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Zhou S, Wang Z, Hao Y, An P, Luo J, Luo Y. Dandelion Polysaccharides Ameliorate High-Fat-Diet-Induced Atherosclerosis in Mice through Antioxidant and Anti-Inflammatory Capabilities. Nutrients 2023; 15:4120. [PMID: 37836404 PMCID: PMC10574455 DOI: 10.3390/nu15194120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2023] [Revised: 09/20/2023] [Accepted: 09/22/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Dandelion (Taraxacum officinale), a member of the Asteraceae (Compositae) family, is well known as the traditional medical plant. Dandelion polysaccharides, a natural active ingredient extracted from the dandelion, possess immune regulation, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and anti-aggregation properties. These properties suggest that dandelion polysaccharides might alleviate atherosclerosis. Using an ApoE-/- atherosclerotic mice model fed a high-fat diet, we investigated the impact and potential mechanism of dandelion polysaccharides on atherosclerosis. We observed that dandelion polysaccharides significantly reduced the levels of triglyceride, total cholesterol, and low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol in serum, while elevated the high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol level. Concomitantly, dandelion polysaccharides reduced the area of atherosclerotic lesions and necrotic core of the aortic sinus, and increased the collagen content. Mechanistic studies showed that dandelion polysaccharides were effective in reducing serum malondialdehyde levels while elevating the enzymatic activities of superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase. Furthermore, dandelion polysaccharides reduced the expression of chemotactic factor Mcp-1 and pro-inflammatory cytokines (Tnf-α, Il-1β, and Il-6) in atherosclerotic lesions. Overall, these results indicated that dandelion polysaccharides may take an important part in the attenuation of atherosclerosis via its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuaishuai Zhou
- Department of Nutrition and Health, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; (S.Z.); (Z.W.); (Y.H.); (P.A.)
| | - Zi Wang
- Department of Nutrition and Health, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; (S.Z.); (Z.W.); (Y.H.); (P.A.)
- Food Laboratory of Zhongyuan, Luohe 462300, China
| | - Yanling Hao
- Department of Nutrition and Health, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; (S.Z.); (Z.W.); (Y.H.); (P.A.)
- Food Laboratory of Zhongyuan, Luohe 462300, China
| | - Peng An
- Department of Nutrition and Health, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; (S.Z.); (Z.W.); (Y.H.); (P.A.)
- Food Laboratory of Zhongyuan, Luohe 462300, China
| | - Junjie Luo
- Department of Nutrition and Health, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; (S.Z.); (Z.W.); (Y.H.); (P.A.)
- Food Laboratory of Zhongyuan, Luohe 462300, China
| | - Yongting Luo
- Department of Nutrition and Health, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; (S.Z.); (Z.W.); (Y.H.); (P.A.)
- Food Laboratory of Zhongyuan, Luohe 462300, China
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Dimitroglou Y, Aggeli C, Theofilis P, Tsioufis P, Oikonomou E, Chasikidis C, Tsioufis K, Tousoulis D. Novel Anti-Inflammatory Therapies in Coronary Artery Disease and Acute Coronary Syndromes. Life (Basel) 2023; 13:1669. [PMID: 37629526 PMCID: PMC10455741 DOI: 10.3390/life13081669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2023] [Revised: 07/27/2023] [Accepted: 07/30/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Evidence suggests that inflammation plays an important role in atherosclerosis and the consequent clinical presentation, including stable coronary artery disease (CAD) and acute coronary syndromes (ACS). The most essential elements are cytokines, proteins with hormone-like properties that are produced by the immune cells, endothelial cells, platelets, fibroblasts, and some stromal cells. Interleukins (IL-1β and IL-6), chemokines, interferon-γ (IFN-γ), and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) are the cytokines commonly associated with endothelial dysfunction, vascular inflammation, and atherosclerosis. These molecules can be targeted by commonly used therapeutic substances or selective molecules that exert targeted anti-inflammatory actions. The most significant anti-inflammatory therapies are aspirin, statins, colchicine, IL-1β inhibitors, and IL-6 inhibitors, along with novel therapies such as TNF-α inhibitors and IL-1 receptor antagonists. Aspirin and statins are well-established therapies for atherosclerosis and CAD and their pleiotropic and anti-inflammatory actions contribute to their efficacy and favorable profile. Colchicine may also be considered in high-risk patients if recurrent ACS episodes occur when on optimal medical therapy according to the most recent guidelines. Recent randomized studies have also shown that therapies specifically targeting inflammatory interleukins and inflammation can reduce the risk for cardiovascular events, but these therapies are yet to be fully implemented in clinical practice. Preclinical research is also intense, targeting various inflammatory mediators that are believed to be implicated in CAD, namely repeated transfers of the soluble mutant of IFN-γ receptors, NLRP3 inflammasome inhibitors, IL-10 delivery by nanocarriers, chemokine modulatory treatments, and reacting oxygen species (ROS) targeting nanoparticles. Such approaches, although intriguing and promising, ought to be tested in clinical settings before safe conclusions can be drawn. Although the link between inflammation and atherosclerosis is significant, further studies are needed in order to elucidate this association and improve outcomes in patients with CAD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yannis Dimitroglou
- First Department of Cardiology, “Hippokration” General Hospital, University of Athens Medical School, 11527 Athens, Greece; (Y.D.); (C.A.); (P.T.); (K.T.); (D.T.)
| | - Constantina Aggeli
- First Department of Cardiology, “Hippokration” General Hospital, University of Athens Medical School, 11527 Athens, Greece; (Y.D.); (C.A.); (P.T.); (K.T.); (D.T.)
| | - Panagiotis Theofilis
- First Department of Cardiology, “Hippokration” General Hospital, University of Athens Medical School, 11527 Athens, Greece; (Y.D.); (C.A.); (P.T.); (K.T.); (D.T.)
| | - Panagiotis Tsioufis
- First Department of Cardiology, “Hippokration” General Hospital, University of Athens Medical School, 11527 Athens, Greece; (Y.D.); (C.A.); (P.T.); (K.T.); (D.T.)
| | - Evangelos Oikonomou
- Third Department of Cardiology, Thoracic Diseases General Hospital “Sotiria”, University of Athens Medical School, 11527 Athens, Greece;
| | - Christos Chasikidis
- Department of Cardiology, General Hospital of Corinth, 20100 Corinth, Greece;
| | - Konstantinos Tsioufis
- First Department of Cardiology, “Hippokration” General Hospital, University of Athens Medical School, 11527 Athens, Greece; (Y.D.); (C.A.); (P.T.); (K.T.); (D.T.)
| | - Dimitris Tousoulis
- First Department of Cardiology, “Hippokration” General Hospital, University of Athens Medical School, 11527 Athens, Greece; (Y.D.); (C.A.); (P.T.); (K.T.); (D.T.)
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The Clinical Significance of Salusins in Systemic Sclerosis-A Cross-Sectional Study. Diagnostics (Basel) 2023; 13:diagnostics13050848. [PMID: 36899991 PMCID: PMC10001236 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics13050848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Revised: 02/14/2023] [Accepted: 02/21/2023] [Indexed: 02/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Systemic sclerosis (SSc) is a connective tissue disease manifesting with progressive fibrosis of the skin and internal organs. Its pathogenesis is strictly associated with vascular disfunction and damage. Salusin-α and salusin-β, endogenous peptides regulating secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines and vascular smooth muscle proliferation, may potentially play a role in SSc pathogenesis. Objectives: The aim of this study was to assess the concentration of salusins in sera of patients with SSc and healthy controls and to evaluate correlations between the salusins levels and selected clinical parameters within the study group. Materials and methods: 48 patients with SSc (44 women; mean age, 56.4, standard deviation, 11.4) and 25 adult healthy volunteers (25 women; mean age, 55.2, standard deviation, 11.2) were enrolled. All patients with SSc were treated with vasodilators and twenty-seven of them (56%) also received immunosuppressive therapy. Results: Circulating salusin-α was significantly elevated in patients with SSc in comparison to healthy controls (U = 350.5, p = 0.004). Patients with SSc receiving immunosuppression had higher serum salusin-α concentrations compared with those without immunosuppressive therapy (U = 176.0, p = 0.026). No correlation was observed between salusins concentrations and skin or internal organ involvement parameters. Conclusions: Salusin-α, a bioactive peptide mitigating the endothelial disfunction, was elevated in patients with systemic sclerosis receiving vasodilators and immunosuppressants. Increased salusin-α concertation may be associated with the initiation of atheroprotective processes in patients with SSc managed pharmacologically, which requires verification in future studies.
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Mangoni AA, Sotgia S, Zinellu A, Carru C, Pintus G, Damiani G, Erre GL, Tommasi S. Methotrexate and cardiovascular prevention: an appraisal of the current evidence. Ther Adv Cardiovasc Dis 2023; 17:17539447231215213. [PMID: 38115784 PMCID: PMC10732001 DOI: 10.1177/17539447231215213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2023] [Accepted: 11/02/2023] [Indexed: 12/21/2023] Open
Abstract
New evidence continues to accumulate regarding a significant association between excessive inflammation and dysregulated immunity (local and systemic) and the risk of cardiovascular events in different patient cohorts. Whilst research has sought to identify novel atheroprotective therapies targeting inflammation and immunity, several marketed drugs for rheumatological conditions may serve a similar purpose. One such drug, methotrexate, has been used since 1948 for treating cancer and, more recently, for a wide range of dysimmune conditions. Over the last 30 years, epidemiological and experimental studies have shown that methotrexate is independently associated with a reduced risk of cardiovascular disease, particularly in rheumatological patients, and exerts several beneficial effects on vascular homeostasis and blood pressure control. This review article discusses the current challenges with managing cardiovascular risk and the new frontiers offered by drug discovery and drug repurposing targeting inflammation and immunity with a focus on methotrexate. Specifically, the article critically appraises the results of observational, cross-sectional and intervention studies investigating the effects of methotrexate on overall cardiovascular risk and individual risk factors. It also discusses the putative molecular mechanisms underpinning the atheroprotective effects of methotrexate and the practical advantages of using methotrexate in cardiovascular prevention, and highlights future research directions in this area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arduino A. Mangoni
- Discipline of Clinical Pharmacology, College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University, Bedford Park, SA 5042, Australia
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Flinders Medical Centre, Southern Adelaide Local Health Network, Bedford Park, SA 5042, Australia
| | - Salvatore Sotgia
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sassari, Sassari, Italy; Quality Control Unit, University Hospital (AOUSS), Sassari, Italy
| | - Angelo Zinellu
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sassari, Sassari, Italy; Quality Control Unit, University Hospital (AOUSS), Sassari, Italy
| | - Ciriaco Carru
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sassari, Sassari, Italy
- Quality Control Unit, University Hospital (AOUSS), Sassari, Italy
| | - Gianfranco Pintus
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sassari, Sassari, Italy; Quality Control Unit, University Hospital (AOUSS), Sassari, Italy
| | - Giovanni Damiani
- Department of Biomedical, Surgical and Dental Sciences, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
- Italian Centre of Precision Medicine and Chronic Inflammation, Milan, Italy
| | - Gian Luca Erre
- Rheumatology Unit, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University Hospital (AOUSS) and University of Sassari, Sassari, Italy
| | - Sara Tommasi
- Discipline of Clinical Pharmacology, College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University, Adelaide, SA, Australia
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Flinders Medical Centre, Southern Adelaide Local Health Network, Adelaide, SA, Australia
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Erre GL, Cacciapaglia F, Sakellariou G, Manfredi A, Bartoloni E, Viapiana O, Fornaro M, Cauli A, Mangoni AA, Woodman RJ, Palermo BL, Gremese E, Cafaro G, Nucera V, Vacchi C, Spinelli FR, Atzeni F, Piga M. C-reactive protein and 10-year cardiovascular risk in rheumatoid arthritis. Eur J Intern Med 2022; 104:49-54. [PMID: 35821191 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejim.2022.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2022] [Revised: 06/17/2022] [Accepted: 07/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To evaluate the association between C-reactive protein (CRP) and 10-year risk of cardiovascular (CV) events using the Expanded Cardiovascular Risk Prediction Score for Rheumatoid Arthritis (ERS-RA), based on conventional and RA-specific risk factors but not CRP, in RA patients without previous cardiovascular events. METHODS ERS-RA was calculated in 1,251 "Cardiovascular Obesity and Rheumatic Disease Study (CORDIS)" database patients [(age 60.4(9.3) years; 78% female; disease duration, 11.6(8) years; CDAI, 9(9); CRP, 6.8(12) mg/L]. RESULTS The mean (SD) 10-year risk of CV events was 12.9% (10). After adjusting for the use of DMARDs and biologics, CRP concentrations were significantly associated with 10-year risk of CV events (coefficient=0.005 for each 10 mg/L CRP increment; 95%CI 0.000-0.111; p = 0.047). In mediation analysis, the association between CRP and ERS-RA was not explained by disease activity. CONCLUSION In a large cohort of RA patients without previous cardiovascular events, a 20 mg/L increase in CRP concentrations was associated with a 1% increase in 10-year risk of CV events. This suggests that actively targeting residual inflammatory risk beyond conventional and RA-specific risk factors might further reduce CV event rates in RA patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gian Luca Erre
- University and AOU of Sassari, Dipartimento di Medicina, Chirurgia e Farmacia, Sassari, Italy.
| | - Fabio Cacciapaglia
- University and AOU, Policlinico of Bari, Department of Emergency and Organs Transplantation, Bari, Italy
| | | | - Andreina Manfredi
- Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Policlinico di Modena, Unit of Rheumatology, Modena, Italy
| | - Elena Bartoloni
- University of Perugia, Department of Medicine and Surgery, Perugia, Italy
| | | | - Marco Fornaro
- University and AOU, Policlinico of Bari, Department of Emergency and Organs Transplantation, Bari, Italy
| | - Alberto Cauli
- Rheumatology Unit, Department of Medical Sciences and Public Health, AOU and University of Cagliari, Italy
| | - Arduino Aleksander Mangoni
- Flinders University and Flinders Medical Centre, Discipline of Clinical Pharmacology, College of Medicine and Public Health, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Richard John Woodman
- Flinders University, Centre of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, College of Medicine and Public Health, Adelaide, Australia
| | | | - Elisa Gremese
- Policlinico Gemelli, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Dipartimento di Scienze Mediche e Chirurgiche, Roma, Italy
| | - Giacomo Cafaro
- University of Verona, Dipartimento di Medicina, Verona, Italy
| | - Valeria Nucera
- University of Messina, Dipartimento di Medicina Clinica e Sperimentale, Messina, Italy
| | - Caterina Vacchi
- University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Clinical and Experimental Medicine PhD Program, Modena, Italy
| | - Francesca Romana Spinelli
- Università La Sapienza, Dipartimento di Scienze Cliniche Internistiche, Anestesiologiche e Cardiovascolari, Roma, Italy
| | - Fabiola Atzeni
- University of Messina, Dipartimento di Medicina Clinica e Sperimentale, Messina, Italy
| | - Matteo Piga
- Rheumatology Unit, Department of Medical Sciences and Public Health, AOU and University of Cagliari, Italy
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Cinnamaldehyde Mitigates Atherosclerosis Induced by High-Fat Diet via Modulation of Hyperlipidemia, Oxidative Stress, and Inflammation. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2022; 2022:4464180. [PMID: 35774377 PMCID: PMC9239836 DOI: 10.1155/2022/4464180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2021] [Revised: 03/16/2022] [Accepted: 05/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Atherosclerosis is a disease in which plaque builds up inside arteries. Cinnamaldehyde (Ci) has many biological properties that include anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activities. Thus, this study was designed to explore the protective effect of Ci against atherosclerosis induced by a high-fat diet (HFD) in Wistar rats. Atherosclerosis was induced by an oral administration of an HFD for 10 weeks. Atherosclerosis-induced rats were supplemented with Ci at a dose of 20 mg/kg bw dissolved in 0.5% dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), daily by oral gavage for the same period. Rats were divided into three groups of 10 rats each fed with (a) ND, (b) HFD, and (c) HFD+Ci, daily for 10 weeks. Treatment of rats with Ci significantly reduced the elevated levels of serum total cholesterol (T.Ch), triglycerides (TG), low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (LDL-Ch), very low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (VLDL-Ch), and free fatty acids (FFAs) and significantly increased the lowered levels of high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (HDL-Ch) level. Ci ameliorated the increased cardiovascular risk indices 1 and 2 and the decreased antiatherogenic index. Moreover, Ci reduced the elevated serum creatine kinase (CK), creatine kinase-MB (CK-MB), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) activities. Ci also improved the heart antioxidant activities by decreasing malondialdehyde (MDA) and increasing glutathione S-transferase (GST), superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), reduced glutathione (GSH), and glutathione peroxidase (Gpx) activities. Furthermore, the supplementation with Ci downregulated the mRNA expression levels of interleukin-1β (IL-1β), interleukin-6 (IL-6), interleukin-17 (IL-17), and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α). Thus, Ci successfully elicited a therapeutic impact against atherosclerosis induced by HFD via its hypolipidemic, antioxidant, and anti-inflammatory actions.
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Tufan E, Sivas GG, Gürel-Gökmen B, Yılmaz-Karaoğlu S, Ercan D, Özbeyli D, Şener G, Tunali-Akbay T. Inhibitory effect of whey protein concentrate on SARS-CoV-2-targeted furin activity and spike protein-ACE2 binding in methotrexate-induced lung damage. J Food Biochem 2022; 46:e14039. [PMID: 34981557 DOI: 10.1111/jfbc.14039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2021] [Revised: 11/11/2021] [Accepted: 11/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
This study aims to investigate the effects of whey proteins on SARS CoV-2 in methotrexate-induced lung tissue damage in rats. To determine the possible effects, rats were divided into four groups as control, control + whey, methotrexate (20 mg/kg, i.p.) and methotrexate + whey. Whey protein concentrate (2 g/kg, oral gavage) was administered for 10 days. Cytokine levels were measured and protein electrophoresis was carried out in serum samples. Lipid peroxidation, nitric oxide and glutathione level, and superoxide dismutase and glutathione S transferase activities were determined in lung samples. Inhibition of SARS CoV-2-targeted lung furin activity and SARS CoV-2 spike protein-angiotensin converting enzyme binding with whey protein concentrate were also measured in each group. In conclusion, whey protein concentrate improved methotrexate-induced lung damage and inhibited lung furin activity targeting SARS-CoV-2 S1/S2 site cleavage and SARS CoV-2 spike protein-angiotensin converting enzyme binding. Whey proteins are potential protective candidates that inhibit SARS CoV-2-related interactions, even in methotrexate-induced lung injury. PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS: Whey proteins have anticarcinogenic, antihypertensive, antioxidant, antibacterial, antiviral, and immunomodulating properties due to the protein, bioactive peptide, and essential amino acid content. Methotrexate is a folate antagonist and inhibits cell proliferation and purine synthesis. The combined use of whey protein concentrate and methotrexate may be an alternative in the development of new strategies to the treatment approaches against COVID-19. In addition, according to the results of this study, it is thought that the protective effect of whey proteins in healthy conditions before encountering the SARS CoV-2 may be higher than those who have never used it.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elif Tufan
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Dentistry Faculty, Marmara University, İstanbul, Turkey
| | - Güzin Göksun Sivas
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Dentistry Faculty, Marmara University, İstanbul, Turkey
| | - Begüm Gürel-Gökmen
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Dentistry Faculty, Marmara University, İstanbul, Turkey
| | - Sümeyye Yılmaz-Karaoğlu
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Dentistry Faculty, Marmara University, İstanbul, Turkey
| | - Dursun Ercan
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Dentistry Faculty, Marmara University, İstanbul, Turkey
| | - Dilek Özbeyli
- Vocational School of Health Services, Marmara University, İstanbul, Turkey
| | - Göksel Şener
- Vocational School of Health Services, Fenerbahce University, İstanbul, Turkey
| | - Tuğba Tunali-Akbay
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Dentistry Faculty, Marmara University, İstanbul, Turkey
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Sun Z, Yuan W, Li L, Cai H, Mao X, Zhang L, Zang G, Wang Z. Macrophage CD36 and TLR4 Cooperation Promotes Foam Cell Formation and VSMC Migration and Proliferation Under Circadian Oscillations. J Cardiovasc Transl Res 2022; 15:985-997. [PMID: 35257279 DOI: 10.1007/s12265-022-10225-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2021] [Accepted: 02/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Circadian rhythm disorders can accelerate atherosclerosis. This study aimed to determine the role of circadian disordered macrophages in atherosclerotic development. Mice were divided into NC group (normal circadian rhythm), L24 group (constant light), D12L12 group (weekly shift light/dark cycle), and D24 group (constant dark). Atherosclerotic progression was significantly accelerated in L24, D12L12, and D24 groups. Peritoneal macrophages from circadian disruption groups exhibited enhanced cytokine secretion and foam cell formation. Migration and proliferation of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) were increased under the conditioned medium of circadian disordered macrophages. The blockade of CD36 markedly inhibited foam cell formation. Compared with blocking CD36 or TLR4 alone, the co-inhibition of CD36 and TLR4 in macrophages further reduced cytokine secretion and more effectively inhibited VSMC migration and proliferation. In conclusion, the activation of CD36 and TLR4 in circadian disordered macrophages promotes foam cell formation and cytokine secretion and enhances VSMC migration and proliferation. Circadian rhythm disorders promote lipid uptake and cytokine secretion of macrophages by regulating CD36 and TLR4, and enhance VSMC migration and proliferation through the paracrine effect of macrophages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Sun
- Department of Cardiology, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212001, China
| | - Wei Yuan
- Department of Cardiology, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212001, China
| | - Lihua Li
- Department of Pathology, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212001, China
| | - Honghua Cai
- Department of Burn Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212001, China
| | - Xiang Mao
- Department of Cardiology, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212001, China
| | - Lili Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212001, China
| | - Guangyao Zang
- Department of Cardiology, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212001, China
| | - Zhongqun Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212001, China.
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Cafaro G, Petito E, Bistoni O, Falcinelli E, Cipriani S, Borghi MC, Bonifacio AF, Giglio E, Alunno A, Perricone C, Gerli R, Gresele P, Bartoloni E. Methotrexate improves endothelial function in early rheumatoid arthritis patients after 3 months of treatment. Arthritis Res Ther 2022; 24:236. [PMID: 36280849 PMCID: PMC9590167 DOI: 10.1186/s13075-022-02930-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2022] [Accepted: 10/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Endothelial dysfunction contributes to increased cardiovascular (CV) disease in rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Angiogenic T cells (Tang) are a key regulator of vascular function via their interaction with endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs). Methotrexate (MTX) has been associated to reduced CV disease risk, but its effects on endothelial homeostasis have been poorly explored. We investigated MTX effects on endothelial homeostasis in early, treatment-naïve RA patients. Methods Fifteen untreated, early RA patients and matched healthy controls (HC) were enrolled. RA patients with long-standing disease in remission or low disease activity treated with MTX for at least 6 months were selected as controls. Circulating CD28+ and CD28null Tang cell, endothelial microparticle (EMP), EPC and soluble vascular cell adhesion molecule (sVCAM)-1 levels were measured. Results Tang percentage was higher in early RA than in HCs and significantly increased after 3-month MTX treatment. Tang cells in RA were characterized by higher percentage of CD28null and lower CD28-positive cells than HCs. MTX restored a Tang cell phenotype similar to HCs. Altered sVCAM-1, EMP and EPC were restored to levels similar to HCs after a 3-month MTX. Biomarker levels after 3 months of MTX were not different to those of patients with long-standing treatment. Conclusions MTX has a positive effect on Tang, sVCAM-1, EPCs and EMPs in RA. Restoration of imbalance between CD28 + and CD28null Tang by MTX may be one of the mechanisms underlying its favourable effects on endothelial dysfunction. These effects seem to be long-lasting and independent from systemic inflammation reduction, suggesting a direct effect of MTX on the endothelium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giacomo Cafaro
- grid.9027.c0000 0004 1757 3630Rheumatology Unit, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Eleonora Petito
- grid.9027.c0000 0004 1757 3630Section of Internal and Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Onelia Bistoni
- grid.9027.c0000 0004 1757 3630Rheumatology Unit, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Emanuela Falcinelli
- grid.9027.c0000 0004 1757 3630Section of Internal and Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Sabrina Cipriani
- grid.9027.c0000 0004 1757 3630Rheumatology Unit, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Maria Chiara Borghi
- grid.9027.c0000 0004 1757 3630Section of Internal and Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Angelo F. Bonifacio
- grid.9027.c0000 0004 1757 3630Rheumatology Unit, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Elisa Giglio
- grid.9027.c0000 0004 1757 3630Section of Internal and Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Alessia Alunno
- grid.9027.c0000 0004 1757 3630Rheumatology Unit, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy ,grid.158820.60000 0004 1757 2611Internal Medicine and Nephrology Unit, Department of Life, Health & Environmental Sciences, University of L’Aquila, L’Aquila, Italy
| | - Carlo Perricone
- grid.9027.c0000 0004 1757 3630Rheumatology Unit, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Roberto Gerli
- grid.9027.c0000 0004 1757 3630Rheumatology Unit, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Paolo Gresele
- grid.9027.c0000 0004 1757 3630Section of Internal and Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Elena Bartoloni
- grid.9027.c0000 0004 1757 3630Rheumatology Unit, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
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10
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Balak DMW, Piaserico S, Kasujee I. Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease (NAFLD) in Patients with Psoriasis: A Review of the Hepatic Effects of Systemic Therapies. PSORIASIS (AUCKLAND, N.Z.) 2021; 11:151-168. [PMID: 34909410 PMCID: PMC8665778 DOI: 10.2147/ptt.s342911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2021] [Accepted: 11/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
There is increasing interest in the association between psoriasis and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), which is a prevalent liver disease characterized by excessive fat storage and inflammation that can progress to fibrosis and cancer. Patients with psoriasis have a two-fold higher risk to develop NAFLD and a higher risk to progress to more severe liver disease. Psoriasis and NAFLD share common risk factors such as smoking, alcohol consumption, and the presence of metabolic syndrome and its component disorders. In addition, both psoriasis and NAFLD hinge upon a systemic low-grade inflammation that can lead to a vicious cycle of progressive liver damage in NAFLD as well as worsening of the underlying psoriasis. Other important shared pathophysiological pathways include peripheral insulin resistance and oxidative stress. NAFLD should receive clinical awareness as important comorbidity in psoriasis. In this review, we assess the recent literature on the epidemiological and pathophysiological relationship of psoriasis and NAFLD, discuss the clinical implications of NAFLD in psoriasis patients, and summarize the hepatotoxic and hepatoprotective potential of systemic psoriasis therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deepak M W Balak
- Department of Dermatology, LangeLand Ziekenhuis, Zoetermeer, the Netherlands.,Department of Dermatology, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Stefano Piaserico
- Dermatology Unit, Department of Medicine, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
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11
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Erre GL, Castagna F, Sauchella A, Meloni P, Mangoni AA, Farina G, Woodman R, Dore MP, Vidili G. Prevalence and risk factors of moderate to severe hepatic steatosis in patients with rheumatoid arthritis: an ultrasonography cross-sectional case-control study. Ther Adv Musculoskelet Dis 2021; 13:1759720X211042739. [PMID: 34819999 PMCID: PMC8606981 DOI: 10.1177/1759720x211042739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2021] [Accepted: 08/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: The independent association between hepatic steatosis and rheumatoid arthritis is poorly defined. Methods: The presence of moderate to severe steatosis was assessed, using liver ultrasonography, in 364 consecutive non-diabetic subjects (223 patients with rheumatoid arthritis and 141 age- and sex-matched healthy controls). Adjusted multiple regression analysis was performed to explore the association between rheumatoid arthritis and moderate to severe steatosis in the overall sample and identify independent risk factors in the rheumatoid arthritis subgroup. Results: The prevalence of moderate to severe steatosis in the overall sample was 31.3%, with a significantly higher prevalence in patients with rheumatoid arthritis than healthy controls (38.7% versus 19.7%, p < 0.0001). After adjustment for sex, age, cholesterol, triglycerides, body mass index, waist, hypertension and smoke, rheumatoid arthritis remained significantly associated with moderate to severe steatosis [odds ratio (95% confidence interval) = 2.24 (1.31, 3.84); p = 0.003]. In the rheumatoid arthritis group, male sex, higher body mass index, higher triglycerides concentrations and higher cumulative dosage of methotrexate [odds ratio (95% confidence interval) = 1.11 (1.01, 1.23); p = 0.026] were significantly associated with moderate to severe steatosis, while systemic inflammation, disease activity, use of steroids and biologics were not. Conclusion: Rheumatoid arthritis is independently associated with moderate to severe steatosis, with male sex, higher body mass index and cumulative dose of methotrexate being predisposing factors. Further prospective studies are warranted to confirm our findings and to investigate the effect of steatosis on liver outcomes in the rheumatoid arthritis population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gian Luca Erre
- Dipartimento di Scienze Mediche, Chirurgiche e Sperimentali, Università degli Studi di Sassari, Viale San Pietro, 8, Sassari, 07100, Italy
| | | | | | | | - Arduino Aleksander Mangoni
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University and Flinders Medical Centre, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Giuseppina Farina
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche, Università degli Studi di Sassari, Sassari, Italy
| | - Richard Woodman
- Centre of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Maria Pina Dore
- Dipartimento di Scienze Mediche, Chirurgiche e Sperimentali, Università degli Studi di Sassari, Sassari, Italy
| | - Gianpaolo Vidili
- Dipartimento di Scienze Mediche, Chirurgiche e Sperimentali, Università degli Studi di Sassari, Sassari, Italy
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12
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Lems W, Boers M, van Vollenhoven RF, Nurmohamed M. Antirheumatic drugs for cardiovascular disease prevention: the case for colchicine. RMD Open 2021; 7:rmdopen-2020-001560. [PMID: 33727219 PMCID: PMC7970260 DOI: 10.1136/rmdopen-2020-001560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2020] [Revised: 03/04/2021] [Accepted: 03/05/2021] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
We summarised four pivotal Randomised Controlled Trials (RCTs) with antirheumatic drugs on the secondary prevention of cardiovascular events. The favourable effects of canakinumab and colchicine confirm (low-grade) inflammation as an independent risk factor for cardiovascular events. While colchicine might be the first drug in the clinic, we expect that this is only the first in a future series of anti-inflammatory drugs used in secondary prevention of cardiovascular events.
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Affiliation(s)
- Willem Lems
- Rheumatology, Amsterdam Rheumatology and Immunology Center, Amsterdam, Noord-Holland, The Netherlands .,Department of Rheumatology, Reade, Amsterdam, Noord-Holland, The Netherlands
| | - Maarten Boers
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, VU University Medical Centre, Amsterdam, Noord-Holland, The Netherlands
| | - Ronald F van Vollenhoven
- Rheumatology, Amsterdam Rheumatology and Immunology Center, Amsterdam, Noord-Holland, The Netherlands
| | - Mike Nurmohamed
- Rheumatology, Amsterdam Rheumatology and Immunology Center, Amsterdam, Noord-Holland, The Netherlands
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13
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Verhoeven F, Prati C, Chouk M, Demougeot C, Wendling D. Methotrexate and cardiovascular risk in rheumatic diseases:A comprehensive review. Expert Rev Clin Pharmacol 2021; 14:1105-1112. [PMID: 34006152 DOI: 10.1080/17512433.2021.1932461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Introduction: Management of inflammatory rheumatic diseases has evolved based on improved treatment strategies and better management of comorbidities, specifically cardiovascular risk. Methotrexate is one of the first-line treatments in the management of inflammatory rheumatic diseases, but its cardiovascular effects are poorly understood. The purpose of this review is to assess the cardiovascular impact of methotrexate in inflammatory rheumatic disease.Areas covered: Current knowledge about the mechanism of action of methotrexate on cardiovascular tissue is presented. A review of the literature in the Medline, Cochrane and Embase databases was performed. Current data about the cardiovascular effects of methotrexate in rheumatoid arthritis, psoriatic arthritis, and psoriasis are presented.Expert opinion: Mechanism of action of methotrexate is based on the antagonism of purines. It reduces systemic inflammation and oxidative stress and improves the major cardiovascular risk factors. Methotrexate improves cardiovascular risk in rheumatoid arthritis, psoriasis and psoriatic arthritis, but the mechanisms involved are partially identified. Data are controversial regarding its effects on endothelial function and atherosclerosis. Conversely, in the general population and in patients with HIV infection, methotrexate does not modify cardiovascular outcomes. Thus, methotrexate only improves cardiovascular risk by reducing systemic inflammation, and should not be used to prevent cardiovascular events.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frank Verhoeven
- Department of Rheumatology, Service De Rhumatologie, CHRU De Besançon, Besancon, France.,EA 4267 : "PEPITE", FHU Increase, Université Bourgogne - Franche Comte, UFR Santé, Besancon, France
| | - Clément Prati
- Department of Rheumatology, Service De Rhumatologie, CHRU De Besançon, Besancon, France.,EA 4267 : "PEPITE", FHU Increase, Université Bourgogne - Franche Comte, UFR Santé, Besancon, France
| | - Mickaël Chouk
- Department of Rheumatology, Service De Rhumatologie, CHRU De Besançon, Besancon, France
| | - Céline Demougeot
- EA 4267 : "PEPITE", FHU Increase, Université Bourgogne - Franche Comte, UFR Santé, Besancon, France
| | - Daniel Wendling
- Department of Rheumatology, Service De Rhumatologie, CHRU De Besançon, Besancon, France.,EA 4266 : « EPILAB », Université Bourgogne - Franche Comte, UFR Santé, Besancon, France
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14
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Floris A, Perra D, Cangemi I, Congia M, Chessa E, Angioni MM, Mangoni AA, Erre GL, Mathieu A, Piga M, Cauli A. Current smoking predicts inadequate response to methotrexate monotherapy in rheumatoid arthritis patients naïve to DMARDs: Results from a retrospective cohort study. Medicine (Baltimore) 2021; 100:e25481. [PMID: 33907096 PMCID: PMC8084001 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000025481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2020] [Revised: 03/16/2021] [Accepted: 03/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
ABSTRACT Identifying predictors of inadequate response to methotrexate (MTX) in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is key to move from a "trial and error" to a "personalized medicine" treatment approach where patients less likely to adequately respond to MTX monotherapy could start combination therapy at an earlier stage. This study aimed to identify potential predictors of inadequate response to MTX in RA patients naïve to disease modifying anti-rheumatic drugs.Data from a real-life cohort of newly diagnosed RA patients starting MTX (baseline, T0) as first-line therapy were analyzed. Outcomes, assessed after 6 months (T1), were defined as failure to achieve a disease activity score 28 (DAS28) low disease activity (LDA) or a good/moderate response to MTX, according to the European League Against Rheumatism (EULAR) response criteria. Logistic regression was used to assess the associations between baseline variables and the study outcomes.Overall, 294 patients (60.5% females, median age 54.5 years) with a median disease duration of 7.9 months were recruited. At T1, 47.3% of subjects failed to achieve LDA, and 29.3% did not have any EULAR-response. In multivariate analysis, significant associations were observed between no LDA and current smoking (adjusted odds ratio [adjOR] 1.79, P = .037), female gender (adjOR 1.68, P = .048), and higher DAS28 (adjOR 1.31, P = .013); and between no EULAR-response and current smoking (adjOR: 2.04, P = .019), age (adjOR: 0.72 per 10-years increases, P = .001), and higher erythrocyte sedimentation rate (adjOR: 0.49; P = .020). By contrast, there were no associations between past smoker status and study outcomes.In summary, in our real-life cohort of disease modifying anti-rheumatic drug naïve RA patients, current smoking habit independently predicts inadequate response to MTX. This, together with other independent predictors of response to treatment identified in our study, might assist with personalized monitoring in RA patients. Further studies are required to investigate whether smoking quitting strategies enhance the therapeutic response to MTX.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alberto Floris
- Rheumatology Unit, University of Cagliari and AOU University Clinic of Cagliari, Monserrato, Italy
| | - Daniela Perra
- Rheumatology Unit, University of Cagliari and AOU University Clinic of Cagliari, Monserrato, Italy
| | - Ignazio Cangemi
- Rheumatology Unit, University of Cagliari and AOU University Clinic of Cagliari, Monserrato, Italy
| | - Mattia Congia
- Rheumatology Unit, University of Cagliari and AOU University Clinic of Cagliari, Monserrato, Italy
| | - Elisabetta Chessa
- Rheumatology Unit, University of Cagliari and AOU University Clinic of Cagliari, Monserrato, Italy
| | - Maria Maddalena Angioni
- Rheumatology Unit, University of Cagliari and AOU University Clinic of Cagliari, Monserrato, Italy
| | - Arduino Aleksander Mangoni
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University and Flinders Medical Centre, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Gian Luca Erre
- Rheumatology Unit, University of Sassari and AOU University of Sassari, Sassari, Italy
| | - Alessandro Mathieu
- Rheumatology Unit, University of Cagliari and AOU University Clinic of Cagliari, Monserrato, Italy
| | - Matteo Piga
- Rheumatology Unit, University of Cagliari and AOU University Clinic of Cagliari, Monserrato, Italy
| | - Alberto Cauli
- Rheumatology Unit, University of Sassari and AOU University of Sassari, Sassari, Italy
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15
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Xu J, Feng H, Ma L, Tan H, Yan S, Fang C. Bakkenolide‑IIIa ameliorates lipopolysaccharide‑induced inflammatory injury in human umbilical vein endothelial cells by upregulating LINC00294. Mol Med Rep 2021; 23:377. [PMID: 33760129 PMCID: PMC7986008 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2021.12016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2020] [Accepted: 02/04/2021] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Inflammation, which causes injury to vascular endothelial cells, is one of the major factors associated with atherosclerosis (AS); therefore, inhibition of endothelial inflammation is a key step toward preventing AS. The present study aimed to investigate the effects of bakkenolide-IIIa (Bak-IIIa), an important active component of bakkenolides, on endothelial inflammation, as well as the mechanisms underlying such effects. Lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-damaged human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) were treated with Bak-IIIa. The results of the MTT assay and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay indicated that Bak-IIIa significantly alleviated survival inhibition, and decreased the levels of LPS-induced TNF-α, interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-8, and IL-6. Furthermore, long noncoding RNA (lncRNA) microarray analyses revealed 70 differentially expressed lncRNAs (DELs) in LPS-damaged HUVECs treated with Bak-IIIa. lncRNA target prediction results revealed that 44 DELs had 52 cis-targets, whereas 12 DELs covered 386 trans-targets. Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes analyses of the trans-targets indicated that three GO terms were associated with inflammation. Therefore, 17 targets involved in these GO terms and six relevant DELs were screened out. Validation via reverse transcription-quantitative PCR indicated that the fold change of NR_015451 (LINC00294) was the highest among the six candidates and that overexpression of LINC00294 significantly alleviated LPS-induced survival inhibition and inflammatory damage in HUVECs. In conclusion, Bak-IIIa ameliorated LPS-induced inflammatory damage in HUVECs by upregulating LINC00294. Thus, Bak-IIIa exhibited potential for preventing vascular inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jichong Xu
- Department of Interventional Radiology, Tongji Hospital of Tongji University, Shanghai 200065, P.R. China
| | - Hao Feng
- Department of Interventional Radiology, Tongji Hospital of Tongji University, Shanghai 200065, P.R. China
| | - Lin Ma
- Department of Interventional Radiology, Tongji Hospital of Tongji University, Shanghai 200065, P.R. China
| | - Huaqiao Tan
- Department of Interventional Radiology, Tongji Hospital of Tongji University, Shanghai 200065, P.R. China
| | - Shuo Yan
- Department of Interventional Radiology, Tongji Hospital of Tongji University, Shanghai 200065, P.R. China
| | - Chun Fang
- Department of Interventional Radiology, Tongji Hospital of Tongji University, Shanghai 200065, P.R. China
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16
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Younis NN, Mohamed HE, Shaheen MA, Abdelghafour AM, Hammad SK. Inactivation of Wnt/β-catenin/renin angiotensin axis by tumor necrosis factor-alpha inhibitor, infliximab, ameliorates CKD induced in rats. Biochem Pharmacol 2021; 185:114426. [PMID: 33482150 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2021.114426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2020] [Revised: 01/14/2021] [Accepted: 01/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Infliximab (IFX), a chimeric monoclonal antibody against tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), is widely used to treat autoimmune diseases and chronic diseases associated with inflammation. TNF-α was reported to inhibit klotho, reactivate β-catenin and cause tubular cell injury in vitro. Whether the inhibition of TNF-α can regulate Wnt/β-catenin pathway via klotho in CKD in vivo is not studied yet. We aimed to investigate the impact of IFX on Wnt/β-catenin pathway in doxorubicin (DOX)-induced nephropathy. Doxorubicin (3.5 mg/kg; i.p., twice weekly for 3 weeks) increased serum cystatin-C, urine albumin/creatinine ratio (UACR), but depleted renal podocin. It markedly increased renal contents of TNF-α, interleukin-6 (IL-6), interleukin-1β (IL1β). DOX decreased the renal expression of klotho which in turn increased Wnt1, active β-catenin/total β-catenin ratio in renal tissue. Significant increase in renal gene expression of RENIN, ACE, and AT1 was observed. Moreover, renal fibronectin and collagen deposition increased in renal tissue. Treatment with either IFX (5 mg/kg, once; i.p.), losartan (LOS, 10 mg/kg/day, orally) or their combination significantly improved renal function, inhibited inflammatory cytokines and fibrosis. Renal TNF-α was negatively correlated with renal klotho. On the hand, it was positively correlated with renal Wnt1 and active β-catenin/total β-catenin ratio. The combined IFX and LOS treatment was the most effective in improving all studied parameters. In conclusion, this study proved, for the first time, the inhibitory effect of IFX on renal Wnt/β-catenin signaling in DOX-induced nephropathy in vivo by up-regulating renal klotho. Therefore, these results suggest a new role for IFX in chronic kidney disease via targeting renal Wnt/β-catenin/renin angiotensin axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nahla N Younis
- Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44519, Egypt
| | - Hoda E Mohamed
- Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44519, Egypt.
| | - Mohamed A Shaheen
- Histology and Cell Biology Department, Faculty of Human Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44519, Egypt
| | - Asmaa M Abdelghafour
- Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44519, Egypt
| | - Sally K Hammad
- Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44519, Egypt
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17
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Yang D, Haemmig S, Zhou H, Pérez-Cremades D, Sun X, Chen L, Li J, Haneo-Mejia J, Yang T, Hollan I, Feinberg MW. Methotrexate attenuates vascular inflammation through an adenosine-microRNA-dependent pathway. eLife 2021; 10:58064. [PMID: 33416495 PMCID: PMC7840179 DOI: 10.7554/elife.58064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2020] [Accepted: 12/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Endothelial cell (EC) activation is an early hallmark in the pathogenesis of chronic vascular diseases. MicroRNA-181b (Mir181b) is an important anti-inflammatory mediator in the vascular endothelium affecting endotoxemia, atherosclerosis, and insulin resistance. Herein, we identify that the drug methotrexate (MTX) and its downstream metabolite adenosine exert anti-inflammatory effects in the vascular endothelium by targeting and activating Mir181b expression. Both systemic and endothelial-specific Mir181a2b2-deficient mice develop vascular inflammation, white adipose tissue (WAT) inflammation, and insulin resistance in a diet-induced obesity model. Moreover, MTX attenuated diet-induced WAT inflammation, insulin resistance, and EC activation in a Mir181a2b2-dependent manner. Mechanistically, MTX attenuated cytokine-induced EC activation through a unique adenosine-adenosine receptor A3-SMAD3/4-Mir181b signaling cascade. These findings establish an essential role of endothelial Mir181b in controlling vascular inflammation and that restoring Mir181b in ECs by high-dose MTX or adenosine signaling may provide a potential therapeutic opportunity for anti-inflammatory therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dafeng Yang
- Department of Medicine, Cardiovascular Division, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, United States.,Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Stefan Haemmig
- Department of Medicine, Cardiovascular Division, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, United States
| | - Haoyang Zhou
- Department of Medicine, Cardiovascular Division, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, United States
| | - Daniel Pérez-Cremades
- Department of Medicine, Cardiovascular Division, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, United States
| | - Xinghui Sun
- Department of Medicine, Cardiovascular Division, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, United States
| | - Lei Chen
- Department of Medicine, Cardiovascular Division, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, United States.,Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Jie Li
- Department of Medicine, Cardiovascular Division, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, United States
| | - Jorge Haneo-Mejia
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Institute for Immunology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, United States.,Division of Protective Immunity, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, United States
| | - Tianlun Yang
- Department of Cardiology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Ivana Hollan
- Department of Medicine, Cardiovascular Division, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, United States.,Lillehammer Hospital for Rheumatic diseases, Lillehammer, Norway.,Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Gjøvik, Norway
| | - Mark W Feinberg
- Department of Medicine, Cardiovascular Division, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, United States
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18
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Carbone F, Bonaventura A, Liberale L, Paolino S, Torre F, Dallegri F, Montecucco F, Cutolo M. Atherosclerosis in Rheumatoid Arthritis: Promoters and Opponents. Clin Rev Allergy Immunol 2020; 58:1-14. [PMID: 30259381 DOI: 10.1007/s12016-018-8714-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Substantial epidemiological data identified cardiovascular (CV) diseases as a main cause of mortality in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA). In light of this, RA patients may benefit from additional CV risk screening and more intensive prevention strategies. Nevertheless, current algorithms for CV risk stratification still remain tailored on general population and are burdened by a significant underestimation of CV risk in RA patients. Acute CV events in patients with RA are largely related to an accelerated atherosclerosis. As pathophysiological features of atherosclerosis overlap those occurring in the inflamed RA synovium, the understanding of those common pathways represents an urgent need and a leading challenge for CV prevention in patients with RA. Genetic background, metabolic status, gut microbiome, and systemic inflammation have been also suggested as additional key pro-atherosclerotic factors. The aim of this narrative review is to update the current knowledge about pathophysiology of atherogenesis in RA patients and potential anti-atherosclerotic effects of disease-modifying anti-rheumatic drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Federico Carbone
- First Clinic of Internal Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
| | - Aldo Bonaventura
- First Clinic of Internal Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
| | - Luca Liberale
- First Clinic of Internal Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy.,Center for Molecular Cardiology, University of Zürich, 12 Wagistrasse, 8952, Schlieren, Switzerland
| | - Sabrina Paolino
- Research Laboratory and Academic Division of Clinical Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Genoa, San Martino Polyclinic Hospital, Genoa, Italy.,IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino Genoa, 10 Largo Benzi, 16132, Genoa, Italy
| | - Francesco Torre
- IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino Genoa, 10 Largo Benzi, 16132, Genoa, Italy.,Clinic of Emergency Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
| | - Franco Dallegri
- First Clinic of Internal Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy.,IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino Genoa-Italian Cardiovascular Network, 10 Largo Benzi, 16132, Genoa, Italy
| | - Fabrizio Montecucco
- IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino Genoa-Italian Cardiovascular Network, 10 Largo Benzi, 16132, Genoa, Italy.,First Clinic of Internal Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine and Centre of Excellence for Biomedical Research (CEBR), University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
| | - Maurizio Cutolo
- IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino Genoa, 10 Largo Benzi, 16132, Genoa, Italy. .,Research Laboratory and Academic Division of Clinical Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine and Centre of Excellence for Biomedical Research (CEBR), University of Genoa, San Martino Polyclinic Hospital, Genoa, Italy.
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19
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NAZAROVA LS, V. DANILKO K, A. MALIEVSKY V, O. KARIMOV D, B. BAKIROV A, V. VIKTOROVA T. The relationship of the immune response mediator genes’ polymorphic variants with the methotrexate efficacy in juvenile idiopathic arthritis. Turk J Med Sci 2020; 50:1038-1047. [PMID: 31958219 PMCID: PMC7379423 DOI: 10.3906/sag-1910-96] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2019] [Accepted: 01/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Background/aim The aim of the study was to analyze the relationship of the immune response mediator genes’ polymorphic loci (TNFA rs1800629, LTA rs909253, IL1B rs16944, IL2-IL21 rs6822844, IL2RA rs2104286, IL6 rs1800795, IL10 rs1800872, MIF rs755622, CTLA4 rs3087243, NFKB1 rs28362491, PTPN22 rs2476601, PADI4 rs2240336) variants with the methotrexate efficacy in juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA). Materials and methods The study included 274 JIA patients from the Republic of Bashkortostan, Russia. Achieving the American College of Rheumatology Pediatric 30 (ACR Pedi 30) response was regarded as the presence of the response to methotrexate (otherwise, as the absence), while achieving clinical remission on medication (Wallace et al., 2011) - as the sufficient response (otherwise, as the insufficient). Genotyping was conducted by the real-time polymerase chain reaction. Results Associations with an altered risk of the nonresponse to methotrexate in JIA were observed for the alleles/genotypes of the lociIL10 rs1800872 (in girls) and NFKB1 rs28362491 (in girls); with an altered risk of the insufficient response to methotrexate in JIA – for the alleles/genotypes of the loci IL1B rs16944 (in boys), CTLA4 rs3087243 (in boys), NFKB1 rs28362491 (in girls) and the haplotype TNFA rs1800629*A - LTA rs909253*G (in girls). Conclusion As a result of the study, the relationship of the alleles/genotypes of the IL1B rs16944, IL10 rs1800872, CTLA4 rs3087243, NFKB1 rs28362491 polymorphic lociand the TNFA rs1800629*A - LTA rs909253*G haplotype with the methotrexate efficacy in JIA was established (taking into account the differences by sex).
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Affiliation(s)
- Liliia Sh. NAZAROVA
- Department of Toxicology and Genetics, Ufa Research Institute of Occupational Health and Human Ecology, UfaRussia
| | - Ksenia V. DANILKO
- Central Research Laboratory, Bashkir State Medical University, UfaRussia
- Department of Biology, Bashkir State Medical University, UfaRussia
| | - Viktor A. MALIEVSKY
- Department of Hospital Pediatrics, Bashkir State Medical University, UfaRussia
| | - Denis O. KARIMOV
- Department of Toxicology and Genetics, Ufa Research Institute of Occupational Health and Human Ecology, UfaRussia
| | - Akhat B. BAKIROV
- Ufa Research Institute of Occupational Health and Human Ecology, UfaRussia
- Department of Therapy and Occupational Diseases with the course of Institute of Additional Professional Education,Bashkir State Medical University, UfaRussia
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Increased levels of the soluble oncostatin M receptor (sOSMR) and glycoprotein 130 (sgp130) in systemic sclerosis patients and associations with clinical parameters. Immunobiology 2020; 225:151964. [PMID: 32517886 DOI: 10.1016/j.imbio.2020.151964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2019] [Revised: 05/20/2020] [Accepted: 05/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The objective of the present study was to evaluate the serum levels of soluble oncostatin M (OSM), OSM receptor (sOSMR) and glycoprotein130 (sgp130) in patients with systemic sclerosis (SSc), and the possible associations and correlations with clinical parameters. METHODS Serum levels of OSM, sOSMR and sgp130 were evaluated by ELISA in eighty-four SSc patients and eighty-four healthy volunteers. RESULTS SSc patients had significantly elevated levels of sOSMR and sgp130 when compared with healthy individuals (p < 0.0001 and p = 0.025, respectively). Diffuse cutaneous SSc and limited cutaneous SSc patients also presented higher levels of sOSMR when compared with healthy individuals (p = 0.003 and p = 0.0001, respectively). Patients with digital ulcers presented higher levels of sOSMR when compared to those without ulcers (p = 0.034). However, sOSMR levels were lower in patients with esophageal dysfunction than patients without this involvement (p = 0.038). OSM levels were undetectable in serum from SSc patients and healthy volunteers. CONCLUSION Serum levels of sOSMR and sgp130 are elevated in patients with systemic sclerosis. In addition, associations were observed with important clinical manifestations, suggesting that sOSMR is a candidate biomarker of this disease. More studies are needed to clarify the functions of IL-6 family cytokines in systemic sclerosis.
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Wiese MD, Manning-Bennett AT, Abuhelwa AY. Investigational IRAK-4 inhibitors for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis. Expert Opin Investig Drugs 2020; 29:475-482. [PMID: 32255710 DOI: 10.1080/13543784.2020.1752660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic inflammatory auto-immune disease that can lead to permanent disability and deformity. Despite current treatment modalities, many patients are still unable to reach remission. Interleukin-1 receptor-associated kinase 4 (IRAK-4) inhibitors are novel agents designed to suppress immune signaling pathways involved in inflammation and joint destruction in RA. Four IRAK-4 inhibitors have entered clinical trials. AREAS COVERED This review summarizes the current stage of development of IRAK-4 inhibitors in clinical trials, detailing their chemistry, pharmacokinetics, and therapeutic potential in the treatment of RA. PubMed, Embase and restricted Google searches were conducted using the term 'IRAK-4', and publicly accessible clinical trial databases were reviewed. EXPERT OPINION IRAK-4 inhibitors are an exciting therapeutic option in RA management because unlike other targeted disease-modifying agents, they target the innate immune system. The role of IRAK-4 as a key component of Toll/Interleukin-1 receptor signaling and its potential for a low rate of infectious complications is particularly exciting and this may facilitate their use in combination treatment. A key aspect of upcoming clinical trials will be the identification of biomarkers predictive of treatment efficacy, which will help to define if and how they will be used in the clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael D Wiese
- Clinical and Health Sciences, University of South Australia , Adelaide, Australia.,Health and Biomedical Innovation Group, University of South Australia , Adelaide, Australia
| | - Arkady T Manning-Bennett
- Clinical and Health Sciences, University of South Australia , Adelaide, Australia.,Health and Biomedical Innovation Group, University of South Australia , Adelaide, Australia
| | - Ahmad Y Abuhelwa
- Clinical and Health Sciences, University of South Australia , Adelaide, Australia.,Australian Centre for Precision Medicine, Cancer Research Institute, University of South Australia , Adelaide, Australia
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Mangoni AA, Erre GL. Repurposing Available Anti-inflammatory and Immunomodulating Agents for Cardiovascular Risk Management: A Call for Submissions to Current Clinical Pharmacology. CURRENT CLINICAL PHARMACOLOGY 2020; 15:2-3. [PMID: 32407260 DOI: 10.2174/157488471501200319150358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Arduino A Mangoni
- Discipline of Clinical Pharmacology, College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University and Flinders Medical Centre, Adelaide, Australia
- Medizinische Fakultät Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Gian L Erre
- UOC di Reumatologia, Dipartimento di Specialità Mediche, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Sassari, Sassari, Italy
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Sassari, Sassari, Italy
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Mangoni AA, Tommasi S, Zinellu A, Sotgia S, Bassu S, Piga M, Erre GL, Carru C. Methotrexate and Vasculoprotection: Mechanistic Insights and Potential Therapeutic Applications in Old Age. Curr Pharm Des 2019; 25:4175-4184. [DOI: 10.2174/1381612825666191112091700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2019] [Accepted: 11/07/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Increasing age is a strong, independent risk factor for atherosclerosis and cardiovascular disease. Key
abnormalities driving cardiovascular risk in old age include endothelial dysfunction, increased arterial stiffness,
blood pressure, and the pro-atherosclerotic effects of chronic, low-grade, inflammation. The identification of
novel therapies that comprehensively target these alterations might lead to a major breakthrough in cardiovascular
risk management in the older population. Systematic reviews and meta-analyses of observational studies have
shown that methotrexate, a first-line synthetic disease-modifying anti-rheumatic drug, significantly reduces
cardiovascular morbidity and mortality in patients with rheumatoid arthritis, a human model of systemic
inflammation, premature atherosclerosis, and vascular aging. We reviewed in vitro and in vivo studies
investigating the effects of methotrexate on endothelial function, arterial stiffness, and blood pressure, and the
potential mechanisms of action involved. The available evidence suggests that methotrexate might have beneficial
effects on vascular homeostasis and blood pressure control by targeting specific inflammatory pathways,
adenosine metabolism, and 5' adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase. Such effects might be
biologically and clinically relevant not only in patients with rheumatoid arthritis but also in older adults with high
cardiovascular risk. Therefore, methotrexate has the potential to be repurposed for cardiovascular risk
management in old age because of its putative pharmacological effects on inflammation, vascular homeostasis,
and blood pressure. However, further study and confirmation of these effects are essential in order to adequately
design intervention studies of methotrexate in the older population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arduino A. Mangoni
- Discipline of Clinical Pharmacology, College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University and Flinders Medical Centre, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Sara Tommasi
- Discipline of Clinical Pharmacology, College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University and Flinders Medical Centre, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Angelo Zinellu
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sassari, Sassari, Italy
| | - Salvatore Sotgia
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sassari, Sassari, Italy
| | - Stefania Bassu
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sassari, Sassari, Italy
| | - Matteo Piga
- Rheumatology Unit, University Clinic and AOU of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Gian L. Erre
- Rheumatology Unit, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University Hospital (AOUSS) and University of Sassari, Sassari, Italy
| | - Ciriaco Carru
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sassari, Sassari, Italy
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Erre GL, Cadoni ML, Meloni P, Castagna F, Mangoni AA, Piga M, Passiu G, Carru C, Zinellu A, Vidili G. Methotrexate therapy is not associated with increased liver stiffness and significant liver fibrosis in rheumatoid arthritis patients: A cross-sectional controlled study with real-time two-dimensional shear wave elastography. Eur J Intern Med 2019; 69:57-63. [PMID: 31474422 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejim.2019.08.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2019] [Revised: 08/11/2019] [Accepted: 08/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To explore the significance of the association between treatment with methotrexate (MTX) and liver stiffness in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients. METHODS We enrolled 140 consecutive RA patients under MTX treatment (MTX-treated RA; mean treatment duration: 6.2 years; mean MTX cumulative dose: 4.67 g), 33 RA patients naive to MTX (MTX-naive RA) and 100 age and sex-matched healthy blood donors (HD). Liver stiffness was assessed by real time two-dimensional shear wave elastography, with values ≥7.1 Kilopascals (kPa) defining significant liver fibrosis. RESULTS kPa values in HD (4.32 ± 0.7) were lower than that in MTX-naive RA (4.92 ± 0.8) and MTX-treated RA (4.85 ± 0.9, p < .0005 for trend). On the contrary, the difference in kPa between MTX-naive and MTX-treated RA was not significant (p = .89). Similarly, liver stiffness was not significantly different across strata of cumulative MTX dose (4.95 ± 0.7 kPa in MTX <1 g, 4.90 ± 1.1 kPa in MTX 1-3 g and 4.80 ± 0.9 in MTX >3 g, p = .610). Significant liver fibrosis was diagnosed in 4 patients in the MTX-treated RA (highest kPa value = 7.6; no liver function test abnormalities or clinical signs of hepatic failure) and in none in both the MTX-naive RA and HD groups (p = .145). CONCLUSION Liver stiffness values, although within the normal range, are significantly higher in RA patients vs. controls, irrespective of MTX treatment. RA patients taking MTX do not have a higher prevalence of significant liver fibrosis when compared to MTX naive RA patients and the general population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gian Luca Erre
- Dipartimento di Specialità Mediche, UOC Reumatologia, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria, Viale San Pietro 8, 07100 Sassari, Italy.
| | - Maria Luisa Cadoni
- Università degli Studi di Sassari, Piazza Università 21, 07100 Sassari, Italy
| | - Pierluigi Meloni
- Università degli Studi di Sassari, Piazza Università 21, 07100 Sassari, Italy
| | - Floriana Castagna
- Università degli Studi di Sassari, Piazza Università 21, 07100 Sassari, Italy
| | - Arduino Aleksander Mangoni
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University and Flinders Medical Centre, Flinders Drive, Bedford Park SA, 5042 Adelaide, Australia.
| | - Matteo Piga
- UOC Reumatologia, Università degli Studi di Cagliari, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria, Cagliari, SS 554 km 4,500, 09042 Monserrato, Cagliari, Italy.
| | - Giuseppe Passiu
- Dipartimento di Specialità Mediche, UOC Reumatologia, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria, Viale San Pietro 8, 07100 Sassari, Italy; Università degli Studi di Sassari, Piazza Università 21, 07100 Sassari, Italy.
| | - Ciriaco Carru
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche, Università degli Studi di Sassari, Viale San Pietro 6, 07100 Sassari, Italy.
| | - Angelo Zinellu
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche, Università degli Studi di Sassari, Viale San Pietro 6, 07100 Sassari, Italy.
| | - Gianpaolo Vidili
- Università degli Studi di Sassari, Piazza Università 21, 07100 Sassari, Italy; Dipartimento di Medicina, UOC Clinica Medica, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Sassari, Viale San Pietro 8, 07100 Sassari, Italy.
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Reiss AB, Grossfeld D, Kasselman LJ, Renna HA, Vernice NA, Drewes W, Konig J, Carsons SE, DeLeon J. Adenosine and the Cardiovascular System. Am J Cardiovasc Drugs 2019; 19:449-464. [PMID: 30972618 PMCID: PMC6773474 DOI: 10.1007/s40256-019-00345-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Adenosine is an endogenous nucleoside with a short half-life that regulates many physiological functions involving the heart and cardiovascular system. Among the cardioprotective properties of adenosine are its ability to improve cholesterol homeostasis, impact platelet aggregation and inhibit the inflammatory response. Through modulation of forward and reverse cholesterol transport pathways, adenosine can improve cholesterol balance and thereby protect macrophages from lipid overload and foam cell transformation. The function of adenosine is controlled through four G-protein coupled receptors: A1, A2A, A2B and A3. Of these four, it is the A2A receptor that is in a large part responsible for the anti-inflammatory effects of adenosine as well as defense against excess cholesterol accumulation. A2A receptor agonists are the focus of efforts by the pharmaceutical industry to develop new cardiovascular therapies, and pharmacological actions of the atheroprotective and anti-inflammatory drug methotrexate are mediated via release of adenosine and activation of the A2A receptor. Also relevant are anti-platelet agents that decrease platelet activation and adhesion and reduce thrombotic occlusion of atherosclerotic arteries by antagonizing adenosine diphosphate-mediated effects on the P2Y12 receptor. The purpose of this review is to discuss the effects of adenosine on cell types found in the arterial wall that are involved in atherosclerosis, to describe use of adenosine and its receptor ligands to limit excess cholesterol accumulation and to explore clinically applied anti-platelet effects. Its impact on electrophysiology and use as a clinical treatment for myocardial preservation during infarct will also be covered. Results of cell culture studies, animal experiments and human clinical trials are presented. Finally, we highlight future directions of research in the application of adenosine as an approach to improving outcomes in persons with cardiovascular disease.
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Shexiang Baoxin Pill Alleviates the Atherosclerotic Lesions in Mice via Improving Inflammation Response and Inhibiting Lipid Accumulation in the Arterial Wall. Mediators Inflamm 2019; 2019:6710759. [PMID: 31379468 PMCID: PMC6657610 DOI: 10.1155/2019/6710759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2019] [Revised: 05/04/2019] [Accepted: 06/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Epidemiological studies have demonstrated that cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are the leading cause of death in the world. Atherosclerosis, a kind of chronic vascular disorder related to multiple pathogenic processes, has been reported to be an underlying cause of CVDs. Shexiang Baoxin Pill (SBP) is a traditional Chinese medicine formulation and has been broadly used for the treatment of CVDs in East Asia. However, whether SBP affects the development of atherosclerosis is poorly understood. The aim of this study was to investigate the antiatherosclerotic roles and relevant mechanisms of SBP in apolipoprotein E knockout mice. Our results showed that SBP treatment markedly decreased the size of atherosclerotic plaques of the entire aorta and the aortic sinus. Biochemical analyses indicated that SBP gavage improved oxidative stress in vivo, as seen by the level elevation of SOD, CAT, and GSH and the level reduction of MDA, H2O2, and MPO. Moreover, the concentration of MCP-1, IFN-γ, and IL-17A was reduced, and the content of IL-10 and TGF-β1 was increased in the serum from SBP-treated mice. We discovered that the expression levels of inflammatory factors including VCAM-1, ICAM-1, IL-6, and IL-2 in the vascular wall of the SBP group were also decreased in comparison with those of the normal saline group. Moreover, we found that SBP alleviated the activation of inflammation-related pathways in the aorta tissue, as seen by the level elevation of Mfn2 and reduced phosphorylation of p38, JNK, and NF-κB. Furthermore, western blot showed that SBP administration reduced the level of SR-A and LOX-1 and elevated the content of LXRα, ABCA1, and ABCG1 in the arterial wall, indicating that SBP was capable of alleviating lipid influx and facilitating lipid efflux. In conclusion, our data suggested that SBP exerted antiatherosclerotic effects via improving inflammation response and inhibiting lipid accumulation.
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Ljung L, Holmqvist M. Methotrexate in Our Hearts. J Rheumatol 2019; 46:447-449. [PMID: 31043496 DOI: 10.3899/jrheum.181269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Lotta Ljung
- Umeå University, Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine/Rheumatology, Umeå; and Karolinska Institutet, Department of Medicine Solna, Clinical Epidemiology Division, Stockholm
| | - Marie Holmqvist
- Karolinska Institutet, Department of Medicine Solna, Clinical Epidemiology Division, Stockholm, Sweden.
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Plasma from Patients with Rheumatoid Arthritis Reduces Nitric Oxide Synthesis and Induces Reactive Oxygen Species in A Cell-Based Biosensor. BIOSENSORS-BASEL 2019; 9:bios9010032. [PMID: 30818887 PMCID: PMC6468433 DOI: 10.3390/bios9010032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2019] [Revised: 02/08/2019] [Accepted: 02/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) has been associated with a higher risk of developing cardiovascular (CV) diseases. It has been proposed that systemic inflammation plays a key role in premature atherosclerosis development, and is therefore crucial to determine whether systemic components from RA patients promotes endothelial cell-oxidative stress by affecting reactive oxygen species (ROS) and nitric-oxide (NO) production. The aim of this study was to evaluate whether plasma from RA patients impair NO synthesis and ROS production by using the cell-line ECV-304 as a biosensor. NO synthesis and ROS production were measured in cells incubated with plasma from 73 RA patients and 52 healthy volunteers by fluorimetry. In addition, traditional CV risk factors, inflammatory molecules and disease activity parameters were measured. Cells incubated with plasma from RA patients exhibited reduced NO synthesis and increased ROS production compared to healthy volunteers. Furthermore, the imbalance between NO synthesis and ROS generation in RA patients was not associated with traditional CV risk factors. Our data suggest that ECV-304 cells can be used as a biosensor of systemic inflammation-induced endothelial cell-oxidative stress. We propose that both NO and ROS production are potential biomarkers aimed at improving the current assessment of CV risk in RA.
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McFarlane IM, Leon SYZ, Bhamra MS, Burza A, Waite SA, Rodriguez Alvarez M, Koci K, Taklalsingh N, Kaplan I, Pathiparampil J, Kabani N, Watler E, Sorrento CS, Frefer M, Vaitkus V, Green J, Matthew K, Arroyo-Mercado F, Lyo H, Soliman F, Sanchez RA, Reyes FM, Ozeri DJ, Dronamraju V, Trevisonno M, Grant C, Clerger G, Amin K, Freeman L, Dawkins M, Lenis Lopez D, Smerling J, Gondal I, Dellinger E, Paltoo K, Bhat H, Kolla S. Assessment of Cardiovascular Disease Risk and Therapeutic Patterns among Urban Black Rheumatoid Arthritis Patients. Med Sci (Basel) 2019; 7:E31. [PMID: 30791646 PMCID: PMC6410013 DOI: 10.3390/medsci7020031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2018] [Revised: 01/27/2019] [Accepted: 01/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients have nearly twice the risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD) compared to the general population. We aimed to assess, in a predominantly Black population, the prevalence of traditional and RA-specific CVD risk factors and therapeutic patterns. Utilizing ICD codes, we identified 503 RA patients ≥18 years old who were seen from 2010 to 2017. Of them, 88.5% were Black, 87.9% were women and 29.4% were smokers. CVD risk factors (obesity, diabetes, hypertension, dyslipidemia) were higher than in previously reported White RA cohorts. Eighty-seven percent of the patients had at least one traditional CVD risk factor, 37% had three or more traditional CVD risk factors and 58% had RA-specific risk factors (seropositive RA, >10 years of disease, joint erosions, elevated inflammatory markers, extra-articular disease, body mass index (BMI) < 20). CV outcomes (coronary artery disease/myocardial infarction, heart failure, atrial fibrillation and stroke) were comparable to published reports. Higher steroid use, which increases CVD risk, and lesser utilization of biologics (decrease CV risk) were also observed. Our Black RA cohort had higher rates of traditional CVD risk factors, in addition to chronic inflammation from aggressive RA, which places our patients at a higher risk for CVD outcomes, calling for revised risk stratification strategies and effective interventions to address comorbidities in this vulnerable population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabel M. McFarlane
- Department of Medicine, Division of Rheumatology SUNY Downstate Medical Center/Health + Hospitals Kings County, Brooklyn, NY 11201, USA; (M.S.B.); (M.R.A.); (K.K.); (N.T.); (I.K.); (J.P.); (N.K.); (E.W.); (C.S.S.); (M.F.); (V.V.); (J.G.); (K.M.); (F.A.-M.); (H.L.); (V.D.); (M.T.); (C.G.); (G.C.); (K.A.); (L.F.); (M.D.); (D.L.L.); (J.S.); (I.G.); (E.D.); (K.P.); (H.B.)
| | - Su Yien Zhaz Leon
- Samaritan Medical Center Department of Rheumatology, Watertown, NY 13601, USA;
| | - Manjeet S. Bhamra
- Department of Medicine, Division of Rheumatology SUNY Downstate Medical Center/Health + Hospitals Kings County, Brooklyn, NY 11201, USA; (M.S.B.); (M.R.A.); (K.K.); (N.T.); (I.K.); (J.P.); (N.K.); (E.W.); (C.S.S.); (M.F.); (V.V.); (J.G.); (K.M.); (F.A.-M.); (H.L.); (V.D.); (M.T.); (C.G.); (G.C.); (K.A.); (L.F.); (M.D.); (D.L.L.); (J.S.); (I.G.); (E.D.); (K.P.); (H.B.)
| | - Aaliya Burza
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care State, SUNY Downstate Medical Center/Health + Hospitals Kings County, Brooklyn, NY 11201, USA;
| | - Stephen Anthony Waite
- Department of Radiology SUNY Downstate Medical Center/Health + Hospitals Kings County, Brooklyn, NY 11201, USA; (S.A.W.); (S.K.)
| | - Milena Rodriguez Alvarez
- Department of Medicine, Division of Rheumatology SUNY Downstate Medical Center/Health + Hospitals Kings County, Brooklyn, NY 11201, USA; (M.S.B.); (M.R.A.); (K.K.); (N.T.); (I.K.); (J.P.); (N.K.); (E.W.); (C.S.S.); (M.F.); (V.V.); (J.G.); (K.M.); (F.A.-M.); (H.L.); (V.D.); (M.T.); (C.G.); (G.C.); (K.A.); (L.F.); (M.D.); (D.L.L.); (J.S.); (I.G.); (E.D.); (K.P.); (H.B.)
| | - Kristaq Koci
- Department of Medicine, Division of Rheumatology SUNY Downstate Medical Center/Health + Hospitals Kings County, Brooklyn, NY 11201, USA; (M.S.B.); (M.R.A.); (K.K.); (N.T.); (I.K.); (J.P.); (N.K.); (E.W.); (C.S.S.); (M.F.); (V.V.); (J.G.); (K.M.); (F.A.-M.); (H.L.); (V.D.); (M.T.); (C.G.); (G.C.); (K.A.); (L.F.); (M.D.); (D.L.L.); (J.S.); (I.G.); (E.D.); (K.P.); (H.B.)
| | - Nicholas Taklalsingh
- Department of Medicine, Division of Rheumatology SUNY Downstate Medical Center/Health + Hospitals Kings County, Brooklyn, NY 11201, USA; (M.S.B.); (M.R.A.); (K.K.); (N.T.); (I.K.); (J.P.); (N.K.); (E.W.); (C.S.S.); (M.F.); (V.V.); (J.G.); (K.M.); (F.A.-M.); (H.L.); (V.D.); (M.T.); (C.G.); (G.C.); (K.A.); (L.F.); (M.D.); (D.L.L.); (J.S.); (I.G.); (E.D.); (K.P.); (H.B.)
| | - Ian Kaplan
- Department of Medicine, Division of Rheumatology SUNY Downstate Medical Center/Health + Hospitals Kings County, Brooklyn, NY 11201, USA; (M.S.B.); (M.R.A.); (K.K.); (N.T.); (I.K.); (J.P.); (N.K.); (E.W.); (C.S.S.); (M.F.); (V.V.); (J.G.); (K.M.); (F.A.-M.); (H.L.); (V.D.); (M.T.); (C.G.); (G.C.); (K.A.); (L.F.); (M.D.); (D.L.L.); (J.S.); (I.G.); (E.D.); (K.P.); (H.B.)
| | - Joshy Pathiparampil
- Department of Medicine, Division of Rheumatology SUNY Downstate Medical Center/Health + Hospitals Kings County, Brooklyn, NY 11201, USA; (M.S.B.); (M.R.A.); (K.K.); (N.T.); (I.K.); (J.P.); (N.K.); (E.W.); (C.S.S.); (M.F.); (V.V.); (J.G.); (K.M.); (F.A.-M.); (H.L.); (V.D.); (M.T.); (C.G.); (G.C.); (K.A.); (L.F.); (M.D.); (D.L.L.); (J.S.); (I.G.); (E.D.); (K.P.); (H.B.)
| | - Naureen Kabani
- Department of Medicine, Division of Rheumatology SUNY Downstate Medical Center/Health + Hospitals Kings County, Brooklyn, NY 11201, USA; (M.S.B.); (M.R.A.); (K.K.); (N.T.); (I.K.); (J.P.); (N.K.); (E.W.); (C.S.S.); (M.F.); (V.V.); (J.G.); (K.M.); (F.A.-M.); (H.L.); (V.D.); (M.T.); (C.G.); (G.C.); (K.A.); (L.F.); (M.D.); (D.L.L.); (J.S.); (I.G.); (E.D.); (K.P.); (H.B.)
| | - Elsie Watler
- Department of Medicine, Division of Rheumatology SUNY Downstate Medical Center/Health + Hospitals Kings County, Brooklyn, NY 11201, USA; (M.S.B.); (M.R.A.); (K.K.); (N.T.); (I.K.); (J.P.); (N.K.); (E.W.); (C.S.S.); (M.F.); (V.V.); (J.G.); (K.M.); (F.A.-M.); (H.L.); (V.D.); (M.T.); (C.G.); (G.C.); (K.A.); (L.F.); (M.D.); (D.L.L.); (J.S.); (I.G.); (E.D.); (K.P.); (H.B.)
| | - Cristina S. Sorrento
- Department of Medicine, Division of Rheumatology SUNY Downstate Medical Center/Health + Hospitals Kings County, Brooklyn, NY 11201, USA; (M.S.B.); (M.R.A.); (K.K.); (N.T.); (I.K.); (J.P.); (N.K.); (E.W.); (C.S.S.); (M.F.); (V.V.); (J.G.); (K.M.); (F.A.-M.); (H.L.); (V.D.); (M.T.); (C.G.); (G.C.); (K.A.); (L.F.); (M.D.); (D.L.L.); (J.S.); (I.G.); (E.D.); (K.P.); (H.B.)
| | - Mosab Frefer
- Department of Medicine, Division of Rheumatology SUNY Downstate Medical Center/Health + Hospitals Kings County, Brooklyn, NY 11201, USA; (M.S.B.); (M.R.A.); (K.K.); (N.T.); (I.K.); (J.P.); (N.K.); (E.W.); (C.S.S.); (M.F.); (V.V.); (J.G.); (K.M.); (F.A.-M.); (H.L.); (V.D.); (M.T.); (C.G.); (G.C.); (K.A.); (L.F.); (M.D.); (D.L.L.); (J.S.); (I.G.); (E.D.); (K.P.); (H.B.)
| | - Vytas Vaitkus
- Department of Medicine, Division of Rheumatology SUNY Downstate Medical Center/Health + Hospitals Kings County, Brooklyn, NY 11201, USA; (M.S.B.); (M.R.A.); (K.K.); (N.T.); (I.K.); (J.P.); (N.K.); (E.W.); (C.S.S.); (M.F.); (V.V.); (J.G.); (K.M.); (F.A.-M.); (H.L.); (V.D.); (M.T.); (C.G.); (G.C.); (K.A.); (L.F.); (M.D.); (D.L.L.); (J.S.); (I.G.); (E.D.); (K.P.); (H.B.)
| | - Jason Green
- Department of Medicine, Division of Rheumatology SUNY Downstate Medical Center/Health + Hospitals Kings County, Brooklyn, NY 11201, USA; (M.S.B.); (M.R.A.); (K.K.); (N.T.); (I.K.); (J.P.); (N.K.); (E.W.); (C.S.S.); (M.F.); (V.V.); (J.G.); (K.M.); (F.A.-M.); (H.L.); (V.D.); (M.T.); (C.G.); (G.C.); (K.A.); (L.F.); (M.D.); (D.L.L.); (J.S.); (I.G.); (E.D.); (K.P.); (H.B.)
| | - Keron Matthew
- Department of Medicine, Division of Rheumatology SUNY Downstate Medical Center/Health + Hospitals Kings County, Brooklyn, NY 11201, USA; (M.S.B.); (M.R.A.); (K.K.); (N.T.); (I.K.); (J.P.); (N.K.); (E.W.); (C.S.S.); (M.F.); (V.V.); (J.G.); (K.M.); (F.A.-M.); (H.L.); (V.D.); (M.T.); (C.G.); (G.C.); (K.A.); (L.F.); (M.D.); (D.L.L.); (J.S.); (I.G.); (E.D.); (K.P.); (H.B.)
| | - Fray Arroyo-Mercado
- Department of Medicine, Division of Rheumatology SUNY Downstate Medical Center/Health + Hospitals Kings County, Brooklyn, NY 11201, USA; (M.S.B.); (M.R.A.); (K.K.); (N.T.); (I.K.); (J.P.); (N.K.); (E.W.); (C.S.S.); (M.F.); (V.V.); (J.G.); (K.M.); (F.A.-M.); (H.L.); (V.D.); (M.T.); (C.G.); (G.C.); (K.A.); (L.F.); (M.D.); (D.L.L.); (J.S.); (I.G.); (E.D.); (K.P.); (H.B.)
| | - Helen Lyo
- Department of Medicine, Division of Rheumatology SUNY Downstate Medical Center/Health + Hospitals Kings County, Brooklyn, NY 11201, USA; (M.S.B.); (M.R.A.); (K.K.); (N.T.); (I.K.); (J.P.); (N.K.); (E.W.); (C.S.S.); (M.F.); (V.V.); (J.G.); (K.M.); (F.A.-M.); (H.L.); (V.D.); (M.T.); (C.G.); (G.C.); (K.A.); (L.F.); (M.D.); (D.L.L.); (J.S.); (I.G.); (E.D.); (K.P.); (H.B.)
| | - Faisal Soliman
- Department of Geriatrics, New York Presbyterian Brooklyn Methodist Hospital, Brooklyn, NY 11201, USA;
| | - Randolph A. Sanchez
- Department of Rheumatology, Hahnemann Hospital, Philadelphia, PA 19019, USA;
| | - Felix M. Reyes
- Department of Family and Social Medicine, Montefiore Medical Center Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10468, USA;
| | | | - Veena Dronamraju
- Department of Medicine, Division of Rheumatology SUNY Downstate Medical Center/Health + Hospitals Kings County, Brooklyn, NY 11201, USA; (M.S.B.); (M.R.A.); (K.K.); (N.T.); (I.K.); (J.P.); (N.K.); (E.W.); (C.S.S.); (M.F.); (V.V.); (J.G.); (K.M.); (F.A.-M.); (H.L.); (V.D.); (M.T.); (C.G.); (G.C.); (K.A.); (L.F.); (M.D.); (D.L.L.); (J.S.); (I.G.); (E.D.); (K.P.); (H.B.)
| | - Michael Trevisonno
- Department of Medicine, Division of Rheumatology SUNY Downstate Medical Center/Health + Hospitals Kings County, Brooklyn, NY 11201, USA; (M.S.B.); (M.R.A.); (K.K.); (N.T.); (I.K.); (J.P.); (N.K.); (E.W.); (C.S.S.); (M.F.); (V.V.); (J.G.); (K.M.); (F.A.-M.); (H.L.); (V.D.); (M.T.); (C.G.); (G.C.); (K.A.); (L.F.); (M.D.); (D.L.L.); (J.S.); (I.G.); (E.D.); (K.P.); (H.B.)
| | - Christon Grant
- Department of Medicine, Division of Rheumatology SUNY Downstate Medical Center/Health + Hospitals Kings County, Brooklyn, NY 11201, USA; (M.S.B.); (M.R.A.); (K.K.); (N.T.); (I.K.); (J.P.); (N.K.); (E.W.); (C.S.S.); (M.F.); (V.V.); (J.G.); (K.M.); (F.A.-M.); (H.L.); (V.D.); (M.T.); (C.G.); (G.C.); (K.A.); (L.F.); (M.D.); (D.L.L.); (J.S.); (I.G.); (E.D.); (K.P.); (H.B.)
| | - Guerrier Clerger
- Department of Medicine, Division of Rheumatology SUNY Downstate Medical Center/Health + Hospitals Kings County, Brooklyn, NY 11201, USA; (M.S.B.); (M.R.A.); (K.K.); (N.T.); (I.K.); (J.P.); (N.K.); (E.W.); (C.S.S.); (M.F.); (V.V.); (J.G.); (K.M.); (F.A.-M.); (H.L.); (V.D.); (M.T.); (C.G.); (G.C.); (K.A.); (L.F.); (M.D.); (D.L.L.); (J.S.); (I.G.); (E.D.); (K.P.); (H.B.)
| | - Khabbab Amin
- Department of Medicine, Division of Rheumatology SUNY Downstate Medical Center/Health + Hospitals Kings County, Brooklyn, NY 11201, USA; (M.S.B.); (M.R.A.); (K.K.); (N.T.); (I.K.); (J.P.); (N.K.); (E.W.); (C.S.S.); (M.F.); (V.V.); (J.G.); (K.M.); (F.A.-M.); (H.L.); (V.D.); (M.T.); (C.G.); (G.C.); (K.A.); (L.F.); (M.D.); (D.L.L.); (J.S.); (I.G.); (E.D.); (K.P.); (H.B.)
| | - Latoya Freeman
- Department of Medicine, Division of Rheumatology SUNY Downstate Medical Center/Health + Hospitals Kings County, Brooklyn, NY 11201, USA; (M.S.B.); (M.R.A.); (K.K.); (N.T.); (I.K.); (J.P.); (N.K.); (E.W.); (C.S.S.); (M.F.); (V.V.); (J.G.); (K.M.); (F.A.-M.); (H.L.); (V.D.); (M.T.); (C.G.); (G.C.); (K.A.); (L.F.); (M.D.); (D.L.L.); (J.S.); (I.G.); (E.D.); (K.P.); (H.B.)
| | - Makeda Dawkins
- Department of Medicine, Division of Rheumatology SUNY Downstate Medical Center/Health + Hospitals Kings County, Brooklyn, NY 11201, USA; (M.S.B.); (M.R.A.); (K.K.); (N.T.); (I.K.); (J.P.); (N.K.); (E.W.); (C.S.S.); (M.F.); (V.V.); (J.G.); (K.M.); (F.A.-M.); (H.L.); (V.D.); (M.T.); (C.G.); (G.C.); (K.A.); (L.F.); (M.D.); (D.L.L.); (J.S.); (I.G.); (E.D.); (K.P.); (H.B.)
| | - Diana Lenis Lopez
- Department of Medicine, Division of Rheumatology SUNY Downstate Medical Center/Health + Hospitals Kings County, Brooklyn, NY 11201, USA; (M.S.B.); (M.R.A.); (K.K.); (N.T.); (I.K.); (J.P.); (N.K.); (E.W.); (C.S.S.); (M.F.); (V.V.); (J.G.); (K.M.); (F.A.-M.); (H.L.); (V.D.); (M.T.); (C.G.); (G.C.); (K.A.); (L.F.); (M.D.); (D.L.L.); (J.S.); (I.G.); (E.D.); (K.P.); (H.B.)
| | - Jonathan Smerling
- Department of Medicine, Division of Rheumatology SUNY Downstate Medical Center/Health + Hospitals Kings County, Brooklyn, NY 11201, USA; (M.S.B.); (M.R.A.); (K.K.); (N.T.); (I.K.); (J.P.); (N.K.); (E.W.); (C.S.S.); (M.F.); (V.V.); (J.G.); (K.M.); (F.A.-M.); (H.L.); (V.D.); (M.T.); (C.G.); (G.C.); (K.A.); (L.F.); (M.D.); (D.L.L.); (J.S.); (I.G.); (E.D.); (K.P.); (H.B.)
| | - Irfan Gondal
- Department of Medicine, Division of Rheumatology SUNY Downstate Medical Center/Health + Hospitals Kings County, Brooklyn, NY 11201, USA; (M.S.B.); (M.R.A.); (K.K.); (N.T.); (I.K.); (J.P.); (N.K.); (E.W.); (C.S.S.); (M.F.); (V.V.); (J.G.); (K.M.); (F.A.-M.); (H.L.); (V.D.); (M.T.); (C.G.); (G.C.); (K.A.); (L.F.); (M.D.); (D.L.L.); (J.S.); (I.G.); (E.D.); (K.P.); (H.B.)
| | - Elaine Dellinger
- Department of Medicine, Division of Rheumatology SUNY Downstate Medical Center/Health + Hospitals Kings County, Brooklyn, NY 11201, USA; (M.S.B.); (M.R.A.); (K.K.); (N.T.); (I.K.); (J.P.); (N.K.); (E.W.); (C.S.S.); (M.F.); (V.V.); (J.G.); (K.M.); (F.A.-M.); (H.L.); (V.D.); (M.T.); (C.G.); (G.C.); (K.A.); (L.F.); (M.D.); (D.L.L.); (J.S.); (I.G.); (E.D.); (K.P.); (H.B.)
| | - Karen Paltoo
- Department of Medicine, Division of Rheumatology SUNY Downstate Medical Center/Health + Hospitals Kings County, Brooklyn, NY 11201, USA; (M.S.B.); (M.R.A.); (K.K.); (N.T.); (I.K.); (J.P.); (N.K.); (E.W.); (C.S.S.); (M.F.); (V.V.); (J.G.); (K.M.); (F.A.-M.); (H.L.); (V.D.); (M.T.); (C.G.); (G.C.); (K.A.); (L.F.); (M.D.); (D.L.L.); (J.S.); (I.G.); (E.D.); (K.P.); (H.B.)
| | - Hina Bhat
- Department of Medicine, Division of Rheumatology SUNY Downstate Medical Center/Health + Hospitals Kings County, Brooklyn, NY 11201, USA; (M.S.B.); (M.R.A.); (K.K.); (N.T.); (I.K.); (J.P.); (N.K.); (E.W.); (C.S.S.); (M.F.); (V.V.); (J.G.); (K.M.); (F.A.-M.); (H.L.); (V.D.); (M.T.); (C.G.); (G.C.); (K.A.); (L.F.); (M.D.); (D.L.L.); (J.S.); (I.G.); (E.D.); (K.P.); (H.B.)
| | - Srinivas Kolla
- Department of Radiology SUNY Downstate Medical Center/Health + Hospitals Kings County, Brooklyn, NY 11201, USA; (S.A.W.); (S.K.)
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Li W, Zhi W, Zhao J, Li W, Zang L, Liu F, Niu X. Cinnamaldehyde attenuates atherosclerosis via targeting the IκB/NF-κB signaling pathway in high fat diet-induced ApoE−/− mice. Food Funct 2019; 10:4001-4009. [DOI: 10.1039/c9fo00396g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Cinnamaldehyde is a flavor isolated from the bark of Cinnamomum cassia Presl and exerts anti-inflammation effects in various diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weifeng Li
- School of Pharmacy
- Xi'an Jiaotong University
- Xi'an 710061
- P.R. China
| | - Wenbing Zhi
- School of Pharmacy
- Xi'an Jiaotong University
- Xi'an 710061
- P.R. China
- Shaanxi Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine
| | - Jinmeng Zhao
- School of Pharmacy
- Xi'an Jiaotong University
- Xi'an 710061
- P.R. China
| | - Wenqi Li
- School of Pharmacy
- Xi'an Jiaotong University
- Xi'an 710061
- P.R. China
| | - Lulu Zang
- School of Pharmacy
- Xi'an Jiaotong University
- Xi'an 710061
- P.R. China
| | - Fang Liu
- School of Pharmacy
- Xi'an Jiaotong University
- Xi'an 710061
- P.R. China
| | - Xiaofeng Niu
- School of Pharmacy
- Xi'an Jiaotong University
- Xi'an 710061
- P.R. China
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Lipids and Atherogenic Indices Fluctuation in Rheumatoid Arthritis Patients on Long-Term Tocilizumab Treatment. Mediators Inflamm 2018; 2018:2453265. [PMID: 30405318 PMCID: PMC6204176 DOI: 10.1155/2018/2453265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2018] [Revised: 09/07/2018] [Accepted: 09/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients are at high risk of cardiovascular (CV) events, and the chronic inflammatory state may generate quantitative and qualitative changes in lipoprotein fractions. The anti-IL-6 receptor tocilizumab (TCZ), even if effective in inflammation and joint damage prevention, determined significant alterations to RA patients' lipid levels in randomized controlled trials, but real-world data are lacking. We evaluated the changes in lipid fraction levels and disease activity in a longitudinal cohort of RA patients on long-term treatment with tocilizumab (TCZ) in a community setting. We retrospectively selected 40 naïve-biologic RA patients on treatment with intravenous TCZ compared to 20 RA patients on methotrexate treatment as the control group. Total cholesterol (Tot-Chol), low-density lipoproteins (LDL), high-density lipoprotein (HDL), and triglyceride (TG) levels were measured at the baseline and at 12, 24, and 52 weeks thereafter. At the same points, 28-joint disease activity score (DAS28), clinical disease activity index (CDAI), and EULAR clinical responses were also assessed. During the first 24 weeks, we observed in TCZ-treated patients a progressive statistically significant (p < 0.001) increase in Tot-Chol, LDL, HDL, and TG, which returned close to the baseline at 52 weeks. But no changes in the lipid-related CV risk indices Tot-Chol/HDL and LDL/HDL ratios and the atherogenic index (log10 TG/HDL) were detectable. Notably, we observed a statistically significant negative correlation between changes in lipid fractions and DAS28 or CDAI. The prolonged treatment with TCZ was associated to a transient increase in cholesterol's fractions during the first 6 months of treatment, with inverse correlation to disease activity, but with no impact on surrogate lipid indices of atherogenic risk. These findings may aid clinicians in interpreting the RA patient's lipid profile in daily clinical practice.
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Wang TY, Lee SY, Chang YH, Chen SL, Chen PS, Chu CH, Huang SY, Tzeng NS, Lee IH, Chen KC, Yang YK, Chen SH, Hong JS, Lu RB. Correlation of cytokines, BDNF levels, and memory function in patients with opioid use disorder undergoing methadone maintenance treatment. Drug Alcohol Depend 2018; 191:6-13. [PMID: 30071446 PMCID: PMC6487886 DOI: 10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2018.06.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2018] [Revised: 05/16/2018] [Accepted: 06/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Patients with opioid use disorder (OUD) show memory deficiencies and impaired treatment outcomes. Emerging evidence suggests that opioid abuse activates proinflammatory processes by increasing cytokine production and impairing neuroprotection, which damages the memory function in OUD patients. Therefore, we investigated whether plasma-based inflammatory and neurotrophic markers correlate with memory function in OUD patients. METHOD OUD patients undergoing methadone maintenance therapy (MMT) were investigated and followed up for 12 weeks. Plasma tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, C-reactive protein (CRP), interleukin (IL)-6, transforming growth factor (TGF)-β1, brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) levels, and Wechsler Memory Scale-Revised (WMS-R) scores were assessed at baseline and after 12 weeks of MMT. Multiple linear regressions and generalized estimating equations (GEEs) were used to examine the correlation between cytokines and memory performance. RESULTS We enrolled 89 patients at baseline; 47 patients completed the end-of-study assessments. Although Pearson correlations showed that CRP and TGF-β1 levels were significantly, negatively associated with some memory indices, the results were not significant after correction. The GEE results, controlled for several confounding factors and multiple testing, showed that changes in TNF-α levels were negatively correlated with changes in the visual memory index (P = 0.01), and that changes in IL-6 levels were negatively correlated with changes in the verbal memory index (P = 0.009). CONCLUSION Memory performance, TNF-α, and IL-6 levels in OUD patients were negative correlated. Additional studies on regulating TNF-α and IL-6 expression to improve memory function in OUD patients might be warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tzu-Yun Wang
- Department of Psychiatry, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, 138 Sheng-Li Road, Tainan 70428, Taiwan; Department of Psychiatry, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, Dou-Liou Branch, No. 345, Zhuangjing Road, Douliu, Yunlin 64043, Taiwan.
| | - Sheng-Yu Lee
- Department of Psychiatry, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, 138 Sheng-Li Road, Tainan 70428, Taiwan;,Department of Psychiatry, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital, No.386, Dazhong 1st Rd., Zuoying Dist., Kaohsiung 81362, Taiwan
| | - Yun-Hsuan Chang
- Department of Psychiatry, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, 138 Sheng-Li Road, Tainan 70428, Taiwan;,Department of Psychology, Asia University, 500, Lioufeng Rd., Wufeng, Taichung 41354, Taiwan;,Department of Medical Research, China Medical University Hospital, China Medical University, No.91, Hsueh-Shih Road, Taichung 40402, Taiwan
| | - Shiou-Lan Chen
- Department of Psychiatry, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, 138 Sheng-Li Road, Tainan 70428, Taiwan;,Graduate Institute of Medicine, College of Medicine;,Lipid Science and Aging Research Center, Kaohsiung Medical University, 100, Shih-Chuan 1st Road, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan
| | - Po-See Chen
- Department of Psychiatry, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, 138 Sheng-Li Road, Tainan 70428, Taiwan;,Addiction Research Center, National Cheng Kung University, No.1, University Road, Tainan 70101, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Hsien Chu
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, 3F, No.367, Sheng-Li Rd., North District, Tainan 70456, Taiwan
| | - San-Yuan Huang
- Department of Psychiatry, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, No.325, Sec.2, Chenggong Rd., Neihu District, Taipei 11490, Taiwan
| | - Nian-Sheng Tzeng
- Department of Psychiatry, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, No.325, Sec.2, Chenggong Rd., Neihu District, Taipei 11490, Taiwan;,Student Counseling Center, National Defense Medical Center, No.161, Sec. 6, Minquan E. Rd., Neihu Dist., Taipei 11490, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - I Hui Lee
- Department of Psychiatry, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, 138 Sheng-Li Road, Tainan 70428, Taiwan;,Addiction Research Center, National Cheng Kung University, No.1, University Road, Tainan 70101, Taiwan
| | - Kao Chin Chen
- Department of Psychiatry, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, 138 Sheng-Li Road, Tainan 70428, Taiwan;,Addiction Research Center, National Cheng Kung University, No.1, University Road, Tainan 70101, Taiwan
| | - Yen-Kuang Yang
- Department of Psychiatry, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, 138 Sheng-Li Road, Tainan 70428, Taiwan;,Department of Psychiatry, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, Dou-Liou Branch, No.345, Zhuangjing Rd., Douliu, Yunlin 64043, Taiwan;,Addiction Research Center, National Cheng Kung University, No.1, University Road, Tainan 70101, Taiwan
| | - Shih-Heng Chen
- Neurobiology Laboratory, NIH/NIEHS, Research Triangle Park, 111 T.W. Alexander Drive, Research Triangle Park, N.C. 27709, USA
| | - Jau-Shyong Hong
- Neurobiology Laboratory, NIH/NIEHS, Research Triangle Park, 111 T.W. Alexander Drive, Research Triangle Park, N.C. 27709, USA
| | - Ru-Band Lu
- Department of Psychiatry, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, 138 Sheng-Li Road, Tainan 70428, Taiwan;,Addiction Research Center, National Cheng Kung University, No.1, University Road, Tainan 70101, Taiwan;,Beijing YiNing Hospital, No.9 Minzhuang Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100195, China;,Center for Neuropsychiatric Research, National Health Research Institutes, 35 Keyan Road, Zhunan, Miaoli County 35053, Taiwan
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