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Gil S, Im KI, Kim N, Lee J, Na H, Min GJ, Cho SG. Mesenchymal stem cells preconditioned with a TLR5 agonist enhanced immunoregulatory effect through M2 macrophage polarization in a murine graft-versus-host disease model. Int J Med Sci 2024; 21:1649-1660. [PMID: 39006841 PMCID: PMC11241100 DOI: 10.7150/ijms.93121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2023] [Accepted: 06/01/2024] [Indexed: 07/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) is a common complication following hematopoietic stem cell transplantation and can be life-threatening. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), adult stem cells with immunomodulatory properties, have been used as therapeutic agents in a variety of ways and have demonstrated efficacy against acute GVHD (aGVHD); however, variability in MSC pro- and anti-inflammatory properties and the limitation that they only exhibit immunosuppressive effects at high levels of inflammation have prevented their widespread clinical use. The outcomes of GVHD treated with MSCs in the clinic have been variable, and the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. Therefore, the unique biological effects of Toll-like receptor 5 (TLR5) agonists led us to compare and validate the efficacy of MSCs primed with KMRC011, a TLR5 agonist. KMRC011 is a stimulant that induces the secretion of cytokines, which play an important role in immune regulation. In this study, we found that MSCs pretreated with KMRC011 increased the secretion of immunosuppressive cytokines indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase (IDO) and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX2) and increased the expression of M2 macrophage polarizing cytokines macrophage colony-stimulating factor (M-CSF) and interleukin 10 (IL-10) in vitro. We investigated the immunosuppressive effects of TLR5 agonist (KMRC011)-primed MSCs on lymphocytes and their preventive and therapeutic effects on an in vivo mouse aGVHD model. In vitro experiments showed that KMRC011-primed MSCs had enhanced immunosuppressive effects on lymphocyte proliferation. In vivo experiments showed that KMRC011-primed MSCs ameliorated GVHD severity in a mouse model of induced GVHD disease. Finally, macrophages harvested from the spleens of mice treated with KMRC011-primed MSCs showed a significant increase in the anti-inflammatory M2 phenotype. Overall, the results suggest that KMRC011-primed MSCs attenuated GVHD severity in mice by polarizing macrophages to the M2 phenotype and increasing the proportion of anti-inflammatory cells, opening new horizons for GVHD treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sojin Gil
- Institute for Translational Research and Molecular Imaging, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Department of Biomedicine & Health Sciences, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Keon-Il Im
- Institute for Translational Research and Molecular Imaging, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Nayoun Kim
- Institute for Translational Research and Molecular Imaging, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Junseok Lee
- Institute for Translational Research and Molecular Imaging, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Department of Biomedicine & Health Sciences, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyemin Na
- Institute for Translational Research and Molecular Imaging, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Department of Biomedicine & Health Sciences, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Gi-June Min
- Institute for Translational Research and Molecular Imaging, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Department of Hematology, Seoul St. Mary's Hematology Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Seok-Goo Cho
- Institute for Translational Research and Molecular Imaging, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Department of Biomedicine & Health Sciences, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Department of Hematology, Seoul St. Mary's Hematology Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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2
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Hetta HF, Elsaghir A, Sijercic VC, Akhtar MS, Gad SA, Moses A, Zeleke MS, Alanazi FE, Ahmed AK, Ramadan YN. Mesenchymal stem cell therapy in diabetic foot ulcer: An updated comprehensive review. Health Sci Rep 2024; 7:e2036. [PMID: 38650719 PMCID: PMC11033295 DOI: 10.1002/hsr2.2036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2023] [Revised: 02/06/2024] [Accepted: 03/19/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Diabetes has evolved into a worldwide public health issue. One of the most serious complications of diabetes is diabetic foot ulcer (DFU), which frequently creates a significant financial strain on patients and lowers their quality of life. Up until now, there has been no curative therapy for DFU, only symptomatic relief or an interruption in the disease's progression. Recent studies have focused attention on mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), which provide innovative and potential treatment candidates for several illnesses as they can differentiate into various cell types. They are mostly extracted from the placenta, adipose tissue, umbilical cord (UC), and bone marrow (BM). Regardless of their origin, they show comparable features and small deviations. Our goal is to investigate MSCs' therapeutic effects, application obstacles, and patient benefit strategies for DFU therapy. Methodology A comprehensive search was conducted using specific keywords relating to DFU, MSCs, and connected topics in the databases of Medline, Scopus, Web of Science, and PubMed. The main focus of the selection criteria was on English-language literature that explored the relationship between DFU, MSCs, and related factors. Results and Discussion Numerous studies are being conducted and have demonstrated that MSCs can induce re-epithelialization and angiogenesis, decrease inflammation, contribute to immunological modulation, and subsequently promote DFU healing, making them a promising approach to treating DFU. This review article provides a general snapshot of DFU (including clinical presentation, risk factors and etiopathogenesis, and conventional treatment) and discusses the clinical progress of MSCs in the management of DFU, taking into consideration the side effects and challenges during the application of MSCs and how to overcome these challenges to achieve maximum benefits. Conclusion The incorporation of MSCs in the management of DFU highlights their potential as a feasible therapeutic strategy. Establishing a comprehensive understanding of the complex relationship between DFU pathophysiology, MSC therapies, and related obstacles is essential for optimizing therapy outcomes and maximizing patient benefits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helal F. Hetta
- Division of Microbiology, Immunology and Biotechnology, Department of Natural Products and Alternative MedicineFaculty of Pharmacy, University of TabukTabukSaudi Arabia
- Department of Medical Microbiology and ImmunologyFaculty of Medicine, Assiut UniversityAssiutEgypt
| | - Alaa Elsaghir
- Department of Microbiology and ImmunologyFaculty of Pharmacy, Assiut UniversityAssiutEgypt
| | | | | | - Sayed A. Gad
- Faculty of Medicine, Assiut UniversityAssiutEgypt
| | | | - Mahlet S. Zeleke
- Menelik II Medical and Health Science College, Kotebe Metropolitan UniversityAddis AbabaEthiopia
| | - Fawaz E. Alanazi
- Department of Pharmacology and ToxicologyFaculty of Pharmacy, University of TabukTabukSaudi Arabia
| | | | - Yasmin N. Ramadan
- Department of Microbiology and ImmunologyFaculty of Pharmacy, Assiut UniversityAssiutEgypt
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3
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Miceli V. Use of priming strategies to advance the clinical application of mesenchymal stromal/stem cell-based therapy. World J Stem Cells 2024; 16:7-18. [PMID: 38292438 PMCID: PMC10824041 DOI: 10.4252/wjsc.v16.i1.7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2023] [Revised: 12/18/2023] [Accepted: 12/28/2023] [Indexed: 01/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stromal/stem cells (MSCs) have garnered significant attention in the field of regenerative medicine due to their remarkable therapeutic potential. MSCs play a pivotal role in maintaining tissue homeostasis and possess diverse functions in tissue repair and recovery in various organs. These cells are characterized by easy accessibility, few ethical concerns, and adaptability to in vitro cultures, making them a valuable resource for cell therapy in several clinical conditions. Over the years, it has been shown that the true therapeutic power of MSCs lies not in cell engraftment and replacement but in their ability to produce critical paracrine factors, including cytokines, growth factors, and exosomes (EXOs), which modulate the tissue microenvironment and facilitate repair and regeneration processes. Consequently, MSC-derived products, such as conditioned media and EXOs, are now being extensively evaluated for their potential medical applications, offering advantages over the long-term use of whole MSCs. However, the efficacy of MSC-based treatments varies in clinical trials due to both intrinsic differences resulting from the choice of diverse cell sources and non-standardized production methods. To address these concerns and to enhance MSC therapeutic potential, researchers have explored many priming strategies, including exposure to inflammatory molecules, hypoxic conditions, and three-dimensional culture techniques. These approaches have optimized MSC secretion of functional factors, empowering them with enhanced immunomodulatory, angiogenic, and regenerative properties tailored to specific medical conditions. In fact, various priming strategies show promise in the treatment of numerous diseases, from immune-related disorders to acute injuries and cancer. Currently, in order to exploit the full therapeutic potential of MSC therapy, the most important challenge is to optimize the modulation of MSCs to obtain adapted cell therapy for specific clinical disorders. In other words, to unlock the complete potential of MSCs in regenerative medicine, it is crucial to identify the most suitable tissue source and develop in vitro manipulation protocols specific to the type of disease being treated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vitale Miceli
- Department of Research, Istituto Mediterraneo per i Trapianti e Terapie ad alta Specializzazione, Palermo 90127, Italy.
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4
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Rivas IL, Soltero-Rivera M, Vapniarsky N, Arzi B. Stromal cell therapy in cats with feline chronic gingivostomatitis: current perspectives and future direction. J Feline Med Surg 2023; 25:1098612X231185395. [PMID: 37548494 PMCID: PMC10811994 DOI: 10.1177/1098612x231185395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/08/2023]
Abstract
Feline chronic gingivostomatitis (FCGS) is a painful, immune-mediated, oral mucosal inflammatory disease in cats. The etiology of FCGS remains unclear, with evidence pointing potentially toward a viral cause. Full-mouth tooth extraction is the current standard of care, and cats that are non-responsive to extraction therapy may need lifelong medical management and, in some cases, euthanasia. Adipose-derived mesenchymal stromal cells (adMSCs) have been demonstrated to have advantages in the treatment and potentially the cure of non-responsive FCGS in cats. Therefore, adMSCs have attracted a series of ongoing clinical trials in the past decade. AdMSC therapy immediately after full-mouth tooth extraction was not explored, and we postulate that it may benefit the overall success rate of FCGS therapy. Here, we aim to summarize the current knowledge and impact of adMSCs for the therapeutic management of FCGS and to suggest a novel modified approach to further increase the efficacy of FCGS treatment in cats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iris L Rivas
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Maria Soltero-Rivera
- Department of Surgical and Radiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Natalia Vapniarsky
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
- Veterinary Institute for Regenerative Cures, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Boaz Arzi
- Department of Surgical and Radiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
- Veterinary Institute for Regenerative Cures, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
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5
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Kun-Varga A, Gubán B, Miklós V, Parvaneh S, Guba M, Szűcs D, Monostori T, Varga J, Varga Á, Rázga Z, Bata-Csörgő Z, Kemény L, Megyeri K, Veréb Z. Herpes Simplex Virus Infection Alters the Immunological Properties of Adipose-Tissue-Derived Mesenchymal-Stem Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:11989. [PMID: 37569367 PMCID: PMC10418794 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241511989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2023] [Revised: 06/20/2023] [Accepted: 06/26/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023] Open
Abstract
The proper functioning of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) is of paramount importance for the homeostasis of the body. Inflammation and infection can alter the function of MSCs, which can also affect the regenerative potential and immunological status of tissues. It is not known whether human herpes simplex viruses 1 and 2 (HSV1 and HSV2), well-known human pathogens that can cause lifelong infections, can induce changes in MSCs. In non-healing ulcers, HSV infection is known to affect deeper tissue layers. In addition, HSV infection can recur after initially successful cell therapies. Our aim was to study the response of adipose-derived MSCs (ADMSCs) to HSV infection in vitro. After confirming the phenotype and differentiation capacity of the isolated cells, we infected the cells in vitro with HSV1-KOS, HSV1-532 and HSV2 virus strains. Twenty-four hours after infection, we examined the gene expression of the cells via RNA-seq and RT-PCR; detected secreted cytokines via protein array; and determined autophagy via Western blot, transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and fluorescence microscopy. Infection with different HSV strains resulted in different gene-expression patterns. In addition to the activation of pathways characteristic of viral infections, distinct non-immunological pathways (autophagy, tissue regeneration and differentiation) were also activated according to analyses with QIAGEN Ingenuity Pathway Analysis, Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genome and Genome Ontology Enrichment. Viral infections increased autophagy, as confirmed via TEM image analysis, and also increased levels of the microtubule-associated protein light chain 3 (LC3B) II protein. We identified significantly altered accumulation for 16 cytokines involved in tissue regeneration and inflammation. Our studies demonstrated that HSV infection can alter the viability and immunological status of ADMSCs, which may have implications for ADMSC-based cell therapies. Alterations in autophagy can affect numerous processes in MSCs, including the inhibition of tissue regeneration as well as pathological differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anikó Kun-Varga
- Regenerative Medicine and Cellular Pharmacology Laboratory, Department of Dermatology and Allergology, University of Szeged, H-6720 Szeged, Hungary; (A.K.-V.); (B.G.); (M.G.); (D.S.); (T.M.); (L.K.)
- Doctoral School of Clinical Medicine, University of Szeged, H-6720 Szeged, Hungary
| | - Barbara Gubán
- Regenerative Medicine and Cellular Pharmacology Laboratory, Department of Dermatology and Allergology, University of Szeged, H-6720 Szeged, Hungary; (A.K.-V.); (B.G.); (M.G.); (D.S.); (T.M.); (L.K.)
| | - Vanda Miklós
- Biobank, University of Szeged, H-6720 Szeged, Hungary;
| | - Shahram Parvaneh
- HCEMM-SZTE Skin Research Group, University of Szeged, H-6720 Szeged, Hungary; (S.P.); (Z.B.-C.)
| | - Melinda Guba
- Regenerative Medicine and Cellular Pharmacology Laboratory, Department of Dermatology and Allergology, University of Szeged, H-6720 Szeged, Hungary; (A.K.-V.); (B.G.); (M.G.); (D.S.); (T.M.); (L.K.)
- Interdisciplinary Research Development and Innovation Center of Excellence, University of Szeged, H-6720 Szeged, Hungary
| | - Diána Szűcs
- Regenerative Medicine and Cellular Pharmacology Laboratory, Department of Dermatology and Allergology, University of Szeged, H-6720 Szeged, Hungary; (A.K.-V.); (B.G.); (M.G.); (D.S.); (T.M.); (L.K.)
- Interdisciplinary Research Development and Innovation Center of Excellence, University of Szeged, H-6720 Szeged, Hungary
| | - Tamás Monostori
- Regenerative Medicine and Cellular Pharmacology Laboratory, Department of Dermatology and Allergology, University of Szeged, H-6720 Szeged, Hungary; (A.K.-V.); (B.G.); (M.G.); (D.S.); (T.M.); (L.K.)
- Interdisciplinary Research Development and Innovation Center of Excellence, University of Szeged, H-6720 Szeged, Hungary
| | - János Varga
- Dermatosurgery and Plastic Surgery Unit, Department of Dermatology and Allergology, University of Szeged, H-6720 Szeged, Hungary; (J.V.); (Á.V.)
| | - Ákos Varga
- Dermatosurgery and Plastic Surgery Unit, Department of Dermatology and Allergology, University of Szeged, H-6720 Szeged, Hungary; (J.V.); (Á.V.)
| | - Zsolt Rázga
- Department of Pathology, University of Szeged, H-6720 Szeged, Hungary;
| | - Zsuzsanna Bata-Csörgő
- HCEMM-SZTE Skin Research Group, University of Szeged, H-6720 Szeged, Hungary; (S.P.); (Z.B.-C.)
| | - Lajos Kemény
- Regenerative Medicine and Cellular Pharmacology Laboratory, Department of Dermatology and Allergology, University of Szeged, H-6720 Szeged, Hungary; (A.K.-V.); (B.G.); (M.G.); (D.S.); (T.M.); (L.K.)
- HCEMM-SZTE Skin Research Group, University of Szeged, H-6720 Szeged, Hungary; (S.P.); (Z.B.-C.)
- Interdisciplinary Research Development and Innovation Center of Excellence, University of Szeged, H-6720 Szeged, Hungary
| | - Klára Megyeri
- Department of Medical Microbiology, University of Szeged, H-6720 Szeged, Hungary;
| | - Zoltán Veréb
- Regenerative Medicine and Cellular Pharmacology Laboratory, Department of Dermatology and Allergology, University of Szeged, H-6720 Szeged, Hungary; (A.K.-V.); (B.G.); (M.G.); (D.S.); (T.M.); (L.K.)
- Biobank, University of Szeged, H-6720 Szeged, Hungary;
- Interdisciplinary Research Development and Innovation Center of Excellence, University of Szeged, H-6720 Szeged, Hungary
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6
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Devi A, Pahuja I, Singh SP, Verma A, Bhattacharya D, Bhaskar A, Dwivedi VP, Das G. Revisiting the role of mesenchymal stem cells in tuberculosis and other infectious diseases. Cell Mol Immunol 2023; 20:600-612. [PMID: 37173422 PMCID: PMC10176304 DOI: 10.1038/s41423-023-01028-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2022] [Accepted: 03/29/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) play diverse roles ranging from regeneration and wound healing to immune signaling. Recent investigations have indicated the crucial role of these multipotent stem cells in regulating various aspects of the immune system. MSCs express unique signaling molecules and secrete various soluble factors that play critical roles in modulating and shaping immune responses, and in some other cases, MSCs can also exert direct antimicrobial effects, thereby helping with the eradication of invading organisms. Recently, it has been demonstrated that MSCs are recruited at the periphery of the granuloma containing Mycobacterium tuberculosis and exert "Janus"-like functions by harboring pathogens and mediating host protective immune responses. This leads to the establishment of a dynamic balance between the host and the pathogen. MSCs function through various immunomodulatory factors such as nitric oxide (NO), IDO, and immunosuppressive cytokines. Recently, our group has shown that M.tb uses MSCs as a niche to evade host protective immune surveillance mechanisms and establish dormancy. MSCs also express a large number of ABC efflux pumps; therefore, dormant M.tb residing in MSCs are exposed to a suboptimal dose of drugs. Therefore, it is highly likely that drug resistance is coupled with dormancy and originates within MSCs. In this review, we discussed various immunomodulatory properties of MSCs, their interactions with important immune cells, and soluble factors. We also discussed the possible roles of MSCs in the outcome of multiple infections and in shaping the immune system, which may provide insight into therapeutic approaches using these cells in different infection models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annu Devi
- Special Centre for Molecular Medicine, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, India
| | - Isha Pahuja
- Immunobiology Group, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, New Delhi, India
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Jamia Hamdard University, New Delhi, India
| | - Shashi Prakash Singh
- Special Centre for Molecular Medicine, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, India
| | - Akanksha Verma
- Immunobiology Group, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, New Delhi, India
| | | | - Ashima Bhaskar
- Immunobiology Group, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, New Delhi, India
| | - Ved Prakash Dwivedi
- Immunobiology Group, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, New Delhi, India.
| | - Gobardhan Das
- Special Centre for Molecular Medicine, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, India.
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7
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Yudhawati R, Shimizu K. PGE2 Produced by Exogenous MSCs Promotes Immunoregulation in ARDS Induced by Highly Pathogenic Influenza A through Activation of the Wnt-β-Catenin Signaling Pathway. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24087299. [PMID: 37108459 PMCID: PMC10138595 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24087299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2023] [Revised: 04/12/2023] [Accepted: 04/13/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Acute respiratory distress syndrome is an acute respiratory failure caused by cytokine storms; highly pathogenic influenza A virus infection can induce cytokine storms. The innate immune response is vital in this cytokine storm, acting by activating the transcription factor NF-κB. Tissue injury releases a danger-associated molecular pattern that provides positive feedback for NF-κB activation. Exogenous mesenchymal stem cells can also modulate immune responses by producing potent immunosuppressive substances, such as prostaglandin E2. Prostaglandin E2 is a critical mediator that regulates various physiological and pathological processes through autocrine or paracrine mechanisms. Activation of prostaglandin E2 results in the accumulation of unphosphorylated β-catenin in the cytoplasm, which subsequently reaches the nucleus to inhibit the transcription factor NF-κB. The inhibition of NF-κB by β-catenin is a mechanism that reduces inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Resti Yudhawati
- Department of Pulmonology and Respiratory Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Airlangga-Dr. Soetomo General Academic Hospital, Surabaya 60286, Indonesia
- Indonesia-Japan Collaborative Research Center for Emerging and Re-Emerging Infectious Diseases, Institute of Tropical Disease, Airlangga University, Surabaya 60286, Indonesia
| | - Kazufumi Shimizu
- Indonesia-Japan Collaborative Research Center for Emerging and Re-Emerging Infectious Diseases, Institute of Tropical Disease, Airlangga University, Surabaya 60286, Indonesia
- Center for Infectious Diseases, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe 650-0017, Japan
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8
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Khandelwal V, Sharma T, Gupta S, Singh S, Sharma MK, Parashar D, Kashyap VK. Stem cell therapy: a novel approach against emerging and re-emerging viral infections with special reference to SARS-CoV-2. Mol Biol Rep 2023; 50:2663-2683. [PMID: 36536185 PMCID: PMC9762873 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-022-07957-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2022] [Accepted: 09/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The past several decades have witnessed the emergence and re-emergence of many infectious viral agents, flaviviruses, influenza, filoviruses, alphaviruses, and coronaviruses since the advent of human deficiency virus (HIV). Some of them even become serious threats to public health and have raised major global health concerns. Several different medicinal compounds such as anti-viral, anti-malarial, and anti-inflammatory agents, are under investigation for the treatment of these viral diseases. These therapies are effective improving recovery rates and overall survival of patients but are unable to heal lung damage caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). Therefore, there is a critical need to identify effective treatments to combat this unmet clinical need. Due to its antioxidant and immunomodulatory properties, stem cell therapy is considered a novel approach to regenerate damaged lungs and reduce inflammation. Stem cell therapy uses a heterogeneous subset of regenerative cells that can be harvested from various adult tissue types and is gaining popularity due to its prodigious regenerative potential as well as immunomodulatory and anti-inflammatory properties. These cells retain expression of cluster of differentiation markers (CD markers), interferon-stimulated gene (ISG), reduce expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines and, show a rapid proliferation rate, which makes them an attractive tool for cellular therapies and to treat various inflammatory and viral-induced injuries. By examining various clinical studies, this review demonstrates positive considerations for the implications of stem cell therapy and presents a necessary approach for treating virally induced infections in patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vishal Khandelwal
- Department of Biotechnology, GLA University, Mathura, Uttar Pradesh, 281406, India
| | - Tarubala Sharma
- Department of Biotechnology, GLA University, Mathura, Uttar Pradesh, 281406, India
| | - Saurabh Gupta
- Department of Biotechnology, GLA University, Mathura, Uttar Pradesh, 281406, India
| | - Shoorvir Singh
- Department of Biotechnology, GLA University, Mathura, Uttar Pradesh, 281406, India
| | - Manish Kumar Sharma
- Department of Microbiology, Dr. Ram Manohar Lohia Avadh University, Faizabad, Uttar Pradesh, 224001, India
| | - Deepak Parashar
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, 53226, USA.
| | - Vivek K Kashyap
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, School of Medicine, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, McAllen, TX, 78504, USA. .,South Texas Center of Excellence in Cancer Research, School of Medicine, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, McAllen, TX, 78504, USA.
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9
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Gudauskaitė G, Kairienė I, Ivaškienė T, Rascon J, Mobasheri A. Therapeutic Perspectives for the Clinical Application of Umbilical Cord Hematopoietic and Mesenchymal Stem Cells: Overcoming Complications Arising After Allogeneic Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2023; 1409:111-126. [PMID: 35995905 DOI: 10.1007/5584_2022_726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/15/2022]
Abstract
This review focuses on the therapeutic features of umbilical cord blood (UCB) cells as a source for allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (aHSCT) in adult and child populations to treat malignant and nonmalignant hematologic diseases, genetic disorders, or pathologies of the immune system, when standard treatment (e.g., chemotherapy) is not effective or clinically contraindicated. In this article, we summarize the immunological properties and the advantages and disadvantages of using UCB stem cells and discuss a variety of treatment outcomes using different sources of stem cells from different donors both in adults and pediatric population. We also highlight the critical properties (total nucleated cell dose depending on HLA compatibility) of UCB cells that reach better survival rates, reveal the advantages of double versus single cord blood unit transplantation, and present recommendations from the most recent studies. Moreover, we summarize the mechanism of action and potential benefit of mesenchymal umbilical cord cells and indicate the most common posttransplantation complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Greta Gudauskaitė
- State Research Institute Centre for Innovative Medicine, Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Ignė Kairienė
- Faculty of Medicine, Vilnius University, Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Tatjana Ivaškienė
- State Research Institute Centre for Innovative Medicine, Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Jelena Rascon
- Faculty of Medicine, Vilnius University, Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Ali Mobasheri
- State Research Institute Centre for Innovative Medicine, Vilnius, Lithuania.
- Research Unit of Medical Imaging, Physics and Technology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland.
- Department of Joint Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.
- World Health Organization Collaborating Centre for Public Health Aspects of Musculoskeletal Health and Aging, Université de Liège, Liège, Belgium.
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10
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Febre M, Saulnier N, Roux P, Boutoille F, Girard N, Robert C, Rakic R, Rosset E, Maddens S. Placenta‐derived mesenchymal stromal cells as a treatment for refractory chronic gingivostomatitis in cats: eight cases (2018). J Small Anim Pract 2022; 64:296-305. [PMID: 36573276 DOI: 10.1111/jsap.13583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2021] [Revised: 09/16/2022] [Accepted: 10/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The aim of this case series was to collect preliminary data on safety and efficacy of treating cats suffering from refractory feline chronic gingivostomatitis with a single intravenous therapy of cryopreserved placenta-derived mesenchymal stromal cells. MATERIALS AND METHODS We planned the prospective inclusion of cats suffering from refractory chronic gingivostomatitis in three veterinary clinics. All cats received a single infusion of 10×106 cryopreserved cells. Follow-up evaluations were done at day 15 and at 2-, 3- and 6-months following infusion. Clinical disease severity was evaluated by dental specialists using a published stomatitis disease activity index scoring system coupled with an owners' assessment questionnaire. RESULTS All eight cats attended all follow up visits. Cryopreserved ready-to-use placenta-derived cells administered systemically were safe and resulted in notable clinical improvement in all cats as reported by stomatitis disease activity index scoring and owner's survey. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE Infusion of cryopreserved freshly thawed placenta-derived mesenchymal stromal cells appears to promote clinical and consequently behavioural benefits in cats with refractory chronic gingivostomatitis after having undergone full-mouth or premolar-molar tooth extraction. Future randomised studies are required to confirm safety and efficacy of this treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- M. Febre
- Vetbiobank SASMarcy‐l'ÉtoileFrance
| | | | - P. Roux
- DentovetLausanne, SuisseSwitzerland
| | | | | | | | - R. Rakic
- Vetbiobank SASMarcy‐l'ÉtoileFrance
| | - E. Rosset
- CHUVAC—VetAgro sup‐campus vétérinaireMarcy‐l'ÉtoileFrance
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11
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Han HT, Jin WL, Li X. Mesenchymal stem cells-based therapy in liver diseases. MOLECULAR BIOMEDICINE 2022; 3:23. [PMID: 35895169 PMCID: PMC9326420 DOI: 10.1186/s43556-022-00088-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2022] [Accepted: 06/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Multiple immune cells and their products in the liver together form a complex and unique immune microenvironment, and preclinical models have demonstrated the importance of imbalances in the hepatic immune microenvironment in liver inflammatory diseases and immunocompromised liver diseases. Various immunotherapies have been attempted to modulate the hepatic immune microenvironment for the purpose of treating liver diseases. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have a comprehensive and plastic immunomodulatory capacity. On the one hand, they have been tried for the treatment of inflammatory liver diseases because of their excellent immunosuppressive capacity; On the other hand, MSCs have immune-enhancing properties in immunocompromised settings and can be modified into cellular carriers for targeted transport of immune enhancers by genetic modification, physical and chemical loading, and thus they are also used in the treatment of immunocompromised liver diseases such as chronic viral infections and hepatocellular carcinoma. In this review, we discuss the immunological basis and recent strategies of MSCs for the treatment of the aforementioned liver diseases. Specifically, we update the immune microenvironment of the liver and summarize the distinct mechanisms of immune microenvironment imbalance in inflammatory diseases and immunocompromised liver diseases, and how MSCs can fully exploit their immunotherapeutic role in liver diseases with both immune imbalance patterns.
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12
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Baranovskii DS, Klabukov ID, Arguchinskaya NV, Yakimova AO, Kisel AA, Yatsenko EM, Ivanov SA, Shegay PV, Kaprin AD. Adverse events, side effects and complications in mesenchymal stromal cell-based therapies. Stem Cell Investig 2022; 9:7. [PMID: 36393919 PMCID: PMC9659480 DOI: 10.21037/sci-2022-025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2022] [Accepted: 10/28/2022] [Indexed: 07/22/2023]
Abstract
Numerous clinical studies have shown a wide clinical potential of mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) application. However, recent experience has accumulated numerous reports of adverse events and side effects associated with MSCs therapy. Furthermore, the strategies and methods of MSCs therapy did not change significantly in recent decades despite the clinical impact and awareness of potential complications. An extended understanding of limitations could lead to a wider clinical implementation of safe cell therapies and avoid harmful approaches. Therefore, our objective was to summarize the possible negative effects observed during MSCs-based therapies. We were also aimed to discuss the risks caused by weaknesses in cell processing, including isolation, culturing, and storage. Cell processing and cell culture could dramatically influence cell population profile, change protein expression and cell differentiation paving the way for future negative effects. Long-term cell culture led to accumulation of chromosomal abnormalities. Overdosed antibiotics in culture media enhanced the risk of mycoplasma contamination. Clinical trials reported thromboembolism and fibrosis as the most common adverse events of MSCs therapy. Their delayed manifestation generally depends on the patient's individual phenotype and requires specific awareness during the clinical trials with obligatory inclusion in the patient' informed consents. Finally we prepared the safety checklist, recommended for clinical specialists before administration or planning of MSCs therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Denis S. Baranovskii
- National Medical Research Radiological Center of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Obninsk, Russia
- Peoples’ Friendship University of Russia (RUDN University), Moscow, Russia
| | - Ilya D. Klabukov
- National Medical Research Radiological Center of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Obninsk, Russia
- Peoples’ Friendship University of Russia (RUDN University), Moscow, Russia
- Obninsk Institute for Nuclear Power Engineering of the National Research Nuclear University MEPhI, Obninsk, Russia
| | - Nadezhda V. Arguchinskaya
- National Medical Research Radiological Center of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Obninsk, Russia
| | - Anna O. Yakimova
- National Medical Research Radiological Center of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Obninsk, Russia
| | - Anastas A. Kisel
- National Medical Research Radiological Center of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Obninsk, Russia
| | - Elena M. Yatsenko
- National Medical Research Radiological Center of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Obninsk, Russia
| | - Sergei A. Ivanov
- National Medical Research Radiological Center of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Obninsk, Russia
| | - Peter V. Shegay
- National Medical Research Radiological Center of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Obninsk, Russia
| | - Andrey D. Kaprin
- National Medical Research Radiological Center of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Obninsk, Russia
- Peoples’ Friendship University of Russia (RUDN University), Moscow, Russia
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13
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Sharma A, Kulkarni R, Sane H, Awad N, Bopardikar A, Joshi A, Baweja S, Joshi M, Vishwanathan C, Gokulchandran N, Badhe P, Khan M, Paranjape A, Kulkarni P, Methal AK. Phase 1 clinical trial for intravenous administration of mesenchymal stem cells derived from umbilical cord and placenta in patients with moderate COVID-19 virus pneumonia: results of stage 1 of the study. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF STEM CELLS 2022; 11:37-55. [PMID: 35873716 PMCID: PMC9301142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2022] [Accepted: 06/10/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Mesenchymal stem cells can serve as a therapeutic option for COVID-19. Their immunomodulatory and anti-inflammatory properties can regulate the exaggerated inflammatory response and promote recovery of lung damage. METHOD Phase-1, single-centre open-label, prospective clinical trial was conducted to evaluate the safety and efficacy of intravenous administration of mesenchymal stem cells derived from umbilical cord and placenta in moderate COVID-19. The study was done in 2 stages with total 20 patients. Herein, the results of stage 1 including first 10 patients receiving 100 million cells on day 1 and 4 with a follow up of 6 months have been discussed. RESULTS No adverse events were recorded immediately after the administration of MSCs or on follow up. There was no deterioration observed in clinical, laboratory and radiological parameters. All symptoms of the study group resolved within 10 days. Levels of inflammatory biomarkers such as NLR, CRP, IL6, ferritin and D-dimer improved in all patients after intervention along with improved oxygenation demonstrated by improvement in the SpO2/FiO2 ratio and PaO2/FiO2 ratio. None of the patients progressed to severe stage. 9 out of 10 patients were discharged within 9 days of their admission. Improvements were noted in chest x-ray and chest CT scan scores at day 7 in most patients. No post-covid fibrosis was observed on chest CT 28 days after intervention and Chest X ray after 6 months of the intervention. CONCLUSION Administration of 100 million mesenchymal stem cells in combination with standard treatment was found to be safe and resulted in prevention of the cytokine storm, halting of the disease progression and acceleration of recovery in moderate COVID-19. This clinical trial has been registered with the Clinical Trial Registry- India (CTRI) as CTRI/2020/08/027043. http://www.ctri.nic.in/Clinicaltrials/pmaindet2.php?trialid=43175.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alok Sharma
- Department of Neurosurgery, LTMG Hospital and LTM Medical CollegeMumbai, Maharashtra, India
- Department of Medical Services and Clinical Research, NeuroGen Brain & Spine InstituteNavi Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
| | | | - Hemangi Sane
- Department of Research & Development, NeuroGen Brain & Spine InstituteNavi Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
| | - Nilkanth Awad
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, LTMG Hospital and LTM Medical CollegeSion, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
| | | | - Anagha Joshi
- Department of Radiology, LTMG Hospital and LTM Medical CollegeMumbai, Maharashtra, India
| | - Sujata Baweja
- Department of Microbiology, LTMG Hospital and LTM Medical CollegeMumbai, Maharashtra, India
| | - Mohan Joshi
- Dean, LTMG Hospital and LTM Medical CollegeMumbai, Maharashtra, India
| | | | - Nandini Gokulchandran
- Department of Medical Services and Clinical Research, NeuroGen Brain & Spine InstituteNavi Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
| | - Prerna Badhe
- Department of Regenerative Laboratory, NeuroGen Brain and Spine InstituteSeawoods, Navi Maharashtra, India
| | - Mazhar Khan
- Department of Neurosurgery, LTMG Hospital and LTM Medical CollegeMumbai, Maharashtra, India
| | - Amruta Paranjape
- Department of Research & Development, NeuroGen Brain & Spine InstituteNavi Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
| | - Pooja Kulkarni
- Department of Research & Development, NeuroGen Brain & Spine InstituteNavi Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
| | - Arjun K Methal
- Department of Research & Development, NeuroGen Brain & Spine InstituteNavi Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
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Therapeutic Strategy of Mesenchymal-Stem-Cell-Derived Extracellular Vesicles as Regenerative Medicine. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23126480. [PMID: 35742923 PMCID: PMC9224400 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23126480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2022] [Revised: 06/07/2022] [Accepted: 06/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are lipid bilayer membrane particles that play critical roles in intracellular communication through EV-encapsulated informative content, including proteins, lipids, and nucleic acids. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are pluripotent stem cells with self-renewal ability derived from bone marrow, fat, umbilical cord, menstruation blood, pulp, etc., which they use to induce tissue regeneration by their direct recruitment into injured tissues, including the heart, liver, lung, kidney, etc., or secreting factors, such as vascular endothelial growth factor or insulin-like growth factor. Recently, MSC-derived EVs have been shown to have regenerative effects against various diseases, partially due to the post-transcriptional regulation of target genes by miRNAs. Furthermore, EVs have garnered attention as novel drug delivery systems, because they can specially encapsulate various target molecules. In this review, we summarize the regenerative effects and molecular mechanisms of MSC-derived EVs.
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15
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Zavvar M, Yahyapoor A, Baghdadi H, Zargaran S, Assadiasl S, Abdolmohammadi K, Hossein Abooei A, Reza Sattarian M, JalaliFarahani M, Zarei N, Farahvash A, Fatahi Y, Deniz G, Zarebavani M, Nicknam MH. COVID-19 immunotherapy: Treatment based on the immune cell-mediated approaches. Int Immunopharmacol 2022; 107:108655. [PMID: 35248946 PMCID: PMC8872837 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2022.108655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2021] [Revised: 02/21/2022] [Accepted: 02/22/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Multiple efforts are currently underway to control and treat severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), causing coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) worldwide. Despite all efforts, the virus that emerged in Wuhan city has rapidly spread globally and led to a public health emergency of international concern (PHEIC) due to the lack of approved antiviral therapy. Nevertheless, SARS-CoV-2 has had a significant influence on the evolution of cellular therapeutic approaches. Adoptive immune cell therapy is innovative and offers either promising prophylactic or therapy for patients with moderate-to-severe COVID-19. This approach is aimed at developing safety and providing secure and effective therapy in combination with standard therapy for all COVID-19 infected individuals. Based on the effective results of previous studies on both inflammatory and autoimmune diseases, various immune cell therapies against COVID-19 have been reviewed and discussed. It must be considered that the application of cell therapy for treatment and to eliminate infected respiratory cells could result in excessive inflammation, so this treatment must be used in combination with other treatments, despite its many beneficial efforts.
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16
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Villatoro AJ, Martín-Astorga MDC, Alcoholado C, Kazantseva L, Cárdenas C, Fariñas F, Becerra J, Visser R. Secretory Profile of Adipose-Tissue-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells from Cats with Calicivirus-Positive Severe Chronic Gingivostomatitis. Viruses 2022; 14:v14061146. [PMID: 35746618 PMCID: PMC9228153 DOI: 10.3390/v14061146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2022] [Revised: 05/14/2022] [Accepted: 05/22/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The feline calicivirus (FCV) causes infections in cats all over the world and seems to be related to a broad variety of clinical presentations, such as feline chronic gingivostomatitis (FCGS), a severe oral pathology in cats. Although its etiopathogeny is largely unknown, FCV infection is likely to be a main predisposing factor for developing this pathology. During recent years, new strategies for treating FCGS have been proposed, based on the use of mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) and their regenerative and immunomodulatory properties. The main mechanism of action of MSC seems to be paracrine, due to the secretion of many biomolecules with different biological functions (secretome). Currently, several pathologies in humans have been shown to be related to functional alterations of the patient’s MSCs. However, the possible roles that altered MSCs might have in different diseases, including virus-mediated diseases, remain unknown. We have recently demonstrated that the exosomes produced by the adipose-tissue-derived MSCs (fAd-MSCs) from cats suffering from FCV-positive severe and refractory FCGS showed altered protein contents. Based on these findings, the goal of this work was to analyze the proteomic profile of the secretome produced by feline adipose-tissue-derived MSCs (fAd-MSCs) from FCV-positive patients with FCGS, in order to identify differences between them and to increase our knowledge of the etiopathogenesis of this disease. We used high-resolution mass spectrometry and functional enrichment analysis with Gene Ontology to compare the secretomes produced by the fAd-MSCs of healthy and calicivirus-positive FCGS cats. We found that the fAd-MSCs from cats with FCGS had an increased expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines and an altered proteomic profile compared to the secretome produced by cells from healthy cats. These findings help us gain insight on the roles of MSCs and their possible relation to FCGS, and may be useful for selecting specific biomarkers and for identifying new therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio J. Villatoro
- Laboratory of Bioengineering and Tissue Regeneration, Department of Cell Biology, Genetics and Physiology, Biomedical Research Institute of Málaga (IBIMA), University of Málaga, 29071 Málaga, Spain; (A.J.V.); (M.d.C.M.-A.); (C.A.); (L.K.); (J.B.)
- Grupo Ynmun, Inmunología Clínica y Terapia Celular (IMMUNESTEM), 29071 Málaga, Spain
| | - María del Carmen Martín-Astorga
- Laboratory of Bioengineering and Tissue Regeneration, Department of Cell Biology, Genetics and Physiology, Biomedical Research Institute of Málaga (IBIMA), University of Málaga, 29071 Málaga, Spain; (A.J.V.); (M.d.C.M.-A.); (C.A.); (L.K.); (J.B.)
| | - Cristina Alcoholado
- Laboratory of Bioengineering and Tissue Regeneration, Department of Cell Biology, Genetics and Physiology, Biomedical Research Institute of Málaga (IBIMA), University of Málaga, 29071 Málaga, Spain; (A.J.V.); (M.d.C.M.-A.); (C.A.); (L.K.); (J.B.)
| | - Liliya Kazantseva
- Laboratory of Bioengineering and Tissue Regeneration, Department of Cell Biology, Genetics and Physiology, Biomedical Research Institute of Málaga (IBIMA), University of Málaga, 29071 Málaga, Spain; (A.J.V.); (M.d.C.M.-A.); (C.A.); (L.K.); (J.B.)
| | - Casimiro Cárdenas
- Research Support Central Services (SCAI) of the University of Málaga, 29071 Málaga, Spain;
| | - Fernando Fariñas
- Grupo Ynmun, Spanish Association for the Research in Immunological and Infectious Diseases, 29071 Málaga, Spain;
| | - José Becerra
- Laboratory of Bioengineering and Tissue Regeneration, Department of Cell Biology, Genetics and Physiology, Biomedical Research Institute of Málaga (IBIMA), University of Málaga, 29071 Málaga, Spain; (A.J.V.); (M.d.C.M.-A.); (C.A.); (L.K.); (J.B.)
- Biomedical Research Networking Center in Bioengineering, Biomaterials, and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Rick Visser
- Laboratory of Bioengineering and Tissue Regeneration, Department of Cell Biology, Genetics and Physiology, Biomedical Research Institute of Málaga (IBIMA), University of Málaga, 29071 Málaga, Spain; (A.J.V.); (M.d.C.M.-A.); (C.A.); (L.K.); (J.B.)
- Biomedical Research Networking Center in Bioengineering, Biomaterials, and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +34-952-131-858
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Kebria MM, Milan PB, Peyravian N, Kiani J, Khatibi S, Mozafari M. Stem cell therapy for COVID-19 pneumonia. MOLECULAR BIOMEDICINE 2022; 3:6. [PMID: 35174448 PMCID: PMC8850486 DOI: 10.1186/s43556-021-00067-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2021] [Accepted: 12/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) virus is a highly contagious microorganism, and despite substantial investigation, no progress has been achieved in treating post-COVID complications. However, the virus has made various mutations and has spread around the world. Researchers have tried different treatments to reduce the side effects of the COVID-19 symptoms. One of the most common and effective treatments now used is steroid therapy to reduce the complications of this disease. Long-term steroid therapy for chronic inflammation following COVID-19 is harmful and increases the risk of secondary infection, and effective treatment remains challenging owing to fibrosis and severe inflammation and infection. Sometimes our immune system can severely damage ourselves in disease. In the past, many researchers have conducted various studies on the immunomodulatory properties of stem cells. This property of stem cells led them to modulate the immune system of autoimmune diseases like diabetes, multiple sclerosis, and Parkinson's. Because of their immunomodulatory properties, stem cell-based therapy employing mesenchymal or hematopoietic stem cells may be a viable alternative treatment option in some patients. By priming the immune system and providing cytokines, chemokines, and growth factors, stem cells can be employed to build a long-term regenerative and protective response. This review addresses the latest trends and rapid progress in stem cell treatment for Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS) following COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maziar Malekzadeh Kebria
- Cellular and Molecular Research Centre, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Department of Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Faculty of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Peiman Brouki Milan
- Cellular and Molecular Research Centre, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Department of Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Faculty of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Noshad Peyravian
- Cellular and Molecular Research Centre, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Department of Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Faculty of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Jafar Kiani
- Oncopathology Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Present Address: Department of Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Soheil Khatibi
- Babol University of Medical Sciences, Infection Diseases Centre, Mazandaran, Iran
| | - Masoud Mozafari
- Department of Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Faculty of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Abstract
The introduction of antiretroviral therapy (ART) and highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) has transformed human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-1 into a chronic, well-managed disease. However, these therapies do not eliminate all infected cells from the body despite suppressing viral load. Viral rebound is largely due to the presence of cellular reservoirs which support long-term persistence of HIV-1. A thorough understanding of the HIV-1 reservoir will facilitate the development of new strategies leading to its detection, reduction, and elimination, ultimately leading to curative therapies for HIV-1. Although immune cells derived from lymphoid and myeloid progenitors have been thoroughly studied as HIV-1 reservoirs, few studies have examined whether mesenchymal stromal/stem cells (MSCs) can assume this function. In this review, we evaluate published studies which have assessed whether MSCs contribute to the HIV-1 reservoir. MSCs have been found to express the receptors and co-receptors required for HIV-1 entry, albeit at levels of expression and receptor localisation that vary considerably between studies. Exposure to HIV-1 and HIV-1 proteins alters MSC properties in vitro, including their proliferation capacity and differentiation potential. However, in vitro and in vivo experiments investigating whether MSCs can become infected with and harbour latent integrated proviral DNA are lacking. In conclusion, MSCs appear to have the potential to contribute to the HIV-1 reservoir. However, further studies are needed using techniques such as those used to prove that cluster of differentiation (CD)4+ T cells constitute an HIV-1 reservoir before a reservoir function can definitively be ascribed to MSCs.
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Atay D, Akcay A, Akinci B, Yenigurbuz FD, Ovali E, Ozturk G. Co-transplantation of mesenchymal stromal cell and haploidentical hematopoietic stem cell with TCR αβ depletion in children with primary immunodeficiency syndromes. Pediatr Transplant 2021; 25:e14120. [PMID: 34409718 DOI: 10.1111/petr.14120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2021] [Revised: 08/08/2021] [Accepted: 08/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Haploidentical HSCT is a good option for children with PIDs lacking an HLA-matched donor. Co-transplantation of MSCs during haploidentical HSCT in patients with PIDs may enhance engraftment, decrease the risk of GVHD, and ensure stable donor chimerism. METHODS Twenty-seven pediatric patients (median age, 1.4 years; range, .3-10.9) with PIDs undergoing thirty haploidentical HSCT with TCR αβ depletion and co-transplantation of MSCs were enrolled to study. Most patients (73.3%) received myeloablative conditioning consisting of treosulfan or busulfan, fludarabine, and thiotepa. The median duration of follow-up was 14.3 months (range, 1-69 months). RESULTS Acute GVHD occurred in 7 patients (grade I-II n = 5, grade III-IV n = 2). Chronic GVHD was observed in only one patient. Twenty-one patients (70.2%) had 100% donor chimerism in all cell lines including T-cell and B-cell lineages. Primary graft failure was observed in 7 patients (25.9%). The cumulative incidences of TRM were 20% at day 100, and 26.7% at one year and five years. Probabilities of OS were 80% at day 100, and 71.9% at 1 year and 5 years. Infants transplanted younger than 6 months of age had the highest 5-year survival rate (85.7%). CONCLUSION We conclude that use of TCR αβ depleted haploidentical transplantation with MSCs may ensure a rapid engraftment rate, low incidence of significant acute and chronic GVHD, and acceptable post-transplantation morbidity, especially in patients diagnosed with SCID and may be considered in children with PIDs. In younger patients (≤6 months), survival is comparable between HLA-matched graft and CD3+ TCRαβ depleted HLA-mismatched graft recipients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Didem Atay
- Department of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology & Bone Marrow Transplantation Unit, Acıbadem University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Arzu Akcay
- Department of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology & Bone Marrow Transplantation Unit, Acıbadem University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Burcu Akinci
- Department of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology & Bone Marrow Transplantation Unit, Acıbadem University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Fatma Demir Yenigurbuz
- Department of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology & Bone Marrow Transplantation Unit, Acıbadem University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Ercument Ovali
- Acibadem Labcell Cellular Therapy Laboratory, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Gulyuz Ozturk
- Department of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology & Bone Marrow Transplantation Unit, Acıbadem University, Istanbul, Turkey
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Patel M, Shahjin F, Cohen JD, Hasan M, Machhi J, Chugh H, Singh S, Das S, Kulkarni TA, Herskovitz J, Meigs DD, Chandra R, Hettie KS, Mosley RL, Kevadiya BD, Gendelman HE. The Immunopathobiology of SARS-CoV-2 Infection. FEMS Microbiol Rev 2021; 45:fuab035. [PMID: 34160586 PMCID: PMC8632753 DOI: 10.1093/femsre/fuab035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2021] [Accepted: 07/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Infection with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) can lead to coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Virus-specific immunity controls infection, transmission and disease severity. With respect to disease severity, a spectrum of clinical outcomes occur associated with age, genetics, comorbidities and immune responses in an infected person. Dysfunctions in innate and adaptive immunity commonly follow viral infection. These are heralded by altered innate mononuclear phagocyte differentiation, activation, intracellular killing and adaptive memory, effector, and regulatory T cell responses. All of such affect viral clearance and the progression of end-organ disease. Failures to produce effective controlled antiviral immunity leads to life-threatening end-organ disease that is typified by the acute respiratory distress syndrome. The most effective means to contain SARS-CoV-2 infection is by vaccination. While an arsenal of immunomodulators were developed for control of viral infection and subsequent COVID-19 disease, further research is required to enable therapeutic implementation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milankumar Patel
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Neuroscience, College of Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, NE 68198, USA
| | - Farah Shahjin
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Neuroscience, College of Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, NE 68198, USA
| | - Jacob D Cohen
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Neuroscience, College of Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, NE 68198, USA
| | - Mahmudul Hasan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Nebraska Medical Center, NE 68198, USA
| | - Jatin Machhi
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Neuroscience, College of Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, NE 68198, USA
| | - Heerak Chugh
- Drug Discovery & Development Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Delhi, Delhi-110007, India
| | - Snigdha Singh
- Drug Discovery & Development Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Delhi, Delhi-110007, India
| | - Srijanee Das
- Department of Pathology and Microbiology, College of Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, NE 68198, USA
| | - Tanmay A Kulkarni
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Nebraska Medical Center, NE 68198, USA
| | - Jonathan Herskovitz
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Neuroscience, College of Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, NE 68198, USA
- Department of Pathology and Microbiology, College of Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, NE 68198, USA
| | - Douglas D Meigs
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Neuroscience, College of Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, NE 68198, USA
| | - Ramesh Chandra
- Drug Discovery & Development Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Delhi, Delhi-110007, India
- Dr. B. R. Ambedkar Center for Biomedical Research, University of Delhi, Delhi-110007, India
| | - Kenneth S Hettie
- Molecular Imaging Program at Stanford (MIPS), Department of Radiology, Department of Otolaryngology –Head & Neck Surgery, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA 94304, USA
| | - R Lee Mosley
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Neuroscience, College of Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, NE 68198, USA
| | - Bhavesh D Kevadiya
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Neuroscience, College of Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, NE 68198, USA
| | - Howard E Gendelman
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Neuroscience, College of Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, NE 68198, USA
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Nebraska Medical Center, NE 68198, USA
- Department of Pathology and Microbiology, College of Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, NE 68198, USA
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21
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Krystel-Whittemore M, Chan MP, Shalin SC, Sauder KJ, Hudson A, Foreman RK, Hoang MP, Brennick JB, Yan S, Nazarian RM. Deep Herpes. Am J Surg Pathol 2021; 45:1357-1363. [PMID: 34324455 DOI: 10.1097/pas.0000000000001733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Herpes viruses are known for infecting epithelial cells and manifesting as vesicles. However, herpes viruses can also infect stromal cells. While established in the ocular setting, cutaneous stromal herpes (deep herpes) is previously unreported and may evade clinical and microscopic detection. We searched for skin biopsies with herpes stromal disease. Clinical information was retrieved via electronic medical records and pathology records system. Hematoxylin and eosin slides, immunohistochemical staining, and polymerase chain reaction detection of viral DNA was performed. We identified 12 specimens from 10 patients with cutaneous stromal herpes simplex virus 1/2 (n=7) or varicella-zoster virus infection (n=5). The most common site involved was the buttocks/perianal region (n=6). Ulceration was a frequent dermatologic finding (n=8). Pyoderma gangrenosum was clinically suspected in 6 specimens (50%). Eight patients (80%) were immunosuppressed. Biopsies frequently demonstrated a dense dermal mixed inflammatory infiltrate with subcutaneous extension and enlarged cells with viral cytopathic changes confirmed by herpes simplex virus 1/2 or varicella-zoster virus immunohistochemistry (n=10) or polymerase chain reaction (n=2). Most specimens (67%) lacked evidence of characteristic epidermal keratinocyte infection. This study presents the first known report of the ability of herpes virus to infect deep stromal cells of the dermis. We raise awareness of cutaneous stromal herpes in patients presenting with atypical clinical lesions, particularly while immunocompromised. Establishing the correct diagnosis is critical for initiating therapy.
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MESH Headings
- Adolescent
- Adult
- Aged
- Antiviral Agents/therapeutic use
- DNA, Viral/genetics
- Dermis/drug effects
- Dermis/pathology
- Dermis/virology
- Female
- Herpes Simplex/diagnosis
- Herpes Simplex/drug therapy
- Herpes Simplex/virology
- Herpesvirus 1, Human/drug effects
- Herpesvirus 1, Human/genetics
- Herpesvirus 1, Human/pathogenicity
- Herpesvirus 2, Human/drug effects
- Herpesvirus 2, Human/genetics
- Herpesvirus 2, Human/pathogenicity
- Herpesvirus 3, Human/drug effects
- Herpesvirus 3, Human/genetics
- Herpesvirus 3, Human/pathogenicity
- Host-Pathogen Interactions
- Humans
- Male
- Middle Aged
- Retrospective Studies
- Stromal Cells/drug effects
- Stromal Cells/pathology
- Stromal Cells/virology
- Treatment Outcome
- Varicella Zoster Virus Infection/diagnosis
- Varicella Zoster Virus Infection/drug therapy
- Varicella Zoster Virus Infection/virology
- Young Adult
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Affiliation(s)
| | - May P Chan
- Department of Pathology, Michigan Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI
| | - Sara C Shalin
- Departments of Pathology
- Dermatology, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock
| | - Kenan J Sauder
- Department of Pathology, Newton-Wellesley Hospital, Newton, MA
| | - Amy Hudson
- Johnson Dermatology Clinic, Fort Smith, AR
| | - Ruth K Foreman
- Pathology Service, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston
| | - Mai P Hoang
- Pathology Service, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston
| | - Jeoffry B Brennick
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon
- Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, NH
| | - Shaofeng Yan
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon
- Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, NH
| | - Rosalynn M Nazarian
- Pathology Service, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston
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22
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Zani-Ruttenstock E, Antounians L, Khalaj K, Figueira RL, Zani A. The Role of Exosomes in the Treatment, Prevention, Diagnosis, and Pathogenesis of COVID-19. Eur J Pediatr Surg 2021; 31:326-334. [PMID: 34161984 DOI: 10.1055/s-0041-1731294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2), continues to be a major health concern. In search for novel treatment strategies against COVID-19, exosomes have attracted the attention of scientists and pharmaceutical companies worldwide. Exosomes are small extracellular vesicles, secreted by all types of cells, and considered as key mediators of intercellular communication and stem-cell paracrine signaling. Herein, we reviewed the most recent literature about the role of exosomes as potential agents for treatment, prevention, diagnosis, and pathogenesis of COVID-19. Several studies and ongoing clinical trials have been investigating the anti-inflammatory, immunomodulatory, and reparative effects of exosomes derived from mesenchymal stem/stromal cells for COVID-19-related acute lung injury. Other studies reported that exosomes play a key role in convalescent plasma therapy for COVID-19, and that they could be of use for the treatment of COVID-19 Kawasaki's-like multisystem inflammatory syndrome and as drug delivery nanocarriers for antiviral therapy. Harnessing some advantageous aspects of exosome biology, such as their endogenous origin, capability of crossing biological barriers, high stability in circulation, and low toxicity and immunogenicity, several companies have been testing exosome-based vaccines against SARS-CoV-2. As they carry cargos that mimic the status of parent cells, exosomes can be isolated from a variety of sources, including plasma, and employed as biomarkers of COVID-19. Lastly, there is growing evidence supporting the role of exosomes in COVID-19 infection, spread, reactivation, and reinfection. The lessons learned using exosomes for COVID-19 will help determine their efficacy and applicability in other clinical conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elke Zani-Ruttenstock
- Division of General and Thoracic Surgery, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Lina Antounians
- Division of General and Thoracic Surgery, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Developmental and Stem Cell Biology Program, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Kasra Khalaj
- Division of General and Thoracic Surgery, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Developmental and Stem Cell Biology Program, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Rebeca L Figueira
- Division of General and Thoracic Surgery, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Developmental and Stem Cell Biology Program, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Augusto Zani
- Division of General and Thoracic Surgery, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Developmental and Stem Cell Biology Program, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Surgery, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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23
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Moradinasab S, Pourbagheri-Sigaroodi A, Zafari P, Ghaffari SH, Bashash D. Mesenchymal stromal/stem cells (MSCs) and MSC-derived extracellular vesicles in COVID-19-induced ARDS: Mechanisms of action, research progress, challenges, and opportunities. Int Immunopharmacol 2021; 97:107694. [PMID: 33932694 PMCID: PMC8079337 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2021.107694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2021] [Revised: 04/11/2021] [Accepted: 04/17/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
In late 2019, a novel coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) emerged in Wuhan city, Hubei province, China. Rapidly escalated into a worldwide pandemic, it has caused an unprecedented and devastating situation on the global public health and society economy. The severity of recent coronavirus disease, abbreviated to COVID-19, seems to be mostly associated with the patients' immune response. In this vein, mesenchymal stromal/stem cells (MSCs) have been suggested as a worth-considering option against COVID-19 as their therapeutic properties are mainly displayed in immunomodulation and anti-inflammatory effects. Indeed, administration of MSCs can attenuate cytokine storm and enhance alveolar fluid clearance, endothelial recovery, and anti-fibrotic regeneration. Despite advantages attributed to MSCs application in lung injuries, there are still several issues __foremost probability of malignant transformation and incidence of MSCs-related coagulopathy__ which should be resolved for the successful application of MSC therapy in COVID-19. In the present study, we review the historical evidence of successful use of MSCs and MSC-derived extracellular vesicles (EVs) in the treatment of acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). We also take a look at MSCs mechanisms of action in the treatment of viral infections, and then through studying both the dark and bright sides of this approach, we provide a thorough discussion if MSC therapy might be a promising therapeutic approach in COVID-19 patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susan Moradinasab
- Iranian Blood Transfusion Research Center, High Institute for Research and Education in Transfusion Medicine, Tehran, Iran
| | - Atieh Pourbagheri-Sigaroodi
- Department of Hematology and Blood Banking, School of Allied Medical Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Parisa Zafari
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| | - Seyed H Ghaffari
- Hematology, Oncology and Stem Cell Transplantation Research Center, Shariati Hospital, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Davood Bashash
- Department of Hematology and Blood Banking, School of Allied Medical Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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24
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Mesenchymal Stem Cells Can Both Enhance and Inhibit the Cellular Response to DNA Immunization by Genes of Nonstructural Proteins of the Hepatitis C Virus. Int J Mol Sci 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/ijms22158121
expr 825321411 + 858242883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite extensive research, there is still no vaccine against the hepatitis C virus (HCV). The aim of this study was to investigate whether MSCs can exhibit adjuvant properties during DNA vaccination against hepatitis C. We used the pcNS3-NS5B plasmid encoding five nonstructural HCV proteins and MSCs derived from mice bone marrow. Five groups of DBA mice were immunized with the plasmid and/or MSCs in a different order. Group 1 was injected with the plasmid twice at intervals of 3 weeks; Group 2 with the plasmid, and after 24 h with MSCs; Group 3 with MSCs followed by the plasmid the next day; Group 4 with only MSCs; and Group 5 with saline. When the MSCs were injected prior to DNA immunization, the cell immune response to HCV proteins assessed by the level of IFN-γ synthesis was markedly increased compared to DNA alone. In contrast, MSCs injected after DNA suppressed the immune response. Apparently, the high level of proinflammatory cytokines detected after DNA injection promotes the conversion of MSCs introduced later into the immunosuppressive MSC2. The low level of cytokines in mice before MSC administration promotes the high immunostimulatory activity of MSC1 in response to a DNA vaccine. Thus, when administered before DNA, MSCs are capable of exhibiting promising adjuvant properties.
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25
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Masalova OV, Lesnova EI, Klimova RR, Ivanov AV, Kushch AA. Mesenchymal Stem Cells Can Both Enhance and Inhibit the Cellular Response to DNA Immunization by Genes of Nonstructural Proteins of the Hepatitis C Virus. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:8121. [PMID: 34360889 PMCID: PMC8347804 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22158121&set/a 880446214+990577611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite extensive research, there is still no vaccine against the hepatitis C virus (HCV). The aim of this study was to investigate whether MSCs can exhibit adjuvant properties during DNA vaccination against hepatitis C. We used the pcNS3-NS5B plasmid encoding five nonstructural HCV proteins and MSCs derived from mice bone marrow. Five groups of DBA mice were immunized with the plasmid and/or MSCs in a different order. Group 1 was injected with the plasmid twice at intervals of 3 weeks; Group 2 with the plasmid, and after 24 h with MSCs; Group 3 with MSCs followed by the plasmid the next day; Group 4 with only MSCs; and Group 5 with saline. When the MSCs were injected prior to DNA immunization, the cell immune response to HCV proteins assessed by the level of IFN-γ synthesis was markedly increased compared to DNA alone. In contrast, MSCs injected after DNA suppressed the immune response. Apparently, the high level of proinflammatory cytokines detected after DNA injection promotes the conversion of MSCs introduced later into the immunosuppressive MSC2. The low level of cytokines in mice before MSC administration promotes the high immunostimulatory activity of MSC1 in response to a DNA vaccine. Thus, when administered before DNA, MSCs are capable of exhibiting promising adjuvant properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olga V. Masalova
- Gamaleya National Research Center of Epidemiology and Microbiology, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, 123098 Moscow, Russia; (E.I.L.); (R.R.K.); (A.A.K.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +7-499-190-30-49
| | - Ekaterina I. Lesnova
- Gamaleya National Research Center of Epidemiology and Microbiology, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, 123098 Moscow, Russia; (E.I.L.); (R.R.K.); (A.A.K.)
| | - Regina R. Klimova
- Gamaleya National Research Center of Epidemiology and Microbiology, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, 123098 Moscow, Russia; (E.I.L.); (R.R.K.); (A.A.K.)
| | - Alexander V. Ivanov
- Center for Precision Genome Editing and Genetic Technologies for Biomedicine, Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, 119991 Moscow, Russia;
| | - Alla A. Kushch
- Gamaleya National Research Center of Epidemiology and Microbiology, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, 123098 Moscow, Russia; (E.I.L.); (R.R.K.); (A.A.K.)
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26
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Masalova OV, Lesnova EI, Klimova RR, Ivanov AV, Kushch AA. Mesenchymal Stem Cells Can Both Enhance and Inhibit the Cellular Response to DNA Immunization by Genes of Nonstructural Proteins of the Hepatitis C Virus. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:8121. [PMID: 34360889 PMCID: PMC8347804 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22158121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2021] [Revised: 07/26/2021] [Accepted: 07/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite extensive research, there is still no vaccine against the hepatitis C virus (HCV). The aim of this study was to investigate whether MSCs can exhibit adjuvant properties during DNA vaccination against hepatitis C. We used the pcNS3-NS5B plasmid encoding five nonstructural HCV proteins and MSCs derived from mice bone marrow. Five groups of DBA mice were immunized with the plasmid and/or MSCs in a different order. Group 1 was injected with the plasmid twice at intervals of 3 weeks; Group 2 with the plasmid, and after 24 h with MSCs; Group 3 with MSCs followed by the plasmid the next day; Group 4 with only MSCs; and Group 5 with saline. When the MSCs were injected prior to DNA immunization, the cell immune response to HCV proteins assessed by the level of IFN-γ synthesis was markedly increased compared to DNA alone. In contrast, MSCs injected after DNA suppressed the immune response. Apparently, the high level of proinflammatory cytokines detected after DNA injection promotes the conversion of MSCs introduced later into the immunosuppressive MSC2. The low level of cytokines in mice before MSC administration promotes the high immunostimulatory activity of MSC1 in response to a DNA vaccine. Thus, when administered before DNA, MSCs are capable of exhibiting promising adjuvant properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olga V. Masalova
- Gamaleya National Research Center of Epidemiology and Microbiology, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, 123098 Moscow, Russia; (E.I.L.); (R.R.K.); (A.A.K.)
| | - Ekaterina I. Lesnova
- Gamaleya National Research Center of Epidemiology and Microbiology, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, 123098 Moscow, Russia; (E.I.L.); (R.R.K.); (A.A.K.)
| | - Regina R. Klimova
- Gamaleya National Research Center of Epidemiology and Microbiology, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, 123098 Moscow, Russia; (E.I.L.); (R.R.K.); (A.A.K.)
| | - Alexander V. Ivanov
- Center for Precision Genome Editing and Genetic Technologies for Biomedicine, Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, 119991 Moscow, Russia;
| | - Alla A. Kushch
- Gamaleya National Research Center of Epidemiology and Microbiology, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, 123098 Moscow, Russia; (E.I.L.); (R.R.K.); (A.A.K.)
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27
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da Silva KN, Gobatto ALN, Costa-Ferro ZSM, Cavalcante BRR, Caria ACI, de Aragão França LS, Nonaka CKV, de Macêdo Lima F, Lopes-Pacheco M, Rocco PRM, de Freitas Souza BS. Is there a place for mesenchymal stromal cell-based therapies in the therapeutic armamentarium against COVID-19? Stem Cell Res Ther 2021; 12:425. [PMID: 34315546 PMCID: PMC8314259 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-021-02502-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2021] [Accepted: 07/04/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic, caused by the rapid global spread of the novel coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2), has caused healthcare systems to collapse and led to hundreds of thousands of deaths. The clinical spectrum of COVID-19 is not only limited to local pneumonia but also represents multiple organ involvement, with potential for systemic complications. One year after the pandemic, pathophysiological knowledge has evolved, and many therapeutic advances have occurred, but mortality rates are still elevated in severe/critical COVID-19 cases. Mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) can exert immunomodulatory, antiviral, and pro-regenerative paracrine/endocrine actions and are therefore promising candidates for MSC-based therapies. In this review, we discuss the rationale for MSC-based therapies based on currently available preclinical and clinical evidence of safety, potential efficacy, and mechanisms of action. Finally, we present a critical analysis of the risks, limitations, challenges, and opportunities that place MSC-based products as a therapeutic strategy that may complement the current arsenal against COVID-19 and reduce the pandemic's unmet medical needs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kátia Nunes da Silva
- Goncalo Moniz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (FIOCRUZ), Rua Waldemar Falcão, 121, Candeal, Salvador, Bahia, 40296-710, Brazil
- D'Or Institute for Research and Education (IDOR), Salvador, Brazil
- Center for Biotechnology and Cell Therapy, São Rafael Hospital, Salvador, Brazil
| | | | - Zaquer Suzana Munhoz Costa-Ferro
- D'Or Institute for Research and Education (IDOR), Salvador, Brazil
- Center for Biotechnology and Cell Therapy, São Rafael Hospital, Salvador, Brazil
| | - Bruno Raphael Ribeiro Cavalcante
- Goncalo Moniz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (FIOCRUZ), Rua Waldemar Falcão, 121, Candeal, Salvador, Bahia, 40296-710, Brazil
| | - Alex Cleber Improta Caria
- Graduate Program in Medicine and Health, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Bahia, Salvador, Brazil
| | - Luciana Souza de Aragão França
- D'Or Institute for Research and Education (IDOR), Salvador, Brazil
- Center for Biotechnology and Cell Therapy, São Rafael Hospital, Salvador, Brazil
| | - Carolina Kymie Vasques Nonaka
- D'Or Institute for Research and Education (IDOR), Salvador, Brazil
- Center for Biotechnology and Cell Therapy, São Rafael Hospital, Salvador, Brazil
| | | | - Miquéias Lopes-Pacheco
- Laboratory of Pulmonary Investigation, Carlos Chagas Filho Institute of Biophysics, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Patricia Rieken Macêdo Rocco
- Laboratory of Pulmonary Investigation, Carlos Chagas Filho Institute of Biophysics, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- National Institute of Science and Technology for Regenerative Medicine, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- COVID-19 Virus Network, Ministry of Science and Technology, and Innovation, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Bruno Solano de Freitas Souza
- Goncalo Moniz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (FIOCRUZ), Rua Waldemar Falcão, 121, Candeal, Salvador, Bahia, 40296-710, Brazil.
- D'Or Institute for Research and Education (IDOR), Salvador, Brazil.
- Center for Biotechnology and Cell Therapy, São Rafael Hospital, Salvador, Brazil.
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28
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Kumar D, Jahan S, Khan A, Siddiqui AJ, Redhu NS, Wahajuddin, Khan J, Banwas S, Alshehri B, Alaidarous M. Neurological Manifestation of SARS-CoV-2 Induced Inflammation and Possible Therapeutic Strategies Against COVID-19. Mol Neurobiol 2021; 58:3417-3434. [PMID: 33715108 PMCID: PMC7955900 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-021-02318-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2020] [Accepted: 02/01/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
There are regular reports of extrapulmonary infections and manifestations related to the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic. Coronaviruses are potentially neurotropic, which renders neuronal tissue vulnerable to infection, especially in elderly individuals or in those with neuro-comorbid conditions. Complaints of ageusia, anosmia, myalgia, and headache; reports of diseases such as stroke, encephalopathy, seizure, and encephalitis; and loss of consciousness in patients with COVID-19 confirm the neuropathophysiological aspect of this disease. The brain is linked to pulmonary organs, physiologically through blood circulation, and functionally through the nervous system. The interdependence of these vital organs may further aggravate the pathophysiological aspects of COVID-19. The induction of a cytokine storm in systemic circulation can trigger a neuroinflammatory cascade, which can subsequently compromise the blood-brain barrier and activate microglia- and astrocyte-borne Toll-like receptors, thereby leading to neuronal tissue damage. Hence, a holistic approach should be adopted by healthcare professionals while treating COVID-19 patients with a history of neurodegenerative disorders, neuropsychological complications, or any other neuro-compromised conditions. Imperatively, vaccines are being developed at top priority to contain the spread of the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2, and different vaccines are at different stages of development globally. This review discusses the concerns regarding the neuronal complications of COVID-19 and the possible mechanisms of amelioration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dipak Kumar
- Zoology Department, KKM College, Jamui, Munger University, Munger, India
| | - Sadaf Jahan
- Department of Medical Laboratories, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Majmaah University, Majmaah, 11952, Saudi Arabia, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.
| | - Andleeb Khan
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, Jazan University, Jazan, 45142, Saudi Arabia
| | - Arif Jamal Siddiqui
- Department of Biology, College of Science, University of Hail, Hail, PO Box 2440, Saudi Arabia
| | - Neeru Singh Redhu
- Department of Molecular Biology, Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Chaudhary Charan Singh Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar, Haryana 125004, India
| | - Wahajuddin
- Division of Pharmaceutics & Pharmacokinetics, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, UP, India
| | - Johra Khan
- Department of Medical Laboratories, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Majmaah University, Majmaah, 11952, Saudi Arabia, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Saeed Banwas
- Department of Medical Laboratories, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Majmaah University, Majmaah, 11952, Saudi Arabia, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
- Health and Basic Sciences Research Center, Majmaah University, Majmaah, 11952, Saudi Arabia
- Departments of Biomedical Sciences, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, 97331, USA
| | - Bader Alshehri
- Department of Medical Laboratories, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Majmaah University, Majmaah, 11952, Saudi Arabia, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
- Health and Basic Sciences Research Center, Majmaah University, Majmaah, 11952, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed Alaidarous
- Department of Medical Laboratories, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Majmaah University, Majmaah, 11952, Saudi Arabia, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
- Health and Basic Sciences Research Center, Majmaah University, Majmaah, 11952, Saudi Arabia
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29
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Brügger M, Démoulins T, Barut GT, Zumkehr B, Oliveira Esteves BI, Mehinagic K, Haas Q, Schögler A, Rameix-Welti MA, Eléouët JF, Moehrlen U, Marti TM, Schmid RA, Summerfield A, Posthaus H, Ruggli N, Hall SRR, Alves MP. Pulmonary mesenchymal stem cells are engaged in distinct steps of host response to respiratory syncytial virus infection. PLoS Pathog 2021; 17:e1009789. [PMID: 34320038 PMCID: PMC8351988 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1009789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2021] [Revised: 08/09/2021] [Accepted: 07/08/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Lung-resident (LR) mesenchymal stem and stromal cells (MSCs) are key elements of the alveolar niche and fundamental regulators of homeostasis and regeneration. We interrogated their function during virus-induced lung injury using the highly prevalent respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) which causes severe outcomes in infants. We applied complementary approaches with primary pediatric LR-MSCs and a state-of-the-art model of human RSV infection in lamb. Remarkably, RSV-infection of pediatric LR-MSCs led to a robust activation, characterized by a strong antiviral and pro-inflammatory phenotype combined with mediators related to T cell function. In line with this, following in vivo infection, RSV invades and activates LR-MSCs, resulting in the expansion of the pulmonary MSC pool. Moreover, the global transcriptional response of LR-MSCs appears to follow RSV disease, switching from an early antiviral signature to repair mechanisms including differentiation, tissue remodeling, and angiogenesis. These findings demonstrate the involvement of LR-MSCs during virus-mediated acute lung injury and may have therapeutic implications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melanie Brügger
- Institute of Virology and Immunology, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Pathobiology, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
- Graduate School for Cellular and Biomedical Sciences, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Thomas Démoulins
- Institute of Virology and Immunology, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Pathobiology, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - G. Tuba Barut
- Institute of Virology and Immunology, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Pathobiology, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
- Graduate School for Cellular and Biomedical Sciences, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Beatrice Zumkehr
- Institute of Virology and Immunology, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Pathobiology, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Blandina I. Oliveira Esteves
- Institute of Virology and Immunology, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Pathobiology, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Kemal Mehinagic
- Institute of Virology and Immunology, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Pathobiology, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
- Graduate School for Cellular and Biomedical Sciences, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Quentin Haas
- Institute of Pharmacology, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Aline Schögler
- Department of Biomedical Research, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Marie-Anne Rameix-Welti
- Université Paris-Saclay, INSERM, Université de Versailles St. Quentin, UMR 1173 (2I), Versailles, France
| | | | - Ueli Moehrlen
- Pediatric Surgery, University Children’s Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Thomas M. Marti
- Department of Biomedical Research, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
- Department of General Thoracic Surgery, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Ralph A. Schmid
- Department of Biomedical Research, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
- Department of General Thoracic Surgery, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Artur Summerfield
- Institute of Virology and Immunology, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Pathobiology, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Horst Posthaus
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Pathobiology, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
- Institute of Animal Pathology, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Nicolas Ruggli
- Institute of Virology and Immunology, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Pathobiology, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Sean R. R. Hall
- Department of General Thoracic Surgery, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
- Gillies McIndoe Research Institute, Wellington, New Zealand
| | - Marco P. Alves
- Institute of Virology and Immunology, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Pathobiology, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
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30
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Updates on clinical trials evaluating the regenerative potential of allogenic mesenchymal stem cells in COVID-19. NPJ Regen Med 2021; 6:37. [PMID: 34193864 PMCID: PMC8245638 DOI: 10.1038/s41536-021-00147-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2020] [Accepted: 06/11/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has infected nearly 118 million people and caused ~2.6 million deaths worldwide by early 2021, during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. Although the majority of infected patients show mild-to-moderate symptoms, a small fraction of patients develops severe symptoms. Uncontrolled cytokine production and the lack of substantive adaptive immune response result in hypoxia, acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), or multiple organ failure in severe COVID-19 patients. Since the current standard of care treatment is insufficient to alleviate severe COVID-19 symptoms, many clinics have been prompted to perform clinical trials involving the infusion of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) due to their immunomodulatory and therapeutic properties. Several phases I/II clinical trials involving the infusion of allogenic MSCs have been performed last year. The focus of this review is to critically evaluate the safety and efficacy outcomes of the most recent, placebo-controlled phase I/II clinical studies that enrolled a larger number of patients, in order to provide a statistically relevant and comprehensive understanding of MSC's therapeutic potential in severe COVID-19 patients. Clinical outcomes obtained from these studies clearly indicate that: (i) allogenic MSC infusion in COVID-19 patients with ARDS is safe and effective enough to decreases a set of inflammatory cytokines that may drive COVID-19 associated cytokine storm, and (ii) MSC infusion efficiently improves COVID-19 patient survival and reduces recovery time. These findings strongly support further investigation into MSC-infusion in larger clinical trials for COVID-19 patients with ARDS, who currently have a nearly 50% of mortality rate.
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Harrell CR, Popovska Jovicic B, Djonov V, Volarevic V. Molecular Mechanisms Responsible for Mesenchymal Stem Cell-Based Treatment of Viral Diseases. Pathogens 2021; 10:pathogens10040409. [PMID: 33915728 PMCID: PMC8066286 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens10040409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2021] [Revised: 03/16/2021] [Accepted: 03/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are adult, immunomodulatory stem cells which reside in almost all postnatal tissues. Viral antigens and damage-associated molecular patterns released from injured and infected cells activate MSCs, which elicit strong antiviral immune response. MSC-sourced interferons and inflammatory cytokines modulate the cytotoxicity of NK cells and CTLs, enhance the antigen-presentation properties of DCs and macrophages, regulate cytokine synthesis in CD4+ T helper cells and promote antibody production in B cells. After the elimination of viral pathogens, MSCs produce immunoregulatory cytokines and trophic factors, prevent the over-activation of immune cells and promote tissue repair and regeneration. In this review article, we summarize the current knowledge on the molecular mechanisms that are responsible for the MSC-dependent elimination of virus-infected cells, and we emphasize the therapeutic potential of MSCs and their secretomes in the treatment of viral diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carl Randall Harrell
- Regenerative Processing Plant, LLC, 34176 US Highway 19 N Palm Harbor, Palm Harbor, FL 34684, USA;
| | - Biljana Popovska Jovicic
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, Svetozara Markovica 69, 34000 Kragujevac, Serbia
- Correspondence: (B.P.J.); (V.V.); Tel./Fax: +381-34306800 (V.V.)
| | - Valentin Djonov
- Institute of Anatomy, University of Bern, 2 Baltzerstrasse, 3012 Bern, Switzerland;
| | - Vladislav Volarevic
- Department for Microbiology and Immunology, Center for Molecular Medicine and Stem Cell Research, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, 69 Svetozar Markovic Street, 34000 Kragujevac, Serbia
- Correspondence: (B.P.J.); (V.V.); Tel./Fax: +381-34306800 (V.V.)
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Rocha JLM, de Oliveira WCF, Noronha NC, Dos Santos NCD, Covas DT, Picanço-Castro V, Swiech K, Malmegrim KCR. Mesenchymal Stromal Cells in Viral Infections: Implications for COVID-19. Stem Cell Rev Rep 2021; 17:71-93. [PMID: 32895900 PMCID: PMC7476649 DOI: 10.1007/s12015-020-10032-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) constitute a heterogeneous population of stromal cells with immunomodulatory and regenerative properties that support their therapeutic use. MSCs isolated from many tissue sources replicate vigorously in vitro and maintain their main biological properties allowing their widespread clinical application. To date, most MSC-based preclinical and clinical trials targeted immune-mediated and inflammatory diseases. Nevertheless, MSCs have antiviral properties and have been used in the treatment of various viral infections in the last years. Here, we revised in detail the biological properties of MSCs and their preclinical and clinical applications in viral diseases, including the disease caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection (COVID-19). Notably, rapidly increasing numbers of MSC-based therapies for COVID-19 have recently been reported. MSCs are theoretically capable of reducing inflammation and promote lung regeneration in severe COVID-19 patients. We critically discuss the rationale, advantages and disadvantages of MSC-based therapies for viral infections and also specifically for COVID-19 and point out some directions in this field. Finally, we argue that MSC-based therapy may be a promising therapeutic strategy for severe COVID-19 and other emergent respiratory tract viral infections, beyond the viral infection diseases in which MSCs have already been clinically applied. Graphical Abstract ![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- José Lucas Martins Rocha
- Center for Cell-based Therapy, Regional Blood Center of Ribeirão Preto, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil.,Basic and Applied Immunology Program, Department of Biochemistry and Immunology, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Waldir César Ferreira de Oliveira
- Center for Cell-based Therapy, Regional Blood Center of Ribeirão Preto, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil.,Bioscience and Biotecnology Program, Department of Clinical Analysis, Toxicology and Food Science, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Nádia Cássia Noronha
- Center for Cell-based Therapy, Regional Blood Center of Ribeirão Preto, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil.,Bioscience and Biotecnology Program, Department of Clinical Analysis, Toxicology and Food Science, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Natalia Cristine Dias Dos Santos
- Center for Cell-based Therapy, Regional Blood Center of Ribeirão Preto, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil.,Bioscience and Biotecnology Program, Department of Clinical Analysis, Toxicology and Food Science, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Dimas Tadeu Covas
- Center for Cell-based Therapy, Regional Blood Center of Ribeirão Preto, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Virgínia Picanço-Castro
- Center for Cell-based Therapy, Regional Blood Center of Ribeirão Preto, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Kamilla Swiech
- Center for Cell-based Therapy, Regional Blood Center of Ribeirão Preto, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil.,School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Av. do Café s/n, Ribeirão Preto, 14040-903, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Kelen Cristina Ribeiro Malmegrim
- Center for Cell-based Therapy, Regional Blood Center of Ribeirão Preto, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil. .,School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Av. do Café s/n, Ribeirão Preto, 14040-903, São Paulo, Brazil.
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Lam G, Zhou Y, Wang JX, Tsui YP. Targeting mesenchymal stem cell therapy for severe pneumonia patients. World J Stem Cells 2021; 13:139-154. [PMID: 33708343 PMCID: PMC7933990 DOI: 10.4252/wjsc.v13.i2.139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2020] [Revised: 12/03/2020] [Accepted: 12/27/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Pneumonia is the inflammation of the lungs and it is the world's leading cause of death for children under 5 years of age. The latest coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) virus is a prominent culprit to severe pneumonia. With the pandemic running rampant for the past year, more than 1590000 deaths has occurred worldwide up to December 2020 and are substantially attributable to severe pneumonia and induced cytokine storm. Effective therapeutic approaches in addition to the vaccines and drugs under development are hence greatly sought after. Therapies harnessing stem cells and their derivatives have been established by basic research for their versatile capacity to specifically inhibit inflammation due to pneumonia and prevent alveolar/pulmonary fibrosis while enhancing antibacterial/antiviral immunity, thus significantly alleviating the severe clinical conditions of pneumonia. In recent clinical trials, mesenchymal stem cells have shown effectiveness in reducing COVID-19-associated pneumonia morbidity and mortality; positioning these cells as worthy candidates for combating one of the greatest challenges of our time and shedding light on their prospects as a next-generation therapy to counter future challenges.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guy Lam
- School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong 999077, China
| | - Yuan Zhou
- Research and Development, Help Therapeutics Co. Ltd., Nanjing 211100, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Jia-Xian Wang
- Research and Development, Help Therapeutics Co. Ltd., Nanjing 211100, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Yat-Ping Tsui
- Research and Development, Help Therapeutics Co. Ltd., Nanjing 211100, Jiangsu Province, China.
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Samara A, Herlenius E. Is There an Effect of Fetal Mesenchymal Stem Cells in the Mother-Fetus Dyad in COVID-19 Pregnancies and Vertical Transmission? Front Physiol 2021; 11:624625. [PMID: 33679426 PMCID: PMC7928412 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2020.624625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2020] [Accepted: 12/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Because of the polysystemic nature of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), during the present pandemic, there have been serious concerns regarding pregnancy, vertical transmission, and intrapartum risk. The majority of pregnant patients with COVID-19 infection present with mild or asymptomatic course of the disease. Some cases were hospitalized, and few needed intensive care unit admission, or mechanical ventilation. There have also been scarce case reports where neonates required mechanical ventilation post COVID-19 pregnancies. Without approved therapies other than dexamethasone, advanced mesenchymal cell therapy is one immunomodulatory therapeutic approach that is currently explored and might hold great promise. We suggest that the circulating fetal stem cells might have an immune-protective effect to mothers and contribute to the often mild and even asymptomatic post-COVID-19 pregnancies. Thus, COVID-19 pregnancies come forth as a paradigm to be further and more comprehensively approached, to understand both the mechanism and action of circulating stem cells in immunoprotection and hypoxia in microcirculation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Athina Samara
- Department of Women's and Children's Health, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.,Astrid Lindgren Children's Hospital Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Eric Herlenius
- Department of Women's and Children's Health, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.,Astrid Lindgren Children's Hospital Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
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Gholizadeh-Ghaleh Aziz S, Alipour S, Ranjbarvan P, Azari A, Babaei G, Golchin A. Critical roles of TLRs on the polarization of mesenchymal stem cells for cell therapy of viral infections: a notice for COVID-19 treatment. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2021; 30:119-128. [PMID: 33551714 PMCID: PMC7846495 DOI: 10.1007/s00580-021-03209-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2020] [Accepted: 01/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), as one of the leading cell-based therapy, have provided a strong link between clinical investigation and basic research. MSCs have been successfully employed in treating graft versus host disease (GvHD), autoimmune disease, and several other diseases, particularly with high immune activity. Recently, MSCs have attracted attention to treating untreatable viral infections such as severe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Given that the Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are directly able to detect internal and external hazard signals, and their stimulation has an intense effect on the ability to grow, differentiate, migrate, and maintain MSCs, it seems stimulation of these receptors can have a direct impact on the interaction of MSCs and immune cells, altering the ability to modify immune system responses. Hence, this mini-review focused on TLRs’ critical roles in the polarization of MSCs for developing MSC-based therapy in viral infections. Consequently, according to the literature review, a polarization process, mediated by TLRs concerning anti-inflammatory and proinflammatory phenotype, may be considered for MSC-therapy against viral infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiva Gholizadeh-Ghaleh Aziz
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Applied Cell Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran
| | - Shahriar Alipour
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Applied Cell Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran
| | - Parviz Ranjbarvan
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Applied Cell Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran
| | - Arezo Azari
- Department of Tissue engineering and Applied Cell Sciences, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ghader Babaei
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Applied Cell Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran
| | - Ali Golchin
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Applied Cell Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran
- Regenerative Medicine Group (REMED), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Tehran, Iran
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36
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Niada S, Giannasi C, Magagnotti C, Andolfo A, Brini AT. Proteomic analysis of extracellular vesicles and conditioned medium from human adipose-derived stem/stromal cells and dermal fibroblasts. J Proteomics 2020; 232:104069. [PMID: 33309826 DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2020.104069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2020] [Revised: 10/23/2020] [Accepted: 11/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Conditioned medium (CM) and extracellular vesicles (EV) from Adipose-derived Stem/stromal cells (ASC) and Dermal fibroblasts (DF) represent promising tools for therapeutic applications. Which one should be preferred is still under debate and no direct comparison of their proteome has been reported yet. Here, we apply quantitative proteomics to explore the protein composition of CM and EV from the two cell types. Data are available via ProteomeXchange (identifier PXD020219). We identified 1977 proteins by LC-MS/MS proteomic analysis. Unsupervised clustering analysis and PCA recognized CM and EV as separate groups. We identified 68 and 201 CM and EV specific factors. CM were enriched in proteins of endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi apparatus and lysosomes, whereas EV contained a large amount of GTPases, ribosome and translation factors. The analysis of ASC and DF secretomes revealed the presence of cell type-specific proteins. ASC-CM and -EV carried factors involved in ECM organization and immunological regulation, respectively. Conversely, DF-CM and -EV were enriched in epithelium development associated factors and -EV in Wnt signaling factors. In conclusion, this analysis provides evidence of a different protein composition between CM and EV and of the presence of cell type-specific bioactive mediators suggesting their specific future use as advanced therapy medicinal products. SIGNIFICANCE: The use of cell secretome presents several advantages over cell therapy such as the lower risks associated to the administration step and the avoidance of any potential risk of malignant transformation. The main secretome preparations consist in concentrated conditioned medium (CM) and extracellular vesicles (EV). Both of them showed well-documented therapeutic potentials. However, it is still not clear in which case it should be better to use one preparation over the other and an exhaustive comparison between their proteome has not been performed yet. The choice of the cell source is another relevant aspect that still needs to be addressed. In order to shed light on these questions we explored the protein composition of CM and EV obtained from Adipose-derived Stem/stromal Cells (ASC) and Dermal Fibroblasts (DF), by a comprehensive quantitative proteomics approach. The analysis showed a clear distinction between CM and EV proteome. CM were enriched in proteins of endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi apparatus and lysosomes, whereas EV contained a large amount of GTPases, ribosome and translation-related factors. Furthermore, the analysis of ASC and DF secretomes revealed specific biological processes for the different cell products. ASC secretome presented factors involved in ECM organization (hyaluronan and glycosaminoglycan metabolism) and immunological regulation (e.g. macrophage and IkB/NFkB signaling regulation), respectively. On the other hand, DF-CM and -EV were both enriched in epithelium development associated factors, whilst DF-CM in proteins involved in cellular processes regulation and -EV in Wnt signaling factors. In conclusion, our study shed a light on the different protein composition of CM and EV of two promising cell types, spanning from basic processes involved in secretion to specific pathways supporting their therapeutic potential and their possible future use as advanced therapy medicinal products.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Cinzia Magagnotti
- Proteomics and Metabolomics Facility (ProMeFa), IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy.
| | - Annapaola Andolfo
- Proteomics and Metabolomics Facility (ProMeFa), IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy.
| | - Anna Teresa Brini
- IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Galeazzi, Milan, Italy; Department of Biomedical, Surgical and Dental Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy.
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37
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Yudhawati R, Amin M, Rantam FA, Prasetya RR, Dewantari JR, Nastri AM, Poetranto ED, Wulandari L, Lusida MI, Koesnowidagdo S, Soegiarto G, Shimizu YK, Mori Y, Shimizu K. Bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells attenuate pulmonary inflammation and lung damage caused by highly pathogenic avian influenza A/H5N1 virus in BALB/c mice. BMC Infect Dis 2020; 20:823. [PMID: 33176722 PMCID: PMC7656227 DOI: 10.1186/s12879-020-05525-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2019] [Accepted: 10/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The highly pathogenic avian influenza A/H5N1 virus is one of the causative agents of acute lung injury (ALI) with high mortality rate. Studies on therapeutic administration of bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) in ALI caused by the viral infection have been limited in number and have shown conflicting results. The aim of the present investigation is to evaluate the therapeutic potential of MSC administration in A/H5N1-caused ALI, using a mouse model. METHODS MSCs were prepared from the bone marrow of 9 to 12 week-old BALB/c mice. An H5N1 virus of A/turkey/East Java/Av154/2013 was intranasally inoculated into BALB/c mice. On days 2, 4, and 6 after virus inoculation, MSCs were intravenously administered into the mice. To evaluate effects of the treatment, we examined for lung alveolar protein as an indicator for lung injury, PaO2/FiO2 ratio for lung functioning, and lung histopathology. Expressions of NF-κB, RAGE (transmembrane receptor for damage associated molecular patterns), TNFα, IL-1β, Sftpc (alveolar cell type II marker), and Aqp5+ (alveolar cell type I marker) were examined by immunohistochemistry. In addition, body weight, virus growth in lung and brain, and duration of survival were measured. RESULTS The administration of MSCs lowered the level of lung damage in the virus-infected mice, as shown by measuring lung alveolar protein, PaO2/FiO2 ratio, and histopathological score. In the MSC-treated group, the expressions of NF-κB, RAGE, TNFα, and IL-1β were significantly suppressed in comparison with a mock-treated group, while those of Sftpc and Aqp5+ were enhanced. Body weight, virus growth, and survival period were not significantly different between the groups. CONCLUSION The administration of MSCs prevented further lung injury and inflammation, and enhanced alveolar cell type II and I regeneration, while it did not significantly affect viral proliferation and mouse morbidity and mortality. The results suggested that MSC administration was a promissing strategy for treatment of acute lung injuries caused by the highly pathogenic avian influenza A/H5N1 virus, although further optimization and combination use of anti-viral drugs will be obviously required to achieve the goal of reducing mortality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Resti Yudhawati
- Indonesia-Japan Collaborative Research Center for Emerging and Re-emerging Infectious Diseases, Institute of Tropical Disease, Airlangga University, Surabaya, Indonesia. .,Department of Pulmonology and Respiratory Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Airlangga University, Surabaya, Indonesia.
| | - Muhammad Amin
- Department of Pulmonology and Respiratory Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Airlangga University, Surabaya, Indonesia
| | - Fedik A Rantam
- Department of Virology and Immunology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine / Stem Cell Research and Development Center, Airlangga University, Surabaya, Indonesia
| | - Rima R Prasetya
- Indonesia-Japan Collaborative Research Center for Emerging and Re-emerging Infectious Diseases, Institute of Tropical Disease, Airlangga University, Surabaya, Indonesia
| | - Jezzy R Dewantari
- Indonesia-Japan Collaborative Research Center for Emerging and Re-emerging Infectious Diseases, Institute of Tropical Disease, Airlangga University, Surabaya, Indonesia
| | - Aldise M Nastri
- Indonesia-Japan Collaborative Research Center for Emerging and Re-emerging Infectious Diseases, Institute of Tropical Disease, Airlangga University, Surabaya, Indonesia
| | - Emmanuel D Poetranto
- Indonesia-Japan Collaborative Research Center for Emerging and Re-emerging Infectious Diseases, Institute of Tropical Disease, Airlangga University, Surabaya, Indonesia
| | - Laksmi Wulandari
- Indonesia-Japan Collaborative Research Center for Emerging and Re-emerging Infectious Diseases, Institute of Tropical Disease, Airlangga University, Surabaya, Indonesia.,Department of Pulmonology and Respiratory Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Airlangga University, Surabaya, Indonesia
| | - Maria I Lusida
- Indonesia-Japan Collaborative Research Center for Emerging and Re-emerging Infectious Diseases, Institute of Tropical Disease, Airlangga University, Surabaya, Indonesia
| | - Soetjipto Koesnowidagdo
- Indonesia-Japan Collaborative Research Center for Emerging and Re-emerging Infectious Diseases, Institute of Tropical Disease, Airlangga University, Surabaya, Indonesia
| | - Gatot Soegiarto
- Indonesia-Japan Collaborative Research Center for Emerging and Re-emerging Infectious Diseases, Institute of Tropical Disease, Airlangga University, Surabaya, Indonesia
| | - Yohko K Shimizu
- Center for Infectious Diseases, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Japan
| | - Yasuko Mori
- Center for Infectious Diseases, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Japan
| | - Kazufumi Shimizu
- Indonesia-Japan Collaborative Research Center for Emerging and Re-emerging Infectious Diseases, Institute of Tropical Disease, Airlangga University, Surabaya, Indonesia. .,Center for Infectious Diseases, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Japan.
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Abstract
A potential ability of stem cells (SCs) is to regenerate and repair tissues in the human body by providing great prospects for therapeutic applications in the field of medicine. Currently, SC therapy is used in various conditions like diabetes, neurodegenerative disorders, etc. but faces some limitations like patient biocompatibility and chances of cross-infection. SCs are further modulated with nanoconjugates to overcome such challenges and will offer an advantage in the treatment of COVID-19. This pandemic requires design and development of proper treatment to save the life of human beings. Advancements in SC-based nanoconjugated therapy will open new avenues and create a significant impact in the development of futuristic nanomedicine. It may also emerge as a potential therapy for the management of infection in patients suffering from SARS-CoV-2 and related diseases such as pneumonia and virus-induced lung injuries. Mechanisms of stem cell-based nanoconjugates for inhibition of replication of corona virus. ![]()
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Jayaramayya K, Mahalaxmi I, Subramaniam MD, Raj N, Dayem AA, Lim KM, Kim SJ, An JY, Lee Y, Choi Y, Raj A, Cho SG, Vellingiri B. Immunomodulatory effect of mesenchymal stem cells and mesenchymal stem-cell-derived exosomes for COVID-19 treatment. BMB Rep 2020. [PMID: 32731913 PMCID: PMC7473478 DOI: 10.5483/bmbrep.2020.53.8.121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The world has witnessed unimaginable damage from the coronavirus disease-19 (COVID-19) pandemic. Because the pandemic is growing rapidly, it is important to consider diverse treatment options to effectively treat people worldwide. Since the immune system is at the hub of the infection, it is essential to regulate the dynamic balance in order to prevent the overexaggerated immune responses that subsequently result in multiorgan damage. The use of stem cells as treatment options has gained tremend-ous momentum in the past decade. The revolutionary mea-sures in science have brought to the world mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) and MSC-derived exosomes (MSC-Exo) as thera-peutic opportunities for various diseases. The MSCs and MSC-Exos have immunomodulatory functions; they can be used as therapy to strike a balance in the immune cells of patients with COVID-19. In this review, we discuss the basics of the cyto-kine storm in COVID-19, MSCs, and MSC-derived exosomes and the potential and stem-cell-based ongoing clinical trials for COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaavya Jayaramayya
- Human Molecular Cytogenetics and Stem Cell Laboratory, Department of Human Genetics and Molecular Biology, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore 641-046; Department of Zoology, Avinashilingam Institute for Home Science and Higher Education for Women, Coimbatore 641-043, India
| | - Iyer Mahalaxmi
- Department of Zoology, Avinashilingam Institute for Home Science and Higher Education for Women, Coimbatore 641-043, India
| | - Mohana Devi Subramaniam
- SN ONGC Department of Genetics and Molecular Biology, Vision Research Foundation, Sankara Nethralaya campus, Chennai 600-006, India
| | - Neethu Raj
- Human Molecular Cytogenetics and Stem Cell Laboratory, Department of Human Genetics and Molecular Biology, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore 641-046, India
| | - Ahmed Abdal Dayem
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biotechnology, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Korea
| | - Kyung Min Lim
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biotechnology, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Korea
| | - Se Jong Kim
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biotechnology, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Korea
| | - Jong Yub An
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biotechnology, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Korea
| | - Yoonjoo Lee
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biotechnology, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Korea
| | - Yujin Choi
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biotechnology, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Korea
| | - Arthi Raj
- Human Molecular Cytogenetics and Stem Cell Laboratory, Department of Human Genetics and Molecular Biology, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore 641-046, India
| | - Ssang-Goo Cho
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biotechnology, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Korea
| | - Balachandar Vellingiri
- Human Molecular Cytogenetics and Stem Cell Laboratory, Department of Human Genetics and Molecular Biology, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore 641-046, India
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Immunomodulatory and Therapeutic Effects of Mesenchymal Stem Cells on Organ Dysfunction in Sepsis. Shock 2020; 55:423-440. [PMID: 32826813 DOI: 10.1097/shk.0000000000001644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
ABSTRACT Sepsis is a life-threatening disorder that is caused by a dysregulated inflammatory response during an infection. The disease mostly affects pregnant women, newborns, and patients in intensive care units. Sepsis treatment is a significant part of a country's health budgets. Delay in the therapy causes irreversible failure of various organs due to the lack of blood supply and reduction of oxygen in the tissues and eventually increased mortality. The involvement of four or five organs by sepsis has been attributed to an increased risk of death to over 90%. Although antibiotics are at the first line of sepsis treatment, they do not possess enough potency to control the disease and prevent subsequent organ failure. The immunomodulatory, anti-inflammatory, anti-apoptotic, and anti-microbial properties of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have been reported in various studies. Therefore, the application of MSCs has been considered a potentially promising therapeutic strategy. In preclinical studies, the administration of MSCs has been associated with reduced bacterial load and decreased levels of pro-inflammatory factors as well as the improved function of the different vital organs, including heart, kidney, liver, and lungs. The current study provides a brief review of sepsis and its pathophysiology, and then highlights recent findings in the therapeutic effects of MSCs and MSC-derived secretome in improving sepsis-induced organ dysfunction. Besides, eligible sepsis candidates for MSC-therapy and the latest clinical findings in these areas have been reviewed.
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Maurya CK, Misra R, Sharma P, Singh N, Awasthi H, Agrawal R, Misra S, Dwivedi S. Novel Stem Cells and Nucleic Acid-Based Vaccine Trials Against Viral Outbreak: A Systematic Evaluation During COVID-2019 Pandemic. Indian J Clin Biochem 2020; 35:397-409. [PMID: 32837030 PMCID: PMC7347658 DOI: 10.1007/s12291-020-00907-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2020] [Accepted: 06/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The current Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) outbreak, the cause of coronavirus disease (COVID-19), has influenced health globally. So far, there are no established management options and prophylaxis for those who have been exposed to SARS-CoV-2, and those who develop COVID-19. Documented scientific evidences in similar viral outbreaks in past suggested few therapy regimens. These rather have not shown promising results in management of current pandemic. So, in the current review, we are exploring novel treatment strategies and therapies that are being explored and are in clinical and preclinical stages of research. To explore more about the same, we directed our search towards stem cell based, DNA based, or RNA based vaccines against COVID-19 under development by various universities, institutes or pharmaceutical companies. The current scientific literature and database search were performed by exploring various Trials registry (NIH: https://clinicaltrials.gov/ and https://www.coronavirus.gov) and Chinese clinical trial registry http://www.chictr.org.cn/) and for preclinical trials various University, Institutions, Pharmaceutical companies websites and news bulletins along with google search were checked routinely from 3rd March 2020 to 16 May 2020. The term "Stem Cell therapy and COVID-19", "Mesenchymal stem cell and corona 2019 virus", "DNA Vaccines and COVID-19, RNA Vaccines and COVID-19" and "Cell-based therapy with SARS-CoV-2, University/Institutions and COVID-19 research" were used. The vaccine trials (Stem Cells/DNA/RNA) which were cancelled were not included in this review. Similarly, few others like repurposing of drugs, Nano Vaccines, other miscellaneous trials of Herbs, Music therapy etc., were also excluded. In the present review, we have included the various novel therapies like stem cell therapy, DNA or RNA vaccines which are under development and if proven successful may have a lasting impact on the health industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chandan Kumar Maurya
- Department of Biochemistry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Gorakhpur, 273008 India
| | - Radhieka Misra
- Era’s Lucknow Medical College, and Hospital, Lucknow, 226003 India
| | - Praveen Sharma
- Department of Biochemistry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Jodhpur, 342005 India
| | - Neha Singh
- Department of Biotechnology, Sam Higginbottom University of Agriculture, Technology and Sciences, Prayagraj, 211007 India
| | - Harshita Awasthi
- Department of Biochemistry, Lucknow University Lucknow, Lucknow, 226007 India
| | - Ruchika Agrawal
- Department of Ear Nose and Throat, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Gorakhpur, 273008 India
| | - Sanjeev Misra
- Department of Surgical Oncology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Jodhpur, 342005 India
| | - Shailendra Dwivedi
- Department of Biochemistry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Gorakhpur, 273008 India
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Raza SS, Khan MA. Mesenchymal Stem Cells: A new front emerge in COVID19 treatment. Cytotherapy 2020; 24:755-766. [PMID: 35880307 PMCID: PMC7362822 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcyt.2020.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2020] [Revised: 06/08/2020] [Accepted: 07/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Currently, treating coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) patients, particularly those afflicted with severe pneumonia, is challenging, as no effective pharmacotherapy for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) exists. Severe pneumonia is recognized as a clinical syndrome characterized by hyper-induction of pro-inflammatory cytokine production, which can induce organ damage, followed by edema, dysfunction of air exchange, acute respiratory distress syndrome, acute cardiac injury, secondary infection and increased mortality. Owing to the immunoregulatory and differentiation potential of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), we aimed to outline current insights into the clinical application of MSCs in COVID-19 patients. Based on results from preliminary clinical investigations, it can be predicted that MSC therapy for patients infected with SARS-CoV-2 is safe and effective, although multiple clinical trials with a protracted follow-up will be necessary to determine the long-term effects of the treatment on COVID-19 patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Syed Shadab Raza
- Department of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Era's Lucknow Medical College Hospital, Era University, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India.
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Khoury M, Cuenca J, Cruz FF, Figueroa FE, Rocco PRM, Weiss DJ. Current status of cell-based therapies for respiratory virus infections: applicability to COVID-19. Eur Respir J 2020; 55:13993003.00858-2020. [PMID: 32265310 PMCID: PMC7144273 DOI: 10.1183/13993003.00858-2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 172] [Impact Index Per Article: 43.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2020] [Accepted: 04/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The severe respiratory consequences of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic have prompted urgent need for novel therapies. Cell-based approaches, primarily using mesenchymal stem (stromal) cells (MSCs), have demonstrated safety and possible efficacy in patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), although they are not yet well studied in respiratory virus-induced ARDS. Limited pre-clinical data suggest that systemic MSC administration can significantly reduce respiratory virus (influenza strains H5N1 and H9N2)-induced lung injury; however, there are no available data in models of coronavirus respiratory infection.There is a rapidly increasing number of clinical investigations of cell-based therapy approaches for COVID-19. These utilise a range of different cell sources, doses, dosing strategies and targeted patient populations. To provide a rational strategy to maximise potential therapeutic use, it is critically important to understand the relevant pre-clinical studies and postulated mechanisms of MSC actions in respiratory virus-induced lung injuries. This review presents these, along with consideration of current clinical investigations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maroun Khoury
- Laboratory of Nano-Regenerative Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de los Andes, Santiago, Chile .,Cells for Cells and consorcio Regenero, Chilean Consortium for Regenerative Medicine, Santiago, Chile.,M. Khoury and D.J. Weiss contributed equally as lead authors of the study
| | - Jimena Cuenca
- Laboratory of Nano-Regenerative Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de los Andes, Santiago, Chile.,Cells for Cells and consorcio Regenero, Chilean Consortium for Regenerative Medicine, Santiago, Chile
| | - Fernanda F Cruz
- Laboratory of Pulmonary Investigation, Carlos Chagas Filho Institute of Biophysics, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.,National Institute of Science and Technology for Regenerative Medicine, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Fernando E Figueroa
- Laboratory of Nano-Regenerative Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de los Andes, Santiago, Chile.,Cells for Cells and consorcio Regenero, Chilean Consortium for Regenerative Medicine, Santiago, Chile
| | - Patricia R M Rocco
- Laboratory of Pulmonary Investigation, Carlos Chagas Filho Institute of Biophysics, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.,National Institute of Science and Technology for Regenerative Medicine, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Daniel J Weiss
- Dept of Medicine, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, USA.,M. Khoury and D.J. Weiss contributed equally as lead authors of the study
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Taghavi-Farahabadi M, Mahmoudi M, Soudi S, Hashemi SM. Hypothesis for the management and treatment of the COVID-19-induced acute respiratory distress syndrome and lung injury using mesenchymal stem cell-derived exosomes. Med Hypotheses 2020; 144:109865. [PMID: 32562911 PMCID: PMC7242964 DOI: 10.1016/j.mehy.2020.109865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2020] [Accepted: 05/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is a member of the coronaviridae that causes respiratory disorders. After infection, large amounts of inflammatory cytokines are secreted, known as the cytokine storm. These cytokines can cause pulmonary damage induced by inflammation resulting in acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), and even death. One of the therapeutic approaches for treatment of ARDS is a mesenchymal stem cell (MSC). MSCs suppress inflammation and reduce lung injury through their immunomodulatory properties. MSCs also have the potential to prevent apoptosis of the lung cells and regenerate them. But our suggestion is using MSCs-derived exosomes. Because these exosomes apply the same immunomodulatory and tissue repair effects of MSCs and they don’t have problems associated to cell maintenance and injections. For investigation the hypothesis, MSCs should be isolated from tissues and characterized. Then, the exosomes should be isolated from the supernatants and characterized. These exosomes should be injected into a transgenic animal for COVID-19. In the final section, lung function assessment, histological examination, micro-CT, differential leukocyte, viral load analysis, cytokine assay, and CRP level analysis can be investigated. COVID-19 treatment is currently focused on supportive therapies and no vaccine has been developed for it. So, numerous researches are needed to find potential therapies. Since the pathogenesis of this disease was identified in previous studies and can cause lung injury with ARDS, investigation of the therapeutic approaches that can suppress inflammation, cytokine storm and ARDS can be helpful in finding a novel therapeutic approach for this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahsa Taghavi-Farahabadi
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Mahmoudi
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sara Soudi
- Department of immunology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Seyed Mahmoud Hashemi
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Department of Tissue Engineering and Applied Cell Sciences, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Urogenital Stem Cell Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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Kunze KN, Burnett RA, Wright-Chisem J, Frank RM, Chahla J. Adipose-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cell Treatments and Available Formulations. Curr Rev Musculoskelet Med 2020; 13:264-280. [PMID: 32328959 DOI: 10.1007/s12178-020-09624-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW The use of human adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells (ADSCs) has gained attention due to its potential to expedite healing and the ease of harvesting; however, clinical evidence is limited, and questions concerning optimal method of delivery and long-term outcomes remain unanswered. RECENT FINDINGS Administration of ADSCs in animal models has been reported to aid in improved healing benefits with enhanced repair biomechanics, superior gross histological appearance of injury sites, and higher concentrations of growth factors associated with healing compared to controls. Recently, an increasing body of research has sought to examine the effects of ADSCs in humans. Several available processing techniques and formulations for ADSCs exist with evidence to suggest benefits with the use of ADSCs, but the superiority of any one method is not clear. Evidence from the most recent clinical studies available demonstrates promising outcomes following treatment of select musculoskeletal pathologies with ADSCs despite reporting variability among ADSCs harvesting and processing; these include (1) healing benefits and pain improvement for rotator cuff and Achilles tendinopathies, (2) improvements in pain and function in those with knee and hip osteoarthritis, and (3) improved cartilage regeneration for osteochondral focal defects of the knee and talus. The limitation to most of this literature is the use of other therapeutic biologics in combination with ADSCs. Additionally, many studies lack control groups, making establishment of causation inappropriate. It is imperative to perform higher-quality studies using consistent, predictable control populations and to standardize formulations of ADSCs in these trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyle N Kunze
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Division of Sports Medicine, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Robert A Burnett
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Division of Sports Medicine, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Joshua Wright-Chisem
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, NY, USA
| | - Rachel M Frank
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Division of Sports Medicine, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Boulder, CO, USA
| | - Jorge Chahla
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Division of Sports Medicine, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA.
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Banijamali RS, Soleimanjahi H, Soudi S, Karimi H, Abdoli A, Seyed Khorrami SM, Zandi K. Kinetics of Oncolytic Reovirus T3D Replication and Growth Pattern in Mesenchymal Stem Cells. CELL JOURNAL 2019; 22:283-292. [PMID: 31863653 PMCID: PMC6947011 DOI: 10.22074/cellj.2020.6686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2019] [Accepted: 04/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Objective Currently, application of oncolytic-virus in cancer treatment of clinical trials are growing. Oncolytic-reovirus
is an attractive anti-cancer therapeutic agent for clinical testing. Many studies used mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) as
a carrier cell to enhance the delivery and quality of treatment with oncolytic-virotherapy. But, biosynthetic capacity and
behavior of cells in response to viral infections are different. The infecting process of reoviruses takes from two-hours
to one-week, depends on host cell and the duration of different stages of virus replication cycle. The latter includes
the binding of virus particle, entry, uncoating, assembly and release of progeny-viruses. We evaluated the timing
and infection cycle of reovirus type-3 strain Dearing (T3D), using one-step replication experiment by molecular and
conventional methods in MSCs and L929 cell as control.
Materials and Methods In this experimental study, L929 and adipose-derived MSCs were infected with different
multiplicities of infection (MOI) of reovirus T3D. At different time points, the quantity of progeny viruses has been
measured using virus titration assay and quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) to investigate
the ability of these cells to support the reovirus replication. One-step growth cycle were examined by 50% cell culture
infectious dose (CCID50) and qRT-PCR.
Results The growth curve of reovirus in cells shows that MOI: 1 might be optimal for virus production compared to higher
and lower MOIs. The maximum quantity of virus production using MOI: 1 was achieved at 48-hours post-infection. The
infectious virus titer became stationary at 72-hours post-infection and then gradually decreased. The virus cytopathic
effect was obvious in MSCs and this cells were susceptible to reovirus infection and support the virus replication.
Conclusion Our data highlights the timing schedule for reovirus replication, kinetics models and burst size. Further
investigation is recommended to better understanding of the challenges and opportunities, for using MSCs loaded with
reovirus in cancer-therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Razieh Sadat Banijamali
- Department of Virology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hoorieh Soleimanjahi
- Department of Virology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran. Electronic Address:
| | - Sara Soudi
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hesam Karimi
- Department of Virology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Asghar Abdoli
- Department of Hepatitis and AIDS, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Keivan Zandi
- Center for AIDS Research, Laboratory of Biochemical Pharmacology, Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
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Park SJ, Onizuka S, Seki M, Suzuki Y, Iwata T, Nakai K. A systematic sequencing-based approach for microbial contaminant detection and functional inference. BMC Biol 2019; 17:72. [PMID: 31519179 PMCID: PMC6743104 DOI: 10.1186/s12915-019-0690-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2019] [Accepted: 08/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Microbial contamination poses a major difficulty for successful data analysis in biological and biomedical research. Computational approaches utilizing next-generation sequencing (NGS) data offer promising diagnostics to assess the presence of contaminants. However, as host cells are often contaminated by multiple microorganisms, these approaches require careful attention to intra- and interspecies sequence similarities, which have not yet been fully addressed. Results We present a computational approach that rigorously investigates the genomic origins of sequenced reads, including those mapped to multiple species that have been discarded in previous studies. Through the analysis of large-scale synthetic and public NGS samples, we estimate that 1000–100,000 contaminating microbial reads are detected per million host reads sequenced by RNA-seq. The microbe catalog we established included Cutibacterium as a prevalent contaminant, suggesting that contamination mostly originates from the laboratory environment. Importantly, by applying a systematic method to infer the functional impact of contamination, we revealed that host-contaminant interactions cause profound changes in the host molecular landscapes, as exemplified by changes in inflammatory and apoptotic pathways during Mycoplasma infection of lymphoma cells. Conclusions We provide a computational method for profiling microbial contamination on NGS data and suggest that sources of contamination in laboratory reagents and the experimental environment alter the molecular landscape of host cells leading to phenotypic changes. These findings reinforce the concept that precise determination of the origins and functional impacts of contamination is imperative for quality research and illustrate the usefulness of the proposed approach to comprehensively characterize contamination landscapes. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12915-019-0690-0) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sung-Joon Park
- Human Genome Center, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, 108-8693, Japan
| | - Satoru Onizuka
- Institute of Advanced Biomedical Engineering and Science, Tokyo Women's Medical University, Tokyo, 162-8666, Japan.,Division of Periodontology, Department of Oral Function, Kyushu Dental University, Fukuoka, 803-8580, Japan
| | - Masahide Seki
- Department of Computational Biology and Medical Sciences, Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Kashiwa, 277-8568, Japan
| | - Yutaka Suzuki
- Department of Computational Biology and Medical Sciences, Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Kashiwa, 277-8568, Japan
| | - Takanori Iwata
- Institute of Advanced Biomedical Engineering and Science, Tokyo Women's Medical University, Tokyo, 162-8666, Japan.,Department of Periodontology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, 113-8549, Japan
| | - Kenta Nakai
- Human Genome Center, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, 108-8693, Japan. .,Department of Computational Biology and Medical Sciences, Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Kashiwa, 277-8568, Japan.
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Challenges and Controversies in Human Mesenchymal Stem Cell Therapy. Stem Cells Int 2019; 2019:9628536. [PMID: 31093291 PMCID: PMC6481040 DOI: 10.1155/2019/9628536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 299] [Impact Index Per Article: 59.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2018] [Accepted: 03/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Stem cell therapy is being intensely investigated within the last years. Expectations are high regarding mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) treatment in translational medicine. However, many aspects concerning MSC therapy should be profoundly defined. Due to a variety of approaches that are investigated, potential effects of stem cell therapy are not transparent. On the other hand, most results of MSC administration in vivo have confirmed their safety and showed promising beneficial outcomes. However, the therapeutic effects of MSC-based treatment are still not spectacular and there is a potential risk related to MSC applications into specific cell niche that should be considered in long-term observations and follow-up outcomes. In this review, we intend to address some problems and critically discuss the complex nature of MSCs in the context of their effective and safe applications in regenerative medicine in different diseases including graft versus host disease (GvHD) and cardiac, neurological, and orthopedic disorders.
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Behzadi Fard M, Kaviani S, Atashi A. Parvovirus B19 Infection in Human Bone Marrow Mesenchymal Stem Cells Affects Gene Expression of IL-6 and TNF-α and also Affects Hematopoietic Stem Cells Differentiation. Indian J Hematol Blood Transfus 2019; 35:765-772. [PMID: 31741634 DOI: 10.1007/s12288-019-01097-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2018] [Accepted: 02/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Parvovirus B19 (B19V) has been known to induce transient erythroid aplasia, cytopenia and aplastic anemia. This virus persists in bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (HBMSCs) of some immunocompetent individuals several years after primary infection. In B19V infected erythroid progenitor cells, the virus induces transactivation of Interleukin-6 (IL-6) and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) gene expression. Due the critical role of HBMSCs in bone marrow niche and inhibitory effect of inflammatory cytokines on hematopoiesis, the aim of this study was to investigate the effect of B19V on IL-6 and TNF-α gene expression intransfected cells. In addition we assessed the clonogenicity potential of cord blood CD34+ stem cells that were co-cultured with infected cells. After 24 h of transfection, quantitative mRNA expression of IL-6 and TNF-α was evaluated and human cord blood CD34+ HSC were cultured with the transfected cells. At the end of 7 days of culture, HSCs colony forming units (CFUs) assay was performed. Our findings demonstrated statistically significant (18.1 and 21.9 fold) increase of TNF-α and IL-6 gene expression respectively and decrease in burst forming unit-erythrocyte (BFU-E) and colony forming unit-erythrocyte (CFU-E) enumeration(p < 0.05). We concluded that, inducing inflammatory cytokines gene expression in B19V-infected HBMSCs might influence on bone marrow microenvironment and hematopoiesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahin Behzadi Fard
- 1Department of Hematology and Blood Banking, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Saeid Kaviani
- 2Department of Hematology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Amir Atashi
- 3Stem Cell and Tissue Engineering Research Center, Shahroud University of Medical Sciences, Shahroud, Iran
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Li H, Rong P, Ma X, Nie W, Chen C, Yang C, Zhang J, Dong Q, Wang W. Paracrine effect of mesenchymal stem cell as a novel therapeutic strategy for diabetic nephropathy. Life Sci 2018; 215:113-118. [PMID: 30399376 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2018.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2018] [Revised: 10/25/2018] [Accepted: 11/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Diabetic nephropathy (DN) is a microvascular complication of diabetes mellitus (DM) and the main reason for end-stage renal diseases (ESRD). Based on the role of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) in regenerative medicine, the MSC therapy has been considered a promising strategy to ameliorate the progression of DN. In this article, we review the therapeutic potential of MSCs in DN, mainly involving MSC paracrine mechanism based on trophic factors and extracellular vesicles. Knowledge of mechanism underlying the therapeutic action of MSCs on DN can provide much needed new drug targets for this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongde Li
- Cell Transplantation and Gene Therapy Institute, The Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China; Department of Radiology, The Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Pengfei Rong
- Cell Transplantation and Gene Therapy Institute, The Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China; Department of Radiology, The Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Xiaoqian Ma
- Cell Transplantation and Gene Therapy Institute, The Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China; Department of Radiology, The Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Wei Nie
- Cell Transplantation and Gene Therapy Institute, The Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China; Department of Radiology, The Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Cheng Chen
- Cell Transplantation and Gene Therapy Institute, The Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China; Department of Radiology, The Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Cejun Yang
- Cell Transplantation and Gene Therapy Institute, The Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China; Department of Radiology, The Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Juan Zhang
- Cell Transplantation and Gene Therapy Institute, The Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China; Department of Radiology, The Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Qiong Dong
- Cell Transplantation and Gene Therapy Institute, The Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China; Department of Radiology, The Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Wei Wang
- Cell Transplantation and Gene Therapy Institute, The Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China; Department of Radiology, The Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.
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