1
|
Dhillon VS, Deo P, Fenech M. Low magnesium in conjunction with high homocysteine increases DNA damage in healthy middle aged Australians. Eur J Nutr 2024; 63:2555-2565. [PMID: 38864865 DOI: 10.1007/s00394-024-03449-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2024] [Accepted: 05/14/2024] [Indexed: 06/13/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE Magnesium is one of the most common elements in the human body and plays an important role as a cofactor of enzymes required for DNA replication and repair and many other biochemical mechanisms including sensing and regulating one-carbon metabolism deficiencies. Low intake of magnesium can increase the risk of many diseases, in particular, chronic degenerative disorders. However, its role in prevention of DNA damage has not been studied fully in humans so far. Therefore, we tested the hypothesis that magnesium deficiency either on its own or in conjunction with high homocysteine (Hcy) induces DNA damage in vivo in humans. METHODS The present study was carried out in 172 healthy middle aged subjects from South Australia. Blood levels of magnesium, Hcy, folate and vitamin B12 were measured. Cytokinesis-Block Micronucleus cytome assay was performed to measure three DNA damage biomarkers: micronuclei (MN), nucleoplasmic bridges (NPBs) and nuclear buds (NBuds) in peripheral blood lymphocytes. RESULTS Data showed that magnesium and Hcy are significantly inversely correlated with each other (r = - 0.299, p < 0.0001). Furthermore, magnesium is positively correlated both with folate (p = 0.002) and vitamin B12 (p = 0.007). Magnesium is also significantly inversely correlated with MN (p < 0.0001) and NPB (p < 0.0001). Individuals with low magnesium and high Hcy exhibited significantly higher frequency of MN and NPBs compared to those with high magnesium and low Hcy (p < 0.0001). Furthermore, there was an interactive effect between these two factors as well in inducing MN (p = 0.01) and NPB (p = 0.048). CONCLUSIONS The results obtained in the present study indicate for the first time that low in vivo levels of magnesium either on its own or in the presence of high Hcy increases DNA damage as evident by higher frequencies of MN and NPBs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Varinderpal S Dhillon
- Health and Biomedical Innovation, UniSA Clinical and Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, 5000, Australia.
| | - Permal Deo
- Health and Biomedical Innovation, UniSA Clinical and Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, 5000, Australia
| | - Michael Fenech
- Health and Biomedical Innovation, UniSA Clinical and Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, 5000, Australia
- Genome Health Foundation, North Brighton, 5048, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Hong X, Tian G, Zhu Y, Ren T. Exogeneous metal ions as therapeutic agents in cardiovascular disease and their delivery strategies. Regen Biomater 2023; 11:rbad103. [PMID: 38173776 PMCID: PMC10761210 DOI: 10.1093/rb/rbad103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2023] [Revised: 10/26/2023] [Accepted: 11/11/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Metal ions participate in many metabolic processes in the human body, and their homeostasis is crucial for life. In cardiovascular diseases (CVDs), the equilibriums of metal ions are frequently interrupted, which are related to a variety of disturbances of physiological processes leading to abnormal cardiac functions. Exogenous supplement of metal ions has the potential to work as therapeutic strategies for the treatment of CVDs. Compared with other therapeutic drugs, metal ions possess broad availability, good stability and safety and diverse drug delivery strategies. The delivery strategies of metal ions are important to exert their therapeutic effects and reduce the potential toxic side effects for cardiovascular applications, which are also receiving increasing attention. Controllable local delivery strategies for metal ions based on various biomaterials are constantly being designed. In this review, we comprehensively summarized the positive roles of metal ions in the treatment of CVDs from three aspects: protecting cells from oxidative stress, inducing angiogenesis, and adjusting the functions of ion channels. In addition, we introduced the transferability of metal ions in vascular reconstruction and cardiac tissue repair, as well as the currently available engineered strategies for the precise delivery of metal ions, such as integrated with nanoparticles, hydrogels and scaffolds.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoqian Hong
- Department of Cardiology of the Second Affiliated Hospital and State Key Laboratory of Transvascular Implantation Devices, Cardiovascular Key Laboratory of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310009, China
| | - Geer Tian
- Department of Cardiology of the Second Affiliated Hospital and State Key Laboratory of Transvascular Implantation Devices, Cardiovascular Key Laboratory of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310009, China
- Binjiang Institute of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310053, China
| | - Yang Zhu
- Binjiang Institute of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310053, China
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Tanchen Ren
- Department of Cardiology of the Second Affiliated Hospital and State Key Laboratory of Transvascular Implantation Devices, Cardiovascular Key Laboratory of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310009, China
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Zhang H, Wang R, Guo S, Tian Q, Zhang S, Guo L, Liu T, Wang R. Lower serum magnesium concentration and higher 24-h urinary magnesium excretion despite higher dietary magnesium intake in athletes: a systematic review and meta-analysis. FOOD SCIENCE AND HUMAN WELLNESS 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fshw.2023.02.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/29/2023]
|
4
|
Mišík M, Staudinger M, Kundi M, Worel N, Nersesyan A, Ferk F, Dusinska M, Azqueta A, Møller P, Knasmueller S. Use of the Single Cell Gel Electrophoresis Assay for the Detection of DNA-protective Dietary Factors: Results of Human Intervention Studies. MUTATION RESEARCH. REVIEWS IN MUTATION RESEARCH 2023; 791:108458. [PMID: 37031732 DOI: 10.1016/j.mrrev.2023.108458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2022] [Revised: 03/14/2023] [Accepted: 04/06/2023] [Indexed: 04/11/2023]
Abstract
The single cell gel electrophoresis technique is based on the measurement of DNA migration in an electric field and enables to investigate via determination of DNA-damage the impact of foods and their constituents on the genetic stability. DNA-damage leads to adverse effects including cancer, neurodegenerative disorders and infertility. In the last 25 years approximately 90 human intervention trials have been published in which DNA-damage, formation of oxidized bases, alterations of the sensitivity towards reactive oxygen species and chemicals and of repair functions were investigated with this technique. In approximately 50% of the studies protective effects were observed. Pronounced protection was found with certain plant foods (spinach, kiwi fruits, onions), coffee, green tea, honey and olive oil. Also diets with increased contents of vegetables caused positive effects. Small amounts of certain phenolics (gallic acid, xanthohumol) prevented oxidative damage of DNA; with antioxidant vitamins and cholecalciferol protective effects were only detected after intake of doses that exceed the recommended daily uptake values. The evaluation of the quality of the studies showed that many have methodological shortcomings (lack of controls, no calibration of repair enzymes, inadequate control of the compliance and statistical analyses) which should be avoided in future investigations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Miroslav Mišík
- Center for Cancer Research, Medical University of Vienna, Borschkegasse 8a, A 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Marlen Staudinger
- Center for Cancer Research, Medical University of Vienna, Borschkegasse 8a, A 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Michael Kundi
- Center for Public Health, Department of Environmental Health, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Nadine Worel
- Center for Cancer Research, Medical University of Vienna, Borschkegasse 8a, A 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Armen Nersesyan
- Center for Cancer Research, Medical University of Vienna, Borschkegasse 8a, A 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Franziska Ferk
- Center for Cancer Research, Medical University of Vienna, Borschkegasse 8a, A 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Maria Dusinska
- Health Effects Laboratory, Department of Environmental Chemistry, NILU-Norwegian Institute for Air Research, Instituttveien 18, 2002 Kjeller, Norway
| | - Amaya Azqueta
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Peter Møller
- Section of Environmental Health, Department of Public Health, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Siegfried Knasmueller
- Center for Cancer Research, Medical University of Vienna, Borschkegasse 8a, A 1090 Vienna, Austria.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Guzmán DC, Brizuela NO, Herrera MO, Peraza AV, Garcia EH, Mejía GB, Olguin HJ. Assessment of the Roles of Magnesium and Zinc in Clinical Disorders. Curr Neurovasc Res 2023; 20:505-513. [PMID: 38037909 DOI: 10.2174/0115672026275688231108184457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2023] [Revised: 08/28/2023] [Accepted: 08/30/2023] [Indexed: 12/02/2023]
Abstract
The ability and facility of magnesium (Mg2+) and zinc (Zn2+) to interact with phosphate ions confer them the characteristics of essential trace elements. Trace elements are extremely necessary for the basic nucleic acid chemistry of cells of all known living organisms. More than 300 enzymes require zinc and magnesium ions for their catalytic actions, including all the enzymes involved in the synthesis of ATP. In addition, enzymes such as isomerases, oxidoreductases, lyases, transferases, ligases and hydrolases that use other nucleotides to synthesize DNA and RNA require magnesium and zinc. These nucleotides may trigger oxidative damage or important changes against free radicals. In the same way, nucleotides may play an important role in the pathophysiology of degenerative diseases, including in some clinical disorders, where vascular risk factors, oxidative stress and inflammation work to destabilize the patients` homeostatic equilibrium. Indeed, reduced levels of zinc and magnesium may lead to inadequate amount of antioxidant enzymes, and thus, acts as an important contributing factor for the induction of oxidative stress leading to cellular or tissue dysfunction. Hence, the development of zinc or magnesium enzyme inhibitors could be a novel opportunity for the treatment of some human disorders. Therefore, the objective of the present work was to assess the clinical benefits of zinc and magnesium in human health and their effects in some clinical disorders.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- David Calderón Guzmán
- Laboratory of Neurosciences, Instituto Nacional de Pediatría (INP). Mexico City, CP 04530, Mexico
| | - Norma Osnaya Brizuela
- Laboratory of Neurosciences, Instituto Nacional de Pediatría (INP). Mexico City, CP 04530, Mexico
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
6
|
Zhang M, Jin C, Ding Y, Tao Y, Zhang Y, Fu Z, Zhou T, Zhang L, Song Z, Hao Z, Meng J, Liang C. Higher Intake of Fat, Vitamin E-(β+γ), Magnesium, Sodium, and Copper Increases the Susceptibility to Prostatitis-like Symptoms: Evidence from a Chinese Adult Cohort. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14183675. [PMID: 36145052 PMCID: PMC9501331 DOI: 10.3390/nu14183675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2022] [Revised: 08/31/2022] [Accepted: 09/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Prostatitis-like symptoms (PLS) lead to severe discomfort in males in their daily lives. Diet has been established as affecting PLS in our prior study, but the effect of nutrients, particularly for micronutrients remains largely unclear. Methods: This study enrolled 1284 participants from August 2020 to March 2021. The National Institute of Health−Chronic Prostatitis Symptom Index was used to assess PLS. The diet composition was evaluated by the Chinese Food Composition Tables. Results: Participants were separated into PLS (n = 216), control (n = 432), and noninflammatory-abnormal symptoms (NIANS) (n = 608) groups. We observed higher levels of carotene, vitamin C, vitamin E-(β+γ) and subclass, zinc, magnesium, selenium, potassium, sodium, iron and manganese in the PLS group than in the control group. After adjustment for the potential confounders, the elevated risk from IQR2 to IQR4 of fat (P for trend = 0.011), vitamin E-(β+γ) (P for trend = 0.003), magnesium (P for trend = 0.004), sodium (P for trend = 0.001) and copper (P for trend < 0.001) was identified. Conclusions: This is the first study to evaluate the nutrient distribution in PLS patients and reveal that the higher intake of fat, vitamin E-(β+γ), magnesium, sodium, and copper is associated with a risk of PLS.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Meng Zhang
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230022, China
- Institute of Urology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230022, China
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Genitourinary Diseases, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230022, China
| | - Chen Jin
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230022, China
- Institute of Urology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230022, China
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Genitourinary Diseases, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230022, China
| | - Yang Ding
- The Second Clinical Medical College, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230022, China
| | - Yuqing Tao
- The Second Clinical Medical College, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230022, China
| | - Yulin Zhang
- The Second Clinical Medical College, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230022, China
| | - Ziyue Fu
- The Second Clinical Medical College, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230022, China
| | - Tao Zhou
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230022, China
| | - Li Zhang
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230022, China
- Institute of Urology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230022, China
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Genitourinary Diseases, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230022, China
| | - Zhengyao Song
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230022, China
- Institute of Urology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230022, China
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Genitourinary Diseases, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230022, China
| | - Zongyao Hao
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230022, China
- Institute of Urology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230022, China
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Genitourinary Diseases, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230022, China
| | - Jialin Meng
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230022, China
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Genitourinary Diseases, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230022, China
- Anhui Clinical Research Center of Urology Disease, Hefei 230022, China
- Correspondence: (J.M.); (C.L.)
| | - Chaozhao Liang
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230022, China
- Institute of Urology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230022, China
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Genitourinary Diseases, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230022, China
- Correspondence: (J.M.); (C.L.)
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
El-Domiaty HF, El-Roghy ES, Salem HR. Combination of magnesium supplementation with treadmill exercise improves memory deficit in aged rats by enhancing hippocampal neurogenesis and plasticity: a functional and histological study. Appl Physiol Nutr Metab 2022; 47:296-308. [PMID: 35225658 DOI: 10.1139/apnm-2021-0133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate the possible ameliorative effects of co-supplementation with Mg2+ and treadmill exercise on memory deficit in aged rats. Fifty male albino rats (10 young and 40 aged rats) were divided into 5 groups (10 rats/group): young, aged sedentary, aged exercised, aged Mg2+-supplemented, and aged exercised and Mg2+-supplemented. Memory was assessed using the Y-maze and novel object recognition tests. Plasma samples were collected for measurement of C-reactive protein (CRP). Subsequently, brain malondialdehyde and catalase levels were measured. Histological and immunohistochemical analyses of the hippocampi were performed. Our results showed impaired memory in aged sedentary rats, with significantly elevated plasma CRP and brain malondialdehyde levels and decreased brain catalase. The hippocampus of aged sedentary rats showed cellular degeneration, downregulation of synaptophysin (SYP) and proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA), and upregulation of glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) and caspase-3. Mg2+ supplementation and/or treadmill exercise significantly improved memory tests in aged rats, which could be explained by the upregulation of hippocampal SYP and PCNA expression and downregulation of GFAP and caspase-3 expression with antioxidant and anti-inflammatory mechanisms. The combined therapy had a better effect than both treatments alone, confirming the role of Mg2+ supplementation with physical exercise in enhancing age-related memory deficit. Novelty: Magnesium supplementation with treadmill exercise improves memory deficit in aged rats. The possible mechanisms are upregulation of the hippocampal synaptophysin and PCNA, downregulation of GFAP and caspase-3, the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory mechanisms.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Heba Fathy El-Domiaty
- Medical Physiology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Menoufia University, Shebin El-Kom, Menoufia Governorate, Egypt
| | - Eman S El-Roghy
- Histology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Menoufia University, Shebin El-Kom, Menoufia Governorate, Egypt
| | - Heba Rady Salem
- Medical Physiology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Menoufia University, Shebin El-Kom, Menoufia Governorate, Egypt
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Alagawany M, Attia YA, Farag MR, Elnesr SS, Nagadi SA, Shafi ME, Khafaga AF, Ohran H, Alaqil AA, Abd El-Hack ME. The Strategy of Boosting the Immune System Under the COVID-19 Pandemic. Front Vet Sci 2021; 7:570748. [PMID: 33490124 PMCID: PMC7820179 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2020.570748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2020] [Accepted: 08/24/2020] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The novel coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) infection (COVID-19) has raised considerable concern on the entire planet. On March 11, 2020, COVID-19 was categorized by the World Health Organization (WHO) as a pandemic infection, and by March 18, 2020, it has spread to 146 countries. The first internal defense line against numerous diseases is personalized immunity. Although it cannot be claimed that personalized nutrition will have an immediate impact on a global pandemic, as the nutritional interventions required a long time to induce beneficial outcomes on immunity development, nutritional strategies are still able to clarify and have a beneficial influence on the interplay between physiology and diet, which could make a positive contribution to the condition in the next period. As such, a specific goal for every practitioner is to evaluate different tests to perceive the status of the patient, such as markers of inflammation, insulin regulation, and nutrient status, and to detect possible imbalances or deficiencies. During the process of disease development, the supplementation and addition of different nutrients and nutraceuticals can influence not only the viral replication but also the cellular mechanisms. It is essential to understand that every patient has its individual needs. Even though many nutrients, nutraceuticals, and drugs have beneficial effects on the immune response and can prevent or ameliorate viral infections, it is essential to detect at what stage in COVID-19 progression the patient is at the moment and decide what kind of nutrition intervention is necessary. Furthermore, understanding the pathogenesis of coronavirus infection is critical to make proper recommendations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mahmoud Alagawany
- Department of Poultry, Faculty of Agriculture, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Youssef A. Attia
- Agriculture Department, Faculty of Environmental Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
- The Strategic Center to Kingdom Vision Realization, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
- Animal and Poultry Production Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Damanhour University, Damanhour, Egypt
| | - Mayada R. Farag
- Forensic Medicine and Toxicology Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Shaaban S. Elnesr
- Department of Poultry Production, Faculty of Agriculture, Fayoum University, Fayoum, Egypt
| | - Sameer A. Nagadi
- Agriculture Department, Faculty of Environmental Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Manal E. Shafi
- Department of Biological Sciences, Zoology, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Asmaa F. Khafaga
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Husein Ohran
- Department of Physiology, Veterinary Faculty, University of Sarajevo, Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina
| | - Abdulaziz A. Alaqil
- Department of Animal and Fish Production, King Faisal University, Al-Hufof, Saudi Arabia
| | | |
Collapse
|
9
|
El-Bouhy ZM, Reda RM, Mahboub HH, Gomaa FN. Bioremediation effect of pomegranate peel on subchronic mercury immunotoxicity on African catfish (Clarias gariepinus). ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 28:2219-2235. [PMID: 32875451 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-020-10599-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2020] [Accepted: 08/23/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The primary aim of the present study is to evaluate the highest concentrations of heavy metals (HMs) in Nile catfish (Clarias gariepinus, C. gariepinus) and water samples, as well as to investigate the efficiency of pomegranate peels (PPs) (supplemented either through water or diet) in enhancing fish immunity and counteracting the toxicity of high concentrations of HMs. Water and C. gariepinus samples were collected from two private fish farms in Al Sharkia Governorate. Mercury (Hg) showed the highest concentration (0.13 ppm). The adsorption capacity of PP was evaluated by testing different concentrations, 0.3, 0.6, 0.9, 1.2, and 1.5 g L-1, wherein 1.5 g L-1 revealed the highest Hg adsorption efficiency. The results indicated that Hg concentration was decreased with increased PP concentration until 72 h. In a trial that lasted for 60 days, 240 C. gariepinus (75.12 ± 3.12 g) were randomly divided into eight equal groups with three replicates per group. The first group (CT) served as the negative control (fish fed on a basal diet). The second group (PPW) was fed on a basal diet and supplemented with 0.3 g L-1 of PP via water. The third (PPD1) and fourth (PPD2) groups received basal diets enriched with 1 and 2 g PP powder/kg diet. respectively. The fifth group (Hg) served as the positive control that was fed on a basal diet and exposed to 0.13 ppm of Hg. The sixth (Hg + PPW), seventh (Hg + PPD1), and eighth (Hg + PPD2) groups were exposed to 0.13 ppm of Hg and received the same type of treatment as in second, third, and fourth groups. Hg exposure significantly elevated aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), urea, and creatinine levels, as well as oxidative stress biomarkers, including reduced glutathione (GSH) and malondialdehyde (MDA). Pomegranate supplementation through diet elevated the levels of red blood cells (RBCs), hemoglobin (Hb), packed cell volume (PCV), lysozyme, and anti-protease activity. Moreover, PP supplementation through water revealed minimum urea and creatinine levels, and the highest nitric oxide level. Moreover, Hg residue level in fish muscles noticeably decreased in the PP-treated groups. These results demonstrated the efficiency of PP supplementation (either through water or diet) in enhancing fish immunity and counteracting subchronic Hg toxicity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zeinab M El-Bouhy
- Department of Fish Diseases and Management, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Sharkia, Zagazig, 44511, Egypt
| | - Rasha M Reda
- Department of Fish Diseases and Management, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Sharkia, Zagazig, 44511, Egypt.
| | - Heba H Mahboub
- Department of Fish Diseases and Management, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Sharkia, Zagazig, 44511, Egypt
| | - Fify N Gomaa
- Department of Fish Diseases and Management, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Sharkia, Zagazig, 44511, Egypt
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Mathew AA, Panonnummal R. 'Magnesium'-the master cation-as a drug-possibilities and evidences. Biometals 2021; 34:955-986. [PMID: 34213669 PMCID: PMC8249833 DOI: 10.1007/s10534-021-00328-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2020] [Accepted: 06/19/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Magnesium (Mg2+) is the 2nd most abundant intracellular cation, which participates in various enzymatic reactions; there by regulating vital biological functions. Magnesium (Mg2+) can regulate several cations, including sodium, potassium, and calcium; it consequently maintains physiological functions like impulse conduction, blood pressure, heart rhythm, and muscle contraction. But, it doesn't get much attention in account with its functions, making it a "Forgotten cation". Like other cations, maintenance of the normal physiological level of Mg2+ is important. Its deficiency is associated with various diseases, which point out to the importance of Mg2+ as a drug. The roles of Mg2+ such as natural calcium antagonist, glutamate NMDA receptor blocker, vasodilator, antioxidant and anti-inflammatory agent are responsible for its therapeutic benefits. Various salts of Mg2+ are currently in clinical use, but their application is limited. This review collates all the possible mechanisms behind the behavior of magnesium as a drug at different disease conditions with clinical shreds of evidence.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Aparna Ann Mathew
- Amrita School of Pharmacy, Amrita Institute of Medical Science & Research Centre, Amrita VishwaVidyapeetham, Kochi, 682041, India
| | - Rajitha Panonnummal
- Amrita School of Pharmacy, Amrita Institute of Medical Science & Research Centre, Amrita VishwaVidyapeetham, Kochi, 682041, India.
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Gasmi A, Tippairote T, Mujawdiya PK, Peana M, Menzel A, Dadar M, Gasmi Benahmed A, Bjørklund G. Micronutrients as immunomodulatory tools for COVID-19 management. Clin Immunol 2020; 220:108545. [PMID: 32710937 PMCID: PMC7833875 DOI: 10.1016/j.clim.2020.108545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2020] [Revised: 07/19/2020] [Accepted: 07/19/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
COVID-19 rapidly turned to a global pandemic posing lethal threats to overwhelming health care capabilities, despite its relatively low mortality rate. The clinical respiratory symptoms include dry cough, fever, anosmia, breathing difficulties, and subsequent respiratory failure. No known cure is available for COVID-19. Apart from the anti-viral strategy, the supports of immune effectors and modulation of immunosuppressive mechanisms is the rationale immunomodulation approach in COVID-19 management. Diet and nutrition are essential for healthy immunity. However, a group of micronutrients plays a dominant role in immunomodulation. The deficiency of most nutrients increases the individual susceptibility to virus infection with a tendency for severe clinical presentation. Despite a shred of evidence, the supplementation of a single nutrient is not promising in the general population. Individuals at high-risk for specific nutrient deficiencies likely benefit from supplementation. The individual dietary and nutritional status assessments are critical for determining the comprehensive actions in COVID-19.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Amin Gasmi
- Société Francophone de Nutrithérapie et de Nutrigénétique Appliquée, Villeurbanne, France
| | - Torsak Tippairote
- Philosophy Program in Nutrition, Faculty of Medicine, Ramathibodi Hospital and Institute of Nutrition, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand; Nutritional and Environmental Medicine Department, BBH Hospital, Bangkok, Thailand
| | | | | | | | - Maryam Dadar
- Razi Vaccine and Serum Research Institute, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Karaj, Iran
| | | | - Geir Bjørklund
- Council for Nutritional and Environmental Medicine (CONEM), Mo i Rana, Norway.
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Micronutrients and bioactive compounds in the immunological pathways related to SARS-CoV-2 (adults and elderly). Eur J Nutr 2020; 60:559-579. [PMID: 33084959 PMCID: PMC7576552 DOI: 10.1007/s00394-020-02410-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2020] [Accepted: 10/06/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
The new coronavirus pandemic is affecting the entire world with more than 25 million confirmed cases in August 2020 according to the World Health Organization. It is known that the virus can affect several tissues and can progress to a respiratory failure in severe cases. To prevent the progression to this stage of the disease and minimize all the damage caused by coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) the immune system must be in its integrity. A healthy nutritional status are fundamental to efficient immunological protection and consequently a good response to SARS-CoV-2. Micronutrients and bioactive compounds perform functions in immune cells that are extremely essential to stop SARS-CoV-2. Their adequate consumption is part of a non-pharmacological intervention to keep the immune system functioning. This review has as main objective to inform how micronutrients and bioactive compounds could act in the essential immunological pathways could stop SARS-CoV-2, focusing on the functions that have already established in the literature and transposing to this scenario.
Collapse
|
13
|
Ohanian M, Telouk P, Kornblau S, Albarede F, Ruvolo P, Tidwell RSS, Plesa A, Kanagal-Shamanna R, Matera EL, Cortes J, Carson A, Dumontet C. A heavy metal baseline score predicts outcome in acute myeloid leukemia. Am J Hematol 2020; 95:422-434. [PMID: 31944361 DOI: 10.1002/ajh.25731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2019] [Revised: 11/26/2019] [Accepted: 01/08/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Despite abundant epidemiological data linking metals to leukemia and other cancers, baseline values of toxic and essential metals in patients with leukemia and the clinical impact of these metals remain unknown. Thus, we sought to quantify metal values in untreated patients with acute myeloid leukemia (AML) and controls and determine the impact of metal values on AML patients' survival. Serum samples from patients with untreated AML and controls at Hospices Civils de Lyon were analyzed and compared for trace metals and copper isotopic abundance ratios with inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. Survival analysis was performed as a function of metal values, and a multi-metal score was developed for patients with AML. Serum samples were collected from 67 patients with untreated AML and 94 controls. Most patients had intermediate-risk cytogenetics (63.1%) without FLT3 internal tandem duplication mutations (75.6%) or NPM1 mutations (68.1%). Most metal values differed significantly between AML and control groups. Patients with lower magnesium and higher cadmium values had the worst survival rates, with only 36% surviving at 6 months (P = .001). The adverse prognostic effect of this combination was maintained on multivariate analysis. Based on this, we developed a novel metal score, which accounts for multiple relative abnormalities in the values of five toxic and five essential metals. Patients with a higher metal score had significantly worse survival, which was maintained on multivariate analysis (P = .03). This baseline metal scoring system was also prognostic when we applied it to a separate population of front-line AML patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maro Ohanian
- Department of Leukemia, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Philippe Telouk
- Department of Géosciences, École Normal Supérieure de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Steven Kornblau
- Department of Leukemia, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Francis Albarede
- Department of Géosciences, École Normal Supérieure de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Peter Ruvolo
- Department of Leukemia, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Rebecca S S Tidwell
- Department of Biostatistics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Adriana Plesa
- CRCL, INSERM 1052/CNRS 5286, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Rashmi Kanagal-Shamanna
- Department of Hematopathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Eva-Laure Matera
- CRCL, INSERM 1052/CNRS 5286, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | | | - Arch Carson
- Department of Epidemiology, Human Genetics and Environmental Sciences, The University of Texas School of Public Health, Houston, Texas
| | - Charles Dumontet
- CRCL, INSERM 1052/CNRS 5286, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Lyon, France
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Gombart AF, Pierre A, Maggini S. A Review of Micronutrients and the Immune System-Working in Harmony to Reduce the Risk of Infection. Nutrients 2020; 12:E236. [PMID: 31963293 PMCID: PMC7019735 DOI: 10.3390/nu12010236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 564] [Impact Index Per Article: 141.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2019] [Revised: 01/10/2020] [Accepted: 01/13/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Immune support by micronutrients is historically based on vitamin C deficiency and supplementation in scurvy in early times. It has since been established that the complex, integrated immune system needs multiple specific micronutrients, including vitamins A, D, C, E, B6, and B12, folate, zinc, iron, copper, and selenium, which play vital, often synergistic roles at every stage of the immune response. Adequate amounts are essential to ensure the proper function of physical barriers and immune cells; however, daily micronutrient intakes necessary to support immune function may be higher than current recommended dietary allowances. Certain populations have inadequate dietary micronutrient intakes, and situations with increased requirements (e.g., infection, stress, and pollution) further decrease stores within the body. Several micronutrients may be deficient, and even marginal deficiency may impair immunity. Although contradictory data exist, available evidence indicates that supplementation with multiple micronutrients with immune-supporting roles may modulate immune function and reduce the risk of infection. Micronutrients with the strongest evidence for immune support are vitamins C and D and zinc. Better design of human clinical studies addressing dosage and combinations of micronutrients in different populations are required to substantiate the benefits of micronutrient supplementation against infection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Adrian F. Gombart
- Linus Pauling Institute, Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Oregon State University, 307 Linus Pauling Science Center, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA;
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
15
|
Alagawany M, Attia YA, Farag MR, Elnesr SS, Nagadi SA, Shafi ME, Khafaga AF, Ohran H, Alaqil AA, Abd El-Hack ME. The Strategy of Boosting the Immune System Under the COVID-19 Pandemic. Front Vet Sci 2020. [PMID: 33490124 DOI: 10.3389/2ffvets.2020.570748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/30/2023] Open
Abstract
The novel coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) infection (COVID-19) has raised considerable concern on the entire planet. On March 11, 2020, COVID-19 was categorized by the World Health Organization (WHO) as a pandemic infection, and by March 18, 2020, it has spread to 146 countries. The first internal defense line against numerous diseases is personalized immunity. Although it cannot be claimed that personalized nutrition will have an immediate impact on a global pandemic, as the nutritional interventions required a long time to induce beneficial outcomes on immunity development, nutritional strategies are still able to clarify and have a beneficial influence on the interplay between physiology and diet, which could make a positive contribution to the condition in the next period. As such, a specific goal for every practitioner is to evaluate different tests to perceive the status of the patient, such as markers of inflammation, insulin regulation, and nutrient status, and to detect possible imbalances or deficiencies. During the process of disease development, the supplementation and addition of different nutrients and nutraceuticals can influence not only the viral replication but also the cellular mechanisms. It is essential to understand that every patient has its individual needs. Even though many nutrients, nutraceuticals, and drugs have beneficial effects on the immune response and can prevent or ameliorate viral infections, it is essential to detect at what stage in COVID-19 progression the patient is at the moment and decide what kind of nutrition intervention is necessary. Furthermore, understanding the pathogenesis of coronavirus infection is critical to make proper recommendations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mahmoud Alagawany
- Department of Poultry, Faculty of Agriculture, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Youssef A Attia
- Agriculture Department, Faculty of Environmental Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
- The Strategic Center to Kingdom Vision Realization, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
- Animal and Poultry Production Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Damanhour University, Damanhour, Egypt
| | - Mayada R Farag
- Forensic Medicine and Toxicology Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Shaaban S Elnesr
- Department of Poultry Production, Faculty of Agriculture, Fayoum University, Fayoum, Egypt
| | - Sameer A Nagadi
- Agriculture Department, Faculty of Environmental Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Manal E Shafi
- Department of Biological Sciences, Zoology, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Asmaa F Khafaga
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Husein Ohran
- Department of Physiology, Veterinary Faculty, University of Sarajevo, Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina
| | - Abdulaziz A Alaqil
- Department of Animal and Fish Production, King Faisal University, Al-Hufof, Saudi Arabia
| | | |
Collapse
|
16
|
Shokrpour M, Asemi Z. The Effects of Magnesium and Vitamin E Co-Supplementation on Hormonal Status and Biomarkers of Inflammation and Oxidative Stress in Women with Polycystic Ovary Syndrome. Biol Trace Elem Res 2019; 191:54-60. [PMID: 30565017 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-018-1602-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2018] [Accepted: 12/03/2018] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Synergistic approach of magnesium and vitamin E may benefit clinical symptoms of patients with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) through improving their metabolic profiles and reducing oxidative stress and inflammation. This study was designed to determine the effects of magnesium and vitamin E co-supplementation on hormonal status and biomarkers of inflammation and oxidative stress in women with PCOS. This randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial was conducted among 60 women with PCOS, aged 18-40 years old. Participants were randomly divided into two groups to take 250 mg/day magnesium plus 400 mg/day vitamin E supplements or placebo (n = 30 each group) for 12 weeks. Fasting blood samples were taken at baseline and after the 12-week intervention to quantify related variables. Magnesium and vitamin E co-supplementation resulted in a significant reduction in hirsutism (β - 0.37; 95% CI, - 0.70, - 0.05; P = 0.02) and serum high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) (β - 0.67 mg/L; 95% CI, - 1.20, - 0.14; P = 0.01), and a significant increase in plasma nitric oxide (NO) (β 3.40 μmol/L; 95% CI, 1.46, 5.35; P = 0.001) and total antioxidant capacity (TAC) levels (β 66.32 mmol/L; 95% CI, 43.80, 88.84; P < 0.001). Overall, magnesium and vitamin E co-supplementation for 12 weeks may benefit women with PCOS on hirsutism, serum hs-CRP, plasma NO, and TAC levels. Clinical trial registration number http://www.irct.ir : IRCT2017082733941N8.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Shokrpour
- Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center, Arak University of Medical Sciences, Arak, Iran
| | - Zatollah Asemi
- Research Center for Biochemistry and Nutrition in Metabolic Diseases, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Islamic Republic of Iran.
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
The effects of magnesium-zinc-calcium-vitamin D co-supplementation on biomarkers of inflammation, oxidative stress and pregnancy outcomes in gestational diabetes. BMC Pregnancy Childbirth 2019; 19:107. [PMID: 30922259 PMCID: PMC6440090 DOI: 10.1186/s12884-019-2258-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2018] [Accepted: 03/22/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Diabetes is the most common medical condition in pregnant women and its complications affect both mother and fetus. The beneficial effects of vitamin D on gestational diabetes have been shown, though data on the effects of co-administration of vitamin D with other nutrients on pregnancy outcomes in gestational diabetes (GDM) are scarce. This study was aimed to determine the effects of magnesium-zinc-calcium-vitamin D co-supplementation on parameters of inflammation and oxidative stress, and pregnancy outcomes among women with GDM. METHODS This randomized, double-blinded, placebo-controlled trial was conducted on 60 women with GDM not taking oral hypoglycemic agents. Patients were randomly assigned to take magnesium-zinc-calcium-vitamin D supplements (n = 30) or placebo (n = 30) for 6 weeks. Fasting blood samples were collected from participants at baseline and after the 6-week intervention to measure related biomarkers. RESULTS Magnesium-zinc-calcium-vitamin D co-supplementation resulted in a significant reduction in serum high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (- 1.2 ± 3.5 vs. + 0.8 ± 2.0 mg/L, P = 0.01) and plasma malondialdehyde concentrations (- 0.3 ± 0.3 vs. + 0.3 ± 1.1 μmol/L, P = 0.003), as well as a significant increase in total antioxidant capacity levels (+ 38.2 ± 76.5 vs. -16.3 ± 93.5 mmol/L, P = 0.01), compared to placebo. We found a decreasing trend in newborns' weight (3089.8 ± 519.9 vs. 3346.3 ± 411.1 g, P = 0.05) and the rate of macrosomia (3.3% vs. 16.7%, P = 0.08) in the magnesium-zinc-calcium-vitamin D supplemented women. CONCLUSIONS Overall, the findings of this study have demonstrated that magnesium-zinc-calcium-vitamin D co-supplementation for 6 weeks to women with GDM may reduce biomarkers of inflammation and oxidative stress. This study was retrospectively registered on 25 April 2017 in the Iranian website ( www.irct.ir ) for clinical trials registration ( http://www.irct.ir : IRCT201704225623N109).
Collapse
|
18
|
Heffernan SM, Horner K, De Vito G, Conway GE. The Role of Mineral and Trace Element Supplementation in Exercise and Athletic Performance: A Systematic Review. Nutrients 2019; 11:E696. [PMID: 30909645 PMCID: PMC6471179 DOI: 10.3390/nu11030696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2019] [Revised: 03/12/2019] [Accepted: 03/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Minerals and trace elements (MTEs) are micronutrients involved in hundreds of biological processes. Deficiency in MTEs can negatively affect athletic performance. Approximately 50% of athletes have reported consuming some form of micronutrient supplement; however, there is limited data confirming their efficacy for improving performance. The aim of this study was to systematically review the role of MTEs in exercise and athletic performance. Six electronic databases and grey literature sources (MEDLINE; EMBASE; CINAHL and SportDISCUS; Web of Science and clinicaltrials.gov) were searched, in accordance with PRISMA guidelines. Results: 17,433 articles were identified and 130 experiments from 128 studies were included. Retrieved articles included Iron (n = 29), Calcium (n = 11), Magnesium, (n = 22), Phosphate (n = 17), Zinc (n = 9), Sodium (n = 15), Boron (n = 4), Selenium (n = 5), Chromium (n = 12) and multi-mineral articles (n = 5). No relevant articles were identified for Copper, Manganese, Iodine, Nickel, Fluoride or Cobalt. Only Iron and Magnesium included articles of sufficient quality to be assigned as 'strong'. Currently, there is little evidence to support the use of MTE supplementation to improve physiological markers of athletic performance, with the possible exception of Iron (in particular, biological situations) and Magnesium as these currently have the strongest quality evidence. Regardless, some MTEs may possess the potential to improve athletic performance, but more high quality research is required before support for these MTEs can be given. PROSPERO preregistered (CRD42018090502).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shane Michael Heffernan
- School of Public Health, Physiotherapy and Sports Science, University College Dublin, D04 V1W8 Dublin 4, Ireland.
| | - Katy Horner
- School of Public Health, Physiotherapy and Sports Science, University College Dublin, D04 V1W8 Dublin 4, Ireland.
| | - Giuseppe De Vito
- School of Public Health, Physiotherapy and Sports Science, University College Dublin, D04 V1W8 Dublin 4, Ireland.
| | - Gillian Eileen Conway
- School of Food Science and Environmental Health, Dublin Institute of Technology, Dublin 8, Ireland.
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Gromova OA, Torshin IY, Sorokina MA, Gromov AN. Magnesium and vitamin B2 supplementation is an important nutritional resource of sports medicine. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2019. [DOI: 10.21518/2079-701x-2018-21-216-230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
The supply of the with magnesium and vitamin B2 is essential to maintain the energy metabolism of cells, hormonal balance, endurance, immunity, cardiovascular health of athletes. As a result, by increasing the availability of these micronutrients, it is possible to increase maximum aerobic power, achieve better sports results and stimulate adequate recovery after competition or after intensive training. A promising way to increase the supply of athletes with magnesium and vitamin B2 is the use of aqueous solutions of magnesium citrate in combination with riboflavin.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- O. A. Gromova
- Federal Research Center «Informatics and Management» of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Institute of Pharmacoinformatics; Big Data Storage & Analysis Center, Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education «Lomonosov Moscow State University»
| | - I. Yu. Torshin
- Big Data Storage & Analysis Center, Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education «Lomonosov Moscow State University»
| | - M. A. Sorokina
- Federal State Budgetary Institution of Science «Center for Theoretical Problems of Physico-Chemical Pharmacology RAS»
| | - A. N. Gromov
- Federal Research Center «Informatics and Management» of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Institute of Pharmacoinformatics
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Venancio VP, Almeida MR, Antunes LMG. Cocoplum ( Chrysobalanus icaco L.) decreases doxorubicin-induced DNA damage and downregulates Gadd45a , Il-1β , and Tnf-α in vivo. Food Res Int 2018; 105:996-1002. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2017.12.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2017] [Revised: 12/01/2017] [Accepted: 12/02/2017] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
|
21
|
Abstract
Athletes have specific needs based on sex, size, sport, exercise intensity, duration of activity, phase of training, and the season in which the sport is played. Nutritionally, the female athlete is unique, with needs that may vary based on hormonal fluctuations related to the menstrual cycle. This article provides an overview of the distinct nutritional needs and concerns of the physically active female, including energy availability, macronutrient needs, micronutrient needs, hydration, supplements, and other nutritional issues. Although there is some research focusing specifically on the female athlete and her exceptional nutritional concerns, further gender-specific exploration is needed in all areas.
Collapse
|
22
|
Affiliation(s)
- David Gurwitz
- Department of Human Molecular Genetics and Biochemistry, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Sagol School of Neuroscience, Tel Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Comet assay: an essential tool in toxicological research. Arch Toxicol 2016; 90:2315-36. [DOI: 10.1007/s00204-016-1767-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2016] [Accepted: 06/14/2016] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
|