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de Souza AV, Teixeira RR, Caixeta DC, Silva ATF, Gonçalves LCO, Giolo JS, Vilela DD, Peixoto LG, Magalhães-Neto AM, Maia YCP, Sabino-Silva R, Puga GM, Espindola FS. Salivary spectral signature using ATR-FTIR spectroscopy in different exercise protocols. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2024; 320:124599. [PMID: 38865886 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2024.124599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2024] [Revised: 05/23/2024] [Accepted: 06/03/2024] [Indexed: 06/14/2024]
Abstract
The Attenuated Total Reflectance Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (ATR-FTIR) has been applied to determine salivary biomarkers with high sensitivity and cost-effectiveness. Our study aimed to test the hypothesis that the spectral profile of saliva demonstrates distinct vibrational modes corresponding to different exercise protocols, thereby facilitating exercise monitoring. Saliva samples were collected from trained male subjects at three intervals: pre-exercise, post-exercise, and 3 h post-exercise. The protocols included acute sessions of continuous exercise (CE), high-intensity interval exercise (HIIE), and resistance exercise (RE). ATR-FTIR analysis revealed that salivary biochemical components changed uniquely with each exercise protocol. Specific spectral vibrational modes were identified as potential biomarkers for each exercise type. Notably, the salivary spectrum pattern of CE closely resembled that of HIIE, whereas RE showed minor alterations. Furthermore, we attempted to apply an algorithm capable of distinguishing the spectral range that differentiates the exercise modalities. This pioneering study is the first to compare changes in saliva spectra following different exercise protocols and to suggest spectrum peaks of vibrational modes as markers for specific types of exercises. We emphasize that the spectral wavenumbers identified by FTIR could serve as practical markers in distinguishing between different exercise modalities, with sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy correlating with the metabolic changes induced by exercise. Therefore, this study contributes a panel of ATR-FTIR spectral wavenumbers that can be referenced as a spectral signature capable of distinguishing between resistance and endurance exercises.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Douglas Carvalho Caixeta
- Department of Physiology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Federal University of Uberlandia, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | | | - Luis C O Gonçalves
- Institute of Biological and Health Sciences, Federal University of Mato Grosso (UFMT), Cuiabá, Brazil
| | - Jéssica Sanjulião Giolo
- Faculty of Physical Education and Physiotherapy, Federal University of Uberlandia, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | | | | | - Anibal M Magalhães-Neto
- Institute of Biological and Health Sciences, Federal University of Mato Grosso (UFMT), Cuiabá, Brazil
| | | | - Robinson Sabino-Silva
- Department of Physiology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Federal University of Uberlandia, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Guilherme Morais Puga
- Faculty of Physical Education and Physiotherapy, Federal University of Uberlandia, Minas Gerais, Brazil
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Jinakote M, Jeeratantorn P, Surapolchai L, Dornbunlon P, Yoysungnoen B, Kasiyaphat A. Effects of brisk walking with or without music on body composition, standing balance, cardiovascular parameters, and salivary biomarkers in older women. J Exerc Rehabil 2024; 20:100-111. [PMID: 38973979 PMCID: PMC11222065 DOI: 10.12965/jer.2448154.077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2024] [Revised: 04/06/2024] [Accepted: 04/10/2024] [Indexed: 07/09/2024] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to assess and compare changes in body composition, standing balance, cardiovascular parameters, and salivary biomarkers, particularly salivary antioxidant status, after brisk walking training with or without music in older women. Twenty-four subjects were randomly assigned to brisk walking groups: with music (BWM) (n=12) or without music (BW) (n=12). Eighteen subjects completed the exercise training (9 in each group), and their data were used for analysis. The research protocols were classified into three phases: pretraining phase, training phase, and posttraining phase, while the data collection was divided into four sessions: resting condition, during treadmill exercise testing, immediately posttreadmill exercise testing, and 5-min posttreadmill exercise testing defined as after the cool-down session. The results showed that 8 weeks of home-based brisk walking with or without music did not improve standing balance, blood pressure, salivary biomarkers including total protein concentration, and antioxidant status but maintained or prevented the decline of these parameters. Only the BWM group reduced fat mass relative to increasing fat-free mass (P<0.05) and improved recovery heart rate (P<0.05) by modifying cardiac autonomic control in posttreadmill exercise testing. Therefore, brisk walking with preferred music can be a tool to delay the progression of cardiovascular dysfunction in older women. A longer duration of the exercise program and larger groups of participants are needed for further investigation of brisk walking with or without music on physiological and biochemical changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Metee Jinakote
- School of Human Kinetics and Health, Faculty of Health Science Technology, Chulabhorn Royal Academy, Bangkok,
Thailand
| | - Punika Jeeratantorn
- School of Human Kinetics and Health, Faculty of Health Science Technology, Chulabhorn Royal Academy, Bangkok,
Thailand
| | - Lapol Surapolchai
- School of Human Kinetics and Health, Faculty of Health Science Technology, Chulabhorn Royal Academy, Bangkok,
Thailand
| | - Punkorn Dornbunlon
- School of Human Kinetics and Health, Faculty of Health Science Technology, Chulabhorn Royal Academy, Bangkok,
Thailand
| | - Bhornprom Yoysungnoen
- Division of Physiology, Department of Preclinical Science, Faculty of Medicine, Thammasat University, Pathum Thani,
Thailand
| | - Atchareeya Kasiyaphat
- School of Human Kinetics and Health, Faculty of Health Science Technology, Chulabhorn Royal Academy, Bangkok,
Thailand
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3
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Ovchinnikov AN, Paoli A. Saliva as a Diagnostic Tool for Early Detection of Exercise-Induced Oxidative Damage in Female Athletes. Biomedicines 2024; 12:1006. [PMID: 38790968 PMCID: PMC11118847 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines12051006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2024] [Revised: 04/17/2024] [Accepted: 04/24/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Although blood still remains the most commonly utilized medium to detect increased levels of oxidative damage induced by exercise, saliva diagnostics have gained increasing popularity due to their non-invasive nature and athlete-friendly collection process. Given that the contribution of various phases of the menstrual cycle to the levels of oxidative damage may differ, the aim of this study was to evaluate an agreement between salivary and plasmatic levels of lipid peroxidation products in female swimmers in both the follicular (F) and luteal (L) phases of the menstrual cycle at rest and following exercise. Twelve well-trained female swimmers aged 19.6 ± 1.1 years old were examined. We measured diene conjugates (DCs), triene conjugates (TCs), and Schiff bases (SBs) in lipids immediately after their extraction from both saliva and blood plasma. All female swimmers were studied two times each, in the two different phases of one menstrual cycle, before and after high-intensity interval exercise (HIIE). Salivary and plasmatic levels of DCs, TCs, and SBs significantly increased post-exercise compared to pre-exercise, in both the F and L phases. A high positive correlation was observed between the concentrations of DCs, TCs, and SBs in the saliva and blood plasma of participants in the F and L phases, both at rest and following HIIE. Ordinary least products regression analysis indicates that there was no proportional and differential bias in the data. The Bland-Altman method also declares that there was no differential bias, since the line of equality was within the 95% confidence interval of the mean difference between salivary and plasmatic levels of DCs, TCs, and SBs in female swimmers, in both the F and L phases, before and after HIIE. There was also no proportional bias in the Bland-Altman plots. Thus, this is the first study to report a high agreement between the quantifications of DCs, TCs, and SBs in the saliva and blood plasma of female swimmers in both the F and L phases, at rest and following HIIE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleksandr N. Ovchinnikov
- Laboratory of Non-Invasive Diagnostics in Sports, Department of Sports Medicine and Psychology, Lobachevsky University, 603022 Nizhny Novgorod, Russia
| | - Antonio Paoli
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padua, 35122 Padua, Italy;
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Fasipe B, Laher I. Nrf2 modulates the benefits of evening exercise in type 2 diabetes. SPORTS MEDICINE AND HEALTH SCIENCE 2023; 5:251-258. [PMID: 38314046 PMCID: PMC10831386 DOI: 10.1016/j.smhs.2023.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2023] [Revised: 08/31/2023] [Accepted: 09/05/2023] [Indexed: 02/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Exercise has well-characterized therapeutic benefits in the management of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Most of the beneficial effects of exercise arise from the impact of nuclear factor erythroid 2 related factor-2 (Nrf2) activation of glucose metabolism. Nrf2 is an essential controller of cellular anti-oxidative capacity and circadian rhythms. The circadian rhythm of Nrf2 is influenced by circadian genes on its expression, where the timing of exercise effects the activation of Nrf2 and the rhythmicity of Nrf2 and signaling, such that the timing of exercise has differential physiological effects. Exercise in the evening has beneficial effects on diabetes management, such as lowering of blood glucose and weight. The mechanisms responsible for these effects have not yet been associated with the influence of exercise on the circadian rhythm of Nrf2 activity. A better understanding of exercise-induced Nrf2 activation on Nrf2 rhythm and signaling can improve our appreciation of the distinct effects of morning and evening exercise. This review hypothesizes that activation of Nrf2 by exercise in the morning, when Nrf2 level is already at high levels, leads to hyperactivation and decrease in Nrf2 signaling, while activation of Nrf2 in the evening, when Nrf2 levels are at nadir levels, improves Nrf2 signaling and lowers blood glucose levels and increases fatty acid oxidation. Exploring the effects of Nrf2 activators on rhythmic signaling could also provide valuable insights into the optimal timing of their application, while also holding promise for timed treatment of type 2 diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Babatunde Fasipe
- Faculty of Basic Clinical Sciences, Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Bowen University, Iwo, Nigeria
| | - Ismail Laher
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Anesthesiology, Pharmacology and Therapeutics, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
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Jinakote M, Yoysungnoen B, Vaddhanaphuti CS, Kasiyaphat A. Combined effects of whole-body vibration and dynamic squats on cardiovascular and salivary biomarker responses in healthy adults. J Exerc Rehabil 2023; 19:280-292. [PMID: 37928824 PMCID: PMC10622938 DOI: 10.12965/jer.2346340.170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2023] [Accepted: 08/12/2023] [Indexed: 11/07/2023] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate the acute effects of combining whole-body vibration with dynamic squats on cardiovascular and salivary bio-marker responses in healthy adults. A randomized crossover design was conducted with 20 healthy adults. Each participant underwent three exercise sessions, with a 2-week washout period between each session. The sessions consisted of: (1) whole-body vibration (VB) at 25 Hz for 2 minutes, with an amplitude of 2 mm, and 2 minutes of rest between sets, for a total of 5 sets; (2) dynamic squats (SQ) performed 15 times within 2 minutes, with a 2-minute rest between sets, for a total of 5 sets; and (3) a combination of whole-body VB and SQ (VB+SQ). The cardiovascular variables and salivary biomarkers related to exercise intensity were assessed. Only the VB+SQ session significantly decreased the unstimulated salivary flow rate, and caused greater changes in heart rate, systolic blood pressure, mean arterial pressure, rate-pressure product, and heart rate variability compared to VB or SQ alone. Moreover, the VB+SQ session significantly increased the salivary total protein concentration from 0.56±0.05 mg/mL (baseline) to 0.74± 0.06 mg/mL (postexercise condition) and the salivary alpha-amylase activity from 33.83±5.56 U/mL (baseline) to 63.63±12.33 U/mL (postexercise condition) (P<0.05). These changes were recovered at 1-hr postexercise condition. Our findings provide information for designing exercise programs that incorporate VB+SQ to enhance hemodynamic and cardiac autonomic responses in healthy adults and for application during rehabilitation periods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Metee Jinakote
- School of Human Kinetics and Health, Faculty of Health Science Technology, Chulabhorn Royal Academy, Bangkok,
Thailand
| | - Bhornprom Yoysungnoen
- Division of Physiology, Department of Preclinical Science, Faculty of Medicine, Thammasat University, Pathum Thani,
Thailand
| | | | - Atchareeya Kasiyaphat
- School of Human Kinetics and Health, Faculty of Health Science Technology, Chulabhorn Royal Academy, Bangkok,
Thailand
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Dos Santos AB, Costa-Beber LC, de Pelegrin Basso EG, Donato YH, Sulzbacher MM, Sulzbacher LM, Ludwig MS, Heck TG. Moderate aerobic training is safe and improves glucose intolerance induced by the association of high fat diet and air pollution. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023; 30:1908-1918. [PMID: 35925459 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-22196-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2022] [Accepted: 07/20/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Obesity and exposure to fine particulate matter (PM2.5) are risk factors for insulin resistance, to which physical exercise is the most powerful non-pharmacological strategy. However, public concern over whether exercise could be protective in a polluted environment exists. Therefore, evaluating the possible benefits of exercise in polluted conditions in different contexts (age, gender, and cardiometabolic health) is imperative. In this sense, muscle plays a major role in maintaining glucose homeostasis, and its oxidative status is closely affected during exercise. This study tested whether moderate aerobic training could alleviate the metabolic and oxidative impairment in the gastrocnemius induced by the combination of a high-fat diet (HFD) and PM2.5 exposure. Female mice (B6129SF2/J) received HFD (58.3% of fat) or standard diet, intranasal instillation of 20 μg residual oil fly ash (ROFA: inorganic portion of PM2.5), or saline seven times per week for 19 weeks. In the 13th week, animals were submitted to moderate training or remained sedentary. Trained animals followed a progressive protocol for 6 weeks, ending at swimming with 5% body weight of workload for 60 min, while sedentary animals remained in shallow water. Aerobic moderate training attenuated weight gain and glucose intolerance and prevented muscle and pancreatic mass loss induced by a HFD plus ROFA exposure. Interestingly, a HFD combined with ROFA enhanced the catalase antioxidant activity, regardless of physical exercise. Therefore, our study highlights that, even in polluted conditions, moderate training is the most powerful non-pharmacological treatment for obesity and insulin resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Analú Bender Dos Santos
- Research Group in Physiology, Department of Life Sciences, Regional University of Northwestern State's Rio Grande Do Sul (UNIJUI), Rua do Comercio, 3000 - Bairro Universitario, Ijui, RS, 98700-000, Brazil
- Postgraduation Program in Integral Attention to Health (PPGAIS-UNIJUI/UNICRUZ), Ijui, RS, Brazil
| | - Lílian Corrêa Costa-Beber
- Research Group in Physiology, Department of Life Sciences, Regional University of Northwestern State's Rio Grande Do Sul (UNIJUI), Rua do Comercio, 3000 - Bairro Universitario, Ijui, RS, 98700-000, Brazil.
- Postgraduation Program in Integral Attention to Health (PPGAIS-UNIJUI/UNICRUZ), Ijui, RS, Brazil.
| | - Eloisa Gabriela de Pelegrin Basso
- Research Group in Physiology, Department of Life Sciences, Regional University of Northwestern State's Rio Grande Do Sul (UNIJUI), Rua do Comercio, 3000 - Bairro Universitario, Ijui, RS, 98700-000, Brazil
| | - Yohanna Hannah Donato
- Research Group in Physiology, Department of Life Sciences, Regional University of Northwestern State's Rio Grande Do Sul (UNIJUI), Rua do Comercio, 3000 - Bairro Universitario, Ijui, RS, 98700-000, Brazil
- Postgraduation Program in Integral Attention to Health (PPGAIS-UNIJUI/UNICRUZ), Ijui, RS, Brazil
| | - Maicon Machado Sulzbacher
- Research Group in Physiology, Department of Life Sciences, Regional University of Northwestern State's Rio Grande Do Sul (UNIJUI), Rua do Comercio, 3000 - Bairro Universitario, Ijui, RS, 98700-000, Brazil
- Postgraduation Program in Integral Attention to Health (PPGAIS-UNIJUI/UNICRUZ), Ijui, RS, Brazil
| | - Lucas Machado Sulzbacher
- Research Group in Physiology, Department of Life Sciences, Regional University of Northwestern State's Rio Grande Do Sul (UNIJUI), Rua do Comercio, 3000 - Bairro Universitario, Ijui, RS, 98700-000, Brazil
- Postgraduation Program in Integral Attention to Health (PPGAIS-UNIJUI/UNICRUZ), Ijui, RS, Brazil
| | - Mirna Stela Ludwig
- Research Group in Physiology, Department of Life Sciences, Regional University of Northwestern State's Rio Grande Do Sul (UNIJUI), Rua do Comercio, 3000 - Bairro Universitario, Ijui, RS, 98700-000, Brazil
- Postgraduation Program in Integral Attention to Health (PPGAIS-UNIJUI/UNICRUZ), Ijui, RS, Brazil
| | - Thiago Gomes Heck
- Research Group in Physiology, Department of Life Sciences, Regional University of Northwestern State's Rio Grande Do Sul (UNIJUI), Rua do Comercio, 3000 - Bairro Universitario, Ijui, RS, 98700-000, Brazil
- Postgraduation Program in Integral Attention to Health (PPGAIS-UNIJUI/UNICRUZ), Ijui, RS, Brazil
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da Silva ML, de Sousa Neto IV, de Lima ACGB, Barin F, de Toledo Nóbrega O, de Cássia Marqueti R, Cipriano GFB, Durigan JLQ, Ferreira EA, Bottaro M, Arena R, Cahalin LP, Neder JA, Junior GC. Effects of Home-Based Electrical Stimulation on Plasma Cytokines Profile, Redox Biomarkers, and Metalloproteinases in the Heart Failure with Reduced Ejection Fraction: A Randomized Trial. J Cardiovasc Dev Dis 2022; 9:jcdd9120463. [PMID: 36547460 PMCID: PMC9785395 DOI: 10.3390/jcdd9120463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2022] [Revised: 10/01/2022] [Accepted: 10/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Low-frequency electrical stimulation (LFES) is an adjuvant method for heart failure (HF) patients with restrictions to start an exercise. However, the impact on molecular changes in circulating is unknown. We investigated the effects of 10 weeks of home-based LFES on plasma cytokines profile, redox biomarkers, metalloproteinases (MMPs) activity, and exercise performance in HF patients. Methods: Twenty-four HF patients (52.45 ± 9.15 years) with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF) (EF < 40%), were randomly assigned to a home-based LFES or sham protocol. Plasma cytokines profile was assessed through interleukins, interferon-gamma, and tumor necrosis factor levels. Oxidative stress was evaluated through ferric reducing antioxidant power, thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances, and inducible nitric oxide synthase. The MMPs activity were analyzed by zymography. Cardiorespiratory capacity and muscle strength were evaluated by cardiopulmonary test and isokinetic. Results: LFES was able to increase the active-MMP2 activity post compared to pre-training (0.057 to 0.163, p = 0.0001), while it decreased the active-MMP9 (0.135 to 0.093, p = 0.02). However, it did not elicit changes in cytokines, redox biomarkers, or exercise performance (p > 0.05). Conclusion: LFES protocol is a promising intervention to modulate MMPs activity in HFrEF patients, although with limited functional effects. These preliminary responses may help the muscle to adapt to future mechanical demands dynamically.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marianne Lucena da Silva
- Rehabilitation Sciences and Health Sciences and Technologies Ph.D. Program, University of Brasilia (UnB), Campus Universitário, s/n, Centro Metropolitano, Brasilia 72220-275, DF, Brazil
- Health Sciences Academic Unit, Federal University of Jataí, Jataí 75801-615, GO, Brazil
| | - Ivo Vieira de Sousa Neto
- Rehabilitation Sciences and Health Sciences and Technologies Ph.D. Program, University of Brasilia (UnB), Campus Universitário, s/n, Centro Metropolitano, Brasilia 72220-275, DF, Brazil
| | - Alexandra C. G. B. de Lima
- Rehabilitation Sciences and Health Sciences and Technologies Ph.D. Program, University of Brasilia (UnB), Campus Universitário, s/n, Centro Metropolitano, Brasilia 72220-275, DF, Brazil
| | - Fabrício Barin
- Rehabilitation Sciences and Health Sciences and Technologies Ph.D. Program, University of Brasilia (UnB), Campus Universitário, s/n, Centro Metropolitano, Brasilia 72220-275, DF, Brazil
| | - Otávio de Toledo Nóbrega
- Department of Medicine, University of Brasilia (UnB), Campus Universitário Darcy Ribeiro, Asa Norte, Brasilia 70910-900, DF, Brazil
| | - Rita de Cássia Marqueti
- Rehabilitation Sciences and Health Sciences and Technologies Ph.D. Program, University of Brasilia (UnB), Campus Universitário, s/n, Centro Metropolitano, Brasilia 72220-275, DF, Brazil
| | - Graziella F. B. Cipriano
- Rehabilitation Sciences and Health Sciences and Technologies Ph.D. Program, University of Brasilia (UnB), Campus Universitário, s/n, Centro Metropolitano, Brasilia 72220-275, DF, Brazil
| | - João Luiz Quagliotti Durigan
- Rehabilitation Sciences and Health Sciences and Technologies Ph.D. Program, University of Brasilia (UnB), Campus Universitário, s/n, Centro Metropolitano, Brasilia 72220-275, DF, Brazil
| | - Eduardo Antônio Ferreira
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Brasilia (UnB), Campus Universitário, s/n, Centro Metropolitano, Brasilia 72220-275, DF, Brazil
| | - Martim Bottaro
- Department of Physical Education, University of Brasilia (UnB), Campus Universitário Darcy Ribeiro, Asa Norte, Brasilia 70910-900, DF, Brazil
| | - Ross Arena
- Department of Physical Therapy, University of Illinois, 1919 W Taylor St., Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| | - Larry P. Cahalin
- Department of Physical Therapy, Leonard M. Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, 5915 Ponce de Leon Blvd., 5th Floor, Coral Gables, FL 33101, USA
| | - José Alberto Neder
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine at the Queen’s University, Queen’s University & Kingston General Hospital, Etherington Hall, Rooms 3032-3043, 94 Stuart Street, Kingston, ON K7L 3N6, Canada
| | - Gerson Cipriano Junior
- Rehabilitation Sciences and Health Sciences and Technologies Ph.D. Program, University of Brasilia (UnB), Campus Universitário, s/n, Centro Metropolitano, Brasilia 72220-275, DF, Brazil
- Correspondence:
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8
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Borchers J, Merle CL, Schöneborn DD, Lyko LR, Thouet T, Wolfarth B, Kottmann T, Scheibenbogen C, Zimmer J, Diederich S, Bauer K, Sack U, Schmalz G, Ziebolz D, Wüstenfeld J. Salivary Diagnostic for Monitoring Strenuous Exercise-A Pilot Study in a Cohort of Male Ultramarathon Runners. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:16110. [PMID: 36498185 PMCID: PMC9737684 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph192316110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2022] [Revised: 11/22/2022] [Accepted: 11/24/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Intense physical stress, such as that in ultramarathon running, affects the immune system. For monitoring in sports medicine, non-invasive methods, e.g., salivary analysis, are of interest. This pilot cohort study aimed to assess changes in salivary parameters in response to an ultramarathon. The results were compared to blood parameters. Male, healthy finishers (n = 9, mean age: 48 ± 8.8 years, mean height: 1.8 ± 0.1 m, mean weight: 72.5 ± 7.2 kg, mean BMI: 23.5 ± 1.9 kg/cm²) of a 160 km ultramarathon were included. Saliva and blood samples were collected at three time points: T1 (baseline), T2 (shortly after the ultramarathon) and T3 (after recovery). In saliva, cortisol, testosterone, IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, TNF-α, albumin, IgA, α-amylase, aMMP-8, and neopterin were assessed via ELISA. In blood, cortisol, testosterone, IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, TNF-α, blood cell counts, procalcitonin, CRP, osmolality, albumin, and α-amylase were analyzed. The statistical evaluation comprised longitudinal testing and cross-sectional testing between saliva and blood using ratios of T2 and T3 to baseline values. Various parameters in saliva and blood changed in response to the ultramarathon. Comparing blood and saliva, the longitudinal changes of testosterone (p = 0.02) and α-amylase (p = 0.03) differed significantly. Despite the limitations of the study, it underlines that saliva is an interesting option for comprehensive monitoring in sports medicine and necessitates further studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Josephin Borchers
- Department of Cariology, Endodontology and Periodontology, University of Leipzig, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Cordula Leonie Merle
- Department of Prosthetic Dentistry, UKR University Hospital Regensburg, 93053 Regensburg, Germany
- Department of Cariology, Endodontology and Periodontology, University of Leipzig, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | | | - Lea Ronja Lyko
- Department of Sports Medicine, Charité University Medicine, 10115 Berlin, Germany
| | - Thomas Thouet
- Department of Sports Medicine, Charité University Medicine, 10115 Berlin, Germany
| | - Bernd Wolfarth
- Department of Sports Medicine, Charité University Medicine, 10115 Berlin, Germany
- Department of Sports Medicine, Institute for Applied Scientific Training, 04109 Leipzig, Germany
- Institute of Sports Science, Humboldt University, 10115 Berlin, Germany
| | | | - Carmen Scheibenbogen
- Institute for Medical Immunology, Charité University Medicine, 13353 Berlin, Germany
| | - Jeannot Zimmer
- SYNLAB Medizinisches Versorgungszentrum Berlin GmbH, 10828 Berlin, Germany
| | | | - Katrin Bauer
- Institute of Clinical Immunology, Medical Faculty, University of Leipzig, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Ulrich Sack
- Institute of Clinical Immunology, Medical Faculty, University of Leipzig, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Gerhard Schmalz
- Department of Cariology, Endodontology and Periodontology, University of Leipzig, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Dirk Ziebolz
- Department of Cariology, Endodontology and Periodontology, University of Leipzig, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Jan Wüstenfeld
- Department of Sports Medicine, Charité University Medicine, 10115 Berlin, Germany
- Department of Sports Medicine, Institute for Applied Scientific Training, 04109 Leipzig, Germany
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9
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Costa AR, Freire A, Parraca JA, Silva V, Tomas-Carus P, Villafaina S. Heart Rate Variability and Salivary Biomarkers Differences between Fibromyalgia and Healthy Participants after an Exercise Fatigue Protocol: An Experimental Study. Diagnostics (Basel) 2022; 12:diagnostics12092220. [PMID: 36140620 PMCID: PMC9497903 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics12092220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2022] [Revised: 08/31/2022] [Accepted: 09/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Previous studies showed that people with Fibromyalgia (FM) suffer from dysautonomia. Dysautonomia consists of persistent autonomic nervous system hyperactivity at rest and hyporeactivity during stressful situations. There is evidence that parameters reflecting the complex interplay between the autonomic nervous system and the cardiovascular system during exercise can provide significant prognostic information. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the differences between people with FM and healthy controls on heart rate variability (HRV) and salivary parameters (such as flow, protein concentration, enzymatic activities of amylase, catalase and glutathione peroxidase) in two moments: (1) at baseline, and (2) after an exercise fatigue protocol. A total of 37 participants, twenty-one were people with fibromyalgia and sixteen were healthy controls, participated in this cross-sectional study. HRV and salivary samples were collected before and after an exercise fatigue protocol. The fatigue protocol consisted of 20 repetitions of knee extensions and flexions of the dominant leg at 180 °·s−1 (degrees per second). Significant differences were found in the HRV (stress index, LF and HF variables) and salivary biomarkers (with a higher concentration of salivary amylase in people with FM compared to healthy controls). Exercise acute effects on HRV showed that people with FM did not significantly react to exercise. However, significant differences between baseline and post-exercise on HRV significantly induce alteration on the HRV of healthy controls. Catalase significantly increased after exercise in healthy controls whereas salivary flow significantly increased in women with FM after an exercise fatigue protocol. Our study suggests that a higher α-amylase activity and an impaired HRV can be used as possible biomarkers of fibromyalgia, associated with a reduction in salivary flow without changes in HRV and catalase activity after a fatigue exercise protocol. More studies should be carried out in the future to evaluate this hypothesis, in order to find diagnostic biomarkers in fibromyalgia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Rodrigues Costa
- Departamento de Ciências Médicas e da Saúde, Escola de Saúde e Desenvolvimento Humano, Universidade de Évora, 7004-516 Évora, Portugal
| | - Ana Freire
- Departamento de Ciências Médicas e da Saúde, Escola de Saúde e Desenvolvimento Humano, Universidade de Évora, 7004-516 Évora, Portugal
| | - Jose A. Parraca
- Departamento de Desporto e Saúde, Escola de Saúde e Desenvolvimento Humano, Universidade de Évora, 7004-516 Évora, Portugal
- Comprehensive Health Research Centre (CHRC), University of Évora, 7004-516 Évora, Portugal
- Correspondence:
| | - Vanda Silva
- Family Health Unit—Lusitania, Rua do Ferragial do Poço Novo, S/N, 7000-727 Évora, Portugal
| | - Pablo Tomas-Carus
- Departamento de Desporto e Saúde, Escola de Saúde e Desenvolvimento Humano, Universidade de Évora, 7004-516 Évora, Portugal
- Comprehensive Health Research Centre (CHRC), University of Évora, 7004-516 Évora, Portugal
| | - Santos Villafaina
- Departamento de Desporto e Saúde, Escola de Saúde e Desenvolvimento Humano, Universidade de Évora, 7004-516 Évora, Portugal
- Universidad de Extremadura, Facultad de Ciencias del Deporte, 10003 Cáceres, Spain
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The Relationship between Exercise and Salivary Oxidative Stress: A Systematic Review. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11081489. [PMID: 36009209 PMCID: PMC9405445 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11081489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2022] [Revised: 07/15/2022] [Accepted: 07/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Salivary content has been reported as a potential biomarker for oxidative stress assessments especially in context of exercise-induced oxidative stress. This systematic review following PRISMA guidelines aimed to evaluate the effects of physical exercise and changes promoted in oxidative stress identified in saliva. Methods: Studies published up to May 2022 were searched in online databases (PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, The Cochrane Library, LILACS, OpenGrey, and Google Scholar). Risk of bias evaluation were performed using the Quality Assessment Tool for Before-After (Pre-Post) Studies with No Control Group. Results: A total of 473 references were identified and 22 considered eligible. In this case 14 studies reported increase of antioxidant parameters in saliva while eight studies demonstrated increased lipid peroxidation after exercise. Regarding nitrite levels, two studies showed higher levels after exercise. The quality of evidence was very low due to high heterogeneity, inconsistency and indirectness among studies according Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development and Evaluation analysis. Conclusion: Increase of oxidative stress and antioxidant activity in saliva appears to be present after exercise, especially at moderate intensity. However, the wide variety of methods leads to divergent data. For precision in salivary assessments, new research with larger sample sizes and better participant matching are recommended.
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11
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Ovchinnikov AN, Paoli A, Seleznev VV, Deryugina AV. Royal jelly plus coenzyme Q10 supplementation improves high-intensity interval exercise performance via changes in plasmatic and salivary biomarkers of oxidative stress and muscle damage in swimmers: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled pilot trial. J Int Soc Sports Nutr 2022; 19:239-257. [PMID: 35813842 PMCID: PMC9261740 DOI: 10.1080/15502783.2022.2086015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Excessive production of free radicals caused by many types of exercise results in oxidative stress, which leads to muscle damage, fatigue, and impaired performance. Supplementation with royal jelly (RJ) or coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10) has been shown to attenuate exercise-induced oxidant stress in damaged muscle and improve various aspects of exercise performance in many but not all studies. Nevertheless, the effects of treatments based on RJ plus CoQ10 supplementation, which may be potentially beneficial for reducing oxidative stress and enhancing athletic performance, remain unexplored. This study aimed to examine whether oral RJ and CoQ10 co-supplementation could improve high-intensity interval exercise (HIIE) performance in swimmers, inhibiting exercise-induced oxidative stress and muscle damage. Methods Twenty high-level swimmers were randomly allocated to receive either 400 mg of RJ and 60 mg of CoQ10 (RJQ) or matching placebo (PLA) once daily for 10 days. Exercise performance was evaluated at baseline, and then reassessed at day 10 of intervention, using a HIIE protocol. Diene conjugates (DC), Schiff bases (SB), and creatine kinase (CK) were also measured in blood plasma and saliva before and immediately after HIIE in both groups. Results HIIE performance expressed as number of points according to a single assessment system developed and approved by the International Swimming Federation (FINA points) significantly improved in RJQ group (p = 0.013) compared to PLA group. Exercise-induced increase in DC, SB, and CK levels in plasma and saliva significantly diminished only in RJQ group (p < 0.05). Regression analysis showed that oral RJQ administration for 10 days was significantly associated with reductions in HIIE-induced increases in plasmatic and salivary DC, SB, and CK levels compared to PLA. Principal component analysis revealed that swimmers treated with RJQ are grouped by both plasmatic and salivary principal components (PC) into a separate cluster compared to PLA. Strong negative correlation between the number of FINA points and plasmatic and salivary PC1 values was observed in both intervention groups. Conclusion The improvements in swimmers’ HIIE performance were due in significant part to RJQ-induced reducing in lipid peroxidation and muscle damage in response to exercise. These findings suggest that RJQ supplementation for 10 days is potentially effective for enhancing HIIE performance and alleviating oxidant stress. Abbreviations RJ, royal jelly; CoQ10, coenzyme Q10; HIIE, high-intensity interval exercise; DC, diene conjugates; SB, Schiff bases; CK, creatine kinase; RJQ, royal jelly plus coenzyme Q10; PLA, placebo; FINA points, points according to a single assessment system developed and approved by the International Swimming Federation; ROS, reactive oxygen species; 10H2DA, 10-hydroxy-2-decenoic acid; AMPK, 5′-AMP-activated protein kinase; FoxO3, forkhead box O3; MnSOD, manganese-superoxide dismutase; CAT, catalase; E, optical densities; PCA, principal component analysis; PC, principal component; MCFAs, medium-chain fatty acids; CaMKKβ, Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase β; TBARS, thiobarbituric acid reactive substances; MDA, malondialdehyde.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleksandr N. Ovchinnikov
- Department of Sports Medicine and Psychology, Lobachevsky University, Nizhny Novgorod, Russia
- Laboratory of Integral Human Health, Lobachevsky University, Nizhny Novgorod, Russia
| | - Antonio Paoli
- Laboratory of Integral Human Health, Lobachevsky University, Nizhny Novgorod, Russia
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
| | - Vladislav V. Seleznev
- Department of Theory and Methodology of Sport Training, Lobachevsky University, Nizhny Novgorod, Russia
| | - Anna V. Deryugina
- Laboratory of Integral Human Health, Lobachevsky University, Nizhny Novgorod, Russia
- Department of Physiology and Anatomy, Lobachevsky University, Nizhny Novgorod, Russia
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12
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Ovchinnikov AN, Paoli A, Seleznev VV, Deryugina AV. Measurement of Lipid Peroxidation Products and Creatine Kinase in Blood Plasma and Saliva of Athletes at Rest and following Exercise. J Clin Med 2022; 11:jcm11113098. [PMID: 35683484 PMCID: PMC9181342 DOI: 10.3390/jcm11113098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2022] [Revised: 05/22/2022] [Accepted: 05/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to assess the agreement between quantitative measurements of plasmatic and salivary biomarkers capable of identifying oxidative stress and muscle damage in athletes at rest and following exercise. Thirty-nine high-level athletes participating in track and field (running), swimming or rowing were recruited and assigned to one of three groups depending on the sport. Each athlete group underwent its specific exercise. Blood and saliva samples were collected before and immediately after the exercise. Diene conjugates (DC), triene conjugates (TC), Schiff bases (SB), and creatine kinase (CK) were measured. Comparisons were made using Wilcoxon signed-rank test. Correlation analysis and Bland−Altman method were applied. DC levels were elevated in plasma (p < 0.01) and saliva (p < 0.01) in response to exercise in all three groups, as were the plasmatic (p < 0.01) and salivary (p < 0.01) TC and SB concentrations. CK activity was also significantly higher at postexercise compared to pre-exercise in both plasma (p < 0.01) and saliva (p < 0.01) in all groups. Strong positive correlation between salivary and plasmatic DC (p < 0.001), TC (p < 0.001), SB (p < 0.01), and CK (p < 0.001) was observed at rest and following exercise in each athlete group. The bias calculated for DC, TC, SB, and CK using the Bland−Altman statistics was not significant at both pre-exercise and postexercise in all three groups. The line of equality was within the confidence interval of the mean difference. All of the data points lay within the respective agreement limits. Salivary concentrations of DC, TC, SB, and CK are able to reliably reflect their plasma levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleksandr N. Ovchinnikov
- Department of Sports Medicine and Psychology, Lobachevsky University, 603022 Nizhny Novgorod, Russia
- Laboratory of Integral Human Health, Lobachevsky University, 603022 Nizhny Novgorod, Russia; (A.P.); (A.V.D.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Antonio Paoli
- Laboratory of Integral Human Health, Lobachevsky University, 603022 Nizhny Novgorod, Russia; (A.P.); (A.V.D.)
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, 35122 Padova, Italy
| | - Vladislav V. Seleznev
- Department of Theory and Methodology of Sport Training, Lobachevsky University, 603022 Nizhny Novgorod, Russia;
| | - Anna V. Deryugina
- Laboratory of Integral Human Health, Lobachevsky University, 603022 Nizhny Novgorod, Russia; (A.P.); (A.V.D.)
- Department of Physiology and Anatomy, Lobachevsky University, 603022 Nizhny Novgorod, Russia
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Córdova-Martínez A, Caballero-García A, Bello HJ, Pons-Biescas A, Noriega DC, Roche E. l-Arginine and Beetroot Extract Supplementation in the Prevention of Sarcopenia. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2022; 15:ph15030290. [PMID: 35337088 PMCID: PMC8954952 DOI: 10.3390/ph15030290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2022] [Revised: 02/19/2022] [Accepted: 02/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Aging is associated with a significant decline in neuromuscular function, leading to a reduction in muscle mass and strength. The aim of the present report was to evaluate the effect of supplementation with nitric oxide precursors (l-arginine and beetroot extract) in muscular function during a training period of 6 weeks in elderly men and women. The study (double-blind, placebo-controlled) involved 66 subjects randomly divided into three groups: placebo, arginine-supplemented and beetroot extract-supplemented. At the end of this period, no changes in anthropometric parameters were observed. Regarding other circulating parameters, urea levels were significantly (p < 0.05) lower in women of the beetroot-supplemented group (31.6 ± 5.9 mg/dL) compared to placebo (41.3 ± 8.5 mg/dL) after 6 weeks of training. In addition, the circulating creatine kinase activity, as an index of muscle functionality, was significantly (p < 0.05) higher in women of the arginine- (214.1 ± 162.2 mIU/L) compared to the beetroot-supplemented group (84.4 ± 36.8 mIU/L) at the end of intervention. No significant effects were noticed with l-arginine or beetroot extract supplementation regarding strength, endurance and SPPB index. Only beetroot extract supplementation improved physical fitness significantly (p < 0.05) in the sprint exercise in men after 6 weeks (2.33 ± 0.59 s) compared to the baseline (2.72 ± 0.41 s). In conclusion, beetroot seems to be more efficient during short-term training while supplementing, preserving muscle functionality in women (decreased levels of circulating creatine kinase) and with modest effects in men.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alfredo Córdova-Martínez
- Biochemistry, Molecular Biology and Physiology, Faculty of Health Sciences, GIR Physical Exercise and Aging, University of Valladolid, Campus Duques de Soria, 42004 Soria, Spain
- Correspondence: (A.C.-M.); (E.R.)
| | - Alberto Caballero-García
- Department of Anatomy and Radiology, Faculty of Health Sciences, GIR Physical Exercise and Aging, University of Valladolid, Campus Los Pajaritos, 42004 Soria, Spain;
| | - Hugo J. Bello
- Department of Mathematics, School of Forestry, Agronomy and Bioenergy Engineering, GIR Physical Exercise and Aging, University of Valladolid, Campus Los Pajaritos, 42004 Soria, Spain;
| | - Antoni Pons-Biescas
- Research Group on Community Nutrition and Oxidative Stress, University of Balearic Islands, 07122 Palma de Mallorca, Balearic Islands, Spain;
| | - David C. Noriega
- Department of Surgery, Ophthalmology, Otorhinolaryngology and Physiotherapy, Faculty of Medicine, Hospital Clínico Universitario de Valladolid, 03010 Valladolid, Spain;
| | - Enrique Roche
- Department of Mathematics, School of Forestry, Agronomy and Bioenergy Engineering, GIR Physical Exercise and Aging, University of Valladolid, Campus Los Pajaritos, 42004 Soria, Spain;
- Department of Applied Biology-Nutrition, Institute of Bioengineering, University Miguel Hernández, 03202 Elche, Spain
- Alicante Institute for Health and Biomedical Research (ISABIAL Foundation), 03010 Alicante, Spain
- CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Correspondence: (A.C.-M.); (E.R.)
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14
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Xu Y, Liang M, Ugbolue UC, Fekete G, Gu Y. Effect of Physical Exercise Under Different Intensity and Antioxidative Supplementation for Plasma Superoxide Dismutase in Healthy Adults: Systematic Review and Network Meta-Analysis. Front Physiol 2022; 13:707176. [PMID: 35185608 PMCID: PMC8850976 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2022.707176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2021] [Accepted: 01/14/2022] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The dynamic balance between oxidation and anti-oxidation in the body’s internal environment has a significant meaning for human health. Physical exercise and antioxidative supplementation could affect the balance of oxidation and anti-oxidation systems. The evidence on the effects of physical exercise and antioxidative supplementation is mixed. Aims To identify the effects of physical exercise, antioxidative supplementation, and their combination on the dynamic balance between oxidation and anti-oxidation in different subgroups of healthy adults. Methods All studies which reported randomized controlled trials with healthy participants were screened and included from the databases of PubMed, Medline, Embase, and Ovid. All participants were reclassified according to their different daily life activities. All physical exercise interventions were reclassified according to the intensity. The effect size would be calculated in percent or factor units from the mean level change with its associated random-effect variance. Result There were 27 studies included in this review. The agreement between authors by using The Cochrane Collaboration Risk of Bias Assessment Tool reached a kappa-value of 0.72. Maintaining a regular physical exercise routine in an appropriate intensity would be beneficial to the body’s anti-oxidative potential. Anti-oxidative supplementation could have some positive but limited effects on the body’s anti-oxidative status and complex interaction with physical exercise. Conclusion Keeping a regular physical exercise routine and gradually increasing its intensity according to the individual’s daily life activity might be a better choice to maintain and enhancing the body’s antioxidation potential, only using anti-oxidative supplementation is not recommended. More research is needed to explore the best combination protocol. Registration Number CRD42021241995.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yining Xu
- Faculty of Sports Science, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
| | - Minjun Liang
- Faculty of Sports Science, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
- *Correspondence: Minjun Liang,
| | - Ukadike C. Ugbolue
- School of Health & Life Sciences, University of the West of Scotland, South Lanarkshire, United Kingdom
- Ukadike C. Ugbolue,
| | - Gusztáv Fekete
- Savaria Institute of Technology, Eötvös Loránd University, Szombathely, Hungary
| | - Yaodong Gu
- Faculty of Sports Science, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
- School of Health & Life Sciences, University of the West of Scotland, South Lanarkshire, United Kingdom
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Ventura TMO, Santos KO, Braga AS, Thomassian LTG, Buzalaf MAR, Barbieri FA, Kalva-Filho CA, Faria MH, Magalhães AC. Salivary proteomic profile of young adults before and after the practice of interval exercise: preliminary results. SPORT SCIENCES FOR HEALTH 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s11332-021-00883-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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16
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Amaral AL, Mariano IM, Giolo JS, Dechichi JGC, Souza AVD, Batista JP, Souza TCFD, Caixeta DC, Peixoto LG, Teixeira RR, Espindola FS, Puga GM. Effects of combined exercise on salivary oxidative stress in hypertensive and normotensive postmenopausal women. MOTRIZ: REVISTA DE EDUCACAO FISICA 2022. [DOI: 10.1590/s1980-657420220012321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
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17
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Aidar FJ, Fraga GS, Getirana-Mota M, Marçal AC, Santos JL, de Souza RF, Ferreira ARP, Neves EB, Zanona ADF, Bulhões-Correia A, de Almeida-Neto PF, Fernandes TLB, Garrido ND, Cirilo-Sousa MDS, Merino-Fernández M, Díaz-de-Durana AL, Murawska-Ciałowicz E, Cabral BGDAT, Clemente FM. Effects of Ibuprofen Use on Lymphocyte Count and Oxidative Stress in Elite Paralympic Powerlifting. BIOLOGY 2021; 10:biology10100986. [PMID: 34681085 PMCID: PMC8533337 DOI: 10.3390/biology10100986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2021] [Revised: 09/12/2021] [Accepted: 09/23/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Simple Summary Paralympic Powerlifting (PP) is a strength sport and training tends to promote fatigue. Ten national-level PP athletes were evaluated concerning post-training oxidative stress using Ibuprofen and a placebo. Strength indicators were evaluated. The training consisted of five sets of five repetitions (80–90% 1-Repetition Maximum) in the bench press. The IBU had a positive effect on strength indicators, with decreased fatigue and increased lymphocyte count. There were no differences in oxidative stress. The use of IBU provided improvements in strength and fatigue reduction and did not protect against oxidative stress. Abstract Background: Paralympic Powerlifting (PP) training tends to promote fatigue and oxidative stress. Objective: To analyze the effects of ibuprofen use on performance and oxidative stress in post-training PP athletes. Methodology: Ten national level PP athletes (age: 27.13 ± 5.57) were analyzed for oxidative stress in post-training. The study was carried out in three weeks, (1) familiarization and (2 and 3) evaluated the recovery with the use of a placebo (PLA) and ibuprofen (IBU), 800 mg. The Peak Torque (PT), Torque Development Rate (TDR), Fatigue Index (FI), reactive substances to thiobarbituric acid (TBARS) and sulfhydryl groups (SH) were evaluated. The training consisted of five sets of five repetitions (80–90%) 1-Repetition Maximum (1-RM) in the bench press. Results: The IBU showed a higher PT (24 and 48 h, p = 0.04, ɳ2 p = 0.39), a lower FI (24 h, p = 0.01, ɳ2p = 0.74) and an increased lymphocyte count (p < 0.001; ɳ2p = 4.36). There was no change in oxidative stress. Conclusions: The use of IBU provided improvements in strength and did not protect against oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felipe J. Aidar
- Graduate Program of Physical Education, Federal University of Sergipe (UFS), São Cristovão 49100-000, Brazil; (G.S.F.); (M.G.-M.); (A.C.M.); (J.L.S.); (R.F.d.S.)
- Group of Studies and Research of Performance, Sport, Health and Paralympic Sports (GEPEPS), Federal University of Sergipe (UFS), São Cristovão 49100-000, Brazil
- Department of Physical Education, Federal University of Sergipe (UFS), São Cristovão 49100-000, Brazil
- Graduate Program of Physiological Science, Federal University of Sergipe (UFS), São Cristovão 49100-000, Brazil
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +55-(79)-99685-7777
| | - Guacira S. Fraga
- Graduate Program of Physical Education, Federal University of Sergipe (UFS), São Cristovão 49100-000, Brazil; (G.S.F.); (M.G.-M.); (A.C.M.); (J.L.S.); (R.F.d.S.)
| | - Márcio Getirana-Mota
- Graduate Program of Physical Education, Federal University of Sergipe (UFS), São Cristovão 49100-000, Brazil; (G.S.F.); (M.G.-M.); (A.C.M.); (J.L.S.); (R.F.d.S.)
- Group of Studies and Research of Performance, Sport, Health and Paralympic Sports (GEPEPS), Federal University of Sergipe (UFS), São Cristovão 49100-000, Brazil
| | - Anderson Carlos Marçal
- Graduate Program of Physical Education, Federal University of Sergipe (UFS), São Cristovão 49100-000, Brazil; (G.S.F.); (M.G.-M.); (A.C.M.); (J.L.S.); (R.F.d.S.)
- Group of Studies and Research of Performance, Sport, Health and Paralympic Sports (GEPEPS), Federal University of Sergipe (UFS), São Cristovão 49100-000, Brazil
| | - Jymmys L. Santos
- Graduate Program of Physical Education, Federal University of Sergipe (UFS), São Cristovão 49100-000, Brazil; (G.S.F.); (M.G.-M.); (A.C.M.); (J.L.S.); (R.F.d.S.)
- Group of Studies and Research of Performance, Sport, Health and Paralympic Sports (GEPEPS), Federal University of Sergipe (UFS), São Cristovão 49100-000, Brazil
| | - Raphael Fabricio de Souza
- Graduate Program of Physical Education, Federal University of Sergipe (UFS), São Cristovão 49100-000, Brazil; (G.S.F.); (M.G.-M.); (A.C.M.); (J.L.S.); (R.F.d.S.)
- Group of Studies and Research of Performance, Sport, Health and Paralympic Sports (GEPEPS), Federal University of Sergipe (UFS), São Cristovão 49100-000, Brazil
- Department of Physical Education, Federal University of Sergipe (UFS), São Cristovão 49100-000, Brazil
| | | | - Eduardo Borba Neves
- Graduate Program in Biomedical Engineering, Federal Technological University of Paraná (UTFPR), Curitiba 80230-901, Brazil;
| | | | - Alexandre Bulhões-Correia
- Department of Physical Education, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal 59064-741, Brazil; (A.B.-C.); (P.F.d.A.-N.); (B.G.d.A.T.C.)
| | - Paulo Francisco de Almeida-Neto
- Department of Physical Education, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal 59064-741, Brazil; (A.B.-C.); (P.F.d.A.-N.); (B.G.d.A.T.C.)
| | - Tulio Luiz Banja Fernandes
- Institute of Physical Education and Sport, Federal University of Ceará (UFC), Fortaleza 60020-181, Brazil;
| | - Nuno Domingos Garrido
- Research Center in Sports Sciences, Health Sciences and Human Development (CIDESD), University of Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro, 5001-801 Vila Real, Portugal;
| | - Maria do Socorro Cirilo-Sousa
- Graduate Program Association of Physical Education, Federal University of Paraíba (UFPB), João Pessoa 58051-900, Brazil;
- Department of Physical Education, Regional of University (URCA), Crato 63105-010, Brazil
| | - María Merino-Fernández
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Universidad Francisco de Vitoria (UFV), 28223 Madrid, Spain;
| | - Alfonso López Díaz-de-Durana
- Sports Department, Physical Activity and Sports Faculty-INEF, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain;
| | - Eugenia Murawska-Ciałowicz
- Physiology and Biochemistry Department, University School of Physical Education, 51-612 Wroclaw, Poland;
| | | | - Filipe Manuel Clemente
- Escola Superior Desporto e Lazer, Instituto Politécnico de Viana do Castelo, Rua Escola Industrial e Comercial de Nun’Álvares, 4900-347 Viana do Castelo, Portugal;
- Instituto de Telecomunicações, Delegação da Covilhã, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal
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Martins BR, Sampaio TM, de Farias AKSR, de Paula Martins R, Teixeira RR, Oliveira RTS, Oliveira CJF, da Silva MV, Rodrigues V, Dantas NO, Espindola FS, Silva ACA, Alves-Balvedi RP. Immunosensor Based on Zinc Oxide Nanocrystals Decorated with Copper for the Electrochemical Detection of Human Salivary Alpha-Amylase. MICROMACHINES 2021; 12:657. [PMID: 34204953 PMCID: PMC8229992 DOI: 10.3390/mi12060657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2021] [Revised: 05/28/2021] [Accepted: 05/31/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
(1) Background: Nanocrystals (NCs)-based electrochemical sensors have been proposed for biomarkers detection, although immunosensors using ZnO NCs decorated with copper are still scarce. (2) Methods: Electrochemical immunodetection of human salivary alpha-amylase (HSA) used ZnO, CuO, and ZnO:xCu (x = 0.1, 0.4, 1.0, 4.0, and 12.0) NCs. (3) Results: Substitutional incorporation of Cu2+ in the crystalline structure of ZnO and formation of nanocomposite were demonstrated by characterization. Graphite electrodes were used and the electrochemical signal increased by 40% when using ZnO:1Cu and 4Cu (0.25 mg·mL-1), in an immunosensor (0.372 mg·mL-1 of anti-alpha-amylase and 1% of casein). Different interactions of HSA with the alpha-amylase antibody were registered when adding the NCs together, either before or after the addition of saliva (4 μL). The immunosensor changed specificity due to the interaction of copper. The ZnO:1Cu and ZnO:4Cu samples showed 50% interference in detection when used before the addition of saliva. The immunosensor showed 100% specificity and a sensitivity of 0.00196 U·mL-1. (4) Conclusions: Results showed that the order of NCs addition in the sensors should be tested and evaluated to avoid misinterpretation in detection and to enable advances in the validation of the immunosensor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beatriz Rodrigues Martins
- Physiological Science, Federal University of Triangulo Mineiro, Uberaba, MG 38025-180, Brazil; (B.R.M.); (R.d.P.M.); (R.T.S.O.J.); (C.J.F.O.); (M.V.d.S.); (V.R.J.)
| | - Tainá Marques Sampaio
- Biological Science, Federal University of Triangulo Mineiro, Iturama, MG 38280-180, Brazil; (T.M.S.); (A.K.S.R.d.F.)
| | | | - Rheltheer de Paula Martins
- Physiological Science, Federal University of Triangulo Mineiro, Uberaba, MG 38025-180, Brazil; (B.R.M.); (R.d.P.M.); (R.T.S.O.J.); (C.J.F.O.); (M.V.d.S.); (V.R.J.)
| | - Renata Roland Teixeira
- Institute of Biotechnology, Federal University of Uberlandia, Uberlandia, MG 38405-319, Brazil; (R.R.T.); (F.S.E.)
| | - Robson Tadeu Soares Oliveira
- Physiological Science, Federal University of Triangulo Mineiro, Uberaba, MG 38025-180, Brazil; (B.R.M.); (R.d.P.M.); (R.T.S.O.J.); (C.J.F.O.); (M.V.d.S.); (V.R.J.)
| | - Carlo Jose Freire Oliveira
- Physiological Science, Federal University of Triangulo Mineiro, Uberaba, MG 38025-180, Brazil; (B.R.M.); (R.d.P.M.); (R.T.S.O.J.); (C.J.F.O.); (M.V.d.S.); (V.R.J.)
| | - Marcos Vinícius da Silva
- Physiological Science, Federal University of Triangulo Mineiro, Uberaba, MG 38025-180, Brazil; (B.R.M.); (R.d.P.M.); (R.T.S.O.J.); (C.J.F.O.); (M.V.d.S.); (V.R.J.)
| | - Virmondes Rodrigues
- Physiological Science, Federal University of Triangulo Mineiro, Uberaba, MG 38025-180, Brazil; (B.R.M.); (R.d.P.M.); (R.T.S.O.J.); (C.J.F.O.); (M.V.d.S.); (V.R.J.)
| | - Noelio Oliveira Dantas
- Laboratory of New Nanostructured and Functional Materials, Institute of Physics, Federal University of Alagoas, Maceió, AL 57072-900, Brazil; (N.O.D.); (A.C.A.S.)
| | - Foued Salmen Espindola
- Institute of Biotechnology, Federal University of Uberlandia, Uberlandia, MG 38405-319, Brazil; (R.R.T.); (F.S.E.)
| | - Anielle Christine Almeida Silva
- Laboratory of New Nanostructured and Functional Materials, Institute of Physics, Federal University of Alagoas, Maceió, AL 57072-900, Brazil; (N.O.D.); (A.C.A.S.)
- Rede Nordeste de Biotecnologia (RENORBIO), Federal University of Alagoas, Maceió, AL 57072-900, Brazil
| | - Renata Pereira Alves-Balvedi
- Physiological Science, Federal University of Triangulo Mineiro, Uberaba, MG 38025-180, Brazil; (B.R.M.); (R.d.P.M.); (R.T.S.O.J.); (C.J.F.O.); (M.V.d.S.); (V.R.J.)
- Biological Science, Federal University of Triangulo Mineiro, Iturama, MG 38280-180, Brazil; (T.M.S.); (A.K.S.R.d.F.)
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19
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Takemura A, Eda N, Saito T, Shimizu K. Mild hyperbaric oxygen for the early improvement of mood disturbance induced by high-intensity exercise. J Sports Med Phys Fitness 2021; 62:250-257. [PMID: 33969955 DOI: 10.23736/s0022-4707.21.11971-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Excessive training stress can result in decreased performance and deep fatigue due to hormonal changes. There are few available data on recovery methods for mood disturbance, especially fatigue, after high-intensity training. This study, therefore, aimed to examine the effects of mild hyperbaric oxygen at 1.3 atmospheres absolute with 31% oxygen on mood disturbance induced by high-intensity exercises. METHODS Ten healthy adult men participated in and completed 2 trials: the control (CON) trial and the mild hyperbaric oxygen (MHO) trial. In a randomized crossover design, each subject cycled for 60 min at the physical work capacity at 75% of their maximal heart rate and were subsequently exposed to the CON and MHO conditions for 60 min as the recovery period. RESULTS During the 20 to 40 min recovery time points, the average change ratio of heart rates was lower in the MHO trial than in CON (p < 0.05). We observed that the fatigue-inertia, tension-anxiety, and total mood disturbance Profile of Mood States (POMS) scores decreased 60 min post-exercise in the MHO trial, but no differences of these score were observed in the CON trial. There were no differences in oxidative stress, derived-reactive oxygen metabolites, and biological antioxidant potential between both trials. These results suggest that impaired mood states induced by high-intensity exercise can be improved early by MHO without any changes in oxidative stress. This improvement may be associated with decreased heart rate secondary to MHO exposure after the high intensity exercise. CONCLUSIONS We conclude that MHO can improve mood disturbances, especially in the fatigue-inertia and tension-anxiety domains, after high-intensity exercise. This study suggest that MHO is potentially an effective recovery method for mood states after high-intensity training.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ai Takemura
- Department of Sports Research, Japan Institute of Sport Sciences, Kita-ku, Tokyo, Japan - .,Department of Sports Sciences, Graduate School of Arts and Sciences, Tokyo University, Meguro-ku, Tokyo, Japan -
| | - Nobuhiko Eda
- Department of Sports Research, Japan Institute of Sport Sciences, Kita-ku, Tokyo, Japan.,Department of Fundamental Education, Premedical Sciences, Dokkyo Medical University, Shimotsuga, Tochigi, Japan
| | - Tatsuya Saito
- Department of Sports Science, Japan Institute of Sport Sciences, Kita-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kazuhiro Shimizu
- Department of Sports Research, Japan Institute of Sport Sciences, Kita-ku, Tokyo, Japan
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20
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Antioxidant Responses in Hypertensive Postmenopausal Women after Acute Beetroot Juice Ingestion and Aerobic Exercise: Double Blind and Placebo-Controlled Crossover Trial. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2021. [DOI: 10.1155/2021/5579864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
This study is aimed to analyze the effect of different nitrate concentrations [NO3-] present in beetroot juice (BJ) on salivary oxidative stress markers after acute exercise performance in hypertensive postmenopausal women. Thirteen hypertensive postmenopausal women participated in three experimental sessions, taking different beverages: noncaloric orange flavored drink (OFD), low nitrate (low-NO3-) BJ, and high nitrate (high-NO3-) BJ. The participants performed aerobic exercise on a treadmill, at 65–70% of heart rate reserve (HRR), for 40 min. Saliva samples were collected after an overnight fast, 10 minutes before BJ ingestion at 7 : 20 am (0
), 120 minutes after beverages ingestion (130
), immediately after exercise (170
), and 90 min after exercise (260
). Salivary total protein (TP), catalase activity (CAT), reduced glutathione (GSH), and total antioxidant capacity by ferric-reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) concentrations were analyzed. No interaction (session
time) was found among three sessions over time. Catalase area under the curve (AUC) was lower after both low-NO3- and high-NO3- consumption (
), and GSH AUC was lower after high-NO3- (
) compared with OFD. So, the acute intake of BJ with aerobic exercise seems to decrease catalase (in high-NO3- and low-NO3-) and GSH (in high-NO3-), besides not interfering with FRAP in hypertensive postmenopausal women.
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21
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Gawron-Skarbek A, Chrzczanowicz J, Nowak D, Gawor R, Kostka T. Effects of two different types of single exercise modes on salivary C-reactive protein concentration, oxidative stress and antioxidant capacity in post-myocardial infarction patients. Redox Rep 2021; 26:29-34. [PMID: 33616017 PMCID: PMC7901704 DOI: 10.1080/13510002.2021.1890516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives The aim of the study was to determine the effects of two different types of single cardiac rehabilitation (CR) exercise modes on the inflammation status, oxidative stress and total antioxidant capacity (TAC) of saliva. Methods The study involved two groups of CR patients: group A (n = 21) used a cycloergometer, and group B (n = 21) received breathing and balance exercises. C-reactive protein as an inflammatory biomarker, malondialdehyde (MDA) as a measure of the level of oxidative stress and salivary 2.2-diphenyl-1-picryl-hydrazyl (DPPH) as an index of TAC were performed twice: before the beginning of the CR exercise (pre-CR) and immediately after (post-CR). Results No significant changes were observed for the inflammatory response of saliva after CR exercise regardless of its type. MDA decreased (pre-CR: 39.7 ± 101.9 vs. post-CR: 16.8 ± 44.3 ng·mL−1; p < 0.01) and DPPH increased (pre-CR: 25.9 ± 16.7 vs. post-CR: 32.6 ± 14.0% reduction; p < 0.05) after CR exercise in the group B, with similar but not statistically significant changes in the group A. Discussion Two popular exercise modes, especially breathing and balance exercises, reduce salivary oxidative stress and enhance the antioxidant potential of saliva in CR patients. The approval of saliva as a non-invasive source of information about inflammation status, oxidative stress and antioxidant capacity in cardiac patients requires further studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Gawron-Skarbek
- Department of Hygiene and Health Promotion, Medical University of Lodz, Łódź, Poland
| | | | - Dariusz Nowak
- Department of Clinical Physiology, Medical University of Lodz, Łódź, Poland
| | - Rafał Gawor
- Cardiac Rehabilitation Centre, Copernicus Memorial Hospital, Łódź, Poland
| | - Tomasz Kostka
- Department of Geriatrics, Medical University of Lodz, Łódź, Poland
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22
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Nobari H, Nejad HA, Kargarfard M, Mohseni S, Suzuki K, Carmelo Adsuar J, Pérez-Gómez J. The Effect of Acute Intense Exercise on Activity of Antioxidant Enzymes in Smokers and Non-Smokers. Biomolecules 2021; 11:biom11020171. [PMID: 33513978 PMCID: PMC7910903 DOI: 10.3390/biom11020171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2020] [Revised: 01/25/2021] [Accepted: 01/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Acute intense exercise causes significant oxidative stress and consequently an increase in total antioxidant capacity; however, the mechanisms and combined effects of intense exercise and smoking on oxidative stress among active and non-active smokers are not clear. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of acute intense exercise on antioxidant enzyme activity responses in active and non-active individuals exposed to cigarette smoke. The study included 40 subjects who were equally classified as: smokers that did exercise (SE), smokers that did not do exercise (SnE), non-smokers that did exercise (NSE), and non-smokers that did not do exercise (NSnE). The adjusted Astrand test was used to exhaust the subjects. Salivary enzymes of peroxidase (POX), catalase (CAT), and superoxide dismutase (SOD) were measured, by spectrophotometry methods, at 3 different time points: pre-test (TP1), post-test (TP2), and one hour after finishing the test (TP3). Significant (p < 0.05) group x time interactions were found for the three enzymes. Salivary POX, CAT and SOD increased in all groups from TP1 to TP2 and decreased from TP2 to TP3. Only the NSE showed a significant difference between TP1 to TP3 in POX and SOD by +0.011 ± 0.007 and +0.075 ± 0.020 (U/mL), respectively. The NSE showed significantly higher activity of POX, CAT and SOD in TP2 compared to the other groups. Furthermore, NSE and NSnE had higher activity of POX, CAT and SOD in TP1 and TP3 (p < 0.05) compared with SE and SnE. Only in the NSnE, were no differences observed in CAT compared with SE and SnE in TP3. These results showed that the antioxidant activity at rest and in the recovery time after the acute intense exercise was lower in SE and SnE compared with NSE and NSnE, suggesting that smoking habit may reduce the ameliorating effect of regular physical activity on acute exercise-induced oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hadi Nobari
- Department of Exercise Physiology, Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Isfahan, Isfahan 81746-7344, Iran;
- HEME Research Group, Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Extremadura, 10003 Cáceres, Spain; (J.C.A.); (J.P.-G.)
- Correspondence: (H.N.); (K.S.)
| | - Hamzeh Abdi Nejad
- Department of Exercise Physiology, University of Guilan, Rasht 4199843653, Iran;
| | - Mehdi Kargarfard
- Department of Exercise Physiology, Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Isfahan, Isfahan 81746-7344, Iran;
| | - Soghra Mohseni
- Department of Exercise Physiology, Faculty of Sport Sciences, Kharazmi University, Tehran 14911-15719, Iran;
| | - Katsuhiko Suzuki
- Faculty of Sport Sciences, Waseda University, Saitama 359-1192, Japan
- Correspondence: (H.N.); (K.S.)
| | - José Carmelo Adsuar
- HEME Research Group, Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Extremadura, 10003 Cáceres, Spain; (J.C.A.); (J.P.-G.)
| | - Jorge Pérez-Gómez
- HEME Research Group, Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Extremadura, 10003 Cáceres, Spain; (J.C.A.); (J.P.-G.)
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Changes in Markers of Oxidative Stress and α-Amylase in Saliva of Children Associated with a Tennis Competition. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 17:ijerph17176269. [PMID: 32872210 PMCID: PMC7503412 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17176269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2020] [Revised: 08/05/2020] [Accepted: 08/25/2020] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
The purpose of this paper was to analyze the changes caused by a one-day tennis tournament in biomarkers of oxidative stress and α-amylase in saliva in children. The sample was 20 male active children with the following characteristics: (a) age of players = 9.46 ± 0.66 years; (b) weight = 34.8 ± 6.5 kg; (c) height = 136.0 ± 7.9 cm; (d) mean weekly training tennis = 2.9 ± 1.0 h. The tennis competition ran for one day, with four matches for each player. Data were taken from the average duration per match and the rating of perceived exertion (RPE). Four biomarkers of antioxidant status: uric acid (AU), Trolox equivalent antioxidant capacity (TEAC), ferric reducing ability of saliva (FRAS, cupric reducing antioxidant capacity (CUPRAC) and salivary alpha-amylase (sAA) as a biomarker of psychological stress were measured in saliva. The time points were baseline (at home before the tournament), pre-competition (immediately before the first match) and post-match (after each match) measurements. The four biomarkers of antioxidant status showed a similar dynamic with lower values at baseline and a progressive increase during the four matches. Overall one-day tennis competition in children showed a tendency to increase antioxidant biomarkers in saliva. In addition, there was an increase in pre-competition sAA possibly associated with psychological stress. Further studies about the possible physiological implications of these findings should be performed in the future.
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Souissi W, Bouzid MA, Farjallah MA, Ben Mahmoud L, Boudaya M, Engel FA, Sahnoun Z. Effect of Different Running Exercise Modalities on Post-Exercise Oxidative Stress Markers in Trained Athletes. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 17:E3729. [PMID: 32466187 PMCID: PMC7277356 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17103729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2020] [Revised: 04/28/2020] [Accepted: 05/02/2020] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to examine the effect of running exercise modality on oxidative stress. Thirteen endurance athletes (age: 21.46 ± 0.66 years) performed three different running exercise modalities (Continuous running exercise (CR): continuous running exercise at 75% of VO2max for 25 min; intermittent running exercise #1 (15/15): intermittent running protocol, 15 s running at 75% of VO2max, 15 s passive recovery, performed for 50 min; intermittent running exercise #2 (30/30): intermittent running protocol, 30 s running at 75% of VO2max, 30 s passive recovery, performed for 50 min) in a randomized order. Blood samples were drawn at rest and immediately after each running exercise and assessed for malondialdehyde (MDA), advanced oxidation protein products (AOPP), superoxide dismutase(SOD), and glutathione peroxidase (GPX) activities. MDA increased by 55% following 30/30 exercise (p < 0.01), while it remained unchanged with CR and15/15 exercise. SOD increased after CR (+13.9%, p < 0.05), and also remained unchanged after 15/15 (p > 0.05) and decreased after 30/30 (-19.7% p < 0.05). GPX and AOPP did not change after exercise in all experimental sessions (p > 0.05). In conclusion, 30/30 intermittent running induced higher lipid damages than the 15/15 and CR exercise. 15/15 intermittent exercise promoted a better balance between free radicals production and antioxidant defense compared to continuous exercise and intermittent 30/30 exercise.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wajdi Souissi
- Research Laboratory: Education, Motricité, Sport et Santé, EM2S, LR19JS01, High Institute of Sport and Physical Education, University of Sfax, Sfax 3000, Tunisia; (W.S.); (M.A.B.); (M.A.F.)
- Research Center on Sport and Movement (Centre de Recherchessur le Sport et le Mouvement, CeRSM), UPL, Université Paris Nanterre, UFR STAPS, F-92000 Nanterre, France
| | - Mohamed Amine Bouzid
- Research Laboratory: Education, Motricité, Sport et Santé, EM2S, LR19JS01, High Institute of Sport and Physical Education, University of Sfax, Sfax 3000, Tunisia; (W.S.); (M.A.B.); (M.A.F.)
| | - Mohamed Amine Farjallah
- Research Laboratory: Education, Motricité, Sport et Santé, EM2S, LR19JS01, High Institute of Sport and Physical Education, University of Sfax, Sfax 3000, Tunisia; (W.S.); (M.A.B.); (M.A.F.)
| | - Lobna Ben Mahmoud
- Pharmacology Department, Faculty of Medicine, University of Sfax, Sfax 3000, Tunisia; (L.B.M.); (Z.S.)
| | - Mariem Boudaya
- Biochemistry Laboratory, CHU HediChaker, University of Sfax, Sfax 3000, Tunisia;
| | - Florian A. Engel
- Institute of Sport and Sport Science, Heidelberg University, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
- Department of Sport Science, Bundeswehr University Munich, 85577 Neubiberg, Germany
| | - Zouheir Sahnoun
- Pharmacology Department, Faculty of Medicine, University of Sfax, Sfax 3000, Tunisia; (L.B.M.); (Z.S.)
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Pearson W, Guazzelli Pezzali J, Antunes Donadelli R, Wagner A, Buff P. The Time Course of Inflammatory Biomarkers Following a One-Hour Exercise Bout in Canines: A Pilot Study. Animals (Basel) 2020; 10:ani10030486. [PMID: 32183167 PMCID: PMC7143319 DOI: 10.3390/ani10030486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2020] [Revised: 03/03/2020] [Accepted: 03/10/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary The purpose of this study is to generate preliminary data on the inflammatory effects of an hour of hunting in dogs. Four basset hounds were set out to find a scent and freely adopted running or walking over wooded terrain for one hour. Blood samples were obtained before exercise and 1, 2, 4, 6, and 10 h after the end of the exercise for analysis of markers of inflammation (prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), nitric oxide (NO), interleukin 1β (IL-1β)), tumour necrosis factor-α (TNF-α)), and inflammation resolution (resolvin D1 (RvD1)). There was an increase in inflammation one hour after the exercise, shown by a significant increase in PGE2. Following the peak, PGE2 steadily declined at the same time as RvD1 increased, with RvD1 peaking at six hours. This pilot study provides evidence that dogs that undergo an hour of hunt exercise experience transient inflammation that peaks one hour after the end of exercise; inflammation resolution peaks six hours after the end of exercise. Future studies should seek to further understand the distinct and combined roles of PGE2 and RvD1 in dog adaptation to exercise stress. Abstract There is little information available to describe the inflammatory consequences of and recovery from moderate-intensity exercise bouts in hunting dogs. The purpose of the current study is to generate pilot data on the appearance and disappearance of biomarkers of inflammation and inflammation resolution following a typical one-hour exercise bout in basset hounds. Four hounds were set out to find a scent and freely adopted running or walking over wooded terrain for approximately one hour. Venous blood samples were obtained before the exercise and at 1, 2, 4, 6, and 10 h following cessation of exercise and were analyzed for biomarkers of inflammation (prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), nitric oxide (NO), interleukin 1β (IL-1β)) tumour necrosis factor-α (TNF-α)), and inflammation resolution (resolvin D1 (RvD1)). There was an increase in inflammation one hour after the exercise, shown by a significant increase in PGE2. Following this peak, PGE2 steadily declined at the same time as RvD1 increased, with RvD1 peaking at six hours. This pilot study provides evidence that dogs that undergo an hour of hunt exercise experience transient inflammation that peaks one hour after the end of exercise; inflammation resolution peaks six hours after the end of exercise. Future studies should seek to further understand the distinct and combined roles of PGE2 and RvD1 in dog adaptation to exercise stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wendy Pearson
- Department of Animal Biosciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada; (J.G.P.); (R.A.D.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Julia Guazzelli Pezzali
- Department of Animal Biosciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada; (J.G.P.); (R.A.D.)
| | - Renan Antunes Donadelli
- Department of Animal Biosciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada; (J.G.P.); (R.A.D.)
| | - Ashley Wagner
- Probiotech International, Saint-Hyacinthe, QC J2S 8L2, Canada;
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