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Zeng Z, Sun Z, Wu CY, Long F, Shen H, Zhou J, Li SL. Quality evaluation of Pterocephali Herba through simultaneously quantifying 18 bioactive components by UPLC-TQ-MS/MS analysis. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2024; 238:115828. [PMID: 37918282 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2023.115828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2023] [Revised: 09/29/2023] [Accepted: 10/27/2023] [Indexed: 11/04/2023]
Abstract
Pterocephali Herba (PH), the dried whole plant of Pterocephalus hookeri, is a Tibetan medicine commonly used to treat rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Iridoids, triterpenoids, flavonoids and phenylpropanoids are the major groups of bioactive constituents from PH. However, only ursolic acid and oleanolic acid, two unspecific triterpenoid components, are used as markers for the quality control of PH in Chinese Pharmacopoeia. Herein, an UPLC-TQ-MS/MS integrating SIR and MRM mode method for simultaneously quantifying 18 components, i.e., 9 iridoids, 3 triterpenoids, 3 phenylpropanoids, 2 flavonoids and quinic acid, in PH was developed and validated, and was used to evaluate 10 batches of PH samples from different origins. Hierarchical cluster analysis (HCA) was used to show the clustering of PH samples, while spearman correlation analysis was adopted to evaluate the correlation between ursolic acid/oleanolic acid and other quantified components. It was found that the established method was sensitive, precise, and accurate enough for the simultaneous quantification of 18 analytes in PH samples. Significant differences were found among the contents of 18 components in PH samples, no apparent clustering of the quality of PH samples was found to be related to its origins, and the contents of ursolic acid/oleanolic acid were only significantly correlated to the content of sylvestroside I, dipsanoside B, dipsanoside A in PH. Our results suggested that the newly established multi-components quantitative method is an improved approach for quality evaluation of PH samples. Furthermore, the holistic quality was inconsistent among PH samples, and ursolic acid/oleanolic acid alone could not indicate the holistic quality variation trend of PH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Zeng
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, Affiliated Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Zhe Sun
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, Affiliated Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Cheng-Ying Wu
- Department of Metabolomics, Jiangsu Province Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine and Jiangsu Branch of China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Nanjing, China
| | - Fang Long
- Department of Metabolomics, Jiangsu Province Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine and Jiangsu Branch of China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Nanjing, China
| | - Hong Shen
- Department of Metabolomics, Jiangsu Province Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine and Jiangsu Branch of China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Nanjing, China
| | - Jing Zhou
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, Affiliated Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China.
| | - Song-Lin Li
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, Affiliated Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China; Department of Metabolomics, Jiangsu Province Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine and Jiangsu Branch of China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Nanjing, China.
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Singh A, Ansari VA, Mahmood T, Ahsan F, Wasim R, Maheshwari S, Shariq M, Parveen S, Shamim A. Emerging Nanotechnology for the Treatment of Alzheimer's Disease. CNS & NEUROLOGICAL DISORDERS DRUG TARGETS 2024; 23:687-696. [PMID: 37138478 DOI: 10.2174/1871527322666230501232815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2022] [Revised: 12/05/2022] [Accepted: 12/29/2022] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Nanotechnology is a great choice for medical research, and the green synthesis approach is a novel and better way to synthesize nanoparticles. Biological sources are cost-effective, environmentally friendly, and allow large-scale production of nanoparticles. Naturally obtained 3 β-hydroxy-urs- 12-en-28-oic acids reported for neuroprotective and dendritic structure are reported as solubility enhancers. Plants are free from toxic substances and act as natural capping agents. In this review, the pharmacological properties of ursolic acid (UA) and the structural properties of the dendritic structure are discussed. UA acid appears to have negligible toxicity and immunogenicity, as well as favorable biodistribution, according to the current study, and the dendritic structure improves drug solubility, prevents drug degradation, increases circulation time, and potentially targets by using different pathways with different routes of administration. Nanotechnology is a field in which materials are synthesized at the nanoscale. Nanotechnology could be the next frontier of humankind's technological advancement. Richard Feynman first used the term 'Nanotechnology' in his lecture, "There is Plenty of Room at the Bottom", on 29th December, 1959, and since then, interest has increased in the research on nanoparticles. Nanotechnology is capable of helping humanity by solving major challenges, particularly in neurological disorders like Alzheimer's disease (AD), the most prevalent type, which may account for 60-70% of cases. Other significant forms of dementia include vascular dementia, dementia with Lewy bodies (abnormal protein aggregates that form inside nerve cells), and a number of illnesses that exacerbate frontotemporal dementia. Dementia is an acquired loss of cognition in several cognitive domains that are severe enough to interfere with social or professional functioning. However, dementia frequently co-occurs with other neuropathologies, typically AD with cerebrovascular dysfunction. Clinical presentations show that neurodegenerative diseases are often incurable because patients permanently lose some neurons. A growing body of research suggests that they also advance our knowledge of the processes that are probably crucial for maintaining the health and functionality of the brain. Serious neurological impairment and neuronal death are the main features of neurodegenerative illnesses, which are also extremely crippling ailments. The most prevalent neurodegenerative disorders cause cognitive impairment and dementia, and as average life expectancy rises globally, their effects become more noticeable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aditya Singh
- Department of Pharmacy, Integral University, Dasauli, Kursi Road, Lucknow, UP-226026, India
| | - Vaseem Ahamad Ansari
- Department of Pharmacy, Integral University, Dasauli, Kursi Road, Lucknow, UP-226026, India
| | - Tarique Mahmood
- Department of Pharmacy, Integral University, Dasauli, Kursi Road, Lucknow, UP-226026, India
| | - Farogh Ahsan
- Department of Pharmacy, Integral University, Dasauli, Kursi Road, Lucknow, UP-226026, India
| | - Rufaida Wasim
- Department of Pharmacy, Integral University, Dasauli, Kursi Road, Lucknow, UP-226026, India
| | - Shubhrat Maheshwari
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences Rama University Mandhana, Bithoor Road, Kanpur, Uttar Pradesh-209217, India
| | - Mohammad Shariq
- Department of Pharmacy, Integral University, Dasauli, Kursi Road, Lucknow, UP-226026, India
| | - Saba Parveen
- Department of Pharmacy, Integral University, Dasauli, Kursi Road, Lucknow, UP-226026, India
| | - Arshiya Shamim
- Department of Pharmacy, Integral University, Dasauli, Kursi Road, Lucknow, UP-226026, India
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Optimization of Ursolic Acid Extraction in Oil from Annurca Apple to Obtain Oleolytes with Potential Cosmeceutical Application. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:antiox12020224. [PMID: 36829781 PMCID: PMC9952326 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12020224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2022] [Revised: 01/13/2023] [Accepted: 01/16/2023] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Ursolic acid (UA) is a plant-derived molecule with relevant anti-aging activity, which makes this molecule a potential functional active ingredient in cosmetic formulations. The main objectives of this study were to optimize the UA extraction process from Annurca apple (AA) with sunflower oil as a lyophilic food-grade solvent using Response Surface Methodology (RSM) to determine the potential cosmetic application of the obtained extract. The results of RSM analysis showed a maximum UA yield of 784.40 ± 7.579 (μg/mL) obtained under the following optimized conditions: sunflower oil as extraction solvent, 68.85 °C as extraction temperature, and 63 h as extraction time. The HPLC-DAD-HESI-MS/MS analysis performed on the extract obtained under these conditions, named Optimized Annurca Apple Oleolyte (OAAO), led to the identification of twenty-three phenolic and terpenoid molecules and the quantification of eight of them. To explore the biological properties of OAAO, the in vitro antioxidant activity was evaluated by DPPH, ABTS, and FRAP assays, resulting in 16.63 ± 0.22, 5.90 ± 0.49, and 21.72 ± 0.68 μmol Trolox equivalent/g extract, respectively. Moreover, the permeation study has shown that OAAO may be considered a safe and functional ingredient in potential cosmetic formulations.
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Li M, Wang P, Zhang X, Wang H, Li K, Bai Y. Development of a Modified QuEChERS Method Based on Magnetic Multi-Walled Carbon Nanotubes as a Clean-Up Adsorbent for the Analysis of Heterocyclic Aromatic Amines in Braised Sauce Beef. Foods 2022; 12:foods12010138. [PMID: 36613354 PMCID: PMC9818259 DOI: 10.3390/foods12010138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2022] [Revised: 12/18/2022] [Accepted: 12/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Heterocyclic aromatic amines (HAAs) generated during the cooking of meats cause adverse effects on human health. The purpose of the current research was to develop a modified QuEChERS (Quick, Easy, Cheap, Effective, Rugged, Safe) method using magnetic multi-walled carbon nanotubes (Fe3O4-MWCNTs) as clean-up adsorbents for the rapid determination of HAAs in braised sauce beef. The significant parameters in extraction and clean-up processes were screened and optimized. Under optimal conditions, the LODs ranged from 3.0 ng/g to 4.2 ng/g. The recoveries (78.5−103.2%) and relative standard deviations RSDs (<4.6%) of five HAAs were obtained. These are in accordance with the validation criteria (recovery in the range of 70−120% with RSD less than 20%). Compared with conventional clean-up adsorbents (PSA or C18), Fe3O4-MWCNTs displayed equivalent or better matrix removal efficiency, while making the pretreatment process easier and more time-saving through magnetic separation. Less usage of adsorbent makes the method possess another advantage of being lower in cost per sample. The method developed was successfully applied to analyze real samples collected from local deli counters, demonstrating Fe3O4-MWCNTs could be considered as an effective alternative adsorbent with great potential in the QuEChERS process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Li
- College of Food and Bioengineering, Zhengzhou University of Light Industry, Zhengzhou 450001, China
- Henan Key Laboratory of Cold Chain Food Quality and Safety Control, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Pengxiang Wang
- College of Food and Bioengineering, Zhengzhou University of Light Industry, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Xu Zhang
- College of Food and Bioengineering, Zhengzhou University of Light Industry, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Hongyu Wang
- College of Food and Bioengineering, Zhengzhou University of Light Industry, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Ke Li
- College of Food and Bioengineering, Zhengzhou University of Light Industry, Zhengzhou 450001, China
- Henan Key Laboratory of Cold Chain Food Quality and Safety Control, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Yanhong Bai
- College of Food and Bioengineering, Zhengzhou University of Light Industry, Zhengzhou 450001, China
- Henan Key Laboratory of Cold Chain Food Quality and Safety Control, Zhengzhou 450001, China
- Correspondence:
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Nguyen KNH, Tran LH, Nguyen NVT, Duong NT, Dai XTT, Le CTT, Nguyen KT. New QuEChERS method for quantification of Physalin B and D in Physalis angulata L. in Vietnam. PHARMACIA 2022. [DOI: 10.3897/pharmacia.69.e89580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
In Vietnam, Physalis angulata L. has been widely used as a traditional medicine to treat fever, anti-inflammatory, and expectorant. Currently, there have been studies on the content of chemical composition especially physalin with anti-diabetic, anti-inflammatory, antibacterial, prevent cancer. This study developed a reliable and sensitive method to determine and validate simultaneous Physalin B and Physalin D in Physalis angulata L.. The QuEChERS method was used for sample preparation from leaf matrices and quantified by using High-performance liquid chromatography coupled with a diode-array detector. The method of research was validated under AOAC and ICH guidance. Chromatography conditions include Agilent C18 column (250mm × 4,6mm; 5µm) with a gradient mode using acetonitrile – methanol-water as mobile phase. The recovery of the method ranged from 94.21 – 105.93% and RSD was from 1.20 – 2.31%, the LOD, and LOQ were 0.4 mg/kg – 2.4 mg/kg, respectively. The results of the study showed that the proposed the new QuEChERS method for quantification of Physalin B and D in Physalis angulata L. in Vietnam.
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Marques SPD, Owen RW, da Silva AMA, Alves Neto ML, Trevisan MTS. QuEChERS extraction for quantitation of bitter acids and xanthohumol in hops by HPLC-UV. Food Chem 2022; 388:132964. [PMID: 35447586 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2022.132964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2021] [Revised: 03/27/2022] [Accepted: 04/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
We hypothesised that QuEChERS could be successfully applied to the extraction of bitter acids and xanthohumol from hops, which would be less time consuming, cheaper, and more eco-friendly by the severe reduction of solvent use. High performance liquid chromatography was used to separate the compounds after extraction and quantitation was evaluated against standard calibration curves for bitter acids prepared from an International calibration extract (ICE-4) and an authentic standard of xanthohumol. The standard QuEChERS method was compared to mini and micro-versions including clean-up and spiking procedures. The quantitative analyzes indicate the applicability of the QuEChERS method for the quantitation of bitter acids compared to Soxhlet extraction. The statistical data confirm reproducibility of the total alpha- and beta- acids measured by the standard method and the modified mini- and micro-QuEChERS procedures. Our hypothesis is supported by the data described and is consistent with other previous methods described in the literature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel Pedro Dantas Marques
- Instituto Federal de Educação, Ciência e Tecnologia do Ceará, Departamento de Química, Av. José de Freitas Queiroz, 5000, Quixadá, CE CEP: 63902-580, Brazil; Programa de Pós-graduação em Química, Departamento de Química Orgânica e Inorgânica, Universidade Federal do Ceará, Campus do Pici - Bloco 935 superior - Laboratório de Produtos Naturais e Biotecnologia (LPNBio), CP: 60451-970 Fortaleza, CE, Brazil.
| | - Robert Wyn Owen
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Química, Departamento de Química Orgânica e Inorgânica, Universidade Federal do Ceará, Campus do Pici - Bloco 935 superior - Laboratório de Produtos Naturais e Biotecnologia (LPNBio), CP: 60451-970 Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
| | - Ana Maria Amaral da Silva
- Universidade Federal do Ceará, Departamento de Pós-Graduação em Química, Campus do Pici - Bloco 940 - Cx. Postal: 6021, CEP: 60455-760 Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
| | - Manoel Lourenço Alves Neto
- Departamento de Física, Universidade Federal do Ceará, Campus do Pici, Fortaleza, Ceará 60455-760, Brazil.
| | - Maria Teresa Salles Trevisan
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Química, Departamento de Química Orgânica e Inorgânica, Universidade Federal do Ceará, Campus do Pici - Bloco 935 superior - Laboratório de Produtos Naturais e Biotecnologia (LPNBio), CP: 60451-970 Fortaleza, CE, Brazil.
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Grabowska K, Żmudzki P, Wróbel-Biedrawa D, Podolak I. Simultaneous Quantification of Ursolic and Oleanolic Acids in Glechoma hederacea and Glechoma hirsuta by UPLC/MS/MS. PLANTA MEDICA 2021; 87:305-313. [PMID: 33450770 DOI: 10.1055/a-1345-9377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The content of ursolic acid and oleanolic acid was determined in different plant parts of two Glechoma species, G. hederacea and G. hirsuta. To achieve optimal extraction conditions of ursolic acid and oleanolic acid from plant material, several methods including maceration, heat reflux, Soxhlet, and ultrasonic extraction, as well as various solvents (methanol, dichloromethane, ethyl acetate), were investigated and compared.For the simultaneous quantification of pentacyclic triterpenes in extracts from Glechoma sp., an UPLC-MS/MS was developed and validated. The method exhibited good linearity, precision, and recovery, and it also was simple, specific, and fast. We developed the method for future application in the quality control of plant materials and botanical extracts containing ursolic acid and oleanolic acid. With regard to the triterpene constituents, both G. hederacea and G. hirsuta can be used equally, and the aboveground parts of both species, but the leaves especially, are abundant sources of ursolic acid (7.1 - 7.5 mg/g dry weight [DW]). Dichloromethane as an extractant provided the best extraction efficiency as well as selectivity to obtain Glechoma extracts rich in triterpenes as compared to methanol and ethyl acetate, regardless of the particular extraction technique. Dry dichloromethane extracts from aerial parts of Glechoma sp. obtained by the heat reflux method resulted in products with a high content of UA (17 - 25% w/w) are considered to be convenient and rich sources of this compound.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karolina Grabowska
- Jagiellonian University Medical College, Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmacognosy, Kraków, Poland
| | - Paweł Żmudzki
- Jagiellonian University Medical College, Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Kraków, Poland
| | - Dagmara Wróbel-Biedrawa
- Jagiellonian University Medical College, Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmacognosy, Kraków, Poland
| | - Irma Podolak
- Jagiellonian University Medical College, Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmacognosy, Kraków, Poland
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Khwaza V, Oyedeji OO, Aderibigbe BA. Ursolic Acid-Based Derivatives as Potential Anti-Cancer Agents: An Update. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E5920. [PMID: 32824664 PMCID: PMC7460570 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21165920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2020] [Revised: 05/12/2020] [Accepted: 05/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Ursolic acid is a pharmacologically active pentacyclic triterpenoid derived from medicinal plants, fruit, and vegetables. The pharmacological activities of ursolic acid have been extensively studied over the past few years and various reports have revealed that ursolic acid has multiple biological activities, which include anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, anti-cancer, etc. In terms of cancer treatment, ursolic acid interacts with a number of molecular targets that play an essential role in many cell signaling pathways. It suppresses transformation, inhibits proliferation, and induces apoptosis of tumor cells. Although ursolic acid has many benefits, its therapeutic applications in clinical medicine are limited by its poor bioavailability and absorption. To overcome such disadvantages, researchers around the globe have designed and developed synthetic ursolic acid derivatives with enhanced therapeutic effects by structurally modifying the parent skeleton of ursolic acid. These structurally modified compounds display enhanced therapeutic effects when compared to ursolic acid. This present review summarizes various synthesized derivatives of ursolic acid with anti-cancer activity which were reported from 2015 to date.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Blessing A. Aderibigbe
- Department of Chemistry, University of Fort Hare, Alice Campus, Alice 5700, Eastern Cape, South Africa; (V.K.); (O.O.O.)
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Fatoki TH, Ibraheem O, Ogunyemi IO, Akinmoladun AC, Ugboko HU, Adeseko CJ, Awofisayo OA, Olusegun SJ, Enibukun JM. Network analysis, sequence and structure dynamics of key proteins of coronavirus and human host, and molecular docking of selected phytochemicals of nine medicinal plants. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2020; 39:6195-6217. [PMID: 32686993 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2020.1794971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The novel coronavirus of 2019 (nCoV-19) has become a pandemic, affecting over 205 nations with over 7,410,000 confirmed cases which has resulted to over 418,000 deaths worldwide. This study aimed to identify potential therapeutic compounds and phytochemicals of medicinal plants that have potential to modulate the expression network of genes that are involve in SARS-CoV-2 pathology in human host and to understand the dynamics key proteins involved in the virus-host interactions. The method used include gene network analysis, molecular docking, and sequence and structure dynamics simulations. The results identified DNA-dependent protein kinase (DNA-PK) and Protein kinase CK2 as key players in SARS-CoV-2 lifecycle. Among the predicted drugs compounds, clemizole, monorden, spironolactone and tanespimycin showed high binding energies; among the studied repurposing compounds, remdesivir, simeprevir and valinomycin showed high binding energies; among the predicted acidic compounds, acetylursolic acid and hardwickiic acid gave high binding energies; while among the studied anthraquinones and glycosides compounds, ellagitannin and friedelanone showed high binding energies against 3-Chymotrypsin-like protease (3CLpro), Papain-like protease (PLpro), helicase (nsp13), RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (nsp12), 2'-O-ribose methyltransferase (nsp16) of SARS-CoV-2 and DNA-PK and CK2alpha in human. The order of affinity for CoV proteins is 5Y3E > 6NUS > 6JYT > 2XYR > 3VB6. Finally, medicinal plants with phytochemicals such as caffeine, ellagic acid, quercetin and their derivatives could possibly remediate COVID-19.Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toluwase Hezekiah Fatoki
- Translational Bioinformatics Unit, Department of Biochemistry, Federal University Oye Ekiti, Oye Ekiti, Ekiti State, Nigeria
| | - Omodele Ibraheem
- Translational Bioinformatics Unit, Department of Biochemistry, Federal University Oye Ekiti, Oye Ekiti, Ekiti State, Nigeria
| | | | | | - Harriet U Ugboko
- Microbiology Research Unit, Department of Biological Sciences, Covenant University, Ota, Ogun State, Nigeria
| | | | - Oladoja A Awofisayo
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, University of Uyo, Uyo, Nigeria
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Guo Q, He J, Zhang H, Yao L, Li H. Oleanolic acid alleviates oxidative stress in Alzheimer's disease by regulating stanniocalcin-1 and uncoupling protein-2 signalling. Clin Exp Pharmacol Physiol 2020; 47:1263-1271. [PMID: 32100892 DOI: 10.1111/1440-1681.13292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2019] [Revised: 02/21/2020] [Accepted: 02/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Oxidative stress is thought to play an important role in the occurrence and development of Alzheimer's disease (AD) and antioxidants may delay or even treat AD. Oleanolic acid (OA) exhibits antioxidant properties against many diseases. However, its effects on oxidative stress in AD remain unclear. Here, we explored the role and mechanism of action of OA in N2a/APP695swe cells exposed to oxidative stress. The cells were incubated with different concentrations of OA (0, 5, 8, 10, 15, and 25 μmol/L) for 24 hours. Higher concentrations of OA (10, 15, and 25 μmol/L) significantly suppressed the apoptosis, caspase-3 activity, reactive oxygen species level, and β amyloid (Aβ) content and increased the viability of these cells. OA (10 μmol/L) also increased the expression of stanniocalcin-1 (STC-1) and uncoupling protein-2 (UCP2) in N2a/APP695swe cells. STC-1 interference markedly reversed the effect of OA on UCP2, indicating that OA may regulate UCP2 expression in N2a/APP695swe cells via STC-1. Moreover, UCP2 inhibition significantly reversed the OA-mediated effects on cell viability, caspase-3 activity, reactive oxygen species, and Aβ level. Thus, OA regulates UCP2 expression via STC-1 to alleviate oxidative stress and Aβ level in N2a/APP695swe cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiang Guo
- Department of Neurology, Xidian Group Hospital, Xi'an, China
| | - Jianbo He
- Department of Neurology, Xidian Group Hospital, Xi'an, China
| | - Heng Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Xidian Group Hospital, Xi'an, China
| | - Li Yao
- Department of Neurology, Xidian Group Hospital, Xi'an, China
| | - Huiqi Li
- Department of Neurology, Xidian Group Hospital, Xi'an, China
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Simultaneous Determination of α-Glucosidase Inhibitory Triterpenoids in Psidium guajava Using HPLC-DAD-ELSD and Pressurized Liquid Extraction. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25061278. [PMID: 32168948 PMCID: PMC7143969 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25061278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2019] [Revised: 02/14/2020] [Accepted: 02/28/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Psidium guajava, a popular food and medicine dual purposes plant cultivated in tropical and subtropical regions, has been widely used as food crop and folk medicine, such as anti-diabetes agent, around the world. Triterpenoids have been considered as the major active ingredients of P. guajava. In the present study, a high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with diode array and evaporative light scattering detectors (HPLC–DAD–ELSD) method was developed for simultaneous determination of nine triterpenoids in P. guajava. Pressurized liquid extraction (PLE) was performed for sample preparation, and the analysis was achieved on a Cosmosil 5C18-MS-II (Nacalai Tesque, Kyoto, Japan) column eluted with gradient 0.1% aqueous formic acid-methanol system. The drift tube temperature of ELSD was set at 40 °C, and nitrogen flow-rate was at 1.6 L/min. All calibration curves for the analytes showed good linear regression (R2 > 0.9992) within test ranges. The established method was validated for intra-day and inter-day precisions (RSDs < 5%) and accuracy (recovery 94.23–106.87%). The validated method was successfully applied to determinate nine triterpenoids in 15 samples from the leave or fruit of P. guajava. In addition, the α-glucosidase inhibition assay showed good α-glucosidase inhibition activity in almost all the determined triterpenoids. The present study suggested that triterpenoids should be the quality control markers for P. guajava and HPLC–DAD–ELSD was an effective tool for the quality control of P. guajava.
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Mlala S, Oyedeji AO, Gondwe M, Oyedeji OO. Ursolic Acid and Its Derivatives as Bioactive Agents. Molecules 2019; 24:E2751. [PMID: 31362424 PMCID: PMC6695944 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24152751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 125] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2019] [Revised: 07/24/2019] [Accepted: 07/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Non-communicable diseases (NCDs) such as cancer, diabetes, and chronic respiratory and cardiovascular diseases continue to be threatening and deadly to human kind. Resistance to and side effects of known drugs for treatment further increase the threat, while at the same time leaving scientists to search for alternative sources from nature, especially from plants. Pentacyclic triterpenoids (PT) from medicinal plants have been identified as one class of secondary metabolites that could play a critical role in the treatment and management of several NCDs. One of such PT is ursolic acid (UA, 3 β-hydroxy-urs-12-en-28-oic acid), which possesses important biological effects, including anti-inflammatory, anticancer, antidiabetic, antioxidant and antibacterial effects, but its bioavailability and solubility limits its clinical application. Mimusops caffra, Ilex paraguarieni, and Glechoma hederacea, have been reported as major sources of UA. The chemistry of UA has been studied extensively based on the literature, with modifications mostly having been made at positions C-3 (hydroxyl), C12-C13 (double bonds) and C-28 (carboxylic acid), leading to several UA derivatives (esters, amides, oxadiazole quinolone, etc.) with enhanced potency, bioavailability and water solubility. This article comprehensively reviews the information that has become available over the last decade with respect to the sources, chemistry, biological potency and clinical trials of UA and its derivatives as potential therapeutic agents, with a focus on addressing NCDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sithenkosi Mlala
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Agriculture, University of Fort Hare, Private Bag X1314, Alice 5700, South Africa
| | - Adebola Omowunmi Oyedeji
- Department of Chemical and Physical Sciences, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Walter Sisulu University, Private Bag X1, Mthatha 5117, South Africa
| | - Mavuto Gondwe
- Department of Human Biology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Walter Sisulu University, Private Bag X1, Mthatha 5117, South Africa
| | - Opeoluwa Oyehan Oyedeji
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Agriculture, University of Fort Hare, Private Bag X1314, Alice 5700, South Africa.
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Perestrelo R, Silva P, Porto-Figueira P, Pereira JAM, Silva C, Medina S, Câmara JS. QuEChERS - Fundamentals, relevant improvements, applications and future trends. Anal Chim Acta 2019; 1070:1-28. [PMID: 31103162 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2019.02.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 215] [Impact Index Per Article: 43.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2018] [Revised: 02/16/2019] [Accepted: 02/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The Quick, Easy, Cheap, Effective, Rugged and Safe (QuEChERS) method is a simple and straightforward extraction technique involving an initial partitioning followed by an extract clean-up using dispersive solid-phase extraction (d-SPE). Originally, the QuEChERS approach was developed for recovering pesticide residues from fruits and vegetables, but rapidly gained popularity in the comprehensive isolation of analytes from different matrices. According to PubMed, since its development in 2003 up to November 2018, about 1360 papers have been published reporting QuEChERS as extraction method. Several papers have reported different improvements and modifications to the original QuEChERS protocol to ensure more efficient extractions of pH-dependent analytes and to minimize the degradation of labile analytes. This analytical approach shows several advantages over traditional extraction techniques, requiring low sample and solvent volumes, as well as less time for sample preparation. Furthermore, most of the published studies show that the QuEChERS protocol provides higher recovery rate and a better analytical performance than conventional extraction procedures. This review proposes an updated overview of the most recent developments and applications of QuEChERS beyond its original application to pesticides, mycotoxins, veterinary drugs and pharmaceuticals, forensic analysis, drugs of abuse and environmental contaminants. Their pros and cons will be discussed, considering the factors influencing the extraction efficiency. Whenever possible, the performance of the QuEChERS is compared to other extraction approaches. In addition to the evolution of this technique, changes and improvements to the original method are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosa Perestrelo
- CQM - Centro de Química da Madeira, Universidade da Madeira, Campus da Penteada, 9020-105, Funchal, Portugal.
| | - Pedro Silva
- CQM - Centro de Química da Madeira, Universidade da Madeira, Campus da Penteada, 9020-105, Funchal, Portugal
| | - Priscilla Porto-Figueira
- CQM - Centro de Química da Madeira, Universidade da Madeira, Campus da Penteada, 9020-105, Funchal, Portugal
| | - Jorge A M Pereira
- CQM - Centro de Química da Madeira, Universidade da Madeira, Campus da Penteada, 9020-105, Funchal, Portugal
| | - Catarina Silva
- CQM - Centro de Química da Madeira, Universidade da Madeira, Campus da Penteada, 9020-105, Funchal, Portugal
| | - Sonia Medina
- CQM - Centro de Química da Madeira, Universidade da Madeira, Campus da Penteada, 9020-105, Funchal, Portugal
| | - José S Câmara
- CQM - Centro de Química da Madeira, Universidade da Madeira, Campus da Penteada, 9020-105, Funchal, Portugal; Departamento de Química, Faculdade de Ciências Exatas e Engenharia, Universidade da Madeira, Campus da Penteada, 9020-105, Funchal, Portugal
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Zhang J, Wu L, Chen J, Lin S, Cai D, Chen C, Chen Z. Downregulation of MicroRNA 29a/b exacerbated diabetic retinopathy by impairing the function of Müller cells via Forkhead box protein O4. Diab Vasc Dis Res 2018; 15:214-222. [PMID: 29409329 DOI: 10.1177/1479164118756239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Diabetic retinopathy is a neurological disease, which can lead to blindness in severe cases. The pathogenesis underlying diabetic retinopathy is unclear. The aim of this study was to explore the role of dysregulated microRNA 29a/b in the onset and progression of diabetic retinopathy. METHODS Diabetes mellitus was induced in rats using 60 mg/kg of streptozotocin. Glucose (5.5 and 25 mM) was used to stimulate rat retinal Müller cells. Real-time polymerase chain reaction and Western blot analyses were used to determine gene expression. A luciferase reporter assay was conducted to validate the relationship of microRNA 29a/b with glioma-associated oncogene homolog 1 and Forkhead box protein O4. RESULTS The expression of microRNA 29a/b and glutamine synthetase decreased in both diabetes mellitus rats and rat retinal Müller cells stimulated with high glucose, whereas the expression of sonic hedgehog, glioma-associated oncogene homolog 1, glial fibrillary acidic protein, and vascular endothelial growth factor, as well as the content of glutamate, increased. Dysregulated microRNA 29a/b was directly regulated by the sonic hedgehog-glioma-associated oncogene homolog 1 signalling pathway, and microRNA 29a and microRNA 29b targeted Forkhead box protein O4 and regulated its expression. CONCLUSION Downregulation of microRNA 29a/b, mediated by the sonic hedgehog-glioma-associated oncogene homolog 1 signalling pathway, exacerbated diabetic retinopathy by upregulating Forkhead box protein O4.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiayu Zhang
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Rui'an, China
| | - Liang Wu
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Rui'an, China
| | - Jiawei Chen
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Rui'an, China
| | - Sisi Lin
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Rui'an, China
| | - Daqiu Cai
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Rui'an, China
| | - Chengwei Chen
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Rui'an, China
| | - Zhenguo Chen
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Rui'an, China
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