baojian Road, Nangang District, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province 150081, People's Republic of China
| | - Changhao Sun
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Public Health College, Harbin Medical University, 157 Baojian Road, Nangang District, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province 150081, People's Republic of China.
| | - Rennan Feng
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Public Health College, Harbin Medical University, 157 Baojian Road, Nangang District, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province 150081, People's Republic of China.
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Perng W, Hector EC, Song PX, Rojo MMT, Raskind S, Kachman M, Cantoral A, Burant CF, Peterson KE. Metabolomic Determinants of Metabolic Risk in Mexican Adolescents. Obesity (Silver Spring) 2017; 25:1594-1602. [PMID: 28758362 PMCID: PMC5573626 DOI: 10.1002/oby.21926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2017] [Revised: 06/10/2017] [Accepted: 06/12/2017] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The goal of this study was to identify metabolites associated with metabolic risk, separately by sex, in Mexican adolescents. METHODS Untargeted metabolomic profiling was carried out on fasting serum of 238 youth aged 8 to 14 years, and metabolites associated with a metabolic syndrome risk z-score (MetRisk z-score) were identified separately for boys and girls, using the simulation and extrapolation algorithm. Associations of each metabolite with MetRisk z-score were examined using linear regression models that accounted for maternal education, child's age, and pubertal status. RESULTS Of the 938 features identified in metabolomics analysis, 7 named compounds (of 27 identified metabolites) were associated with MetRisk z-score in girls, and 3 named compounds (of 14 identified) were associated with MetRisk z-score in boys. In girls, diacylglycerol (DG) 16:0/16:0, 1,3-dielaidin, myo-inositol, and urate corresponded with higher MetRisk z-score, whereas N-acetylglycine, thymine, and dodecenedioic acid were associated with lower MetRisk z-score. For example, each z-score increment in DG 16:0/16:0 corresponded with 0.60 (95% CI: 0.47-0.74) units higher MetRisk z-score. In boys, positive associations of DG 16:0/16:0, tyrosine, and 5'-methylthioadenosine with MetRisk z-score were found. CONCLUSIONS Metabolites on lipid, amino acid, and carbohydrate metabolism pathways are associated with metabolic risk in girls. Compounds on lipid and DNA pathways correspond with metabolic risk in boys.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Perng
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Emily C. Hector
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Peter X.K. Song
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Martha Maria Tellez Rojo
- Center for Research on Nutrition and Health, National Institute of Public Health, Cuernavaca, Morelos, México
| | - Sasha Raskind
- Michigan Regional Comprehensive Metabolomics Resource Core, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Maureen Kachman
- Michigan Regional Comprehensive Metabolomics Resource Core, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Alejandra Cantoral
- Center for Research on Nutrition and Health, National Institute of Public Health, Cuernavaca, Morelos, México
| | - Charles F. Burant
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- Michigan Regional Comprehensive Metabolomics Resource Core, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- Center for Computational Medicine and Bioinformatics, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Karen E. Peterson
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- Center for Human Growth and Development, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
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Yan-Do R, MacDonald PE. Impaired "Glycine"-mia in Type 2 Diabetes and Potential Mechanisms Contributing to Glucose Homeostasis. Endocrinology 2017; 158:1064-1073. [PMID: 28323968 DOI: 10.1210/en.2017-00148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2017] [Accepted: 03/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The onset and/or progression of type 2 diabetes (T2D) can be prevented if intervention is early enough. As such, much effort has been placed on the search for indicators predictive of prediabetes and disease onset or progression. An increasing body of evidence suggests that changes in plasma glycine may be one such biomarker. Circulating glycine levels are consistently low in patients with T2D. Levels of this nonessential amino acid correlate negatively with obesity and insulin resistance. Plasma glycine correlates positively with glucose disposal, and rises with interventions such as exercise and bariatric surgery that improve glucose homeostasis. A role for glycine in the regulation of glucose, beyond being a potential biomarker, is less clear, however. Dietary glycine supplementation increases insulin, reduces systemic inflammation, and improves glucose tolerance. Emerging evidence suggests that glycine, a neurotransmitter, also acts directly on target tissues that include the endocrine pancreas and the brain via glycine receptors and as a coligand for N-methyl-d-aspartate glutamate receptors to control insulin secretion and liver glucose output, respectively. Here, we review the current evidence supporting a role for glycine in glucose homeostasis via its central and peripheral actions and changes that occur in T2D.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard Yan-Do
- Alberta Diabetes Institute and Department of Pharmacology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2R3, Canada
| | - Patrick E MacDonald
- Alberta Diabetes Institute and Department of Pharmacology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2R3, Canada
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Miranti EH, Freedman ND, Weinstein SJ, Abnet CC, Selhub J, Murphy G, Diaw L, Männistö S, Taylor PR, Albanes D, Stolzenberg-Solomon RZ. Prospective study of serum cysteine and cysteinylglycine and cancer of the head and neck, esophagus, and stomach in a cohort of male smokers. Am J Clin Nutr 2016; 104:686-93. [PMID: 27534643 PMCID: PMC4997291 DOI: 10.3945/ajcn.115.125799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2015] [Accepted: 06/30/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The nonessential amino acid cysteine is known to be involved in many antioxidant and anticarcinogenic pathways. Cysteinylglycine is a pro-oxidant metabolite of glutathione and a precursor of cysteine. OBJECTIVE To examine the relation between serum cysteine and cysteinylglycine and risk of gastric adenocarcinomas, esophageal squamous cell carcinomas, and head and neck squamous cell carcinomas, we conducted a nested case-control study within the Alpha-Tocopherol, Beta-Carotene Cancer Prevention study of male Finnish smokers aged 50-69 y at baseline. DESIGN In total, 170 gastric adenocarcinomas, 68 esophageal squamous cell carcinomas, and 270 head and neck squamous cell carcinomas (identified from the Finnish Cancer Registry) were matched one-to-one with cancer-free control subjects on age and the date of serum collection. We calculated ORs and 95% CIs with the use of a multivariate-adjusted conditional logistic regression. RESULTS Cysteine had a U-shaped association with gastric adenocarcinomas; a model that included a linear and a squared term had a significant global P-test (P = 0.036). Serum cysteinylglycine was inversely associated with adenocarcinomas of the gastric cardia (OR for above the median compared with below the median: 0.07; 95% CI: 0.01, 0.70; n = 38 cases) but not for other sites. Both cysteine and cysteinylglycine were not associated with esophageal squamous cell carcinoma or head and neck squamous cell carcinoma. CONCLUSIONS We observed associations between serum cysteine and cysteinylglycine with upper gastrointestinal cancer risk. Future studies are needed to replicate these findings. This trial was registered at clininicaltrials.gov as NCT00342992.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eugenia H Miranti
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Department of Health and Human Services, Rockville, MD
| | - Neal D Freedman
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Department of Health and Human Services, Rockville, MD;
| | - Stephanie J Weinstein
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Department of Health and Human Services, Rockville, MD
| | - Christian C Abnet
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Department of Health and Human Services, Rockville, MD
| | - Jacob Selhub
- Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging at Tufts University, Boston, MA
| | - Gwen Murphy
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Department of Health and Human Services, Rockville, MD
| | - Lena Diaw
- Pulmonary and Vascular Medicine Branch, National Heart Lung and Blood Institute, NIH, Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, MD; and
| | - Satu Männistö
- Department of Chronic Disease Prevention, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Philip R Taylor
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Department of Health and Human Services, Rockville, MD
| | - Demetrius Albanes
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Department of Health and Human Services, Rockville, MD
| | - Rachael Z Stolzenberg-Solomon
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Department of Health and Human Services, Rockville, MD
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Ormstad H, Dahl J, Verkerk R, Andreassen OA, Maes M. Increased plasma levels of competing amino acids, rather than lowered plasma tryptophan levels, are associated with a non-response to treatment in major depression. Eur Neuropsychopharmacol 2016; 26:1286-96. [PMID: 27237997 DOI: 10.1016/j.euroneuro.2016.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2016] [Revised: 04/12/2016] [Accepted: 05/08/2016] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Lowered plasma tryptophan (TRP) and TRP/competing amino acid (CAA) ratio may be involved in the pathophysiology of major depression (MDD). Increased cortisol and immune-inflammatory mediators in MDD may affect the availability of TRP to the brain. We investigated whether baseline or post-treatment TRP, CAAs and TRP/CAA ratio are associated with a treatment response in MDD and whether these effects may be mediated by cortisol or immune biomarkers. We included 50 medication-free MDD patients with a depressive episode (DSM diagnosis) and assessed symptom severity with the Inventory of Depressive Symptomatology (IDS) before and after treatment as usual for 12 weeks (endpoint). Plasma levels of TRP, CAAs, the ratio, cortisol, CRP and 6 selected cytokines were assayed. The primary outcome was a 50% reduction in the IDS, while the secondary was a remission of the depressive episode. In IDS non-responders, CAAs increased and the TRP/CAA ratio decreased, while in IDS responders CAAs decreased and the TRP/CAA ratio increased from baseline to endpoint. In patients who were still depressed at endpoint TRP and CAAs levels had increased from baseline, while in remitted patients no such effects were found. Increases in CAAs were inversely correlated with changes in interleukin-1 receptor antagonist levels. The results show that increased CAA levels from baseline to endpoint are associated with a non-response to treatment in MDD patients. This suggests that the mechanism underpinning the CAA-related treatment resistance may be related to changes in immune pathways. CAA levels and amino acid metabolism may be new drug targets in depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heidi Ormstad
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University College of Southeast Norway, Drammen, Norway.
| | - Johan Dahl
- Ringerike Psychiatric Center, Vestre Viken Hospital Trust, Drammen, Norway
| | - Robert Verkerk
- Laboratory of Medical Biochemistry, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Ole A Andreassen
- NORMENT, KG Jebsen Centre for Psychosis Research, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Norway; Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Michael Maes
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand; Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand; IMPACT Research Center, Deakin University, Geelong, Australia; Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, State University of Londrina, Londrina, Brazil; Department of Psychiatry, Medical University Plovdiv, Plovdiv, Bulgaria
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Yan-Do R, Duong E, Manning Fox JE, Dai X, Suzuki K, Khan S, Bautista A, Ferdaoussi M, Lyon J, Wu X, Cheley S, MacDonald PE, Braun M. A Glycine-Insulin Autocrine Feedback Loop Enhances Insulin Secretion From Human β-Cells and Is Impaired in Type 2 Diabetes. Diabetes 2016; 65:2311-21. [PMID: 27207556 DOI: 10.2337/db15-1272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2015] [Accepted: 04/26/2016] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
The secretion of insulin from pancreatic islet β-cells is critical for glucose homeostasis. Disrupted insulin secretion underlies almost all forms of diabetes, including the most common form, type 2 diabetes (T2D). The control of insulin secretion is complex and affected by circulating nutrients, neuronal inputs, and local signaling. In the current study, we examined the contribution of glycine, an amino acid and neurotransmitter that activates ligand-gated Cl(-) currents, to insulin secretion from islets of human donors with and without T2D. We find that human islet β-cells express glycine receptors (GlyR), notably the GlyRα1 subunit, and the glycine transporter (GlyT) isoforms GlyT1 and GlyT2. β-Cells exhibit significant glycine-induced Cl(-) currents that promote membrane depolarization, Ca(2+) entry, and insulin secretion from β-cells from donors without T2D. However, GlyRα1 expression and glycine-induced currents are reduced in β-cells from donors with T2D. Glycine is actively cleared by the GlyT expressed within β-cells, which store and release glycine that acts in an autocrine manner. Finally, a significant positive relationship exists between insulin and GlyR, because insulin enhances the glycine-activated current in a phosphoinositide 3-kinase-dependent manner, a positive feedback loop that we find is completely lost in β-cells from donors with T2D.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard Yan-Do
- Department of Pharmacology and Alberta Diabetes Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Eric Duong
- Department of Pharmacology and Alberta Diabetes Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Jocelyn E Manning Fox
- Department of Pharmacology and Alberta Diabetes Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Xiaoqing Dai
- Department of Pharmacology and Alberta Diabetes Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Kunimasa Suzuki
- Department of Pharmacology and Alberta Diabetes Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Shara Khan
- Department of Pharmacology and Alberta Diabetes Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Austin Bautista
- Department of Pharmacology and Alberta Diabetes Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Mourad Ferdaoussi
- Department of Pharmacology and Alberta Diabetes Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - James Lyon
- Department of Pharmacology and Alberta Diabetes Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Xichen Wu
- Department of Pharmacology and Alberta Diabetes Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Stephen Cheley
- Department of Pharmacology and Alberta Diabetes Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Patrick E MacDonald
- Department of Pharmacology and Alberta Diabetes Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Matthias Braun
- Department of Pharmacology and Alberta Diabetes Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
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Hellmuth C, Kirchberg FF, Lass N, Harder U, Peissner W, Koletzko B, Reinehr T. Tyrosine Is Associated with Insulin Resistance in Longitudinal Metabolomic Profiling of Obese Children. J Diabetes Res 2016; 2016:2108909. [PMID: 26881241 PMCID: PMC4736430 DOI: 10.1155/2016/2108909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2015] [Revised: 08/28/2015] [Accepted: 09/06/2015] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
In obese children, hyperinsulinaemia induces adverse metabolic consequences related to the risk of cardiovascular and other disorders. Branched-chain amino acids (BCAA) and acylcarnitines (Carn), involved in amino acid (AA) degradation, were linked to obesity-associated insulin resistance, but these associations yet have not been studied longitudinally in obese children. We studied 80 obese children before and after a one-year lifestyle intervention programme inducing substantial weight loss >0.5 BMI standard deviation scores in 40 children and no weight loss in another 40 children. At baseline and after the 1-year intervention, we assessed insulin resistance (HOMA index), fasting glucose, HbA1c, 2 h glucose in an oral glucose tolerance test, AA, and Carn. BMI adjusted metabolite levels were associated with clinical markers at baseline and after intervention, and changes with the intervention period were evaluated. Only tyrosine was significantly associated with HOMA (p < 0.05) at baseline and end and with change during the intervention (p < 0.05). In contrast, ratios depicting BCAA metabolism were negatively associated with HOMA at baseline (p < 0.05), but not in the longitudinal profiling. Stratified analysis revealed that the children with substantial weight loss drove this association. We conclude that tyrosine alterations in association with insulin resistance precede alteration in BCAA metabolism. This trial is registered with ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier NCT00435734.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Hellmuth
- Division of Metabolic and Nutritional Medicine, Dr. von Hauner Children's Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-University of Munich, Lindwurmstraße 4, 80337 Munich, Germany
| | - Franca Fabiana Kirchberg
- Division of Metabolic and Nutritional Medicine, Dr. von Hauner Children's Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-University of Munich, Lindwurmstraße 4, 80337 Munich, Germany
| | - Nina Lass
- Department of Pediatric Endocrinology, Diabetes and Nutrition Medicine, Vestische Hospital for Children and Adolescents, University of Witten-Herdecke, Dr. Friedrich Steiner Strasse 5, 45711 Datteln, Germany
| | - Ulrike Harder
- Division of Metabolic and Nutritional Medicine, Dr. von Hauner Children's Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-University of Munich, Lindwurmstraße 4, 80337 Munich, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Peissner
- Division of Metabolic and Nutritional Medicine, Dr. von Hauner Children's Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-University of Munich, Lindwurmstraße 4, 80337 Munich, Germany
| | - Berthold Koletzko
- Division of Metabolic and Nutritional Medicine, Dr. von Hauner Children's Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-University of Munich, Lindwurmstraße 4, 80337 Munich, Germany
- *Berthold Koletzko:
| | - Thomas Reinehr
- Department of Pediatric Endocrinology, Diabetes and Nutrition Medicine, Vestische Hospital for Children and Adolescents, University of Witten-Herdecke, Dr. Friedrich Steiner Strasse 5, 45711 Datteln, Germany
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