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Behtash F, Mogheri F, Aghaee A, Seyed Hajizadeh H, Kaya O. Role of silicon in alleviating boron toxicity and enhancing growth and physiological traits in hydroponically cultivated Zea mays var. Merit. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2024; 24:550. [PMID: 38872083 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-024-05275-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2024] [Accepted: 06/10/2024] [Indexed: 06/15/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Boron (B) is a micronutrient, but excessive levels can cause phytotoxicity, impaired growth, and reduced photosynthesis. B toxicity arises from over-fertilization, high soil B levels, or irrigation with B-rich water. Conversely, silicon (Si) is recognized as an element that mitigates stress and alleviates the toxic effects of certain nutrients. In this study, to evaluate the effect of different concentrations of Si on maize under boron stress conditions, a factorial experiment based on a randomized complete block design was conducted with three replications in a hydroponic system. The experiment utilized a nutrient solution for maize var. Merit that contained three different boron (B) concentrations (0.5, 2, and 4 mg L-1) and three Si concentrations (0, 28, and 56 mg L-1). RESULTS Our findings unveiled that exogenous application of B resulted in a substantial escalation of B concentration in maize leaves. Furthermore, B exposure elicited a significant diminution in fresh and dry plant biomass, chlorophyll index, chlorophyll a (Chl a), chlorophyll b (Chl b), carotenoids, and membrane stability index (MSI). As the B concentration augmented, malondialdehyde (MDA) content and catalase (CAT) enzyme activity exhibited a concomitant increment. Conversely, the supplementation of Si facilitated an amelioration in plant fresh and dry weight, total carbohydrate, and total soluble protein. Moreover, the elevated activity of antioxidant enzymes culminated in a decrement in hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and MDA content. In addition, the combined influence of Si and B had a statistically significant impact on the leaf chlorophyll index, total chlorophyll (a + b) content, Si and B accumulation levels, as well as the enzymatic activities of guaiacol peroxidase (GPX), ascorbate peroxidase (APX), and H2O2 levels. These unique findings indicated the detrimental impact of B toxicity on various physiological and biochemical attributes of maize, while highlighting the potential of Si supplementation in mitigating the deleterious effects through modulation of antioxidant machinery and biomolecule synthesis. CONCLUSIONS This study highlights the potential of Si supplementation in alleviating the deleterious effects of B toxicity in maize. Increased Si consumption mitigated chlorophyll degradation under B toxicity, but it also caused a significant reduction in the concentrations of essential micronutrients iron (Fe), copper (Cu), and zinc (Zn). While Si supplementation shows promise in counteracting B toxicity, the observed decrease in Fe, Cu, and Zn concentrations warrants further investigation to optimize this approach and maintain overall plant nutritional status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farhad Behtash
- Department of Horticulture, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Maragheh, Maragheh, 55136-553, Iran.
| | - Farima Mogheri
- Department of Horticulture, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Maragheh, Maragheh, 55136-553, Iran
| | - Ahmad Aghaee
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Maragheh, Maragheh, Iran
| | - Hanifeh Seyed Hajizadeh
- Department of Horticulture, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Maragheh, Maragheh, 55136-553, Iran.
| | - Ozkan Kaya
- Erzincan Horticultural Research Institute, Republic of Turkey Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry, Erzincan, 24060, Turkey.
- Department of Plant Sciences, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND, 58102, USA.
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Pradhan I, Hembram P. Silicon supplementation stabilizes the effect of copper stress, the use of copper chaperones and genes involved: a review. Mol Biol Rep 2024; 51:543. [PMID: 38642191 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-024-09507-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2023] [Accepted: 04/02/2024] [Indexed: 04/22/2024]
Abstract
Heavy metal stress is a major problem in present scenario and the consequences are well known. The agroecosystems are heavily affected by the heavy metal stress and the question arises on the sustainability of the agricultural products. Heavy metals inhibit the process to influence the reactive oxygen species production. When abundantly present copper metal ion has toxic effects which is mitigated by the exogenous application of Si. The role of silicon is to enhance physical parameters as well as gas exchange parameters. Si is likely to increase antioxidant enzymes in response to copper stress which can relocate toxic metals at subcellular level and remove heavy metals from the cell. Silicon regulates phytohormones when excess copper is present. Rate of photosynthesis and mineral absorption is increased in response to metal stress. Silicon manages enzymatic and non-enzymatic activities to balance metal stress condition. Cu transport by the plasma membrane is controlled by a family of proteins called copper transporter present at cell surface. Plants maintain balance in absorption, use and storage for proper copper ion homeostasis. Copper chaperones play vital role in copper ion movement within cells. Prior to that metallochaperones control Cu levels. The genes responsible in copper stress mitigation are discovered in various plant species and their function are decoded. However, detailed molecular mechanism is yet to be studied. This review discusses about the crucial mechanisms of Si-mediated alleviation of copper stress, the role of copper binding proteins in copper homeostasis. Moreover, it also provides a brief information on the genes, their function and regulation of their expression in relevance to Cu abundance in different plant species which will be beneficial for further understanding of the role of silicon in stabilization of copper stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Itishree Pradhan
- Post Graduate Department of Botany, Berhampur University, Bhanja Bihar, Berhampur, 760007, India
| | - Padmalochan Hembram
- Post Graduate Department of Botany, Berhampur University, Bhanja Bihar, Berhampur, 760007, India.
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Mukarram M, Ahmad B, Choudhary S, Konôpková AS, Kurjak D, Khan MMA, Lux A. Silicon nanoparticles vs trace elements toxicity: Modus operandi and its omics bases. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2024; 15:1377964. [PMID: 38633451 PMCID: PMC11021597 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2024.1377964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2024] [Accepted: 03/18/2024] [Indexed: 04/19/2024]
Abstract
Phytotoxicity of trace elements (commonly misunderstood as 'heavy metals') includes impairment of functional groups of enzymes, photo-assembly, redox homeostasis, and nutrient status in higher plants. Silicon nanoparticles (SiNPs) can ameliorate trace element toxicity. We discuss SiNPs response against several essential (such as Cu, Ni, Mn, Mo, and Zn) and non-essential (including Cd, Pb, Hg, Al, Cr, Sb, Se, and As) trace elements. SiNPs hinder root uptake and transport of trace elements as the first line of defence. SiNPs charge plant antioxidant defence against trace elements-induced oxidative stress. The enrolment of SiNPs in gene expressions was also noticed on many occasions. These genes are associated with several anatomical and physiological phenomena, such as cell wall composition, photosynthesis, and metal uptake and transport. On this note, we dedicate the later sections of this review to support an enhanced understanding of SiNPs influence on the metabolomic, proteomic, and genomic profile of plants under trace elements toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Mukarram
- Food and Plant Biology Group, Department of Plant Biology, School of Agriculture, Universidad de la Republica, Montevideo, Uruguay
- Department of Phytology, Faculty of Forestry, Technical University in Zvolen, Zvolen, Slovakia
| | - Bilal Ahmad
- Plant Physiology Section, Department of Botany, Government Degree College for Women, Pulwama, Jammu and Kashmir, India
| | - Sadaf Choudhary
- Advance Plant Physiology Section, Department of Botany, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, India
| | - Alena Sliacka Konôpková
- Department of Integrated Forest and Landscape Protection, Faculty of Forestry, Technical University in Zvolen, Zvolen, Slovakia
- Institute of Forest Ecology, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Zvolen, Slovakia
| | - Daniel Kurjak
- Department of Integrated Forest and Landscape Protection, Faculty of Forestry, Technical University in Zvolen, Zvolen, Slovakia
- Institute of Forest Ecology, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Zvolen, Slovakia
| | - M. Masroor A. Khan
- Advance Plant Physiology Section, Department of Botany, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, India
| | - Alexander Lux
- Department of Plant Physiology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Comenius University in Bratislava, Bratislava, Slovakia
- Institute of Chemistry, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovakia
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da Silveira Sousa Junior G, Hurtado AC, de Cassia Alves R, Gasparino EC, Dos Santos DMM. Silicon attenuates aluminum toxicity in sugarcane plants by modifying growth, roots morphoanatomy, photosynthetic pigments, and gas exchange parameters. Sci Rep 2024; 14:4717. [PMID: 38413655 PMCID: PMC10899577 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-53537-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2023] [Accepted: 02/01/2024] [Indexed: 02/29/2024] Open
Abstract
Aluminum (Al) inhibits growth and limits plant productivity in acidic soils. An important strategy to increase Al tolerance is the use of silicon (Si) nutrition. Thus, the aim of this study was to evaluate the interactive role of Si in increasing the growth, physiological and morphoanatomy responses of sugarcane plants under Al toxicity. A 4 × 2 factorial scheme in a completely randomized design was used to study the impact of Si (2 mM) on attenuating Al toxicity (0, 10, 15 and 20 mg L-1, as Al2(SO4)3·18H2O) in sugarcane seedlings. After 45 days, Al toxicity affected sugarcane growth by increasing Al uptake and accumulation, modifying root growth, thickness, and morphoanatomy, and decreasing pigment content, gas exchange parameters, and the number of adaxial and abaxial stomata. However, Si attenuated Al toxicity in the sugarcane seedlings by limiting Al uptake and transport to the shoots, causing positive changes in root morphoanatomy, higher pigment content, improving gas exchange parameters, thereby increased growth. Furthermore, cultivar 'CTC9003' showed beneficial impacts from Si supplementation than 'CTC9002', especially under Al toxicity. The findings of this study suggest that Si plays a notable role in improving anatomical and physiological aspects, particularly the growth of sugarcane seedlings under Al toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gilmar da Silveira Sousa Junior
- Department of Biology Applied to Agriculture, School of Agricultural and Veterinarian Sciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Via de acesso Prof. Paulo Donato Castellane s/n, Jaboticabal, São Paulo, 14884-900, Brazil.
| | - Alexander Calero Hurtado
- Department of Agricultural Production Sciences-Soil and Fertilizer Sector. School of Agricultural and Veterinarian Sciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Via de acesso Prof. Paulo Donato Castellane s/n, Jaboticabal, São Paulo, 14884-900, Brazil
- University of Sancti Spiritus "Jose Marti Perez" (UNISS), Comandante Fajardo, s/n, Olivos 2, 60100, Sancti Spiritus, Cuba
| | - Rita de Cassia Alves
- Department of Biology Applied to Agriculture, School of Agricultural and Veterinarian Sciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Via de acesso Prof. Paulo Donato Castellane s/n, Jaboticabal, São Paulo, 14884-900, Brazil
| | - Eduardo Custodio Gasparino
- Department of Biology Applied to Agriculture, School of Agricultural and Veterinarian Sciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Via de acesso Prof. Paulo Donato Castellane s/n, Jaboticabal, São Paulo, 14884-900, Brazil
| | - Durvalina Maria Mathias Dos Santos
- Department of Biology Applied to Agriculture, School of Agricultural and Veterinarian Sciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Via de acesso Prof. Paulo Donato Castellane s/n, Jaboticabal, São Paulo, 14884-900, Brazil
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Iwuala E, Olajide O, Abiodun I, Odjegba V, Utoblo O, Ajewole T, Oluwajobi A, Uzochukwu S. Silicon ameliorates cadmium (Cd) toxicity in pearl millet by inducing antioxidant defense system. Heliyon 2024; 10:e25514. [PMID: 38333779 PMCID: PMC10850601 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e25514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2023] [Revised: 01/17/2024] [Accepted: 01/29/2024] [Indexed: 02/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Cadmium (Cd) stress is a significant environmental pollutant that can negatively impact crop yield and growth, and is a serious global issue. However, silicon (Si) has been shown to have a potential function in alleviating the effects of several abiotic stress conditions on crops, including Cd stress. This study investigated the effectiveness of applying silicon to soil as a method for reducing cadmium toxicity in pearl millet (IP14599) seedlings. Seeds of IP14599 were treated with Si + Cd element which cumulated to a combination of 9 treatments. Different Cd concentration of (0, 200, and 300 mg/kg-1) was taken and manually mixed into a sieved soil prior to planting and Si (0, 100 and 200 mg/kg-1) was selectively introduced till after attaining 12 days of seedling emergence. The physiochemical parameters of Cd stressed plants investigated includes chlorophyll, gas exchange attributes, proline, relative water contents, malondialdehyde (MDA) content and antioxidant enzymes (superoxide dismutase (SOD),catalase (CAT), ascorbate peroxidase (APX), peroxidase (POD). Our result revealed that the metal (Cd) caused serious oxidative impairment thereby reducing photosynthetic performance, increased activity of MDA and Cd content in the roots and leaves of IP14599.In addition, Si increased the growth pattern and antioxidant defense action thereby mitigating the Cd toxicity. The results revealed that at Si 200, Si significantly increased the chlorophyll, carotenoids and plant height at 122 %, 69 % and 128 % under the Cd 200 and Cd 300 mg/kg-1 treatment, respectively. The single treatment at Si100 and Si 200 decreased ROS by 29 %, and 37 % respectively and MDA decreased by 33 % and 43 % in contrast to Cd 200 and 300 treatments, respectively. However, Si200 showed significant increase in the activities of APX 97 %, SOD by 89 %, CAT 35 % and POD 86 % as compared to single Si, Cd or combine Cd + Si treatment. Also, a gradual decline in Cd level in both the leaf and root was present when exposed to high concentrations of Si at Si200 and 300 mg/kg-1. Our findings revealed that Si might significantly increase the capacity to tolerate Cd stress in crop plants. Therefore, the study revealed that Si has the potential to alleviate Cd-induced toxicity by reducing Cd assimilation and enhancing the growth attributes of IP14599 plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emmanuel Iwuala
- Department of Plant Science and Biotechnology, Federal University Oye Ekiti, Nigeria
| | - Olubunmi Olajide
- Department of Landscape and Horticulture, Ekiti State University, Ekiti, Nigeria
| | - Isaika Abiodun
- Department of Plant Science and Biotechnology, Federal University Oye Ekiti, Nigeria
| | - Victor Odjegba
- Department of Botany, University of Lagos, Akoka, Yaba, Lagos State, Nigeria
| | - Obaiya Utoblo
- Department of Plant Science and Biotechnology, University of Jos, Plateau State, Nigeria
| | - Tolulope Ajewole
- Department of Plant Science and Biotechnology, Federal University Oye Ekiti, Nigeria
| | - Ayoola Oluwajobi
- Department of Plant Science and Biotechnology, Federal University Oye Ekiti, Nigeria
| | - Sylvia Uzochukwu
- Department of Plant Science and Biotechnology, Federal University Oye Ekiti, Nigeria
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Hussain B, Riaz L, Li K, Hayat K, Akbar N, Hadeed MZ, Zhu B, Pu S. Abiogenic silicon: Interaction with potentially toxic elements and its ecological significance in soil and plant systems. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2023; 338:122689. [PMID: 37804901 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2023.122689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2023] [Revised: 08/28/2023] [Accepted: 10/02/2023] [Indexed: 10/09/2023]
Abstract
Abiogenic silicon (Si), though deemed a quasi-nutrient, remains largely inaccessible to plants due to its prevalence within mineral ores. Nevertheless, the influence of Si extends across a spectrum of pivotal plant processes. Si emerges as a versatile boon for plants, conferring a plethora of advantages. Notably, it engenders substantial enhancements in biomass, yield, and overall plant developmental attributes. Beyond these effects, Si augments the activities of vital antioxidant enzymes, encompassing glutathione (GSH), catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and peroxidase (POD), among others. It achieves through the augmentation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) scavenging gene expression, thus curbing the injurious impact of free radicals. In addition to its effects on plants, Si profoundly ameliorates soil health indicators. Si tangibly enhances soil vitality by elevating soil pH and fostering microbial community proliferation. Furthermore, it exerts inhibitory control over ions that could inflict harm upon delicate plant cells. During interactions within the soil matrix, Si readily forms complexes with potentially toxic metals (PTEs), encapsulating them through Si-PTEs interactions, precipitative mechanisms, and integration within colloidal Si and mineral strata. The amalgamation of Si with other soil amendments, such as biochar, nanoparticles, zeolites, and composts, extends its capacity to thwart PTEs. This synergistic approach enhances soil organic matter content and bolsters overall soil quality parameters. The utilization of Si-based fertilizers and nanomaterials holds promise for further increasing food production and fortifying global food security. Besides, gaps in our scientific discourse persist concerning Si speciation and fractionation within soils, as well as its intricate interplay with PTEs. Nonetheless, future investigations must delve into the precise functions of abiogenic Si within the physiological and biochemical realms of both soil and plants, especially at the critical juncture of the soil-plant interface. This review seeks to comprehensively address the multifaceted roles of Si in plant and soil systems during interactions with PTEs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Babar Hussain
- State Key Laboratory of Geohazard Prevention and Geoenvironment Protection, Chengdu University of Technology, Chengdu, 610059, China
| | - Luqman Riaz
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Kohsar University Murree, 47150, Punjab, Pakistan
| | - Kun Li
- Sichuan Academy of Forestry, Chengdu, 610081, Sichuan, China
| | - Kashif Hayat
- Key Laboratory of Pollution Exposure and Health Intervention, Interdisciplinary Research Academy, Zhejiang Shuren University, Hangzhou, 310015, China
| | - Naveed Akbar
- State Key Laboratory of Geohazard Prevention and Geoenvironment Protection, Chengdu University of Technology, Chengdu, 610059, China
| | | | - Bowei Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Geohazard Prevention and Geoenvironment Protection, Chengdu University of Technology, Chengdu, 610059, China
| | - Shengyan Pu
- State Key Laboratory of Geohazard Prevention and Geoenvironment Protection, Chengdu University of Technology, Chengdu, 610059, China.
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Tan B, Zeng Y, Li Y, Tan X, Liu C, Li L, Zhuang W, Li Z. Probing the effects of silicon amendment on combined stressors on rice: Lead pollution and blast fungus (Magnaporthe oryzae) infection. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2023; 264:115443. [PMID: 37683428 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2023.115443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2022] [Revised: 08/20/2023] [Accepted: 09/03/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023]
Abstract
As agroecology deteriorates, agricultural production is threatened by the combined stressors of exposure to environmental pollutants and pathogenic microbes. Proper agronomic practices for crop growth management and fertilization require understanding plant tolerance strategies. Both rice blast and heavy metals substantially impair rice crops, while silicon (Si) is an effective amendment to alleviate the combined stressors. Herein, this study was conducted to investigate the rice physiology and pathology perspective on the mechanism of Si alleviation against both lead (Pb) toxicity and Magnaporthe oryzae infection, utilizing pot experiments with inoculation of the virulent Magnaporthe oryzae strain. Exogenous Si reduced the phyto-availability and plant absorption of Pb, resulting in a 73.5% reduction in exchangeable Pb concentration in soil and a 40.23% reduction in rice plants. Furthermore, Si addition boosted the plant antioxidant system by increasing the activities of related enzymes, as the activities of catalase, superoxide dismutase, and polyphenol oxidase were significantly improved while the activity of peroxidase in rice panicles decreased. As a result, an improvement in dry matter quantity by 19.19% was observed compared to treatments without Si application, and the panicle blast severity (PBS) was reduced by 0.4-37.52%. Notwithstanding the interaction between the combined stressors, this study revealed that the speciation of Pb formation in the rhizosphere was the primary contributor to the alleviation of abiotic stresses, whereas the regulation of oxidative stress by enzymatic antioxidants played a dominant role in alleviating Magnaporthe oryzae colonization and impairments. The regulation process may reveal the mechanism of siliceous fertilizer functioning in the paddy system. Thereby the role of exogenous Si in anti-fungal, heavy metal toxicology, and plant physiology needs further study to fully elucidate the role of Si amendment, which is proposed to be considered from the perspective of soil chemistry and plant physiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Tan
- State Key Laboratory of Hydraulics and Mountain River Engineering, College of Water Resource & Hydropower, Sichuan University, 610065 Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Yue Zeng
- State Key Laboratory of Hydraulics and Mountain River Engineering, College of Water Resource & Hydropower, Sichuan University, 610065 Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Yihan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Hydraulics and Mountain River Engineering, College of Water Resource & Hydropower, Sichuan University, 610065 Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Xiao Tan
- State Key Laboratory of Hydraulics and Mountain River Engineering, College of Water Resource & Hydropower, Sichuan University, 610065 Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Chao Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Hydraulics and Mountain River Engineering, College of Water Resource & Hydropower, Sichuan University, 610065 Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Longguo Li
- State Key Laboratory of Hydraulics and Mountain River Engineering, College of Water Resource & Hydropower, Sichuan University, 610065 Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Wenhua Zhuang
- State Key Laboratory of Hydraulics and Mountain River Engineering, College of Water Resource & Hydropower, Sichuan University, 610065 Chengdu, Sichuan, China.
| | - Zhuo Li
- Key Laboratory of Water Saving Agriculture in Hill Areas in Southern China of Sichuan Province, Crop Research Institute, Sichuan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 610066 Chengdu, Sichuan, China
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Zia UU, Niazi AR, Ahmad Z, Alharby HF, Waraich EA, Abbasi A, Iqbal MA, Ahmed S, Hina S. Dose optimization of silicon for boosting arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi colonization and cadmium stress mitigation in maize (Zea mays L.). ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023; 30:67071-67086. [PMID: 37103705 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-26902-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2023] [Accepted: 04/03/2023] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
The foliar applied silicon (Si) has the potential to ameliorate heavy metals, especially cadmium (Cd) toxicity; however, Si dose optimization is strategically important for boosting the growth of soil microbes and Cd stress mitigation. Thus, the current research was performed to assess the Si-induced physiochemical and antioxidant trait alterations along with Vesicular Arbuscular Mycorrhiza (VAM) status in maize roots under Cd stress. The trial included foliar Si application at the rate of 0, 5, 10, 15, and 20 ppm while Cd stress (at the rate of 20 ppm) was induced after full germination of maize seed. The response variables included various physiochemical traits such as leaf pigments, protein, and sugar contents along with VAM alterations under induced Cd stress. The results revealed that exogenous application of Si in higher doses remained effective in improving the leaf pigments, proline, soluble sugar, total proteins, and all free amino acids. Additionally, the same treatment remained unmatched in terms of antioxidant activity compared to lower doses of foliar-applied Si. Moreover, VAM was recorded to be at peak under 20 ppm Si treatment. Thus, these encouraging findings may serve as a baseline to develop Si foliar application as a biologically viable mitigation strategy for maize grown in Cd toxicity soils. Overall, the exogenous application of Si helpful for reducing the uptake of Cd in maize and also improving the mycorrhizal association as well as the philological mechanism and antioxidant activities in plant under cadmium stress conditions. Also, future studies must test more doses concerning to varying Cd stress levels along with determining the most responsive crop stage for Si foliar application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ubaid Ullah Zia
- Institute of Botany, University of the Punjab Lahore, Lahore, 54590, Pakistan
| | - Abdul Rehman Niazi
- Institute of Botany, University of the Punjab Lahore, Lahore, 54590, Pakistan
| | - Zahoor Ahmad
- University of Central Punjab Constituent College Yazman Road Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur, 63000, Pakistan.
| | - Hesham F Alharby
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, 21589, Saudi Arabia
- Plant Biology Research Group, Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ejaz Ahmad Waraich
- Department of Agronomy, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, 78000, Pakistan
| | - Asim Abbasi
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Kohsar University Murree, Murree, 47150, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Aamir Iqbal
- Department of Agronomy, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Poonch Rawalakot, AJK, Rawalakot, Pakistan
| | - Sarfraz Ahmed
- Department of Botany, University of Okara, Punjab, 56300, Pakistan
| | - Shozab Hina
- Institute of Botany, University of the Punjab Lahore, Lahore, 54590, Pakistan
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Zhang P, Wei X, Zhang Y, Zhan Q, Bocharnikova E, Matichenkov V. Silicon-mediated alleviation of cadmium toxicity in soil-plant system: historical review. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023; 30:48617-48627. [PMID: 36840874 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-25983-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2022] [Accepted: 02/13/2023] [Indexed: 04/16/2023]
Abstract
The contamination of crops by Cd is a worldwide problem that needs to be addressed for minimizing risk for human health. Today, numerous investigations have demonstrated that Si plays a role in reducing Cd toxicity and accumulation in cultivated plants. The evolution of scientific understanding - the Cd behavior in soil and in plant is discussed for the first time. Our analysis evidences that the research on Si-Cd interactions in the soil-plant system has quickened only in recent years, although basic interactions between silicic acid and Cd cations in aqueous systems were studied over 40-50 years ago. Today, numerous direct and indirect mechanisms of the Si impact on mobility and translocation of Cd in soil and in plants are reported. More productive studies in this area are those that considered the soil-plant system as a whole. Analysis of the development of the Cd-Si-related ideas suggests the prospects of further studies aimed at finding synergetic action of Si and other substances on Cd behavior in the soil-plant system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pengbo Zhang
- Hunan University of Finance and Economics, Changsha, 410205, China
- College of Resources and Environment, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, 410128, China
| | - Xiao Wei
- Hunan University of Finance and Economics, Changsha, 410205, China
| | - Yangzhu Zhang
- College of Resources and Environment, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, 410128, China
| | - Qiang Zhan
- Hunan University of Finance and Economics, Changsha, 410205, China
| | - Elena Bocharnikova
- Institute Basic Biological Problems Russian Academy of Sciences, Pushchino, 142290, Russia
| | - Vladimir Matichenkov
- Hunan University of Finance and Economics, Changsha, 410205, China.
- Institute Basic Biological Problems Russian Academy of Sciences, Pushchino, 142290, Russia.
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Hu Y, Zhou X, Shi A, Yu Y, Rensing C, Zhang T, Xing S, Yang W. Exogenous silicon promotes cadmium (Cd) accumulation in Sedum alfredii Hance by enhancing Cd uptake and alleviating Cd toxicity. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1134370. [PMID: 36895873 PMCID: PMC9988946 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1134370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2022] [Accepted: 02/06/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Soil Cadmium (Cd) pollution has become a serious environmental problem. Silicon (Si) plays key roles in alleviating Cd toxicity in plants. However, the effects of Si on mitigation of Cd toxicity and accumulation of Cd by hyperaccumulators are largely unknown. This study was conducted to investigate the effect of Si on Cd accumulation and the physiological characteristics of Cd hyperaccumulator Sedum alfredii Hance under Cd stress. Results showed that, exogenous Si application promoted the biomass, Cd translocation and concentration of S. alfredii, with an increased rate of 21.74-52.17% for shoot biomass, and 412.39-621.00% for Cd accumulation. Moreover, Si alleviated Cd toxicity by: (i) increasing chlorophyll contents, (ii) improving antioxidant enzymes, (iii) enhancing cell wall components (lignin, cellulose, hemicellulose and pectin), (iv) raising the secretion of organic acids (oxalic acid, tartaric acid and L-malic acid). The RT-PCR analysis of genes that involved in Cd detoxification showed that the expression of SaNramp3, SaNramp6, SaHMA2 and SaHMA4 in roots were significantly decreased by 11.46-28.23%, 6.61-65.19%, 38.47-80.87%, 44.80-69.85% and 33.96-71.70% in the Si treatments, while Si significantly increased the expression of SaCAD. This study expanded understanding on the role of Si in phytoextraction and provided a feasible strategy for assisting phytoextraction Cd by S. alfredii. In summary, Si facilitated the Cd phytoextraction of S. alfredii by promoting plant growth and enhancing the resistance of plants to Cd.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Hu
- Key Laboratory of Soil Ecosystem Health and Regulation of Fujian Provincial University, College of Resources and Environment, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Xueqi Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Soil Ecosystem Health and Regulation of Fujian Provincial University, College of Resources and Environment, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - An Shi
- Key Laboratory of Soil Ecosystem Health and Regulation of Fujian Provincial University, College of Resources and Environment, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Yanshuang Yu
- Key Laboratory of Soil Ecosystem Health and Regulation of Fujian Provincial University, College of Resources and Environment, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Christopher Rensing
- Key Laboratory of Soil Ecosystem Health and Regulation of Fujian Provincial University, College of Resources and Environment, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Taoxiang Zhang
- College of Forestry, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Shihe Xing
- Key Laboratory of Soil Ecosystem Health and Regulation of Fujian Provincial University, College of Resources and Environment, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Wenhao Yang
- Key Laboratory of Soil Ecosystem Health and Regulation of Fujian Provincial University, College of Resources and Environment, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
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11
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Tripathi DK, Rai P, Kandhol N, Kumar A, Sahi S, Corpas FJ, Sharma S, Singh VP. Silicon Palliates Chromium Toxicity through the Formation of Root Hairs in Rice (Oryza sativa) Mediated by GSH and IAA. PLANT & CELL PHYSIOLOGY 2023; 63:1943-1953. [PMID: 36264202 DOI: 10.1093/pcp/pcac150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2022] [Revised: 09/27/2022] [Accepted: 10/19/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Along with the rapidly increasing environmental contamination by heavy metals, the exposure of plants to chromium has also magnified, resulting in a declined productivity. Hexavalent chromium [Cr(VI)], the most toxic form of Cr, brings about changes in plant processes at morpho-physiological and biochemical levels. However, silicon (Si) is known to mitigate the impact of abiotic stresses in plants. Here, we demonstrate Si-mediated alleviation of Cr(VI) toxicity and its effects on root hair formation in rice seedlings. Reduced glutathione (GSH) and indole-3 acetic acid (IAA, an important auxin) were assessed for their involvement in root hair formation after the application of Si to Cr(VI)-stressed plants, and our results confirmed their crucial significance in such developmental processes. The expression analysis of genes involved in GSH biosynthesis (OsGS2) and regeneration (OsGR1), and auxin biosynthesis (OsTAA1 and OsYUCCA1) and transport (OsAUX1 and OsPIN1) corroborated their positive role in Si-mediated root hair formation in Cr(VI)-stressed rice seedlings. Moreover, the results indicated that nitric oxide (NO) seems a probable but not fundamental component in Si-mediated formation of roots in rice during exposure to Cr(VI) stress. In this study, the indispensable role of GSH and IAA, redox homeostasis of GSH and IAA biosynthesis and transport are discussed with regard to Si-mediated formation of root hairs in rice under Cr(VI) stress. The results of the study suggest that Si is a protective agent against Cr(VI) stress in rice, and the findings can be used to develop Cr(VI) stress-tolerant varieties of rice with enhanced productivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Durgesh Kumar Tripathi
- Crop Nanobiology and Molecular Stress Physiology Lab, Amity Institute of Organic Agriculture, Amity University Uttar Pradesh, Sector-125, Noida 201313, India
| | - Padmaja Rai
- Department of Biotechnology, Motilal Nehru National Institute of Technology Allahabad, Prayagraj, UP 211004, India
| | - Nidhi Kandhol
- Crop Nanobiology and Molecular Stress Physiology Lab, Amity Institute of Organic Agriculture, Amity University Uttar Pradesh, Sector-125, Noida 201313, India
| | - Alok Kumar
- Crop Nanobiology and Molecular Stress Physiology Lab, Amity Institute of Organic Agriculture, Amity University Uttar Pradesh, Sector-125, Noida 201313, India
| | - Shivendra Sahi
- Department of Biology, Saint Joseph's University, University City Campus, 600 S. 43rd St., Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Francisco J Corpas
- Department of Stress, Development and Signaling in Plants, Group of Antioxidants, Free Radicals and Nitric Oxide in Biotechnology, Food and Agriculture, Estación Experimental del Zaidín, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Profesor Albareda 1, Granada 18008, Spain
| | - Shivesh Sharma
- Department of Biotechnology, Motilal Nehru National Institute of Technology Allahabad, Prayagraj, UP 211004, India
| | - Vijay Pratap Singh
- Plant Physiology Laboratory, Department of Botany, C.M.P. Degree College, A Constituent Post Graduate College of University of Allahabad, Prayagraj 211002, India
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12
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Khan T, Bilal S, Asaf S, Alamri SS, Imran M, Khan AL, Al-Rawahi A, Lee IJ, Al-Harrasi A. Silicon-Induced Tolerance against Arsenic Toxicity by Activating Physiological, Anatomical and Biochemical Regulation in Phoenix dactylifera (Date Palm). PLANTS 2022; 11:plants11172263. [PMID: 36079645 PMCID: PMC9459973 DOI: 10.3390/plants11172263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2022] [Revised: 08/05/2022] [Accepted: 08/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Arsenic is a toxic metal abundantly present in agricultural, industrial, and pesticide effluents. To overcome arsenic toxicity and ensure safety for plant growth, silicon (Si) can play a significant role in its mitigation. Here, we aim to investigate the influence of silicon on date palm under arsenic toxicity by screening antioxidants accumulation, hormonal modulation, and the expression profile of abiotic stress-related genes. The results showed that arsenic exposure (As: 1.0 mM) significantly retarded growth attributes (shoot length, root length, fresh weight), reduced photosynthetic pigments, and raised reactive species levels. Contrarily, exogenous application of Si (Na2SiO3) to date palm roots strongly influenced stress mitigation by limiting the translocation of arsenic into roots and shoots as compared with the arsenic sole application. Furthermore, an enhanced accumulation of polyphenols (48%) and increased antioxidant activities (POD: 50%, PPO: 75%, GSH: 26.1%, CAT: 51%) resulted in a significant decrease in superoxide anion (O2•−: 58%) and lipid peroxidation (MDA: 1.7-fold), in silicon-treated plants, compared with control and arsenic-treated plants. The Si application also reduced the endogenous abscisic acid (ABA: 38%) under normal conditions, and salicylic acid (SA: 52%) and jasmonic acid levels (JA: 62%) under stress conditions as compared with control and arsenic. Interestingly, the genes; zeaxanthin epoxidase (ZEP) and 9-cis-epoxycarotenoid dioxygenase (NCED-1) involved in ABA biosynthesis were upregulated by silicon under arsenic stress. Likewise, Si application also upregulated gene expression of plant plasma membrane ATPase (PMMA-4), aluminum-activated malate transporter (ALMT) responsible for maintaining cellular physiology, stomatal conductance, and short-chain dehydrogenases/reductases (SDR) involved in nutrients translocation. Hence, the study demonstrates the remarkable role of silicon in supporting growth and inducing arsenic tolerance by increasing antioxidant activities and endogenous hormones in date palm. The outcomes of our study can be employed in further studies to better understand arsenic tolerance and decode mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taimoor Khan
- Natural & Medical Sciences Research Center, University of Nizwa, Nizwa 616, Oman
| | - Saqib Bilal
- Natural & Medical Sciences Research Center, University of Nizwa, Nizwa 616, Oman
- Correspondence: (S.B.); (A.L.K.); (A.A.-H.)
| | - Sajjad Asaf
- Natural & Medical Sciences Research Center, University of Nizwa, Nizwa 616, Oman
| | - Safiya Salim Alamri
- Natural & Medical Sciences Research Center, University of Nizwa, Nizwa 616, Oman
| | - Muhammad Imran
- Division of Plant Biosciences, School of Applied Biosciences, College of Agriculture & Life Science, Kyungpook National University, 80 Dahak-ro, Buk-gu, Daegu 41566, Korea
| | - Abdul Latif Khan
- Department of Engineering Technology, University of Houston, Sugar Land, TX 77479, USA
- Correspondence: (S.B.); (A.L.K.); (A.A.-H.)
| | - Ahmed Al-Rawahi
- Natural & Medical Sciences Research Center, University of Nizwa, Nizwa 616, Oman
| | - In-Jung Lee
- Division of Plant Biosciences, School of Applied Biosciences, College of Agriculture & Life Science, Kyungpook National University, 80 Dahak-ro, Buk-gu, Daegu 41566, Korea
| | - Ahmed Al-Harrasi
- Natural & Medical Sciences Research Center, University of Nizwa, Nizwa 616, Oman
- Correspondence: (S.B.); (A.L.K.); (A.A.-H.)
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13
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Silicon- and Boron-Induced Physio-Biochemical Alteration and Organic Acid Regulation Mitigates Aluminum Phytotoxicity in Date Palm Seedlings. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11061063. [PMID: 35739959 PMCID: PMC9219922 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11061063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2022] [Revised: 05/22/2022] [Accepted: 05/24/2022] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The current study aimed to understand the synergistic impacts of silicon (Si; 1.0 mM) and boron (B; 10 µM) application on modulating physio-molecular responses of date palm to mitigate aluminum (Al3+; 2.0 mM) toxicity. Results revealed that compared to sole Si and B treatments, a combined application significantly improved plant growth, biomass, and photosynthetic pigments during Al toxicity. Interestingly, Si and B resulted in significantly higher exudation of organic acid (malic acids, citric acids, and acetic acid) in the plant’s rhizosphere. This is also correlated with the reduced accumulation and translocation of Al in roots (60%) and shoots (56%) in Si and B treatments during Al toxicity compared to in sole Al3+ treatment. The activation of organic acids by combined Si + B application has significantly regulated the ALMT1, ALMT2 and plasma membrane ATPase; PMMA1 and PMMA3 in roots and shoots. Further, the Si-related transporter Lsi2 gene was upregulated by Si + B application under Al toxicity. This was also validated by the higher uptake and translocation of Si in plants. Al-induced oxidative stress was significantly counteracted by exhibiting lower malondialdehyde and superoxide production in Si + B treatments. Experiencing less oxidative stress was evident from upregulation of CAT and Cyt-Cu/Zn SOD expression; hence, enzymatic activities such as polyphenol oxidase, catalase, peroxidase, and ascorbate peroxidase were significantly activated. In the case of endogenous phytohormones, Si + B application demonstrated the downregulation of the abscisic acid (ABA; NCED1 and NCED6) and salicylic acid (SA; PYL4, PYR1) biosynthesis-related genes. Consequently, we also noticed a lower accumulation of ABA and rising SA levels under Al-stress. The current findings illustrate that the synergistic Si + B application could be an effective strategy for date palm growth and productivity against Al stress and could be further extended in field trails in Al-contaminated fields.
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14
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Bist V, Anand V, Srivastava S, Kaur J, Naseem M, Mishra S, Srivastava PK, Tripathi RD, Srivastava S. Alleviative mechanisms of silicon solubilizing Bacillus amyloliquefaciens mediated diminution of arsenic toxicity in rice. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2022; 428:128170. [PMID: 35032955 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2021.128170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2021] [Revised: 11/30/2021] [Accepted: 12/27/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Silicon (Si) has gained considerable attention for its utility in improved plant health under biotic and abiotic stresses through alteration of physiological and metabolic processes. Its interaction with arsenic (As) has been the compelling area of research amidst heavy metal toxicity. However, microbe mediated Si solubilization and their role for reduced As uptake is still an unexplored domain. Foremost role of Bacillus amyloliquefaciens (NBRISN13) in impediment of arsenite (AsIII) translocation signifies our work. Reduced grain As content (52-72%) during SN13 inoculation under feldspar supplementation (Si+SN+As) highlight the novel outcome of our study. Upregulation of Lsi1, Lsi2 and Lsi3genes in Si+SN+As treated rice plants associated with restricted As translocation, frames new propositions for future research on microbemediated reduced As uptake through increased Si transport. In addition to low As accumulation, alleviation of oxidative stress markers by modulation of defense enzyme activities and differential accumulation of plant hormones was found to be associated with improved growth and yield. Thus, our findings confer the potential role of microbe mediated Si solubilization in mitigation of As stress to restore plant growth and yield.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vidisha Bist
- Division of Microbial Technology, CSIR-National Botanical Research Institute, RanaPratapMarg, Lucknow 226 001, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - Vandana Anand
- Division of Microbial Technology, CSIR-National Botanical Research Institute, RanaPratapMarg, Lucknow 226 001, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - Sonal Srivastava
- Division of Microbial Technology, CSIR-National Botanical Research Institute, RanaPratapMarg, Lucknow 226 001, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - Jasvinder Kaur
- Division of Microbial Technology, CSIR-National Botanical Research Institute, RanaPratapMarg, Lucknow 226 001, India
| | - Mariya Naseem
- Plant Ecology and Environmental Science Division, CSIR-National Botanical Research Institute, Rana Pratap Marg, Lucknow 226001, India
| | - Seema Mishra
- Department of Chemistry, Deen Dayal Upadhyaya Gorakhpur University, Gorakhpur 273009, India
| | - Pankaj Kumar Srivastava
- Plant Ecology and Environmental Science Division, CSIR-National Botanical Research Institute, Rana Pratap Marg, Lucknow 226001, India
| | - Rudra Deo Tripathi
- Plant Ecology and Environmental Science Division, CSIR-National Botanical Research Institute, Rana Pratap Marg, Lucknow 226001, India
| | - Suchi Srivastava
- Division of Microbial Technology, CSIR-National Botanical Research Institute, RanaPratapMarg, Lucknow 226 001, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India.
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15
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Potassium and Silicon Synergistically Increase Cadmium and Lead Tolerance and Phytostabilization by Quinoa through Modulation of Physiological and Biochemical Attributes. TOXICS 2022; 10:toxics10040169. [PMID: 35448430 PMCID: PMC9027815 DOI: 10.3390/toxics10040169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2022] [Revised: 03/22/2022] [Accepted: 03/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Cadmium (Cd) and lead (Pb) contaminated soils have increased recently, resulting in limited crop productivity. The ameliorative role of potassium (K) and silicon (Si) is well established in plants under heavy metals stress; however, their combined role under the co-contamination of Cd and Pb is not well understood. We hypothesized that the synergistic application of K and Si would be more effective than their sole treatment for increasing the Pb and Cd tolerance and phytostabilization potential of quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa Willd.). In the current study, quinoa genotype ‘Puno’ was exposed to different concentrations of Cd (0, 200 µM), Pb (0, 500 µM) and their combination with or without 10 mM K and 1.0 mM Si supplementation. The results revealed that the combined stress of Cd and Pb was more detrimental than their separate application to plant biomass (66% less than the control), chlorophyll content and stomatal conductance. Higher accumulation of Pb and Cd led to a limited uptake of K and Si in quinoa plants. The supplementation of metal-stressed plants with 10 mM K and 1.0 mM Si, particularly in combination, caused a significant increase in the growth, stomatal conductance and pigment content of plants. The combined stress of Cd and Pb resulted in an overproduction of H2O2 (11-fold) and TBARS (13-fold) and a decrease in membrane stability (59%). Oxidative stress induced by metals was lessened by 8-fold, 9-fold, 7-fold and 11-fold increases in SOD, CAT, APX and POD activities, respectively, under the combined application of K and Si. It is concluded that the exogenous supply of K and Si in combination is very promising for increasing Cd and Pb tolerance and the phytostabilization potential of quinoa.
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Mir RA, Bhat BA, Yousuf H, Islam ST, Raza A, Rizvi MA, Charagh S, Albaqami M, Sofi PA, Zargar SM. Multidimensional Role of Silicon to Activate Resilient Plant Growth and to Mitigate Abiotic Stress. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:819658. [PMID: 35401625 PMCID: PMC8984490 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.819658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2021] [Accepted: 01/31/2022] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Sustainable agricultural production is critically antagonistic by fluctuating unfavorable environmental conditions. The introduction of mineral elements emerged as the most exciting and magical aspect, apart from the novel intervention of traditional and applied strategies to defend the abiotic stress conditions. The silicon (Si) has ameliorating impacts by regulating diverse functionalities on enhancing the growth and development of crop plants. Si is categorized as a non-essential element since crop plants accumulate less during normal environmental conditions. Studies on the application of Si in plants highlight the beneficial role of Si during extreme stressful conditions through modulation of several metabolites during abiotic stress conditions. Phytohormones are primary plant metabolites positively regulated by Si during abiotic stress conditions. Phytohormones play a pivotal role in crop plants' broad-spectrum biochemical and physiological aspects during normal and extreme environmental conditions. Frontline phytohormones include auxin, cytokinin, ethylene, gibberellin, salicylic acid, abscisic acid, brassinosteroids, and jasmonic acid. These phytohormones are internally correlated with Si in regulating abiotic stress tolerance mechanisms. This review explores insights into the role of Si in enhancing the phytohormone metabolism and its role in maintaining the physiological and biochemical well-being of crop plants during diverse abiotic stresses. Moreover, in-depth information about Si's pivotal role in inducing abiotic stress tolerance in crop plants through metabolic and molecular modulations is elaborated. Furthermore, the potential of various high throughput technologies has also been discussed in improving Si-induced multiple stress tolerance. In addition, a special emphasis is engrossed in the role of Si in achieving sustainable agricultural growth and global food security.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rakeeb Ahmad Mir
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Central University of Kashmir, Ganderbal, India
| | | | - Henan Yousuf
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Biosciences and Biotechnology, Baba Ghulam Shah Badshah University, Rajouri, India
| | | | - Ali Raza
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Genetics, Breeding and Multiple Utilization of Crops, Oil Crops Research Institute, Center of Legume Crop Genetics and Systems Biology/College of Agriculture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University (FAFU), Fuzhou, China
| | | | - Sidra Charagh
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Hangzhou, China
| | - Mohammed Albaqami
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Applied Science, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Parvaze A. Sofi
- Division of Genetics and Plant Breeding, Sher-e-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology of Kashmir, Srinagar, India
| | - Sajad Majeed Zargar
- Proteomics Laboratory, Division of Plant Biotechnology, Sher-e-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology of Kashmir (SKUAST-K), Srinagar, India
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17
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Riyazuddin R, Nisha N, Ejaz B, Khan MIR, Kumar M, Ramteke PW, Gupta R. A Comprehensive Review on the Heavy Metal Toxicity and Sequestration in Plants. Biomolecules 2021; 12:biom12010043. [PMID: 35053191 PMCID: PMC8774178 DOI: 10.3390/biom12010043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2021] [Revised: 12/14/2021] [Accepted: 12/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Heavy metal (HM) toxicity has become a global concern in recent years and is imposing a severe threat to the environment and human health. In the case of plants, a higher concentration of HMs, above a threshold, adversely affects cellular metabolism because of the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) which target the key biological molecules. Moreover, some of the HMs such as mercury and arsenic, among others, can directly alter the protein/enzyme activities by targeting their –SH group to further impede the cellular metabolism. Particularly, inhibition of photosynthesis has been reported under HM toxicity because HMs trigger the degradation of chlorophyll molecules by enhancing the chlorophyllase activity and by replacing the central Mg ion in the porphyrin ring which affects overall plant growth and yield. Consequently, plants utilize various strategies to mitigate the negative impact of HM toxicity by limiting the uptake of these HMs and their sequestration into the vacuoles with the help of various molecules including proteins such as phytochelatins, metallothionein, compatible solutes, and secondary metabolites. In this comprehensive review, we provided insights towards a wider aspect of HM toxicity, ranging from their negative impact on plant growth to the mechanisms employed by the plants to alleviate the HM toxicity and presented the molecular mechanism of HMs toxicity and sequestration in plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Riyazuddin Riyazuddin
- Department of Plant Biology, Faculty of Science and Informatics, University of Szeged, Kozep fasor 52, H-6726 Szeged, Hungary;
- Faculty of Science and Informatics, Doctoral School in Biology, University of Szeged, H-6720 Szeged, Hungary
| | - Nisha Nisha
- Department of Integrated Plant Protection, Faculty of Horticultural Science, Plant Protection Institute, Szent István University, 2100 Godollo, Hungary;
| | - Bushra Ejaz
- Department of Botany, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi 110062, India; (B.E.); (M.I.R.K.)
| | - M. Iqbal R. Khan
- Department of Botany, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi 110062, India; (B.E.); (M.I.R.K.)
| | - Manu Kumar
- Department of Life Science, Dongguk University, Seoul 10326, Korea;
| | - Pramod W. Ramteke
- Department of Life Sciences, Mandsaur University, Mandsaur 458001, India;
| | - Ravi Gupta
- College of General Education, Kookmin University, Seoul 02707, Korea
- Correspondence: or
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18
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Azam SK, Karimi N, Souri Z, Vaculík M. Multiple effects of silicon on alleviation of arsenic and cadmium toxicity in hyperaccumulator Isatis cappadocica Desv. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2021; 168:177-187. [PMID: 34634643 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2021.09.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2020] [Revised: 09/19/2021] [Accepted: 09/20/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Arsenic (As) and cadmium (Cd) belong to the group of major pollutants extremely toxic to plants. Metal hyperaccumulating plants play an important role in phytoextraction of heavy metals. Silicon (Si) plays an important role in the amelioration of heavy metal stress through physio-biochemical mechanisms, which remain poorly understood in hyperaccumulators. The main purpose of this study was to determine the impact of Si on growth and performance of As hyperaccumulator Isatis cappadocica Desv., exposed to As and Cd. Results showed that Si (especially at 1 mM level) alleviated the harmful impact of As/Cd and significantly increased the root and shoot biomass, root and shoot length and chlorophyll contents of I. cappadocica by enhancing the plant defense mechanisms. Between the two investigated harmful elements, As was accumulated in plant parts significantly more than Cd, however with considerably lower toxic growth effects. The As/Cd concentration, bioaccumulation and translocation factor and total As content both in roots and shoots of Si-supplied plant were significantly reduced as a protective mechanism, especially in Cd exposed plant. In comparison with single As/Cd treatment, Si supply reduced H2O2 content, increased total soluble protein content and enhanced glutathione S-transferase activity in shoots. The results of this study clearly showed that Si minimized As/Cd uptake and root to shoot translocation, and therefore Si cannot enhance the phytoextraction potential of this plant species. Additionally, Si-improved growth and reduced oxidative damages caused by excess of As and Cd suggested that the similar mechanisms of metal(loid) alleviation are adopted in hyperaccumulators as well as non-hyperaccumulating plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Salimeh Khademi Azam
- Laboratory of Plant Physiology, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Razi University, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Naser Karimi
- Laboratory of Plant Physiology, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Razi University, Kermanshah, Iran.
| | - Zahra Souri
- Laboratory of Plant Physiology, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Razi University, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Marek Vaculík
- Department of Plant Physiology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Comenius University in Bratislava, 842 15, Bratislava, Slovakia; Institute of Botany, Plant Science and Biodiversity Centre, Slovak Academy of Sciences, 845 23 Bratislava, Slovakia
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19
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Wei T, Li X, Yashir N, Li H, Sun Y, Hua L, Ren X, Guo J. Effect of exogenous silicon and methyl jasmonate on the alleviation of cadmium-induced phytotoxicity in tomato plants. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 28:51854-51864. [PMID: 33990924 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-14252-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2021] [Accepted: 04/29/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
In the present study, a hydroponic experiment was performed to evaluate the effect of exogenous silicon (Si) and methyl jasmonate (MeJA) on the mitigation of Cd toxicity in tomato seedlings. The results revealed that Cd-stressed plants exhibited growth inhibition, increased lipid peroxidation, and impaired photosynthetic pigment accumulation. However, Si and MeJA applied alone or in combination significantly ameliorated the above-mentioned adverse effects induced by Cd. Among all treatments, Cd+Si+MeJA treatment elevated the dry mass of roots, stems, and leaves by 317.39%, 110.85%, and 119.71%, respectively. The chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b, and carotenoid contents in Cd+Si+MeJA-treated group were dramatically elevated (p < 0.05). Meanwhile, the malondialdehyde content in roots and shoots were reduced by 32.24% and 69.94%, respectively. The Si and MeJA applied separately or in combination also resulted in a prominent decrease of Cd influxes in tomato roots; therefore, a reduction of Cd content in tomato tissues were detected, and the Cd concentration in tomato roots were decreased by 27.19%, 25.18%, and 17.51% in Cd+Si, Cd+MeJA and Cd+Si+MeJA-treated plants, respectively. Moreover, in Cd+Si+MeJA-treated group, the percentage of Cd in cell wall fraction was enhanced while that in organelle fraction was decreased as compared with Cd-stressed plants. Collectively, our findings indicated that Si and MeJA application provide a beneficial role in enhancing Cd tolerance and reducing Cd uptake in tomato plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Wei
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science & Technology, Xi'an, 710021, People's Republic of China.
| | - Xian Li
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science & Technology, Xi'an, 710021, People's Republic of China
| | - Noman Yashir
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science & Technology, Xi'an, 710021, People's Republic of China
| | - Hong Li
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science & Technology, Xi'an, 710021, People's Republic of China
| | - Yanni Sun
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science & Technology, Xi'an, 710021, People's Republic of China
| | - Li Hua
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science & Technology, Xi'an, 710021, People's Republic of China
| | - Xinhao Ren
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science & Technology, Xi'an, 710021, People's Republic of China
| | - Junkang Guo
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science & Technology, Xi'an, 710021, People's Republic of China.
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Ur Rahman S, Xuebin Q, Kamran M, Yasin G, Cheng H, Rehim A, Riaz L, Rizwan M, Ali S, Alsahli AA, Alyemeni MN. Silicon elevated cadmium tolerance in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) by endorsing nutrients uptake and antioxidative defense mechanisms in the leaves. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2021; 166:148-159. [PMID: 34111740 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2021.05.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2020] [Accepted: 05/25/2021] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Numerous abiotic stressors including heavy metal stresses, specifically cadmium (Cd) stress in agricultural bio-system hinder the plant adequate growth. The present study was aimed to reveal the protective role of silicon (Si) application with two levels and to recognize the optimum level of Si for wheat plants grown hydroponically under three different levels of Cd toxicities. In methodology, we used nine treatments with three levels of Si (0, 1, and 3 mmol L-1; Na2SiO3) against three levels of Cd (0, 50, 200 μmol L-1; CdCl2) with three biological replicates. The results of our study demonstrated that Si incorporation with the advantage of 3 mmol L-1 in cultured media with Cd50 and Cd200 demolished the toxic effects of Cd on the leaves of wheat plants by increasing plant dry biomass by 88% and 262%, leaf area by 48% and 57%, total chlorophyll contents by 120% and 74%, catalase (CAT) activity by 92% and 110%, superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity by 62% and 78%, peroxidase (POD) activity by 66% and 40%, ascorbic acid (AsA) contents by 33% and 34%, glutathione (GHS) contents by 39% and 30% and reduced MDA contents by 56% and 50%, H2O2 contents by 61% and 66%, and EL contents by 56% and 47% as parallel to Cd corresponding levels. In addition, Si incorporation with the advantage of 3 mmol L-1 significantly increased relative water contents (RWC) to maintain the cell turgor pressure and protect the plant from wilting and cells flaccid and enhanced membrane stability index (MSI) to protect the plant from logging under damaging effects of Cd toxicities. Based on the present findings, Si can be considered a quasi-essential element that enhanced wheat tolerance against Cd toxicity by limiting uptake, accumulation, and translocation of Cd and through regulating antioxidative defense mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shafeeq Ur Rahman
- Farmland Irrigation Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Xinxiang, 453003, China; Key Laboratory of High-efficient and Safe Utilization of Agriculture Water Resources of CAAS, Xinxiang, 453003, China
| | - Qi Xuebin
- Farmland Irrigation Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Xinxiang, 453003, China; Key Laboratory of High-efficient and Safe Utilization of Agriculture Water Resources of CAAS, Xinxiang, 453003, China.
| | - Muhammad Kamran
- CAS Key Laboratory of Soil Environment and Pollution Remediation, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, PR China
| | - Ghulam Yasin
- Department of Forestry, Range and Wildlife Management, The Islamia University Bahawalpur, Punjab, Pakistan; Department of Forestry and Range Management, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan, Punjab, Pakistan
| | - Hefa Cheng
- MOE Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Abdur Rehim
- Bahauddin Zakariya University, Bahadur Campus Layyah, Pakistan
| | - Luqman Riaz
- College of Life Sciences, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang 453007, China
| | - Muhammad Rizwan
- Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Government College University Faisalabad, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan
| | - Shafaqat Ali
- Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Government College University Faisalabad, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan; Department of Biological Sciences and Technology, China Medical University, Taichung 40402, Taiwan
| | - Abdulaziz Abdullah Alsahli
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed Nasser Alyemeni
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
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Bokor B, Santos CS, Kostoláni D, Machado J, da Silva MN, Carvalho SMP, Vaculík M, Vasconcelos MW. Mitigation of climate change and environmental hazards in plants: Potential role of the beneficial metalloid silicon. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2021; 416:126193. [PMID: 34492957 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2021.126193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2020] [Revised: 11/06/2020] [Accepted: 05/20/2021] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
In the last decades, the concentration of atmospheric CO2 and the average temperature have been increasing, and this trend is expected to become more severe in the near future. Additionally, environmental stresses including drought, salinity, UV-radiation, heavy metals, and toxic elements exposure represent a threat for ecosystems and agriculture. Climate and environmental changes negatively affect plant growth, biomass and yield production, and also enhance plant susceptibility to pests and diseases. Silicon (Si), as a beneficial element for plants, is involved in plant tolerance and/or resistance to various abiotic and biotic stresses. The beneficial role of Si has been shown in various plant species and its accumulation relies on the root's uptake capacity. However, Si uptake in plants depends on many biogeochemical factors that may be substantially altered in the future, affecting its functional role in plant protection. At present, it is not clear whether Si accumulation in plants will be positively or negatively affected by changing climate and environmental conditions. In this review, we focused on Si interaction with the most important factors of global change and environmental hazards in plants, discussing the potential role of its application as an alleviation strategy for climate and environmental hazards based on current knowledge.
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Affiliation(s)
- Boris Bokor
- Comenius University Science Park, 841 04 Bratislava, Slovakia; Department of Plant Physiology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Comenius University in Bratislava, 842 15 Bratislava, Slovakia.
| | - Carla S Santos
- Universidade Católica Portuguesa, CBQF - Centro de Biotecnologia e Química Fina - Laboratório Associado, Escola Superior de Biotecnologia, Rua Diogo Botelho 1327, 4169-005 Porto, Portugal
| | - Dominik Kostoláni
- Department of Plant Physiology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Comenius University in Bratislava, 842 15 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Joana Machado
- Universidade Católica Portuguesa, CBQF - Centro de Biotecnologia e Química Fina - Laboratório Associado, Escola Superior de Biotecnologia, Rua Diogo Botelho 1327, 4169-005 Porto, Portugal; GreenUPorto - Sustainable Agrifood Production Research Centre / Inov4Agro, DGAOT, Faculty of Sciences, University of Porto, Campus de Vairão, Rua da Agrária 747, 4485-646 Vairão, Portugal
| | - Marta Nunes da Silva
- Universidade Católica Portuguesa, CBQF - Centro de Biotecnologia e Química Fina - Laboratório Associado, Escola Superior de Biotecnologia, Rua Diogo Botelho 1327, 4169-005 Porto, Portugal; GreenUPorto - Sustainable Agrifood Production Research Centre / Inov4Agro, DGAOT, Faculty of Sciences, University of Porto, Campus de Vairão, Rua da Agrária 747, 4485-646 Vairão, Portugal
| | - Susana M P Carvalho
- GreenUPorto - Sustainable Agrifood Production Research Centre / Inov4Agro, DGAOT, Faculty of Sciences, University of Porto, Campus de Vairão, Rua da Agrária 747, 4485-646 Vairão, Portugal
| | - Marek Vaculík
- Department of Plant Physiology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Comenius University in Bratislava, 842 15 Bratislava, Slovakia; Institute of Botany, Plant Science and Biodiversity Centre, Slovak Academy of Sciences, 845 23 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Marta W Vasconcelos
- Universidade Católica Portuguesa, CBQF - Centro de Biotecnologia e Química Fina - Laboratório Associado, Escola Superior de Biotecnologia, Rua Diogo Botelho 1327, 4169-005 Porto, Portugal
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Abd El-Mageed TA, Shaaban A, Abd El-Mageed SA, Semida WM, Rady MOA. Silicon Defensive Role in Maize (Zea mays L.) against Drought Stress and Metals-Contaminated Irrigation Water. SILICON 2021; 13:2165-2176. [DOI: 10.1007/s12633-020-00690-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2020] [Accepted: 09/03/2020] [Indexed: 09/01/2023]
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Thind S, Hussain I, Ali S, Rasheed R, Ashraf MA. Silicon Application Modulates Growth, Physio-Chemicals, and Antioxidants in Wheat ( Triticum aestivum L.) Exposed to Different Cadmium Regimes. Dose Response 2021; 19:15593258211014646. [PMID: 34158808 PMCID: PMC8182634 DOI: 10.1177/15593258211014646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2021] [Revised: 04/05/2021] [Accepted: 04/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Silicon (Si) application enhanced the tolerance of plants against different environmental stresses. Therefore, objective of the study revealed that foliar applied Si alleviates the adverse effect of Cd by enhancing the growth, metabolite accumulation, strengthening the antioxidant defense system, reducing oxidative injury, improving plant nutrient status, and decreasing the Cd uptake in wheat. The surface sterilized seeds of Sahar-2006 (tolerant) and Inqalab-91 (sensitive) having the differential metal tolerance capacity were sown in plastic pots containing normal and Cd spiked sandy loamy soil. The design of experiments was completely randomized with 3 replicates per treatment. Two weeks after germination, plants were sprayed with different concentrations of Si (1.5 and 3 mM) with 0.1% surfactant in the form of Tween-20. The plants were harvested after 2 weeks of Si application to determine various attributes. High concentration of Cd (25 mg kg-1) decreased growth-related-attributes, essential nutrient uptake and increase the levels of oxidative stress indicators. The application of Si increased the growth-related attributes, photosynthetic pigments, essential nutrient uptake and also enhanced the activities of various antioxidant compounds (superoxide dismutase (SOD), peroxidase (POD, ascorbate peroxidase (APX) and catalase (CAT) by decreasing the contents of oxidative stress indicators and Cd uptake in root and shoot of both wheat cultivars. Sahar-2006 cultivar showed more tolerance to Cd regimes than that of Inqalab-91 as clear from greater plant dry masses. Thus, our results showed that the applied Si level (3 mM) is an efficient strategy for field use in the areas, where slightly Cd polluted soils limit the agriculture production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sumaira Thind
- Department of Botany, Government College University, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Iqbal Hussain
- Department of Botany, Government College University, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Shafaqat Ali
- Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Government College University, Faisalabad, Pakistan
- Department of Biological Sciences and Technology, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Rizwan Rasheed
- Department of Botany, Government College University, Faisalabad, Pakistan
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Artyszak A, Gozdowski D, Siuda A. Effect of the Application Date of Fertilizer Containing Silicon and Potassium on the Yield and Technological Quality of Sugar Beet Roots. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 10:plants10020370. [PMID: 33671891 PMCID: PMC7918965 DOI: 10.3390/plants10020370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2020] [Revised: 02/10/2021] [Accepted: 02/11/2021] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Water shortage and drought are a growing problem in Europe. Therefore, effective methods for limiting its effects are necessary. At the same time, the "field to fork" strategy adopted by the European Commission aims to achieve a significant reduction in the use of plant protection products and fertilizers in the European Union. In an experiment conducted in 2018-2020, the effect of the method of foliar fertilization containing silicon and potassium on the yield and technological quality of sugar beet roots was assessed. The fertilizer was used in seven combinations, differing in the number and time of application. The best results were obtained by treating plants during drought stress. The better soil moisture for the plants, the smaller the pure sugar yield increase was observed. It is difficult to clearly state which combination of silicon and potassium foliar application is optimal, as their effects do not differ greatly.
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25
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Recent Advances in Understanding Mechanisms of Plant Tolerance and Response to Aluminum Toxicity. SUSTAINABILITY 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/su13041782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Aluminum (Al) toxicity is a major environmental stress that inhibits plant growth and development. There has been impressive progress in recent years that has greatly increased our understanding of the nature of Al toxicity and its mechanisms of tolerance. This review describes the transcription factors (TFs) and plant hormones involved in the adaptation to Al stress. In particular, it discusses strategies to confer plant resistance to Al stress, such as transgenic breeding, as well as small molecules and plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPRs) to alleviate Al toxicity. This paper provides a theoretical basis for the enhancement of plant production in acidic soils.
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26
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Banerjee A, Singh A, Sudarshan M, Roychoudhury A. Silicon nanoparticle-pulsing mitigates fluoride stress in rice by fine-tuning the ionomic and metabolomic balance and refining agronomic traits. CHEMOSPHERE 2021; 262:127826. [PMID: 33182120 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.127826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2020] [Revised: 07/14/2020] [Accepted: 07/24/2020] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
The present manuscript investigates the roles of silicon nanoparticles (SiNPs) in ameliorating fluoride toxicity in the susceptible rice cultivar, IR-64. Fluoride toxicity reduced overall growth and yield by suppressing grain development. Fluoride stress alarmingly increased the accumulation of cobalt, which together with fluoride triggered electrolyte leakage, malondialdehyde, methylglyoxal and hydrogen peroxide accumulation and NADPH oxidase activity. The overall photosynthesis was compromised due to chlorosis and inhibited Hill activity. Nano-Si-priming efficiently ameliorated molecular injuries and restored yield by reducing fluoride bioaccumulation particularly in the grains. The level of non-enzymatic antioxidants like anthocyanins, flavonoids, phenolics and glutathione was stimulated upon SiNP-priming. Nano-Si-pulsing removed fluoride-mediated inhibition of glutathione synthesis by activating glutathione reductase. Glutathione was utilized to activate glyoxalases and associated enzymes like glutathione-S-transferase and glutathione peroxidase. Uptake of nutrients like silicon, potassium, zinc, copper, iron, nickel, manganese, selenium and vanadium improved seedling health even during prolonged fluoride stress. Nano-Si-pulsing produced a nanozymatic effect, since high level of crucial co-factors like copper, zinc and iron stimulated the activity of superoxide dismutase, catalase, ascorbate peroxidase and guaiacol peroxidase, which synergistically with other enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidants scavenged reactive oxygen species and promoted fluoride tolerance. Overall, the study supported by statistical modelling using principal component analysis, t-distributed stochastic neighbour embedding and multidimensional scaling, established the potential of SiNP to promote safe rice cultivation and precision farming even in fluoride-infested environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aditya Banerjee
- Post Graduate Department of Biotechnology, St. Xavier's College (Autonomous), 30, Mother Teresa Sarani, Kolkata, 700016, West Bengal, India
| | - Ankur Singh
- Post Graduate Department of Biotechnology, St. Xavier's College (Autonomous), 30, Mother Teresa Sarani, Kolkata, 700016, West Bengal, India
| | - M Sudarshan
- UGC-DAE Consortium for Scientific Research, Kolkata Centre, 3/LB Bidhannagar, Kolkata, 700098, India
| | - Aryadeep Roychoudhury
- Post Graduate Department of Biotechnology, St. Xavier's College (Autonomous), 30, Mother Teresa Sarani, Kolkata, 700016, West Bengal, India.
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Shah AA, Yasin NA, Akram K, Ahmad A, Khan WU, Akram W, Akbar M. Ameliorative role of Bacillus subtilis FBL-10 and silicon against lead induced stress in Solanum melongena. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2021; 158:486-496. [PMID: 33298367 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2020.11.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2020] [Accepted: 11/20/2020] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
The continuous deterioration of arable lands by metal pollution compels finding suitable strategies to increase plant tolerance under contaminated regimes. Current study was designed to examine the synergistic role of Bacillus subtilis FBL-10 and silicon (Si) with respect to mitigation of lead (Pb) induced phytotoxicity in Solanum melongena L. Lead stress (75 mg kg-1) reduced chlorophyll (Chl) content, photosynthetic rate and gas exchange characteristics of S. melongena plants. The Si and B. subtilis FBL-10 individually upgraded all the above-mentioned growth attributes. However, co-application of Si (50 mg kg-1) and B. subtilis FBL-10 significantly improved biochemical and growth attributes of Pb challenged plants. The abridged levels of oxidative markers including hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), and malondialdehyde (MDA) besides reduced Pb accumulation in foliage tissues, were recorded in Si and microbe assisted plants. Furthermore, plants inoculated with B. subtilis FBL-10 alone or in combination with Si showed increment in total soluble proteins, photosynthetic rate and gas exchange attributes. The inoculated plants treated with Si exhibited higher level of auxins and improved activity of antioxidant enzymes under Pb stress. Present research elucidates interactive role of B. subtilis FBL-10 and Si in reduction of Pb toxicity in S. melongena plants. Alone application of Si or B. subtilis FBL-10 was less effective for attenuation of Pb stress; however, synergism between both phyto-protectants demonstrated fabulous ability for Pb stress assuagement. Consequently, executions of field studies become indispensable to comprehend the efficacy of Si applied alone or in combination with plant growth promoting bacteria (PGPB) like B. subtilis FBL-10. From current research, it is concluded that the interaction of Si and PGPB seems an auspicious technique and eco-friendly approach to enhance metal tolerance in crop plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anis Ali Shah
- Department of Botany, University of Narowal, Narowal, Pakistan
| | - Nasim Ahmad Yasin
- Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, China; SSG, RO-II Department, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan.
| | - Kanwal Akram
- Department of Botany, University of Narowal, Narowal, Pakistan
| | - Aqeel Ahmad
- Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Waheed Ullah Khan
- College of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan; Department of Environmental Science, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Pakistan.
| | - Waheed Akram
- Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, China
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Zhou P, Adeel M, Shakoor N, Guo M, Hao Y, Azeem I, Li M, Liu M, Rui Y. Application of Nanoparticles Alleviates Heavy Metals Stress and Promotes Plant Growth: An Overview. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2020; 11:E26. [PMID: 33374410 PMCID: PMC7824443 DOI: 10.3390/nano11010026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2020] [Revised: 12/18/2020] [Accepted: 12/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
Nanotechnology is playing a significant role in addressing a vast range of environmental challenges by providing innovative and effective solutions. Heavy metal (HM) contamination has gained considerable attention in recent years due their rapidly increasing concentrations in agricultural soil. Due to their unique physiochemical properties, nanoparticles (NPs) can be effectively applied for stress alleviation. In this review, we explore the current status of the literature regarding nano-enabled agriculture retrieved from the Web of Science databases and published from January 2010 to November 2020, with most of our sources spanning the past five years. We briefly discuss uptake and transport mechanisms, application methods (soil, hydroponic and foliar), exposure concentrations, and their impact on plant growth and development. The current literature contained sufficient information about NPs behavior in plants in the presence of pollutants, highlighting the alleviation mechanism to overcome the HM stress. Furthermore, we present a broad overview of recent advances regarding HM stress and the possible mechanism of interaction between NPs and HM in the agricultural system. Additionally, this review article will be supportive for the understanding of phytoremediation and micro-remediation of contaminated soils and also highlights the future research needs for the combined application of NPs in the soil for sustainable agriculture.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Yukui Rui
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Farmland Soil Pollution Prevention and Remediation, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; (P.Z.); (M.A.); (N.S.); (M.G.); (Y.H.); (I.A.); (M.L.); (M.L.)
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Vaculík M, Lukačová Z, Bokor B, Martinka M, Tripathi DK, Lux A. Alleviation mechanisms of metal(loid) stress in plants by silicon: a review. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2020; 71:6744-6757. [PMID: 32569367 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/eraa288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2020] [Accepted: 06/15/2020] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Silicon (Si), although not considered as an essential element for plants in general, can ameliorate the phytotoxicity induced by excess metal(loid)s whether non-essential (e.g. Cd, Pb, Cr, Al, As, and Sb) or essential (e.g. Cu, Ni, and Zn). The Si-enhanced resistance allowing plants to cope with this type of abiotic stress has been developed at multiple levels in plants. Restriction of root uptake and immobilization of metal(loid)s in the rhizosphere by Si is probably one of the first defence mechanism. Further, retention of elements in the root apoplasm might enhance the resistance and vigour of plants. At the cellular level, the formation of insoluble complexes between Si and metal(loid)s and their storage within cell walls help plants to decrease available element concentration and restrict symplasmic uptake. Moreover, Si influences the oxidative status of plants by modifying the activity of various antioxidants, improves membrane stability, and acts on gene expression, although its exact role in these processes is still not well understood. This review focuses on all currently known plant-based mechanisms related to Si supply and involved in amelioration of stress caused by excess metal(loid)s.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marek Vaculík
- Department of Plant Physiology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Comenius University in Bratislava, Bratislava, Ilkovicova 6, Bratislava, Slovakia
- Institute of Botany, Plant Science and Biodiversity Centre, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dubravska cesta 9, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Zuzana Lukačová
- Department of Plant Physiology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Comenius University in Bratislava, Bratislava, Ilkovicova 6, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Boris Bokor
- Department of Plant Physiology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Comenius University in Bratislava, Bratislava, Ilkovicova 6, Bratislava, Slovakia
- Comenius University Science Park, Ilkovicova 8, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Michal Martinka
- Department of Plant Physiology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Comenius University in Bratislava, Bratislava, Ilkovicova 6, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Durgesh Kumar Tripathi
- Amity Institute of Organic Agriculture, Amity University Uttar Pradesh, Sect 125, Noida, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Alexander Lux
- Department of Plant Physiology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Comenius University in Bratislava, Bratislava, Ilkovicova 6, Bratislava, Slovakia
- Institute of Chemistry, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dubravska cesta 9, Bratislava, Slovakia
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30
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Mandlik R, Thakral V, Raturi G, Shinde S, Nikolić M, Tripathi DK, Sonah H, Deshmukh R. Significance of silicon uptake, transport, and deposition in plants. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2020; 71:6703-6718. [PMID: 32592476 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/eraa301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2020] [Accepted: 06/20/2020] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Numerous studies have shown the beneficial effects of silicon (Si) for plant growth, particularly under stress conditions, and hence a detailed understanding of the mechanisms of its uptake, subsequent transport, and accumulation in different tissues is important. Here, we provide a thorough review of our current knowledge of how plants benefit from Si supplementation. The molecular mechanisms involved in Si transport are discussed and we highlight gaps in our knowledge, particularly with regards to xylem unloading and transport into heavily silicified cells. Silicification of tissues such as sclerenchyma, fibers, storage tissues, the epidermis, and vascular tissues are described. Silicon deposition in different cell types, tissues, and intercellular spaces that affect morphological and physiological properties associated with enhanced plant resilience under various biotic and abiotic stresses are addressed in detail. Most Si-derived benefits are the result of interference in physiological processes, modulation of stress responses, and biochemical interactions. A better understanding of the versatile roles of Si in plants requires more detailed knowledge of the specific mechanisms involved in its deposition in different tissues, at different developmental stages, and under different environmental conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rushil Mandlik
- National Agri-Food Biotechnology Institute (NABI), Mohali, Punjab, India
- Department of Biotechnology, Panjab University, Chandigarh, India
| | - Vandana Thakral
- National Agri-Food Biotechnology Institute (NABI), Mohali, Punjab, India
- Department of Biotechnology, Panjab University, Chandigarh, India
| | - Gaurav Raturi
- National Agri-Food Biotechnology Institute (NABI), Mohali, Punjab, India
- Department of Biotechnology, Panjab University, Chandigarh, India
| | - Suhas Shinde
- Department of Biology and Gus R. Douglass Institute, West Virginia State University, Institute, WV, USA
| | - Miroslav Nikolić
- Plant Nutrition Research Group, Institute for Multidisciplinary Research, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Durgesh K Tripathi
- Amity Institute of Organic Agriculture, Amity University Uttar Pradesh, Noida, UP, India
| | - Humira Sonah
- National Agri-Food Biotechnology Institute (NABI), Mohali, Punjab, India
| | - Rupesh Deshmukh
- National Agri-Food Biotechnology Institute (NABI), Mohali, Punjab, India
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31
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Singh A, Roychoudhury A. Silicon-regulated antioxidant and osmolyte defense and methylglyoxal detoxification functions co-ordinately in attenuating fluoride toxicity and conferring protection to rice seedlings. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2020; 154:758-769. [PMID: 32801080 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2020.06.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2020] [Revised: 06/12/2020] [Accepted: 06/12/2020] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
The objective of this manuscript was to demonstrate the efficacy of silicon supplementation in relieving the fluoride-induced damages in rice cultivar, Khitish. The exposure of seedlings to two different concentrations of fluoride, viz., 25 and 50 mg L-1 NaF caused increase in fluoride accumulation, as a result of which the seedlings suffered severe oxidative stress, as evident from growth inhibition, reduction in seed germination, tissue biomass, root and shoot length, decline in chlorophyll content, increases in electrolyte leakage, H2O2 content, lipid peroxidation (malondialdehyde content and lipoxygenase activity), protein carbonylation and protease activity. The extent of damage was more at higher fluoride concentration. Silicon amendment, irrespective of fluoride concentrations, led to large build-up of endogenous silicon level and brought considerable improvement in all the parameters examined with respect to fluoride stress. The fluoride-mediated enhancement in methylglyoxal level was lowered by silicon, because of the prominent activation of glyoxalase I and glyoxalase II. While the stress-mediated induction in antioxidative enzymes like GPOX, APX, SOD, GPX and GR was lowered by silicon, the inhibition in CAT activity was relieved. The antioxidative defense mechanism was also boosted up via enhanced content of total phenolics and carotenoids. However, the fluoride-mediated increase in anthocyanins, flavonoids, xanthophyll, ascorbate and reduced glutathione, and osmolytes like total amino acids, proline and glycine-betaine, were all lowered in presence of silicon, together with reduced PAL and P5CS activity. Overall, silicon reduced oxidative damages to develop fluoride-tolerant rice plants through augmentation of different antioxidant and osmolyte defense and methylglyoxal detoxification system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ankur Singh
- Department of Biotechnology, St. Xavier's College (Autonomous), 30, Mother Teresa Sarani, Kolkata, 700016, West Bengal, India
| | - Aryadeep Roychoudhury
- Department of Biotechnology, St. Xavier's College (Autonomous), 30, Mother Teresa Sarani, Kolkata, 700016, West Bengal, India.
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Kaya C, Akram NA, Ashraf M, Alyemeni MN, Ahmad P. Exogenously supplied silicon (Si) improves cadmium tolerance in pepper (Capsicum annuum L.) by up-regulating the synthesis of nitric oxide and hydrogen sulfide. J Biotechnol 2020; 316:35-45. [PMID: 32315687 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiotec.2020.04.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2020] [Revised: 03/29/2020] [Accepted: 04/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The current research was aimed to observe the interactive role of silicon-generated hydrogen sulfide (H2S) and nitric oxide (NO) on tolerance of pepper (Capsicum annum L.) plants to cadmium (Cd). Thus, the pepper plants were subjected to control (no Cd) or cadmium stress with and without Si supplementation. Significant decreases were found in plant dry weights, water potential, PSII maximum efficiency, glutathione (GSH), total chlorophyll, relative water content, Ca2+ and K+ concentrations and ascorbate, but there was a significant increase in H2O2, MDA, electron leakage (EL), proline, key antioxidant enzymes' activities, and endogenous Cd, NO and H2S in the Cd-stressed plants. Silicon enhanced Cd tolerance of the pepper plants by lowering the leaf Cd concentration, oxidative stress, enhancing the antioxidant defence system, leaf Si content, photosynthetic traits and plant growth as well as the contents of NO, proline and H2S. Furthermore, foliar-applied NO scavenger, cPTIO, and that of H2S, hypotaurine (HT), significantly decreased the levels of H2S alone, but cPTIO effectively reduced the concentrations of NO and H2S accumulated by Si in the Cd-stressed plants. The positive effect of Si was eliminated by cPTIO, but not by HT, suggesting that both molecules were involved in Si-induced improvement in Cd tolerance of the pepper plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cengiz Kaya
- Soil Science and Plant Nutrition Department, Harran University, Sanliurfa, Turkey
| | | | | | - Mohammed Nasser Alyemeni
- Botany and Microbiology Department, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Parvaiz Ahmad
- Botany and Microbiology Department, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia; Department of Botany, S.P. College Srinagar, Jammu and Kashmir, India.
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33
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Khan A, Bilal S, Khan AL, Imran M, Al-Harrasi A, Al-Rawahi A, Lee IJ. Silicon-mediated alleviation of combined salinity and cadmium stress in date palm (Phoenix dactylifera L.) by regulating physio-hormonal alteration. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2020; 188:109885. [PMID: 31704322 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2019.109885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2019] [Revised: 10/23/2019] [Accepted: 10/26/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
We investigated the physio-molecular effects of separate and combined cadmium (Cd; 200 μM) and salinity (NaCl; 100 mM) stress on date palm during silicon (Si; 1.0 mM) applications. The results showed that exogenous Si led to significant improvements in plant growth, as well as physiology when compared with non-Si-treated seedling under stressed (Cd/NaCl) conditions. Interestingly, Si application led to lower metal (Cd) uptake and enhanced plant macronutrient uptake under combined stress, in turn, alleviating the combined salinity- and Cd-induced oxidative stress by lowering the lipid peroxidation rate, and peroxidase and catalase activities. Furthermore, ascorbate peroxidase level and the cytosolic Cu/Zn superoxide dismutase expression were significantly enhanced by Si application under combined stress. We further analyzed the effect of Si on modulation of stress-related hormonal crosstalk. Si markedly downregulated endogenous salicylic acid, jasmonic acid, and abscisic acid under NaCl stress and combined NaCl-Cd stress. However, during Cd toxicity alone, Si showed varying accumulation of these phytohormones. The results suggest that hindering the Cd uptake and enhancing silicon accumulation ultimately led to improvement of biomass and efficiency of the antioxidant system for alleviating combined stress. Moreover, higher transcript accumulation of PROLINE TRANSPORTER 2 and GAPDH and downregulation of ABA RECEPTOR by Si treatment under combined stress in date palm seedlings indicate the stress-ameliorative role of Si. The study provides evidence of the positive influence of Si on alleviating the combined toxicity of Cd and NaCl in date palm and can be further extended for field trials in Cd- and salinity-affected areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adil Khan
- Natural & Medical Sciences Research Center, University of Nizwa, Nizwa, Oman
| | - Saqib Bilal
- School of Applied Biosciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, South Korea
| | - Abdul Latif Khan
- Natural & Medical Sciences Research Center, University of Nizwa, Nizwa, Oman.
| | - Muhammad Imran
- School of Applied Biosciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, South Korea
| | - Ahmed Al-Harrasi
- Natural & Medical Sciences Research Center, University of Nizwa, Nizwa, Oman.
| | - Ahmed Al-Rawahi
- Natural & Medical Sciences Research Center, University of Nizwa, Nizwa, Oman
| | - In-Jung Lee
- School of Applied Biosciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, South Korea.
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Kučerová D, Labancová E, Vivodová Z, Kollárová K. The modulation of ion homeostasis by silicon in cadmium treated poplar callus cells. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2020; 27:2857-2867. [PMID: 31836986 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-019-07054-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2019] [Accepted: 11/13/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
One of the major reasons why cadmium is toxic in plants is because it disturbs their nutrient balance. The aim of this work is to investigate the effects of cadmium (Cd) and/or silicon (Si) on the nutrient status of poplar callus cells after 3 and after 9 weeks of Cd exposure and to study its possible relationship with the changes in the fresh and dry mass, the plasma membrane integrity, and cadmium tolerance patterns. A principal component analysis (PCA) was performed to reveal the associations among the elements, and the variability between both treatments, and between the 3- and 9-week stages. Cadmium reduced the fresh and dry mass, the plasma membrane integrity, and the concentration of all nutrients except for P. After 9 weeks of exposure, the Cd concentration in callus cells had almost doubled, in spite of an improvement in all studied parameters. These changes may be due to the callus acclimatizing to the Cd stress. In the Cd + Si treatment, the fresh and dry mass, the plasma membrane integrity, and the concentration of nutrients, as well as the growth tolerance index, increased in comparison with the Cd treatment. We assumed that the enhancement in the plasma membrane integrity mediated by Si under Cd stress had caused the improvement in the uptake of nutrients and, consequently, the fresh and dry mass of callus cells had increased. The reduction in Cd concentration due to the Si impact also contributed to the increase in fresh and dry mass.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danica Kučerová
- Institute of Chemistry, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dúbravská cesta 9, 845 38, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Eva Labancová
- Institute of Chemistry, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dúbravská cesta 9, 845 38, Bratislava, Slovakia
- Institute of Botany, Plant Science and Biodiversity Centre, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dúbravská cesta 9, 845 23, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Zuzana Vivodová
- Institute of Chemistry, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dúbravská cesta 9, 845 38, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Karin Kollárová
- Institute of Chemistry, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dúbravská cesta 9, 845 38, Bratislava, Slovakia.
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Nawaz MA, Zakharenko AM, Zemchenko IV, Haider MS, Ali MA, Imtiaz M, Chung G, Tsatsakis A, Sun S, Golokhvast KS. Phytolith Formation in Plants: From Soil to Cell. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2019; 8:E249. [PMID: 31357485 PMCID: PMC6724085 DOI: 10.3390/plants8080249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2019] [Revised: 07/22/2019] [Accepted: 07/23/2019] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Silica is deposited extra- and intracellularly in plants in solid form, as phytoliths. Phytoliths have emerged as accepted taxonomic tools and proxies for reconstructing ancient flora, agricultural economies, environment, and climate. The discovery of silicon transporter genes has aided in the understanding of the mechanism of silicon transport and deposition within the plant body and reconstructing plant phylogeny that is based on the ability of plants to accumulate silica. However, a precise understanding of the process of silica deposition and the formation of phytoliths is still an enigma and the information regarding the proteins that are involved in plant biosilicification is still scarce. With the observation of various shapes and morphologies of phytoliths, it is essential to understand which factors control this mechanism. During the last two decades, significant research has been done in this regard and silicon research has expanded as an Earth-life science superdiscipline. We review and integrate the recent knowledge and concepts on the uptake and transport of silica and its deposition as phytoliths in plants. We also discuss how different factors define the shape, size, and chemistry of the phytoliths and how biosilicification evolved in plants. The role of channel-type and efflux silicon transporters, proline-rich proteins, and siliplant1 protein in transport and deposition of silica is presented. The role of phytoliths against biotic and abiotic stress, as mechanical barriers, and their use as taxonomic tools and proxies, is highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Amjad Nawaz
- Education and Scientific Center of Nanotechnology, Far Eastern Federal University, 690950 Vladivostok, Russia
| | | | | | - Muhammad Sajjad Haider
- Department of Forestry, College of Agriculture, University of Sargodha, 40100 Sargodha, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Amjad Ali
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of Agriculture, 38040 Faisalabad, Pakistan
- Center of Agricultural Biochemistry and Biotechnology (CABB), University of Agriculture, 38040 Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Imtiaz
- Soil and Environmental Biotechnology Division, National Institute for Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering, 38040 Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Gyuhwa Chung
- Department of Biotechnology, Chonnam National University, 59626 Yeosu-Si, Korea
| | - Aristides Tsatsakis
- Department of Toxicology and Forensics, School of Medicine, University of Crete, Heraklion GR-71003, Crete, Greece
| | - Sangmi Sun
- Department of Biotechnology, Chonnam National University, 59626 Yeosu-Si, Korea.
| | - Kirill Sergeyevich Golokhvast
- Education and Scientific Center of Nanotechnology, Far Eastern Federal University, 690950 Vladivostok, Russia.
- Pacific Geographical Institute, FEB RAS, 7 Radio street, Vladivostok 690014, Russia.
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Rehman MZU, Rizwan M, Rauf A, Ayub MA, Ali S, Qayyum MF, Waris AA, Naeem A, Sanaullah M. Split application of silicon in cadmium (Cd) spiked alkaline soil plays a vital role in decreasing Cd accumulation in rice (Oryza sativa L.) grains. CHEMOSPHERE 2019; 226:454-462. [PMID: 30951940 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2019.03.182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2019] [Revised: 03/21/2019] [Accepted: 03/28/2019] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Food contamination with cadmium (Cd) is a serious health threat to humans worldwide and Cd accumulation by rice is a major source of Cd entrance to the food chain. Silicon (Si) application decreases the Cd content in rice but the timing of Si application may need further investigation. The present study investigated the effect of split application of Si in the soil (600 kg/ha of Si) at different growth stages of rice on the growth and Cd accumulation by rice under Cd stress. Rice plants were grown in the presence and absence of Cd and Si was applied in the soil at different growth stages of rice under Cd stress. The results indicated that Cd stress alone reduced the growth and photosynthesis and increased the Cd content in different tissues and grains of rice. Silicon application improved the plant growth and reduced the Cd accumulation, translocation factor, and bioaccumulation factor in rice especially in grains, whereas the response of Si varied with the application of Si at different growth stages. The application of Si in three splits (transplanting (S1), tillering (S2), panicle initiation (S3)) was the best in improving growth and reducing Cd concentrations in plants compared to other combinations of Si application. Silicon application in three splits (S1+S2+S3) reduced the grain Cd concentrations below the threshold level (0.2 mg/kg) and reduced the Cd health risk index under the experimental conditions. Overall, split application of Si at three growth stages may function as remediator and diminishes Cd uptake into rice grains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Zia Ur Rehman
- Institute of Soil and Environmental Sciences, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, 38040, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Rizwan
- Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Government College University, Allama Iqbal Road, 38000, Faisalabad, Pakistan.
| | - Arslan Rauf
- Institute of Soil and Environmental Sciences, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, 38040, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Ashar Ayub
- Institute of Soil and Environmental Sciences, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, 38040, Pakistan
| | - Shafaqat Ali
- Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Government College University, Allama Iqbal Road, 38000, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Farooq Qayyum
- Department of Soil Science, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences and Technology, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan, Pakistan
| | - Aisha A Waris
- Institute of Soil and Environmental Sciences, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, 38040, Pakistan
| | - Asif Naeem
- Soil and Environmental Sciences Division, Nuclear Institute for Agriculture and Biology (NIAB), Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Sanaullah
- Institute of Soil and Environmental Sciences, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, 38040, Pakistan
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