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Ye H, Yang X, Feng B, Luo P, Torres Irizarry VC, Carrillo-Sáenz L, Yu M, Yang Y, Eappen BP, Munoz MD, Patel N, Schaul S, Ibrahimi L, Lai P, Qi X, Zhou Y, Kota M, Dixit D, Mun M, Liew CW, Jiang Y, Wang C, He Y, Xu P. 27-Hydroxycholesterol acts on estrogen receptor α expressed by POMC neurons in the arcuate nucleus to modulate feeding behavior. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2024; 10:eadi4746. [PMID: 38996023 PMCID: PMC11244552 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.adi4746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2023] [Accepted: 02/05/2024] [Indexed: 07/14/2024]
Abstract
Oxysterols are metabolites of cholesterol that regulate cholesterol homeostasis. Among these, the most abundant oxysterol is 27-hydroxycholesterol (27HC), which can cross the blood-brain barrier. Because 27HC functions as an endogenous selective estrogen receptor modulator, we hypothesize that 27HC binds to the estrogen receptor α (ERα) in the brain to regulate energy balance. Supporting this view, we found that delivering 27HC to the brain reduced food intake and activated proopiomelanocortin (POMC) neurons in the arcuate nucleus of the hypothalamus (POMCARH) in an ERα-dependent manner. In addition, we observed that inhibiting brain ERα, deleting ERα in POMC neurons, or chemogenetic inhibition of POMCARH neurons blocked the anorexigenic effects of 27HC. Mechanistically, we further revealed that 27HC stimulates POMCARH neurons by inhibiting the small conductance of the calcium-activated potassium (SK) channel. Together, our findings suggest that 27HC, through its interaction with ERα and modulation of the SK channel, inhibits food intake as a negative feedback mechanism against a surge in circulating cholesterol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Ye
- School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 639798, Singapore
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, The University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| | - Xiaohua Yang
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, The University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
- Guangdong Laboratory of Lingnan Modern Agriculture and Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Animal Nutritional Regulation, National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, 483 Wushan Road, Tianhe District, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510642, China
| | - Bing Feng
- Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70808, USA
| | - Pei Luo
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, The University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
- Guangdong Laboratory of Lingnan Modern Agriculture and Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Animal Nutritional Regulation, National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, 483 Wushan Road, Tianhe District, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510642, China
| | - Valeria C. Torres Irizarry
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, The University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, The University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| | - Leslie Carrillo-Sáenz
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, The University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, The University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| | - Meng Yu
- Children’s Nutrition Research Center, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Yongjie Yang
- Children’s Nutrition Research Center, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Benjamin P. Eappen
- Children’s Nutrition Research Center, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Marcos David Munoz
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, The University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| | - Nirali Patel
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, The University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| | - Sarah Schaul
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, The University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| | - Lucas Ibrahimi
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, The University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| | - Penghua Lai
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, The University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| | - Xinyue Qi
- School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 639798, Singapore
| | - Yuliang Zhou
- School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 639798, Singapore
| | - Maya Kota
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, The University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| | - Devin Dixit
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, The University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| | - Madeline Mun
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, The University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| | - Chong Wee Liew
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, The University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, The University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| | - Yuwei Jiang
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, The University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, The University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| | - Chunmei Wang
- Children’s Nutrition Research Center, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Yanlin He
- Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70808, USA
| | - Pingwen Xu
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, The University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, The University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
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Barón-Mendoza I, Martínez-Marcial M, García-Juárez M, Mejía-Hernández M, Cortés-Sánchez Y, Zamora-Sánchez CJ, García-Rebollar JO, Chavira-Ramírez R, Ordaz-Rosado D, Camacho-Arroyo I, Tecamachalzi-Silvarán MB, Montes-Narváez O, González-Flores O, García-Becerra R, González-Arenas A. Disruptions in reproductive health, sex hormonal profiles, and hypothalamic hormone receptors content in females of the C58/J mouse model of autism. Horm Behav 2024; 164:105593. [PMID: 38909429 DOI: 10.1016/j.yhbeh.2024.105593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2024] [Revised: 06/12/2024] [Accepted: 06/14/2024] [Indexed: 06/25/2024]
Abstract
Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is characterized by differences in social communication and interaction, as well as areas of focused interests and/or repetitive behaviors. Recent studies have highlighted a higher prevalence of endocrine and reproductive disturbances among females on the autism spectrum, hinting at potential disruptions within the hypothalamus-pituitary-ovary (HPO) axis. This research aims to explore the reproductive health disparities in ASD using an animal model of autism, the C58/J inbred mouse strain, with a focus on reproductive performance and hormonal profiles compared to the C57BL/6J control strain. Our findings revealed that the estrous cycle in C58/J females is disrupted, as evidenced by a lower frequency of complete cycles and a lack of cyclical release of estradiol and progesterone compared to control mice. C58/J females also exhibited poor performance in several reproductive parameters, including reproductive lifespan and fertility index. Furthermore, estrogen receptor alpha content showed a marked decrease in the hypothalamus of C58/J mice. These alterations in the estrous cycle, hormonal imbalances, and reduced reproductive function imply dysregulation in the HPO axis. Additionally, our in-silico study identified a group of genes involved in infertility carrying single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the C58/J strain, which also have human orthologs associated with autism. These findings could offer valuable insights into the molecular underpinnings of neuroendocrine axis disruption and reproductive issues observed in ASD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabel Barón-Mendoza
- Departamento de Medicina Genómica y Toxicología Ambiental, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México, México
| | - Mónica Martínez-Marcial
- Departamento de Medicina Genómica y Toxicología Ambiental, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México, México
| | - Marcos García-Juárez
- Centro de Investigación en Reproducción Animal, Universidad Autónoma de Tlaxcala-CINVESTAV, Tlaxcala, México
| | - Montserrat Mejía-Hernández
- Departamento de Medicina Genómica y Toxicología Ambiental, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México, México
| | - Yesenia Cortés-Sánchez
- Departamento de Medicina Genómica y Toxicología Ambiental, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México, México
| | - Carmen J Zamora-Sánchez
- Unidad de Investigación en Reproducción Humana, Instituto Nacional de Perinatología-Facultad de Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, México
| | - Jorge Omar García-Rebollar
- Departamento de Medicina Genómica y Toxicología Ambiental, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México, México
| | - Roberto Chavira-Ramírez
- Departamento de Biología de la Reproducción Dr. Carlos Gual Castro, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, 14080 Ciudad de México, México
| | - David Ordaz-Rosado
- Departamento de Biología de la Reproducción Dr. Carlos Gual Castro, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, 14080 Ciudad de México, México
| | - Ignacio Camacho-Arroyo
- Unidad de Investigación en Reproducción Humana, Instituto Nacional de Perinatología-Facultad de Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, México
| | | | - Omar Montes-Narváez
- Centro de Investigación en Reproducción Animal, Universidad Autónoma de Tlaxcala-CINVESTAV, Tlaxcala, México
| | - Oscar González-Flores
- Centro de Investigación en Reproducción Animal, Universidad Autónoma de Tlaxcala-CINVESTAV, Tlaxcala, México
| | - Rocío García-Becerra
- Departamento de Biología Molecular y Biotecnología, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México, México
| | - Aliesha González-Arenas
- Departamento de Medicina Genómica y Toxicología Ambiental, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México, México.
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Francis EC, Oken E, Hivert MF, Rifas-Shiman SL, Chavarro JE, Perng W. Antimüllerian hormone and adiposity across midlife among women in Project Viva. Menopause 2023; 30:247-253. [PMID: 36728523 PMCID: PMC9974681 DOI: 10.1097/gme.0000000000002143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study aimed to examine the association of antimüllerian hormone (AMH) with concurrent and prospective measures of adiposity during approximately 9 years of follow-up. METHODS Participants were 697 parous women from the Project Viva prebirth cohort without polycystic ovarian syndrome. We measured AMH at approximately 3 years postpartum (baseline). Outcomes were weight, body mass index (BMI), and waist circumference assessed at baseline, 4, and 9 years later; % body fat was assessed by bioimpedance at the 4- and 9-year visit. We used linear mixed-effect models including all outcome time points and accounting for age across follow-up and hormonal contraception prescription. In an additional model, we further adjusted for height. RESULTS Median AMH was 1.97 ng/mL (interquartile range, 0.83-4.36 ng/mL), 29.1% had AMH <1.0 ng/mL, and mean age at AMH measurement was 36.7 years (SD, 4.9 y; range, 20-48 y). AMH was inversely associated with average weight, BMI, and waist circumference over follow-up. In age-adjusted models, women with AMH <1.0 versus ≥1.0 ng/mL were 4.92 kg (95% CI, 2.01-7.82 kg) heavier, had a 2.51 cm (95% CI, 0.12-4.89 cm) greater waist circumference, and a 1.46 kg/m 2 (95% CI, 0.44-2.48 kg/m 2 ) greater BMI across the 9 years of follow-up. Findings were similar after covariate adjustment and when AMH was modeled continuously. AMH was also inversely associated with higher fat mass %; however, the CI crossed the null. CONCLUSION Low AMH at baseline was associated with greater adiposity concurrently and across approximately 9 years of follow-up. Whether low AMH is a useful marker of metabolic risk across midlife requires further research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ellen C Francis
- From the Lifecourse Epidemiology of Adiposity and Diabetes Center, Colorado School of Public Health, University of Colorado Denver, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO
| | | | | | - Sheryl L Rifas-Shiman
- Division of Chronic Disease Research Across the Lifecourse, Department of Population Medicine, Harvard Medical School, and Harvard Pilgrim Health Care Institute, Landmark Center, Boston, MA
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Iqbal A, Hamid A, Ahmad SM, Lutfy K. The Role of Mu Opioid Receptors in High Fat Diet-Induced Reward and Potentiation of the Rewarding Effect of Oxycodone. Life (Basel) 2023; 13:life13030619. [PMID: 36983775 PMCID: PMC10055773 DOI: 10.3390/life13030619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2023] [Revised: 02/16/2023] [Accepted: 02/20/2023] [Indexed: 02/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Excessive high fat diet (HFD) consumption can induce food addiction, which is believed to involve the communication between the hypothalamus and mesolimbic dopaminergic neurons, originating in the ventral tegmental area (VTA) and projecting to the nucleus accumbens (NAc). These brain areas are densely populated with opioid receptors, raising the possibility that these receptors, and particularly mu opioid receptors (MORs), are involved in rewards elicited by palatable food. This study sought to investigate the involvement of MORs in HFD-induced reward and if there is any difference between male and female subjects in this response. We also assessed if exposure to HFD would alter the rewarding action of oxycodone, a relatively selective MOR agonist. The place conditioning paradigm was used as an animal model of reward to determine if short-time (STC, 2 h) or long-time (LTC, 16 h) conditioning with HFD induces reward or alters the rewarding action of oxycodone. Male and female C57BL/6J mice as well as MOR knockout and their wildtype littermates of both sexes were tested for basal place preference on day 1 and then conditioned with an HFD in one chamber and a regular chow diet (RCD) in another chamber for 2 h on alternate days. Three sets of STC were used, followed by a set of LTC. Each set of conditioning consisted of two conditioning with RCD and two conditioning with HFD. Mice were tested for place preference after each set of STC and again after LTC. Controls were conditioned with RCD in both conditioning chambers. Following the last place preference test, mice were treated with oxycodone and conditioned in the HFD-paired chamber and with saline in the RCD-paired chamber for one hour once a day to explore the possibility if the HFD could alter oxycodone reward. The result showed that HFD induced conditioned place preference (CPP) in male but not female subjects. However, oxycodone conditioning elicited reward in both male and female mice of the HFD group but not the control group, showing that prior conditioning with HFD potentiated the rewarding action of oxycodone. The latter response was mediated via MORs, as it was blunted in MOR knockout mice. Similarly, HFD-induced CPP was blunted in male MOR knockout mice, suggesting sexual dimorphism in this response.
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Estrous Cycle Mediates Midbrain Neuron Excitability Altering Social Behavior upon Stress. J Neurosci 2023; 43:736-748. [PMID: 36549906 PMCID: PMC9899085 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.1504-22.2022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2022] [Revised: 11/18/2022] [Accepted: 12/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The estrous cycle is a potent modulator of neuron physiology. In rodents, in vivo ventral tegmental area (VTA) dopamine (DA) activity has been shown to fluctuate across the estrous cycle. Although the behavioral effect of fluctuating sex steroids on the reward circuit is well studied in response to drugs of abuse, few studies have focused on the molecular adaptations in the context of stress and motivated social behaviors. We hypothesized that estradiol fluctuations across the estrous cycle acts on the dopaminergic activity of the VTA to alter excitability and stress response. We used whole-cell slice electrophysiology of VTA DA neurons in naturally cycling, adult female C57BL/6J mice to characterize the effects of the estrous cycle and the role of 17β-estradiol on neuronal activity. We show that the estrous phase alters the effect of 17β-estradiol on excitability in the VTA. Behaviorally, the estrous phase during a series of acute variable social stressors modulates subsequent reward-related behaviors. Pharmacological inhibition of estrogen receptors in the VTA before stress during diestrus mimics the stress susceptibility found during estrus, whereas increased potassium channel activity in the VTA before stress reverses stress susceptibility found during estrus as assessed by social interaction behavior. This study identifies one possible potassium channel mechanism underlying the increased DA activity during estrus and reveals estrogen-dependent changes in neuronal function. Our findings demonstrate that the estrous cycle and estrogen signaling changes the physiology of DA neurons resulting in behavioral differences when the reward circuit is challenged with stress.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT The activity of the ventral tegmental area encodes signals of stress and reward. Dopaminergic activity has been found to be regulated by both local synaptic inputs as well as inputs from other brain regions. Here, we provide evidence that cycling sex steroids also play a role in modulating stress sensitivity of dopaminergic reward behavior. Specifically, we reveal a correlation of ionic activity with estrous phase, which influences the behavioral response to stress. These findings shed new light on how estrous cycle may influence dopaminergic activity primarily during times of stress perturbation.
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Cisneros-Larios B, Elias CF. Sex differences in the coexpression of prokineticin receptor 2 and gonadal steroids receptors in mice. Front Neuroanat 2023; 16:1057727. [PMID: 36686573 PMCID: PMC9853983 DOI: 10.3389/fnana.2022.1057727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2022] [Accepted: 12/20/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Loss-of-function mutations in prokineticin 2 (PROK2) and the cognate receptor prokineticin receptor 2 (PROKR2) genes have been implicated in reproductive deficits characteristic of Kallmann Syndrome (KS). Knock out of Prokr2 gene produces the KS-like phenotype in mice resulting in impaired migration of gonadotropin releasing hormone (GnRH) neurons, olfactory bulb dysgenesis, and infertility. Beyond a developmental role, pharmacological and genetic studies have implicated PROKR2 in the control of the estrous cycle in mice. However, PROKR2 is expressed in several reproductive control sites but the brain nuclei associated with reproductive control in adult mice have not been defined. We set out to determine if ProkR2 neurons in both male and female mouse brains directly sense changes in the gonadal steroids milieu. We focused on estrogen receptor α (ERα) and androgen receptor (AR) due to their well-described function in reproductive control via actions in the brain. We found that the ProkR2-Cre neurons in the posterior nucleus of the amygdala have the highest colocalization with ERα and AR in a sex-specific manner. Few colocalization was found in the lateral septum and in the bed nucleus of the stria terminalis, and virtually no colocalization was observed in the medial amygdala. Our findings indicate that the posterior nucleus of the amygdala is the main site where PROKR2 neurons may regulate aspects of the reproductive function and social behavior in adult mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brenda Cisneros-Larios
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
- Elizabeth W. Caswell Diabetes Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | - Carol Fuzeti Elias
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
- Elizabeth W. Caswell Diabetes Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
- Neuroscience Graduate Program, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
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Liu Q, Shen Y, Xiong Y, Bai J, Zhang Y, Li C. Comparative Efficacy of AZD9496 and Fulvestrant on the Growth of Pituitary Adenoma via Blocking JAK2/STAT5B Pathway. J Cancer 2023; 14:61-71. [PMID: 36605480 PMCID: PMC9809331 DOI: 10.7150/jca.79726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2022] [Accepted: 11/26/2022] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Total 158 gonadotropin-type pituitary adenoma tissue specimens were collected and the expression of ESR1 in gonadotropin-type pituitary adenoma and its association with the overall survival of patients were analyzed. Transcriptome-sequencing data containing 79 cases of gonadotropin-type pituitary adenoma was used to search for all ESR1-related genes. KEGG pathway enrichment analysis was performed to identify the altering pathway and targeting genes. The in vitro and in vivo pituitary models were used to evaluate the therapeutic efficacy of estrogen receptor (ER) inhibitors AZD9496 and fulvestrant. The mechanism of AZD9496 and fulvestrant in suppressing pituitary adenoma were also investigated. Low-level ESR1 had longer progression-free survival (PFS) in pituitary adenoma patients. ErbB signaling pathway was discovered as the main enriched pathway. Furthermore, the STAT5B gene was identified as a key ESR-1-related gene. The expression of STAT5B was significantly positively correlated with ESR1 expression in the pituitary adenoma. AZD9496, a novel ER inhibitor, exhibited a potent inhibitory effect on the growth of in vitro and in vivo pituitary adenoma cells, and its efficacy is comparable to the classic ER inhibitor, fulvestrant. Mechanically, the AZD9496 and fulvestrant significantly blocked JAK2/STAT5B pathway in GT1-1 cells and xenograft mice. Our results provide substantial evidence for the subsequent clinical use of AZD9496 in the treatment of patients with pituitary adenoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Liu
- Beijing Neurosurgical Institute, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100070, China
| | - Yutao Shen
- Beijing Neurosurgical Institute, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100070, China
| | - Yujia Xiong
- Beijing Neurosurgical Institute, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100070, China
| | - Jiwei Bai
- Beijing Neurosurgical Institute, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100070, China.,Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100070, China
| | - Yazhuo Zhang
- Beijing Neurosurgical Institute, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100070, China.,Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100070, China.,✉ Corresponding authors: Yazhuo Zhang, E-mail address: ; Chuzhong Li, E-mail address:
| | - Chuzhong Li
- Beijing Neurosurgical Institute, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100070, China.,✉ Corresponding authors: Yazhuo Zhang, E-mail address: ; Chuzhong Li, E-mail address:
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Madalena IR, Marañón-Vásquez GA, Omori MA, de Sousa ET, da Silveira HA, León JE, Baratto-Filho F, Alves SYF, Stuani MBS, Nelson-Filho P, Kirschneck C, Küchler EC. Evaluation of tooth eruption rate of incisor teeth in rats with estrogen deficiency. Clin Oral Investig 2023; 27:345-352. [PMID: 36260168 DOI: 10.1007/s00784-022-04738-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2021] [Accepted: 10/02/2022] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To assess the influence of estrogen deficiency on tooth eruption rate (TER) and gene expression of estrogen receptor alpha and beta (ERα and ERβ) in the odontogenic region of teeth with continuous formation in a rat model. MATERIALS AND METHODS Ovariectomies (OVX; n = 25) and sham surgeries (SHAM; n = 25) were performed in female Wistar rats when animals were 25 days old. The TER of the lower incisors, both in impeded (hyperfunction condition) and unimpeded (trimmed incisal edge-hypofunction condition) conditions, was evaluated using standardized digital photographs acquired every 48-72 h for 3 weeks (35th-53rd day of life), using a camera coupled to a stereomicroscope. Quantitative real-time PCR was performed to evaluate the relative gene expression of ERα and ERβ in the odontogenic region. RESULTS The OVX group showed a significant reduction in TER when compared to the SHAM group, only in the impeded condition (p = 0.03). There was no statistically significant difference between the groups in ERα gene expression (p = 0.33). ERβ showed a significantly higher gene expression in the OVX group (p ≤ 0.05). CONCLUSIONS Estrogen deficiency decreases TER in teeth under impeded condition. Estrogen deficiency also increases ERβ gene expression in the odontogenic region of teeth with continuous formation. CLINICAL RELEVANCE Hormonal disturbances affecting estrogen levels can cause alterations in dental formation and teeth eruption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabela Ribeiro Madalena
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, School of Dentistry of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Avenida Do Café S/N, Campus da USP, Ribeirão Preto, SP, 14040-904, Brazil
| | - Guido Artemio Marañón-Vásquez
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry and Orthodontics, School of Dentistry, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Cidade Universitária, Rua Prof. Rodolpho Paulo Rocco 325, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 21941-617, Brazil
| | - Marjorie Ayumi Omori
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, School of Dentistry of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Avenida Do Café S/N, Campus da USP, Ribeirão Preto, SP, 14040-904, Brazil
| | - Emerson Tavares de Sousa
- Department of Health Sciences and Pediatric Dentistry, Piracicaba Dental School, University of Campinas, Avenida Limeira 901, Areião, Piracicaba, SP, 13414-903, Brazil
| | - Heitor Albergoni da Silveira
- Department of Diagnosis and Surgery, Araraquara Dental School, São Paulo State University, Rua Humaitá, Araraquara, CentroSP, 168014801-903, Brazil
| | - Jorge Esquiche León
- Department of Stomatology, Public Health and Forensic Dentistry, School of Dentistry of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Avenida Do Café S/N, Campus da USP, Ribeirão Preto, SP, 14040-904, Brazil
| | - Flares Baratto-Filho
- School of Dentistry, University of the Joinville Region, Rua Paulo Malschitzki, s/n, Joinville, SC, 89219-710, Brazil
| | - Sandra Yasuyo Fukada Alves
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Avenida Do Café S/N, Campus da USP, Ribeirão Preto, SP, 14040-904, Brazil
| | - Maria Bernadete Sasso Stuani
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, School of Dentistry of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Avenida Do Café S/N, Campus da USP, Ribeirão Preto, SP, 14040-904, Brazil
| | - Paulo Nelson-Filho
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, School of Dentistry of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Avenida Do Café S/N, Campus da USP, Ribeirão Preto, SP, 14040-904, Brazil
| | - Christian Kirschneck
- Department of Orthodontics, University Medical Centre of Regensburg, Franz-Josef-Strauss-Allee 11, 93053, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Erika Calvano Küchler
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, School of Dentistry of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Avenida Do Café S/N, Campus da USP, Ribeirão Preto, SP, 14040-904, Brazil. .,Department of Orthodontics, University Medical Centre of Regensburg, Franz-Josef-Strauss-Allee 11, 93053, Regensburg, Germany.
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Aşikgarip N, Temel E, Örnek K. Assessment of choroidal vascularity index during the menstrual cycle. Eur J Ophthalmol 2022; 32:2740-2746. [PMID: 34751043 DOI: 10.1177/11206721211057685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To explore the effect of menstrual cycle on choroidal vascularity index (CVI). METHODS Thirty six eyes of 36 healthy women were included in this prospective study. The menstrual cycles were regular and ranged from 28 to 30 days in length. Optical coherence tomography images were obtained in 3 different phases of the menstrual cycle. The choroidal thickness (CT), total choroidal area, luminal area, stromal area, and CVI were quantified. RESULTS Mean subfoveal, nasal and temporal CT were significantly changed in mid-luteal phase in comparison to early follicular (p = 0.018, p = 0.006 and p = 0.001, respectively) and ovulatory phases (p = 0.037, p = 0.037, and p = 0.035, respectively). Mean CVI showed a significant change in mid-luteal phase when compared with early follicular (p = 0.001) and ovulatory phases (p = 0.036). CONCLUSION CVI seemed to be affected in mid-luteal phase of menstrual cycle. This should be considered while analyzing choroidal structure in otherwise healthy women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nazife Aşikgarip
- Department of Opthalmology, Kırşehir Ahi Evran Training and Research Hospital, Kırşehir, Turkey
| | - Emine Temel
- Department of Opthalmology, Kırşehir Ahi Evran Training and Research Hospital, Kırşehir, Turkey
| | - Kemal Örnek
- Department of Opthalmology, 187470Kırşehir Ahi Evran University School of Medicine, Kırşehir, Turkey
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10
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Haque N, Tischkau SA. Sexual Dimorphism in Adipose-Hypothalamic Crosstalk and the Contribution of Aryl Hydrocarbon Receptor to Regulate Energy Homeostasis. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23147679. [PMID: 35887027 PMCID: PMC9322714 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23147679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2022] [Revised: 07/08/2022] [Accepted: 07/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
There are fundamental sex differences in the regulation of energy homeostasis. Better understanding of the underlying mechanisms of energy balance that account for this asymmetry will assist in developing sex-specific therapies for sexually dimorphic diseases such as obesity. Multiple organs, including the hypothalamus and adipose tissue, play vital roles in the regulation of energy homeostasis, which are regulated differently in males and females. Various neuronal populations, particularly within the hypothalamus, such as arcuate nucleus (ARC), can sense nutrient content of the body by the help of peripheral hormones such leptin, derived from adipocytes, to regulate energy homeostasis. This review summarizes how adipose tissue crosstalk with homeostatic network control systems in the brain, which includes energy regulatory regions and the hypothalamic–pituitary axis, contribute to energy regulation in a sex-specific manner. Moreover, development of obesity is contingent upon diet and environmental factors. Substances from diet and environmental contaminants can exert insidious effects on energy metabolism, acting peripherally through the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR). Developmental AhR activation can impart permanent alterations of neuronal development that can manifest a number of sex-specific physiological changes, which sometimes become evident only in adulthood. AhR is currently being investigated as a potential target for treating obesity. The consensus is that impaired function of the receptor protects from obesity in mice. AhR also modulates sex steroid receptors, and hence, one of the objectives of this review is to explain why investigating sex differences while examining this receptor is crucial. Overall, this review summarizes sex differences in the regulation of energy homeostasis imparted by the adipose–hypothalamic axis and examines how this axis can be affected by xenobiotics that signal through AhR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nazmul Haque
- Department of Pharmacology, Southern Illinois University School of Medicine, Springfield, IL 62702, USA;
| | - Shelley A. Tischkau
- Department of Pharmacology, Southern Illinois University School of Medicine, Springfield, IL 62702, USA;
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Immunology and Cell Biology, Southern Illinois University School of Medicine, Springfield, IL 62702, USA
- Correspondence:
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11
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Rapid and Lasting Effects of Activating BDNF-Expressing PVH Neurons on Energy Balance. eNeuro 2022; 9:ENEURO.0009-22.2022. [PMID: 35338053 PMCID: PMC8994543 DOI: 10.1523/eneuro.0009-22.2022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2022] [Revised: 02/15/2022] [Accepted: 03/03/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and its receptor, tropomyosin receptor kinase B (TrkB), are implicit in causing obesity. Mutations that reduce BDNF and TrkB expression are associated with obesity in humans and mice. Recently, it was reported that Bdnf gene deletion in the neurons of the paraventricular hypothalamus (PVH) caused positive energy balance and severe obesity in the form of hyperphagia, impaired adaptive thermogenesis, and decreased energy expenditure. Thus, we hypothesize that activation of these neurons will have the opposite effect and provide an opportunity for long-lasting obesity treatment. To specifically activate BDNF-expressing PVH (PVHBDNF) neurons, we injected Cre-dependent adeno-associated virus (AAV) expressing the excitatory DREADD hM3Dq bilaterally into the PVH of Bdnf2A-Cre/+ knock-in mice and then administered clozapine-N-oxide (CNO). Using this technique, we demonstrated that acute activation of these neurons rapidly decreased normal nocturnal feeding and fasting-induced feeding in male and female mice. At thermoneutral temperatures, acute activation also rapidly increased adaptive thermogenesis, increased core body temperature, increased locomotion, increased energy expenditure, and decreased respiratory exchange ratio (RER) in male and female mice. These observations indicate that acute stimulation of PVHBDNF neurons promotes negative energy balance and weight loss. However, the rapid decrease in RER after activation of PVHBDNF neurons was followed by a delayed and prolonged increase in RER that remained elevated for 3 d in female mice. Thus, although acute activation of PVHBDNF neurons promotes negative energy balance in the short term, long-term effects of activation include sexually dimorphic overcompensatory mechanisms that may promote positive energy balance in female mice.
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12
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Estrogenic Action in Stress-Induced Neuroendocrine Regulation of Energy Homeostasis. Cells 2022; 11:cells11050879. [PMID: 35269500 PMCID: PMC8909319 DOI: 10.3390/cells11050879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2021] [Revised: 02/16/2022] [Accepted: 02/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Estrogens are among important contributing factors to many sex differences in neuroendocrine regulation of energy homeostasis induced by stress. Research in this field is warranted since chronic stress-related psychiatric and metabolic disturbances continue to be top health concerns, and sex differences are witnessed in these aspects. For example, chronic stress disrupts energy homeostasis, leading to negative consequences in the regulation of emotion and metabolism. Females are known to be more vulnerable to the psychological consequences of stress, such as depression and anxiety, whereas males are more vulnerable to the metabolic consequences of stress. Sex differences that exist in the susceptibility to various stress-induced disorders have led researchers to hypothesize that gonadal hormones are regulatory factors that should be considered in stress studies. Further, estrogens are heavily recognized for their protective effects on metabolic dysregulation, such as anti-obesogenic and glucose-sensing effects. Perturbations to energy homeostasis using laboratory rodents, such as physiological stress or over-/under- feeding dietary regimen prevalent in today’s society, offer hints to the underlying mechanisms of estrogenic actions. Metabolic effects of estrogens primarily work through estrogen receptor α (ERα), which is differentially expressed between the sexes in hypothalamic nuclei regulating energy metabolism and in extrahypothalamic limbic regions that are not typically associated with energy homeostasis. In this review, we discuss estrogenic actions implicated in stress-induced sex-distinct metabolic disorders.
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13
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Sievers W, Kettle C, Green RA, Van Schaik L, Hale MW, Irving HR, Whelan DR, Rathner JA. The effect of estrogen on brown adipose tissue activity in male rats. BMC Res Notes 2022; 15:28. [PMID: 35135593 PMCID: PMC8822813 DOI: 10.1186/s13104-022-05910-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2021] [Accepted: 01/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective Centrally administered estrogen can increase sympathetic nerve activity to brown adipose tissue, resulting in thermogenesis. The central thermogenic effects of estrogen have not been investigated in males. Therefore, this study sought to investigate the effects of peripherally and centrally administered estrogen on thermogenesis, heart rate and mean arterial pressure in male rats. Thermogenesis was assessed by monitoring brown adipose tissue temperature. Results Peripherally administered estrogen elicited no significant effect on brown adipose tissue temperature, heart rate or mean arterial pressure. Centrally administered estrogen elicited a coincident increase in both brown adipose tissue and core temperature. Centrally administered estrogen also resulted in a decrease in mean arterial pressure but had no effect on heart rate. With the present data it is not possible to elucidate whether changes in temperature were the result of thermogenic or thermoregulatory mechanisms. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s13104-022-05910-x.
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14
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Fan J, Jiang Y, Qiang J, Han B, Zhang Q. Associations of Fat Mass and Fat Distribution With Bone Mineral Density in Non-Obese Postmenopausal Chinese Women Over 60 Years Old. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2022; 13:829867. [PMID: 35145487 PMCID: PMC8821148 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2022.829867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2021] [Accepted: 01/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Bone mineral density (BMD) loss is a major complication of menopause, and this loss is closely associated with Fat mass (FM). The relationship between FM, fat distribution (FD), and BMD in postmenopausal women, however, remains incompletely understood. The present study was thus developed to explore these associations between body fat accumulation, FD, and BMD among non-obese postmenopausal women over the age of 60. METHODS This was a cross-sectional analysis of 357 healthy postmenopausal women between the ages of 60.2 and 86.7 years. Dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) was utilized to measure total and regional BMD as well as fat-related parameters including total FM, android and gynoid fat, body fat percentage (BF%), and total lean mass (LM) for all subjects. The android-to-gynoid fat ratio (AOI) was used to assess FD. Pearson's correlation testing and multiple regression analyses were used to explore relationships among AOI, LM, FM, and BMD. RESULTS Both LM and FM were positively correlated with total and regional BMD in univariate analysis (all P < 0.01), whereas BMD was not significantly associated with AOI in any analyzed site other than the head. Multivariate linear regression models corrected for age, height, and years post-menopause, revealed a sustained independent positive relationship between FM and BMD (standard β range: 0.141 - 0.343, P < 0.01). The relationship between FM and BMD was unaffected by adjustment for LM (standard β range: 0.132 - 0.258, P < 0.01), whereas AOI had an adverse impact on BMD at most analyzed skeletal sites (total body, hip, femoral neck, arm, leg, and head) (standard β range: -0.093 to -0.232, P < 0.05). These findings were unaffected by using BF% in place of FM (standard β range: -0.100 to -0.232, P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS In this cohort of non-obese postmenopausal women over the age of 60 from China, total FM was positively associated with BMD, while AOI was negatively correlated with BMD. As such, a combination of proper weight gain and the control of central obesity may benefit the overall bone health of women after menopause.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingzheng Fan
- Department of Geriatrics, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Yuyan Jiang
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Junlian Qiang
- Department of Geriatrics, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Bin Han
- Department of Geriatrics, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Qiang Zhang
- Department of Geriatrics, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
- Institute of Tianjin Geriatrics, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
- *Correspondence: Qiang Zhang,
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Rybicka M, Kaźmierczak M, Pawlicka P, Łada-Maśko AB, Anikiej-Wiczenbach P, Bielawski KP. (Re-)activity in the caregiving situation: Genetic diversity within Oxytocin-Vasopressin Pathway is associated with salivary oxytocin and vasopressin concentrations in response to contact with a crying infant-simulator. Psychoneuroendocrinology 2021; 131:105294. [PMID: 34102428 DOI: 10.1016/j.psyneuen.2021.105294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2021] [Revised: 05/28/2021] [Accepted: 05/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Oxytocin (OT) and vasopressin (AVP) hormones as well as their receptors (OXTR and AVPR1a) have been deemed crucial for caregiving and sensitive responsiveness to infant cues. However, previous research on genetic polymorphisms and OT and AVP levels in the context of caregiving were sparse and have brought contradictory findings. The aim of this reported observational study was to examine the impact of genetic variations within genes related to OT and AVP signaling pathway on hormones levels' changes in response to the caregiving situation. A total of 221 adult intimate couples (110 childless, non-pregnant and 111 expectant couples) participated in three 10 min sessions, during which they were taking care of a crying life-like simulator. 30 min prior to the first session salivary samples to analyze basal OT and AVP, and polymorphisms in OXTR, AVPR1a and CD38 genes were collected. Subsequent OT and AVP levels were measured 15 min after each session. The two most frequently studied OXTR SNPs (rs53576 and rs2254298) had no or a minor impact on higher OT levels, which were linked to rs1042778, rs13316193, rs2228485, rs2268490, rs4686302 genotypes. AVP levels were affected by rs1042778, rs13316193, rs4686302 and rs237887. OT levels varied depending on the OT (rs2770378, rs4813625), CD38 (rs379686), and 5-HTR2A (rs6314) genotype. OT and AVP levels were also associated with rs6314 (5-HTR2A). AVP levels were linked to ESR1 (rs1884051) and SIM1 (rs3734354) variations. Shorter variants of RS3 and RS1 were associated with lower levels of AVP. In conclusion, analyzed polymorphisms were associated with both the level and changes in OT and AVP hormone levels in the standardized situation of caregiving reactions to infant crying.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magda Rybicka
- Intercollegiate Faculty of Biotechnology of University of Gdańsk and Medical University of Gdańsk, ul. Abrahama 58, 80-307 Gdańsk, Poland.
| | - Maria Kaźmierczak
- Institute of Psychology, Faculty of Social Sciences of the University of Gdansk, ul. Jana Bażyńskiego 4, 80-309 Gdańsk, Poland.
| | - Paulina Pawlicka
- Institute of Psychology, Faculty of Social Sciences of the University of Gdansk, ul. Jana Bażyńskiego 4, 80-309 Gdańsk, Poland.
| | - Ariadna Beata Łada-Maśko
- Institute of Psychology, Faculty of Social Sciences of the University of Gdansk, ul. Jana Bażyńskiego 4, 80-309 Gdańsk, Poland.
| | - Paulina Anikiej-Wiczenbach
- Institute of Psychology, Faculty of Social Sciences of the University of Gdansk, ul. Jana Bażyńskiego 4, 80-309 Gdańsk, Poland.
| | - Krzysztof Piotr Bielawski
- Intercollegiate Faculty of Biotechnology of University of Gdańsk and Medical University of Gdańsk, ul. Abrahama 58, 80-307 Gdańsk, Poland.
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Plasma concentrations of progesterone in the preceding estrous cycle are associated with the intensity of estrus and fertility of Holstein cows. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0248453. [PMID: 34370740 PMCID: PMC8351919 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0248453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2021] [Accepted: 04/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to determine the association between concentrations of progesterone (P4) during previous the estrous cycle with the intensity of spontaneous or estrogen-induced estrous expression and pregnancy per artificial insemination (P/AI). A total of 1,953 AI events from lactating Holstein cows were used, consisting of 1,289 timed AI events from experiment 1 (Exp. 1) and 664 AI events from experiment 2 (Exp. 2). In Exp. 1, cows were bred after a timed AI protocol based on estradiol and P4. In Exp. 2 animals were bred upon spontaneous estrus detection. In both experiments cows were continuously monitored by an automated activity monitor (AAM), in Exp.1 a relative increase of activity was calculated (i.e., percentage of increase activity at estrus compared to cow's baseline activity) and in Exp.2, activity data from each cow were computed into an index value that ranged from 0 to 100. In Exp.2 duration (hours) of estrus were calculated and defined as the total time above the threshold (35 index). The intensity of estrous expression was determined for each event and classified as either high or low intensity using the median of each experiment. Blood samples were collected for P4 analysis in Exp. 1 at -4 d, 0 d, and 7 d relative to timed AI, and in Exp. 2 immediately following estrus (0 d), 7 d, 14 d, and 21 d post-AI. Concentration of P4 was classified as greater or lower according to the median value in each experiment. Cows with lower concentrations of P4 at AI had greater estrous expression in Exp. 1 (363.6 ± 5.2 vs. 275.9 ± 8.0% relative increase) and Exp. 2 (76.7 ± 1.9 vs. 67.4 ± 4.7 index; and 12.5 ± 0.5 vs. 9.3 ± 1.8 hours). Cows with a greater intensity of estrous expression at timed AI had greater concentrations of P4 at -4 d than cows with lower intensity estrus or no estrous expression (4.6 ± 0.2 vs. 3.6 ± 0.2 vs. 3.7 ± 0.2 ng/mL). Cows with greater concentrations of P4 at -4 d had greater P/AI (32.8 ± 4.4 vs. 22.4 ± 4.5%), whereas cows with lesser concentrations of P4 at d0 for either timed AI (35.2 ± 3.4 vs. 19.6 ± 4.6%) or spontaneous estrus (31.8 ± 2.8 vs. 23.4 ± 3.2%) had greater P/AI. Cows with greater concentrations of P4 7 d post-timed AI had greater P/AI compared with cows that had lower concentration of P4 (39.1 ± 2.9 vs. 24.7 ± 2.6%). Similarly, cows that had lower concentrations of P4 at 7 d, 14 d and 21 d post-spontaneous estrus tended to have lower P/AI when compared with cows with greater concentrations of P4. Overall, concentrations of P4 prior to and at AI were associated with greater estrous intensity and P/AI at both spontaneous and timed AI events.
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Lee JH, Lee S, Nguyen QN, Phung HM, Shin MS, Kim JY, Choi H, Shim SH, Kang KS. Identification of the Active Ingredient and Beneficial Effects of Vitex rotundifolia Fruits on Menopausal Symptoms in Ovariectomized Rats. Biomolecules 2021; 11:1033. [PMID: 34356661 PMCID: PMC8301773 DOI: 10.3390/biom11071033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2021] [Revised: 07/10/2021] [Accepted: 07/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Estrogen replacement therapy is a treatment to relieve the symptoms of menopause. Many studies suggest that natural bioactive ingredients from plants resemble estrogen in structure and biological functions and can relieve symptoms of menopause. The fruit of V. rotundifolia, called "Man HyungJa" in Korean, is a traditional medicine used to treat headache, migraine, eye pain, neuralgia, and premenstrual syndrome in Korea and China. The aim of the present study was to confirm that V. rotundifolia fruit extract (VFE) exerts biological functions similar to those of estrogen in menopausal syndrome. We investigated its in vitro effects on MCF-7 cells and in vivo estrogen-like effects on weight gain and uterine contraction in ovariectomized rats. Using the polar extract, the active constituents of VFE (artemetin, vitexicarpin, hesperidin, luteolin, vitexin, and vanillic acid) with estrogen-like activity were identified in MCF-7 cells. In animal experiments, the efficacy of VFE in ameliorating body weight gain was similar to that of estrogen, as evidenced from improvements in uterine atrophy. Vitexin and vitexicarpin are suggested as the active constituents of V. rotundifolia fruits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji Hwan Lee
- College of Korean Medicine, Gachon University, Seongnam 13120, Korea; (J.H.L.); (Q.N.N.); (H.M.P.); (M.-S.S.)
| | - Sullim Lee
- Department of Life Science, College of Bio-Nano Technology, Gachon University, Seongnam 13120, Korea;
| | - Quynh Nhu Nguyen
- College of Korean Medicine, Gachon University, Seongnam 13120, Korea; (J.H.L.); (Q.N.N.); (H.M.P.); (M.-S.S.)
| | - Hung Manh Phung
- College of Korean Medicine, Gachon University, Seongnam 13120, Korea; (J.H.L.); (Q.N.N.); (H.M.P.); (M.-S.S.)
| | - Myoung-Sook Shin
- College of Korean Medicine, Gachon University, Seongnam 13120, Korea; (J.H.L.); (Q.N.N.); (H.M.P.); (M.-S.S.)
| | - Jae-Yong Kim
- College of Pharmacy, Duksung Women’s University, Seoul 01369, Korea;
| | - Hyukjae Choi
- College of Pharmacy, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 38541, Korea;
| | - Sang Hee Shim
- College of Pharmacy, Duksung Women’s University, Seoul 01369, Korea;
- Natural Products Research Institute, College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul 08826, Korea
| | - Ki Sung Kang
- College of Korean Medicine, Gachon University, Seongnam 13120, Korea; (J.H.L.); (Q.N.N.); (H.M.P.); (M.-S.S.)
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Xie B, Pan D, Liu H, Liu M, Shi X, Chu X, Lu J, Zhu M, Xia B, Wu J. Diosmetin Protects Against Obesity and Metabolic Dysfunctions Through Activation of Adipose Estrogen Receptors in Mice. Mol Nutr Food Res 2021; 65:e2100070. [PMID: 34223710 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.202100070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2021] [Revised: 05/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
SCOPE Obesity is a major public health and economic problem of global significance. Here, we investigate the role of diosmetin, a natural flavonoid presents mainly in citrus fruits, in the regulation of obesity and metabolic dysfunctions in mice. METHODS AND RESULTS Eight-week-old male C57BL/6 mice fed a high-fat diet (HFD) or 5-week-old male ob/ob mice fed a normal diet are treated with diosmetin (50 mg kg-1 daily) or vehicle for 8 weeks. Diosmetin treatment decreases body weight and fat mass, improves glucose tolerance and insulin resistance in obese mice. These metabolic benefits are mainly attributed to increase energy expenditure via enhancing thermogenesis in brown adipose tissue (BAT) and browning of white adipose tissue (WAT). Mechanistically, diosmetin acts as an agonist for estrogen receptors (ERs), and subsequently elevates adipose expressions of ERs in mice and in cultured adipocytes. When ERs are blocked by their antagonist fulvestrant in mice, diosmetin loses its beneficial effects, suggesting that ERs are indispensable for the metabolic benefits of diosmetin. CONCLUSION The results indicate that diosmetin may be a potential anti-obesity nutritional supplement and could be explored for low ERs-related obesity populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baocai Xie
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Shaanxi Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Dengke Pan
- Clinical Immunology Translational Medicine Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences & Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610072, China
| | - Huan Liu
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Shaanxi Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Min Liu
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Shaanxi Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Xiaochen Shi
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Shaanxi Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Xinyi Chu
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Shaanxi Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Junfeng Lu
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Shaanxi Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Mengqing Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Shaanxi Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Bo Xia
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Shaanxi Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Jiangwei Wu
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Shaanxi Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
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The Structural and Electrophysiological Properties of Progesterone Receptor-Expressing Neurons Vary along the Anterior-Posterior Axis of the Ventromedial Hypothalamus and Undergo Local Changes across the Reproductive Cycle. eNeuro 2021; 8:ENEURO.0049-21.2021. [PMID: 33879568 PMCID: PMC8184219 DOI: 10.1523/eneuro.0049-21.2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2021] [Revised: 04/06/2021] [Accepted: 04/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Sex hormone levels continuously fluctuate across the reproductive cycle, changing the activity of neuronal circuits to coordinate female behavior and reproductive capacity. The ventrolateral division of the ventromedial hypothalamus (VMHvl) contains neurons expressing receptors for sex hormones and its function is intimately linked to female sexual receptivity. However, recent findings suggest that the VMHvl is functionally heterogeneous. Here, we used whole recordings and intracellular labeling to characterize the electrophysiological and morphologic properties of individual VMHvl neurons in naturally cycling females and report the existence of multiple electrophysiological phenotypes within the VMHvl. We found that the properties of progesterone receptor expressing (PR+) neurons, but not PR– neurons, depended systematically on the neuron’s location along the anterior-posterior (AP) axis of the VMHvl and the phase within the reproductive cycle. Prominent among this, the resting membrane potential of anterior PR+ neurons decreased during the receptive phase, while the excitability of medial PR+ neurons increased during the non-receptive phase. During the receptive phase of the cycle, posterior PR+ neurons simultaneously showed an increase in dendritic complexity and a decrease in spine density. These findings reveal an extensive diversity of local rules driving structural and physiological changes in response to fluctuating levels of sex hormones, supporting the anatomic and functional subdivision of the VMHvl and its possible role in the orchestration of different aspects of female socio-sexual behavior.
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Hernández-Vega AM, Camacho-Arroyo I. Crosstalk between 17β-Estradiol and TGF-β Signaling Modulates Glioblastoma Progression. Brain Sci 2021; 11:brainsci11050564. [PMID: 33925221 PMCID: PMC8145480 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci11050564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2021] [Revised: 04/24/2021] [Accepted: 04/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT) is an essential mechanism contributing to glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) progression, the most common and malignant brain tumor. EMT is induced by signaling pathways that crosstalk and regulate an intricate regulatory network of transcription factors. It has been shown that downstream components of 17β-estradiol (E2) and transforming growth factor β (TGF-β) signaling pathways crosstalk in estrogen-sensitive tumors. However, little is known about the interaction between the E2 and TGF-β signaling components in brain tumors. We have investigated the relationship between E2 and TGF-β signaling pathways and their effects on EMT induction in human GBM-derived cells. Here, we showed that E2 and TGF-β negatively regulated the expression of estrogen receptor α (ER-α) and Smad2/3. TGF-β induced Smad2 phosphorylation and its subsequent nuclear translocation, which E2 inhibited. Both TGF-β and E2 induced cellular processes related to EMT, such as morphological changes, actin filament reorganization, and mesenchymal markers (N-cadherin and vimentin) expression. Interestingly, we found that the co-treatment of E2 and TGF-β blocked EMT activation. Our results suggest that E2 and TGF-β signaling pathways interact through ER-α and Smad2/3 mediators in cells derived from human GBM and inhibit EMT activation induced by both factors alone.
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Camargo TF, Zanesco AM, Pacher KAS, Andrade TAM, Alves AA, do Amaral MEC. Physiological profile regulation during weight gain and loss by ovariectomized females: importance of SIRT1 and SIRT4. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2020; 319:E769-E778. [PMID: 32865007 DOI: 10.1152/ajpendo.00465.2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Obesity in menopausal women occurs because of the systemic effects of loss of ovarian function, resulting in increased body weight and oxidative stress. Caloric restriction (CR) is essential for weight loss, since it provides benefits associated with metabolic normalization resulting from the action of sirtuins. The aim of this work was to evaluate the physiological effects of weight cycling in ovariectomized females. Females aged 2 mo (n = 8/group) were submitted to simulated surgery, ovariectomy (OVX group), and ovariectomy with weight fluctuation (WF group). In the WF group, weight cycling was performed two times, using 21 days of ad libitum commercial feed and 21 days of caloric restriction with 40% of the feed consumed by the OVX group. After 17 wk, the animals were evaluated experimentally. Weight fluctuations reduced triacylglycerol and the adipose tissue index of the WF animals, while increasing the expression of antioxidant proteins. In addition to causing fluctuations in the physiological parameters, the weight cycling led to increases of adipocyte number and serum fatty acids. These effects were reflected in increased expression of the sirtuin (SIRT) 1 and SIRT4 proteins, as well as protein complexes of the mitochondrial electron transport chain, especially in the liver and adipose tissues. The weight-cycling results suggested that mitochondrial and nuclear sirtuins were active in cellular signaling for the control of lipid metabolism, oxidative phosphorylation, and redox status. Weight cycling was able to restore the health characteristics of lean animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thaís Furtado Camargo
- Graduate Program in Biomedical Sciences, Centro Universitário Hermínio Ometto, FHO/UNIARARAS, Araras, Sãu Paulo, Brazil
| | - Ariane Maria Zanesco
- College of Biomedicine, Centro Universitário Hermínio Ometto, Araras, Sãu Paulo, Brazil
| | - Kayo Augusto Salandin Pacher
- Graduate Program in Biomedical Sciences, Centro Universitário Hermínio Ometto, FHO/UNIARARAS, Araras, Sãu Paulo, Brazil
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Jiang Q, Xu H, Yan J, Xu Q, Zheng Y, Li C, Zhao L, Gao H, Zheng H. Sex-specific metabolic alterations in the type 1 diabetic brain of mice revealed by an integrated method of metabolomics and mixed-model. Comput Struct Biotechnol J 2020; 18:2063-2074. [PMID: 32802278 PMCID: PMC7419581 DOI: 10.1016/j.csbj.2020.07.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2020] [Revised: 07/23/2020] [Accepted: 07/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Type 1 diabetes (T1D) can cause brain region-specific metabolic disorders, but whether gender influences T1D-related brain metabolic changes is rarely reported. Therefore, here we examined metabolic changes in six different brain regions of male and female mice under normal and T1D conditions using an integrated method of NMR-based metabolomics and linear mixed-model, and aimed to explore sex-specific metabolic changes from normal to T1D. The results demonstrate that metabolic differences occurred in all brain regions between two genders, while the hippocampal metabolism is more likely to be affected by T1D. At the 4th week after streptozotocin treatment, brain metabolic disorders mainly occurred in the cortex and hippocampus in female T1D mice, but the striatum and hippocampus in male T1D mice. In addition, anaerobic glycolysis was significantly altered in male mice, mainly in the striatum, midbrain, hypothalamus and hippocampus, but not in female mice. We also found that female mice exhibited a hypometabolism status relative to male mice from normal to T1D. Collectively, this study suggests that T1D affected brain region-specific metabolic alterations in a sex-specific manner, and may provide a metabolic view on diabetic brain diseases between genders.
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Key Words
- ADP, adenosine diphosphate
- AMP, adenosine monophosphate
- Ala, alanine
- Asp, aspartate
- Cho, choline
- Cortex
- Cre/pCre, creatine/phosphocreatine
- Diabetes
- GABA, γ-Aminobutyric acid
- Gender
- Gln, glutamine
- Glu, glutamate
- Gly, glycine
- Hippocampus
- IMP, inosine monophosphate
- Ino, inosine
- Lac, lactate
- Metabolomics
- Myo, myo-inositol
- NAA, N-acetylaspartate
- NAD+, nicotinamide adeninedinucleotide
- Neurotransmitter
- Suc, succinate
- Tau, taurine
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiaoying Jiang
- Institute of Metabonomics & Medical NMR, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325035, China
| | - Hangying Xu
- Institute of Metabonomics & Medical NMR, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325035, China
| | - Junjie Yan
- Institute of Metabonomics & Medical NMR, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325035, China
| | - Qingqing Xu
- Institute of Metabonomics & Medical NMR, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325035, China
| | - Yafei Zheng
- Institute of Metabonomics & Medical NMR, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325035, China
| | - Chen Li
- Institute of Metabonomics & Medical NMR, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325035, China
| | - Liangcai Zhao
- Institute of Metabonomics & Medical NMR, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325035, China
| | - Hongchang Gao
- Institute of Metabonomics & Medical NMR, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325035, China
| | - Hong Zheng
- Institute of Metabonomics & Medical NMR, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325035, China
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Barca‐Mayo O, Boender AJ, Armirotti A, De Pietri Tonelli D. Deletion of astrocytic BMAL1 results in metabolic imbalance and shorter lifespan in mice. Glia 2020; 68:1131-1147. [PMID: 31833591 PMCID: PMC7496695 DOI: 10.1002/glia.23764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2019] [Revised: 11/26/2019] [Accepted: 12/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Disruption of the circadian cycle is strongly associated with metabolic imbalance and reduced longevity in humans. Also, rodent models of circadian arrhythmia, such as the constitutive knockout of the clock gene Bmal1, leads to metabolic disturbances and early death. Although astrocyte clock regulates molecular and behavioral circadian rhythms, its involvement in the regulation of energy balance and lifespan is unknown. Here, we show that astrocyte-specific deletion of Bmal1 is sufficient to alter energy balance, glucose homeostasis, and reduce lifespan. Mutant animals displayed impaired hypothalamic molecular clock, age-dependent astrogliosis, apoptosis of hypothalamic astrocytes, and increased glutamate and GABA levels. Importantly, modulation of GABAA-receptor signaling completely restored glutamate levels, delayed the reactive gliosis as well as the metabolic phenotypes and expanded the lifespan of the mutants. Our results demonstrate that the astrocytic clock can influence many aspects of brain function and neurological disease and suggest astrocytes and GABAA receptor as pharmacological targets to prevent the metabolic dysfunctions and shortened lifespan associated with alterations of circadian rhythms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olga Barca‐Mayo
- Neurobiology of miRNA labFondazione Istituto Italiano di TecnologiaGenoaItaly
| | - Arjen J. Boender
- Neuromodulation of Cortical and Subcortical Circuits LabFondazione Istituto Italiano di TecnologiaGenoaItaly
| | - Andrea Armirotti
- D3 PharmaChemistryFondazione Istituto Italiano di TecnologiaGenoaItaly
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Morishita M, Koiso R, Tsukahara S. Actions of Peripubertal Gonadal Steroids in the Formation of Sexually Dimorphic Brain Regions in Mice. Endocrinology 2020; 161:5821543. [PMID: 32303738 DOI: 10.1210/endocr/bqaa063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2020] [Accepted: 04/16/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The calbindin-sexually dimorphic nucleus (CALB-SDN) and calbindin-principal nucleus of the bed nucleus of the stria terminalis (CALB-BNSTp) show male-biased sex differences in calbindin neuron number. The ventral part of the BNSTp (BNSTpv) exhibits female-biased sex differences in noncalbindin neuron number. We previously reported that prepubertal gonadectomy disrupts the masculinization of the CALB-SDN and CALB-BNSTp and the feminization of the BNSTpv. This study aimed to determine the action mechanisms of testicular androgens on the masculinization of the CALB-SDN and CALB-BNSTp and whether ovarian estrogens are the hormones that have significant actions in the feminization of the BNSTpv. We performed immunohistochemical analyses of calbindin and NeuN, a neuron marker, in male mice orchidectomized on postnatal day 20 (PD20) and treated with cholesterol, testosterone, estradiol, or dihydrotestosterone during PD20-70, female mice ovariectomized on PD20 and treated with cholesterol or estradiol during PD20-70, and PD70 mice gonadectomized on PD56. Calbindin neurons number in the CALB-SDN and CALB-BNSTp in males treated with testosterone or dihydrotestosterone, but not estradiol, was significantly larger than that in cholesterol-treated males. Noncalbindin neuron number in the BNSTpv in estradiol-treated females was significantly larger than that in cholesterol-treated females. Gonadectomy on PD56 had no significant effect on neuron numbers. Additionally, an immunohistochemical analysis revealed the expression of androgen receptors in the CALB-SDN and CALB-BNSTp of PD30 males and estrogen receptors-α in the BNSTpv of PD30 females. These results suggest that peripubertal testicular androgens act to masculinize the CALB-SDN and CALB-BNSTp without aromatization, and peripubertal ovarian estrogens act to feminize the BNSTpv.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masahiro Morishita
- Division of Life Science, Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Saitama University, Saitama, Japan
| | - Ryoma Koiso
- Division of Life Science, Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Saitama University, Saitama, Japan
| | - Shinji Tsukahara
- Division of Life Science, Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Saitama University, Saitama, Japan
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Gardini ES, Chen GG, Fiacco S, Mernone L, Willi J, Turecki G, Ehlert U. Differential ESR1 Promoter Methylation in the Peripheral Blood-Findings from the Women 40+ Healthy Aging Study. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E3654. [PMID: 32455834 PMCID: PMC7279168 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21103654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2020] [Revised: 05/16/2020] [Accepted: 05/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Estrogen receptor α (ERα) contributes to maintaining biological processes preserving health during aging. DNA methylation changes of ERα gene (ESR1) were established as playing a direct role in the regulation of ERα levels. In this study, we hypothesized decreased DNA methylation of ESR1 associated with postmenopause, lower estradiol (E2) levels, and increased age among healthy middle-aged and older women. Methods We assessed DNA methylation of ESR1 promoter region from dried blood spots (DBSs) and E2 from saliva samples in 130 healthy women aged 40-73 years. Results We found that postmenopause and lower E2 levels were associated with lower DNA methylation of a distal regulatory region, but not with DNA methylation of proximal promoters. Conclusion Our results indicate that decreased methylation of ESR1 cytosine-phosphate-guanine island (CpGI) shore may be associated with conditions of lower E2 in older healthy women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena S. Gardini
- Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, Department of Psychology, University of Zurich, 8050 Zurich, Switzerland; (E.S.G.); (S.F.); (L.M.); (J.W.)
- University Research Priority Program (URPP) Dynamics of Healthy Aging, University of Zurich, 8050 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Gary G. Chen
- Douglas Hospital Research Center, McGill University, Montreal, QC H4H 1R3, Canada; (G.G.C.); (G.T.)
| | - Serena Fiacco
- Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, Department of Psychology, University of Zurich, 8050 Zurich, Switzerland; (E.S.G.); (S.F.); (L.M.); (J.W.)
- University Research Priority Program (URPP) Dynamics of Healthy Aging, University of Zurich, 8050 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Laura Mernone
- Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, Department of Psychology, University of Zurich, 8050 Zurich, Switzerland; (E.S.G.); (S.F.); (L.M.); (J.W.)
- University Research Priority Program (URPP) Dynamics of Healthy Aging, University of Zurich, 8050 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Jasmine Willi
- Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, Department of Psychology, University of Zurich, 8050 Zurich, Switzerland; (E.S.G.); (S.F.); (L.M.); (J.W.)
- University Research Priority Program (URPP) Dynamics of Healthy Aging, University of Zurich, 8050 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Gustavo Turecki
- Douglas Hospital Research Center, McGill University, Montreal, QC H4H 1R3, Canada; (G.G.C.); (G.T.)
| | - Ulrike Ehlert
- Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, Department of Psychology, University of Zurich, 8050 Zurich, Switzerland; (E.S.G.); (S.F.); (L.M.); (J.W.)
- University Research Priority Program (URPP) Dynamics of Healthy Aging, University of Zurich, 8050 Zurich, Switzerland
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Stoker C, Andreoli MF, Kass L, Bosquiazzo VL, Rossetti MF, Canesini G, Luque EH, Ramos JG. Perinatal exposure to bisphenol A (BPA) impairs neuroendocrine mechanisms regulating food intake and kisspetin system in adult male rats. Evidences of metabolic disruptor hypothesis. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2020; 499:110614. [PMID: 31606416 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2019.110614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2019] [Revised: 09/27/2019] [Accepted: 10/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Bisphenol A (BPA) is a compound used in the polymerization of plastic polycarbonates. It is an endocrine disruptor and it has been postulated to be an obesogen. Our objective was to determine the influence of perinatal exposure to BPA on body weight, hormone levels, metabolic parameters and hypothalamic signals that regulate food intake and kisspeptin system in adult male rats. Male rats were exposed to 50 μg/kg/day of BPA or vehicle from day 9 of gestation to weaning in the drinking water. Since weaning, they were fed with control or high fat diet for 20 weeks. Perinatal exposure to BPA impaired glucose homeostasis, induced obesity and increased food intake in adult male rats altering hypothalamic signals, partially mimicking and/or producing an exacerbation of the effects of feeding fat diet. We also observed an increase in kisspeptin expression by BPA exposure. Evidences shown in this work support the metabolic disruptor hypothesis for BPA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cora Stoker
- Departamento de Bioquímica Clínica y Cuantitativa, Facultad de Bioquímica y Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Nacional del Litoral, Argentina; Instituto de Salud y Ambiente del Litoral (ISAL), Universidad Nacional del Litoral (UNL)- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Facultad de Bioquímica y Ciencias Biológicas, UNL, Argentina.
| | - M Florencia Andreoli
- Departamento de Bioquímica Clínica y Cuantitativa, Facultad de Bioquímica y Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Nacional del Litoral, Argentina; Instituto de Salud y Ambiente del Litoral (ISAL), Universidad Nacional del Litoral (UNL)- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Facultad de Bioquímica y Ciencias Biológicas, UNL, Argentina.
| | - Laura Kass
- Instituto de Salud y Ambiente del Litoral (ISAL), Universidad Nacional del Litoral (UNL)- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Facultad de Bioquímica y Ciencias Biológicas, UNL, Argentina.
| | - Verónica L Bosquiazzo
- Departamento de Bioquímica Clínica y Cuantitativa, Facultad de Bioquímica y Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Nacional del Litoral, Argentina; Instituto de Salud y Ambiente del Litoral (ISAL), Universidad Nacional del Litoral (UNL)- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Facultad de Bioquímica y Ciencias Biológicas, UNL, Argentina.
| | - M Florencia Rossetti
- Departamento de Bioquímica Clínica y Cuantitativa, Facultad de Bioquímica y Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Nacional del Litoral, Argentina; Instituto de Salud y Ambiente del Litoral (ISAL), Universidad Nacional del Litoral (UNL)- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Facultad de Bioquímica y Ciencias Biológicas, UNL, Argentina.
| | - G Canesini
- Departamento de Bioquímica Clínica y Cuantitativa, Facultad de Bioquímica y Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Nacional del Litoral, Argentina; Instituto de Salud y Ambiente del Litoral (ISAL), Universidad Nacional del Litoral (UNL)- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Facultad de Bioquímica y Ciencias Biológicas, UNL, Argentina.
| | - Enrique H Luque
- Instituto de Salud y Ambiente del Litoral (ISAL), Universidad Nacional del Litoral (UNL)- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Facultad de Bioquímica y Ciencias Biológicas, UNL, Argentina.
| | - Jorge G Ramos
- Departamento de Bioquímica Clínica y Cuantitativa, Facultad de Bioquímica y Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Nacional del Litoral, Argentina; Instituto de Salud y Ambiente del Litoral (ISAL), Universidad Nacional del Litoral (UNL)- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Facultad de Bioquímica y Ciencias Biológicas, UNL, Argentina.
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Gardini ES, Fiacco S, Mernone L, Ehlert U. Sleep and Methylation of Estrogen Receptor Genes, ESR1 and GPER, in Healthy Middle-Aged and Older Women: Findings from the Women 40+ Healthy Aging Study. Nat Sci Sleep 2020; 12:525-536. [PMID: 32801978 PMCID: PMC7394583 DOI: 10.2147/nss.s256102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2020] [Accepted: 07/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Sleep problems in middle-aged and older women are very common and have been associated with menopause-related changes in estrogen levels. However, not all women experience sleep problems as they enter perimenopause, and epigenetic mechanisms might contribute to the differences in sleep quality within this population. In this study, we hypothesized that increased methylation of two estrogen receptor (ER) genes (ESR1 and GPER) would be associated with increased sleep problems in healthy pre-, peri-, and postmenopausal women, either directly or indirectly through the experience of vasomotor symptoms (VMS). MATERIALS AND METHODS In 130 healthy women aged 40-73 years, we assessed DNA methylation from dried blood spots (DBS). Women rated their sleep quality using the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), and VMS using the Menopause Rating Scale (MRS). RESULTS Higher percentage methylation of ESR1 was associated with increased sleep problems, mediated by VMS, even after controlling for age, menopausal status, body mass index, estradiol levels, depressive symptoms, and caffeine consumption. There was no significant association between GPER methylation and either sleep problems or VMS. CONCLUSION The study findings support an association between increased ESR1 methylation and sleep problems through increased VMS among healthy women aged 40-73 years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena S Gardini
- Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.,University Research Priority Program (URPP) Dynamics of Healthy Aging, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Serena Fiacco
- Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.,University Research Priority Program (URPP) Dynamics of Healthy Aging, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Laura Mernone
- Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.,University Research Priority Program (URPP) Dynamics of Healthy Aging, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Ulrike Ehlert
- Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.,University Research Priority Program (URPP) Dynamics of Healthy Aging, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
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Neurochemical Characterization of Neurons Expressing Estrogen Receptor β in the Hypothalamic Nuclei of Rats Using in Situ Hybridization and Immunofluorescence. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 21:ijms21010115. [PMID: 31877966 PMCID: PMC6981915 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21010115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2019] [Revised: 12/14/2019] [Accepted: 12/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Estrogens play an essential role in multiple physiological functions in the brain, including reproductive neuroendocrine, learning and memory, and anxiety-related behaviors. To determine these estrogen functions, many studies have tried to characterize neurons expressing estrogen receptors known as ERα and ERβ. However, the characteristics of ERβ-expressing neurons in the rat brain still remain poorly understood compared to that of ERα-expressing neurons. The main aim of this study is to determine the neurochemical characteristics of ERβ-expressing neurons in the rat hypothalamus using RNAscope in situ hybridization (ISH) combined with immunofluorescence. Strong Esr2 signals were observed especially in the anteroventral periventricular nucleus (AVPV), bed nucleus of stria terminalis, hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus (PVN), supraoptic nucleus, and medial amygdala, as previously reported. RNAscope ISH with immunofluorescence revealed that more than half of kisspeptin neurons in female AVPV expressed Esr2, whereas few kisspeptin neurons were found to co-express Esr2 in the arcuate nucleus. In the PVN, we observed a high ratio of Esr2 co-expression in arginine-vasopressin neurons and a low ratio in oxytocin and corticotropin-releasing factor neurons. The detailed neurochemical characteristics of ERβ-expressing neurons identified in the current study can be very essential to understand the estrogen signaling via ERβ.
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Hestiantoro A, Astuti BPK, Muharam R, Pratama G, Witjaksono F, Wiweko B. Dysregulation of Kisspeptin and Leptin, as Anorexigenic Agents, Plays Role in the Development of Obesity in Postmenopausal Women. Int J Endocrinol 2019; 2019:1347208. [PMID: 31871451 PMCID: PMC6913251 DOI: 10.1155/2019/1347208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2019] [Revised: 09/26/2019] [Accepted: 10/29/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
During the menopausal period, women have a higher tendency to develop obesity and any other metabolic syndromes. Dysregulation of leptin and kisspeptin signaling as anorexigenic agents is believed to be the connection between metabolic disorders and altered reproductive function. Therefore, this study aimed at investigating the association between leptin, soluble leptin receptor (sOBR), free leptin index, kisspeptin concentrations, and body mass index (BMI) in postmenopausal women. A cross-sectional study was carried out among 171 postmenopausal women aged 40-75 years from 2017 to 2018. Subjects were assigned into 2 groups according to their BMIs: obese group (84 subjects) and nonobese group (87 subjects). In addition to anthropometric measurement, blood sample was collected from each subject for leptin, sOBR, free leptin index (FLI), and kisspeptin evaluation. Bivariate and correlation analysis discovered that leptin and FLI were positively correlated with BMI, while sOBR and kisspeptin were negatively correlated with BMI. Among those variables, multivariate analysis found that leptin, sOBR, and kisspeptin were independently associated with obesity. Therefore, it can be concluded that higher serum leptin concentration and FLI, as well as lower serum sOBR and kisspeptin concentrations, are significantly associated with obesity in postmenopausal women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andon Hestiantoro
- Reproductive Immunoendocrinology Division, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine Universitas Indonesia, Dr. Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital, Jakarta 10430, Indonesia
- Cluster of Human Reproduction, Fertility and Family Planning, Indonesian Medical Education and Research Institute, Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta 10430, Indonesia
| | - Brilliant P. K. Astuti
- Reproductive Immunoendocrinology Division, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine Universitas Indonesia, Dr. Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital, Jakarta 10430, Indonesia
- Cluster of Human Reproduction, Fertility and Family Planning, Indonesian Medical Education and Research Institute, Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta 10430, Indonesia
| | - Raden Muharam
- Reproductive Immunoendocrinology Division, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine Universitas Indonesia, Dr. Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital, Jakarta 10430, Indonesia
- Cluster of Human Reproduction, Fertility and Family Planning, Indonesian Medical Education and Research Institute, Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta 10430, Indonesia
| | - Gita Pratama
- Reproductive Immunoendocrinology Division, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine Universitas Indonesia, Dr. Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital, Jakarta 10430, Indonesia
- Cluster of Human Reproduction, Fertility and Family Planning, Indonesian Medical Education and Research Institute, Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta 10430, Indonesia
| | - Fiastuti Witjaksono
- Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Medicine Universitas Indonesia, Dr. Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital, Jl. Salemba Raya No. 6, Jakarta 10430, Indonesia
| | - Budi Wiweko
- Reproductive Immunoendocrinology Division, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine Universitas Indonesia, Dr. Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital, Jakarta 10430, Indonesia
- Cluster of Human Reproduction, Fertility and Family Planning, Indonesian Medical Education and Research Institute, Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta 10430, Indonesia
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Sievers W, Rathner JA, Kettle C, Zacharias A, Irving HR, Green RA. The capacity for oestrogen to influence obesity through brown adipose tissue thermogenesis in animal models: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Obes Sci Pract 2019; 5:592-602. [PMID: 31890250 PMCID: PMC6934433 DOI: 10.1002/osp4.368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2019] [Revised: 08/16/2019] [Accepted: 08/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Pharmacological interventions to aid weight loss have historically targeted either appetite suppression or increased metabolic rate. Brown adipose tissue (BAT) possesses the capacity to expend energy in a futile cycle, thus increasing basal metabolic rate. In animal models, oestrogen has been implicated in the regulation of body weight, and it is hypothesized that oestrogen is acting by modulating BAT metabolism. A systematic search was performed, to identify research articles implementing in vivo oestrogen-related interventions and reporting outcome measures that provide direct or indirect measures of BAT metabolism. Meta-analyses were conducted where sufficient data were available. The final library of 67 articles were predominantly in rodent models and provided mostly indirect measures of BAT metabolism. Results of this review found that oestrogen's effects on body weight, in rats and possibly mice, are likely facilitated by both metabolic and appetitive mechanisms but are largely only found in ovariectomized models. There is a need for further studies to clarify the potential effects of oestrogen on BAT metabolism in gonad-intact and castrated male animal models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Will Sievers
- La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, Department of Pharmacy and Biomedical SciencesLa Trobe UniversityBendigoVictoriaAustralia
| | - Joseph A. Rathner
- La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, Department of Pharmacy and Biomedical SciencesLa Trobe UniversityBendigoVictoriaAustralia
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Department of PhysiologyUniversity of MelbourneParkvilleVictoriaAustralia
| | - Christine Kettle
- La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, Department of Pharmacy and Biomedical SciencesLa Trobe UniversityBendigoVictoriaAustralia
| | - Anita Zacharias
- La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, Department of Pharmacy and Biomedical SciencesLa Trobe UniversityBendigoVictoriaAustralia
| | - Helen R. Irving
- La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, Department of Pharmacy and Biomedical SciencesLa Trobe UniversityBendigoVictoriaAustralia
| | - Rodney A. Green
- La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, Department of Pharmacy and Biomedical SciencesLa Trobe UniversityBendigoVictoriaAustralia
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Affiliation(s)
- Zulvikar Syambani Ulhaq
- Department of Biomedical Science, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Maulana Malik Ibrahim Islamic State University of Malang, Batu, Indonesia
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Female Sex and Brain-Selective Estrogen Benefit α-Synuclein Tetramerization and the PD-like Motor Syndrome in 3K Transgenic Mice. J Neurosci 2019; 39:7628-7640. [PMID: 31405930 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.0313-19.2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2019] [Revised: 07/12/2019] [Accepted: 07/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Many studies report a higher risk for Parkinson's disease (PD) and younger age of onset in men. This, and the fact that the neuropathological process underlying PD symptoms may begin before menopause, suggests that estrogen-based hormone therapy could modify this higher risk in males. However, the effects of female sex or estrogen on α-synuclein (αS) homeostasis and related PD neuropathology remain unknown. Here, we used an αS tetramer-abrogating mouse model of PD (3K) that amplifies the familial E46K PD mutation to investigate the effects of female sex and brain-selective estrogen treatment on αS tetramerization and solubility, formation of vesicle-rich αS+ aggregates, dopaminergic and cortical fiber integrity, and associated motor deficits. In male 3K mice, the motor phenotype became apparent at ∼10 weeks and increased to age 6 months, paralleled by PD-like neuropathology, whereas 3K females showed a significant delay in onset. At 6 months, this beneficial phenotypic effect in 3K females was associated with a higher αS tetramer-to-monomer ratio and less decrease in dopaminergic and cortical fiber length and quantity. Brain-selective estrogen treatment in symptomatic 3K mice significantly increased the tetramer-to-monomer ratio, turnover by autophagy of aggregate-prone monomers, and neurite complexity of surviving DAergic and cortical neurons, in parallel with benefits in motor performance. Our findings support an upstream role for αS tetramer loss in PD phenotypes and a role for estrogen in mitigating PD-like neuropathology in vivo Brain-selective estrogen therapy may be useful in delaying or reducing PD symptoms in men and postmenopausal women.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT The mechanisms responsible for the male-to-female preponderance in Parkinson's disease (PD) are not well understood yet important for treatment efficacy. We previously showed that abrogating native α-synuclein (αS) tetramers produces a close PD model, including dopaminergic and cortical fiber loss and a progressive motor disorder responsive to l-DOPA. Here, we analyzed sex and use 10b-17β-dihydroxyestra-1,4-dien-3-one treatment of symptomatic 3K males, and demonstrate that the beneficial effects of female sex on PD-like neuropathology can be reinstated by elevating estrogen in the male brain. The study provides evidence that 17β-estradiol restores the tetramer-to-monomer ratio by autophagy turnover of excess αS monomers, vesicle and fiber integrity in brain regions critically involved in motor behavior. These data provide the basis for understanding sex differences in αS homeostasis and the development of therapeutic approaches to treating men and postmenopausal women with PD.
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Di Giorgio NP, Bizzozzero Hiriart M, Surkin PN, López PV, Bourguignon NS, Dorfman VB, Bettler B, Libertun C, Lux-Lantos V. Multiple failures in the lutenising hormone surge generating system in GABAB1KO female mice. J Neuroendocrinol 2019; 31:e12765. [PMID: 31269532 DOI: 10.1111/jne.12765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2018] [Revised: 05/28/2019] [Accepted: 06/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Female mice lacking GABAB receptors, GABAB1KO, show disrupted oestrous cycles, reduced pregnancies and increased hypothalamic Gnrh1 mRNA expression, whereas anteroventral periventricular/periventricular preoptic nucleus (AVPV/PeN) Kiss1 mRNA was not affected. In the present study, we characterise the important components of the gonadotrophic preovulatory surge, aiming to unravel the origin of this reproductive impairment. In GABAB1KO and wild-type (WT) females, we determined: (i) hypothalamic oestrogen receptor (ER)α and β and aromatase mRNA and protein expression; (ii) ovulation index and oestrus serum follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and pituitary Gnrh1r expression; (iii) in ovariectomised-oestradiol valerate-treated mice, we evaluated ex vivo hypothalamic gonadotrophin-releasing hormone (GnRH) pulsatility in the presence/absence of kisspeptin (Kiss-10, constant or pulsatile) and oestradiol (constant); and (iv) in ovariectomised-oestradiol silastic capsule-treated mice (proestrous-like environment), we evaluated morning and evening kisspeptin neurone activation (c-Fos+) and serum luteinising homrone (LH). In the medial basal hypothalamus of oestrus GABAB1KOs, aromatase and ERα mRNA and protein were increased, whereas ERβ was decreased. In GABAB1KOs, the ovulation index was decreased together with decreased first oestrus serum FSH and increased pituitary Gnrh1r mRNA. Under constant Kiss-10 stimulation, hypothalamic GnRH pulse frequency did not vary, although GnRH mass/pulse was increased in GABAB1KOs. In WTs, pulsatile Kiss-10 together with constant oestradiol significantly increased GnRH pulsatility, whereas, in GABAB1KOs, oestradiol alone increased GnRH pulsatility and this was reversed by pulsatile Kiss-10 addition. In GABAB1KOs AVPV/PeN kisspeptin neurones were similarly activated (c-Fos+) in the morning and evening, whereas WTs showed the expected, marked evening stimulation. LH correlated with activated kisspeptin cells in WT mice, whereas GABAB1KO mice showed high, similar LH levels both in the morning and evening. Taken together, all of these alterations point to impairment in the trigger of the preovulatory GnRH surge that entails the reproductive alterations described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noelia P Di Giorgio
- Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental (IBYME-CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | | | - Pablo N Surkin
- Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental (IBYME-CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Paula V López
- Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental (IBYME-CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Nadia S Bourguignon
- Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental (IBYME-CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Verónica B Dorfman
- Centro de Estudios Biomédicos, Biotecnológicos, Ambientales y Diagnóstico (CEBBAD), Universidad Maimónides, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | | | - Carlos Libertun
- Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental (IBYME-CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Victoria Lux-Lantos
- Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental (IBYME-CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
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Milon A, Kaczmarczyk M, Pawlicki P, Bilinska B, Duliban M, Gorowska-Wojtowicz E, Tworzydlo W, Kotula-Balak M. Do estrogens regulate lipid status in testicular steroidogenic Leydig cell? Acta Histochem 2019; 121:611-618. [PMID: 31126612 DOI: 10.1016/j.acthis.2019.04.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2019] [Revised: 04/26/2019] [Accepted: 04/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
In this study mouse Leydig cell (MA-10) were treated with G-protein coupled membrane estrogen receptor antagonist (G-15; 10 nM). Cells were analyzed by Western blotting for expression of estrogen-related receptors (ERRα, β and γ), steroidogenic markers (lutropin receptor; LHR and 3β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase; 3β-HSD) and lipid droplet markers (perilipin; PLIN and microtubule-associated protein 1 A/1B-light chain 3; LC3). Concomitantly, microscopic analyses by light microscope (immunofluorescent staining for lipid droplets, PLIN and LC3) as well as by electron microscope (for lipid droplet ultrastructure) were utilized. For analysis of cholesterol content, cAMP level and progesterone secretion, G-15, estrogen receptor (ER) antagonist (ICI 182,780; 10 μM), 17β-estradiol (10 mM) and, bisphenol A (BPA; 10 nM) were used alone or in combinations. We revealed no changes in ERRs expression but alterations in ERRβ and γ localization in G-15-treated cells when compared to control. Partial translocation of ERRβ and γ from the cell nucleus to cytoplasm was observed. Decreased expression of LHR, 3β-HSD, PLIN and LC3 was detected. Moreover, in treated cells large lipid droplets and differences in their distribution were found. Very strong signal of co-localization for PLIN and LC3 was found in treated cells when compared to control. In ultrastructure of treated cells, degenerating lipid droplets and double membrane indicating on presence of lipophagosome were observed. We found, that only (i) BPA and G-15 did not effect on cholesterol content, (ii) BPA, G-15 and ICI did not effect on cAMP level and (iii) BPA, ICI alone and in combination, and BPA with G-15 did not modulate progesterone secretion. These findings showed complex and diverse estrogen effects on mouse Leydig cells at various steps of steroid hormone production (cholesterol storage, release and processing). Lipid homeostasis and metabolism in these cells were affected by endogenous and exogenous estrogen, interactions of receptors (GPER, ER and ERR) and GPER and ER antagonists.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Milon
- Department of Endocrinology, Institute of Zoology and Biomedical Research, Jagiellonian University in Kraków, Gronostajowa 9, 30-387, Krakow, Poland
| | - M Kaczmarczyk
- Department of Endocrinology, Institute of Zoology and Biomedical Research, Jagiellonian University in Kraków, Gronostajowa 9, 30-387, Krakow, Poland
| | - P Pawlicki
- Department of Endocrinology, Institute of Zoology and Biomedical Research, Jagiellonian University in Kraków, Gronostajowa 9, 30-387, Krakow, Poland
| | - B Bilinska
- Department of Endocrinology, Institute of Zoology and Biomedical Research, Jagiellonian University in Kraków, Gronostajowa 9, 30-387, Krakow, Poland
| | - M Duliban
- Department of Endocrinology, Institute of Zoology and Biomedical Research, Jagiellonian University in Kraków, Gronostajowa 9, 30-387, Krakow, Poland
| | - E Gorowska-Wojtowicz
- Department of Endocrinology, Institute of Zoology and Biomedical Research, Jagiellonian University in Kraków, Gronostajowa 9, 30-387, Krakow, Poland
| | - W Tworzydlo
- Department of Developmental Biology and Invertebrate Morphology Institute of Zoology and Biomedical Research, Jagiellonian University in Kraków, Gronostajowa 9, 30-387, Krakow, Poland
| | - M Kotula-Balak
- Department of Endocrinology, Institute of Zoology and Biomedical Research, Jagiellonian University in Kraków, Gronostajowa 9, 30-387, Krakow, Poland.
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Cintron-Colon R, Shankar K, Sanchez-Alavez M, Conti B. Gonadal hormones influence core body temperature during calorie restriction. Temperature (Austin) 2019; 6:158-168. [PMID: 31286026 DOI: 10.1080/23328940.2019.1607653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2019] [Revised: 04/03/2019] [Accepted: 04/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
During calorie restriction (CR), endotherms adjust several physiological processes including the decrease of core body temperature (Tb) and reduction of energy expenditure. We recently found that CR-induced hypothermia is regulated in a sex-dependent manner in mice with lowered central insulin-like growth factor receptor signaling. Here, we describe the contribution of sex hormones to CR-induced hypothermia in wild type C57BL6 mice by measuring Tb of female and male mice following bilateral gonadectomy and hormonal replacement. Specifically, we evaluated the effects of progesterone (P4), 17-ß estradiol (E2), a combination of both (P4 + E2) in females and of 5-α dihydrotestosterone (5-α DHT) in males. Gonadectomy resulted in an earlier and stronger CR-induced hypothermia in both sexes. These effects were fully antagonized in females by E2 replacement, but not by P4, which had only minor and partial effects when used alone and did not prevent the action of E2 during CR when both hormones were given in combination. 5-α-DHT had only minor and transient effects on preventing the reduction of Tb during CR on gonadectomized male mice. These findings indicate that gonadal hormones contribute to sex-specific regulation of Tb and energy expenditure when nutrient availability is scarce. Abbreviations: AL: ad libitum; ANOVA: analysis of variance; CR: calorie restriction; E2: 17-ß estradiol; GNX: gonadectomy or gonadectomized; IGF-1R: insulin-like growth factor 1 receptor; POA: preoptic area; P4: progesterone; RM: repeated measures; SD: standard deviation; SEM: standard error of mean; Tb: core body temperature; WT: wildtype; 5-α DHT: 5-α dihydrotestosterone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rigo Cintron-Colon
- Department of Molecular Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Kokila Shankar
- Department of Molecular Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Manuel Sanchez-Alavez
- Department of Molecular Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA.,Facultad de Medicina y Psicología, Universidad Autónoma de Baja California, Tijuana, México
| | - Bruno Conti
- Department of Molecular Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
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Guo L, Chen YX, Hu YT, Wu XY, He Y, Wu JL, Huang ML, Mason M, Bao AM. Sex hormones affect acute and chronic stress responses in sexually dimorphic patterns: Consequences for depression models. Psychoneuroendocrinology 2018; 95:34-42. [PMID: 29793095 DOI: 10.1016/j.psyneuen.2018.05.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2018] [Revised: 03/12/2018] [Accepted: 05/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Alterations in peripheral sex hormones may play an important role in sex differences in terms of stress responses and mood disorders. It is not yet known whether and how stress-related brain systems and brain sex steroid levels fluctuate in relation to changes in peripheral sex hormone levels, or whether the different sexes show different patterns. We aimed to investigate systematically, in male and female rats, the effect of decreased circulating sex hormone levels following gonadectomy on acute and chronic stress responses, manifested as changes in plasma and hypothalamic sex steroids and hypothalamic stress-related molecules. METHOD Experiment (Exp)-1: Rats (14 males, 14 females) were gonadectomized or sham-operated (intact); Exp-2: gonadectomized and intact rats (28 males, 28 females) were exposed to acute foot shock or no stressor; and Exp-3: gonadectomized and intact rats (32 males, 32 females) were exposed to chronic unpredictable mild stress (CUMS) or no stressor. For all rats, plasma and hypothalamic testosterone (T), estradiol (E2), and the expression of stress-related molecules were determined, including corticotropin-releasing hormone, vasopressin, oxytocin, aromatase, and the receptors for estrogens, androgens, glucocorticoids, and mineralocorticoids. RESULTS Surprisingly, no significant correlation was observed in terms of plasma sex hormones, brain sex steroids, and hypothalamic stress-related molecule mRNAs (p > 0.113) in intact or gonadectomized, male or female, rats. Male and female rats, either intact or gonadectomized and exposed to acute or chronic stress, showed different patterns of stress-related molecule changes. CONCLUSION Diminished peripheral sex hormone levels lead to different peripheral and central patterns of change in the stress response systems in male and female rats. This has implications for the choice of models for the study of the different types of mood disorders which also show sex differences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Guo
- Department of Neurobiology, Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology of Ministry of Health of China, National Clinical Research Center for Mental Health Disorders, Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Mental Disorder's Management, Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Neurobiology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310058, P.R.China
| | - Yi-Xi Chen
- Department of Neurobiology, Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology of Ministry of Health of China, National Clinical Research Center for Mental Health Disorders, Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Mental Disorder's Management, Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Neurobiology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310058, P.R.China
| | - Yu-Ting Hu
- Department of Neurobiology, Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology of Ministry of Health of China, National Clinical Research Center for Mental Health Disorders, Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Mental Disorder's Management, Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Neurobiology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310058, P.R.China
| | - Xue-Yan Wu
- Department of Neurobiology, Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology of Ministry of Health of China, National Clinical Research Center for Mental Health Disorders, Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Mental Disorder's Management, Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Neurobiology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310058, P.R.China
| | - Yang He
- Department of Neurobiology, Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology of Ministry of Health of China, National Clinical Research Center for Mental Health Disorders, Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Mental Disorder's Management, Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Neurobiology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310058, P.R.China
| | - Juan-Li Wu
- Department of Neurobiology, Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology of Ministry of Health of China, National Clinical Research Center for Mental Health Disorders, Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Mental Disorder's Management, Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Neurobiology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310058, P.R.China
| | - Man-Li Huang
- Department of Mental Health, First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Mental Health Disorders, Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Mental Disorder's Management, Hangzhou, P.R.China
| | - Matthew Mason
- Netherlands Institute for Neuroscience, an Institute of the Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences, KNAW, Meibergdreef 47, 1105 BA, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Ai-Min Bao
- Department of Neurobiology, Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology of Ministry of Health of China, National Clinical Research Center for Mental Health Disorders, Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Mental Disorder's Management, Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Neurobiology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310058, P.R.China.
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Morselli E, Santos RS, Criollo A, Nelson MD, Palmer BF, Clegg DJ. The effects of oestrogens and their receptors on cardiometabolic health. Nat Rev Endocrinol 2017; 13:352-364. [PMID: 28304393 DOI: 10.1038/nrendo.2017.12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 112] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is one of the leading causes of mortality in developed countries. The incidence of CVD is sexually dimorphic, and research has focused on the contribution of sex steroids to the development and progression of the cardiometabolic syndrome, which is defined as a clustering of interrelated risk factors that promote the development of atherosclerosis (which can lead to CVD) and type 2 diabetes mellitus. Data are inconclusive as to how sex steroids and their respective receptors increase or suppress the risk of developing the cardiometabolic syndrome and thus CVD. In this Review, we discuss the potential role, or roles, of sex hormones in cardiometabolic health by first focusing on the influence of oestrogens and their receptors on the risk of developing cardiometabolic syndrome and CVD. We also highlight what is known about testosterone and its potential role in protecting against the development of the cardiometabolic syndrome and CVD. Given the inconclusive nature of the data regarding the direct effects of each sex hormone, we advocate and highlight the importance of studying the relative levels and the ratio of sex hormones to each other, as well as the use of cross sex hormone therapy and its effect on cardiometabolic health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eugenia Morselli
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago 8331150, Chile
| | - Roberta S Santos
- Obesity and Comorbidities Research Center, Institute of Biology, State University of Campinas, Campinas 1, 3083-864, Brazil
- Cedars-Sinai Diabetes and Obesity Research Institute, Department of Biomedical Research, Los Angeles, California 90048, USA
| | - Alfredo Criollo
- Advanced Center for Chronic Diseases (ACCDiS) and Center for Molecular Studies of the Cell (CEMC), Santiago 8380000, Chile
- Instituto de Investigación en Ciencias Odontológicas (ICOD), Facultad de Odontología, Universidad de Chile, Santiago 8380492, Chile
| | - Michael D Nelson
- Applied Physiology and Advanced Imaging Laboratory, Department of Kinesiology, University of Texas at Arlington, Texas 76019, USA
| | - Biff F Palmer
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75390, USA
| | - Deborah J Clegg
- Cedars-Sinai Diabetes and Obesity Research Institute, Department of Biomedical Research, Los Angeles, California 90048, USA
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Sá SI, Fonseca BM. Dynamics of progesterone and estrogen receptor alpha in the ventromedial hypothalamus. J Endocrinol 2017; 233:197-207. [PMID: 28283583 DOI: 10.1530/joe-16-0663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2017] [Accepted: 03/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Cyclic fluctuations of estradiol and progesterone in females influence neuronal activity in the ventrolateral division of the ventromedial hypothalamic nucleus (VMNvl), through the activation of progesterone receptors (PRs) and estrogen receptors (ERs). The expression of ER and PR in the VMNvl is influenced by their cognate ligands and is a central upstream trigger in the pathway of VMNvl-dependent modulation of endocrine responses. By studying the role played by estradiol and progesterone in PR and ERa expression in the VMNvl along the estrous cycle and how the two receptors interact in the same neuron, we aim to evaluate the synergistic action of both ovarian hormones in the regulation of VMNvl activity. In animals at all phases of the estrous cycle, the number of VMN neurons expressing PR or ERa was estimated by stereological methods, and the percentage, and rostro-caudal distribution, of neurons simultaneously expressing both receptors was determined. The highest number of PR-immunoreactive neurons was seen at proestrus, and of ERa-immunoreactive neurons was seen at proestrus and metestrus. The ERa/PR co-localization is increased at caudal levels. Approximately half the neurons expressing PR co-express ERa, a proportion that stays constant along the estrous cycle. The percentage of ERa neurons co-expressing PR changes from 60% at proestrus to 40% at metestrus. Fluctuations in circulating ovarian hormone levels promote coordinated changes in PR and ERa expression and co-localization. This may be an important mechanism in the regulation of input relayed by the VMNvl, allowing a precise modulation of endocrine responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susana I Sá
- Department of BiomedicineUnit of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Faculty of MedicineCenter for Health Technology and Services Research (CINTESIS), University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Bruno M Fonseca
- UCIBIOREQUIMTE, Department of Biological Sciences, Laboratory of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
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Freire-Regatillo A, Argente-Arizón P, Argente J, García-Segura LM, Chowen JA. Non-Neuronal Cells in the Hypothalamic Adaptation to Metabolic Signals. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2017; 8:51. [PMID: 28377744 PMCID: PMC5359311 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2017.00051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2017] [Accepted: 03/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Although the brain is composed of numerous cell types, neurons have received the vast majority of attention in the attempt to understand how this organ functions. Neurons are indeed fundamental but, in order for them to function correctly, they rely on the surrounding "non-neuronal" cells. These different cell types, which include glia, epithelial cells, pericytes, and endothelia, supply essential substances to neurons, in addition to protecting them from dangerous substances and situations. Moreover, it is now clear that non-neuronal cells can also actively participate in determining neuronal signaling outcomes. Due to the increasing problem of obesity in industrialized countries, investigation of the central control of energy balance has greatly increased in attempts to identify new therapeutic targets. This has led to interesting advances in our understanding of how appetite and systemic metabolism are modulated by non-neuronal cells. For example, not only are nutrients and hormones transported into the brain by non-neuronal cells, but these cells can also metabolize these metabolic factors, thus modifying the signals reaching the neurons. The hypothalamus is the main integrating center of incoming metabolic and hormonal signals and interprets this information in order to control appetite and systemic metabolism. Hence, the factors transported and released from surrounding non-neuronal cells will undoubtedly influence metabolic homeostasis. This review focuses on what is known to date regarding the involvement of different cell types in the transport and metabolism of nutrients and hormones in the hypothalamus. The possible involvement of non-neuronal cells, in particular glial cells, in physiopathological outcomes of poor dietary habits and excess weight gain are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alejandra Freire-Regatillo
- Department of Endocrinology, Hospital Infantil Universitario Niño Jesús, Instituto de Investigación la Princesa, Madrid, Spain
- Department of Pediatrics, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red: Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Madrid, Spain
| | - Pilar Argente-Arizón
- Department of Endocrinology, Hospital Infantil Universitario Niño Jesús, Instituto de Investigación la Princesa, Madrid, Spain
- Department of Pediatrics, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red: Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Madrid, Spain
| | - Jesús Argente
- Department of Endocrinology, Hospital Infantil Universitario Niño Jesús, Instituto de Investigación la Princesa, Madrid, Spain
- Department of Pediatrics, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red: Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Madrid, Spain
- IMDEA Food Institute, Campus of International Excellence (CEI) UAM + CSIC, Madrid, Spain
| | - Luis Miguel García-Segura
- Laboratory of Neuroactive Steroids, Department of Functional and Systems Neurobiology, Instituto Cajal, CSIC (Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas), Madrid, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fragilidad y Envejecimiento Saludable (CIBERFES), Madrid, Spain
| | - Julie A. Chowen
- Department of Endocrinology, Hospital Infantil Universitario Niño Jesús, Instituto de Investigación la Princesa, Madrid, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red: Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Madrid, Spain
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Physiological interactions between the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis and spleen in rams actively immunized against GnRH. Int Immunopharmacol 2016; 38:275-83. [DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2016.06.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2016] [Revised: 06/09/2016] [Accepted: 06/14/2016] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
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