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Daniel LC, Catarozoli C, Crabtree VM, Bridgeman M, van Litsenburg R, Irestorm E. Sleep interventions in pediatric oncology: A systematic review of the evidence. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2024; 71:e31202. [PMID: 39030915 DOI: 10.1002/pbc.31202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2024] [Revised: 06/27/2024] [Accepted: 07/02/2024] [Indexed: 07/22/2024]
Abstract
Sleep concerns are common during pediatric cancer treatment and can last into survivorship. The current systematic review sought to identify intervention studies that addressed sleep as a primary or secondary outcome during pediatric cancer treatment up to 5 years after completing treatment. Quality assessment was rated using the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development, and Evaluation (GRADE) system. The review identified 16 studies with a total of 943 participants that tested a wide range of interventions including psycho-educational, stress management techniques, medications, and physical activity. Most studies included tested interventions in small samples. None of the included studies had a high risk of bias for all domains, but all included studies had a high risk of bias for at least two risk domains. Several feasible pilot studies were identified that warrant further research to test efficacy. Implications for future research and clinical practice to manage sleep concerns are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Elin Irestorm
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Paediatrics, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
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2
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Garbers S, Ancheta AJ, Gold MA, Maier M, Bruzzese JM. Sleeping Healthy, Living Healthy: Using Iterative, Participatory Processes to Develop and Adapt an Integrated Sleep Hygiene/Mind-Body Integrative Health Intervention for Urban Adolescents. Health Promot Pract 2024; 25:865-875. [PMID: 37491898 PMCID: PMC10808277 DOI: 10.1177/15248399231184453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/27/2023]
Abstract
Racial and ethnic minority adolescents living in urban settings experience sleep disparities. Few interventions have been developed to address these disparities. Guided by principles of participatory design and inclusion, our team developed a novel intervention that combined sleep hygiene education with mind-body integrative health (MBIH) practices to improve sleep quality among adolescents in New York City. The goal of this article is to describe our iterative development and design process, the final product, and future directions. Our participatory approach incorporated information from formative work with adolescents having lived experience, practitioners, and syntheses of published literature. The final intervention-Sleeping Healthy, Living Healthy-consists of six, 40-minute group sessions and one 20-minute individual session designed for high school students. Each session has a set of learning objectives, combining instruction, group activities, and discussions on sleep hygiene and MBIH topics. Our manualized intervention includes handouts created by a graphic design team that served as a review and reminder for home practice. We describe intervention implementation to two unique cohorts and detail our methods used to fine-tune the intervention between cohorts. Our partnership with and insights from both adolescents and practitioners serve as a guide for researchers aiming to use participatory methods to develop interventions to decrease health disparities in specific populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samantha Garbers
- Columbia University Mailman School of Public Health, New York, NY, USA
| | - April J. Ancheta
- University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Melanie A. Gold
- Columbia University Mailman School of Public Health, New York, NY, USA
- NewYork-Presbyterian, New York, NY USA
| | - Malia Maier
- Columbia University Mailman School of Public Health, New York, NY, USA
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Luo X, Zhang A, Li H, Li Y, Ying F, Wang X, Yang Q, Zhang Z, Huang G. The role of arts therapies in mitigating Sleep Initiation and Maintenance Disorders: a systematic review. Front Psychiatry 2024; 15:1386529. [PMID: 38818021 PMCID: PMC11137235 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2024.1386529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2024] [Accepted: 05/01/2024] [Indexed: 06/01/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Arts therapies offer effective non-pharmacological intervention for Sleep Initiation and Maintenance Disorders (SIMDs), encompassing both passive and active modalities. This review assesses their effectiveness and ethical considerations, focusing on music therapy, meditation, and Tai Chi. Methods Following PRISMA guidelines, a detailed search across PubMed, the Cochrane Library, Web of Science, and CNKI identified 17 relevant RCTs. Utilizing the Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) quality criteria and the PICO(S) framework for data extraction ensured methodological integrity. Results Analysis shows arts therapies significantly improve sleep quality. Music therapy and meditation yield immediate benefits, while Tai Chi and Qigong require longer commitment for significant outcomes. Discussion The link between SIMDs and mental health issues like anxiety, stress, and depression suggests arts therapies not only enhance sleep quality but also address underlying mental health conditions. The evidence supports a wider adoption of arts therapies in treating SIMDs due to their dual benefits. Systematic review registration PROSPERO, ID: CRD42024506393.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuexing Luo
- Faculty of Humanities and Arts, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macao, Macao SAR, China
| | - Aijia Zhang
- Faculty of Humanities and Arts, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macao, Macao SAR, China
| | - Hong Li
- Faculty of Humanities and Arts, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macao, Macao SAR, China
| | - Yu Li
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicines, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macao, Macao SAR, China
- Faculty of Chinese Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macao, Macao SAR, China
| | - Fangtian Ying
- Faculty of Humanities and Arts, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macao, Macao SAR, China
- College of Computer Science and Technology Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Operation Management Centre, Guangzhou Wanqu Cooperative Institute of Design, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Xiaoli Wang
- Qinghai Province Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascdular Disease Specialist Hospital, Xining, Qinghai, China
| | - Qianxu Yang
- Centre for Epidemiology and Evidence-Based Practice, Department of Social and Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Zheyu Zhang
- Faculty of Humanities and Arts, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macao, Macao SAR, China
| | - Guanghui Huang
- Faculty of Humanities and Arts, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macao, Macao SAR, China
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Xu H, Liu J, Li P, Liang Y. Effects of mind-body exercise on perimenopausal and postmenopausal women: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Menopause 2024; 31:457-467. [PMID: 38669625 DOI: 10.1097/gme.0000000000002336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/28/2024]
Abstract
IMPORTANCE The increasing attention to the management of perimenopausal and postmenopausal women parallels the growth of the aging population. Although hormone therapy is commonly used to alleviate menopausal symptoms, it carries a potential risk of cancer. Recently, mind-body exercises have emerged as innovative approaches for improving menopausal symptoms and bone health. However, research findings have needed to be more consistent, highlighting the significance of this study's systematic review of mind-body exercise effects on perimenopausal and postmenopausal women. OBJECTIVE This study aims to evaluate the impact of mind-body exercises, including tai chi, yoga, Pilates, qigong, baduanjin, and mindfulness-based stress reduction, on bone mineral density, sleep quality, anxiety, depression, and fatigue among perimenopausal and postmenopausal women. EVIDENCE REVIEW Four electronic databases-PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, and Web of Science-were systematically searched from inception until July 2023. The search focused exclusively on randomized controlled trials to examine the impact of mind-body exercise interventions on perimenopausal and postmenopausal women. The methodological quality of the included studies was evaluated using the Cochrane Bias Risk Assessment tool. FINDINGS A total of 11 randomized controlled trials, comprising 1,005 participants, were included in the analysis. Traditional meta-analysis indicated that mind-body exercise significantly enhanced bone mineral density in perimenopausal and postmenopausal women compared with control groups, with a standardized mean difference (SMD) of 0.41 (95% CI, 0.17 to 0.66; P = 0.001, I2 = 7%). In addition, significant improvements were observed in sleep quality (SMD, -0.48; 95% CI, -0.78 to -0.17; P = 0.002, I2 = 76%), anxiety reduction (SMD, -0.80; 95% CI, -1.23 to -0.38; P = 0.0002, I2 = 84%), depressive mood (SMD, -0.80; 95% CI, -1.17 to -0.44; P < 0.0001, I2 = 79%), and fatigue (SMD, -0.67; 95% CI, -0.97 to -0.37; P < 0.0001, I2 = 0%). CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE The findings of this meta-analysis demonstrate that mind-body exercise positively influences bone mineral density, sleep quality, anxiety, depression, and fatigue among perimenopausal and postmenopausal women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Xu
- From the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Chengdu Shuangliu District Maternal and Child Health Hospital, Chengdu, China
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Sangameswaran S, Laine M, Reid N, Xie SJ, Zampino L, Garrison MM, Rosenberg DE, Yip JC, Hartzler AL. Co-designing mind-body technologies for sleep with adolescents. AMIA ... ANNUAL SYMPOSIUM PROCEEDINGS. AMIA SYMPOSIUM 2024; 2023:1257-1266. [PMID: 38222402 PMCID: PMC10785901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2024]
Abstract
Sleep is critical for well-being, yet adolescents do not get enough sleep. Mind-body approaches can help. Despite the potential of technology to support mind-body approaches for sleep, there is a lack of research on adolescent preferences for digital mind-body technology. We use co-design to examine adolescent perspectives on mind-body technologies for sleep. From our analysis of design sessions with 16 adolescents, four major themes emerged: system behavior, modality, content, and context. In light of these key findings, we recommend that technology-based mind-body approaches to sleep for adolescents be designed to 1) serve multiple functions while avoiding distractions, 2) provide intelligent content while maintaining privacy and trust, 3) provide a variety of content with the ability to customize and personalize, 4) offer multiple modalities for interaction with technology, and 5) consider the context of adolescent and their families. Findings provide a foundation for designing mind-body technologies for adolescent sleep.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Nick Reid
- University of Washington, Seattle, WA
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DeBellis JE, Ellison KJ, McMillan L, Duffey J. Insomnia in the Veteran Population: A Sleep Health and Wellness Intervention. J Holist Nurs 2023; 41:335-346. [PMID: 37016765 DOI: 10.1177/08980101231162432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/06/2023]
Abstract
The purpose of this evidence-based project (EBP) was to determine if an evidence-based sleep health and wellness intervention improved sleep in veterans self-reporting a history of insomnia. Insomnia can negatively affect an individual's physical and psychological well-being, as well as increase health-care costs and decrease the overall quality of life. The intervention utilized a combination of insomnia treatments, delivered to two American Legion veteran participant groups: an Alabama American Legion Retreat and individuals at an American Legion Post site. The holistic-focused modalities used in this intervention included Cognitive Behavioral Therapy for Insomnia (CBT-I) techniques, sleep hygiene principles, and Complementary and Alternative Medicine (CAM) methods. The measurement tool, the Insomnia Severity Index (ISI), indicated statistically significant changes in the severity of participants' self-reported insomnia. Based upon the research evidence and results of the pre- and post-test ISI, a more permanent, ongoing sleep health and wellness intervention is feasible and would have numerous beneficial effects for the veteran's management of insomnia symptoms. Future efforts include implementing sleep hygiene, CAM interventions, and holistic nursing-supported education interventions at other sites and venues within the Alabama American Legion, as well as maintaining long-term community partnerships with veteran groups such as the Alabama American Legion.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - John Duffey
- College of Nursing, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, USA
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7
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Maier MC, Scharf JY, Gold MA, Ancheta AJ, Bruzzese JM, Garbers S. 'Our mind could be our biggest challenge': A qualitative analysis of urban adolescents' sleep experiences and opportunities for mind-body integrative health approaches to improve sleep. PEC INNOVATION 2023; 2:100130. [PMID: 37214498 PMCID: PMC10194289 DOI: 10.1016/j.pecinn.2023.100130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2022] [Revised: 01/20/2023] [Accepted: 01/23/2023] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Objective To inform the development of a combined sleep and mind-body integrative health (MBIH) intervention, we explored urban adolescents' sleep experiences and perceptions of MBIH techniques. Methods We conducted eight focus groups with school-based health center patients in New York City, exploring sleep experiences; mindfulness, body awareness, tapping, acupressure, and self-hypnosis; and intervention delivery preferences. We recorded, transcribed, and analyzed the discussions applying methods from grounded theory. Results Participants (n = 25) were ages 14-17, predominantly female (64%), Latino (60%), and Black (40%). Participants reported social, physical, and internal sleep barriers, but had limited success implementing sleep improvement strategies. Participants viewed MBIH techniques positively, noted audio-guided techniques' accessibility, and were intrigued by less-familiar techniques. Preferences varied around domains of intervention delivery. Conclusion Results underscore the need for adolescent-informed interventions offering sleep improvement strategies. Participants' interest and willingness to engage in MBIH techniques present an opportunity for practitioners to develop and deliver sleep interventions incorporating MBIH components to urban adolescents. Varied intervention preferences highlight the need to be adaptable to adolescents' lived experiences, comfort levels, and learning styles. Innovation This study elucidates the perspectives of underrepresented adolescents whose perspectives on MBIH have rarely been explored, an important first step in developing tailored interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Malia C. Maier
- Heilbrunn Department of Population and Family Health, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Jodi Y. Scharf
- Heilbrunn Department of Population and Family Health, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Melanie A. Gold
- Heilbrunn Department of Population and Family Health, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
- Division of Child and Adolescent Health, Department of Pediatrics, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
- School-Based Health Centers, New York-Presbyterian, USA
| | | | | | - Samantha Garbers
- Heilbrunn Department of Population and Family Health, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
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Zhang Y, Murphy J, Lammers-van der Holst HM, Barger LK, Lai YJ, Duffy JF. Interventions to improve the sleep of nurses: A systematic review. Res Nurs Health 2023; 46:462-484. [PMID: 37710916 PMCID: PMC10539041 DOI: 10.1002/nur.22337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2023] [Revised: 08/03/2023] [Accepted: 08/18/2023] [Indexed: 09/16/2023]
Abstract
Nurses are at a high risk for short sleep duration and poor sleep quality due to irregular work schedules and high occupational stress. Considering the effect of nurses' sleep on the safety and health of themselves and their patients, it is important to promote healthy sleep for nurses. We sought to synthesize the published experimental and quasi-experimental studies that address interventions to improve sleep in nurses. A systematic search was conducted for studies published in English up until May 15, 2023, using the databases PubMed, CINAHL, Academic Search Ultimate, and PsycINFO. In total, 38 articles were included, covering 22 experimental and 16 quasi-experimental studies with sample sizes ranging from 9 to 207. Studies were assessed using the Cochrane Risk of Bias tool and considered as low to medium quality. Thirty-six of the 38 studies reported positive findings for at least one sleep outcome. Intervention types included aroma therapy, dietary supplements, cognitive behavioral therapy, light therapy, mind-body therapy, sleep education, exercise, napping, shift schedule modification, and multicomponent intervention, all of which showed moderate effectiveness in promoting sleep outcomes of nurses. Comparing and contrasting studies on specific interventions for improving sleep in nurses is sparse and often equivocal. With the variations of research methodology and outcome measures, it is difficult to make a conclusion about each intervention's effectiveness on specific sleep outcomes. Additional high-quality research, including randomized controlled trials, is needed to evaluate strategies for improving sleep in this unique, safety-sensitive occupational group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Zhang
- Solomont School of Nursing, Zuckerberg College of Health Sciences, University of Massachusetts Lowell, Lowell, MA 01854
| | - Jennifer Murphy
- Solomont School of Nursing, Zuckerberg College of Health Sciences, University of Massachusetts Lowell, Lowell, MA 01854
| | | | - Laura K. Barger
- Division of Sleep and Circadian Disorders, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA 02115
- Division of Sleep Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115
| | - Yun-Ju Lai
- Solomont School of Nursing, Zuckerberg College of Health Sciences, University of Massachusetts Lowell, Lowell, MA 01854
| | - Jeanne F. Duffy
- Division of Sleep and Circadian Disorders, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA 02115
- Division of Sleep Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115
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Garbers S, Umar NQ, Hand RE, Usseglio J, Gold MA, Bruzzese JM. Mind-Body Integrative Health (MBIH) Interventions for Sleep among Adolescents: A Scoping Review of Implementation, Participation and Outcomes. ADOLESCENT RESEARCH REVIEW 2022; 7:565-589. [PMID: 36619475 PMCID: PMC9815202 DOI: 10.1007/s40894-021-00176-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2021] [Accepted: 10/24/2021] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Adolescents get insufficient sleep, adversely affecting health. Mind-body integrative health interventions for adolescents have been shown to reduce stress, a barrier to good sleep. This scoping review aimed to synthesize mind-body integrative health interventions for adolescents, how interventions were implemented, who was reached. A systematic search of four online databases was conducted. Randomized, quasi-experimental, and single-group designs with participants ages 10-24 years were included. Twelve studies covering 10 interventions using mindfulness, qigong, aromatherapy, or yoga were identified. Participants were predominantly female; only one study reported participants' race or ethnicity (81% non-Hispanic white). Most (n=6) interventions were delivered in groups, and half reported significant improvements in subjective sleep quality. Mindfulness-based stress reduction and mindfulness-based cognitive therapy were the most commonly used modalities, with reported impact on sleep outcomes measured objectively. The two interventions that found statistically significant, moderate improvements in objectively-measured sleep onset latency and sleep efficiency were of higher intensity and used mindfulness. Four interventions were self-directed; participants in these struggled with adherence; significant impacts on sleep were not found. While findings were mixed, stemming in part from the quality of the underlying studies, this review identified several promising features of interventions, including using mindfulness, ensuring sufficient intervention dose, and targeting interventions towards adolescents with poor sleep at baseline (rather than a general population of adolescents). The findings suggests that sleep interventions for adolescents may improve psychological well-being as an intermediate effect, as sleep improvements were observed mostly among participants with poor sleep quality or anxiety symptoms at baseline. This review identified several gaps in the literature. Despite documented racial and ethnic disparities in sleep quality among adolescents, published evidence of mind-body integrative health-based sleep interventions among Black and Latinx adolescents is lacking. None of the studies in this review assessed developmental stage or age differences, despite documented differences in sleep across age groups of adolescents. These two gaps in the evidence should be addressed in future intervention research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samantha Garbers
- Columbia University Mailman School of Public Health, Heilbrunn Department of Population & Family Health, New York, NY
| | - Nawal Q. Umar
- Columbia University Mailman School of Public Health, New York, NY
| | - Rachel E. Hand
- Columbia University Mailman School of Public Health, New York, NY
| | - John Usseglio
- Augustus C. Long Health Sciences Library, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY
| | - Melanie A. Gold
- Columbia University Mailman School of Public Health, Heilbrunn Department of Population & Family Health, New York, NY
- Columbia University Irving Medical Center, Department of Pediatrics, Division of Child and Adolescent Health, New York, NY
- New York-Presbyterian, School-Based Health Centers, New York, NY
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Litwic-Kaminska K, Kotyśko M, Pracki T, Wiłkość-Dębczyńska M, Stankiewicz B. The Effect of Autogenic Training in a Form of Audio Recording on Sleep Quality and Physiological Stress Reactions of University Athletes-Pilot Study. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:16043. [PMID: 36498114 PMCID: PMC9737934 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph192316043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2022] [Revised: 11/21/2022] [Accepted: 11/24/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Despite the growing popularity of relaxation training, the effectiveness of an autogenic training (AT) as a method of dealing with sleep problems in group of student athletes is unknown. Therefore, this study aimed to fill this gap. University athletes with decreased sleep quality (selected from 209 participants) were randomly assigned to the experimental (EG, n = 11) and control (CG, n = 11) groups similar in terms of sleep quality, age, gender, type of sport discipline and sport experience. During the 14 days dedicated to performing relaxation training in the form of an audio recording, electronic daily logs and actigraphy were used to monitor the athletes' sleep and daily activity. The EG listened to the recording with suggestions based on AT and CG only to the background music. Pre- and post-measurements of sleep quality by means of the Pittsburg Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) and physiological stress reactions by biofeedback device were performed. In EG and CG, the parameters of sleep and daily activity obtained by actigraphy and daily logs as well as physiological indicators of emotional reactivity did not differ. Sleep quality in PSQI significantly increased after AT usage in EG. AT seems to be an effective method for university athletes in improving subjective sleep quality, but further studies are necessary.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Martyna Kotyśko
- Department of Clinical Psychology, Development and Education, Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, 10-719 Olsztyn, Poland
| | - Tadeusz Pracki
- Faculty of Psychology, Kazimierz Wielki University, 85-064 Bydgoszcz, Poland
| | | | - Błażej Stankiewicz
- Institute of Physical Culture, Kazimierz Wielki University, 85-064 Bydgoszcz, Poland
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Gupta SJ, Pradhan B, Bhanushali D, Nityapragya R. Physical and mental health at high altitude of individuals doing yogic practices. J Neurosci Rural Pract 2022; 13:647-651. [PMID: 36743761 PMCID: PMC9894322 DOI: 10.25259/jnrp-2022-3-25] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2022] [Accepted: 09/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives There is an increase trend in the past few years, in the number of people traveling to high altitude for recreational activities such as pilgrims, mountaineering, and climbing and for occupational purposes such as defense and mining which have resulted in increasing in hypoxia conditions and anxiety-related medical problems at high altitude. As it is known that mental stress affects brain and heart functions, a recent research performed on Sudarshan Kriya Yoga (SKY) further validated the effectiveness of SKY on participants (practicing SKY) as compared to control after quantifying mental stress. To study the physiological effect of SKY advance breathing technique when immediately ascends to high altitude, we wanted to study the level of stress and mental well-being of lowlanders at high altitude. Materials and Methods It is an interventional study performed at high altitudes, with low landers as participants where their biochemical and psychological parameters are being assessed. Results The result for biochemical parameter cholesterol, triglycerides, low-density lipoproteins (LDLs), high-density lipoproteins (HDLs), very low-density lipoproteins, LDL-HDL ratio, and cholesterol-HDL ratio showed a significant decrease in the pre- and post-analyses values with P ≤ 0.001. Acute mountain sickness (AMS), Warwick-Edinburgh Mental Well-being Scale, and State and Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI) also show a decreasing trend with significant result in AMS, mental well-being, and non-significant in STAI p value is P = 0.016, P = 0.055, and P = 0.125, respectively. Conclusion We observed positive outcome both in for biochemical and stress-related parameters with SKY advance program practitioners who have rapidly ascend to high altitude.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheetal J. Gupta
- Division of Yoga and Humanities, Swami Vivekananda Yoga Anushandhan Samsthan University, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - Balaram Pradhan
- Deputy Registrar of Academics, Swami Vivekananda Yoga Anushandhan Samsthan University, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - Disha Bhanushali
- Sri Sri Institute of Advanced Research, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
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Yang J, Du Y, Shen H, Ren S, Liu Z, Zheng D, Shi Q, Li Y, Wei GX. Mindfulness-Based Movement Intervention to Improve Sleep Quality: A Meta-Analysis and Moderator Analysis of Randomized Clinical Trials. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:10284. [PMID: 36011918 PMCID: PMC9408303 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph191610284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2022] [Revised: 08/15/2022] [Accepted: 08/15/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
(1) Background: Given that the most effective dose, optimal type, and most beneficial population for improving sleep with mindfulness-based movement (MBM) remains unknown, we conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis with moderator analysis of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) to assess these effects. (2) Methods: Three electronic databases (PubMed, Web of Science, and EBSCO) were systematically searched for RCTs published through August 2021 for analysis. The risk of bias of the included studies was assessed with Review Manager 5.3, and the meta-analysis was performed in Stata 16.0. (3) Results: A meta-analysis of 61 RCTs with 2697 participants showed that MBM significantly improved sleep quality compared to controls (SMD = −0.794; 95% CI: −0.794 to −0.994, p < 0.001, I2 = 90.7%). Moderator analysis showed that a long-term MBM (SMD = −0.829; 95% CI: 0.945 to 0.712; p < 0.001) had a larger effect size on sleep than a short-term MBM (SMD = −0.714; 95% CI: 0.784 to 0.644; p < 0.001). Practicing at least twice per week (SMD = −0.793; 95% CI: −0.868 to −0.718; p < 0.001) was more effective compared to practicing once per week (SMD = −0.687; 95% CI: −0.804 to −0.570; p < 0.001). Studies with a total intervention time of more than 24 h also revealed better sleep quality improvement (SMD = −0.759; 95% CI: −0.865 to −0.653; p < 0.001). In addition, the healthy population and older adults gained more from MBM than the patients and younger adults. (4) Conclusions: MBM can effectively improve subjective sleep quality, and the optimal intervention dose of MBM can be utilized in future intervention studies to treat or improve sleep disturbance (MBM more than twice a week for more than three months, with a total intervention time of more than 24 h).
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiayi Yang
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Assessment for Basic Education Quality, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Yan Du
- School of Nursing, Health Science San Antonio, University of Texas, Austin, TX 78712, USA
| | - Haoran Shen
- CAS Key Laboratory of Behavioral Science, Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 101408, China
- Department of Psychology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 101408, China
| | - Shujie Ren
- School of Education, Beijing Sport University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Zhiyuan Liu
- School of Psychology, Beijing Sport University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Danni Zheng
- School of Psychology, Beijing Sport University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Qingqing Shi
- School of Psychology, Beijing Sport University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Youfa Li
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Assessment for Basic Education Quality, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Gao-Xia Wei
- CAS Key Laboratory of Behavioral Science, Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 101408, China
- Department of Psychology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 101408, China
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Why Sleep is Key: Poor Sleep Quality is a Mechanism for the Bidirectional Relationship between Major Depressive Disorder and Generalized Anxiety Disorder Across 18 Years. J Anxiety Disord 2022; 90:102601. [PMID: 35850001 PMCID: PMC9945467 DOI: 10.1016/j.janxdis.2022.102601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2021] [Revised: 06/05/2022] [Accepted: 06/27/2022] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) and major depressive disorder (MDD) reliably precede and predict one another. However, there is insufficient data on mediators through which the longitudinal GAD-MDD association unfold. Based on insomnia theories, such as the hyperarousal model of sleep, we tested the degree to which poor global sleep quality functioned as a mediator of the prospective bidirectional anxiety-depression relationship. METHOD Participants were 3,294 community-dwelling adults who partook in three measurement waves nine years apart. The Composite International Diagnostic Interview-Short Form assessed GAD and MDD in-person at baseline (Time 1 [T1]), Time 2 (T2; nine years after T1), and 18 years later (T3). T2 global sleep quality was measured using the multiple-domain Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index self-report at T2. We used longitudinal structural equation modeling mediation analyses. RESULTS Analyses showed that higher T1 MDD and GAD severity individually predicted lower T2 global sleep quality (Cohen's d = -0.561 to -0.480) and less T2 global sleep quality, thereby forecasted both higher T3 MDD and GAD (d = -0.275 to -0.190). Poorer T2 global sleep quality significantly mediated the T1 GAD-T3 MDD relation, explaining 41% of the association. Worse global sleep quality at T2 also significantly mediated the T1 MDD-T3 GAD association, mediating 11% of the T1 MDD-T3 GAD pathway. The results remained similar after controlling for multiple sociodemographic and clinical variables. CONCLUSIONS Findings offer evidence for transdiagnostic theories of sleep and insomnia. Theoretical and clinical implications, such as prioritizing sleep improvement in cognitive-behavioral therapies, are also discussed.
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Smith JL, Allen JW, Haack CI, Wehrmeyer KL, Alden KG, Lund MB, Mascaro JS. Impact of App-Delivered Mindfulness Meditation on Functional Connectivity, Mental Health, and Sleep Disturbances Among Physician Assistant Students: Randomized, Wait-list Controlled Pilot Study. JMIR Form Res 2021; 5:e24208. [PMID: 34665153 PMCID: PMC8564666 DOI: 10.2196/24208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2020] [Revised: 04/23/2021] [Accepted: 07/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Health care provider and trainee burnout results in substantial national and institutional costs and profound social effects. Identifying effective solutions and interventions to cultivate resilience among health care trainees is critical. Although less is known about the mental health needs of physician assistants (PAs) or PA students, accumulating research indicates that they experience similarly alarming rates of burnout, depression, and emotional exhaustion. Mobile app-delivered mindfulness meditation may be an effective part of salubrious programming to bolster long-term resilience and health among PA students. OBJECTIVE This study aims to examine the impact of app-delivered mindfulness meditation on self-reported mental health symptoms among PA students. A secondary aim is to investigate changes in brain connectivity to identify neurobiological changes related to changes in mental health symptoms. METHODS We recruited PA students enrolled in their third semester of PA school and used a longitudinal, randomized, wait-list-controlled design. Participants randomized to the mindfulness group were provided 1-year subscriptions to the 10% Happier app, a consumer-based meditation app, and asked to practice every day for 8 weeks. Before randomization and again after completion of the 8-week program, all participants completed resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging as well as self-report assessments of burnout, depression, anxiety, and sleep impairment. App use was acquired as a measure of mindfulness practice time. RESULTS PA students randomized to the mindfulness group reported improvements in sleep impairment compared with those randomized to the wait-list control group (ηp2=0.42; P=.01). Sleep impairment decreased significantly in the mindfulness group (19% reduction; P=.006) but not in the control group (1% reduction; P=.71). There were no other significant changes in mental health for those randomized to app-delivered mindfulness. Across all students, changes in sleep impairment were associated with increased resting-state functional connectivity between the medial prefrontal cortex (a component of the default mode network) and the superior temporal gyrus, as well as between areas important for working memory. Changes in connectivity predicted categorical conversion from impaired to nonimpaired sleep in the mindfulness group. CONCLUSIONS This pilot study is the first to examine app-based mindfulness for PA students' mental health and investigate the impact of mindfulness on PA students' brain function. These findings suggest that app-delivered mindfulness may be an effective tool to improve sleep dysfunction and that it may be an important part of the programming necessary to reduce the epidemic of suffering among health profession trainees.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeremy L Smith
- Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Jason W Allen
- Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, United States
- Department of Neurology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Carla I Haack
- Department of Surgery, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Kathryn L Wehrmeyer
- Department of Family and Preventative Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Kayley G Alden
- Department of Family and Preventative Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Maha B Lund
- Physician Assistant Program, Department of Family and Preventative Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Jennifer S Mascaro
- Department of Family and Preventative Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, United States
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15
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Cheung DST, Chau PH, Yeung WF, Deng W, Hong AWL, Tiwari AFY. Assessing the effect of a mind-body exercise, qigong Baduanjin, on sleep disturbance among women experiencing intimate partner violence and possible mediating factors: a randomized-controlled trial. J Clin Sleep Med 2021; 17:993-1003. [PMID: 33551021 DOI: 10.5664/jcsm.9102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
STUDY OBJECTIVES To evaluate the effects of a mind-body exercise, qigong Baduanjin, on sleep disturbances in women experiencing intimate partner violence and explore the mediating role of depressive symptoms, perceived stress, and inflammation in producing the effects. METHODS A subgroup of a parent randomized controlled trial was randomized for a 22-week Baduanjin intervention (n = 94) or wait-list control (n = 92). Questionnaires, including the General Sleep Disturbance Scale, Perceived Stress Scale, and Beck Depression Inventory version II, were administered at baseline, posttraining (6 weeks), and postintervention (22 weeks), and blood samples were collected to assess tumor necrosis factor and interleukin 6 levels at baseline and postintervention only. RESULTS Of the 186 participants, 170 completed the study. Results indicate that the total sleep disturbance scores for the intervention group were significantly lower than those for the wait-list control group at week 6 (difference = -7.96; 95% confidence interval [CI], -13.63 to -2.30; P = .006) and week 22 (difference = -7.17; 95% CI, -12.58 to -1.76; P = .01). Mediation analysis showed a statistically significant indirect effect of the intervention on sleep improvement through reducing depressive symptoms (β = 2.58, 95% CI, 0.69 to 5.09), while the mediating effects of perceived stress and inflammation were not significant. CONCLUSIONS Qigong Baduanjin can be recommended for women who experience intimate partner violence and report sleep disturbances. More research is needed to understand the clinical significance of the observed sleep improvements. CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION Registry: ClinicalTrials.gov; Name: Qigong Intervention Program for Abused Chinese Women; URL: https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT02060123; Identifier: NCT02060123.
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Affiliation(s)
- Denise Shuk Ting Cheung
- School of Nursing, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Pui Hing Chau
- School of Nursing, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Wing-Fai Yeung
- School of Nursing, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
| | - Wen Deng
- School of Nursing, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Athena Wai Lin Hong
- School of Health Sciences, Caritas Institute of Higher Education, Hong Kong, China
| | - Agnes F Y Tiwari
- School of Nursing, Hong Kong Sanatorium & Hospital, Hong Kong, China
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16
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Albakri U, Drotos E, Meertens R. Sleep Health Promotion Interventions and Their Effectiveness: An Umbrella Review. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph18115533. [PMID: 34064108 PMCID: PMC8196727 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18115533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2021] [Revised: 05/18/2021] [Accepted: 05/19/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Sleep is receiving increasing attention in public health. The aim of this umbrella review is to determine what non-pharmacological sleep health interventions have been evaluated among healthy populations, by examining target groups, settings, and effectiveness in improving sleep quality and duration. Comprehensive searches were conducted in five electronic databases (January 1975–February 2019), yielding 6505 records. Thirty-five articles were selected meeting the following eligibility criteria: (1) systematic reviews or meta-analyses of (2) sleep health interventions in (3) primarily healthy populations. Two reviewers independently screened for inclusion, extracted the data, and assessed the review quality. This umbrella review was registered with PROSPERO (CRD42019126291). Eleven intervention types were defined, and their effectiveness discussed. Substantial evidence demonstrated the effectiveness of later school start times, behavior change methods, and mind–body exercise. Other intervention types, including sleep education or relaxation techniques, demonstrated some promising impacts on sleep, but with less consistent evidence. Results were limited by high heterogeneity between studies, mixed results, and variable review quality. Nevertheless, this umbrella review is a first step towards understanding the current state of sleep health promotion and gives an overview of interventions across the lifespan.
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Affiliation(s)
- Uthman Albakri
- Department of Health Promotion, Care and Public Health Research Institute (CAPHRI), NUTRIM School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University, 6200 MD Maastricht, The Netherlands; (E.D.); (R.M.)
- Department of Public Health, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Albaha University, Albaha 65779, Saudi Arabia
- Correspondence:
| | - Elizabeth Drotos
- Department of Health Promotion, Care and Public Health Research Institute (CAPHRI), NUTRIM School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University, 6200 MD Maastricht, The Netherlands; (E.D.); (R.M.)
| | - Ree Meertens
- Department of Health Promotion, Care and Public Health Research Institute (CAPHRI), NUTRIM School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University, 6200 MD Maastricht, The Netherlands; (E.D.); (R.M.)
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17
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Garbers S, Suruki C, Falletta KA, Gold MA, Bruzzese JM. Psychosocial stress, sleep quality and interest in mind-body integrative health sleep intervention among urban adolescents in the school-based health setting. Complement Ther Med 2021; 58:102714. [PMID: 33766621 PMCID: PMC10119780 DOI: 10.1016/j.ctim.2021.102714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2020] [Revised: 03/15/2021] [Accepted: 03/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mind-body integrative health (MBIH) interventions to improve adolescent sleep are lacking. The study characterized sleep quality and bedtime-related psychosocial stressors among urban minority adolescents, explored associations between demographics factors, stressors and sleep quality, and gauged interest in a MBIH sleep intervention. MATERIALS AND METHODS 167 school-based health center (SBHC) patients (mean age = 16.3; 64 % female; 68 % Latino) participated in a needs assessment as part of a quality improvement project. They reported bedtime-related psychosocial stressors using items from the Adolescent Sleep Hygiene Scale (ASHS), sleep quality using the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), and interest in a MBIH-based sleep intervention. Chi-square and logistic regression examined associations between demographics, stressors, sleep quality, and interest in the intervention. RESULTS 67 % had poor sleep quality. Females, compared to males, had 2.23 higher odds (95 % Confidence Interval [CI]: 1.12, 4.42) of having poor sleep quality. Nearly 80 % experienced bedtime-related stressors (25 % experienced one stressor, 17 % two stressors and 37 % three or more stressors); relative to those reporting no stressors, those reporting 3+ stressors had 3.15 higher odds (95 % CI: 1.27, 7.84) of having poor sleep quality. Most (77 %) reported they would participate in an SBHC-based intervention that utilized MBIH modalities preferring both one-on-one and group sessions. CONCLUSIONS Urban, predominantly Hispanic and Black, SBHC adolescent patients have poor sleep quality and report bedtime-related psychosocial stressors. Their interest in MBIH interventions to address sleep problems represents a unique opportunity for practitioners and complementary therapists to offer MBIH interventions to a population at high-risk for poor sleep quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samantha Garbers
- Heilbrunn Department of Population & Family Health, Columbia University Mailman School of Public Health, 60 Haven Avenue, Room B4-417, New York, NY, 10032, United States.
| | - Caitlyn Suruki
- Heilbrunn Department of Population & Family Health, Columbia University Mailman School of Public Health, 60 Haven Avenue, Room B4-417, New York, NY, 10032, United States; Intrinsik Ltd 1608 Pacific Avenue, Suite 201, Venice, CA 90291, United States.
| | - Katherine A Falletta
- Heilbrunn Department of Population & Family Health, Columbia University Mailman School of Public Health, 60 Haven Avenue, Room B4-417, New York, NY, 10032, United States; MiracleFeet, 107 Conner Drive, Suite 230, Chapel Hill, NC 27514, United States.
| | - Melanie A Gold
- Heilbrunn Department of Population & Family Health, Columbia University Mailman School of Public Health, 60 Haven Avenue, Room B4-417, New York, NY, 10032, United States; Department of Pediatrics, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, College of Physicians & Surgeons, New York, NY, United States.
| | - Jean-Marie Bruzzese
- Columbia University School of Nursing, 560 West 168th Street, Room 632, New York, NY, 10032, United States.
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18
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Sharpley CF, Christie DRH, Bitsika V. Deterioration in Sleep Quality Affects Cognitive Depression in Prostate Cancer Patients. Am J Mens Health 2021; 15:15579883211001201. [PMID: 33724082 PMCID: PMC7970199 DOI: 10.1177/15579883211001201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Men who suffer from prostate cancer (PCa) need to make important decisions
regarding their treatment options. There is some evidence that these men may
suffer from sleep difficulties due to their cancer or its diagnosis and
treatment. Although sleep difficulties have been associated with cognitive
depression in other samples of men, they have not been examined in PCa patients,
despite the importance of decision-making for these men. This study was designed
to investigate the association between sleep difficulties and cognitive
depression in PCa patients. A sample of 96 PCa patients completed a background
questionnaire, the Zung Self-Rating Depression Scale, and the Insomnia Severity
Index. Comparison was made between sleep difficulty scores from before the
patients received their diagnosis of PCa to the time of survey, allowing use of
a “retrospective pretest” methodology. Just over 61% of the sample reported a
deterioration in sleep quality, and this was significantly associated with
cognitive depression (r = .346, p = .007). At
the specific symptom level, having a clear mind significantly
contributed to the variance in difficulty falling asleep
(R2 change = .140, F for change = 9.298,
p = .003). Sleeping difficulties, particularly falling
asleep, are common and associated with depression-related to ability to think
clearly in PCa patients. This has potentially adverse effects upon the ability
of men with PCa to understand their treatment options and make decisions about
them.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher F Sharpley
- Brain-Behaviour Research Group, University of New England, Armidale, New South Wales, Australia
| | - David R H Christie
- Brain-Behaviour Research Group, University of New England, Armidale, New South Wales, Australia.,Genesiscare, John Flynn Private Hospital, Tugun, Queensland, Australia
| | - Vicki Bitsika
- Brain-Behaviour Research Group, University of New England, Armidale, New South Wales, Australia
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Abstract
Extended sleep onset latency (SOL), or "sleep onset insomnia," can decrease total sleep time, increasing risk for many health conditions, including heart disease, stroke, and all-cause mortality. Sleep disorders persist in the United States despite current behavioral/pharmaceutical remedies, with 10% to 15% of the population suffering from insomnia. Mind-body therapies offer additional solutions, as meditation has been correlated with decreased SOL. More research on use of mind-body practices for insomnia is needed. This study investigates the guided meditation practice of Yoga Nidra (yogic sleep) as a promising intervention for sleep disorders because of its purported ability to induce mental, physical, and emotional relaxation. In this pilot study, we address the feasibility of Yoga Nidra for insomnia, appropriateness of our selected measurement systems, and effect of Yoga Nidra on brainwaves, sleep onset, and the autonomic nervous system. Our study sample includes 22 adults, ages 18-45, with insomnia. The design includes two clinic visits (V1, lying quietly for 90 min; V2, randomization to 90-min lying quietly vs. 30-min Yoga Nidra plus 60-min lying quietly), taking place 1 to 14 days apart. Outcomes measured during/after Yoga Nidra (vs. control) include sleep onset, electroencephalography (EEG) power, heart rate variability (HRV), and respiratory rate. Self-reported mood and anxiety will be measured before/after each visit. Resulting physiological, psychological, and feasibility data will be used to inform future clinical studies of Yoga Nidra for sleep and relaxation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erica Sharpe
- National University of Natural Medicine, Portland, Ore.; and State University of New York at Canton, Canton, N.Y
| | - Alison Lacombe
- National University of Natural Medicine, Portland, Ore.; and U.S. Department of Agriculture, Produce Microbiology Research Unit, Berkley, Calif
| | | | - Douglas Hanes
- National University of Natural Medicine, Portland, Ore
| | - Ryan Bradley
- National University of Natural Medicine, Portland, Ore.; University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, Calif.; and Australian Research Centre in Complementary and Integrative Medicine, Faculty of Health, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, NSW, Australia
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20
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Sloan RA, Kanchibhotla D. The association of Sudarshan Kriya Yoga frequency with sleep quality: a cross-sectional study from Singapore. Sleep Breath 2020; 25:1665-1669. [DOI: 10.1007/s11325-020-02240-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2020] [Revised: 10/25/2020] [Accepted: 10/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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21
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Yount G, Delorme A, Radin D, Carpenter L, Rachlin K, Anastasia J, Pierson M, Steele S, Mandell H, Chagnon A, Wahbeh H. Energy Medicine treatments for hand and wrist pain: A pilot study. Explore (NY) 2020; 17:11-21. [PMID: 33162335 DOI: 10.1016/j.explore.2020.10.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2020] [Revised: 10/30/2020] [Accepted: 10/31/2020] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The term "energy medicine" describes healing modalities that manipulate or channel purported subtle energies associated with the body. The objectives of this pilot study were to determine the feasibility of studying energy medicine for people with carpal tunnel pain and gathering relevant preliminary data. METHODS Following a prospective, within-participant design, participants were recruited to experience a 30 min treatment from one of 17 energy medicine practitioners. Of 374 adults experiencing carpal tunnel pain who were screened for the study, 190 received an energy medicine treatment. Practitioners delivered treatments at close distance, some with and some without light, stationary touch. Outcome measures were collected before, during, and immediately after the treatment, and three weeks later. The primary outcome measure was self-reported pain. Secondary subjective measures included credibility regarding energy medicine and expectancy regarding the efficacy of treatments, pain interference, sleep quality, well-being, mood, and sense of personal transformation. Physiological measures included median nerve conduction velocity, heart rate variability, heart rate synchrony (between the participant and practitioner), and expression levels of neuroinflammation-related genes. RESULTS On average, self-reported current pain scores decreased 2.0 points post-session and 1.3 points at three weeks compared to baseline values using a 0-10 point scale with 10 denoting worst pain (F(2, 565) = 3.82 p <0.000005). This effect was not influenced by the participants' level of expectancy or credibility regarding the energy medicine modality. Well-being, negative emotion, and sleep quality scores significantly improved at the follow-up visit. Multiple heart rate variability measures significantly changed reflecting increased parasympathetic activity which may indicate decreased stress. No other secondary outcome showed significant change. DISCUSSION Studying the administration of energy medicine to people with carpal tunnel pain is feasible, although requiring a documented carpal tunnel syndrome diagnosis proved to be prohibitive for recruitment. Our finding of preliminary evidence for positive effects in pain and pain-related outcomes after a single session of energy medicine warrants further controlled investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Garret Yount
- Institute of Noetic Sciences, 101 San Antonio Rd., Petaluma, CA 94952, United States.
| | - Arnaud Delorme
- Institute of Noetic Sciences, 101 San Antonio Rd., Petaluma, CA 94952, United States; University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Dr., La Jolla, CA 92093, United States
| | - Dean Radin
- Institute of Noetic Sciences, 101 San Antonio Rd., Petaluma, CA 94952, United States
| | - Loren Carpenter
- Institute of Noetic Sciences, 101 San Antonio Rd., Petaluma, CA 94952, United States
| | - Kenneth Rachlin
- Institute of Noetic Sciences, 101 San Antonio Rd., Petaluma, CA 94952, United States
| | - Joyce Anastasia
- Institute of Noetic Sciences, 101 San Antonio Rd., Petaluma, CA 94952, United States
| | - Meredith Pierson
- Institute of Noetic Sciences, 101 San Antonio Rd., Petaluma, CA 94952, United States
| | - Sue Steele
- Institute of Noetic Sciences, 101 San Antonio Rd., Petaluma, CA 94952, United States
| | - Heather Mandell
- Institute of Noetic Sciences, 101 San Antonio Rd., Petaluma, CA 94952, United States
| | - Aimee Chagnon
- Sonoma Pain Management Clinic, 357 Perkins St, Sonoma, CA 95476, United States
| | - Helané Wahbeh
- Institute of Noetic Sciences, 101 San Antonio Rd., Petaluma, CA 94952, United States
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22
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Smith JL, Allen JW, Haack C, Wehrmeyer K, Alden K, Lund MB, Mascaro JS. The Impact of App-Delivered Mindfulness Meditation on Functional Connectivity and Self-Reported Mindfulness Among Health Profession Trainees. Mindfulness (N Y) 2020; 12:92-106. [PMID: 33052251 PMCID: PMC7543678 DOI: 10.1007/s12671-020-01502-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Objectives Previous research indicates that mindfulness meditation reduces anxiety and depression and enhances well-being. We examined the impact of app-delivered mindfulness meditation on resting state functional MRI (fMRI) connectivity among physician assistant (PA) students and surgery residents. Methods PA students and residents were randomized to receive a popular meditation app or to wait-list control group. Before and after the 8-week meditation period, we acquired fMRI scans of participants’ resting state, and participants completed a self-report measure of mindfulness. We used a 2 × 2, within- and between-group factorial design and leveraged a whole-brain connectome approach to examine changes in within- and between-network connectivity across the entire brain, and to examine whether changes in connectivity were associated with app use or to changes in self-reported mindfulness. Results Meditation practitioners exhibited significantly stronger connectivity between the frontoparietal network and the left and right nucleus accumbens and between the default mode (DMN) and salience networks, among other regions. Mindfulness practice time was correlated with increased connectivity between the lateral parietal cortex and the supramarginal gyrus, which were also positively correlated with increased scores on the “Describing” subscale of the Five Facet Mindfulness Questionnaire between baseline and post-meditation. These findings are consistent with previous research indicating that mindfulness-based interventions alter functional connectivity within the DMN and between the DMN and other networks both during meditation and at rest, as well as increased connectivity in systems important for emotion and reward. Conclusions Recent commentaries call for healthcare provider and trainee wellness programs that are sustainable and preventive in nature rather than reactive; these data indicate that even brief sessions of app-delivered mindfulness practice are associated with functional connectivity changes in a dose-dependent manner. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1007/s12671-020-01502-7) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeremy L Smith
- Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Emory University, Atlanta, GA USA
| | - Jason W Allen
- Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Emory University, Atlanta, GA USA.,Department of Neurology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA USA
| | - Carla Haack
- Department of Surgery, Emory University, Atlanta, GA USA
| | - Kathryn Wehrmeyer
- Department of Family and Preventive Medicine, Emory University, 1841 Clifton Road NE, Suite 507, Atlanta, GA 30329 USA
| | - Kayley Alden
- Department of Family and Preventive Medicine, Emory University, 1841 Clifton Road NE, Suite 507, Atlanta, GA 30329 USA
| | - Maha B Lund
- Department of Family and Preventive Medicine, Physician Assistant Program, Emory University, Atlanta, GA USA
| | - Jennifer S Mascaro
- Department of Family and Preventive Medicine, Emory University, 1841 Clifton Road NE, Suite 507, Atlanta, GA 30329 USA
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23
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Sieverdes JC, Treiber FA, Kline CE, Mueller M, Brunner-Jackson B, Sox L, Cain M, Swem M, Diaz V, Chandler J. Ethnicity Differences in Sleep Changes Among Prehypertensive Adults Using a Smartphone Meditation App: Dose-Response Trial. JMIR Form Res 2020; 4:e20501. [PMID: 33021484 PMCID: PMC7576537 DOI: 10.2196/20501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2020] [Revised: 07/22/2020] [Accepted: 07/26/2020] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Background African Americans (AAs) experience greater sleep quality problems than non-Hispanic Whites (NHWs). Meditation may aid in addressing this disparity, although the dosage levels needed to achieve such benefits have not been adequately studied. Smartphone apps present a novel modality for delivering, monitoring, and measuring adherence to meditation protocols. Objective This 6-month dose-response feasibility trial investigated the effects of a breathing awareness meditation (BAM) app, Tension Tamer, on the secondary outcomes of self-reported and actigraphy measures of sleep quality and the modulating effects of ethnicity of AAs and NHWs. Methods A total of 64 prehypertensive adults (systolic blood pressure <139 mm Hg; 31 AAs and 33 NHWs) were randomized into 3 different Tension Tamer dosage conditions (5,10, or 15 min twice daily). Sleep quality was assessed at baseline and at 1, 3, and 6 months using the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) and 1-week bouts of continuous wrist actigraphy monitoring. The study was conducted between August 2014 and October 2016 (IRB #Pro00020894). Results At baseline, PSQI and actigraphy data indicated that AAs had shorter sleep duration, greater sleep disturbance, poorer efficiency, and worse quality of sleep (range P=.03 to P<.001). Longitudinal generalized linear mixed modeling revealed a dose effect modulated by ethnicity (P=.01). Multimethod assessment showed a consistent pattern of NHWs exhibiting the most favorable responses to the 5-min dose; they reported greater improvements in sleep efficiency and quality as well as the PSQI global value than with the 10-min and 15-min doses (range P=.04 to P<.001). Actigraphy findings revealed a consistent, but not statistically significant, pattern in the 5-min group, showing lower fragmentation, longer sleep duration, and higher efficiency than the other 2 dosage conditions. Among AAs, actigraphy indicated lower sleep fragmentation with the 5-min dose compared with the 10-min and 15-min doses (P=.03 and P<.001, respectively). The 10-min dose showed longer sleep duration than the 5-min and 15-min doses (P=.02 and P<.001, respectively). The 5-min dose also exhibited significantly longer average sleep than the 15-min dose (P=.03). Conclusions These findings indicate the need for further study of the potential modulating influence of ethnicity on the impact of BAM on sleep indices and user-centered exploration to ascertain the potential merits of refining the Tension Tamer app with attention to cultural tailoring among AAs and NHWs with pre-existing sleep complaints.
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Affiliation(s)
- John C Sieverdes
- College of Charleston, Health and Human Performance, Charleston, SC, United States
| | - Frank A Treiber
- College of Nursing, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, United States.,College of Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, United States
| | - Christopher E Kline
- Department of Health & Physical Activity, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Martina Mueller
- College of Nursing, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, United States
| | - Brenda Brunner-Jackson
- College of Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, United States
| | - Luke Sox
- College of Nursing, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, United States
| | - Mercedes Cain
- College of Nursing, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, United States
| | - Maria Swem
- College of Nursing, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, United States
| | - Vanessa Diaz
- College of Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, United States
| | - Jessica Chandler
- College of Nursing, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, United States
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Weber M, Schnorr T, Morat M, Morat T, Donath L. Effects of Mind-Body Interventions Involving Meditative Movements on Quality of Life, Depressive Symptoms, Fear of Falling and Sleep Quality in Older Adults: A Systematic Review with Meta-Analysis. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 17:ijerph17186556. [PMID: 32916879 PMCID: PMC7559727 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17186556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2020] [Revised: 09/02/2020] [Accepted: 09/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Background: The aim of the present systematic meta-analytical review was to quantify the effects of different mind–body interventions (MBI) involving meditative movements on relevant psychological health outcomes (i.e., quality of life (QoL), depressive symptoms, fear of falling (FoF) and sleep quality) in older adults without mental disorders. Methods: A structured literature search was conducted in five databases (Ovid, PsycINFO, PubMed, SPORTDiscus, Web of Science). Inclusion criteria were: (i) the study was a (cluster) randomized controlled trial, (ii) the subjects were aged ≥59 years without mental illnesses, (iii) an intervention arm performing MBI compared to a non-exercise control group (e.g., wait-list or usual care), (iv) psychological health outcomes related to QoL, depressive symptoms, FoF or sleep quality were assessed and (v) a PEDro score of ≥5. The interventions of the included studies were sub-grouped into Tai Chi/Qigong (TCQ) and Yoga/Pilates (YP). Statistical analyses were conducted using a random-effects inverse-variance model. Results: Thirty-seven randomized controlled trials (RCTs) (comprising 3224 participants) were included. Small to moderate-but-significant overall effect sizes favoring experimental groups (Hedges’ g: 0.25 to 0.71) compared to non-exercise control groups were observed in all outcomes (all p values ≤ 0.007), apart from one subdomain of quality of life (i.e., social functioning, p = 0.15). Interestingly, a significant larger effect on QoL and depressive symptoms with increasing training frequency was found for TCQ (p = 0.03; p = 0.004). Conclusions: MBI involving meditative movements may serve as a promising opportunity to improve psychological health domains such as QoL, depressive symptoms, FoF and sleep quality in older adults. Hence, these forms of exercise may represent potential preventive measures regarding the increase of late-life mental disorders, which need to be further confirmed by future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuel Weber
- Institute of Movement and Sport Gerontology, German Sport University, 50933 Cologne, Germany; (M.W.); (T.S.); (T.M.)
| | - Thiemo Schnorr
- Institute of Movement and Sport Gerontology, German Sport University, 50933 Cologne, Germany; (M.W.); (T.S.); (T.M.)
| | - Mareike Morat
- Institute of Exercise Science and Sport Informatics, German Sport University, 50933 Cologne, Germany;
| | - Tobias Morat
- Institute of Movement and Sport Gerontology, German Sport University, 50933 Cologne, Germany; (M.W.); (T.S.); (T.M.)
| | - Lars Donath
- Institute of Exercise Science and Sport Informatics, German Sport University, 50933 Cologne, Germany;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +49-221-4982-7700
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Wu TY, Kung CC, Kao TY, Sun WH. Innovative Mind-Body Intervention Day Easy Exercise Increases Peripheral Blood CD34 + Cells in Adults. Cell Transplant 2020; 29:963689720952352. [PMID: 32841054 PMCID: PMC7784511 DOI: 10.1177/0963689720952352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Mind-body interventions (MBIs) have many health benefits, such as reducing stress, modulating blood pressure, and improving sleep and life quality. The long-term practice of Tai chi, an MBI, also increases the number of CD34+ cells, which are surface markers of hematopoietic stem cells, so prolonged Tai chi practice may have antiaging effects. We developed the day easy exercise (DEE), an innovative MBI, that is easy to learn and requires only a small exercise area and a short practice time. The aim of this study was to explore whether DEE, like Tai chi, has antiaging effects after short-term practice. Total 44 individuals (25 to 62 years old) with or without 3-month DEE practice were divided into young- and middle-aged groups (≤30 and >30 years old) and peripheral blood was collected at 0, 1, 2, and 3 months for analysis of CD34+ cells. The number of CD34+ cells in peripheral blood remained unchanged in control young- and middle-aged groups. After DEE, the number of CD34+ cells in peripheral blood was increased over time in both young- and middle-aged groups. For young-aged adults, the cell number was markedly increased by threefold at 3 months after DEE, and for middle-aged adults, the increase was significant from the first month. DEE practice indeed increased the number of CD34+ cells in peripheral blood and the increase was more significant for older people in a shorter time. This is the first study to provide evidence that the DEE may have antiaging effects and could be beneficial for older people.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting-Yi Wu
- Department of Life Sciences, National Central University, Zhongli, Taoyuan City
| | - Chia-Chi Kung
- Department of Life Sciences, National Central University, Zhongli, Taoyuan City.,Department of Anesthesiology, Fu Jen Catholic University Hospital, New Taipei
| | - Ting-Yu Kao
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology, Yuanpei University of Medical Technology, Hsinchu
| | - Wei-Hsin Sun
- Department of Life Sciences, National Central University, Zhongli, Taoyuan City.,Department of Life Sciences and Institute of Genome Sciences, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei
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Tai Chi Chuan for Subjective Sleep Quality: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2020; 2020:4710527. [PMID: 32849900 PMCID: PMC7439202 DOI: 10.1155/2020/4710527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2020] [Revised: 05/10/2020] [Accepted: 06/09/2020] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Background This review aims to investigate the efficacy of Tai Chi Chuan on subjective sleep quality among adults. Methods We systematically searched PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, Scopus, CNKI (China National Knowledge Infrastructure), and the Wanfang Database from their inception to August 2019 and identified 25 eligible studies that were published in both English and Chinese. Results 24 out of 25 studies were identified to be high-quality studies according to the PEDro scale. The pooled results confirmed that Tai Chi Chuan elicited moderate improvements in subjective sleep quality (SMD = −0.512, 95% CI [−0.767, −0.257], P < 0.001). Notably, Tai Chi Chuan yielded more significant effects on sleep quality among the healthy population (SMD = −0.684, 95% CI [−1.056, −0.311], P < 0.001) than the clinical population (SMD = −0.395, 95% CI [−0.742, −0.047], P=0.026) and more benefits among the Asian population (SMD = −0.977, 95% CI [−1.446, −0.508], P < 0.001) than the American population (SMD = −0.259, 95% CI [−0.624, 0.105], P=0.164). After controlling the methodological quality of studies, it has been noted that Asians could achieve the most significant sleep-promoting benefit when Tai Chi Chuan was practiced between 60 and 90 min per session. Conclusions Available data implied that subjective sleep quality was improved via Tai Chi training, but more thorough studies must be executed to ascertain our findings and optimize Tai Chi practices accordingly toward various populations.
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Aziz N, Wal A, Wal P, Bhalla R. Internet Addiction in India: Its Current Prevalence and Psychological and Complementary Treatment Techniques. CURRENT PSYCHIATRY RESEARCH AND REVIEWS 2020. [DOI: 10.2174/2666082216666200106120104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Background:
In this technical era, undoubtedly, the internet has brought a great revolution
worldwide. Smartphones and technology-mediated social networking sites have caused a drastic
increase in internet usage in all age groups of people. This has caused internet captivity leading
to its addiction.
Objective:
The paper focussed on the mediators and predictors of internet addiction in India in all
age groups of people. Its long-term solutions, i.e. psychological and complementary treatments were
focussed that work on personal level rather than disease level.
Methods:
An extensive literature review was done on the prevalence of the internet and its psychological
and complementary treatment. The possible non-pharmacological treatment, specifically
cognitive behaviour treatment, art and music therapy, internet fasting and cosmic medicine were
focussed on its efficient improvement in one’s health.
Conclusion:
As evident from our study, internet addiction is one of the growing challenges of
health complications in all age groups of people. The mainly discussed psychological and complementary
treatments of internet addiction have ample opportunity of seeking betterment with healthy
social and mental well being.
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Affiliation(s)
- Namra Aziz
- Department of Pharmacy, Pranveer Singh Institute of Technology, Kanpur-209305, India
| | - Ankita Wal
- Department of Pharmacy, Pranveer Singh Institute of Technology, Kanpur-209305, India
| | - Pranay Wal
- Department of Pharmacy, Pranveer Singh Institute of Technology, Kanpur-209305, India
| | - Rupa Bhalla
- Department of Pharmacy, Pranveer Singh Institute of Technology, Kanpur-209305, India
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Rung AL, Oral E, Berghammer L, Peters ES. Feasibility and Acceptability of a Mobile Mindfulness Meditation Intervention Among Women: Intervention Study. JMIR Mhealth Uhealth 2020; 8:e15943. [PMID: 32442147 PMCID: PMC7298633 DOI: 10.2196/15943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2019] [Revised: 10/14/2019] [Accepted: 01/30/2020] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Traditional mindfulness-based stress reduction programs are resource intensive for providers and time- and cost-intensive for participants, but the use of mobile technologies may be particularly convenient and cost-effective for populations that are busy, less affluent, or geographically distant from skilled providers. Women in southern Louisiana live in a vulnerable, disaster-prone region and are highly stressed, making a mobile program particularly suited to this population. Objective This study aimed to (1) assess the feasibility and acceptability of a mobile mindfulness app in real-world conditions in a pilot study of a community sample of women residing in southern Louisiana, (2) describe predictors of app usage, and (3) assess the effect of the app on secondary health outcomes. Methods Women were recruited from an oil spill study on health. A total of 236 women completed a baseline survey, were offered the mobile mindfulness program, and completed a follow-up survey. Subjects were asked to download and use the app for at least 30 days for 10 min. All study procedures were completed on the web. Primary outcomes were feasibility and acceptability of the app and characteristics of app utilization. Secondary outcomes included mindfulness, depression, perceived stress, sleep quality, physical activity, BMI, and healthy eating. Results Overall, 74.2% (236/318) of subjects completed the follow-up survey, and 13.5% (43/318) used the app. The main barrier to app usage was lack of time, cited by 37% (16/43) of users and 48.7% (94/193) of nonusers of the app. Women who chose to use the app were more highly educated (16/43, 63% had a college education vs 65/193, 33.7% of nonparticipants; P<.001), had higher incomes (23/43, 58% had incomes >US $50,000 per year vs 77/193, 43.0% of nonparticipants), and were employed (34/43, 79% vs 122/193, 63.2% of nonparticipants; P=.047). Those who engaged with the app did so at high levels, with 72% (31/43) of participants self-reporting the completion of some or all sessions and 74% (32/43) reporting high levels of satisfaction with the app. Participation with the app had a beneficial impact on depression (odds ratio [OR] 0.3, 95% CI 0.11-0.81), sleep quality (OR 0.1, 95% CI 0.02-0.96), sleep duration (OR 0.3, 95% CI 0.07-0.86), sleep latency (OR 0.3, 95% CI 0.11-0.81), and physical activity (2.8 95% CI 1.0-7.8), but mindfulness scores did not change from baseline to follow-up. Conclusions The Headspace mobile mindfulness app was easy and cost-effective to implement and acceptable to those who participated, but few women elected to try it. The unique characteristics of this southern Louisiana population suggest that more intense promotion of the benefits of mindfulness training is needed, perhaps in conjunction with some therapist or researcher support. Several short-term benefits of the app were identified, particularly for depression and sleep.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ariane Lisann Rung
- Epidemiology Program, School of Public Health, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center New Orleans, New Orleans, LA, United States
| | - Evrim Oral
- Biostatistics Program, School of Public Health, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center New Orleans, New Orleans, LA, United States
| | | | - Edward S Peters
- Epidemiology Program, School of Public Health, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center New Orleans, New Orleans, LA, United States
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Barrett B, Harden CM, Brown RL, Coe CL, Irwin MR. Mindfulness meditation and exercise both improve sleep quality: Secondary analysis of a randomized controlled trial of community dwelling adults. Sleep Health 2020; 6:804-813. [PMID: 32448712 DOI: 10.1016/j.sleh.2020.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2019] [Revised: 04/04/2020] [Accepted: 04/05/2020] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To assess the benefits of training in mindfulness-based stress reduction (MBSR) or moderate intensity exercise (EX) for improving sleep quality. DESIGN Randomized controlled trial. SETTING Outpatient, community-based. PARTICIPANTS Healthy adults (n = 413) aged 30-69 who did not regularly exercise or practice meditation, and who had no known prior sleep problems. INTERVENTIONS 1) 8-weeks of MBSR training; 2) matched EX training; or 3) wait-list control. MEASUREMENTS The Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) was administered at baseline and at 1, 3, 5, and 7-month follow-up visits. ANALYSIS Total PSQI scores and three PSQI factors (perceived sleep quality; daily disturbance, sleep efficiency) were assessed using linear mixed effects regression models for longitudinal data. RESULTS Compared to controls, PSQI global scores improved significantly for EX (mean change -0.98 points [95% CI -1.56, -0.41] p = 0.001) and marginally for MBSR (-0.53 [-1.10, 0.04] p = 0.07). The perceived sleep quality factor improved for both EX (-0.18 [-0.30, -0.07] p = 0.002) and MBSR (-0.12 [-0.24, -0.01] p = 0.035). The daily disturbance factor improved slightly more for MBSR (-0.13 [-0.22, -0.033] p = 0.008) than EX (-0.09 [-0.19, 0.004] p = 0.06). The sleep efficiency factor did not improve after MBSR (0.08 [-0.045, 0.21] p = 0.2) or EX (-0.07 [-0.20, 0.06] p = 0.3). Improvements in the sleep quality were sustained over 7 months for both groups. CONCLUSIONS Training in MBSR and EX produced small but statistically significant and sustained improvements in sleep quality. For EX participants, this improvement was due primarily to improvements in perceived sleep quality. For MBSR, the decrease in daily disturbance was more important.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruce Barrett
- Department of Family Medicine and Community Health, University of Wisconsin, School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison United States.
| | - Christine M Harden
- Department of Family Medicine and Community Health, University of Wisconsin, School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison United States
| | - Roger L Brown
- University of Wisconsin-Madison, School of Nursing, United States
| | - Christopher L Coe
- Department of Psychology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, United States
| | - Michael R Irwin
- David Geffen School of Medicine, Psychiatry, University of California - Los Angeles, United States
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30
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Anand A, Kaur G, Bammidi S, Mathur D, Battu P, Sharma K, Tyagi R, Pannu V, Bhanushali D, Limaye N. Primer for Mainstreaming Mind-Body Techniques for Extreme Climates-Insights and Future Directions. MEDICINES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2020; 7:E12. [PMID: 32155939 PMCID: PMC7151557 DOI: 10.3390/medicines7030012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2019] [Revised: 02/26/2020] [Accepted: 03/04/2020] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Background: The deprivation of oxygen reaching the tissues (also termed as hypoxia) affects the normal functioning of the body. This results in development of many diseases like ischemia, glaucoma, MCI (Mild Cognitive Impairment), pulmonary and cerebral edema, stress and depression. There are no effective drugs that can treat such diseases. Despite such failure, alternative interventions such as mind-body techniques (MBTs) have not been adequately investigated. Methods: The first part of this review has been focused on philosophical aspects of various MBTs besides evolving an ayurgenomic perspective. The potential of MBTs as a preventive non-pharmacological intervention in the treatment of various general and hypoxic pathologies has been further described in this section. In the second part, molecular, physiological, and neuroprotective roles of MBTs in normal and hypoxic/ischemic conditions has been discussed. Results: In this respect, the importance of and in vivo studies has also been discussed. Conclusions: Although several studies have investigated the role of protective strategies in coping with the hypoxic environment, the efficacy of MBTs at the molecular level has been ignored.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akshay Anand
- Neuroscience Research Lab, Department of Neurology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh 160012, India; (G.K.); (S.B.); (P.B.); (K.S.); (R.T.)
| | - Gurkeerat Kaur
- Neuroscience Research Lab, Department of Neurology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh 160012, India; (G.K.); (S.B.); (P.B.); (K.S.); (R.T.)
| | - Sridhar Bammidi
- Neuroscience Research Lab, Department of Neurology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh 160012, India; (G.K.); (S.B.); (P.B.); (K.S.); (R.T.)
| | - Deepali Mathur
- School of Biotechnology, KIIT University, Bhubaneswar 751024, India;
| | - Priya Battu
- Neuroscience Research Lab, Department of Neurology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh 160012, India; (G.K.); (S.B.); (P.B.); (K.S.); (R.T.)
| | - Kanupriya Sharma
- Neuroscience Research Lab, Department of Neurology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh 160012, India; (G.K.); (S.B.); (P.B.); (K.S.); (R.T.)
| | - Rahul Tyagi
- Neuroscience Research Lab, Department of Neurology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh 160012, India; (G.K.); (S.B.); (P.B.); (K.S.); (R.T.)
| | - Viraaj Pannu
- Government Medical College and Hospital, Chandigarh 160030, India;
| | - Disha Bhanushali
- Sri Sri institute of Advanced Research, Ved Vignan Maha Vidya Peeth, Bangaluru 560082, India;
| | - Nitin Limaye
- Neuroscience Research Lab, Department of Neurology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh 160012, India; (G.K.); (S.B.); (P.B.); (K.S.); (R.T.)
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Whitaker RC, Herman AN, Dearth-Wesley T, Hubbell K, Huff R, Heneghan LJ, Rowe PC. The association of fatigue with dispositional mindfulness: relationships by levels of depressive symptoms, sleep quality, childhood adversity, and chronic medical conditions. Prev Med 2019; 129:105873. [PMID: 31644898 DOI: 10.1016/j.ypmed.2019.105873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2019] [Revised: 10/15/2019] [Accepted: 10/17/2019] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Although mindfulness-based interventions may be effective in addressing the common symptom of fatigue, no population-based studies have examined the relationship between mindfulness and fatigue. We determined whether higher levels of dispositional mindfulness were associated with lower levels of fatigue. Cross-sectional data were obtained through the Pennsylvania Head Start Staff Wellness Survey, a 2012 web-based survey in which 2199 of 3375 (65%) eligible staff participated. The analytic sample was restricted to the 2083 female respondents with complete data on dispositional mindfulness (Cognitive and Affective Mindfulness Scale-Revised) and fatigue (Fatigue Severity Scale). We determined the mean covariate-adjusted fatigue scores in each quartile of dispositional mindfulness. This relationship was examined in the overall sample and within subgroups defined by levels of four variables: depressive symptoms, poor sleep quality, childhood adversity, and chronic medical conditions. The sample was 86% non-Hispanic White, and 61% had a bachelor's or more advanced degree. The mean (SD) Fatigue Severity Scale score was 3.3 (1.3). The adjusted mean fatigue score decreased significantly and in a graded manner across higher quartiles of mindfulness, with the adjusted fatigue score 1.4 points lower (95% confidence interval: -1.5, -1.2) among those in the highest quartile of dispositional mindfulness compared to the lowest. This significant graded relationship was present within each subgroup examined, and there was not a statistically significant interaction between dispositional mindfulness and any subgroup variable. Future trials of mindfulness-based interventions should consider assessing the outcome of fatigue in both clinical and non-clinical populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert C Whitaker
- Columbia-Bassett Program, Cooperstown, NY, United States of America; Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY, United States of America; Bassett Research Institute, Cooperstown, NY, United States of America; Bassett Medical Center, Cooperstown, NY, United States of America.
| | - Allison N Herman
- Columbia-Bassett Program, Cooperstown, NY, United States of America; Bassett Research Institute, Cooperstown, NY, United States of America; Bassett Medical Center, Cooperstown, NY, United States of America
| | - Tracy Dearth-Wesley
- Columbia-Bassett Program, Cooperstown, NY, United States of America; Bassett Research Institute, Cooperstown, NY, United States of America; Bassett Medical Center, Cooperstown, NY, United States of America
| | - Kenneth Hubbell
- Columbia-Bassett Program, Cooperstown, NY, United States of America; Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY, United States of America
| | - Ryan Huff
- Columbia-Bassett Program, Cooperstown, NY, United States of America; Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY, United States of America
| | - Liam J Heneghan
- Columbia-Bassett Program, Cooperstown, NY, United States of America; Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY, United States of America
| | - Peter C Rowe
- Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States of America
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Telles S, Kala N, Gupta RK, Verma S, Vishwakarma B, Agnihotri S, Gandharva K, Balkrishna A. Effect of yoga on vigilance, self rated sleep and state anxiety in Border Security Force personnel in India. Work 2019; 63:243-251. [PMID: 31156205 DOI: 10.3233/wor-192925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Military occupations require heightened vigilance with resultant sleep disturbances, increased anxiety and reduced vigilance. OBJECTIVE To compare yoga with physical training to reduce insomnia, anxiety and increase vigilance in security personnel. METHODS One hundred and twelve Border Security Force personnel (BSF group, males; mean age±SD = 30.4±7.4 years) were compared with 112 personnel of a private security firm (SIS group). The BSF group received yoga for nine days and the SIS group received physical training for the same period. Assessments were at baseline and after 9 days, with the digit vigilance test (DVT), Spielberger's STAI-S, and a sleep rating questionnaire. RESULTS (1) Between groups: (i) at baseline the BSF group had higher vigilance and more daytime naps compared to the SIS group and (ii) after nine days the SIS group had higher state anxiety compared to the BSF group (ANOVA, Bonferroni adjusted post-hoc comparisons; SPSS Version 24.0) (2) In post-pre intervention comparisons (i) the BSF group increased vigilance and decreased state anxiety after yoga, with improved sleep, while (ii) the SIS group showed increased vigilance after physical training. CONCLUSION Yoga may improve sleep, reduce anxiety while increasing vigilance in occupations requiring vigilance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shirley Telles
- Patanjali Research Foundation, Patanjali Yogpeeth, Haridwar, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Niranjan Kala
- Patanjali Research Foundation, Patanjali Yogpeeth, Haridwar, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Ram Kumar Gupta
- Patanjali Research Foundation, Patanjali Yogpeeth, Haridwar, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Sadhana Verma
- Patanjali Research Foundation, Patanjali Yogpeeth, Haridwar, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Babita Vishwakarma
- Patanjali Research Foundation, Patanjali Yogpeeth, Haridwar, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Savita Agnihotri
- Patanjali Research Foundation, Patanjali Yogpeeth, Haridwar, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Kumar Gandharva
- Patanjali Research Foundation, Patanjali Yogpeeth, Haridwar, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Acharya Balkrishna
- Patanjali Research Foundation, Patanjali Yogpeeth, Haridwar, Uttarakhand, India
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Lock AM, Bonetti DL, Campbell ADK. The psychological and physiological health effects of fatigue. Occup Med (Lond) 2019; 68:502-511. [PMID: 30445654 DOI: 10.1093/occmed/kqy109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The issue of employee fatigue is becoming increasingly prominent, particularly in safety-critical industries. Aims To produce an in-depth review collating the known psychological and physiological health and work effects of fatigue to guide mitigation strategies in safety-critical industries. Methods Literature searches were conducted via scientific databases using appropriate filters and keywords. The available results were collated into a review and commentary. Results Decreased sleep duration and chronodisruption have been shown to cause both significant morbidity and mortality. There is a large body of evidence showing strong associations between fatigue, reduced cognition and occupational accidents, as well as increased metabolic and reproductive health sequelae, some forms of cancer and mortality. Additional evidence links fatigue with mental, gastrointestinal, neurological and chronic pain sequelae. Conclusions Fatigue risk mitigation strategies should be implemented, not only to reduce these short- and long-term health risks in employees of safety-critical industries, but also to create more efficient, productive and effective workplace personnel with longer and more fulfilling careers. This requires improved acute fatigue mitigation, as well as the prevention of cumulative fatigue build-up and the formation of acute-on-chronic fatigue. The health recommendations for fatigue mitigation outlined in this paper are pertinent to all professions where employees have high rates of both acute and chronic fatigue.
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Affiliation(s)
- A M Lock
- Aviation Medicine Unit, RNZAF Base Auckland, Whenuapai, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - D L Bonetti
- Aviation Medicine Unit, RNZAF Base Auckland, Whenuapai, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - A D K Campbell
- Aviation Medicine Unit, RNZAF Base Auckland, Whenuapai, Auckland, New Zealand
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Trent NL, Borden S, Miraglia M, Pasalis E, Dusek JA, Khalsa SBS. Improvements in Psychological and Occupational Well-being Following a Brief Yoga-Based Program for Education Professionals. Glob Adv Health Med 2019; 8:2164956119856856. [PMID: 31218118 PMCID: PMC6563397 DOI: 10.1177/2164956119856856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2018] [Revised: 05/09/2019] [Accepted: 05/21/2019] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The purpose of this study was to examine changes in psychological and occupational well-being in education professionals who attended a yoga-based program. METHODS Education professionals who attended a 3-day yoga-based RISE (resilience, integration, self-awareness, engagement) program were recruited to participate. RISE was administered at the Kripalu Center for Yoga & Health. Measures of psychological and occupational well-being, and health-related behaviors were completed before (baseline), after (post), and 2 months after RISE (follow-up). Forty-four participants completed baseline and post and were included in the analysis. Of those, 33 participants also completed the follow-up. Paired samples t tests were used to compare scores between time points. RESULTS Compared to baseline, at post, participants showed improvements in perceived stress, mindfulness, empowerment, positive affect, negative affect, self-compassion, total work engagement, vigor, sleep quality (all P values < .001), resilience, satisfaction with life, as well as exhaustion and professional efficacy which are dimensions of burnout (all P values < .01). At the follow-up, significant improvements were maintained for mindfulness, empowerment, self-compassion, sleep quality (all P values < .001), resilience, vigor, and exhaustion (all P values < .01) and positive affect, satisfaction with life, and work engagement (all P values < .05). CONCLUSIONS These findings suggest that the yoga-based RISE program improves psychological and occupational well-being in education professionals. In addition, participants reported that attending RISE was feasible, they could continue using RISE practices long-term, shared them with work colleagues, and reported that RISE positively impacted both their daily lives and workplace environment. With these promising results, additional controlled research is warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalie L Trent
- Department of Research, Kripalu Center for Yoga & Health, Stockbridge, Massachusetts
| | - Sara Borden
- Department of Research, Kripalu Center for Yoga & Health, Stockbridge, Massachusetts
| | - Mindy Miraglia
- Department of Research, Kripalu Center for Yoga & Health, Stockbridge, Massachusetts
| | - Edi Pasalis
- Department of Research, Kripalu Center for Yoga & Health, Stockbridge, Massachusetts
| | - Jeffery A Dusek
- Department of Research, Kripalu Center for Yoga & Health, Stockbridge, Massachusetts
| | - Sat Bir S Khalsa
- Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
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Pagnucci N, Tolotti A, Cadorin L, Valcarenghi D, Forfori F. Promoting nighttime sleep in the intensive care unit: Alternative strategies in nursing. Intensive Crit Care Nurs 2019; 51:73-81. [DOI: 10.1016/j.iccn.2018.11.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2017] [Revised: 08/05/2018] [Accepted: 11/29/2018] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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KauricKlein Z. Effect of yoga on physical and psychological outcomes in patients on chronic hemodialysis. Complement Ther Clin Pract 2019; 34:41-45. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ctcp.2018.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2018] [Accepted: 11/06/2018] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Abstract
PURPOSE This study assessed the effectiveness of patient-directed interventions for improving sleep quality in patients with cystic fibrosis and pulmonary hypertension. METHODS A nonrandomized, prospective pilot study was used to monitor the effectiveness of patient-initiated sleep preferences in 15 hospitalized patients. RESULTS During their stay, 53.3% of patients reported better sleep associated with the intervention, supporting the need for and efficacy of patient-driven sleep interventions. CONCLUSION Patients unanimously recognized the need for sleep interventions and were open to seeking a good sleep hygiene regimen to improve their sleep quality while in the hospital.
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Voiß P, Höxtermann MD, Dobos G, Cramer H. The use of mind-body medicine among US individuals with sleep problems: analysis of the 2017 National Health Interview Survey data. Sleep Med 2019; 56:151-156. [PMID: 30799256 DOI: 10.1016/j.sleep.2019.01.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2018] [Revised: 12/21/2018] [Accepted: 01/09/2019] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Being a major health risk and very prevalent in the population, sleep problems are an important health care issue. METHODS We used the 2017 National Health Interview Survey (NHIS) to study the prevalence of sleep problems and the use of mind body medicine (MBM) among individuals with sleep problems in a representative sample of the US population (N = 26,742). Using chi-squared tests and backward stepwise multiple logistic regression analyses, predictors of sleep problems and of MBM use in the past 12 months were identified. RESULTS The prevalence of sleep problems was 49.3%, with higher prevalence being associated with higher age, being female, being non-Hispanic White, and higher education. Among individuals with sleep problems, 29.8% used MBM vs. only 17.5% without. Being less than 30 years of age, female, non-Hispanic White, living in the Western US, having a higher education, and being diagnosed with heart disease predicted MBM use among individual's with sleep problems. Yoga (16.3%), spiritual meditation (13.6%), and mindfulness meditation (7.5%) were the most used MBM approaches. CONCLUSION The characteristics of individuals with sleep problems were largely in line with the literature, while notably Whites were more prone to sleep problems than other ethnicities. MBM treatments commonly used were yoga, spiritual meditation and mindfulness meditation; although evidence supports its use for sleep problems, tai chi was used rarely by the wider population. Further studies should explore reasons for ethnical differences in MBM use and why some effective MBM approaches are not commonly used.
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Affiliation(s)
- Petra Voiß
- Department of Internal and Integrative Medicine, Kliniken Essen-Mitte, Faculty of Medicine, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Melanie Désirée Höxtermann
- Department of Internal and Integrative Medicine, Kliniken Essen-Mitte, Faculty of Medicine, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany.
| | - Gustav Dobos
- Department of Internal and Integrative Medicine, Kliniken Essen-Mitte, Faculty of Medicine, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Holger Cramer
- Department of Internal and Integrative Medicine, Kliniken Essen-Mitte, Faculty of Medicine, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany; Australian Research Centre in Complementary and Integrative Medicine (ARCCIM), Faculty of Health, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, Australia
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Hampson N, King L, Eriksson LM, Smee H. The effects of relaxation training on depression and anxiety in people living with long-term neurological conditions. Disabil Rehabil 2019; 42:2100-2105. [PMID: 30653375 DOI: 10.1080/09638288.2018.1554009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Purpose: The present study investigated the effects of a relaxation training program on self-reported depression and anxiety in participants living with long-term neurological conditions, including acquired brain injury, stroke, Parkinson's disease, and multiple sclerosis.Materials and methods: A five-session relaxation training program, plus a follow-up session was offered to people living with a long-term neurological condition as part of routine clinical practice, and was delivered in their own homes. A self-report measure (Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale) was administered at the pre- and post-intervention time points and at follow-up, around 5 weeks after the final session. Participants also completed an individual assessment of change questionnaire at follow-up, reporting on subjective views of observed changes.Results: Statistically significant improvements were found on measures of both anxiety and depression following completion of the relaxation program. Scores at follow-up (mean = 5 weeks) revealed the improvement was maintained for anxiety, and there was further significant improvement for depression. Reliable change analyses from pre- to post-intervention demonstrated a clinically significant decrease in anxiety scores for 47% of participants and in depression scores for 30% of participants. No clinically significant increase in depression and anxiety was identified from pre- to post-intervention, and this was generally maintained at follow-up.Conclusion: Relaxation training is proposed as a clinically effective treatment for anxiety and depression in people living with long-term neurological conditions, which could in turn lead to better functional outcomes of neurorehabilitation. The program investigated here has additional benefits of being delivered in people's own homes, which overcomes barriers to attending hospital, and is consistent with trends towards home as opposed to hospital care. This program may also be less costly to administer as it can be delivered as part of a stepped-care program by therapy assistants under supervision from qualified staff, and encourages self-management over the longer term. Design limitations may reduce the generalisability of these findings, but are clinically encouraging and should stimulate further research.Implications for RehabilitationRelaxation training…• could be offered as an effective first-line intervention, as an alternative to medication to treat anxiety and depression to people living with Long-Term Neurological Conditionsis a self-management strategy which can be taught in people's own homes, if getting out of the house is difficultcan be delivered as a stepped-care intervention via therapy assistants, helping to reduce costs and demands on rehabilitation servicesmay help to improve the functional outcomes of wider rehabilitation interventions by addressing psychological issues which can be a barrier.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalie Hampson
- Department of Paediatric Clinical Psychology, Sheffield Children's Hospital, Sheffield, UK
| | - Lorraine King
- Department of Clinical Neuropsychology, Salford Royal NHS Foundation Trust, Salford, UK
| | | | - Hannah Smee
- Greater Manchester Mental Health NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, UK
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Brandmeyer T, Delorme A, Wahbeh H. The neuroscience of meditation: classification, phenomenology, correlates, and mechanisms. PROGRESS IN BRAIN RESEARCH 2019; 244:1-29. [PMID: 30732832 DOI: 10.1016/bs.pbr.2018.10.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Rising from its contemplative and spiritual traditions, the science of meditation has seen huge growth over the last 30 years. This chapter reviews the classifications, phenomenology, neural correlates, and mechanisms of meditation. Meditation classification types are still varied and largely subjective. Broader models to describe meditation practice along multidimensional parameters may improve classification in the future. Phenomenological studies are few but growing, highlighting the subjective experience and correlations to neurophysiology. Oscillatory EEG studies are not conclusive likely due to the heterogeneous nature of the meditation styles and practitioners being assessed. Neuroimaging studies find common patterns during meditation and in long-term meditators reflecting the basic similarities of meditation in general; however, mostly the patterns differ across unique meditation traditions. Research on the mechanisms of meditation, specifically attention and emotion regulation is also discussed. There is a growing body of evidence demonstrating positive benefits from meditation in some clinical populations especially for stress reduction, anxiety, depression, and pain improvement, although future research would benefit by addressing the remaining methodological and conceptual issues. Meditation research continues to grow allowing us to understand greater nuances of how meditation works and its effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tracy Brandmeyer
- Osher Center for Integrative Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, CA, United States; Centre de Recherche Cerveau et Cognition (CerCo), Université Paul Sabatier, Toulouse, France; CNRS, UMR 5549, Toulouse, France.
| | - Arnaud Delorme
- Centre de Recherche Cerveau et Cognition (CerCo), Université Paul Sabatier, Toulouse, France; CNRS, UMR 5549, Toulouse, France; Institute of Noetic Sciences (IONS), Petaluma, CA, United States; Swartz Center for Computational Neuroscience, Institute of Neural Computation (INC), University of California, San Diego, CA, United States
| | - Helané Wahbeh
- Institute of Noetic Sciences (IONS), Petaluma, CA, United States; Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, United States
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Internet Mindfulness Meditation Intervention (IMMI) Improves Depression Symptoms in Older Adults. MEDICINES 2018; 5:medicines5040119. [PMID: 30400211 PMCID: PMC6313401 DOI: 10.3390/medicines5040119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2018] [Revised: 10/26/2018] [Accepted: 10/31/2018] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Background: Older adults have fewer physiological reserves and are more likely to be affected by stress. Mindfulness meditation has the potential to be an effective treatment for depression, but little research has been conducted on older adults. The primary objective of this study was to evaluate depression symptom changes in older adults (55–80 years old) taking an Internet Mindfulness Meditation Intervention (IMMI) compared to a waitlist control. The secondary aims were to collect data on pain, perceived stress, resilience, mindfulness, sleep quality, and spirituality. Methods: Fifty older adults were randomized to either the Internet Mindfulness Meditation Intervention, a six-week online intervention with daily home practice, or a waitlist control. Measures were collected at baseline, after the six-week intervention period, and again six weeks later after the waitlist participants completed IMMI. Adherence to home practice was objectively measured with iMINDr. Changes in outcomes for the IMMI and waitlist participants were compared. All participants who completed IMMI were then combined for a within-participant analysis. Results: Adherence to the intervention was low, likely due to a traumatic event in the local area of the participants. Compared to the waitlist participants, those in IMMI had improved depression symptoms (p < 0.00005), perceived stress (p = 0.0007), insomnia symptoms ((p = 0.0009), and pain severity (p = 0.05). In the within-participant analysis of all data before and after IMMI (i.e., those initially randomized to IMMI and waitlist participants who took it), we found improvements in depression symptoms (p = 0.0001), perceived stress (p = 0.0001), insomnia symptoms (p < 0.00005), pain interference (p = 0.003), and spirituality (p = 0.018). A seven-week follow-up after the original six-week IMMI program showed sustained improvements in the IMMI participants. Conclusions: IMMI improved depression and related symptoms compared to controls despite minimal support from study staff. IMMI offers a low-dose, low-cost, easily accessible mindfulness meditation intervention for older adults with depression symptoms.
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Lorenc A, Feder G, MacPherson H, Little P, Mercer SW, Sharp D. Scoping review of systematic reviews of complementary medicine for musculoskeletal and mental health conditions. BMJ Open 2018; 8:e020222. [PMID: 30327397 PMCID: PMC6196876 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2017-020222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To identify potentially effective complementary approaches for musculoskeletal (MSK)-mental health (MH) comorbidity, by synthesising evidence on effectiveness, cost-effectiveness and safety from systematic reviews (SRs). DESIGN Scoping review of SRs. METHODS We searched literature databases, registries and reference lists, and contacted key authors and professional organisations to identify SRs of randomised controlled trials for complementary medicine for MSK or MH. Inclusion criteria were: published after 2004, studying adults, in English and scoring >50% on Assessing the Methodological Quality of Systematic Reviews (AMSTAR); quality appraisal checklist). SRs were synthesised to identify research priorities, based on moderate/good quality evidence, sample size and indication of cost-effectiveness and safety. RESULTS We included 84 MSK SRs and 27 MH SRs. Only one focused on MSK-MH comorbidity. Meditative approaches and yoga may improve MH outcomes in MSK populations. Yoga and tai chi had moderate/good evidence for MSK and MH conditions. SRs reported moderate/good quality evidence (any comparator) in a moderate/large population for: low back pain (LBP) (yoga, acupuncture, spinal manipulation/mobilisation, osteopathy), osteoarthritis (OA) (acupuncture, tai chi), neck pain (acupuncture, manipulation/manual therapy), myofascial trigger point pain (acupuncture), depression (mindfulness-based stress reduction (MBSR), meditation, tai chi, relaxation), anxiety (meditation/MBSR, moving meditation, yoga), sleep disorders (meditative/mind-body movement) and stress/distress (mindfulness). The majority of these complementary approaches had some evidence of safety-only three had evidence of harm. There was some evidence of cost-effectiveness for spinal manipulation/mobilisation and acupuncture for LBP, and manual therapy/manipulation for neck pain, but few SRs reviewed cost-effectiveness and many found no data. CONCLUSIONS Only one SR studied MSK-MH comorbidity. Research priorities for complementary medicine for both MSK and MH (LBP, OA, depression, anxiety and sleep problems) are yoga, mindfulness and tai chi. Despite the large number of SRs and the prevalence of comorbidity, more high-quality, large randomised controlled trials in comorbid populations are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ava Lorenc
- Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, Bristol, UK
| | - Gene Feder
- Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, Bristol, UK
| | | | - Paul Little
- Primary Care and Population Science Unit, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - Stewart W Mercer
- General Practice and Primary Care, Institute of Health and Wellbeing, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Deborah Sharp
- Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, Bristol, UK
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Afshar M, Mohsenzadeh A, Gilasi H, Sadeghi-Gandomani H. The effects of guided imagery on state and trait anxiety and sleep quality among patients receiving hemodialysis: A randomized controlled trial. Complement Ther Med 2018; 40:37-41. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ctim.2018.07.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2018] [Revised: 07/02/2018] [Accepted: 07/08/2018] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
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Innes KE, Selfe TK, Kandati S, Wen S, Huysmans Z. Effects of Mantra Meditation versus Music Listening on Knee Pain, Function, and Related Outcomes in Older Adults with Knee Osteoarthritis: An Exploratory Randomized Clinical Trial (RCT). EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE : ECAM 2018; 2018:7683897. [PMID: 30245732 PMCID: PMC6136530 DOI: 10.1155/2018/7683897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2018] [Revised: 07/31/2018] [Accepted: 08/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Disease-modifying treatments for OA remain elusive, and commonly used medications can have serious side effects. Although meditation and music listening (ML) have been shown to improve outcomes in certain chronic pain populations, research in OA is sparse. In this pilot RCT, we explore the effects of two mind-body practices, mantra meditation (MM) and ML, on knee pain, function, and related outcomes in adults with knee OA. METHODS Twenty-two older ambulatory adults diagnosed with knee OA were randomized to a MM (N=11) or ML program (N=11) and asked to practice 15-20 minutes, twice daily for 8 weeks. Core outcomes included knee pain (Knee Injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score [KOOS] and Numeric Rating Scale), knee function (KOOS), and perceived OA severity (Patient Global Assessment). Additional outcomes included perceived stress (Perceived Stress Scale), mood (Profile of Mood States), sleep (Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index), and health-related quality of life (QOL, SF-36). Participants were assessed at baseline and following completion of the program. RESULTS Twenty participants (91%) completed the study (9 MM, 11 ML). Compliance was excellent; participants completed an average of 12.1±0.83 sessions/week. Relative to baseline, participants in both groups demonstrated improvement post-intervention in all core outcomes, including knee pain, function, and perceived OA severity, as well as improvement in mood, perceived stress, and QOL (Physical Health) (p's≤0.05). Relative to ML, the MM group showed greater improvements in overall mood and sleep (p's≤0.04), QOL-Mental Health (p<0.07), kinesiophobia (p=0.09), and two domains of the KOOS (p's<0.09). CONCLUSIONS Findings of this exploratory RCT suggest that a simple MM and, possibly, ML program may be effective in reducing knee pain and dysfunction, decreasing stress, and improving mood, sleep, and QOL in adults with knee OA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kim E. Innes
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, USA
| | - Terry Kit Selfe
- Department of Biomedical and Health Information Services, Health Science Center Libraries, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Sahiti Kandati
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, USA
- School of Dentistry, SUNY-Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Sijin Wen
- Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, USA
| | - Zenzi Huysmans
- College of Physical Activity and Sport Sciences, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, USA
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Huang CY, Chang ET, Lai HL. Use of integrative medicine approaches for treating adults with sleep disturbances. Appl Nurs Res 2018; 43:49-55. [PMID: 30220363 DOI: 10.1016/j.apnr.2018.06.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2018] [Revised: 04/27/2018] [Accepted: 06/23/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
AIM This study determined the prevalence, perceived efficacy, and influencing factors and evaluated the sources of information as well as the barriers and facilitators for the use of integrative medicine approaches (IMA) within the previous 12 months to treat adults with sleep disturbances. BACKGROUND No studies have assessed the use of integrative medicine approaches in adults with sleep disturbances. METHODS A cross-sectional postal survey was conducted. Adults with sleep disturbances were purposively selected from the sleep center of a hospital in Taiwan. Binary logistic regression was used to analyze and compare the differences between groups of use and non-use IMA. RESULTS The response rate was 94.5% (n = 515). The prevalence for the use of integrative medicine approaches was 53.4% (n = 275). The most prevalent IMA was music. However, the most perceivably efficacious integrative medicine approaches was acupressure, followed by music and meditation. Independent explanatory variables were educational attainment, the number of chronic diseases/symptoms, and healthy lifestyles for the use of IMA. The most common source of information was television/radio. The top facilitator and barrier for the use of integrative medicine approaches were side effects of sleeping pills and limited accessibility. CONCLUSIONS IMA are used by a considerable proportion of adults for treating sleep disturbances in Taiwan. The findings of this study identified the significant explanatory variables of IMA use and provided a fundamental understanding the aspects of IMA use in the adults with sleep disturbances is particularly important for health care providers in practice associated with their patients.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - En-Ting Chang
- Division of Chest Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Buddhist Tzu Chi General Hospital, Hualien, Taiwan; School of Medicine, Tzu Chi University, Hualien, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Hui-Ling Lai
- Department of Nursing, Tzu Chi University No. 701, Section 3, Zhongyang RD, Hualien 97004, Taiwan.
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Chamine I, Atchley R, Oken BS. Hypnosis Intervention Effects on Sleep Outcomes: A Systematic Review. J Clin Sleep Med 2018; 14:271-283. [PMID: 29198290 PMCID: PMC5786848 DOI: 10.5664/jcsm.6952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2017] [Revised: 09/09/2017] [Accepted: 09/25/2017] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
STUDY OBJECTIVES Sleep improvement is a promising target for preventing and modifying many health problems. Hypnosis is considered a cost-effective and safe intervention with reported benefits for multiple health conditions. There is a growing body of research assessing the efficacy of hypnosis for various health conditions in which sleep was targeted as a primary or secondary outcome. This review aimed to investigate the effects of hypnosis interventions on sleep, to describe the hypnotic procedures, and to evaluate potential adverse effects of hypnosis. METHODS We reviewed studies (prior to January 2017) using hypnosis in adults for sleep problems and other conditions comorbid with sleep problems, with at least one sleep outcome measure. Randomized controlled trials and other prospective studies were included. RESULTS One hundred thirty-nine nonduplicate abstracts were screened, and 24 of the reviewed papers were included for qualitative analysis. Overall, 58.3% of the included studies reported hypnosis benefit on sleep outcomes, with 12.5% reporting mixed results, and 29.2% reporting no hypnosis benefit; when only studies with lower risk of bias were reviewed the patterns were similar. Hypnosis intervention procedures were summarized and incidence of adverse experiences assessed. CONCLUSIONS Hypnosis for sleep problems is a promising treatment that merits further investigation. Available evidence suggests low incidence of adverse events. The current evidence is limited because of few studies assessing populations with sleep complaints, small samples, and low methodological quality of the included studies. Our review points out some beneficial hypnosis effects on sleep but more high-quality studies on this topic are warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irina Chamine
- Department of Neurology, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon
| | - Rachel Atchley
- Department of Neurology, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon
| | - Barry S. Oken
- Department of Neurology, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon
- Department of Behavioral Neuroscience, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon
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Abstract
Although many neurologic conditions are common, cures are rare and conventional treatments are often limited. Many patients, therefore, turn to complementary and alternative medicine (CAM). The use of selected, evidence-based CAM therapies for the prevention and treatment of migraine, carpal tunnel syndrome, and dementia are presented. Evidence is growing many of modalities, including nutrition, exercise, mind-body medicine, supplements, and acupuncture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca Erwin Wells
- Department of Neurology, Wake Forest Baptist Health, Medical Center Boulevard, Winston-Salem, NC 27157, USA.
| | - Vanessa Baute
- Department of Neurology, Wake Forest Baptist Health, Medical Center Boulevard, Winston-Salem, NC 27157, USA
| | - Helané Wahbeh
- Department of Neurology, Oregon Health and Science University, 3181 SW Sam Jackson Park Road, Portland, OR 97239, USA
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Sgoifo A, Bignamini A, La Mantia L, Celani MG, Parietti P, Ceriani MA, Marazzi MR, Proserpio P, Nobili L, Protti A, Agostoni EC. Integrated Imaginative Distention Therapy to Cope with Fatigue. DIMMI SI Study: The First Randomized Controlled Trial in Multiple Sclerosis. Neurol Ther 2017; 6:213-223. [PMID: 28795383 PMCID: PMC5700903 DOI: 10.1007/s40120-017-0081-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2017] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Fatigue is a frequent, disabling, and difficult to treat symptom in neurological disease and in other stress-related conditions; Integrated Imaginative Distention (IID) is a therapy combining muscular and imaginative relaxation, feasible also in disabled subjects; the DIMMI SI trial was planned to evaluate IID efficacy on fatigue. Methods The design was a parallel, randomised 1:1 (intervention:waiting list), controlled, open-label trial. Participants were persons with multiple sclerosis (pwMS), persons with insomnia (pwINS), and health professionals (HP) as conditions related to fatigue and stress. The primary outcome was the post-intervention change of fatigue; secondary outcomes were changes in insomnia, stress, and quality of life (QoL). Eight IID weekly training group sessions were delivered by a skilled psychotherapist. The study lasted 12 months. Results One hundred and forty-four subjects were enrolled, 48 for each condition. The mean change in Modified Fatigue Impact Scale (MFIS) score among exposed was 7.7 [95% CI 1.1, 14.4] (P = 0.023) in pwMS; 7.1 [1.9, 12.3] (P = 0.007) among pwINS, and 11.3 [4.3, 18.2] among HP (P = 0.002). At the last follow-up, the benefit was confirmed on physical fatigue for pwMS, on total fatigue for pwINS and HP. Conclusions DIMMI SI is the first randomized controlled trial evaluating the efficacy of IID on fatigue. IID resulted a complementary intervention to reduce fatigue in stress-related conditions, in both health and disease status. NCT02290990ClinicalTrials.gov. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1007/s40120-017-0081-9) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annalisa Sgoifo
- Department of Neurosciences, ASST Niguarda Hospital, Piazza Ospedale Maggiore, 3, 20162, Milan, Italy.
| | - Angelo Bignamini
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Specialization in Hospital Pharmacy, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Loredana La Mantia
- Multiple Sclerosis Centre, Department of Neurosciences, ASST Niguarda Hospital, Piazza Ospedale Maggiore, 3, 20162, Milan, Italy
| | - Maria G Celani
- UOC Neurophysiopathology Division, A.O. Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | | | | | - Maria R Marazzi
- Multiple Sclerosis Centre, Department of Neurosciences, ASST Niguarda Hospital, Piazza Ospedale Maggiore, 3, 20162, Milan, Italy
| | - Paola Proserpio
- Sleep Disorders Center and Claudio Munari Neurosurgery Epilepsy Center, ASST Niguarda Hospital, Piazza Ospedale Maggiore, 3, 20162, Milan, Italy
| | - Lino Nobili
- Sleep Disorders Center and Claudio Munari Neurosurgery Epilepsy Center, ASST Niguarda Hospital, Piazza Ospedale Maggiore, 3, 20162, Milan, Italy
| | - Alessandra Protti
- Multiple Sclerosis Centre, Department of Neurosciences, ASST Niguarda Hospital, Piazza Ospedale Maggiore, 3, 20162, Milan, Italy
| | - Elio C Agostoni
- Department of Neurosciences, ASST Niguarda Hospital, Piazza Ospedale Maggiore, 3, 20162, Milan, Italy
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Colgan DD, Wahbeh H, Pleet M, Besler K, Christopher M. A Qualitative Study of Mindfulness Among Veterans With Posttraumatic Stress Disorder: Practices Differentially Affect Symptoms, Aspects of Well-Being, and Potential Mechanisms of Action. J Evid Based Complementary Altern Med 2017; 22:482-493. [PMID: 30208735 PMCID: PMC5871168 DOI: 10.1177/2156587216684999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2016] [Revised: 10/13/2016] [Accepted: 11/21/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
This qualitative study explored and compared the subjective experiences of 102 veterans with posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) who were randomly assigned to 1 of 4 arms: ( a) body scan, ( b) mindful breathing, ( c) slow breathing, or ( d) sitting quietly. Qualitative data were obtained via semistructured interviews following the intervention and analyzed using conventional content analysis. The percentage of participants within each intervention who endorsed a specific theme was calculated. Two-proportion z tests were then calculated to determine if the differences among themes endorsed in specific groups were statistically significant. Six core themes emerged from analysis of participant responses across the 4 groups: ( a) enhanced present moment awareness, ( b) increased nonreactivity, ( c) increased nonjudgmental acceptance, ( d) decreased physiological arousal and stress reactivity, ( e) increased active coping skills, and ( f) greater relaxation. More participants in the mindfulness intervention groups reported improvement in PTSD symptoms when compared to participants in non-mindfulness groups. Different types of intervention targeted different symptoms and aspects of well-being. Furthermore, type of intervention may have also differentially targeted potential mechanisms of action. This article highlights the importance of employing both quantitative and qualitative research methods when investigating the dynamic process of mindfulness and may inform how practices can be tailored to the needs of the veteran with PTSD.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Helané Wahbeh
- Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA
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50
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Rahimi S, Alaei H, Reisi P, Zolfaghari B, Siahmard Z, Pourshanazari A. The effect of hydro-alcoholic of Phoenix Dactylifera extract on sleep and EEG in rat. AVICENNA JOURNAL OF PHYTOMEDICINE 2017; 7:511-518. [PMID: 29299434 PMCID: PMC5745535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Hard envelope of date palm pollen is used as a sedative and calmative compounds in Iranian traditional medicine. We tried to study the effects of Phoenix dactylifera (Tarooneh) extract on sleep time and Brian waves. MATERIALS AND METHODS Rats were divided into control and test groups in sleep experiment. Control groups included intact group (without any injection), negative control group (saline) and positive control group (midazolam 0.1 mg/kg). Test groups received three doses of Tarooneh extract (62.5, 125 and 250 mg/kg). Rat were placed in sleep physiograph system and recording started 20 min after 2-hr calming down. Four parameters including sleep time, awakening, most activity period and main sleep time interval were measured. In EEG experiment electrodes were placed under the cranium for EEG recording and waves were compared with their baselines. RESULTS All doses of the extract increased sleeping time (p< 0.05) but just the dose of 250 mg/kg (p<0.05) and midazolam (p< 0.001) decreased the awakening time. EEG results showed that the dose of 125 mg/kg increased the low frequency waves (p< 0.05) and the dose of 250 mg/kg decreased high frequency waves of alpha and beta (p< 0.05). CONCLUSION Due to these effect on sleeping time and EEG, Tarooneh extract consumption can be useful as a sedative agent in Iranian traditional medicine. According to this study, the doses of 125 and 250 mg/kg of the extract would be the appropriate doses to be further studied.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sahar Rahimi
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Science, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Hojjatollah Alaei
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Science, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Parham Reisi
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Science, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Behzad Zolfaghari
- Department of Pharmacognosy, School of Pharmacy, Isfahan University of Medical Science, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Zahra Siahmard
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Science, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Aliasghar Pourshanazari
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Science, Isfahan, Iran,Corresponding Author: Tell: 03137929007, Fax: 03136688597,
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