1
|
Shea S, Lionis C, Kite C, Lagojda L, Uthman OA, Dallaway A, Atkinson L, Chaggar SS, Randeva HS, Kyrou I. Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease and coexisting depression, anxiety and/or stress in adults: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2024; 15:1357664. [PMID: 38689730 PMCID: PMC11058984 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2024.1357664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2024] [Accepted: 03/22/2024] [Indexed: 05/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a common chronic liver disease, affecting 25-30% of the general population globally. The condition is even more prevalent in individuals with obesity and is frequently linked to the metabolic syndrome. Given the known associations between the metabolic syndrome and common mental health issues, it is likely that such a relationship also exists between NAFLD and mental health problems. However, studies in this field remain limited. Accordingly, the aim of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to explore the prevalence of one or more common mental health conditions (i.e., depression, anxiety, and/or stress) in adults with NAFLD. Methods PubMed, EBSCOhost, ProQuest, Ovid, Web of Science, and Scopus were searched in order to identify studies reporting the prevalence of depression, anxiety, and/or stress among adults with NAFLD. A random-effects model was utilized to calculate the pooled prevalence and confidence intervals for depression, anxiety and stress. Results In total, 31 studies were eligible for inclusion, involving 2,126,593 adults with NAFLD. Meta-analyses yielded a pooled prevalence of 26.3% (95% CI: 19.2 to 34) for depression, 37.2% (95% CI: 21.6 to 54.3%) for anxiety, and 51.4% (95% CI: 5.5 to 95.8%) for stress among adults with NAFLD. Conclusion The present findings suggest a high prevalence of mental health morbidity among adults with NAFLD. Given the related public health impact, this finding should prompt further research to investigate such associations and elucidate potential associations between NAFLD and mental health morbidity, exploring potential shared underlying pathophysiologic mechanisms. Systematic review registration https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/, identifier CRD42021288934.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sue Shea
- Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, Coventry, United Kingdom
- Warwickshire Institute for the Study of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism (WISDEM), University Hospitals Coventry and Warwickshire NHS Trust, Coventry, United Kingdom
| | - Christos Lionis
- Laboratory of “Health and Science” School of Medicine, University of Crete, Heraklion, Greece
- Department of Health, Medicine and Caring Sciences, University of Linkoping, Linkoping, Sweden
- Department of Nursing, Frederick University, Nicosia, Cyprus
| | - Chris Kite
- Warwickshire Institute for the Study of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism (WISDEM), University Hospitals Coventry and Warwickshire NHS Trust, Coventry, United Kingdom
- School of Health and Society, Faculty of Education, Health and Wellbeing, University of Wolverhampton, Wolverhampton, United Kingdom
- Chester Medical School, University of Chester, Shrewsbury, United Kingdom
- Centre for Sport, Exercise and Life Sciences, Research Institute for Health & Wellbeing, Coventry University, Coventry, United Kingdom
| | - Lukasz Lagojda
- Warwickshire Institute for the Study of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism (WISDEM), University Hospitals Coventry and Warwickshire NHS Trust, Coventry, United Kingdom
- Clinical Evidence-Based Information Service (CEBIS), University Hospitals Coventry and Warwickshire NHS Trust, Coventry, United Kingdom
| | - Olalekan A. Uthman
- Division of Health Sciences, Warwick Centre for Global Health, Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, Coventry, United Kingdom
| | - Alexander Dallaway
- Warwickshire Institute for the Study of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism (WISDEM), University Hospitals Coventry and Warwickshire NHS Trust, Coventry, United Kingdom
- School of Health and Society, Faculty of Education, Health and Wellbeing, University of Wolverhampton, Wolverhampton, United Kingdom
| | - Lou Atkinson
- Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, Coventry, United Kingdom
- Warwickshire Institute for the Study of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism (WISDEM), University Hospitals Coventry and Warwickshire NHS Trust, Coventry, United Kingdom
- iPrescribe Exercise Digital Ltd (EXI), London, United Kingdom
| | | | - Harpal S. Randeva
- Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, Coventry, United Kingdom
- Warwickshire Institute for the Study of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism (WISDEM), University Hospitals Coventry and Warwickshire NHS Trust, Coventry, United Kingdom
- Centre for Sport, Exercise and Life Sciences, Research Institute for Health & Wellbeing, Coventry University, Coventry, United Kingdom
- Institute of Cardiometabolic Medicine, University Hospitals Coventry and Warwickshire NHS Trust, Coventry, United Kingdom
| | - Ioannis Kyrou
- Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, Coventry, United Kingdom
- Warwickshire Institute for the Study of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism (WISDEM), University Hospitals Coventry and Warwickshire NHS Trust, Coventry, United Kingdom
- Centre for Sport, Exercise and Life Sciences, Research Institute for Health & Wellbeing, Coventry University, Coventry, United Kingdom
- Institute of Cardiometabolic Medicine, University Hospitals Coventry and Warwickshire NHS Trust, Coventry, United Kingdom
- Aston Medical School, College of Health and Life Sciences, Aston University, Birmingham, United Kingdom
- College of Health, Psychology and Social Care, University of Derby, Derby, United Kingdom
- Laboratory of Dietetics and Quality of Life, Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, School of Food and Nutritional Sciences, Agricultural University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Hagström H, Hegmar H, Moreno C. Interactions between the metabolic syndrome and alcohol consumption increases the risk of liver disease. United European Gastroenterol J 2024; 12:168-176. [PMID: 38381115 PMCID: PMC10954435 DOI: 10.1002/ueg2.12524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2023] [Accepted: 11/06/2023] [Indexed: 02/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Alcohol-related liver disease (ALD) and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD, recently renamed metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease [MASLD]) share many features, including certain pathophysiological mechanisms, susceptibility genes, and histological lesions. However, the natural history of the two diseases, studied separately, is significantly different, with ALD being associated with a higher risk of cirrhosis and liver-related mortality. Moreover, evidence suggests an interactive effect between ALD and metabolic risk factors that are associated with NAFLD on the risk of progressive fibrosis and development of cirrhosis. Patients with both a high consumption of alcohol and metabolic risk factors, such as obesity or diabetes, should therefore be considered a particularly high-risk group for cirrhosis. Additional studies regarding the efficacy of screening for advanced liver fibrosis or cirrhosis in these risk groups are needed. The most effective and established method for reducing the risk of progression in ALD is alcohol abstinence, whereas weight loss is effective in NAFLD. In this narrative review, we introduce the reader to the literature of the field and present key studies showing this interactive effect.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hannes Hagström
- Division of Hepatology, Department of Upper GI, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Hannes Hegmar
- Division of Hepatology, Department of Upper GI, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Christophe Moreno
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatopancreatology and Digestive Oncology, Hôpital Universitaire de Bruxelles, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
- Faculté de Médecine, Laboratory of Experimental Gastroenterology, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Andaloro S, Mancuso F, Miele L, Addolorato G, Gasbarrini A, Ponziani FR. Effect of Low-Dose Alcohol Consumption on Chronic Liver Disease. Nutrients 2024; 16:613. [PMID: 38474740 DOI: 10.3390/nu16050613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2024] [Revised: 02/16/2024] [Accepted: 02/18/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Although alcohol is one of the most important etiologic agents in the development of chronic liver disease worldwide, also recognized as a promoter of carcinogenesis, several studies have shown a beneficial effect of moderate consumption in terms of reduced cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. Whether this benefit is also present in patients with liver disease due to other causes (viral, metabolic, and others) is still debated. Although there is no clear evidence emerging from guidelines and scientific literature, total abstention from drinking is usually prescribed in clinical practice. In this review, we highlight the results of the most recent evidence on this controversial topic, in order to understand the effect of mild alcohol use in this category of individuals. The quantification of alcohol intake, the composition of the tested populations, and the discrepancy between different works in relation to the outcomes represent important limitations emerging from the scientific literature. In patients with NAFLD, a beneficial effect is demonstrated only in a few works. Even if there is limited evidence in patients affected by chronic viral hepatitis, a clear deleterious effect of drinking in determining disease progression in a dose-dependent manner emerges. Poor data are available about more uncommon pathologies such as hemochromatosis. Overall, based on available data, it is not possible to establish a safe threshold for alcohol intake in patients with liver disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Andaloro
- Liver Unit, CEMAD Centro Malattie dell'Apparato Digerente, Medicina Interna e Gastroenterologia, Catholic University, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Fabrizio Mancuso
- Liver Unit, CEMAD Centro Malattie dell'Apparato Digerente, Medicina Interna e Gastroenterologia, Catholic University, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Luca Miele
- Department of Abdominal, Endocrine and Metabolic Medical and Surgical Sciences, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy
- Department of Translational Medicine and Surgery, Catholic University, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy
- CEMAD Unit, Digestive Disease Center, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy
- Internal Medicine and Liver Transplant Unit, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Giovanni Addolorato
- Department of Translational Medicine and Surgery, Catholic University, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy
- CEMAD Unit, Digestive Disease Center, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy
- Internal Medicine and Alcohol Related Disease Unit, Columbus-Gemelli Hospital, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Antonio Gasbarrini
- Liver Unit, CEMAD Centro Malattie dell'Apparato Digerente, Medicina Interna e Gastroenterologia, Catholic University, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy
- Department of Translational Medicine and Surgery, Catholic University, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Francesca Romana Ponziani
- Liver Unit, CEMAD Centro Malattie dell'Apparato Digerente, Medicina Interna e Gastroenterologia, Catholic University, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy
- Department of Translational Medicine and Surgery, Catholic University, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Portincasa P. NAFLD, MAFLD, and beyond: one or several acronyms for better comprehension and patient care. Intern Emerg Med 2023; 18:993-1006. [PMID: 36807050 PMCID: PMC10326150 DOI: 10.1007/s11739-023-03203-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2022] [Accepted: 01/09/2023] [Indexed: 02/19/2023]
Abstract
The term non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) has rapidly become the most common type of chronic liver disease. NAFLD points to excessive hepatic fat storage and no evidence of secondary hepatic fat accumulation in patients with "no or little alcohol consumption". Both the etiology and pathogenesis of NAFLD are largely unknown, and a definitive therapy is lacking. Since NAFLD is very often and closely associated with metabolic dysfunctions, a consensus process is ongoing to shift the acronym NAFLD to MAFLD, i.e., metabolic-associated fatty liver disease. The change in terminology is likely to improve the classification of affected individuals, the disease awareness, the comprehension of the terminology and pathophysiological aspects involved, and the choice of more personalized therapeutic approaches while avoiding the intrinsic stigmatization due to the term "non-alcoholic". Even more recently, other sub-classifications have been proposed to concentrate the heterogeneous causes of fatty liver disease under one umbrella. While awaiting additional validation studies in this field, we discuss the main reasons underlying this important shift of paradigm.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Piero Portincasa
- Clinica Medica "A. Murri", Department of Preventive and Regenerative Medicine and Ionian Area (DiMePrev-J), University of Bari Aldo Moro, Piazza Giulio Cesare 11, 70124, Bari, Italy.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Magherman L, Van Parys R, Pauwels NS, Verhelst X, Devisscher L, Van Vlierberghe H, Geerts A, Lefere S. Meta-analysis: The impact of light-to-moderate alcohol consumption on progressive non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. Aliment Pharmacol Ther 2023; 57:820-836. [PMID: 36708129 DOI: 10.1111/apt.17388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2022] [Revised: 08/03/2022] [Accepted: 12/30/2022] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is defined as fatty liver disease in the absence of heavy alcohol consumption. However, the impact of light-to-moderate alcohol consumption on progressive NAFLD and on mortality is presently unclear. METHODS Medline, Embase, OATD and OpenGrey were systematically searched up to November 2022 for relevant cross-sectional, case-control and cohort studies. The study outcomes were progressive NAFLD-steatohepatitis (NASH), fibrosis, cirrhosis, hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and mortality. The entire review process was performed by two independent reviewers. A narrative synthesis was performed for all outcomes, while meta-analyses, subgroup analyses and publication bias assessment were performed depending on the number of articles. RESULTS After study selection, 32 articles were included. Cohort studies reported that moderate alcohol intake increased the risk for advanced fibrosis (pooled OR 1.56; 95% CI 1.08-2.26 and HR 1.39; 95% CI 1.22-1.57), which was not observed in cross-sectional studies. Alcohol use also increased the risk of developing liver cirrhosis and HCC, but seemed to lower the risk of steatohepatitis. Light alcohol consumption protected against all-cause mortality, an effect not observed in NAFLD patients with moderate intake. CONCLUSIONS There is wide heterogeneity in studies on the impact of alcohol on progressive NAFLD. Nevertheless, cohort studies reported a significant harmful effect of moderate alcohol consumption on the occurrence of advanced fibrosis. Further research is needed to make valid recommendations with regard to alcohol consumption in patients with NAFLD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Louise Magherman
- Hepatology Research Unit, Dpt. Internal Medicine and Pediatrics, Liver Research Center Ghent, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Robbe Van Parys
- Hepatology Research Unit, Dpt. Internal Medicine and Pediatrics, Liver Research Center Ghent, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Nele S Pauwels
- Knowledge Center for Health Ghent, Ghent University and Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Xavier Verhelst
- Hepatology Research Unit, Dpt. Internal Medicine and Pediatrics, Liver Research Center Ghent, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Lindsey Devisscher
- Gut-Liver Immunopharmacology Unit, Department of Basic and Applied Medical Sciences, Liver Research Center Ghent, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Hans Van Vlierberghe
- Hepatology Research Unit, Dpt. Internal Medicine and Pediatrics, Liver Research Center Ghent, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Anja Geerts
- Hepatology Research Unit, Dpt. Internal Medicine and Pediatrics, Liver Research Center Ghent, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Sander Lefere
- Hepatology Research Unit, Dpt. Internal Medicine and Pediatrics, Liver Research Center Ghent, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- Gut-Liver Immunopharmacology Unit, Department of Basic and Applied Medical Sciences, Liver Research Center Ghent, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Mansour A, Motamed S, Hekmatdoost A, Karimi S, Mohajeri-Tehrani MR, Abdollahi M, Jelodar R, Sajjadi-Jazi SM. Factors related to hypermetabolism in individuals with type 2 diabetes mellitus and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. Sci Rep 2023; 13:3669. [PMID: 36871124 PMCID: PMC9985614 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-30945-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2022] [Accepted: 03/03/2023] [Indexed: 03/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Considering the progressive prevalence and co-occurrence of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), as well as the current evidence suggesting the elevated levels of basal metabolic rate (BMR) among these individuals, the present study aimed to identify factors determining hypermetabolism in such subjects. This cross sectional study was conducted in 30 to 53-year-old individuals with concurrent T2DM and NAFLD (controlled attenuation parameter score ≥ 260 dB/m). Resting energy expenditure (REE) was determined by an indirect calorimetry device. Hypermetabolism was defined as an elevated measured REE > 110% of the predicted REE. The multivariate logistic regression test was used for detecting factors associated with hypermetabolism. Between September, 2017, and March, 2018, a total of 95 eligible participants (64.40% male) with both T2DM and NAFLD were included, while 32.63% of them were classified as hypermetabolic. Overall, the mean recruitment age ± standard deviation and median (interquartile range) body mass index were 44.69 ± 5.47 years and 30.20 (27.80-33.30) kg/m2, respectively. Demographic, anthropometric and biochemical variables did not vary significantly across two groups except for total body water, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol and dipeptidyl peptidase 4 (DPP-4) inhibitors (p < 0.05). According to the results of multivariable logistic regression analyses, hypermetabolism had a positive association with adiponectin (odds ratio [OR] 1.167, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.015-1.342, p = 0.030), physical activity (OR 1.134, 95% CI 1.002-1.284, p = 0.046), alanine transaminase (OR 1.062, 95% CI 1.006-1.122, p = 0.031) and diastolic blood pressure (OR 1.067, 95% CI 1.010-1.127, p = 0.021). However, fat free mass was inversely related to hypermetabolism (OR 0.935, 95% CI 0.883-0.991, p = 0.023). Adiponectin, alanine transaminase, physical activity, diastolic blood pressure and fat free mass were independently associated with hypermetabolism in subjects with NAFLD and T2DM.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Asieh Mansour
- Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinical Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Azita Hekmatdoost
- Department of Clinical Nutrition & Dietetics, Faculty of Nutrition Sciences and Food Technology, National Nutrition and Food Technology Research Institute, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sara Karimi
- Department of Clinical Nutrition & Dietetics, Faculty of Nutrition Sciences and Food Technology, National Nutrition and Food Technology Research Institute, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Reza Mohajeri-Tehrani
- Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinical Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Abdollahi
- Digestive Disease Research Center, Digestive Disease Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Reihane Jelodar
- Department of Internal Medicine, Shariati Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sayed Mahmoud Sajjadi-Jazi
- Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinical Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Valenzuela-Vallejo L, Mantzoros CS. Time to transition from a negative nomenclature describing what NAFLD is not, to a novel, pathophysiology-based, umbrella classification of fatty liver disease (FLD). Metabolism 2022; 134:155246. [PMID: 35780909 DOI: 10.1016/j.metabol.2022.155246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2022] [Revised: 06/21/2022] [Accepted: 06/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a definition of a prevalent condition that has been given a name describing what the disease is not, mainly due to gaps in the physiopathological understanding of NAFLD when the name was given to it. NAFLD still remains an unmet clinical need to a large extent due to the heterogenicity of the disease and the lack of a more accurate physiology-based classification. In essence, fatty liver disease (FLD) has a multifactorial etiology, including metabolic abnormalities, environmental influences, genetic disorders, and/or their overlap which makes it difficult to diagnose, design appropriate trials for it and treat this disease. Therefore, we propose herein that as our knowledge about this disease continues to grow exponentially, it is time to consider ending this unspecific, negative and broad classification of NAFLD, and turn it into a positive and targeted one describing what the disease is and not what it is not. Thus, we propose the novel FLD "Mantzoros classification". This innovative classification proposes to classify the heterogeneous causes of FLD under one umbrella and eventually lead to a better nomenclature and classification system reflecting pathophysiology. This in turn could lead to both better clinical trials and more personalized care. An additional aim is to generate a dialogue among the experts in this field to eventually reach the right nomenclature for an appropriate disease classification that would facilitate our understanding, approach, diagnosis, and management of this epidemic of FLD. Overall, a novel classification, based on phenotypic manifestations, leading risk factors and probable causes of FLD, could help our understanding and clinically would be accurately defining and differentiating the disease, leading to a more accurate design and execution of clinical trials. This would in turn lead to tangible benefits for all patients suffering from FLD through targeted and more effective personalized treatments.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Laura Valenzuela-Vallejo
- Department of Medicine, Beth-Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, United States
| | - Christos S Mantzoros
- Department of Medicine, Beth-Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, United States; Department of Medicine, Boston VA Healthcare System, Boston, MA 02130, United States.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Jarvis H, O'Keefe H, Craig D, Stow D, Hanratty B, Anstee QM. Does moderate alcohol consumption accelerate the progression of liver disease in NAFLD? A systematic review and narrative synthesis. BMJ Open 2022; 12:e049767. [PMID: 34983755 PMCID: PMC8728442 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2021-049767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2021] [Accepted: 12/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Liver disease is a leading cause of premature death, partly driven by the increasing incidence of non-alcohol-related fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Many people with a diagnosis of NAFLD drink moderate amounts of alcohol. There is limited guidance for clinicians looking to advise these patients on the effect this will have on their liver disease progression. This review synthesises the evidence on moderate alcohol consumption and its potential to predict liver disease progression in people with diagnosed NAFLD. METHODS A systematic review of longitudinal observational cohort studies was conducted. Databases (Medline, Embase, The Cochrane Library and ClinicalTrials.gov) were searched up to September 2020. Studies were included that reported progression of liver disease in adults with NAFLD, looking at moderate levels of alcohol consumption as the exposure of interest. Risk of bias was assessed using the Quality in Prognostic factor Studies tool. RESULTS Of 4578 unique citations, 6 met the inclusion criteria. Pooling of data was not possible due to heterogeneity and studies were analysed using narrative synthesis. Evidence suggested that any level of alcohol consumption is associated with worsening of liver outcomes in NAFLD, even for drinking within recommended limits. Well conducted population based studies estimated up to a doubling of incident liver disease outcomes in patients with NAFLD drinking at moderate levels. CONCLUSIONS This review found that any level of alcohol intake in NAFLD may be harmful to liver health.Study heterogeneity in definitions of alcohol exposure as well as in outcomes limited quantitative pooling of results. Use of standardised definitions for exposure and outcomes would support future meta-analysis.Based on this synthesis of the most up to date longitudinal evidence, clinicians seeing patients with NAFLD should currently advise abstinence from alcohol. PROSPERO REGISTRATION NUMBER The protocol was registered with PROSPERO (#CRD42020168022).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Helen Jarvis
- Population Health Sciences Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Hannah O'Keefe
- Population Health Sciences Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Dawn Craig
- Population Health Sciences Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Daniel Stow
- Population Health Sciences Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Barbara Hanratty
- Population Health Sciences Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Quentin M Anstee
- Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Rhodes FA, Cococcia S, Patel P, Panovska-Griffiths J, Tanwar S, Westbrook RH, Rodger A, Rosenberg W. Is there scope to improve the selection of patients with alcohol-related liver disease for referral to secondary care? A retrospective analysis of primary care referrals to a UK liver centre, incorporating simple blood tests. BMJ Open 2021; 11:e047786. [PMID: 34088709 PMCID: PMC8183275 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2020-047786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Twenty per cent of people with alcohol use disorders develop advanced fibrosis and warrant referral to secondary care. Improving outcomes in alcohol-related liver disease (ArLD) relies on its earlier detection in primary care with non-invasive tests (NIT). We aimed to determine the proportion of alcohol-related referrals who were diagnosed with advanced fibrosis in secondary care, the prevalence of both alcohol and fatty liver disease ('BAFLD') and the potential impact of NIT on referral stratification. DESIGN/SETTING Retrospective analysis of all general practitioner-referrals with suspected ArLD/non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) to a UK hepatology-centre between January 2015 and January 2018. PARTICIPANTS Of 2944 new referrals, 762 (mean age 55.5±13.53 years) met inclusion criteria: 531 NAFLD and 231 ArLD, of which 147 (64%) could be reclassified as 'BAFLD'. PRIMARY OUTCOME MEASURE Proportion of referrals with suspected ArLD/NAFLD with advanced fibrosis as assessed by tertiary centre hepatologists using combinations of FibroScan, imaging, examination and blood tests and liver histology, where indicated. SECONDARY OUTCOME MEASURES Included impact of body mass index/alcohol consumption on the odds of a diagnosis of advanced fibrosis, and performance of NIT in predicting advanced fibrosis in planned post-hoc analysis of referrals. RESULTS Among ArLD referrals 147/229 (64.2%) had no evidence of advanced fibrosis and were judged 'unnecessary'. Advanced fibrosis was observed in men drinking ≥50 units per week (U/w) (OR 2.74, 95% CI 1.51 to 5, p=0.001) and ≥35 U/w in women (OR 5.11, 95% CI 1.31 to 20.03, p=0.019). Drinking >14 U/w doubled the likelihood of advanced fibrosis in overweight/obesity (OR 2.11; 95% CI 1.44 to 3.09; p<0.001). Use of fibrosis 4 score could halve unnecessary referrals (OR 0.50; 95% CI 0.32 to 0.79, p=0.003) with false-negative rate of 22%, but was rarely used. CONCLUSIONS The majority of referrals with suspected ArLD were deemed unnecessary. NIT could improve identification of liver damage in ArLD, BAFLD and NAFLD in primary care. Anecdotal thresholds for harmful drinking (35 U/w in women and 50 U/w in men) were validated. The impact of alcohol on NAFLD highlights the importance of multi-causality in chronic liver disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Freya Alison Rhodes
- Institute for Liver and Digestive Health, Division of Medicine, UCL, London, UK
| | - Sara Cococcia
- First Department of Internal Medicine, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Preya Patel
- Institute for Liver and Digestive Health, Division of Medicine, UCL, London, UK
| | | | - Sudeep Tanwar
- Institute for Liver and Digestive Health, Division of Medicine, UCL, London, UK
- Department of Gastroenterology, Barts Health NHS Trust, London, UK
| | - Rachel H Westbrook
- Institute for Liver and Digestive Health, Division of Medicine, UCL, London, UK
| | - Alison Rodger
- Department of Infection and Population Health, UCL, London, UK
| | - William Rosenberg
- Institute for Liver and Digestive Health, Division of Medicine, UCL, London, UK
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Tan EZY, Lai LL, Vethakkan SR, Nik Mustapha NR, Mahadeva S, Chan WK. Modest alcohol intake not associated with significant hepatic steatosis or more severe liver disease among patients with diabetes mellitus. J Gastroenterol Hepatol 2021; 36:751-757. [PMID: 32583444 DOI: 10.1111/jgh.15160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2020] [Revised: 06/13/2020] [Accepted: 06/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The effect of modest alcohol intake on prevalence of significant hepatic steatosis and severity of liver disease in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is unclear. METHODS This is a cross-sectional study on T2DM patients. Modest alcohol intake was defined as alcohol intake ≤ 21 units/week in men and ≤ 14 units/week in women. Significant hepatic steatosis was diagnosed on the basis of controlled attenuation parameter > 263 dB/m, while advanced fibrosis was diagnosed on the basis of liver stiffness measurement ≥ 9.6 kPa using M probe or ≥ 9.3 kPa using XL probe. Patients with liver stiffness measurement ≥ 8.0 kPa were offered liver biopsy. RESULTS Five hundred fifty-seven patients underwent transient elastography, and 71 patients underwent liver biopsy. The prevalence of modest drinking was 16.5%. Modest drinking was equally prevalent among ethnic Indians and Chinese at 22.9% and 23.3%, respectively, but uncommon among ethnic Malays at 1.7%. Modest drinkers were more likely to be male, smoked, and had significantly lower glycated hemoglobin, total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, alkaline phosphatase, and platelet count. There was no significant difference in the prevalence of significant hepatic steatosis or advanced fibrosis based on transient elastography and steatohepatitis or advanced fibrosis between modest drinkers and nondrinkers. The prevalence of significant hepatic steatosis was higher among ethnic Malays and Indians compared with ethnic Chinese, but the Chinese did not have a lower prevalence of more severe liver disease. CONCLUSION Modest alcohol intake is not associated with higher prevalence of significant hepatic steatosis or more severe liver disease among patients with T2DM.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eunice Zhi-Yi Tan
- Gastroenterology and Hepatology Unit, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Lee-Lee Lai
- Gastroenterology and Hepatology Unit, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.,Department of Nursing Science, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Shireene Ratna Vethakkan
- Endocrinology Unit, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | | | - Sanjiv Mahadeva
- Gastroenterology and Hepatology Unit, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Wah-Kheong Chan
- Gastroenterology and Hepatology Unit, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Wijarnpreecha K, Aby ES, Panjawatanan P, Lapumnuaypol K, Cheungpasitporn W, Lukens FJ, Harnois DM, Ungprasert P. Modest alcohol consumption and risk of advanced liver fibrosis in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Ann Gastroenterol 2021; 34:568-574. [PMID: 34276197 PMCID: PMC8276361 DOI: 10.20524/aog.2021.0612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2020] [Accepted: 12/30/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Recent studies have suggested an association between modest alcohol consumption and a decreased risk of advanced liver fibrosis among patients with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) although the results are inconsistent. The current systematic review and meta-analysis was conducted to comprehensively investigate this possible association by identifying all the relevant studies and combining their results. Methods A comprehensive literature review was conducted utilizing the MEDLINE and EMBASE databases through February 2019 to identify all cross-sectional studies that compared the prevalence of advanced liver fibrosis among NAFLD patients who were modest alcohol drinkers to NAFLD patients who were non-drinkers. Effect estimates from each study were extracted and combined together using the random-effect, generic inverse variance method of DerSimonian and Laird. Results A total of 6 studies with 8,936 participants fulfilled the eligibility criteria and were included in the meta-analysis. The risk of advanced liver fibrosis among patients with NAFLD who were modest alcohol drinkers was significantly lower compared to patients with NAFLD who were non-drinkers with a pooled odds ratio of 0.51 (95% confidence interval [CI] 0.35-0.75; I2 47%). The funnel plot was symmetric and was not suggestive of publication bias. Conclusion A significantly lower risk of advanced liver fibrosis was observed among NAFLD patients who were modest alcohol drinkers compared to non-drinkers in this meta-analysis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Karn Wijarnpreecha
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, Florida, USA (Karn Wijarnpreecha, Denise M. Harnois)
| | - Elizabeth S Aby
- Department of Medicine, University of California at Los Angeles, CA, USA (Elizabeth S. Aby, Frank J. Lukens)
| | - Panadeekarn Panjawatanan
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand (Panadeekarn Panjawatanan)
| | - Kamolyut Lapumnuaypol
- Department of Medicine, Albert Einstein Medical Center, Philadelphia, PA, USA (Kamolyut Lapumnuaypol)
| | - Wisit Cheungpasitporn
- Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, USA (Wisit Cheungpasitporn)
| | - Frank J Lukens
- Department of Medicine, University of California at Los Angeles, CA, USA (Elizabeth S. Aby, Frank J. Lukens)
| | - Denise M Harnois
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, Florida, USA (Karn Wijarnpreecha, Denise M. Harnois)
| | - Patompong Ungprasert
- Clinical Epidemiology Unit, Department of Research and Development, Faculty of Medicine, Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand (Patompong Ungprasert)
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Kwon I, Jun DW, Moon JH. Effects of Moderate Alcohol Drinking in Patients with Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease. Gut Liver 2020; 13:308-314. [PMID: 30400736 PMCID: PMC6529167 DOI: 10.5009/gnl18175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2018] [Revised: 06/18/2018] [Accepted: 06/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Whether moderate alcohol intake is beneficial remains an unsolved issue. Recent studies have suggested that moderate alcohol consumption is associated with beneficial effects related to the prevention of cardiovascular diseases. Moderate alcohol consumption leads to a higher risk of hepatocellular carcinoma in patients with chronic viral liver diseases. However, the effects of moderate alcohol intake in patients with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease are unclear. In this review, we analyzed, from various perspectives, the effect of moderate alcohol consumption in patients with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. We reviewed four cohort studies and seven cross-sectional studies. The results showed that moderate alcohol consumption was negatively related to the incidence of nonalcoholic steatohepatitis and liver fibrosis. However, moderate alcohol consumption was positively associated with the incidence of hepatocellular carcinoma in patients with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. The results of the analysis of the relationship between moderate alcohol consumption and the levels of triglycerides, total cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein, and hypertension were diverse. More clinical data are needed to draw a conclusion about the effects of moderate alcohol consumption in patients with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Inbeom Kwon
- Department of Pre-Medicine, Hanyang University College of Medicine, Seoul,
Korea
| | - Dae Won Jun
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hanyang University College of Medicine, Seoul,
Korea
| | - Jin-Hwa Moon
- Department of Pediatrics, Hanyang University College of Medicine, Seoul,
Korea
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Jung F, Lippmann T, Brandt A, Jin CJ, Engstler AJ, Baumann A. Moderate consumption of fermented alcoholic beverages diminishes diet-induced non-alcoholic fatty liver disease through mechanisms involving hepatic adiponectin signaling in mice. Eur J Nutr 2019; 59:787-799. [PMID: 30879098 PMCID: PMC7058579 DOI: 10.1007/s00394-019-01945-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2018] [Accepted: 03/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Results of some epidemiological studies suggest that moderate alcohol consumption may be associated with a decreased risk to develop NAFLD. Here, the effect of the consumption of moderate beer and diluted ethanol, respectively, on the development of NAFLD were assessed. METHODS Female C57BL/6J mice were fed a control diet (C-D) or a diet rich in fructose, fat and cholesterol (FFC) enriched isocalorically and isoalcoholically with beer (FFC + B) or plain ethanol (FFC + E) (2.5 g ethanol/kg body weight/day) for 7 weeks. Liver damage was assessed by histology using NAFLD activity score. Markers of inflammation, insulin resistance and adiponectin signaling were measured at mRNA and protein levels. Using J774A.1 cells as a model of Kupffer cells, the effect of alcoholic beverages on adiponectin receptor 1 (Adipor1) was assessed. RESULTS Hepatic triglyceride concentration, neutrophil granulocytes, iNOS protein concentrations and early signs of insulin resistance found in FFC-fed mice were significantly attenuated in FFC+ B-fed mice (P < 0.05 for all). These findings were associated with a super-induction of Adipor1 mRNA expression (+ ~ 18-fold compared to all other groups) and a decrease of markers of lipid peroxidation in liver tissue of FFC + B-fed mice when compared to FFC-fed animals. Similar differences were not found between FFC- and FFC+ E-fed mice. Expression of Adipor1 was also super-induced (7.5-fold) in J774A.1 cells treated with beer (equivalent to 2 mmol/L ethanol). CONCLUSIONS These data suggest that moderate intake of fermented alcoholic beverages such as beer at least partially attenuates NAFLD development through mechanisms associated with hepatic AdipoR1 expression.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Finn Jung
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Molecular Nutritional Science, University of Vienna, Althanstraße 14 (UZA II), 1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Tino Lippmann
- Institute of Nutritional Sciences, SD Model Systems of Molecular Nutrition, Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, Dornburger Straße 22-25, 07743, Jena, Germany
| | - Annette Brandt
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Molecular Nutritional Science, University of Vienna, Althanstraße 14 (UZA II), 1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Cheng Jun Jin
- Institute of Nutritional Sciences, SD Model Systems of Molecular Nutrition, Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, Dornburger Straße 22-25, 07743, Jena, Germany.,Clinic for Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Infectiology, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Moorenstraße 5, 40225, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Anna Janina Engstler
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Molecular Nutritional Science, University of Vienna, Althanstraße 14 (UZA II), 1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Anja Baumann
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Molecular Nutritional Science, University of Vienna, Althanstraße 14 (UZA II), 1090, Vienna, Austria.
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Patel P, Hossain F, Horsfall LU, Banh X, Hayward KL, Williams S, Johnson T, Bernard A, Brown NN, Lampe G, Buck L, Saad N, Russell AW, Valery PC, Irvine KM, Clouston AD, Stuart KA, Rosenberg W, Powell EE. A Pragmatic Approach Identifies a High Rate of Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease With Advanced Fibrosis in Diabetes Clinics and At-Risk Populations in Primary Care. Hepatol Commun 2018; 2:893-905. [PMID: 30094401 PMCID: PMC6078214 DOI: 10.1002/hep4.1208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2018] [Revised: 05/11/2018] [Accepted: 05/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Noninvasive serum biomarkers (nonalcoholic fatty liver disease fibrosis score [NFS], fibrosis 4 score [FIB‐4], or enhanced liver fibrosis [ELF] test) are recommended as first‐line tools to determine the risk of advanced fibrosis in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. We aimed to assess the utility of a pragmatic approach to screening for clinically significant fibrosis in primary care and diabetes clinics. We recruited 252 patients from an endocrine clinic or primary care facility. Anthropometric measurements, ELF test, ultrasound, and liver stiffness measurements (LSMs) were performed. Clinically significant fibrosis was defined as LSM ≥8.2 kPa or ELF ≥9.8. A subgroup of patients underwent liver biopsy (n = 48) or had imaging diagnostic of cirrhosis (n = 14). Patients were 57.3 ± 12.3 years old with a high prevalence of metabolic syndrome (84.5%), type 2 diabetes (82.5%), and body mass index (BMI) ≥40 kg/m2 (21.8%). LSM met quality criteria in 230 (91.3%) patients. NFS and FIB‐4 combined had a high negative predictive value (90.0%) for excluding LSM ≥8.2 kPa. However, 84.1% of patients had indeterminate or high NFS or FIB‐4 scores requiring further assessment. LSM ≥8.2 kPa and ELF ≥9.8 were present in 31.3% and 28.6% of patients, respectively. Following adjustment for age, BMI, sex, and presence of advanced fibrosis, older age was independently associated with ELF ≥9.8 (adjusted odds ratio, 1.14; 95% confidence interval, 1.06‐1.24), whereas increasing BMI was independently associated with LSM ≥8.2 kPa (adjusted odds ratio, 1.15; 95% confidence interval, 1.01‐1.30). Concordant LSM <8.2 kPa and ELF <9.8 and concordant LSM ≥8.2 kPa and ELF ≥9.8 had a high negative predictive value (91.7%) and positive predictive value (95.8%) for excluding and identifying clinically significant fibrosis, respectively. Conclusion: Simple scoring tools alone lack accuracy. LSM accuracy is influenced by severe obesity, whereas age impacts the ELF test. Further studies are required to confirm whether combining LSM and ELF may enhance accuracy and confidence in identifying clinically significant fibrosis. (Hepatology Communications 2018; 00:000‐000)
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- PreyaJanubhai Patel
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology Princess Alexandra Hospital Brisbane Australia.,Centre for Liver Disease Research, Translational Research Institute, School of Medicine University of Queensland Brisbane Australia
| | | | - Leigh Ula Horsfall
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology Princess Alexandra Hospital Brisbane Australia.,Centre for Liver Disease Research, Translational Research Institute, School of Medicine University of Queensland Brisbane Australia
| | - Xuan Banh
- Centre for Liver Disease Research, Translational Research Institute, School of Medicine University of Queensland Brisbane Australia
| | - Kelly Lee Hayward
- Centre for Liver Disease Research, Translational Research Institute, School of Medicine University of Queensland Brisbane Australia
| | | | | | - Anne Bernard
- QFAB Bioinformatics, Institute for Molecular Bioscience, Queensland Bioscience Precinct University of Queensland Brisbane Australia
| | | | - Guy Lampe
- Pathology Queensland Brisbane Australia
| | | | - Nivene Saad
- Department of Radiology Princess Alexandra Hospital Brisbane Australia.,School of Medicine University of Queensland Brisbane Australia
| | - Anthony William Russell
- School of Medicine University of Queensland Brisbane Australia.,Department of Diabetes and Endocrinology Princess Alexandra Hospital Brisbane Australia
| | | | - Katharine Margaret Irvine
- Centre for Liver Disease Research, Translational Research Institute, School of Medicine University of Queensland Brisbane Australia.,Mater Research, Translational Research Institute University of Queensland Brisbane Australia
| | - Andrew Donald Clouston
- Centre for Liver Disease Research, Translational Research Institute, School of Medicine University of Queensland Brisbane Australia
| | - Katherine Anne Stuart
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology Princess Alexandra Hospital Brisbane Australia
| | - William Rosenberg
- UCL Institute for Liver and Digestive Health, Division of Medicine UCL and Royal Free London NHS Foundation Trust London United Kingdom
| | - Elizabeth Ellen Powell
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology Princess Alexandra Hospital Brisbane Australia.,Centre for Liver Disease Research, Translational Research Institute, School of Medicine University of Queensland Brisbane Australia
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Patel PJ, Hossain F, Horsfall LU, Banh X, Hayward KL, Williams S, Johnson T, Brown NN, Saad N, Valery PC, Irvine KM, Clouston AD, Stuart KA, Russell AW, Powell EE. Controlled attenuation parameter in NAFLD identifies risk of suboptimal glycaemic and metabolic control. J Diabetes Complications 2018; 32:799-804. [PMID: 29861312 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdiacomp.2018.05.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2018] [Revised: 05/06/2018] [Accepted: 05/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
AIMS To examine the relationship between steatosis quantified by controlled attenuation parameter (CAP) values and glycaemic/metabolic control. METHODS 230 patients, recruited from an Endocrine clinic or primary care underwent routine Hepatology assessment, with liver stiffness measurements and simultaneous CAP. Multivariable logistic regression was performed to identify potential predictors of Metabolic Syndrome (MetS), HbA1c ≥ 7%, use of insulin, hypertriglyceridaemia and CAP ≥ 300 dB/m. RESULTS Patients were 56.7 ± 12.3 years of age with a high prevalence of MetS (83.5%), T2DM (81.3%), and BMI ≥ 40 kg/m2 (18%). Median CAP score was 344 dB/m, ranging from 128 to 400 dB/m. BMI (aOR 1.140 95% CI 1.068-1.216), requirement for insulin (aOR 2.599 95% CI 1.212-5.575), and serum ALT (aOR 1.018 95% CI 1.004-1.033) were independently associated with CAP ≥ 300 dB/m. Patients with CAP interquartile range < 40 (68%) had a higher median serum ALT level (p = 0.029), greater prevalence of BMI ≥ 40 kg/m2 (p = 0.020) and higher median CAP score (p < 0.001). Patients with higher CAP scores were more likely to have MetS (aOR 1.011 95% CI 1.003-1.019), HBA1c ≥ 7 (aOR 1.010 95% CI 1.003-1.016), requirement for insulin (aOR 1.007 95% CI 1.002-1.013) and hypertriglyceridemia (aOR 1.007 95% CI 1.002-1.013). CONCLUSIONS Our data demonstrate that an elevated CAP reflects suboptimal metabolic control. In diabetic patients with NAFLD, CAP may be a useful point-of-care test to identify patients at risk of poorly controlled metabolic comorbidities or advanced diabetes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Preya Janubhai Patel
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Princess Alexandra Hospital, Brisbane, Australia; Centre for Liver Disease Research, Translational Research Institute, Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Science, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | | | - Leigh Ula Horsfall
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Princess Alexandra Hospital, Brisbane, Australia; Centre for Liver Disease Research, Translational Research Institute, Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Science, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Xuan Banh
- Centre for Liver Disease Research, Translational Research Institute, Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Science, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Kelly Lee Hayward
- Centre for Liver Disease Research, Translational Research Institute, Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Science, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | | | | | | | - Nivene Saad
- Department of Radiology, Princess Alexandra Hospital, Brisbane, Australia; School of Medicine, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | | | - Katharine Margaret Irvine
- Centre for Liver Disease Research, Translational Research Institute, Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Science, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia; Mater Research, Translational Research Institute, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Andrew Donald Clouston
- Centre for Liver Disease Research, Translational Research Institute, Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Science, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Katherine Anne Stuart
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Princess Alexandra Hospital, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Anthony William Russell
- School of Medicine, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia; Department of Diabetes and Endocrinology, Princess Alexandra Hospital, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Elizabeth Ellen Powell
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Princess Alexandra Hospital, Brisbane, Australia; Centre for Liver Disease Research, Translational Research Institute, Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Science, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia.
| |
Collapse
|