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Arjmand S, Ilaghi M, Sisakht AK, Guldager MB, Wegener G, Landau AM, Gjedde A. Regulation of mitochondrial dysfunction by estrogens and estrogen receptors in Alzheimer's disease: A focused review. Basic Clin Pharmacol Toxicol 2024; 135:115-132. [PMID: 38801027 DOI: 10.1111/bcpt.14035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2024] [Revised: 05/02/2024] [Accepted: 05/07/2024] [Indexed: 05/29/2024]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disorder that primarily manifests itself by progressive memory loss and cognitive decline, thus significantly affecting memory functions and quality of life. In this review, we proceed from the understanding that the canonical amyloid-β hypothesis, while significant, has faced setbacks, highlighting the need to adopt a broader perspective considering the intricate interplay of diverse pathological pathways for effective AD treatments. Sex differences in AD offer valuable insights into a better understanding of its pathophysiology. Fluctuation of the levels of ovarian sex hormones during perimenopause is associated with changes in glucose metabolism, as a possible window of opportunity to further understand the roles of sex steroid hormones and their associated receptors in the pathophysiology of AD. We review these dimensions, emphasizing the potential of estrogen receptors (ERs) to reveal mitochondrial functions in the search for further research and therapeutic strategies for AD pharmacotherapy. Understanding and addressing the intricate interactions of mitochondrial dysfunction and ERs potentially pave the way for more effective approaches to AD therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shokouh Arjmand
- Translational Neuropsychiatry Unit, Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Mehran Ilaghi
- Institute of Neuropharmacology, Kerman Neuroscience Research Center, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Ali Karimi Sisakht
- Faculty of Medicine, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Matti Bock Guldager
- Translational Neuropsychiatry Unit, Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Gregers Wegener
- Translational Neuropsychiatry Unit, Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Anne M Landau
- Translational Neuropsychiatry Unit, Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Albert Gjedde
- Translational Neuropsychiatry Unit, Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
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2
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Marycz K, Wiatrak B, Irwin-Houston JM, Marcinkowska K, Mularczyk M, Bourebaba L. Sex hormone binding globulin (SHBG) modulates mitochondrial dynamics in PPARγ-depleted equine adipose derived stromal cells. J Mol Med (Berl) 2024; 102:1015-1036. [PMID: 38874666 PMCID: PMC11269461 DOI: 10.1007/s00109-024-02459-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2023] [Revised: 03/28/2024] [Accepted: 06/05/2024] [Indexed: 06/15/2024]
Abstract
Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARγ) is a transcription factor that promotes adipogenesis, lipid uptake and storage, insulin sensitivity, and glucose metabolism. Hence, defects in PPARγ have been associated to the development of metabolic disorders. Sex hormone-binding globulin (SHBG) is a glycoprotein primarily produced in the liver that regulates the bioavailability of sex hormones. Alike PPARγ, low SHBG levels have been correlated with insulin resistance and associated endocrine abnormalities. Therefore, this study aimed to verify whether SHBG may restore depleted PPARγ functions and thus serve as a new candidate for the management of metabolic conditions. A model of equine adipose-derived stromal cells (EqASCs) has been used, in which a PPARγ silencing and SHBG treatment have been achieved to determine the changes in cell viability, premature senescence, oxidative stress, and mitochondrial functions. Obtained data demonstrated that loss in PPARγ triggers cell apoptosis which is not reversed by SHBG application. Moreover, PPARγ knockdown cells exhibited premature senescence, which has been substantially alleviated by SHBG concomitantly to increased BAX/BCL2 ratio, suggesting a possible effect on senescence-induced apoptosis resistance. Interestingly, PPARγ silencing induced a significant alteration in mitochondrial membrane potential as well as the expression of dynamics and metabolism-related markers. SHBG treatment enabled to ameliorate the transmembrane potential, to normalize the expression levels of key dynamics and metabolism mediators, and to restore the protein levels of PINK, which is critically involved in mitochondria recycling machinery. Presented data suggest that SHBG may provide new mechanistic insights into the regulation of PPARγ functions, and thus offers a preliminary picture on a possible SHBG-PPARγ metabolic crosstalk. KEY MESSAGES : PPARγ is a transcription factor that tightly regulates cell metabolism. Low SHBG levels correlate with insulin resistance and associated endocrine abnormalities. PPARγ silencing reduces cell viability, triggers premature senescence and profound mitochondrial failure in equine ASCs. SHBG protein reverses senescent phenotype and apoptosis resistance of PPARγ- ASCs. SHBG improves mitochondrial dynamics and metabolism following PPARγ knockdown. SHBG might serve as a PPARγ potential mimicking agent for the modulation of ASCs metabolic processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krzysztof Marycz
- Department of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Biology and Animal Science, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Norwida 27B, 50-375, Wrocław, Poland
- International Institute of Translational Medicine, Jesionowa 11, Malin, 55-114, Wisznia Mała, Poland
- Department of Medicine and Epidemiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, 95516, USA
| | - Benita Wiatrak
- Department of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Biology and Animal Science, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Norwida 27B, 50-375, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Jennifer M Irwin-Houston
- Department of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Biology and Animal Science, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Norwida 27B, 50-375, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Klaudia Marcinkowska
- Department of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Biology and Animal Science, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Norwida 27B, 50-375, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Malwina Mularczyk
- Department of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Biology and Animal Science, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Norwida 27B, 50-375, Wrocław, Poland
- International Institute of Translational Medicine, Jesionowa 11, Malin, 55-114, Wisznia Mała, Poland
| | - Lynda Bourebaba
- Department of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Biology and Animal Science, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Norwida 27B, 50-375, Wrocław, Poland.
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Mineiro R, Cardoso MR, Pinheiro JV, Cipolla-Neto J, do Amaral FG, Quintela T. Overlapping action of melatonin and female reproductive hormones-Understand the impact in pregnancy and menopause. ADVANCES IN PROTEIN CHEMISTRY AND STRUCTURAL BIOLOGY 2024; 142:163-190. [PMID: 39059985 DOI: 10.1016/bs.apcsb.2024.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/28/2024]
Abstract
Melatonin is an indolamine secreted to circulation by the pineal gland according to a circadian rhythm. Melatonin levels are higher during nighttime, and the principal function of this hormone is to organize the temporal night and day distribution of physiological adaptive processes. Besides hormonal pineal production, melatonin is synthesized in various organs and tissues like the ovaries or the placenta for local utilization. In addition to its function as a circadian messenger, melatonin is also associated with many physiological functions. For example, melatonin has antioxidant properties and is involved in the regulation of energy and bone metabolism, and reproduction. Melatonin impacts several stages of reproduction and the action across the hypothalamus-pituitary-gonadal axis is well described. However, it is not well understood how those actions impact the female reproductive hormones secretion nor the consequent physiological outcomes. Thus, the first part of this chapter describes the regulation of female reproductive hormone synthesis by melatonin. Moreover, melatonin and female reproductive hormones have coincident physiological functions. Life stages like pregnancy or menopause are characterized by alterations in the reproductive hormones secretion that may be associated with certain physiological stages. Therefore, the second part discusses whether melatonin fluctuations could have an overlapping role with reproductive hormones in contributing to clinical outcomes associated with pregnancy and menopause.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafael Mineiro
- CICS-UBI-Health Sciences Research Centre, Universidade da Beira Interior, Covilhã, Portugal
| | | | - João Vieira Pinheiro
- CICS-UBI-Health Sciences Research Centre, Universidade da Beira Interior, Covilhã, Portugal
| | - José Cipolla-Neto
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Telma Quintela
- CICS-UBI-Health Sciences Research Centre, Universidade da Beira Interior, Covilhã, Portugal; Instituto Politécnico da Guarda, Guarda, Portugal.
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Kim SO, Albrecht ED, Pepe GJ. Estrogen promotes fetal skeletal muscle mitochondrial distribution and ATP synthase activity important for insulin sensitivity in offspring. Endocrine 2024; 85:417-427. [PMID: 38478198 PMCID: PMC11246263 DOI: 10.1007/s12020-024-03764-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2023] [Accepted: 02/25/2024] [Indexed: 07/14/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE We previously showed that offspring delivered to baboons in which levels of estradiol (E2) were suppressed during the second half of gestation exhibit insulin resistance. Mitochondria are essential for the production of ATP as the main source of energy for intracellular metabolic pathways, and skeletal muscle of type 2 diabetics exhibit mitochondrial abnormalities. Mitochondria express estrogen receptor β and E2 enhances mitochondrial function in adults. Therefore, the current study ascertained whether exposure of the fetus to E2 is essential for mitochondrial development. METHODS Levels of ATP synthase and citrate synthase and the morphology of mitochondria were determined in fetal skeletal muscle obtained near term from baboons untreated or treated daily with the aromatase inhibitor letrozole or letrozole plus E2. RESULTS Specific activity and amount of ATP synthase were 2-fold lower (P < 0.05) in mitochondria from skeletal muscle of E2 suppressed letrozole-treated fetuses and restored to normal by treatment with letrozole plus E2. Immunocytochemistry showed that in contrast to the punctate formation of mitochondria in myocytes of untreated and letrozole plus E2 treated animals, mitochondria appeared to be diffuse in myocytes of estrogen-suppressed fetuses. However, citrate synthase activity and levels of proteins that control mitochondrial fission/fusion were similar in estrogen replete and suppressed animals. CONCLUSION We suggest that estrogen is essential for fetal skeletal muscle mitochondrial development and thus glucose homeostasis in adulthood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soon Ok Kim
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Eastern Virginia Medical School, Norfolk, VA, USA
| | - Eugene D Albrecht
- Departments of Obstetrics/Gynecology/Reproductive Sciences and Physiology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Gerald J Pepe
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Eastern Virginia Medical School, Norfolk, VA, USA.
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Huang SY, Chung MT, Kung CW, Chen SY, Chen YW, Pan T, Cheng PY, Shen HH, Lee YM. Alpha-Lipoic Acid Induces Adipose Tissue Browning through AMP-Activated Protein Kinase Signaling in Vivo and in Vitro. J Obes Metab Syndr 2024; 33:177-188. [PMID: 38699871 PMCID: PMC11224925 DOI: 10.7570/jomes23048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2023] [Revised: 10/03/2023] [Accepted: 12/19/2023] [Indexed: 05/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Background AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) is a key enzyme for cellular energy homeostasis and improves metabolic disorders. Brown and beige adipose tissues exert thermogenesis capacities to dissipate energy in the form of heat. Here, we investigated the beneficial effects of the antioxidant alpha-lipoic acid (ALA) in menopausal obesity and the underlying mechanisms. Methods Female Wistar rats (8 weeks old) were subjected to bilateral ovariectomy (Ovx) and divided into four groups: Sham (n=8), Ovx (n=11), Ovx+ALA2 (n=10), and Ovx+ALA3 (n=6) (ALA 200 and 300 mg/kg/day, respectively; gavage) for 8 weeks. 3T3-L1 cells were used for in vitro study. Results Rats receiving ALA2 and ALA3 treatment showed significantly lower levels of body weight and white adipose tissue (WAT) mass than those of the Ovx group. ALA improved plasma lipid profiles including triglycerides, total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol. Hematoxylin & eosin staining of inguinal WAT showed that ALA treatment reduced Ovx-induced adipocyte size and enhanced uncoupling protein 1 (UCP1) expression. Moreover, plasma levels of irisin were markedly increased in ALA-treated Ovx rats. Protein expression of brown fat-specific markers including UCP1, PRDM16, and CIDEA was downregulated by Ovx but markedly increased by ALA. Phosphorylation of AMPK, its downstream acetyl-CoA carboxylase, and its upstream LKB1 were all significantly increased by ALA treatment. In 3T3-L1 cells, administration of ALA (100 and 250 μM) reduced lipid accumulation and enhanced oxygen consumption and UCP1 protein expression, while inhibition of AMPK by dorsomorphin (5 μM) significantly reversed these effects. Conclusion ALA improves estrogen deficiency-induced obesity via browning of WAT through AMPK signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shieh-Yang Huang
- Department of Pharmacy, Kaohsiung Armed Forces General Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Ting Chung
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Chi-Mei Medical Center, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Ching-Wen Kung
- Department of Nursing, Tzu Chi University of Science and Technology, Hualien, Taiwan
| | - Shu-Ying Chen
- Department of Nursing, Hung Kuang University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Wen Chen
- Department of Pharmacology and Graduate Institute of Pharmacology, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Tong Pan
- Department of Pharmacology and Graduate Institute of Pharmacology, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Pao-Yun Cheng
- Department of Physiology & Biophysics, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Hsin-Hsueh Shen
- Department of Pharmacology and Graduate Institute of Pharmacology, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yen-Mei Lee
- Department of Pharmacology and Graduate Institute of Pharmacology, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
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Mathyk BA, Tabetah M, Karim R, Zaksas V, Kim J, Anu RI, Muratani M, Tasoula A, Singh RS, Chen YK, Overbey E, Park J, Cope H, Fazelinia H, Povero D, Borg J, Klotz RV, Yu M, Young SL, Mason CE, Szewczyk N, St Clair RM, Karouia F, Beheshti A. Spaceflight induces changes in gene expression profiles linked to insulin and estrogen. Commun Biol 2024; 7:692. [PMID: 38862620 PMCID: PMC11166981 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-023-05213-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2023] [Accepted: 08/03/2023] [Indexed: 06/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Organismal adaptations to spaceflight have been characterized at the molecular level in model organisms, including Drosophila and C. elegans. Here, we extend molecular work to energy metabolism and sex hormone signaling in mice and humans. We found spaceflight induced changes in insulin and estrogen signaling in rodents and humans. Murine changes were most prominent in the liver, where we observed inhibition of insulin and estrogen receptor signaling with concomitant hepatic insulin resistance and steatosis. Based on the metabolic demand, metabolic pathways mediated by insulin and estrogen vary among muscles, specifically between the soleus and extensor digitorum longus. In humans, spaceflight induced changes in insulin and estrogen related genes and pathways. Pathway analysis demonstrated spaceflight induced changes in insulin resistance, estrogen signaling, stress response, and viral infection. These data strongly suggest the need for further research on the metabolic and reproductive endocrinologic effects of space travel, if we are to become a successful interplanetary species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Begum Aydogan Mathyk
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of South Florida Morsani College of Medicine, Tampa, FL, USA.
| | - Marshall Tabetah
- Department of Agricultural and Biological Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA
| | - Rashid Karim
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, 45220, USA
- Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, 181 Massachusetts Ave, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Victoria Zaksas
- Center for Translational Data Science, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60637, USA
- Clever Research Lab, Springfield, IL, 62704, USA
| | - JangKeun Kim
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics and World Quant Initiative for Quantitative Prediction, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, 10021, USA
| | - R I Anu
- Department of Cancer Biology & Therapeutics, Precision Oncology and Multi-omics clinic, Genetic counseling clinic. Department of Clinical Biochemistry, MVR Cancer Centre and Research Institute, Calicut, India
| | - Masafumi Muratani
- Transborder Medical Research Center, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8575, Japan
- Department of Genome Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8575, Japan
| | - Alexia Tasoula
- Department of Life Science Engineering, FH Technikum, Vienna, Austria
| | | | - Yen-Kai Chen
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Eliah Overbey
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics and World Quant Initiative for Quantitative Prediction, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, 10021, USA
| | - Jiwoon Park
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics and World Quant Initiative for Quantitative Prediction, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, 10021, USA
| | - Henry Cope
- School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Derby, DE22 3DT, UK
| | - Hossein Fazelinia
- Department of Biomedical and Health Informatics and Proteomics Core Facility, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, 3401 Civic Center Blvd, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Davide Povero
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA
| | - Joseph Borg
- Department of Applied Biomedical Science, Faculty of Health Sciences, Msida, MSD2090, Malta
| | - Remi V Klotz
- Department of Stem Cell Biology & Regenerative Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Min Yu
- Department of Stem Cell Biology & Regenerative Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Steven L Young
- Division of Reproductive Endocrinology and Infertility, Duke School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Christopher E Mason
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics and World Quant Initiative for Quantitative Prediction, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, 10021, USA
| | - Nathaniel Szewczyk
- School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Derby, DE22 3DT, UK
- Ohio Musculoskeletal and Neurological Institute, Heritage College of Osteopathic Medicine, Ohio University, Athens, OH, 45701, USA
| | - Riley M St Clair
- Department of Life Sciences, Quest University, Squamish, BC, Canada
| | - Fathi Karouia
- Blue Marble Space Institute of Science, Exobiology Branch, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA, USA
- Space Research Within Reach, San Francisco, CA, USA; Center for Space Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Afshin Beheshti
- Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA.
- Blue Marble Space Institute of Science, Space Biosciences Division, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA, USA.
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Xiang G, Guo S, Xing N, Du Q, Qin J, Gao H, Zhang Y, Wang S. Mangiferin, a Potential Supplement to Improve Metabolic Syndrome: Current Status and Future Opportunities. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CHINESE MEDICINE 2024; 52:355-386. [PMID: 38533569 DOI: 10.1142/s0192415x24500150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/28/2024]
Abstract
Metabolic syndrome (MetS) represents a considerable clinical and public health burden worldwide. Mangiferin (MF), a flavonoid compound present in diverse species such as mango (Mangifera indica L.), papaya (Pseudocydonia sinensis (Thouin) C. K. Schneid.), zhimu (Anemarrhena asphodeloides Bunge), and honeybush tea (Cyclopia genistoides), boasts a broad array of pharmacological effects. It holds promising uses in nutritionally and functionally targeted foods, particularly concerning MetS treatment. It is therefore pivotal to systematically investigate MF's therapeutic mechanism for MetS and its applications in food and pharmaceutical sectors. This review, with the aid of a network pharmacology approach complemented by this experimental studies, unravels possible mechanisms underlying MF's MetS treatment. Network pharmacology results suggest that MF treats MetS effectively through promoting insulin secretion, targeting obesity and inflammation, alleviating insulin resistance (IR), and mainly operating via the phosphatidylinositol 3 kinase (PI3K)/Akt, nuclear factor kappa-B (NF-[Formula: see text]B), microtubule-associated protein kinase (MAPK), and oxidative stress signaling pathways while repairing damaged insulin signaling. These insights provide a comprehensive framework to understand MF's potential mechanisms in treating MetS. These, however, warrant further experimental validation. Moreover, molecular docking techniques confirmed the plausibility of the predicted outcomes. Hereafter, these findings might form the theoretical bedrock for prospective research into MF's therapeutic potential in MetS therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gelin Xiang
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern, Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Ethnic Medicine, Chengdu, P. R. China
| | - Sa Guo
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, P. R. China
| | - Nan Xing
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, P. R. China
| | - Qinyun Du
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, P. R. China
| | - Jing Qin
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern, Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Ethnic Medicine, Chengdu, P. R. China
| | - Huimin Gao
- Meishan Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Meishan 620010, P. R. China
| | - Yi Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern, Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Ethnic Medicine, Chengdu, P. R. China
| | - Shaohui Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern, Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Ethnic Medicine, Chengdu, P. R. China
- Meishan Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Meishan 620010, P. R. China
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Xiu M, Hao M, Liu C, Sun M, Lang X. Glucose Metabolism and Sex Hormones in Male Patients with Medication-naïve First-episode Schizophrenia: A Large-scale Cross-sectional Study. Curr Neuropharmacol 2024; 22:CN-EPUB-138438. [PMID: 38549523 DOI: 10.2174/1570159x22666240212141602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2023] [Revised: 11/23/2023] [Accepted: 12/17/2023] [Indexed: 08/23/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Schizophrenia (SCZ) usually begins in early adult life. The underlying molecular mechanisms of SCZ remain unclear. There is evidence for the involvement of abnormalities in metabolic and endocrine systems in SCZ, even in drug-naïve first-episode schizophrenia patients (DNFES). However, the association between impaired regulation of glucose metabolism and sex hormones was not studied in SCZ. This study aimed to evaluate the interrelationship between sex hormones and high fasting glucose levels in male DNFES patients. METHODS A total of 99 patients with SCZ were recruited, and fasting glucose, fasting insulin, the insulin resistance index (HOMA-IR), and sex hormones were measured. RESULTS We found that some male patients with SCZ had abnormal levels in glucose metabolism parameters and gonadal hormones that were not within the normal range. Linear regression analysis adjusted for age, waist circumference, and body mass index showed that testosterone levels were negatively associated with fasting insulin in male patients (β = -0.21, t = -2.2, p = 0.03). CONCLUSION Our findings confirm the abnormalities in glucose metabolism parameters and gonadal hormones at the onset of the illness in male DNFES patients with SCZ. In addition, there was an interaction effect between abnormal glucose metabolism and sex hormones in male patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meihong Xiu
- Peking University HuiLongGuan Clinical Medical School, Beijing Huilongguan Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Meng Hao
- Peking University HuiLongGuan Clinical Medical School, Beijing Huilongguan Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Cai Liu
- Peking University HuiLongGuan Clinical Medical School, Beijing Huilongguan Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Maodi Sun
- North University of China, Taiyuan, China
| | - Xiaoe Lang
- Department of Psychiatry, First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
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De Paoli M, Shah D, Zakharia A, Patel Z, Patel Z, Pakhi P, Werstuck GH. Investigating the Role of 17-Beta Estradiol in the Regulation of the Unfolded Protein Response (UPR) in Pancreatic Beta Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:1816. [PMID: 38339098 PMCID: PMC10855194 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25031816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2023] [Revised: 01/18/2024] [Accepted: 01/31/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus is clinically defined by chronic hyperglycemia. Sex differences in the presentation and outcome of diabetes exist with premenopausal women having a reduced risk of developing diabetes, relative to men, or women after menopause. Accumulating evidence shows a protective role of estrogens, specifically 17-beta estradiol, in the maintenance of pancreatic beta cell health; however, the mechanisms underlying this protection are still unknown. To elucidate these potential mechanisms, we used a pancreatic beta cell line (BTC6) and a mouse model of hyperglycemia-induced atherosclerosis, the ApoE-/-:Ins2+/Akita mouse, exhibiting sexual dimorphism in glucose regulation. In this study we hypothesize that 17-beta estradiol protects pancreatic beta cells by modulating the unfolded protein response (UPR) in response to endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress. We observed that ovariectomized female and male ApoE-/-:Ins2+/Akita mice show significantly increased expression of apoptotic UPR markers. Sham operated female and ovariectomized female ApoE-/-:Ins2+/Akita mice supplemented with exogenous 17-beta estradiol increased the expression of adaptive UPR markers compared to non-supplemented ovariectomized female ApoE-/-:Ins2+/Akita mice. These findings were consistent to what was observed in cultured BTC6 cells, suggesting that 17-beta estradiol may protect pancreatic beta cells by repressing the apoptotic UPR and enhancing the adaptive UPR activation in response to pancreatic ER stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monica De Paoli
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street W, Hamilton, ON L8S 4L8, Canada; (M.D.P.); (Z.P.); (Z.P.)
| | - Deep Shah
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street W, Hamilton, ON L8S 4L8, Canada; (M.D.P.); (Z.P.); (Z.P.)
| | - Alexander Zakharia
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street W, Hamilton, ON L8S 4L8, Canada; (M.D.P.); (Z.P.); (Z.P.)
| | - Zil Patel
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street W, Hamilton, ON L8S 4L8, Canada; (M.D.P.); (Z.P.); (Z.P.)
| | - Zinal Patel
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street W, Hamilton, ON L8S 4L8, Canada; (M.D.P.); (Z.P.); (Z.P.)
- Thrombosis and Atherosclerosis Research Institute, 237 Barton Street E, Hamilton, ON L8L 2X2, Canada
| | - Pakhi Pakhi
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street W, Hamilton, ON L8S 4L8, Canada; (M.D.P.); (Z.P.); (Z.P.)
| | - Geoff H. Werstuck
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street W, Hamilton, ON L8S 4L8, Canada; (M.D.P.); (Z.P.); (Z.P.)
- Thrombosis and Atherosclerosis Research Institute, 237 Barton Street E, Hamilton, ON L8L 2X2, Canada
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10
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Wu D, Bi X, Chow KHM. Identification of female-enriched and disease-associated microglia (FDAMic) contributes to sexual dimorphism in late-onset Alzheimer's disease. J Neuroinflammation 2024; 21:1. [PMID: 38178204 PMCID: PMC10765928 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-023-02987-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2023] [Accepted: 12/06/2023] [Indexed: 01/06/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Late-onset Alzheimer's disease (LOAD) is the most common form of dementia; it disproportionally affects women in terms of both incidence rates and severity of progression. The cellular and molecular mechanisms underlying this clinical phenomenon remain elusive and ill-defined. METHODS In-depth analyses were performed with multiple human LOAD single-nucleus transcriptome datasets to thoroughly characterize cell populations in the cerebral cortex. ROSMAP bulk human brain tissue transcriptome and DNA methylome datasets were also included for validation. Detailed assessments of microglial cell subpopulations and their relevance to sex-biased changes at the tissue level were performed. Clinical trait associations, cell evolutionary trajectories, and transcription regulon analyses were conducted. RESULTS The relative numbers of functionally defective microglia were aberrantly increased uniquely among affected females. Substratification of the microglia into different subtypes according to their transcriptomic signatures identified a group of female-enriched and disease-associated microglia (FDAMic), the numbers of which were positively associated with disease severity. Phenotypically, these cells exhibit transcriptomic signatures that support active proliferation, MHC class II autoantigen presentation and amyloid-β binding, but they are also likely defective in phagocytosis. FDAMic are likely evolved from female activated response microglia (ARMic) with an APOE4 background and compromised estrogen receptor (ER) signaling that is deemed to be active among most subtypes of microglia. CONCLUSION This study offered important insights at both the cellular and molecular levels into how ER signaling affects microglial heterogeneity and function. FDAMic are associated with more advanced pathologies and severe trends of cognitive decline. Their emergence could, at least in part, explain the phenomenon of greater penetrance of the APOE4 genotype found in females. The biases of FDAMic emergence toward female sex and APOE4 status may also explain why hormone replacement therapy is more effective in APOE4 carriers. The pathologic nature of FDAMic suggests that selective modulations of these cells may help to regain brain neuroimmune homeostasis, serving as a new target for future drug development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deng Wu
- School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Science, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, 999077, China
| | - Xiaoman Bi
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Translational Medicine of Ministry of Education, College of Biomedical Information and Engineering, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, 571199, China
| | - Kim Hei-Man Chow
- School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Science, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, 999077, China.
- Gerald Choa Neuroscience Institute, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, 999077, China.
- Nexus of Rare Neurodegenerative Diseases, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, 999077, China.
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11
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Saadedine M, Faubion SS, Kling JM, Kapoor E. Cognitive Health Update in Midlife Women. J Womens Health (Larchmt) 2024; 33:5-9. [PMID: 37944105 DOI: 10.1089/jwh.2023.0642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Mariam Saadedine
- Division of General Internal Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, Florida, USA
- Center for Women's Health, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Stephanie S Faubion
- Division of General Internal Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, Florida, USA
- Center for Women's Health, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Juliana M Kling
- Center for Women's Health, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
- Division of Women's Health Internal Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Scottsdale, Arizona, USA
| | - Ekta Kapoor
- Center for Women's Health, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
- Menopause and Women's Sexual Health Clinic, Division of General Internal Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, Metabolism and Nutrition, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
- Women's Health Research Center, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
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12
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Ramírez-Hernández D, López-Sánchez P, Lezama-Martínez D, Kuyoc-Arroyo NM, Rodríguez-Rodríguez JE, Fonseca-Coronado S, Valencia-Hernández I, Flores-Monroy J. Timing Matters: Effects of Early and Late Estrogen Replacement Therapy on Glucose Metabolism and Vascular Reactivity in Ovariectomized Aged Wistar Rats. J Renin Angiotensin Aldosterone Syst 2023; 2023:6683989. [PMID: 38025203 PMCID: PMC10665112 DOI: 10.1155/2023/6683989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2023] [Revised: 10/16/2023] [Accepted: 11/06/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease incidence increases after menopause due to the loss of estrogen cardioprotective effects. However, there are conflicting data regarding the timing of estrogen therapy (ERT) and its effect on vascular dysfunction associated with impaired glucose metabolism. The aim of this work was to evaluate the effect of early and late ERT on blood glucose/insulin balance and vascular reactivity in aged ovariectomized Wistar rats. Eighteen-month-old female Wistar rats were randomized as follows: (1) sham, (2) 10-week postovariectomy (10 w), (3) 10 w postovariectomy+early estradiol therapy (10 w-early E2), (4) 20-week postovariectomy (20 w), and (5) 20-week postovariectomy+late estradiol therapy (20 w-late E2). Early E2 was administered 3 days after ovariectomy and late therapy after 10 weeks, in both groups. 17β-Estradiol (E2) was administered daily for 10 weeks (5 μg/kg/day). Concentration-response curves to angiotensin II, KCl, and acetylcholine (ACh) were performed. Heart rate (HR), diastolic and systolic blood pressure (DBP and SBP), glucose, insulin, HOMA-IR, and nitric oxide (NO) levels were determined. Higher glucose levels were found in all groups compared to the sham group, except the 20 w-late E2 group. Insulin was increased in all ovariectomized groups compared to sham. The HOMA-IR index showed insulin resistance in all ovariectomized groups, except for the 10 w-early E2 group. The 10 w-early E2 group increased NO levels vs. the 10 w group. After 10 w postovariectomy, the vascular response to KCl and Ach increases, despite early E2 administration. Early and late E2 treatment decreased vascular reactivity to Ang II. At 20-week postovariectomy, DBP increased, even with E2 administration, while SBP and HR remained unchanged. The effects of E2 therapy on blood glucose/insulin balance and vascular reactivity depend on the timing of therapy. Early ERT may provide some protective effects on insulin resistance and vascular function, whereas late ERT may not have the same benefits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana Ramírez-Hernández
- Myocardial Pharmacology Laboratory, Faculty of Higher Studies Cuautitlan, National Autonomous University of Mexico, 54740 State of Mexico, Mexico
| | - Pedro López-Sánchez
- Laboratorio de Farmacología Molecular, Escuela Superior de Medicina, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, 11340 Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Diego Lezama-Martínez
- Myocardial Pharmacology Laboratory, Faculty of Higher Studies Cuautitlan, National Autonomous University of Mexico, 54740 State of Mexico, Mexico
| | - Neidy M. Kuyoc-Arroyo
- Myocardial Pharmacology Laboratory, Faculty of Higher Studies Cuautitlan, National Autonomous University of Mexico, 54740 State of Mexico, Mexico
| | - Jessica E. Rodríguez-Rodríguez
- Biological Pharmaceutical Chemist Career, Faculty of Higher Education Zaragoza, National Autonomous University of Mexico, Batalla 5 de Mayo S/N, Ejército de Oriente, Iztapalapa, 09230 Mexico City, Mexico
- Laboratory 7, Biomedicine Unit, Faculty of Higher Education Iztacala, National Autonomous University of Mexico, Avenida de los Barrios 1, Los Reyes Ixtacala, 54090 Tlalnepantla de Baz, Mexico
| | - Salvador Fonseca-Coronado
- Immunology Laboratory, Faculty of Higher Studies Cuautitlan, National Autonomous University of Mexico, 54740 State of Mexico, Mexico
| | - Ignacio Valencia-Hernández
- Laboratorio de Farmacología Cardiovascular, Escuela Superior de Medicina, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, 11340 Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Jazmin Flores-Monroy
- Myocardial Pharmacology Laboratory, Faculty of Higher Studies Cuautitlan, National Autonomous University of Mexico, 54740 State of Mexico, Mexico
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Alex NS, Khan HR, Ramachandra SG, Medhamurthy R. Pregnancy-associated Steroid Effects on Insulin Sensitivity, Adipogenesis, and Lipogenesis: Role of Wnt/β-Catenin Pathway. J Endocr Soc 2023; 7:bvad076. [PMID: 37440965 PMCID: PMC10334487 DOI: 10.1210/jendso/bvad076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2022] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Context The shift in maternal energy metabolism characteristic of pregnancy is thought to be driven by various hormonal changes, especially of ovarian and placental steroids. Imbalances in circulating estradiol (E2) and progesterone (P4) levels during this period are often associated with metabolic disturbances leading to the development of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM). Since abnormalities in the Wnt pathway effector transcription factor 7-like 2 (TCF7L2) are commonly associated with the occurrence of GDM, we hypothesized that the canonical or β-catenin-dependent Wnt signaling pathway mediates the metabolic actions of E2 and P4. Objective Our study was aimed at elucidating the metabolic function of the steroids E2 and P4, and examining the role of the canonical Wnt signaling pathway in mediating the actions of these steroids. Methods The ovariectomized (OVX) rat was used as a model system to study the effect of known concentrations of exogenously administered E2 and P4. Niclosamide (Nic) was administered to block Wnt signaling. 3T3-L1 cells were used to analyze changes in differentiation in the presence of the steroids or niclosamide. Results In the present study, we observed that E2 enhanced insulin sensitivity and inhibited lipogenesis while P4 increased lipogenic gene expression-in 3T3-L1 adipocytes, and in adipose tissue and skeletal muscle of OVX rats when the dosage of E2 and P4 mimicked that of pregnancy. Both E2 and P4 were also found to upregulate Wnt signaling. Nic nhibited the steroid-mediated increase in Wnt signaling in adipocytes and OVX rats. The insulin-sensitizing and antilipogenic actions of E2 were found to be mediated by the canonical Wnt pathway, but the effects of P4 on lipogenesis appeared to be independent of it. Additionally, it was observed that inhibition of Wnt signaling by Nic hastened adipogenic differentiation, and the inhibitory effect of E2 on differentiation was prevented by Nic. Conclusion The findings presented in this study highlight the role of steroids and Wnt pathway in glucose and lipid metabolism and are relevant to understanding the pathophysiology of metabolic disorders arising from hormonal disturbances.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neethu Sara Alex
- Department of Molecular Reproduction, Development and Genetics, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, India
| | - Habibur Rahaman Khan
- Department of Molecular Reproduction, Development and Genetics, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, India
| | - Subbaraya Gudde Ramachandra
- Department of Molecular Reproduction, Development and Genetics, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, India
| | - Rudraiah Medhamurthy
- Department of Molecular Reproduction, Development and Genetics, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, India
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Gaur A, Nayak P, Ghosh S, Sengupta T, Sakthivadivel V. Aluminum as a Possible Cause Toward Dyslipidemia. Indian J Occup Environ Med 2023; 27:112-119. [PMID: 37600652 PMCID: PMC10434801 DOI: 10.4103/ijoem.ijoem_349_21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2021] [Accepted: 03/24/2022] [Indexed: 08/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Aluminum, the third most abundant metal present in the earth's crust, is present almost in all daily commodities we use, and exposure to it is unavoidable. The interference of aluminum with various biochemical reactions in the body leads to detrimental health effects, out of which aluminum-induced neurodegeneration is widely studied. However, the effect of aluminum in causing dyslipidemia cannot be neglected. Dyslipidemia is a global health problem, which commences to the cosmic of non-communicable diseases. The interference of aluminum with various iron-dependent enzymatic activities in the tri-carboxylic acid cycle and electron transport chain results in decreased production of mitochondrial adenosine tri-phosphate. This ultimately contributes to oxidative stress and iron-mediated lipid peroxidation. This mitochondrial dysfunction along with modulation of α-ketoglutarate and L-carnitine perturbs lipid metabolism, leading to the atypical accumulation of lipids and dyslipidemia. Respiratory chain disruption because of the accumulation of reduced nicotinamide adenine di-nucleotide as a consequence of oxidative stress and the stimulatory effect of aluminum exposure on glycolysis causes many health issues including fat accumulation, obesity, and other hepatic disorders. One major factor contributing to dyslipidemia and enhanced pro-inflammatory responses is estrogen. Aluminum, being a metalloestrogen, modulates estrogen receptors, and in this world of industrialization and urbanization, we could corner down to metals, particularly aluminum, in the development of dyslipidemia. As per PRISMA guidelines, we did a literature search in four medical databases to give a holistic view of the possible link between aluminum exposure and various biochemical events leading to dyslipidemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Archana Gaur
- Department of Physiology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Bibinagar, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
| | - Prasunpriya Nayak
- Department of Physiology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Jodhpur, Rajasthan, India
| | - Sutirtha Ghosh
- Department of Physiology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Jodhpur, Rajasthan, India
| | - Trina Sengupta
- Department of Physiology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Jodhpur, Rajasthan, India
| | - Varatharajan Sakthivadivel
- Department of General Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Bibinagar, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
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15
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Hoshino R, Sano H, Yoshinari Y, Nishimura T, Niwa R. Circulating fructose regulates a germline stem cell increase via gustatory receptor-mediated gut hormone secretion in mated Drosophila. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2023; 9:eadd5551. [PMID: 36827377 PMCID: PMC9956130 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.add5551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2022] [Accepted: 01/20/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Oogenesis is influenced by multiple environmental factors. In the fruit fly, Drosophila melanogaster, nutrition and mating have large impacts on an increase in female germline stem cells (GSCs). However, it is unclear whether these two factors affect this GSC increase interdependently. Here, we report that dietary sugars are crucial for the GSC increase after mating. Dietary glucose is required for mating-induced release of neuropeptide F (NPF) from enteroendocrine cells (EECs), followed by NPF-mediated enhancement of GSC niche signaling. Unexpectedly, dietary glucose does not directly act on NPF-positive EECs. Rather, it contributes to elevation of hemolymph fructose generated through the polyol pathway. Elevated fructose stimulates the fructose-specific gustatory receptor, Gr43a, in NPF-positive EECs, leading to NPF secretion. This study demonstrates that circulating fructose, derived from dietary sugars, is a prerequisite for the GSC increase that leads to enhancement of egg production after mating.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryo Hoshino
- Degree Programs in Life and Earth Sciences, Graduate School of Science and Technology, University of Tsukuba, Tennodai 1-1-1, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8572, Japan
| | - Hiroko Sano
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Institute of Life Science, Kurume University, Kurume, Fukuoka 830-0011, Japan
| | - Yuto Yoshinari
- Institute for Molecular and Cellular Regulation, Gunma University, 3-39-15 Showa-machi, Maebashi 371-8512, Japan
- Life Science Center for Survival Dynamics, Tsukuba Advanced Research Alliance (TARA), University of Tsukuba, Tennodai 1-1-1, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8577, Japan
| | - Takashi Nishimura
- Institute for Molecular and Cellular Regulation, Gunma University, 3-39-15 Showa-machi, Maebashi 371-8512, Japan
| | - Ryusuke Niwa
- Life Science Center for Survival Dynamics, Tsukuba Advanced Research Alliance (TARA), University of Tsukuba, Tennodai 1-1-1, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8577, Japan
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16
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Obesity indicators as mediators of the association between age at menopause and blood pressure values. Hypertens Res 2023; 46:1100-1109. [PMID: 36702925 DOI: 10.1038/s41440-023-01184-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2022] [Revised: 12/23/2022] [Accepted: 12/26/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Having a later age at menopause is associated with having a higher blood pressure (BP) value, but the mediation pathways remain unclear. We quantitatively examined the mediation effects of various obesity indicators using baseline data from phase 4 of the Guangzhou Biobank Cohort Study. The product of coefficients approach and bootstrapping procedures were used to assess the mediation effects of body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC), waist-to-hip ratio (WHR) and waist-to-height ratio (WHtR) on the association between age at menopause and BP values. Age, education, occupation, family income, smoking, drinking, diet, physical activity, age at menarche, number of births, fasting glucose, triglycerides, and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol were adjusted as covariates. Of 5429 women with natural menopause, the mean age and menopausal age were 60.0 (standard deviation = 5.8) and 50.3 (3.1) years, respectively. The prevalence of hypertension was 29.6%. In women with a menopausal age of ≥50 years, BMI, WC, WHR and WHtR showed significant mediation effects on the positive association between menopausal age and BP. The adjusted proportion (95% confidence interval) of the mediation effects for those variables were 26.04% (10.40-116.82%), 25.92% (10.19-108.57%), 14.11% (3.59-62.78%), and 23.17% (8.70-95.81%), respectively, for systolic BP values and 22.59% (10.72-53.60%), 20.67% (9.83-49.31%), 9.21% (2.73-23.92%), and 17.19% (7.56-41.31%) for diastolic BP values. In women with a menopausal age of <50 years, no significant association between age at menopause and systolic/diastolic BP values was found. In conclusion, obesity indicators showed significant mediating effects on the association between having a later age at menopause and having a higher BP value. Further longitudinal studies with detailed and accurate measurements of metabolic changes after menopause and sufficient follow-up are warranted to confirm these results. We demonstrated obesity indicators showed significant mediating effects on the association between later age at menopause (≥50 years) and higher BP.
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Marsh ML, Oliveira MN, Vieira-Potter VJ. Adipocyte Metabolism and Health after the Menopause: The Role of Exercise. Nutrients 2023; 15:444. [PMID: 36678314 PMCID: PMC9862030 DOI: 10.3390/nu15020444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2022] [Revised: 01/09/2023] [Accepted: 01/10/2023] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Postmenopausal women represent an important target population in need of preventative cardiometabolic approaches. The loss of estrogen following the menopause eliminates protections against metabolic dysfunction, largely due to its role in the health and function of adipose tissue. In addition, some studies associate the menopause with reduced physical activity, which could potentially exacerbate the deleterious cardiometabolic risk profile accompanying the menopause. Meanwhile, exercise has adipocyte-specific effects that may alleviate the adverse impact of estrogen loss through the menopausal transition period and beyond. Exercise thus remains the best therapeutic agent available to mitigate menopause-associated metabolic dysfunction and represents a vital behavioral strategy to prevent and alleviate health decline in this population.
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18
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Turek J, Gąsior Ł. Estrogen fluctuations during the menopausal transition are a risk factor for depressive disorders. Pharmacol Rep 2023; 75:32-43. [PMID: 36639604 PMCID: PMC9889489 DOI: 10.1007/s43440-022-00444-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2022] [Revised: 12/20/2022] [Accepted: 12/22/2022] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Women are significantly more likely to develop depression than men. Fluctuations in the ovarian estrogen hormone levels are closely linked with women's well-being. This narrative review discusses the available knowledge on the role of estrogen in modulating brain function and the correlation between changes in estrogen levels and the development of depression. Equally discussed are the possible mechanisms underlying these effects, including the role of estrogen in modulating brain-derived neurotrophic factor activity, serotonin neurotransmission, as well as the induction of inflammatory response and changes in metabolic activity, are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justyna Turek
- Department of Neurobiology, Maj Institute of Pharmacology Polish Academy of Sciences, Smetna 12 Street, 31-343 Krakow, Poland
| | - Łukasz Gąsior
- Department of Neurobiology, Maj Institute of Pharmacology Polish Academy of Sciences, Smetna 12 Street, 31-343 Krakow, Poland
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Brener A, Hamama S, Interator H, Ben Simon A, Laurian I, Dorfman A, Chorna E, Yackobovitch-Gavan M, Oren A, Eyal O, Lebenthal Y. Sex differences in body composition in youth with type 1 diabetes and its predictive value in cardiovascular disease risk assessment. Diabetes Metab Res Rev 2023; 39:e3584. [PMID: 36269559 PMCID: PMC10078230 DOI: 10.1002/dmrr.3584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2022] [Revised: 09/06/2022] [Accepted: 10/10/2022] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Women with type 1 diabetes (T1D) are more susceptible than men to cardiovascular disease (CVD). Signs of increased risk may already appear among adolescent girls. OBJECTIVES We explored the contribution of body composition to the development of CVD risk factors among youth with T1D. METHODS One hundred and eighty nine subjects with T1D (mean age 15.3 ± 5.1 years, 55% boys) followed between January 2018-January 2022 were included in this observational study. Sociodemographic and clinical data were extracted from medical files. Body composition was measured by bioelectrical impedance analysis, and muscle-to-fat ratio (MFR) z-scores were calculated. Logistic regression model assessed the association between body composition (MFR z-scores) and evidence of CVD risk factors. RESULTS Females were characterised by higher median BMI z-scores (0.47 vs. 0.04, p = 0.012), higher fat and truncal fat percentage levels (p ≤ 0.001) and lower median MFR z-scores (-0.64 vs. -0.25, p ≤ 0.001), higher median triglyceride (TG) levels (71 vs. 61 mg/dl, p = 0.05), longer disease duration to initiation of insulin pump therapy (p = 0.041), and more time spent in marked hypoglycemia (1 vs. 0.2%, p = 0.007) than males. Males' MFR z-scores were associated with several diabetes-related parameters (age at diagnosis, CGM metrics, HbA1c and insulin dose), while the females'' MFR z-scores were linked to the atherogenic dyslipidemia index (TG:HDL ratio). The odds for CVD risk factors were doubled for every 1 SD decrease in MFR z-score (OR = 0.50, CI [0.30-0.84], p = 0.009) and also increased with age (OR = 1.07, CI [1.004-1.148], p = 0.038). CONCLUSIONS Body composition measurement has a predictive value in CVD risk assessment in youth with T1D, with unique characteristics and influences in each sex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Avivit Brener
- Pediatric Endocrinology and Diabetes Unit, "Dana-Dwek" Children's Hospital, Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, Tel Aviv, Israel
- Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Sandy Hamama
- Pediatric Endocrinology and Diabetes Unit, "Dana-Dwek" Children's Hospital, Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, Tel Aviv, Israel
- Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Hagar Interator
- Pediatric Endocrinology and Diabetes Unit, "Dana-Dwek" Children's Hospital, Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, Tel Aviv, Israel
- The Nutrition & Dietetics Unit, Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Asaf Ben Simon
- Pediatric Endocrinology and Diabetes Unit, "Dana-Dwek" Children's Hospital, Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, Tel Aviv, Israel
- Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Irina Laurian
- Pediatric Endocrinology and Diabetes Unit, "Dana-Dwek" Children's Hospital, Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, Tel Aviv, Israel
- Nursing Services, "Dana-Dwek" Children's Hospital, Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Anna Dorfman
- Pediatric Endocrinology and Diabetes Unit, "Dana-Dwek" Children's Hospital, Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, Tel Aviv, Israel
- Nursing Services, "Dana-Dwek" Children's Hospital, Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Efrat Chorna
- Pediatric Endocrinology and Diabetes Unit, "Dana-Dwek" Children's Hospital, Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, Tel Aviv, Israel
- Social Services, Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Michal Yackobovitch-Gavan
- Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Asaf Oren
- Pediatric Endocrinology and Diabetes Unit, "Dana-Dwek" Children's Hospital, Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, Tel Aviv, Israel
- Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Ori Eyal
- Pediatric Endocrinology and Diabetes Unit, "Dana-Dwek" Children's Hospital, Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, Tel Aviv, Israel
- Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Yael Lebenthal
- Pediatric Endocrinology and Diabetes Unit, "Dana-Dwek" Children's Hospital, Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, Tel Aviv, Israel
- Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
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Azizian H, Farhadi Z, Khaksari M. Selective estrogen receptor α and β antagonist aggravate cardiovascular dysfunction in type 2 diabetic ovariectomized female rats. Horm Mol Biol Clin Investig 2022; 43:427-436. [PMID: 35512107 DOI: 10.1515/hmbci-2021-0073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2021] [Accepted: 03/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Type 2 diabetes (T2D) is a major risk factor for cardiovascular disorders (CVD), characterized by pathological diastolic as well as systolic dysfunction, ventricular dilation, and cardiomyocyte hypertrophy. CVD is the main cause of death in postmenopausal women. Estradiol (E2) has protective effects on cardiovascular function. The biological effects of E2 are mainly mediated by classical estrogen receptors (ERs). The present study aimed to investigate the cardioprotective effects of classical ERs in ovariectomized (OVX) diabetic female rats. METHODS T2D was induced in female rats by high-fat diet feeding along with a low dose of streptozotocin. Then diabetic animals were divided into eight groups: Sham-control, OVX, OVX + Vehicle (Veh), OVX + E2, OVX + E2 + MPP (ERα antagonist), OVX + E2 + PHTPP (ERβ antagonist), OVX + E2 + Veh, OVX + E2 + MPP + PHTPP. Animals received E2, MPP, and PHTPP every four days for 28 days. At the end blood was collected, serum separated, and used for biochemical parameters. Heart tissue was used for cardiac angiotensin II and cytokines measurement. RESULTS E2 treatment improved the metabolic disorders caused by T2D, and its receptor antagonists intensified the effects of T2D on the metabolic status. Also, E2 therapy decreased cardiac inflammatory cytokines, and MPP and PHTPP increased cardiac inflammation by increasing TNF-α and IL-6 and decreasing IL-10. CONCLUSIONS Classical ERs have protective effects on diabetic hearts by improving the metabolic status and inflammatory balance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hossein Azizian
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
| | - Zeinab Farhadi
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Mohammad Khaksari
- Endocrinology and Metabolism Research, and Physiology Research Centers, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
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Kehmeier MN, Bedell BR, Cullen AE, Khurana A, D'Amico HJ, Henson GD, Walker AE. In vivo arterial stiffness, but not isolated artery endothelial function, varies with the mouse estrous cycle. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2022; 323:H1057-H1067. [PMID: 36240435 PMCID: PMC9678414 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00369.2022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2022] [Revised: 10/12/2022] [Accepted: 10/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
With the increasing appreciation for sex as a biological variable and the inclusion of female mice in research, it is important to understand the influence of the estrous cycle on physiological function. Sex hormones are known to modulate vascular function, but the effects of the mouse estrous cycle phase on arterial stiffness, endothelial function, and arterial estrogen receptor expression remain unknown. In 23 female C57BL/6 mice (6 mo of age), we determined the estrous cycle stage via vaginal cytology and plasma hormone concentrations. Aortic stiffness, assessed by pulse wave velocity, was lower during the estrus phase compared with diestrus. In ex vivo assessment of isolated pressurized mesenteric and posterior cerebral arteries, the responses to acetylcholine, insulin, and sodium nitroprusside, as well as nitric oxide-mediated dilation, were not different between estrous cycle phases. In the aorta, expression of phosphorylated estrogen receptor-α was higher for mice in estrus compared with mice in proestrus. In the cerebral arteries, gene expression for estrogen receptor-β (Esr2) was lowest for mice in estrus compared with diestrus and proestrus. These results demonstrate that the estrus phase is associated with lower in vivo large artery stiffness in mice. In contrast, ex vivo resistance artery endothelial function is not different between estrous cycle phases. Estrogen receptor expression is modulated by the estrus cycle in an artery-dependent manner. These results suggest that the estrous cycle phase should be considered when measuring in vivo arterial stiffness in young female mice.NEW & NOTEWORTHY To design rigorous vascular research studies using young female rodents, the influence of the estrous cycle on vascular function must be known. We found that in vivo aortic stiffness was lower during estrus compared with the diestrus phase in female mice. In contrast, ex vivo mesenteric and cerebral artery endothelial function did not differ between estrous cycle stages. These results suggest that the estrous cycle stage should be accounted for when measuring in vivo arterial stiffness.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Bradley R Bedell
- Department of Human Physiology, University of Oregon, Eugene, Oregon
| | - Abigail E Cullen
- Department of Human Physiology, University of Oregon, Eugene, Oregon
| | - Aleena Khurana
- Department of Human Physiology, University of Oregon, Eugene, Oregon
| | - Holly J D'Amico
- Department of Human Physiology, University of Oregon, Eugene, Oregon
| | - Grant D Henson
- Department of Human Physiology, University of Oregon, Eugene, Oregon
| | - Ashley E Walker
- Department of Human Physiology, University of Oregon, Eugene, Oregon
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22
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Hatch JM, Segvich DM, Kohler R, Wallace JM. Skeletal manifestations in a streptozotocin-induced C57BL/6 model of Type 1 diabetes. Bone Rep 2022; 17:101609. [PMID: 35941910 PMCID: PMC9356200 DOI: 10.1016/j.bonr.2022.101609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2022] [Revised: 07/27/2022] [Accepted: 07/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetes Mellitus is a metabolic disease which profoundly affects many organ systems in the body, including the skeleton. As is often the case with biology, there are inherent differences between the sexes when considering skeletal development and disease progression and outcome. Therefore, the aim of this study was to develop a protocol to reliably induce diabetes in both sexes of the C57BL/6 mouse utilizing streptozotocin (STZ) and to characterize the resulting bone phenotype. We hypothesized that destruction of the β-cells in the pancreatic islet by STZ would result in a diabetic state with downstream skeletal manifestations. Beginning at 8 weeks of age, mice were injected for 5 consecutive days with STZ (65 mg/kg males, 90 mg/kg females) dissolved in a citrate buffer. The diabetic state of the mice was monitored for 5 weeks to ensure persistent hyperglycemia and mice were euthanized at 15 weeks of age. Diabetes was confirmed through blood glucose monitoring, glucose and insulin tolerance testing, HbA1c measurement, and histological staining of the pancreas. The resulting bone phenotype was characterized using microcomputed tomography to assess bone structure, and whole bone mechanical testing to assess bone functional integrity. Mice from both sexes experienced loss of β-cell mass and increased glycation of hemoglobin, as well as reduced trabecular thickness and trabecular tissues mineral density (TMD), and reduced cortical thickness and cortical bone area fraction. In female mice the change area fraction was driven by a reduction in overall bone size while in male mice, the change was driven by increased marrow area. Males also experienced reduced cortical TMD. Mechanical bending tests of the tibiae showed significant results in females with a reduction in yield force and ultimate force driving lower work to yield and total work and a roughly 40 % reduction of stiffness. When tissue level parameters were estimated using beam theory, there was a significant reduction in yield and ultimate stresses as well as elastic modulus. The previously reported mechanistic similarity in the action of STZ on murine animals, as well as the ease of STZ administration via IP injection make this model is a strong candidate for future exploration of osteoporotic bone disease, Diabetes Mellitus, and the link between estrogen and glucose sensitivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer M. Hatch
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Indiana University-Purdue University at Indianapolis, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Dyann M. Segvich
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Indiana University-Purdue University at Indianapolis, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Rachel Kohler
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Indiana University-Purdue University at Indianapolis, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Joseph M. Wallace
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Indiana University-Purdue University at Indianapolis, Indianapolis, IN, USA
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23
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Wen Y, Liu T, Li S, Gong R, Li C. Trends in the prevalence of metabolically healthy and unhealthy obesity in the US adult population: analysis of eight NHANES cross-sectional survey cycles, 1999-2014. BMJ Open 2022; 12:e062651. [PMID: 36450425 PMCID: PMC9716838 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2022-062651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To exam the time trend of the prevalence of metabolically healthy obesity (MHO) in the US adult population. DESIGN Eight cross-sectional survey cycles. SETTING National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES), 1999-2014. PARTICIPANTS 16 459 NHANES participants aged 20 years and older. PRIMARY OUTCOME MEASURE MHO was defined as central obesity (waist circumference ≥102 cm for men and ≥88 cm for women) without any of the following conditions: elevated levels of blood pressure (≥130/85 mm Hg), glucose (≥100 mg/dL) and triglycerides (≥150 mm/dL); reduced levels of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (<40 mg/dL for men and <50 mg/dL for women) or any medication use for high cholesterol, hypertension or diabetes. RESULTS The prevalence of central obesity significantly increased from 45.2% in 1999-2000 to 56.7% in 2013-2014 (p=0.003). Over the same period, MHO prevalence among those with central obesity only slightly and non-significantly increased from 11.0% to 15.7% (p=0.38). However, MHO prevalence among women increased significantly (p=0.04) from 7.1% to 13.7%. Female gender, a younger age, being Hispanic and non-Hispanic black and high education (some college or above) were significantly (p<0.05) associated with higher prevalence of MHO. CONCLUSIONS While the prevalence of central obesity in the US population has increased since 1999, the prevalence of MHO among those who are centrally obese remained fairly stable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Wen
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Sichuan University West China Hospital, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Tingting Liu
- College of Nursing, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida, USA
| | - Shengxu Li
- Children's Minnesota Research Institute, Tulane University School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
| | - Renrong Gong
- Department of Surgery, Sichuan University West China Hospital, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Changwei Li
- Department of Epidemiology, Tulane University School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA
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24
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Association between Lower-to-Upper Ratio of Appendicular Skeletal Muscle and Metabolic Syndrome. J Clin Med 2022; 11:jcm11216309. [DOI: 10.3390/jcm11216309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2022] [Revised: 10/20/2022] [Accepted: 10/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
(1) Background: Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is a cluster-based disorder comprising several pre-disease or pre-clinical statuses for diabetes, hypertension, dyslipidemia, cardiovascular risk, and mortality. Appendicular skeletal muscle (ASM), or lean mass, is considered the main site of insulin-mediated glucose utilization. Therefore, we aimed to reveal the association between lower appendicular skeletal muscle mass to upper appendicular skeletal muscle mass ratio (LUR) and risk for MetS. (2) Methods: We analyzed the 2008–2011 Korean National Health Examination and Nutrition Survey (KNHANES) data. Quintiles of lower ASM to upper ASM ratio (LUR) were categorized as follows: Q1: ≤2.65, Q2: 2.66–2.80, Q3: 2.81–2.94, Q4: 2.95–3.11, and Q5: ≥3.12 in men and Q1: ≤3.00, Q2: 3.01–3.18, Q3: 3.19–3.36, Q4: 3.37–3.60, and Q5: ≥3.61 in women. Multivariate logistic regression models were used after setting MetS and the LUR quintiles as the independent and dependent variables and adjusting for covariates. (3) Result: In men, MetS in accordance with the LUR quintiles exhibits a reverse J-curve. All groups from Q2 to Q5 had a lower odds ratio (OR) (95% CI) for MetS compared to the Q1 group. The lowest OR (95% CI) of 0.85 (0.80–0.91) was observed in Q4. However, in women, the figure shows a sine curve. Compared to the Q1 group, the Q2 and Q3 groups had a higher OR, while the Q4 and Q5 groups presented a lower OR. Among them, the OR (95% CI) in the Q4 group was lowest, at 0.83 (0.76–0.91). (4) Conclusions: While total appendicular skeletal muscle mass is important to prevent MetS, it is necessary to maintain an optimal ratio of muscle mass between the upper and lower appendicular skeletal muscle mass.
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25
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Branigan GL, Torrandell-Haro G, Vitali F, Brinton RD, Rodgers K. Age and sex differences on anti-hyperglycemic medication exposure and risk of newly diagnosed multiple sclerosis in propensity score matched type 2 diabetics. Heliyon 2022; 8:e11196. [PMID: 36325137 PMCID: PMC9618986 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2022.e11196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2021] [Revised: 06/30/2022] [Accepted: 10/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The association between exposure to anti-hyperglycemic medications (A-HgM) for Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2D) treatment and Multiple Sclerosis (MS) in T2D patients is unclear. Methods This retrospective cohort analysis used the Mariner claims database. Patient records were surveyed for a diagnosis of MS starting 12 months after diagnosis of T2D. Patients were required to be actively enrolled in the Mariner claims records for six months prior and at least three years after the diagnosis of T2D without a history of previous neurodegenerative disease. Survival analysis was used to determine the association between A-HgM exposure and diagnosis of MS. A propensity score approach was used to minimize measured and unmeasured selection bias. The analyses were conducted between January 1st and April 28th, 2021. Findings In T2D patients younger than 45, A-HgM exposure was associated with a reduced risk of developing MS (RR: 0.22, 95%CI: 0.17–0.29, p-value <0.001). In contrast, A-HgM exposure in patients older than 45 was associated with an increased risk of MS with women exhibiting greater risk (RR: 1.53, 95%CI: 1.39–1.69, p < 0.001) than men (RR: 1.17, 95%CI: 1.01–1.37, p = 0 · 04). Patients who developed MS had a higher incidence of baseline comorbidities. Mean follow-up was 6.2 years with a standard deviation of 1.8 years. Interpretation In this study, A-HgM exposure in patients with T2D was associated with reduced risk of MS in patients younger than 45 whereas in patients older than 45, exposure to A-HgM was associated with an increased risk of newly diagnosed MS, particularly in women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gregory L. Branigan
- Center for Innovation in Brain Science; University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, USA,Department of Pharmacology; University of Arizona College of Medicine, Tucson, Arizona, USA,MD-PhD Training Program; University of Arizona College of Medicine, Tucson, Arizona, USA
| | - Georgina Torrandell-Haro
- Center for Innovation in Brain Science; University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, USA,Department of Pharmacology; University of Arizona College of Medicine, Tucson, Arizona, USA
| | - Francesca Vitali
- Center for Innovation in Brain Science; University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, USA,Department of Neurology; University of Arizona College of Medicine, Tucson, Arizona, USA,Center for Biomedical Informatics and Biostatistics, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, USA
| | - Roberta Diaz Brinton
- Center for Innovation in Brain Science; University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, USA,Department of Pharmacology; University of Arizona College of Medicine, Tucson, Arizona, USA,Department of Neurology; University of Arizona College of Medicine, Tucson, Arizona, USA
| | - Kathleen Rodgers
- Center for Innovation in Brain Science; University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, USA,Department of Pharmacology; University of Arizona College of Medicine, Tucson, Arizona, USA,Corresponding author.
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26
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Sugar-sweetened beverage intake in relation to reproductive parameters in young men. Rev Int Androl 2022; 20 Suppl 1:S39-S47. [PMID: 35545500 DOI: 10.1016/j.androl.2021.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2020] [Revised: 02/16/2021] [Accepted: 04/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND There has been a decrease in sperm concentration in recent years. Concurrently, there were important dietary changes, including an increase in sugar-sweetened beverage intake (SSB). The relation between SSB and male reproduction functions in humans are barely described in the literature. METHODS Cross-sectional study with 209 participants (18-23 years old) recruited during one year in Murcia, Spain. All men provided semen and blood samples the same day. SSB consumption was evaluated using a 101-item validated food frequency questionnaire. Reproductive hormones were analysed from serum samples, obtaining levels of follicle-stimulating hormone, inhibin B, luteinizing hormone, estradiol, and testosterone. The evaluation of semen analysis followed the WHO guidelines and consisted of seminal volume, sperm concentration, total sperm count, percentage of morphologically normal sperm, and percentage of motile sperm. SSB intake association with semen parameters and hormone levels were examined using multiple linear regression. RESULTS Men in the highest quartile of the SSB intake had a higher percentage of morphologically normal sperm, 37.4% [6.1, 68.3] (p, trend=0.047) and higher estradiol levels (9.5% [-3.5, 22.5] (p, trend=0.047) than those in the first quartile. SSB intake was unrelated to other semen quality parameters or reproductive hormone levels. CONCLUSIONS Our results indicate that sperm morphology and estradiol levels may be associated with sugar-sweetened beverage intake. These findings might be explained by physiological metabolism homeostasis, though more studies are required to confirm these results and draw conclusions in other male populations.
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27
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De Paoli M, Wood DW, Bohn MK, Pandey AK, Borowitz DK, Fang S, Patel Z, Venegas-Pino DE, Shi Y, Werstuck GH. Investigating the protective effects of estrogen on β-cell health and the progression of hyperglycemia-induced atherosclerosis. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2022; 323:E254-E266. [PMID: 35830687 DOI: 10.1152/ajpendo.00353.2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Sex differences in the prevalence and development of diabetes and associated cardiometabolic complications are well established. The objective of this study was to analyze the effects of estrogen on the maintenance of β-cell health/function and atherosclerosis progression, using a mouse model of hyperglycemia-induced atherosclerosis, the ApoE-/-:Ins2+/Akita mouse. ApoE-/-:Ins2+/Akita mice exhibit sexual dimorphism in the control of blood glucose levels. Male ApoE-/-:Ins2+/Akita mice are chronically hyperglycemic due to a significant reduction in pancreatic β-cell mass. Female mice are only transiently hyperglycemic, maintain β-cell mass, and blood glucose levels normalize at 35 ± 1 days of age. To determine the effects of estrogen on pancreatic β-cell health and function, ovariectomies and estrogen supplementation experiments were performed, and pancreatic health and atherosclerosis were assessed at various time points. Ovariectomized ApoE-/-:Ins2+/Akita mice developed chronic hyperglycemia with significantly reduced β-cell mass. To determine whether the observed effects on ovariectomized ApoE-/-:Ins2+/Akita mice were due to a lack of estrogens, slow-releasing estradiol pellets were inserted subcutaneously. Ovariectomized ApoE-/-:Ins2+/Akita mice treated with exogenous estradiol showed normalized blood glucose levels and maintained β-cell mass. Exogenous estradiol significantly reduced atherosclerosis in both ovariectomized female and male ApoE-/-:Ins2+/Akita mice relative to controls. Together, these findings suggest that estradiol confers significant protection to pancreatic β-cell health and can directly and indirectly slow the progression of atherosclerosis.NEW & NOTEWORTHY This study examines the effect(s) of estrogen on β cell and cardiometabolic health/function in a novel mouse model of hyperglycemia-induced atherosclerosis (ApoE-/-:Ins2+/Akita). Using a combination of estrogen deprivation (ovariectomy) and supplementation strategies, we quantify effects on glucose homeostasis and atherogenesis. Our results clearly show a protective role for estrogen on pancreatic β-cell health and function and glucose homeostasis. Furthermore, estrogen supplementation dramatically reduces atherosclerosis progression in both male and female mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monica De Paoli
- Thrombosis and Atherosclerosis Research Institute, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Dempsey W Wood
- Thrombosis and Atherosclerosis Research Institute, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Mary K Bohn
- Thrombosis and Atherosclerosis Research Institute, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Arjun K Pandey
- Thrombosis and Atherosclerosis Research Institute, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Dana K Borowitz
- Thrombosis and Atherosclerosis Research Institute, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Susanna Fang
- Thrombosis and Atherosclerosis Research Institute, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Zinal Patel
- Thrombosis and Atherosclerosis Research Institute, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Daniel E Venegas-Pino
- Thrombosis and Atherosclerosis Research Institute, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Yuanyuan Shi
- Thrombosis and Atherosclerosis Research Institute, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Geoff H Werstuck
- Thrombosis and Atherosclerosis Research Institute, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
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28
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Insight into Potential Interactions of Thyroid Hormones, Sex Hormones and Their Stimulating Hormones in the Development of Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease. Metabolites 2022; 12:metabo12080718. [PMID: 36005590 PMCID: PMC9414490 DOI: 10.3390/metabo12080718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2022] [Revised: 07/30/2022] [Accepted: 07/31/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease (NAFLD) is a common manifestation of metabolic syndrome. In addition to lifestyle, endocrine hormones play a role in the dysregulation of hepatic metabolism. The most common endocrine hormones contributing to metabolic syndrome are alterations in the levels of thyroid hormones (THs, predominantly in subclinical hypothyroidism) and of sex hormones (in menopause). These hormonal changes influence hepatic lipid and glucose metabolism and may increase hepatic fat accumulation. This review compares the effects of sex hormones, THs and the respective stimulating hormones, Thyroid-Stimulating Hormone (TSH) and Follicle-Stimulating Hormone (FSH), on the development of hepatosteatosis. TSH and FSH may be more relevant to the dysregulation of hepatic metabolism than the peripheral hormones because metabolic changes were identified when only levels of the stimulating hormones were abnormal and the peripheral hormones were still in the reference range. Increased TSH and FSH levels appear to have additive effects on the development of NAFLD and to act independently from each other.
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29
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Pal L, Morgan K, Santoro NF, Manson JE, Taylor HS, Miller VM, Brinton EA, Lobo R, Neal-Perry G, Cedars MI, Harman SM, James TT, Gleason CE. Cardiometabolic measures and cognition in early menopause - Analysis of baseline data from a randomized controlled trial. Maturitas 2022; 162:58-65. [PMID: 35617770 PMCID: PMC10089771 DOI: 10.1016/j.maturitas.2022.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2021] [Revised: 01/31/2022] [Accepted: 04/06/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The relationships between cardiometabolic indices and cognition were examined in recently menopausal women. METHODS Cross-sectional analysis of baseline data from the KEEPS (Kronos Early Estrogen Prevention Study)-Cognitive ancillary study (n = 621). Cognitive performance was assessed by the Modified Mini Mental Status (3MS) score (primary outcome). Physical cardiometabolic indices included body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC), waist-to-hip ratio (WHR), and blood pressure (BP). Biochemical cardiometabolic indices included serum levels of high sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP), total cholesterol (TC), low-density lipoprotein (LDL-C), high-density lipoprotein (HDL-C), non-HDL (non-HDL-C), triglycerides (TG), fasting serum glucose (FSG), and insulin resistance (HOMA-IR). Socio-demographic variables included age, race/ethnicity, education, and lifestyle (physical activity, smoking). Central adiposity was defined as WC > 88 cm (>35 in) and WHR > 0.8. Separate stepwise multivariable analyses (GLM, ordinal logistic regression and logistic regression) assessed relationships between 3MS scores (as continuous, in tertiles and dichotomized at 90 respectively) with the measures of central adiposity (predictor variables); socio-demographic variables (age, time since menopause, race, educational status and lifestyle) and cardiometabolic variables (BP, lipids, FSG, HOMA-IR and hs-CRP) were examined as covariates. The final multivariable models included time since menopause, race, ethnicity, educational status, strenuous exercise, BMI ≥30 kg/m2, non-HDL-C and hs-CRP as covariates. Due to the high collinearity between the two indices of central adiposity, within each analytic strategy, separate models examined the respective associations of WC > 88 cm and WHR > 0.8 with 3MS score. RESULTS On adjusted analyses, indices of central adiposity were independent predictors of significantly lower 3MS scores (p < 0.05). Consistency in this relationship was observed across the three different multivariable regression analytic approaches (GLM, ordinal and logistic regression). CONCLUSIONS Among recently menopausal women, WC > 88 cm and WHR > 0.8 were associated with significantly lower cognitive function, as reflected by lower 3MS scores. The mechanisms that might explain the observed negative implications of central adiposity for cognitive function warrant further study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lubna Pal
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology & Reproductive Sciences, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, United States.
| | - Kelly Morgan
- SSM Health Dean Medical Group, Madison, WI, United States
| | - Nanette F Santoro
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, University of Colorado, Denver, United States
| | - JoAnn E Manson
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, United States
| | - Hugh S Taylor
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology & Reproductive Sciences, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, United States
| | - Virginia M Miller
- Department of Surgery, Mayo Clinic, United States; Department of Physiology and Biomedical Engineering, Mayo Clinic, United States
| | | | - Rogerio Lobo
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Columbia University, United States
| | - Genevieve Neal-Perry
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, United States
| | - Marcelle I Cedars
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, UCSF, United States
| | - S Mitchell Harman
- Kronos Longevity Research Institute and the Phoenix Veterans Administration Health Care System, Phoenix, AZ, United States
| | - Taryn T James
- Division of Geriatrics, Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison Geriatric Research Education and Clinical Center (GRECC), United States
| | - Carey E Gleason
- Division of Geriatrics, Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison Geriatric Research Education and Clinical Center (GRECC), United States
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30
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Nagral A, Bangar M, Menezes S, Bhatia S, Butt N, Ghosh J, Manchanayake JH, Mahtab MA, Singh SP. Gender Differences in Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease. Euroasian J Hepatogastroenterol 2022; 12:S19-S25. [PMID: 36466099 PMCID: PMC9681575 DOI: 10.5005/jp-journals-10018-1370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2023] Open
Abstract
UNLABELLED Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) has currently emerged as the most common liver disorder in both developed and developing countries. It has been observed that NAFLD exhibits sexual dimorphism, and there is limited understanding on the sex differences in adults with NAFLD. Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease shows marked differences in prevalence and severity with regards to gender. There are considerable biological disparities between males and females attributed to differences in the chromosomal makeup and sex hormone levels, distinct from the gender differences resulting from the sociocultural influences that lead to differences in lifestyle, which have a significant impact on the pathogenesis of this complex disorder. A multitude of factors contributes to the gender disparities seen and need to be researched in-depth to better understand the mechanisms behind them and the therapeutic measures that can be taken. In this article, we will review the gender disparities seen in NAFLD, as well as recent studies highlighting certain gender-specific factors contributing to its varying prevalence and severity. HOW TO CITE THIS ARTICLE Nagral A, Bangar M, Menezes S, et al. Gender Differences in Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease. Euroasian J Hepato-Gastroenterol 2022;12(Suppl 1):S19-S25.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aabha Nagral
- Department of Gastroenterology, Jaslok Hospital and Research Centre, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India; Apollo Hospital, Navi Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
| | - Manisha Bangar
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Century Hospitals, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
| | - Sherna Menezes
- Department of Gastroenterology, Jaslok Hospital and Research Centre, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
| | - Shobna Bhatia
- Department of Gastroenterology, Sir HN Reliance Foundation Hospital, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
| | - Nazish Butt
- Department of Gastroenterology, Jinnah Postgraduate Medical Center, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Jhumur Ghosh
- Department of Hepatology, MH Samorita Hospital and Medical College, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | | | - Mamun Al Mahtab
- Department of Hepatology, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University, Dhaka, Bangladesh
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Usman M, Sarwar AS, Shahid RU, Rehman SU, Khamas WA. Histological and ultrastructural studies of female reproductive vasculature of one humped camel in relation to possible thermoregulation and ovarian hormones. VETERINARY RESEARCH FORUM : AN INTERNATIONAL QUARTERLY JOURNAL 2022; 13:177-186. [PMID: 35919856 PMCID: PMC9340294 DOI: 10.30466/vrf.2021.129861.2991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2020] [Accepted: 01/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The study was designed to explore anatomical and histological vasculature changes in the female genital system of camel and serological aspects that might be responsible to maintain thermoregulation. Twenty-four adult female camels were sampled during breeding (November-April) and non-breeding (May-October) season. Blood was collected for estrogen, progesterone and cortisol level estimation. Genital organs were sampled and described after slaughtering. Samples were taken from the ovarian artery (OA), vein (OV) and arterio-venous complex (AVC), for light and scanning electron microscopy. Sections were stained with Hematoxylin and Eosin. (H&E), Masson's trichrome, Weigert's elastic and toluidine blue. Temperature and relative humidity were used to calculate stress indicator. Stress indicator was higher in non-breeding season (NBS). Anatomical and histological vasculature (OA, OV, AVC) dynamics were significantly higher in breeding season (BS) especially diameter of left OA. Parameters of OA were positively associated with estrogen level. Collagen, elastic, smooth muscles and mast cells were recorded least in BS compared to NBS. Unique venous structure, intra-mural venules (IMV), was discovered in tunica intima of OA, seen positively and negatively associated with estrogen and cortisol level in BS, respectively. Scanned electron-micrograph exhibited penetration and wrapping of OA by small thinned-walled venules that may form IMV. The AVC was too tightly packed to differentiate due to the collapse of the wall. Hormonal, seasonal, stress indicator and vascular dynamic of female genital system are interlinked and IMV in association with OA and OV may be proposed as the site of counter-current exchange in female reproductive system of the camel.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Usman
- Department of Basic Sciences, KBCMA College of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Narowal, Sub Campus UVAS, Lahore, Pakistan; ,Correspondence Muhammad Usman. PhD , Department of Basic Sciences, KBCMA College of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Narowal, Sub Campus UVAS, Lahore, Pakistan . E-mail:
| | - Anas Sarwar Sarwar
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan;
| | - Rehmat Ullah Shahid
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan;
| | - Sajjad Ur Rehman
- Institute of Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan;
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Epigenetic Regulation of Estrogen Receptor Genes' Expressions in Adipose Tissue in the Course of Obesity. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23115989. [PMID: 35682668 PMCID: PMC9181405 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23115989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2022] [Revised: 05/20/2022] [Accepted: 05/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Estrogen affects adipose tissue function. Therefore, this study aimed at assessing changes in the transcriptional activity of estrogen receptor (ER) α and β genes (ESR1 and ESR2, respectively) in the adipose tissues of obese individuals before and after weight loss and verifying whether epigenetic mechanisms were involved in this phenomenon. ESR1 and ESR2 mRNA and miRNA levels were evaluated using real-time PCR in visceral (VAT) and subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT) of 78 obese (BMI > 40 kg/m2) and 31 normal-weight (BMI = 20−24.9 kg/m2) individuals and in 19 SAT samples from post-bariatric patients. ESR1 and ESR2 methylation status was studied using the methylation-sensitive digestion/real-time PCR method. Obesity was associated with a decrease in mRNA levels of both ERs in SAT (p < 0.0001) and ESR2 in VAT (p = 0.0001), while weight loss increased ESR transcription (p < 0.0001). Methylation levels of ESR1 and ESR2 promoters were unaffected. However, ESR1 mRNA in the AT of obese subjects correlated negatively with the expression of hsa-miR-18a-5p (rs = −0.444), hsa-miR-18b-5p (rs = −0.329), hsa-miR-22-3p (rs = −0.413), hsa-miR-100-5p (rs = −0.371), and hsa-miR-143-5p (rs = −0.289), while the expression of ESR2 in VAT correlated negatively with hsa-miR-576-5p (rs = −0.353) and in SAT with hsa-miR-495-3p (rs = −0.308). In conclusion, obesity-associated downregulation of ER mRNA levels in adipose tissue may result from miRNA interference.
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Vail GM, Walley SN, Yasrebi A, Maeng A, Degroat TJ, Conde KM, Roepke TA. Implications of estrogen receptor alpha (ERa) with the intersection of organophosphate flame retardants and diet-induced obesity in adult mice. JOURNAL OF TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH. PART A 2022; 85:397-413. [PMID: 35045790 PMCID: PMC8916992 DOI: 10.1080/15287394.2022.2026849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Previously, organophosphate flame retardants (OPFRs) were found to produce intersecting disruptions of energy homeostasis using an adult mouse model of diet-induced obesity. Using the same mixture consisting of 1 mg/kg/day of each triphenyl phosphate, tricresyl phosphate, and tris(1,3-dichloro-2-propyl)phosphate, the current study aimed to identify the role of estrogen receptor alpha (ERα) in OPFR-induced disruption, utilizing ERα knockout (ERαKO) mice fed either a low-fat diet (LFD) or high-fat diet (HFD). Body weight and composition, food intake patterns, glucose and insulin tolerance, circulating peptide hormones, and expression of hypothalamic genes associated with energy homeostasis were measured. When fed HFD, no marked direct effects of OPFR were observed in mice lacking ERα, suggesting a role for ERα in generating previously reported wildtype (WT) findings. Male ERαKO mice fed LFD experienced decreased feeding efficiency and altered insulin tolerance, whereas their female counterparts displayed less fat mass and circulating ghrelin when exposed to OPFRs. These effects were not noted in the previous WT study, indicating that loss of ERα may sensitize animals fed LFD to alternate pathways of endocrine disruption by OFPRs. Collectively, these data demonstrate both direct and indirect actions of OPFRs on ERα-mediated pathways governing energy homeostasis and support a growing body of evidence urging concern for risk of human exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gwyndolin M. Vail
- Joint Graduate Program in Toxicology, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ. USA
| | - Sabrina N. Walley
- Joint Graduate Program in Toxicology, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ. USA
| | - Ali Yasrebi
- Department of Animal Sciences, School of Environmental & Biological Sciences, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ. USA
| | - Angela Maeng
- Department of Animal Sciences, School of Environmental & Biological Sciences, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ. USA
| | - Thomas J. Degroat
- Graduate Program in Endocrinology and Animal Biosciences, School of Environmental & Biological Sciences, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ. USA
| | - Kristie M. Conde
- Graduate Program in Neuroscience, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ. USA
| | - Troy A. Roepke
- Joint Graduate Program in Toxicology, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ. USA
- Department of Animal Sciences, School of Environmental & Biological Sciences, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ. USA
- Graduate Program in Endocrinology and Animal Biosciences, School of Environmental & Biological Sciences, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ. USA
- Graduate Program in Neuroscience, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ. USA
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Koohmanaee S, Motamed B, Ghorbandoust S, Badeli H, Rad AH, Dalili S, Darabipour Z. The Cutoff of Gonadotropins for Close Evaluation of Cardiometabolic Risk Factors in Turner Syndrome. Int J Prev Med 2022; 13:61. [PMID: 35706858 PMCID: PMC9188885 DOI: 10.4103/ijpvm.ijpvm_321_20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2020] [Accepted: 09/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Turner syndrome is a common genetic disorder in females. It is a disorder characterized by variable number of clinical features, so it needs a multidisciplinary approach for care. Therefore, we aimed to define the cutoff of gonadotropins for close evaluation of cardiometabolic risk factors in Turner syndrome. Methods This is a case-control study on 31 patients with Turner syndrome and 31 healthy individuals. Clinical examination including blood pressure measurement and systems evaluation was performed. Laboratory testing, which included 12-h fasting, assessed lipid profile, glucose, and serum gonadotropin. Results Turner syndrome had a higher BMI, systolic, and diastolic blood pressure than the normal group (P < 0.001) Patients with Turner syndrome had significantly higher total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein, triglyceride, and TG-to-high-density lipoprotein ratio compared to the healthy individuals (P < 0.05). With increasing LH and FSH, BMI values, systolic blood pressure, and total cholesterol increased significantly (P < 0.001). Serum TG levels in Turner syndrome were only positively correlated with LH and not correlated with FSH. The cutoff point of LH and FSH for triglyceride in upper 75 percentile were 31 (sensitivity = 38.1%, specificity = 80%) and 48 (sensitivity = 61.9%, specificity = 70%), respectively. Conclusions Based on dyslipidemia and lower level of ejection fraction, considering cardiometabolic risk factors in lower age groups in Turner syndrome can be recommended.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shahin Koohmanaee
- Department of Pediatrics, Pediatric Diseases Research Center, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran
| | - Behrang Motamed
- Department of Internal Medicine, Razi Hospital, School of Medicine, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran
| | - Sharareh Ghorbandoust
- Department of Pediatrics, Pediatric Diseases Research Center, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran
| | - Hamidreza Badeli
- Department of Pediatrics, Pediatric Diseases Research Center, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran
| | - Afagh Hassanzadeh Rad
- Department of Pediatrics, Pediatric Diseases Research Center, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran
| | - Setila Dalili
- Department of Pediatrics, Pediatric Diseases Research Center, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran,Address for correspondence: Dr. Setila Dalili, Department of Pediatrics, Pediatric Diseases Research Center, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran. E-mail:
| | - Zohre Darabipour
- Department of Pediatrics, Pediatric Diseases Research Center, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran
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Von-Hafe M, Borges-Canha M, Vale C, Leite AR, Sérgio Neves J, Carvalho D, Leite-Moreira A. Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease and Endocrine Axes—A Scoping Review. Metabolites 2022; 12:metabo12040298. [PMID: 35448486 PMCID: PMC9026925 DOI: 10.3390/metabo12040298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2022] [Revised: 03/20/2022] [Accepted: 03/27/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is the leading cause of chronic liver disease. NAFLD often occurs associated with endocrinopathies. Evidence suggests that endocrine dysfunction may play an important role in NAFLD development, progression, and severity. Our work aimed to explore and summarize the crosstalk between the liver and different endocrine organs, their hormones, and dysfunctions. For instance, our results show that hyperprolactinemia, hypercortisolemia, and polycystic ovary syndrome seem to worsen NAFLD’s pathway. Hypothyroidism and low growth hormone levels also may contribute to NAFLD’s progression, and a bidirectional association between hypercortisolism and hypogonadism and the NAFLD pathway looks likely, given the current evidence. Therefore, we concluded that it appears likely that there is a link between several endocrine disorders and NAFLD other than the typically known type 2 diabetes mellitus and metabolic syndrome (MS). Nevertheless, there is controversial and insufficient evidence in this area of knowledge.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madalena Von-Hafe
- Departamento de Cirurgia e Fisiologia, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade do Porto, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal; (M.V.-H.); (C.V.); (A.R.L.); (J.S.N.); (A.L.-M.)
| | - Marta Borges-Canha
- Departamento de Cirurgia e Fisiologia, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade do Porto, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal; (M.V.-H.); (C.V.); (A.R.L.); (J.S.N.); (A.L.-M.)
- Serviço de Endocrinologia, Diabetes e Metabolismo do Centro Hospitalar Universitário de São João, Alameda Prof. Hernâni Monteiro, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +351-918935390
| | - Catarina Vale
- Departamento de Cirurgia e Fisiologia, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade do Porto, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal; (M.V.-H.); (C.V.); (A.R.L.); (J.S.N.); (A.L.-M.)
| | - Ana Rita Leite
- Departamento de Cirurgia e Fisiologia, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade do Porto, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal; (M.V.-H.); (C.V.); (A.R.L.); (J.S.N.); (A.L.-M.)
| | - João Sérgio Neves
- Departamento de Cirurgia e Fisiologia, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade do Porto, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal; (M.V.-H.); (C.V.); (A.R.L.); (J.S.N.); (A.L.-M.)
- Serviço de Endocrinologia, Diabetes e Metabolismo do Centro Hospitalar Universitário de São João, Alameda Prof. Hernâni Monteiro, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal;
| | - Davide Carvalho
- Serviço de Endocrinologia, Diabetes e Metabolismo do Centro Hospitalar Universitário de São João, Alameda Prof. Hernâni Monteiro, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal;
- Investigação e Inovação em Saúde (i3s), Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade do Porto, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal
| | - Adelino Leite-Moreira
- Departamento de Cirurgia e Fisiologia, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade do Porto, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal; (M.V.-H.); (C.V.); (A.R.L.); (J.S.N.); (A.L.-M.)
- Serviço de Cirurgia Cardiotorácica do Centro Hospitalar Universitário de São João, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal
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Hwang Y, Jang J, Shin MH. Association of Fasting Glucose and Glycated Hemoglobin with Vitamin D Level According to Diabetes Mellitus Status in Korean Adults. Epidemiol Health 2022; 44:e2022025. [PMID: 35209709 DOI: 10.4178/epih.e2022025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2021] [Accepted: 02/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives Previous studies have suggested that vitamin D deficiency might increase the risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus(DM). However, few studies have examined whether vitamin D continues to affect glucose control after DM diagnosis. Therefore, we examined the association between vitamin D and glucose in nondiabetics and DM patients. Methods We analyzed data for 32,943 adults aged 19 years and older from the 2008 to 2014 Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. Vitamin D levels were determined using the 25-hydroxyvitamin D concentration, and patients were grouped into one of three categories according to those results DM was defined as a fasting glucose level ≥ 126 mg/dL, current use of DM medications or insulin injections, or a self-reported diagnosis of DM by a doctor. Results In male DM patients, hemoglobin A1c(HbA1c) level increased significantly as vitamin D levels became severely deficient. Among the abnormal HbA1c subgroups of males and postmenopausal females, HbA1c levels were significantly higher in the severe vitamin D deficiency subgroup (p for trend = 0.0044 and 0.0219 for males and postmenopausal females, respectively). There were significant differences between abnormal HbA1c subgroups and normal HbA1c subgroups in both males and females. Regardless of sex or menopause status, however, there was no significant association between vitamin D and fasting glucose in fasting glucose subgroups. Conclusion Males and females in the abnormal HbA1c subgroups showed markedly elevated blood glucose when they also had vitamin D deficiency. Furthermore, there was a more distinct difference in the HbA1c subgroups than in the fasting glucose subgroups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yerin Hwang
- Department of Social Medicine, Sungkunkwn Universtiy College of Medicine, Suwon, Korea
| | - Jiyoung Jang
- Department of Social Medicine, Sungkunkwn Universtiy College of Medicine, Suwon, Korea
| | - Myung-Hee Shin
- Department of Social Medicine, Sungkunkwn Universtiy College of Medicine, Suwon, Korea
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Dockman RL, Carpenter JM, Diaz AN, Benbow RA, Filipov NM. Sex differences in behavior, response to LPS, and glucose homeostasis in middle-aged mice. Behav Brain Res 2022; 418:113628. [PMID: 34687827 PMCID: PMC8671369 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2021.113628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2021] [Revised: 10/03/2021] [Accepted: 10/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Sex and age have distinct influences and roles in behavior and immune reactivity; yet, most studies use adult male rodents with little attention to middle age, a time associated with key physiological transitions in both sexes. Thus, this study investigated sex differences during middle age in behavior, immune response to lipopolysaccharide (LPS), and glucose regulation in C57BL/6 mice with GFP-tagged monocytes/microglia. Behaviorally, males performed better in tests of motor function (Open Field [OF], Grip Strength, Sticker Removal, Gait, and Pole tests) and displayed less depressive- and anxiety-like behaviors across multiple mood tests (OF, Elevated Zero Maze, Sucrose Preference, and Swim test). However, females performed better in tests of cognition (Barnes Maze and Novel Object Recognition). Following behavioral assessment, mice were given LPS to characterize sex-dependent inflammagen responses. Females displayed greater sickness behavior in the OF, higher levels of peripheral cytokines, and subtle neuroinflammation in the cortex, striatum, and hippocampus. A separate middle-aged cohort was used for glucose tolerance and insulin sensitivity testing. Both sexes had excessive blood glucose rebound after insulin challenge, but displayed differences following glucose administration, where males had higher baseline glucose and females remained hyperglycemic. This study suggests that during middle-age male mice have better emotional regulation and motor function, but not cognitive ability than females. Further, males are less sensitive than females to the acute effects of LPS peripherally and centrally, but both sexes showed sex-specific impairments in blood glucose regulation. Overall, it appears that middle age is an important transition point with multiple sex differences, some of which are unique to this stage of life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel L Dockman
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, United States
| | - Jessica M Carpenter
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, United States
| | - Alexa N Diaz
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, United States
| | - Robert A Benbow
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, United States
| | - Nikolay M Filipov
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, United States.
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Lim HY, Donnan G, Nandurkar H, Ho P. Global coagulation assays in hypercoagulable states. J Thromb Thrombolysis 2022; 54:132-144. [PMID: 34997471 DOI: 10.1007/s11239-021-02621-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Thrombosis is one of the major global causes of morbidity and mortality, and predicting the risk of thrombotic and cardiovascular complications remains one of the key challenges in modern medicine. Conventional coagulation testing does not provide sufficient information, primarily because they measure the time to start of blood clotting and do not evaluate total thrombin generation. Possible adjunctive tools that may be helpful are global coagulation assays, which includes the assessment of the final products of the coagulation cascade, namely thrombin and fibrin. Whilst these assays have been more widely investigated in bleeding states, their role in thrombotic disorders is less established. We have previously investigated the use of assays such as thromboelastography, calibrated automated thrombogram and overall haemostatic potential assay in several hypercoagulable states including cardiovascular disease, haematological disorders and influence of hormone status as well as healthy controls. We provide a review of the use and limitations of global coagulation assays in healthy controls as well as hypercoagulable conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Yin Lim
- Department of Haematology, Northern Pathology Victoria, Northern Health, Northern Hospital, 185 Cooper St, Epping, VIC, 3076, Australia.
- Australian Centre for Blood Diseases, Monash University - Monash AMREP Building, Level 1 Walkway via the Alfred Centre, 99 Commercial Road, Melbourne, VIC, 3004, Australia.
- Department of Medicine, Northern Health, University of Melbourne, Studley Road, Heidelberg, VIC, 3084, Australia.
| | - Geoffrey Donnan
- The Melbourne Brain Centre, Royal Melbourne Hospital, University of Melbourne, 4/300 Grattan St, Parkville, VIC, 3050, Australia
| | - Harshal Nandurkar
- Australian Centre for Blood Diseases, Monash University - Monash AMREP Building, Level 1 Walkway via the Alfred Centre, 99 Commercial Road, Melbourne, VIC, 3004, Australia
| | - Prahlad Ho
- Department of Haematology, Northern Pathology Victoria, Northern Health, Northern Hospital, 185 Cooper St, Epping, VIC, 3076, Australia
- Australian Centre for Blood Diseases, Monash University - Monash AMREP Building, Level 1 Walkway via the Alfred Centre, 99 Commercial Road, Melbourne, VIC, 3004, Australia
- Department of Medicine, Northern Health, University of Melbourne, Studley Road, Heidelberg, VIC, 3084, Australia
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Vuong AM, Zhang C, Chen A. Associations of neonicotinoids with insulin and glucose homeostasis parameters in US adults: NHANES 2015-2016. CHEMOSPHERE 2022; 286:131642. [PMID: 34351280 PMCID: PMC8578312 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.131642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2021] [Revised: 07/13/2021] [Accepted: 07/20/2021] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Neonicotinoids are replacement insecticides increasingly used for organophosphates, methylcarbamates, and pyrethroids. Experimental evidence suggests neonicotinoids may affect glucose metabolism and insulin secretion through pancreatic β cell dysfunction, oxidative stress, and inflammation. However, no epidemiologic study has investigated neonicotinoids as potential diabetogens. We examined associations between neonicotinoids with insulin and glucose homeostasis parameters among 1381 non-diabetic adults in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (2015-2016). Urinary concentrations of acetamiprid, clothianidin, imidacloprid, N-desmethyl-acetamiprid, and 5-hydroxy-imidacloprid were quantified. Fasting plasma glucose, insulin, and hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) were assessed. Insulin resistance was defined as a homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance ≥2.5. We used weighted linear and logistic regression to estimate associations between detectable neonicotinoids with insulin and glucose homeostasis parameters compared to non-detectable neonicotinoid concentrations. Weighted detection frequencies for imidacloprid, 5-hydroxy-imidacloprid, and N-desmethyl-acetamiprid were 4.4 %, 21.5 %, and 32.8 %, respectively. Detectable imidacloprid (β = -4.7 μIU/mL, 95 % confidence interval [CI] -8.5, -0.8) and 5-hydroxy-imidacloprid (β = -2.4 μIU/mL, 95 % CI -4.6, -0.2) were associated with lower fasting plasma insulin levels. Individuals with detectable 5-hydroxy-imidacloprid had lower odds of insulin resistance (odds ratio [OR] = 0.3, 95 % CI 0.2, 0.7). We observed evidence of sexually dimorphic associations between N-desmethyl-acetamiprid with glucose (pint = 0.079) and 5-hydroxy-imidacloprid with HbA1c (pint = 0.038), with patterns suggesting positive associations in males and negative associations in females. Associations between 5-hydroxy-imidacloprid and insulin were modified by body mass index (BMI) (pint = 0.013). We additionally observed age modified associations between 5-hydyroxy-imidacloprid and glucose (pint = 0.048). Results suggest neonicotinoids may be associated with insulin and glucose homeostasis indices and call for prospective studies to examine the metabolic impact of these replacement insecticides in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ann M Vuong
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of Nevada Las Vegas, School of Public Health, Las Vegas, NV, United States.
| | - Cai Zhang
- Department of Pediatrics, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Aimin Chen
- Department of Biostatistics, Epidemiology and Informatics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
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Song MJ, Choi JY. Androgen dysfunction in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: Role of sex hormone binding globulin. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2022; 13:1053709. [PMID: 36482993 PMCID: PMC9722756 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2022.1053709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2022] [Accepted: 11/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is the most common form of chronic liver disease in the world. It is linked mainly to insulin resistance and metabolic syndrome including obesity and dyslipidemia. In addition, various endocrine dysfunctions including polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) and hypogonadism are involved in the development and progression of NAFLD. We need to know the disease pathophysiology more accurately due to the heterogeneity of clinical presentation of fatty liver disease. The liver is the major metabolic organ with sexual dimorphism. Sexual dimorphism is associated not only with behavioral differences between men and women, but also with physiological differences reflected in liver metabolism. In men, normal androgen levels prevent hepatic fat accumulation, whereas androgen deficiency induce hepatic steatosis. In women, higher androgens can increase the risk of NAFLD in PCOS. Sex hormone binding globulin (SHBG) is involved in androgen regulation. Recently, SHBG may be reported as a surrogate marker for NAFLD. Therefore, this review will focus on the mechanism of androgen dysfunction in the regulation of hepatic metabolism, the risk of developing NAFLD, and the potential role of SHBG in the course of NAFLD.; Keywords: Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, insulin resistance, sexual dimorphism, androgen, sex hormone binding globulin.
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Chua MWJ. High-Dose Liraglutide and SGLT2 Inhibitor: A Promising Combination. Clin Pract 2021; 12:1-7. [PMID: 35076486 PMCID: PMC8788265 DOI: 10.3390/clinpract12010001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2021] [Revised: 12/14/2021] [Accepted: 12/16/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Sodium-glucose co-transporter-2 (SGLT2) inhibitors and glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1) agonists are important drugs in our armamentarium of treatment for Type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM). In addition to their glucose-lowering effects, they have effects on weight, other metabolic diseases and perhaps most importantly, a cardioprotective and reno-protective effect. Liraglutide is a long-acting GLP-1 agonist which was originally used at 1.8 mg daily for the treatment of DM. However, high-dose liraglutide-liraglutide 3 mg daily, has been demonstrated to be a safe and effective treatment for obesity, with or without DM. In this manuscript, I present two patients who had unusual responses to combination therapy with high-dose liraglutide and SGLT2 inhibitor-marked and/or rapid improvement in glycemic control and weight loss. Drawing from the observations in both cases, I discuss the complementary mechanisms of actions of both drugs, review the clinical effects of combination therapy and distil them into clinical pearls of practical utility for the physician. Given the "clash of the two pandemics" of obesity and COVID-19 and the burgeoning rates of obesity which loom in the near horizon, this is most timely.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marvin Wei Jie Chua
- Endocrinology Service, Department of General Medicine, Sengkang General Hospital, 110 Sengkang East Way, Singapore 544886, Singapore
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Circulating oestradiol determines liver lipid deposition in rats fed standard diets partially unbalanced with higher lipid or protein proportions. Br J Nutr 2021; 128:1499-1508. [PMID: 34776031 PMCID: PMC9557166 DOI: 10.1017/s0007114521004505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
The ingestion of excess lipids often produces the accumulation of liver fat. The modulation of diet energy partition affects this process and other metabolic responses, and oestrogens and androgens are implied in this process. Ten-week-old male and female rats were fed with either standard rat chow (SD), SD enriched with coconut oil (high-fat diet, HF), SD enriched with protein (high-protein diet, HP) or a ‘cafeteria’ diet (CAF) for 1 month. HF and CAF diets provided the same lipid-derived percentage of energy (40 %), HP diet protein energy derived was twice (40 %) that of the SD. Animals were killed under anaesthesia and samples of blood and liver were obtained. Hepatic lipid content showed sex-related differences: TAG accumulation tended to increase in HF and CAF fed males. Cholesterol content was higher only in the CAF males. Plasma oestradiol in HF and HP males was higher than in CAF. Circulating cholesterol was inversely correlated with plasma oestradiol. These changes agreed with the differences in the expression of some enzymes related to lipid and energy metabolism, such as fatty acid synthetase or phosphoglycolate phosphatase. Oestrogen protective effects extend to males with ‘normal’ diets, that is, not unbalanced by either lipid or protein, but this protection was not enough against the CAF diet. Oestradiol seems to actively modulate the liver core of 2C-3C partition of energy substrates, regulating cholesterol deposition and lactate production.
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Sex dependent differences in oxidative stress in the heart of rats with type 2 diabetes. UKRAINIAN BIOCHEMICAL JOURNAL 2021. [DOI: 10.15407/ubj93.03.075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
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De Paoli M, Zakharia A, Werstuck GH. The Role of Estrogen in Insulin Resistance: A Review of Clinical and Preclinical Data. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2021; 191:1490-1498. [PMID: 34102108 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2021.05.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2021] [Revised: 05/10/2021] [Accepted: 05/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Insulin resistance results when peripheral tissues, including adipose, skeletal muscle, and liver, do not respond appropriately to insulin, causing the ineffective uptake of glucose. This represents a risk factor for the development of type 2 diabetes mellitus. Along with abdominal obesity, hypertension, high levels of triglycerides, and low levels of high-density lipoproteins, insulin resistance is a component of a condition known as the metabolic syndrome, which significantly increases the risk of developing cardiometabolic disorders. Accumulating evidence shows that biological sex has a major influence in the development of cardiometabolic disturbances, with females being more protected than males. This protection appears to be driven by female sex hormones (estrogens), as it tends to disappear with the onset of menopause but can be re-established with hormone replacement therapy. This review evaluates current knowledge on the protective role of estrogens in the relevant pathways associated with insulin resistance. The importance of increasing our understanding of sex as a biological variable in cardiometabolic research to promote the development of more effective preventative strategies is emphasized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monica De Paoli
- Thrombosis and Atherosclerosis Research Institute, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada; Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Alexander Zakharia
- Thrombosis and Atherosclerosis Research Institute, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada; Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Geoff H Werstuck
- Thrombosis and Atherosclerosis Research Institute, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada; Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada.
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Fourny N, Beauloye C, Bernard M, Horman S, Desrois M, Bertrand L. Sex Differences of the Diabetic Heart. Front Physiol 2021; 12:661297. [PMID: 34122133 PMCID: PMC8192974 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2021.661297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2021] [Accepted: 04/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes is a chronic disease associated with micro- and macro-vascular complications, including myocardial ischemia, and also with a specific and intrinsic cardiac dysfunction called diabetic cardiomyopathy (DCM). Both clinical and animal studies demonstrate significant sex differences in prevalence, pathophysiology, and outcomes of cardiovascular diseases (CVDs), including those associated with diabetes. The increased risk of CVDs with diabetes is higher in women compared to men with 50% higher risk of coronary artery diseases and increased mortality when exposed to acute myocardial infarction. Clinical studies also reveal a sexual dimorphism in the incidence and outcomes of DCM. Based on these clinical findings, growing experimental research was initiated to understand the impact of sex on CVDs associated with diabetes and to identify the molecular mechanisms involved. Endothelial dysfunction, atherosclerosis, coagulation, and fibrosis are mechanisms found to be sex-differentially modulated in the diabetic cardiovascular system. Recently, impairment of energy metabolism also emerged as a determinant of multiple CVDs associated with diabetes. Therefore, future studies should thoroughly analyze the sex-specific metabolic determinants to propose new therapeutic targets. With current medicine tending toward more personalized care of patients, we finally propose to discuss the importance of sex as determinant in the treatment of diabetes-associated cardiac diseases to promote a more systemic inclusion of both males and females in clinical and preclinical studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natacha Fourny
- Pôle de Recherche Cardiovasculaire, Institut de Recherche Expérimentale et Clinique, Université catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Christophe Beauloye
- Pôle de Recherche Cardiovasculaire, Institut de Recherche Expérimentale et Clinique, Université catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium.,Division of Cardiology, Cliniques Universitaires Saint-Luc, Université catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | | | - Sandrine Horman
- Pôle de Recherche Cardiovasculaire, Institut de Recherche Expérimentale et Clinique, Université catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | | | - Luc Bertrand
- Pôle de Recherche Cardiovasculaire, Institut de Recherche Expérimentale et Clinique, Université catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
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Emami MR, Safabakhsh M, Khorshidi M, Moradi Moghaddam O, Mohammed SH, Zarezadeh M, Alizadeh S. Effect of bariatric surgery on endogenous sex hormones and sex hormone-binding globulin levels: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Surg Obes Relat Dis 2021; 17:1621-1636. [PMID: 34187743 DOI: 10.1016/j.soard.2021.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2020] [Revised: 04/14/2021] [Accepted: 05/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Most studies have shown beneficial effect of bariatric surgery (BS) on serum levels of sex hormones. OBJECTIVE A systematic review and meta-analysis was conducted to examine the magnitude of possible changes in levels of sex hormones following BS. SETTINGS Electronic databases were searched, including PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and Embase, for relevant studies. METHODS The heterogeneity of the studies was examined by χ2 tests and the degree of heterogeneity was estimated using I2 statistic. RESULTS The results of pooled analyses revealed that BS caused a significant increase in luteinizing hormone (LH), follicular stimulating hormone (FSH), total testosterone (TT), and sex hormone binding globulin (SHBG) levels and conversely, decreased dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) and estradiol (E2) levels in males. For females, BS significantly increased LH, FSH, and SHBG levels and conversely, decreased androstenedione (AE), E2 and TT levels. Additionally, the level of progesterone (P), prolactin (PRL), free testosterone (FT) and dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate (DHEA-S) showed no significant changes in patients who had undergone BS. CONCLUSION BS changed most sex hormones levels including LH, FSH, TT, SHBG, AE, DHEA, and E2. It seems that BS is able to exert substantial impacts on sex hormones levels and as well as sexual function, however, larger, and more precise trials are required to specifically focus on these claims.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Reza Emami
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Maryam Safabakhsh
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Masoud Khorshidi
- Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition Research Center, Research Institute for Children's Health, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition Research Center, Research Institute for Children's Health, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Omid Moradi Moghaddam
- Trauma and Injury Research Center, Critical Care Medicine Department, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Shimels Hussien Mohammed
- Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences-International Campus, Tehran, Iran
| | - Meysam Zarezadeh
- Student Research Committee, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran; Nutrition Research Center, Department of Clinical Nutrition, School of Nutrition and Food Science, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
| | - Shahab Alizadeh
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Chaudhary P, Das-Earl P, Schreihofer AM. Preserved glycemic control and baroreflex efficacy in young adult hypertensive female obese Zucker rats. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 2021; 321:R62-R78. [PMID: 33978481 PMCID: PMC8321785 DOI: 10.1152/ajpregu.00341.2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Obese Zucker rats (OZRs) develop hypertension and hyperinsulinemia by 3 mo of age. Male OZRs also have diminished baroreflex-mediated activation of nucleus tractus solitarius (NTS) and bradycardia, which are improved by correcting their hyperglycemia. Conversely, 3-mo-old female OZRs and lean Zucker rats (LZRs) have equivalent baroreflex-mediated bradycardia that is impaired in 6-mo-old OZRs. We hypothesized that 3-mo-old female OZRs maintain NTS activation and baroreflexes coincident with glycemic control. We also hypothesized that 6-mo-old female OZRs develop impaired baroreflexes with hyperglycemia and diminished NTS activation. In 12- to 16-wk-old females, sympathetic nerve activity (SNA) and arterial pressure (AP) were higher in OZRs than LZRs. However, baroreflex-mediated inhibition of SNA and bradycardia were equivalent in female OZRs and LZRs. Unlike deficits in male OZRs, female OZRs and LZRs had no differences in phenylephrine-induced c-Fos expression in NTS or decreases in SNA and AP evoked by glutamate into NTS. Compared with hyperglycemia in male OZRs (217.9 ± 34.4 mg/dL), female OZRs had normal fed blood glucose levels (108.2 ± 1.6 mg/dL in LZRs and 113.6 ± 3.5 mg/dL in OZRs) with emerging glucose intolerance. Conscious 24- to 27-wk-old female OZRs had impaired baroreflex-mediated bradycardia, but fed blood glucose was modestly elevated (124.2 ± 5.2 mg/dL) and phenylephrine-induced c-Fos expression in NTS was comparable to LZRs. These data suggest that better glycemic control in 3-mo-old female OZRs prevents diminished NTS activation and baroreflexes, supporting the notion that hyperglycemia impairs these responses in male OZRs. However, 6-mo-old female OZRs had impaired baroreflex efficacy without diminished NTS activation or pronounced hyperglycemia, suggesting baroreflex deficits develop by different mechanisms in female and male OZRs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parul Chaudhary
- Department of Physiology and Anatomy, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, Texas
| | - Paromita Das-Earl
- Department of Physiology and Anatomy, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, Texas
| | - Ann M Schreihofer
- Department of Physiology and Anatomy, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, Texas
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Dutta SM, Chen G, Maiti S. Profiles of Two Glycaemia Modifying Drugs on the Expression of Rat and Human Sulfotransferases. Curr Drug Metab 2021; 22:240-248. [PMID: 33256575 DOI: 10.2174/1389200221666201130123837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2020] [Revised: 10/14/2020] [Accepted: 11/03/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
AIMS To study the effects of blood glucose regulating compounds on human and rat sulfotransferases (SULTs) expressions. BACKGROUND Phase-II enzymes, sulfotransferases catalyze the sulfuryl-group-transfer to endogenous/exogenous compounds. The alteration of expressions of SULTs may have influence on the sulfation of its substrate and other biomolecules. OBJECTIVES The influence of the altered biotransformation might alter different biochemical events, drug-drug interactions and bioaccumulation or excretion pattern of certain drug. METHODS In this brief study, diabetes-inducing drug streptozotocin (STZ; 10 or 50 mg/kg to male Sprague Dawley rat for 2 weeks) or hyperglycemia controlling drug tolbutamide (TLB 0.1 or 10μM to human hepato-carcinoma cells, HepG2 for 10 days) was applied and the SULTs expressions were verified. Extensive protein-protein (STa, SULT2A1/DHEAST) interactions were studied by the STRING (Search-Tool-for-the-Retrieval-of-Interacting Genes/Proteins) Bioinformatics-software. RESULTS Present result suggests that while STZ increased the STa (in rat) (dehydroepiandrosterone catalyzing SULT; DHEAST in human HepG2), tolbutamide decreased PPST (phenol catalyzing SULT) and DHEAST activity in human HepG2 cells. Moderate decreases of MPST (monoamine catalyzing SULT) and EST (estrogen catalyzing) activities are noticed in this case. STa/DHEAST was found to be highly interactive to SHBG/- sex-hormone-binding-globulin; PPARα/lipid-metabolism-regulator; FABP1/fatty-acid-binding-protein. CONCLUSION Streptozotocin and tolbutamide, these two glycaemia-modifying drugs demonstrated regulation of rat and human SULTs activities. The reciprocal nature of these two drugs on SULTs expression may be associated with their contrasting abilities in influencing glucose-homeostasis. Possible association of certain SULT-isoform with hepatic fat-regulations may indicate an unfocused link between calorie-metabolism and the glycemic-state of an individual. Explorations of this work may uncover the role of sulfation metabolism of specific biomolecule on cellular glycemic regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sangita M Dutta
- Department of Biological Sciences, Midnapore City College, Midnapore, West Bengal, India
| | - Guangping Chen
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Oklahoma State University, 264 McElroy Hall, Stillwater, OK 74078, United States
| | - Smarajit Maiti
- Cell and Molecular Therapeutics Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Oriental Institute of Science and Technology, Midnapore-721102, West Bengal, India
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Cajanolactone A, a stilbenoid from Cajanus cajan, inhibits energy intake and lipid synthesis/storage, and promotes energy expenditure in ovariectomized mice. Biomed Pharmacother 2021; 138:111491. [PMID: 33744755 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2021.111491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2020] [Revised: 03/06/2021] [Accepted: 03/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND We had reported that cajanolactone A (CLA) from Cajanus cajan dose-dependently inhibited ovariectomy-induced obesity and liver steatosis in mice, showing potential to prevent postmenopausal obesity and fatty liver. In this study, the role of CLA in the regulation of energy and lipid homeostasis was investigated. METHODS Ovariectomized mice treated with CLA or vehicle for 12 weeks were performed a 48 h monitoring for energy metabolism and food uptake. After that, hypothalami, perigonadal (pWATs), inguinal (iWATs) and brown (BATs) adipose tissues, livers, sera, and fecal and cecal contents were collected and analyzed. FINDINGS In CLA-treated mice, we observed reduced food uptake; increased energy expenditure; inhibited expression of orexigenic genes (ORX, ORXR2, pMCH and Gal) in the hypothalami, of lipogenic genes (CD36, SREBP-1c, ChREBP, PPARγ) in the livers, and of lipid storage proteins in the WATs (FSP27, MEST and caveolin-1) and livers (FSP27, Plin2 and Plin5); stimulated expression of metabolism-related proteins (pATGL and Echs1) in the adipose tissues and of thermogenic protein (UCP1) in the inguinal WATs; increased BAT content; increased mitochondria in the pWATs and livers; inhibited angiogenesis in the pWATs; and altered gut microbiome diversity with an increased abundance of Bacteroides. INTERPRETATION CLA prevents ovariectomy-induced obesity and liver steatosis via regulating energy intake and lipid synthesis/storage, promoting UCP1-dependent heat production, and protecting the mitochondrial function of hepatocytes and adipocytes. The improved gut microecology and inhibited angiogenesis may also contribute to the anti-obese activity of CLA.
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Shi J, Wang Z, Zhang W, Niu Y, Lin N, Li X, Zhang H, Ning G, Fan J, Qin L, Su Q, Yang Z. Neck circumference as an independent predictor for NAFLD among postmenopausal women with normal body mass index. Nutr Metab (Lond) 2021; 18:30. [PMID: 33731171 PMCID: PMC7967966 DOI: 10.1186/s12986-021-00562-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2020] [Accepted: 03/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Neck circumference, a proxy for upper-body subcutaneous fat, is a unique and pathogenic fat depot that confers additional metabolic risk. The purpose of present study was to determine whether neck circumference associates with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) in postmenopausal women with normal body mass index. Methods A cross-sectional survey (n = 2492) and a 3.1-year follow-up investigation (n = 1354) were conducted among Chinese postmenopausal women with normal BMI (18.5 to < 25 kg/m2). Neck circumference was measured horizontally at the lower margin of the laryngeal prominence. Results In the cross-sectional analysis, large neck circumference was associated with the presence of NAFLD (odds ratio 2.28; 95% CI 1.74–2.98; highest tertile versus lowest tertile) after adjustment for confounding factors. Among 1354 subjects without the NAFLD at baseline, 429 (31.7%) incident NAFLD cases occurred at 3.1 years. Neck circumference was positively associated with triglycerides, homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance, C-reactive protein, and negatively associated with high-density lipoprotein cholesterol and adiponectin. Individuals with large baseline neck circumference had a significantly higher risk of NAFLD than those with small neck circumference. The multivariable adjusted hazard ratio was 1.42 (95% CI 1.15–1.97; p for trend = 0.004) for the highest versus the lowest tertile of neck circumference, and was 1.22 (95% CI 1.10–1.41; p = 0.006) per 1-standard deviation increment in neck circumference. Conclusions Among postmenopausal women with normal BMI, relatively large neck circumference levels are associated with an increased risk of NAFLD. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12986-021-00562-3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Shi
- Department of Endocrinology, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Zixuan Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Children's Digestion and Nutrition, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Weiwei Zhang
- Department of Endocrinology, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yixin Niu
- Department of Endocrinology, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Ning Lin
- Department of Endocrinology, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaoyong Li
- Department of Endocrinology, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Hongmei Zhang
- Department of Endocrinology, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Guang Ning
- Shanghai National Clinical Research Center for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Key Laboratory for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases of the National Health Commission of the PR China, Shanghai Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jiangao Fan
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Children's Digestion and Nutrition, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
| | - Li Qin
- Department of Endocrinology, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
| | - Qing Su
- Department of Endocrinology, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
| | - Zhen Yang
- Department of Endocrinology, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
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