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Norouzkhani N, Afshari S, Sadatmadani SF, Mollaqasem MM, Mosadeghi S, Ghadri H, Fazlizade S, Alizadeh K, Akbari Javar P, Amiri H, Foroughi E, Ansari A, Mousazadeh K, Davany BA, Akhtari kohnehshahri A, Alizadeh A, Dadkhah PA, Poudineh M. Therapeutic potential of berries in age-related neurological disorders. Front Pharmacol 2024; 15:1348127. [PMID: 38783949 PMCID: PMC11112503 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2024.1348127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2024] [Accepted: 04/10/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Aging significantly impacts several age-related neurological problems, such as stroke, brain tumors, oxidative stress, neurodegenerative diseases (Alzheimer's, Parkinson's, and dementia), neuroinflammation, and neurotoxicity. Current treatments for these conditions often come with side effects like hallucinations, dyskinesia, nausea, diarrhea, and gastrointestinal distress. Given the widespread availability and cultural acceptance of natural remedies, research is exploring the potential effectiveness of plants in common medicines. The ancient medical system used many botanical drugs and medicinal plants to treat a wide range of diseases, including age-related neurological problems. According to current clinical investigations, berries improve motor and cognitive functions and protect against age-related neurodegenerative diseases. Additionally, berries may influence signaling pathways critical to neurotransmission, cell survival, inflammation regulation, and neuroplasticity. The abundance of phytochemicals in berries is believed to contribute to these potentially neuroprotective effects. This review aimed to explore the potential benefits of berries as a source of natural neuroprotective agents for age-related neurological disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Narges Norouzkhani
- Department of Medical Informatics, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Shaghayegh Afshari
- Student Research Committee, School of Medicine, Shahroud University of Medical Sciences, Shahroud, Iran
| | | | | | - Shakila Mosadeghi
- Student Research Committee, School of Medicine, Shahroud University of Medical Sciences, Shahroud, Iran
| | - Hani Ghadri
- Student Research Committee, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Safa Fazlizade
- Student Research Committee, School of Medicine, Ardabil University of Medical Sciences, Ardabil, Iran
| | - Keyvan Alizadeh
- Student Research Committee, School of Medicine, Ardabil University of Medical Sciences, Ardabil, Iran
| | - Pouyan Akbari Javar
- Student Research Committee, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hamidreza Amiri
- Student Research Committee, School of Medicine, Arak University of Medical Sciences, Arak, Iran
| | - Elaheh Foroughi
- School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Arina Ansari
- Student Research Committee, School of Medicine, North Khorasan University of Medical Sciences, Bojnurd, Iran
| | - Kourosh Mousazadeh
- School of Medicine, Islamic Azad University, Tehran Medical Branch, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Ata Akhtari kohnehshahri
- Student Research Committee, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Alaleh Alizadeh
- Student Research Committee, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad Branch, Islamic Azad University, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Parisa Alsadat Dadkhah
- Student Research Committee, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Mohadeseh Poudineh
- Student Research Committee, School of Medicine, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Zanjan, Iran
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Mishra S, Stany B, Das A, Kanagavel D, Vijayan M. A Comprehensive Review of Membrane Transporters and MicroRNA Regulation in Alzheimer's Disease. Mol Neurobiol 2024:10.1007/s12035-024-04135-2. [PMID: 38558361 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-024-04135-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2023] [Accepted: 03/15/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a distressing neurodegenerative condition characterized by the accumulation of amyloid-beta (Aβ) plaques and tau tangles within the brain. The interconnectedness between membrane transporters (SLCs) and microRNAs (miRNAs) in AD pathogenesis has gained increasing attention. This review explores the localization, substrates, and functions of SLC transporters in the brain, emphasizing the roles of transporters for glutamate, glucose, nucleosides, and other essential compounds. The examination delves into the significance of SLCs in AD, their potential for drug development, and the intricate realm of miRNAs, encompassing their transcription, processing, functions, and regulation. MiRNAs have emerged as significant players in AD, including those associated with mitochondria and synapses. Furthermore, this review discusses the intriguing nexus of miRNAs targeting SLC transporters and their potential as therapeutic targets in AD. Finally, the review underscores the interaction between SLC transporters and miRNA regulation within the context of Alzheimer's disease, underscoring the need for further research in this area. This comprehensive review aims to shed light on the complex mechanisms underlying the causation of AD and provides insights into potential therapeutic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shatakshi Mishra
- School of Biosciences and Technology, Department of Biotechnology, VIT University, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, 632014, India
| | - B Stany
- School of Biosciences and Technology, Department of Biotechnology, VIT University, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, 632014, India
| | - Anushka Das
- School of Biosciences and Technology, Department of Biotechnology, VIT University, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, 632014, India
| | - Deepankumar Kanagavel
- School of Biosciences and Technology, Department of Biotechnology, VIT University, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, 632014, India.
| | - Murali Vijayan
- Department of Internal Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, 3601 4th Street, Lubbock, TX, 79430, USA.
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Li FR, Yu Y, Du YM, Kong L, Liu Y, Wang JH, Chen MH, Liu M, Zhang ZX, Li XT, Ju RJ. Borneol-Modified Schisandrin B Micelles Cross the Blood-Brain Barrier To Treat Alzheimer's Disease in Aged Mice. ACS Chem Neurosci 2024; 15:593-607. [PMID: 38214579 DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.3c00625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Objective: Schisandrin B (Sch B) is a bioactive dibenzocyclooctadiene derizative that is prevalent in the fruit of Schisandra chinensis. Numerous studies have demonstrated that Sch B has a neuroprotective action by reducing oxidative stress and effectively preventing inflammation. It follows that Sch B is a potential treatment for Alzheimer's disease (AD). However, the drug's solubility, bioavailability, and lower permeability of the blood-brain barrier (BBB) can all reduce its efficacy during the therapy process. Therefore, this study constructed borneol-modified schisandrin B micelles (Bor-Sch B-Ms), which increase brain targeting by accurately delivering medications to the brain, effectively improving bioavailability. High therapeutic efficacy has been achieved at the pathological site. Methods: Bor-Sch B-Ms were prepared using the thin film dispersion approach in this article. On the one hand, to observe the targeting effect of borneol, we constructed a blood-brain barrier (BBB) model in vitro and studied the ability of micelles to cross the BBB. On the other hand, the distribution of micelle drugs and their related pharmacological effects on neuroinflammation, oxidative stress, and neuronal damage were studied through in vivo administration in mice. Results: In vitro studies have demonstrated that the drug uptake of bEnd.3 cells was increased by the borneol alteration on the surface of the nano micelles, implying that Bor-Sch B-Ms can promote the therapeutic effect of N2a cells. This could result in more medicines entering the BBB. In addition, in vivo studies revealed that the distribution and circulation time of medications in the brain tissue were significantly higher than those in other groups, making it more suitable for the treatment of central nervous system diseases. Conclusion: As a novel nanodrug delivery system, borneol modified schisandrin B micelles have promising research prospects in the treatment of Alzheimer's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng-Rui Li
- School of Pharmacy, Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Dalian 116600, China
| | - Yang Yu
- School of Pharmacy, Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Dalian 116600, China
| | - Yu-Meng Du
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Enze Biomass Fine Chemicals, Beijing Institute of Petrochemical Technology, Qingyuan Road 19, Beijing 102617, China
| | - Liang Kong
- School of Pharmacy, Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Dalian 116600, China
| | - Yang Liu
- School of Pharmacy, Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Dalian 116600, China
| | - Jia-Hua Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Dalian 116600, China
| | - Mu-Han Chen
- School of Pharmacy, Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Dalian 116600, China
| | - Mo Liu
- School of Pharmacy, Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Dalian 116600, China
| | - Zi-Xu Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Dalian 116600, China
| | - Xue-Tao Li
- School of Pharmacy, Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Dalian 116600, China
| | - Rui-Jun Ju
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Enze Biomass Fine Chemicals, Beijing Institute of Petrochemical Technology, Qingyuan Road 19, Beijing 102617, China
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Ceyhan B, Nategh P, Neghabi M, LaMar JA, Konjalwar S, Rodriguez P, Hahn MK, Gross M, Grumbar G, Salleng KJ, Blakely RD, Ranji M. Optical Imaging Demonstrates Tissue-Specific Metabolic Perturbations in Mblac1 Knockout Mice. IEEE JOURNAL OF TRANSLATIONAL ENGINEERING IN HEALTH AND MEDICINE 2024; 12:298-305. [PMID: 38410184 PMCID: PMC10896421 DOI: 10.1109/jtehm.2024.3355962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2023] [Revised: 12/10/2023] [Accepted: 01/15/2024] [Indexed: 02/28/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Metabolic changes have been extensively documented in neurodegenerative brain disorders, including Parkinson's disease and Alzheimer's disease (AD). Mutations in the C. elegans swip-10 gene result in dopamine (DA) dependent motor dysfunction accompanied by DA neuron degeneration. Recently, the putative human ortholog of swip-10 (MBLAC1) was implicated as a risk factor in AD, a disorder that, like PD, has been associated with mitochondrial dysfunction. Interestingly, the AD risk associated with MBLAC1 arises in subjects with cardiovascular morbidity, suggesting a broader functional insult arising from reduced MBLAC1 protein expression and one possibly linked to metabolic alterations. METHODS Our current studies, utilizing Mblac1 knockout (KO) mice, seek to determine whether mitochondrial respiration is affected in the peripheral tissues of these mice. We quantified the levels of mitochondrial coenzymes, NADH, FAD, and their redox ratio (NADH/FAD, RR) in livers and kidneys of wild-type (WT) mice and their homozygous KO littermates of males and females, using 3D optical cryo-imaging. RESULTS Compared to WT, the RR of livers from KO mice was significantly reduced, without an apparent sex effect, driven predominantly by significantly lower NADH levels. In contrast, no genotype and sex differences were observed in kidney samples. Serum analyses of WT and KO mice revealed significantly elevated glucose levels in young and aged KO adults and diminished cholesterol levels in the aged KOs, consistent with liver dysfunction. DISCUSSION/CONCLUSION As seen with C. elegans swip-10 mutants, loss of MBLAC1 protein results in metabolic changes that are not restricted to neural cells and are consistent with the presence of peripheral comorbidities accompanying neurodegenerative disease in cases where MBLAC1 expression changes impact risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Busenur Ceyhan
- Biophotonics LaboratoryDepartment of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, College of Engineering and Computer ScienceFlorida Atlantic University Boca Raton FL 33431 USA
| | - Parisa Nategh
- Biophotonics LaboratoryDepartment of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, College of Engineering and Computer ScienceFlorida Atlantic University Boca Raton FL 33431 USA
| | - Mehrnoosh Neghabi
- Biophotonics LaboratoryDepartment of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, College of Engineering and Computer ScienceFlorida Atlantic University Boca Raton FL 33431 USA
| | - Jacob A LaMar
- Department of Biomedical ScienceCharles E. Schmidt College of MedicineFlorida Atlantic University Boca Raton FL 33431 USA
| | - Shalaka Konjalwar
- Biophotonics LaboratoryDepartment of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, College of Engineering and Computer ScienceFlorida Atlantic University Boca Raton FL 33431 USA
| | - Peter Rodriguez
- Department of Biomedical ScienceCharles E. Schmidt College of MedicineFlorida Atlantic University Boca Raton FL 33431 USA
| | - Maureen K Hahn
- Department of Biomedical ScienceCharles E. Schmidt College of MedicineFlorida Atlantic University Boca Raton FL 33431 USA
- Stiles-Nicholson Brain Institute, Florida Atlantic University Jupiter FL 33458 USA
| | - Matthew Gross
- Department of Biomedical ScienceCharles E. Schmidt College of MedicineFlorida Atlantic University Boca Raton FL 33431 USA
| | - Gregory Grumbar
- Department of Biomedical ScienceCharles E. Schmidt College of MedicineFlorida Atlantic University Boca Raton FL 33431 USA
| | - Kenneth J Salleng
- Division of Research, Comparative MedicineFlorida Atlantic University Boca Raton FL 33431 USA
| | - Randy D Blakely
- Department of Biomedical ScienceCharles E. Schmidt College of MedicineFlorida Atlantic University Boca Raton FL 33431 USA
- Stiles-Nicholson Brain Institute, Florida Atlantic University Jupiter FL 33458 USA
| | - Mahsa Ranji
- Biophotonics LaboratoryDepartment of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, College of Engineering and Computer ScienceFlorida Atlantic University Boca Raton FL 33431 USA
- Stiles-Nicholson Brain Institute, Florida Atlantic University Jupiter FL 33458 USA
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Li T, Tian J, Wu M, Tian Y, Li Z. Electroacupuncture stimulation improves cognitive ability and regulates metabolic disorders in Alzheimer's disease model mice: new insights from brown adipose tissue thermogenesis. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2024; 14:1330565. [PMID: 38283741 PMCID: PMC10811084 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1330565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2023] [Accepted: 12/26/2023] [Indexed: 01/30/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Metabolic defects play a crucial role in Alzheimer's disease (AD) development. Brown adipose tissue (BAT) has been identified as a novel potential therapeutic target for AD due to its unique role in energy metabolism. Electroacupuncture (EA) shows promise in improving cognitive ability and brain glucose metabolism in AD, but its effects on peripheral and central metabolism are unclear. Methods In this study, SAMP8 mice (AD model) received EA stimulation at specific acupoints. Cognitive abilities were evaluated using the Morris water maze test, while neuronal morphology and tau pathology were assessed through Nissl staining and immunofluorescence staining, respectively. Metabolic variations and BAT thermogenesis were measured using ELISA, HE staining, Western blotting, and infrared thermal imaging. Results Compared to SAMR1 mice, SAMP8 mice showed impaired cognitive ability, neuronal damage, disrupted thermoregulation, and metabolic disorders with low BAT activity. Both the EA and DD groups improved cognitive ability and decreased tau phosphorylation (p<0.01 or p<0.05). However, only the EA group had a significant effect on metabolic disorders and BAT thermogenesis (p<0.01 or p<0.05), while the DD group did not. Conclusion These findings indicate that EA not only improves the cognitive ability of SAMP8 mice, but also effectively regulates peripheral and central metabolic disorders, with this effect being significantly related to the activation of BAT thermogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Li
- School of Acupuncture-Moxibustion and Tuina, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Junjian Tian
- School of Acupuncture-Moxibustion and Tuina, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Meng Wu
- School of Acupuncture-Moxibustion and Tuina, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Yuanshuo Tian
- Dongzhimen Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Zhigang Li
- School of Acupuncture-Moxibustion and Tuina, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
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Elhawary EA, Moussa AY, Singab ANB. Genus Curcuma: chemical and ethnopharmacological role in aging process. BMC Complement Med Ther 2024; 24:31. [PMID: 38212737 PMCID: PMC10782795 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-023-04317-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2023] [Accepted: 12/15/2023] [Indexed: 01/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Aging or senescence is part of human life development with many effects on the physical, mental, and physiological aspects which may lead to age-related deterioration in many organs. Genus Curcuma family Zingieraceae represents one of the well-studied and medically important genera with more than eighty species. The genus is reported to contain different classes of biologically active compounds that are mainly presented in diphenylheptanoids, diphenylpentanoids, diphenylalkanoids, phenylpropene derivatives, alkaloids, flavonoids, chromones, terpenoids, phenolic acids and volatile constituents. Rhizomes and roots of such species are rich with main phytoconstituents viz. curcumin, demethoxycurcumin and bis-demethoxycurcumin. A wide variety of biological activities were demonstrated for different extracts and essential oils of genus Curcuma members including antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, cytotoxic and neuroprotective. Thus, making them as an excellent safe source for nutraceutical products and as a continuous promising area of research on lead compounds that may help in the slowing down of the aging process especially the neurologic and mental deterioration that are usually experienced upon aging. In this review different species of the genus Curcuma were summarized with their phytochemical and biological activities highlighting their role as antiaging agents. The data were collected from different search engines viz. Pubmed®, Google Scholar®, Scopus® and Web of Science® limiting the search to the period between 2003 up till now.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esraa A Elhawary
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain Shams University, Cairo, 11566, Egypt
| | - Ashaimaa Y Moussa
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain Shams University, Cairo, 11566, Egypt
| | - Abdel Nasser B Singab
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain Shams University, Cairo, 11566, Egypt.
- Center for Drug Discovery Research and Development, Ain Shams University, Cairo, 11566, Egypt.
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Dias-Carvalho A, Sá SI, Carvalho F, Fernandes E, Costa VM. Inflammation as common link to progressive neurological diseases. Arch Toxicol 2024; 98:95-119. [PMID: 37964100 PMCID: PMC10761431 DOI: 10.1007/s00204-023-03628-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2023] [Accepted: 10/12/2023] [Indexed: 11/16/2023]
Abstract
Life expectancy has increased immensely over the past decades, bringing new challenges to the health systems as advanced age increases the predisposition for many diseases. One of those is the burden of neurologic disorders. While many hypotheses have been placed to explain aging mechanisms, it has been widely accepted that the increasing pro-inflammatory status with advanced age or "inflammaging" is a main determinant of biological aging. Furthermore, inflammaging is at the cornerstone of many age-related diseases and its involvement in neurologic disorders is an exciting hypothesis. Indeed, aging and neurologic disorders development in the elderly seem to share some basic pathways that fundamentally converge on inflammation. Peripheral inflammation significantly influences brain function and contributes to the development of neurological disorders, including Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, and multiple sclerosis. Understanding the role of inflammation in the pathogenesis of progressive neurological diseases is of crucial importance for developing effective treatments and interventions that can slow down or prevent disease progression, therefore, decreasing its social and economic burden.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Dias-Carvalho
- Associate Laboratory i4HB - Institute for Health and Bioeconomy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, 4050-313, Porto, Portugal.
- UCIBIO- Applied Molecular Biosciences Unit, Laboratory of Toxicology, Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, 4050-313, Porto, Portugal.
| | - Susana Isabel Sá
- Unit of Anatomy, Department of Biomedicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
- CINTESIS@RISE, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Félix Carvalho
- Associate Laboratory i4HB - Institute for Health and Bioeconomy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, 4050-313, Porto, Portugal
- UCIBIO- Applied Molecular Biosciences Unit, Laboratory of Toxicology, Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, 4050-313, Porto, Portugal
| | - Eduarda Fernandes
- LAQV, REQUIMTE, Laboratory of Applied Chemistry, Department of Chemical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, 4050-313, Porto, Portugal
| | - Vera Marisa Costa
- Associate Laboratory i4HB - Institute for Health and Bioeconomy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, 4050-313, Porto, Portugal.
- UCIBIO- Applied Molecular Biosciences Unit, Laboratory of Toxicology, Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, 4050-313, Porto, Portugal.
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Das D, M K, Mitra A, Zaky MY, Pathak S, Banerjee A. A Review on the Efficacy of Plant-derived Bio-active Compounds Curcumin and Aged Garlic Extract in Modulating Cancer and Age-related Diseases. Curr Rev Clin Exp Pharmacol 2024; 19:146-162. [PMID: 37150987 DOI: 10.2174/2772432819666230504093227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2022] [Revised: 01/24/2023] [Accepted: 02/13/2023] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Aging is a process characterized by accumulating degenerative changes resulting in the death of an organism. Aging is mediated by various pathways that are directly linked to the individual's lifespan and are shunted for many age-related diseases. Many strategies for alleviating age-related diseases have been studied, which can target cells and molecules. Modern drugs such as Metformin, Rapamycin, and other drugs are used to reduce the effects of age-related diseases. Despite their beneficial activity, they possess some side effects which can limit their applications, mainly in older adults. Natural phytochemicals which have anti-aging activities have been studied by many researchers from a broader aspect and suggested that plant-based compounds can be a possible, direct, and practical way to treat age-related diseases which has enormous anti-aging activity. Also, studies indicated that the synergistic action of phytochemicals might enhance the biological effect rather than the individual or summative effects of natural compounds. Curcumin has an antioxidant property and is an effective scavenger of reactive oxygen species. Curcumin also has a beneficial role in many age-related diseases like diabetes, cardiovascular disease, neurological disorder, and cancer. Aged garlic extracts are also another bioactive component that has high antioxidant properties. Many studies demonstrated aged garlic extract, which has high antioxidant properties, could play a significant role in anti-aging and age-related diseases. The synergistic effect of these compounds can decrease the requirement of doses of a single drug, thus reducing its side effects caused by increased concentration of the single drug.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diptimayee Das
- Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Chettinad Academy of Research and Education (CARE), Chettinad Hospital and Research Institute (CHRI), Chennai, India
| | - Kanchan M
- Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Chettinad Academy of Research and Education (CARE), Chettinad Hospital and Research Institute (CHRI), Chennai, India
| | - Abhijit Mitra
- Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Chettinad Academy of Research and Education (CARE), Chettinad Hospital and Research Institute (CHRI), Chennai, India
| | - Mohamed Y Zaky
- Molecular Physiology Division, Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef, Egypt
| | - Surajit Pathak
- Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Chettinad Academy of Research and Education (CARE), Chettinad Hospital and Research Institute (CHRI), Chennai, India
| | - Antara Banerjee
- Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Chettinad Academy of Research and Education (CARE), Chettinad Hospital and Research Institute (CHRI), Chennai, India
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Firoozi A, Alizadeh A, Zarifkar A, Esmaeilpour T, Namavar MR, Alavi O, Dehghani F. Comparison of the efficacy of human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells conditioned medium and platelet-rich plasma on the hippocampus of STZ-induced rat model of Alzheimer's disease: A behavioral and stereological study. IBRO Neurosci Rep 2023; 15:209-217. [PMID: 37780033 PMCID: PMC10539893 DOI: 10.1016/j.ibneur.2023.09.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2023] [Revised: 08/13/2023] [Accepted: 09/12/2023] [Indexed: 10/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Alzheimer's disease (AD) is accompanied by progressive cognitive disorders and memory loss. This study aims to determine the combined effects of conditioned medium of human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells (CM) and platelet-rich plasma (PRP) on AD model rats. Methods Forty-eight male Sprague Dawley rats were classified into 6 groups: Control, Sham, AD, and three treatment groups. AD was induced by streptozotocin(STZ; 3 mg/kg, intracerebroventricular (ICV)) and the treatment groups received injections of CM [(200 µl, intraperitoneally (i.p.), and/or PRP (100 µl, intravenously(i.v)] for 8 days. Behavioral tests (Morris water maze and novel objective recognition) were used to assess learning ability and memory. At the end of the behavioral tests, the rats were sacrificed and their brain was entirely removed, sectioned, and stained with cresyl violet. The hippocampus volume and number of neurons were evaluated by stereological techniques. Results In the AD group, the discrimination ratio, time spent in the target zone, volume of Cornu Ammonis1 (CA1) and Dentate Gyrus (DG), and the number of pyramidal and granular cells decreased significantly compared to the Sham group. The mentioned parameters increased in the CM and CM+PRP groups compared to the AD group (p < 0.01). PRP did not have any noticeable effect on the examined parameters. Conclusions CM may be beneficial in the treatment of AD as it led to better improvement in STZ-induced learning and memory impairments as well as the structure of the hippocampus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amin Firoozi
- Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
- Histomorphometry & Stereology Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Aliakbar Alizadeh
- Department of Tissue Engineering and Applied Cell Sciences, School of Advanced Medical Sciences and Technologies, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Asadollah Zarifkar
- Neuroscience Research Center and Department of Physiology, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Tahereh Esmaeilpour
- Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Mohammad Reza Namavar
- Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
- Histomorphometry & Stereology Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
- Clinical Neurology Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Omid Alavi
- Department of Tissue Engineering and Applied Cell Sciences, School of Advanced Medical Sciences and Technologies, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Farzaneh Dehghani
- Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
- Histomorphometry & Stereology Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
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Kadokura K, Tomita T, Suruga K. Consumption of fish balls "tsumire" may help prevent liver function deterioration in aged rats. Nutr Health 2023; 29:383-387. [PMID: 36514304 DOI: 10.1177/02601060221142071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Background: Possible health benefits of fish balls tsumire consumption on human health have been deduced based on the results of our earlier study investigating tsumire consumption by young (6-weeks-old) Sprague-Dawley rats. Aim: The objectives of this study were to evaluate the effect of tsumire intake on aged rats by feeding them a diet containing 5% dried tsumire. Methods: Biomarker levels and organ weight of 80-weeks-old Sprague-Dawley rats that were fed with tsumire were examined for potential health benefits. Results: Following 84 days of administering tsumire-containing diet, we found a decrease in some liver function parameters, such as the levels of AST, ALT, ALP and LAP, in the tsumire-fed rats compared to control rats provided with normal diet. In particular, significantly reduced LDH levels were observed in the experimental group. Conclusions: The results can be extrapolated to possible beneficial effects of consumption of tsumire on human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazunari Kadokura
- Research & Development Division, Products Development Department, Kibun Foods Inc., Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tsuyoshi Tomita
- Research & Development Division, Products Development Department, Kibun Foods Inc., Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kohei Suruga
- Research & Development Division, Products Development Department, Kibun Foods Inc., Tokyo, Japan
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Tambunan EH, Simbolon I. Experiences of Family Caregivers Caring for Patient with Alzheimer's Disease: A Hermeneutic Phenomenological Study. J Caring Sci 2023; 12:136-143. [PMID: 38020733 PMCID: PMC10663438 DOI: 10.34172/jcs.2023.33098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2023] [Accepted: 08/30/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Alzheimer's disease (AD) becomes one of the diseases that greatly increased in the older adult population. Family caregivers play an important role in caring for family members who suffer from AD. The aim of this study was to illuminate the meaning of family caregivers' lived experiences caring for a family member with AD from the perspective of an Indonesian. Methods Narrative interviews were conducted with 13 family caregivers. These interviews were audio-taped and transcribed verbatim and analyzed using a phenomenological hermeneutic approach. Results The findings are presented under two main themes: Descent and ascent in caring for which emerged from category from being denial to acceptance, from lack of patience to compassion, from using to not using medication, and desperate yet responsibility. Another theme, caregivers' life learning emerged from the category of ongoing caring for and getting through in caring for. Conclusion Expressed concerns have shown that family caregivers not only face challenges in caring for family members suffering from AD, but also gain a lesson for life. It is necessary for family caregivers to manage caring processes for family members who suffer from AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evelyn Hemme Tambunan
- Department of Nursing, Faculty of Nursing Science, Universitas Advent Indonesia, Bandung, Indonesia
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12
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Mao S, Su J, Wang L, Bo X, Li C, Chen H. A transcriptome-based single-cell biological age model and resource for tissue-specific aging measures. Genome Res 2023; 33:1381-1394. [PMID: 37524436 PMCID: PMC10547252 DOI: 10.1101/gr.277491.122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2022] [Accepted: 07/12/2023] [Indexed: 08/02/2023]
Abstract
Accurately measuring biological age is crucial for improving healthcare for the elderly population. However, the complexity of aging biology poses challenges in how to robustly estimate aging and interpret the biological significance of the traits used for estimation. Here we present SCALE, a statistical pipeline that quantifies biological aging in different tissues using explainable features learned from literature and single-cell transcriptomic data. Applying SCALE to the "Mouse Aging Cell Atlas" (Tabula Muris Senis) data, we identified tissue-level transcriptomic aging programs for more than 20 murine tissues and created a multitissue resource of mouse quantitative aging-associated genes. We observe that SCALE correlates well with other age indicators, such as the accumulation of somatic mutations, and can distinguish subtle differences in aging even in cells of the same chronological age. We further compared SCALE with other transcriptomic and methylation "clocks" in data from aging muscle stem cells, Alzheimer's disease, and heterochronic parabiosis. Our results confirm that SCALE is more generalizable and reliable in assessing biological aging in aging-related diseases and rejuvenating interventions. Overall, SCALE represents a valuable advancement in our ability to measure aging accurately, robustly, and interpretably in single cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shulin Mao
- Yuanpei College, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
- Center for Bioinformatics, School of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Jiayu Su
- Center for Bioinformatics, School of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
- Department of Systems Biology, Columbia University, New York, New York 10032, USA
| | - Longteng Wang
- Center for Bioinformatics, School of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
- School of Life Sciences, Joint Graduate Program of Peking-Tsinghua-NIBS, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Xiaochen Bo
- Institute of Health Service and Transfusion Medicine, Beijing 100850, China
| | - Cheng Li
- Center for Bioinformatics, School of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China;
- Center for Statistical Science, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Hebing Chen
- Institute of Health Service and Transfusion Medicine, Beijing 100850, China;
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Choi JY, Ha SW, Jeong DE, Lee J, Kim D, Min JY, Min KB. Association Between the Loss of Gait Harmony and Cognitive Impairment: Cross-Sectional Study. JMIR Public Health Surveill 2023; 9:e46264. [PMID: 37428538 PMCID: PMC10366667 DOI: 10.2196/46264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2023] [Revised: 03/20/2023] [Accepted: 06/15/2023] [Indexed: 07/11/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Functional limitations and disabilities have been associated with a decrease in cognitive function due to increasing age. Gait performance and cognitive function have been associated with gait variability in executive function, the phase domain in memory, and gait abnormalities in cognitive decline. OBJECTIVE Our study aimed to investigate whether gait harmony was associated with cognitive function in the older adult population. Moreover, we aimed to investigate whether gait harmony was associated with cognitive function and explore each cognitive function in a specific harmonic state. METHODS The study population included 510 adults aged ≥60 years who visited the Department of Neurology at the Veterans Health Service Medical Center, Seoul, South Korea. Gait data were collected using a 3D motion capture device with a wireless inertial measurement unit system. For cognitive function assessments, we used the Seoul Neuropsychological Screening Battery-Core test, which evaluates the level of cognitive function or impairment in 5 cognitive domains. RESULTS In general, the association between the Seoul Neuropsychological Screening Battery-Core tests and the stance-to-swing ratio in the >1.63 ratio group yielded lower β coefficients than those in the 1.50-1.63 ratio group. After adjustment for confounders, the odds ratio (OR) for the Digit Symbol Coding test (adjusted OR 0.42, 95% CI 0.20-0.88) and the Korean version of the Color Word Stroop Test: 60 seconds (adjusted OR 0.51, 95% CI 0.29-0.89) for frontal and executive function were significantly lower for the >1.63 ratio group than the reference group. CONCLUSIONS Our findings suggest that the gait phase ratio is a valuable indicator of walking deficits and may also be associated with cognitive impairment in older adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ju-Young Choi
- Department of Preventive Medicine, College of Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang-Won Ha
- Department of Neurology, Veterans Health Service Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Da-Eun Jeong
- Department of Neurology, Veterans Health Service Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jaeho Lee
- Department of Preventive Medicine, College of Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Integrated Major in Innovative Medical Science, Seoul National University Graduate School, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Donghoon Kim
- Department of Preventive Medicine, College of Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Integrated Major in Innovative Medical Science, Seoul National University Graduate School, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin-Young Min
- Veterans Medical Research Institute, Veterans Health Service Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyoung-Bok Min
- Department of Preventive Medicine, College of Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Integrated Major in Innovative Medical Science, Seoul National University Graduate School, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Institute of Health Policy and Management, Seoul National University Medical Research Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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Ceyhan B, LaMar J, Nategh P, Neghabi M, Konjalwar S, Rodriguez P, Hahn MK, Blakely RD, Ranji M. Optical Imaging Reveals Liver Metabolic Perturbations in Mblac1 Knockout Mice. ANNUAL INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE OF THE IEEE ENGINEERING IN MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY SOCIETY. IEEE ENGINEERING IN MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY SOCIETY. ANNUAL INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE 2023; 2023:1-4. [PMID: 38083729 DOI: 10.1109/embc40787.2023.10341032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2023]
Abstract
Metabolic changes have been extensively documented in brain tissue undergoing neurodegeneration, including Parkinson's disease and Alzheimer's disease (AD). Mutations in the C. elegans swip-10 gene result in dopamine (DA) dependent motor dysfunction accompanied by DA neuron degeneration. Recently, the putative human ortholog of swip-10 (MBLAC1) was implicated as a risk factor in AD, that like PD, has been associated with mitochondrial dysfunction. Interestingly, the AD risk associated with MBLAC1 arises in subjects with cardiovascular morbidity, suggesting the possibility of a broader functional insult arising from reduced MBLAC1 protein expression, and one possibly linked to metabolic alterations. Our current studies, utilizing Mblac1 knockout (KO) mice, seeks to determine whether mitochondrial respiration is affected in peripheral tissues of these animals in this model. To initiate these studies, we quantified the levels of mitochondrial coenzymes, NADH, FAD, and their redox ratio (NADH/FAD, RR) in the livers of wild type (WT) mice and their homozygous KO littermates, using 3D optical cryo-imaging. We found that Mblac1 KO mice exhibited a greater oxidized redox state compared to WT mice. When compared to the WT group, the redox ratio of KO mice was decreased by 46.32%, driven predominantly by significantly lower NADH levels (more oxidized state). We speculate that, as seen with C. elegans swip-10 mutants, that loss of MBLAC1 protein results in deficits in tricarboxylic acid cycle (TCA) production of NADH and FAD TCA that leads to diminished cellular ATP production and oxidative stress. Such observations are consistent with changes that in the central nervous system (CNS) could support neurodegeneration and in the periphery account for comorbidities.
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Paiva AMD, Reis GBB, Perillo PHDÁ, Souza DHS, Oliveira ECD, Rezende Filho J. PREVALENCE OF COMORBIDITIES IN PATIENTS WITH CHAGASIC MEGAESOPHAGUS. ARQUIVOS DE GASTROENTEROLOGIA 2023; 60:322-329. [PMID: 37792761 DOI: 10.1590/s0004-2803.230302023-29] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2023] [Accepted: 07/20/2023] [Indexed: 10/06/2023]
Abstract
•The study investigated the prevalence of certain comorbidities in patients with Chagas megaoesophagus compared to those without the condition, aiming to determine whether it serves as a protective or risk factor. •In the general group (546 patients), the three most prevalent comorbidities were hypertension (44.3%), dyslipidaemia (17.8%), and heart failure (15.2%). •In the older group (248 patients), similar to that in the general group, the most prevalent comorbidities were hypertension, dyslipidaemia, and heart failure. •The lower prevalence of diabetes mellitus and Alzheimer's disease in the patients with Chagas megaoesophagus suggests the association of enteric nervous system denervation and requires further investigation. Objective - This study aimed to evaluate the prevalence of some epidemiologically important comorbidities in patients with Chagas megaoesophagus in relation to the population without megaoesophagus, and whether this condition would be a protective or a risk factor for the conditions analysed. Methods - This observational descriptive study collected data from the medical records of patients with a previous diagnosis of megaoesophagus (timing: from 2005 to 2020). The patients were divided by age into a general (all ages) and an older group (aged 60 years or more). Associations were searched for four main areas/systems/involvements: cardiovascular, respiratory, endocrine and neurological. Results - The general group included 546 patients and the older group included 248 patients. As for the prevalence of comorbidities in the general group, the three most prevalent diseases were hypertension, with 44.3% (CI95%: 40.21-48.51%); dyslipidaemia, with 17.8% (CI95%: 14.79-21.19%); and heart failure, with 15.2% (CI95%: 12.43-18.45%). Similar to that in the general group, the most prevalent comorbidities in the group of older patients were hypertension, dyslipidaemia, and heart failure. Conclusion - Systemic arterial hypertension, dyslipidaemia, and heart failure were the most prevalent comorbidities in this population. The lower prevalence of diabetes mellitus and Alzheimer's disease suggests the association of enteric nervous system denervation and requires further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Diogo Henrique Saliba Souza
- Hospital das Clínicas da Universidade Federal de Goiás, Divisão de Gastroenterologia, Goiânia, GO, Brasil
- Universidade Federal de Goiás, Núcleo de Estudos de Doença de Chagas, Goiânia, GO, Brasil
| | | | - Joffre Rezende Filho
- Hospital das Clínicas da Universidade Federal de Goiás, Divisão de Gastroenterologia, Goiânia, GO, Brasil
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Nazar G, Díaz-Toro F, Roa P, Petermann-Rocha F, Troncoso-Pantoja C, Leiva-Ordóñez AM, Cigarroa I, Celis-Morales C. [Association between oral health and cognitive decline in older Chileans]. GACETA SANITARIA 2023; 37:102303. [PMID: 37156068 DOI: 10.1016/j.gaceta.2023.102303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2022] [Revised: 12/29/2022] [Accepted: 02/20/2023] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To identify the association between oral health and suspected cognitive impairment in older adults in Chile. METHOD Cross-sectional study including 1826 people ≥60 years who participated in the National Health Survey of Chile, 2016-2017. Oral health was evaluated by the number of teeth, presence of caries, use of dental prostheses, self-reported oral health, and pain and/or discomfort in the oral cavity. Cognitive impairment was assessed using the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE). The association was evaluated by logistic and linear regression, adjusted for sociodemographic and lifestyle variables. RESULTS Compared with people without suspicion of cognitive impairment, people with suspected impairment had five fewer teeth (13.4 vs. 8.5 teeth), a much higher difference in women than in men, and a higher frequency of oral pain. Edentulism and fewer teeth were associated with a higher likelihood of suspected cognitive impairment, associations that were not maintained in adjusted models. Oral pain was associated with a higher likelihood of suspected impairment even in the most adjusted model (odds ratio: 1.99; 95% confidence interval [95%CI]: 1.09-3.63). In linear models, an increase of 2% (95%CI: 0.01-0.05) in the MMSE score was observed for each additional tooth. CONCLUSIONS Poor oral health, particularly tooth loss and the presence of pain, was associated with cognitive impairment in older adults in Chile.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriela Nazar
- Departamento de Psicología, Facultad de Ciencias Sociales y Centro de Vida Saludable, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción, Chile
| | - Felipe Díaz-Toro
- Department of Epidemiology, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, New York, USA; Facultad de Enfermería, Escuela de Enfermería, Universidad Andrés Bello, Santiago, Chile.
| | - Pablo Roa
- Departamento de Fonoaudiología, Facultad de Medicina Clínica Alemana, Universidad del Desarrollo, Santiago, Chile; Doctorado Salud Mental, Departamento de Psiquiatría, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción, Chile
| | - Fanny Petermann-Rocha
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Diego Portales, Santiago, Chile
| | - Claudia Troncoso-Pantoja
- Centro de Investigación en Educación y Desarrollo (CIEDE-UCSC), Departamento de Salud Pública, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Católica de la Santísima Concepción, Concepción, Chile
| | - Ana María Leiva-Ordóñez
- Instituto de Anatomía, Histología y Patología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile
| | - Igor Cigarroa
- Escuela de Kinesiología, Facultad de Salud, Universidad Santo Tomás, Los Ángeles, Chile
| | - Carlos Celis-Morales
- BHF Glasgow Cardiovascular Research Centre, School of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Health, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom; Laboratorio de Rendimiento Humano, Grupo de Estudio en Educación, Actividad Física y Salud (GEEAFyS), Universidad Católica del Maule, Talca, Chile
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17
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Saleem U, Chauhdary Z, Islam S, Zafar A, Khayat RO, Althobaiti NA, Shah GM, Alqarni M, Shah MA. Sarcococca saligna ameliorated D-galactose induced neurodegeneration through repression of neurodegenerative and oxidative stress biomarkers. Metab Brain Dis 2023; 38:717-734. [PMID: 35881299 DOI: 10.1007/s11011-022-01046-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2022] [Accepted: 06/24/2022] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Sarcococca saligna is a valuable source of bioactive secondary metabolites exhibiting antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and acetylcholinesterase inhibitory activities. The study was intended to explore the therapeutic pursuits of S. saligna in amelioration of cognitive and motor dysfunctions induced by D-galactose and linked mechanistic pathways. Alzheimer's disease model was prepared by administration of D-galactose subcutaneous injection100 mg/kg and it was treated with rivastigmine (100 mg/kg, orally) and plant extract for 42 days. Cognitive and motor functions were evaluated by behavioral tasks and oxidative stress biomarkers. Level of acetylcholinesterase, reduced level of glutathione, protein and nitrite level, and brain neurotransmitters were analyzed in brain homogenate. The level of apoptosis regulator Bcl-2, Caspases 3 and heat shock protein HSP-70 in brain homogenates were analyzed by ELISA and colorimetric method, respectively. AChE, IL-1β, TNF-α, IL-1α and β secretase expressions were analyzed by RT-PCR. S. saligna dose dependently suppressed the neurodegenerative effects of D-galactose induced behavioral and biochemical impairments through modulation of antioxidant enzymes and acetylcholinesterase inhibition. S. saligna markedly (P < 0.05) ameliorated the level of brain neurotransmitters, Bcl-2, HSP-70 and Caspases-3 level. S. saligna at 500-1000 mg/kg considerably recovered the mRNA expression of neurodegenerative and neuro-inflammatory biomarkers, also evident from histopathological analysis. These findings suggest that S. saligna could be applicable in cure of Alzheimer's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Uzma Saleem
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Government College University, Faisalabad, Pakistan.
| | - Zunera Chauhdary
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Government College University, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Sumera Islam
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Government College University, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Aimen Zafar
- University Institute of Food Science & Technology, University of Lahore, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Rana O Khayat
- Department of Biology, College of Applied Sciences, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Norah A Althobaiti
- Department of Biology, College of Science and Humanities, Shaqra University, Al-Quwaiiyah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ghulam Mujtaba Shah
- Department of Botany, Hazara University, Mansehra, Pakistan
- Department of Pharmacy, Hazara University, Mansehra, Pakistan
| | - Mohammed Alqarni
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, Taif University, Taif, 21944, Saudi Arabia
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Al-Kuraishy HM, Al-Gareeb AI, Saad HM, Batiha GES. Benzodiazepines in Alzheimer's disease: beneficial or detrimental effects. Inflammopharmacology 2023; 31:221-230. [PMID: 36418599 DOI: 10.1007/s10787-022-01099-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2022] [Accepted: 11/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Dementia is considered a clinical syndrome characterized by cognitive dysfunction and memory loss. Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common type of dementia. AD is linked with the turbulence of diverse neurotransmitters including gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA). Notably, GABA in the brain and cerebrospinal fluid was reduced in AD. Thus, allosteric modulation of the GABA effect by benzodiazepines (BDZs) may improve the clinical outcomes of AD patients. Therefore, the objective of the present review was to reveal the possible role of BDZs on the pathogenesis and clinical outcomes in AD patients. Though BDZs may adversely affect cognitive functions mainly in elderly patients, herein it was postulated that BDZs may have beneficial, neutral, or detrimental effects in AD. Taken together, there is strong controversy regarding the use of BDZs and the risk for the development of AD. Therefore, experimental, preclinical and clinical studies are critical to determine the potential protective or detrimental effects of BDZs on AD neuropathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hayder M Al-Kuraishy
- Professor in Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Medicine, Medical Faculty, College of Medicine, Al-Mustansiriyah University, P.O. Box 14132, Baghdad, Iraq
| | - Ali I Al-Gareeb
- Professor in Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Medicine, Medical Faculty, College of Medicine, Al-Mustansiriyah University, P.O. Box 14132, Baghdad, Iraq
| | - Hebatallah M Saad
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Matrouh University, Marsa Matruh, 51744, Egypt.
| | - Gaber El-Saber Batiha
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Damanhour University, Damanhour, 22511, Egypt.
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Gorenflo MP, Davis PB, Kendall EK, Olaker VR, Kaelber DC, Xu R. Association of Aspirin Use with Reduced Risk of Developing Alzheimer's Disease in Elderly Ischemic Stroke Patients: A Retrospective Cohort Study. J Alzheimers Dis 2023; 91:697-704. [PMID: 36502331 DOI: 10.3233/jad-220901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Currently there are no effective therapies to prevent or halt the development of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Multiple risk factors are involved in AD, including ischemic stroke (IS). Aspirin is often prescribed following IS to prevent blood clot formation. Observational studies have shown inconsistent findings with respect to the relationship between aspirin use and the risk of AD. OBJECTIVE To investigate the relationship between aspirin therapy after IS and the new diagnosis of AD in elderly patients. METHODS This retrospective cohort study leveraged a large database that contains over 90 million electronic health records to compare the hazard rates of AD after IS in elderly patients prescribed aspirin versus those not prescribed aspirin after propensity-score matching for relevant confounders. RESULTS At 1, 3, and 5 years after first IS, elderly patients prescribed aspirin were less likely to develop AD than those not prescribed aspirin: Hazard Ratio = 0.78 [0.65,0.94], 0.81 [0.70,0.94], and 0.76 [0.70,0.92]. CONCLUSION Our findings suggest that aspirin use may prevent AD in patients with IS, a subpopulation at high risk of developing the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria P Gorenflo
- Center for Artificial Intelligence in Drug Discovery, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Pamela B Davis
- Center for Community Health Integration, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Ellen K Kendall
- Center for Artificial Intelligence in Drug Discovery, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Veronica R Olaker
- Center for Artificial Intelligence in Drug Discovery, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - David C Kaelber
- The Center for Clinical Informatics Research and Education, The MetroHealth System, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Rong Xu
- Center for Artificial Intelligence in Drug Discovery, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH, USA
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Wang D, Tang Z, Zhao J, Lu P. The Overview of Cognitive Aging Models. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2023; 1419:47-60. [PMID: 37418205 DOI: 10.1007/978-981-99-1627-6_4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/08/2023]
Abstract
To understand the cause of the age-related decline in cognitive function and its underlying mechanism, the cognitive aging model can provide us with important insights. In this section, we will introduce behavioral and neural models about age-related cognitive changes. Among behavioral models, several aging theories were discussed from the perspectives of educational, biological, and sociological factors, which could explain parts of the aging process. With the development of imaging technology, many studies have discussed the neural mechanism of aging and successively proposed neural models to explain the aging phenomenon. Behavioral models and neural mechanism models supplement each other, gradually unveiling the mystery of cognitive aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dandan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning, Faculty of Psychology, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
- Beijing Aging Brain Rejuvenation Initiative (BABRI) Centre, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Zhihao Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning, Faculty of Psychology, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
- Beijing Aging Brain Rejuvenation Initiative (BABRI) Centre, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Jiawei Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning, Faculty of Psychology, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
- Beijing Aging Brain Rejuvenation Initiative (BABRI) Centre, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Peng Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning, Faculty of Psychology, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China.
- Beijing Aging Brain Rejuvenation Initiative (BABRI) Centre, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China.
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Chemical Profiles and In Vitro Cholinesterase Inhibitory Activities of the Flower Extracts of Cassia spectabilis. Adv Pharmacol Pharm Sci 2023; 2023:6066601. [PMID: 36895696 PMCID: PMC9991480 DOI: 10.1155/2023/6066601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2022] [Revised: 02/07/2023] [Accepted: 02/17/2023] [Indexed: 03/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Cassia spectabilis is a flowering plant containing various metabolites that provide potential for pharmacological activities. The current study aimed to investigate the ethanolic and water extracts of C. spectabilis as cholinesterase inhibitor as one of the target treatments for Alzheimer's disease. The chemical composition of the extracts was also studied to determine which components are responsible for the bioactivity. Methods The cholinesterase inhibitory activity assay was carried out by the modified Ellman's method against acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and butyrylcholinesterase (BChE). LC-MS/MS analysis was carried out to investigate the chemical profiles of the extracts, followed by a molecular networking study by GNPS. Results Both extracts showed inhibition against AChE and BChE in a dose-dependent manner, with the higher potency exhibited by the ethanolic extract with IC50 values of 7.88 and 3.78 μg/mL. The chemical analysis and molecular networking study of the flower extracts revealed similarity between the ethanolic and water extracts. Piperidine alkaloids were identified in both extracts, while the sphingolipid compounds were found in the ethanolic extract. Conclusion The water and ethanolic extracts of C. spectabilis flowers displayed potency for Alzheimer's disease treatment. The presence of piperidine alkaloids in the extract may be responsible for the cholinesterase inhibitory activity. The higher potency of the ethanolic extract compared to the water extract is possibly due to the higher amount of piperidine alkaloids in the ethanolic extract. Further study is needed to quantify the concentration of alkaloids in the extracts.
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22
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Yarns BC, Holiday KA, Carlson DM, Cosgrove CK, Melrose RJ. Pathophysiology of Alzheimer's Disease. Psychiatr Clin North Am 2022; 45:663-676. [PMID: 36396271 DOI: 10.1016/j.psc.2022.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common neurodegenerative disease leading to dementia worldwide. While neuritic plaques consisting of aggregated amyloid-beta proteins and neurofibrillary tangles of accumulated tau proteins represent the pathophysiologic hallmarks of AD, numerous processes likely interact with risk and protective factors and one's culture to produce the cognitive loss, neuropsychiatric symptoms, and functional impairments that characterize AD dementia. Recent biomarker and neuroimaging research has revealed how the pathophysiology of AD may lead to symptoms, and as the pathophysiology of AD gains clarity, more potential treatments are emerging that aim to modify the disease and relieve its burden.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brandon C Yarns
- Psychiatry/Mental Health Service, VA Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System, 11301 Wilshire Boulevard, Building 401, Mail Code 116AE, Los Angeles, CA 90073, USA; Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, 757 Westwood Plaza #4, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA.
| | - Kelsey A Holiday
- Psychiatry/Mental Health Service, VA Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System, 11301 Wilshire Boulevard, Building 401, Mail Code 116AE, Los Angeles, CA 90073, USA
| | - David M Carlson
- Psychiatry/Mental Health Service, VA Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System, 11301 Wilshire Boulevard, Building 401, Mail Code 116AE, Los Angeles, CA 90073, USA; Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, 757 Westwood Plaza #4, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Coleman K Cosgrove
- Department of Psychiatry, University at Buffalo, 462 Grider Street, Buffalo, NY 14215, USA
| | - Rebecca J Melrose
- Psychiatry/Mental Health Service, VA Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System, 11301 Wilshire Boulevard, Building 401, Mail Code 116AE, Los Angeles, CA 90073, USA; Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, 757 Westwood Plaza #4, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
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Hsu PC, Shahed-Al-Mahmud M. SARS-CoV-2 mediated neurological disorders in COVID-19: Measuring the pathophysiology and immune response. Life Sci 2022; 308:120981. [PMID: 36150465 PMCID: PMC9490490 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2022.120981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2022] [Revised: 09/07/2022] [Accepted: 09/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The emergence of beta-coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 gets entry into its host cells by recognizing angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) and transmembrane serine protease 2 (TMPRESS2) receptors, which are responsible for coronavirus diseases-2019 (COVID-19). Global communities have been affected by COVID-19, especially caused the neurological complications and other critical medical issues. COVID-19 associated complications appear in aged people with underlying neurological states, especially in Parkinson's disease (PD) and Alzheimer's disease (AD). ACE2 receptors abundantly expressed in dopamine neurons may worsen the motor symptoms in PD and upregulates in SARS-CoV-2 infected aged patients' brain with AD. Immune-mediated cytokines released in SARS-CoV-2 infection lead to an indirect immune response that damages the central nervous system. Extreme cytokines release (cytokine storm) occurs due to aberrant immune pathways, and activation in microglial propagates CNS damage in COVID-19 patients. Here, we have explored the pathophysiology, immune responses, and long-term neurological impact on PD and AD patients with COVID-19. It is also a crucial step to understanding COVID-19 pathogenesis to reduce fatal outcomes of neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pi-Ching Hsu
- Workplace Heath Promotion Center, Changhua Christian Hospital, Changhua, Taiwan
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24
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Analysis of SOD2 rs4880 Genetic Variant in Patients with Alzheimer’s Disease. Curr Issues Mol Biol 2022; 44:4406-4414. [PMID: 36286017 PMCID: PMC9600469 DOI: 10.3390/cimb44100302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2022] [Revised: 09/16/2022] [Accepted: 09/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
A few gene loci that contribute to Alzheimer’s Disease (AD) onset have been identified. Few studies have been published about the relationship between SOD2 rs4880 single nucleotide variant and AD, revealing inconsistent results. Therefore, the aim of the current study is to further examine the role of the SOD2 rs4880 in AD. We performed a case-control study with a total of 641 subjects (320 patients with probable AD, and 321 healthy controls). The statistical analysis was performed assuming five genetic models. The threshold for statistical significance was set at 0.05. The results revealed no association between SOD2 rs4880 and AD in any of the assumed genetic models that were examined [log-additive OR = 0.95 (0.76–1.19), over-dominant OR = 1.15 (0.85–1.57), recessive OR = 0.85 (0.59–1.22), dominant OR = 1.03 (0.72–1.47), and co-dominant OR1 = 1.10 (0.75–1.60) and OR2 = 0.90 (0.58–1.40)]. Adjustment for sex and subgroup analyses based on sex did not reveal any statistically significant results either. Based on our findings, SOD2 rs4880 does not appear to play a determining role in the risk of developing AD. Larger studies are warranted to elucidate the connection between rs4880 and AD.
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25
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Guo M, Jia J, Zhang J, Zhou M, Wang A, Chen S, Zhao X. Association of β-cell function and cognitive impairment in patients with abnormal glucose metabolism. BMC Neurol 2022; 22:232. [PMID: 35739484 PMCID: PMC9219116 DOI: 10.1186/s12883-022-02755-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2022] [Accepted: 06/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Insulin has been demonstrated to play an important role in the occurrence and development of Alzheimer’s disease, especially in those with diabetes. β cells are important insulin-producing cells in human pancreas. This study aimed to investigate the association between β-cell dysfunction and cognitive impairment among patients over 40-year-old with abnormal glucose metabolism in Chinese rural communities. Methods A sample of 592 participants aged 40 years or older from the China National Stroke Prevention Project (CSPP) between 2015 and 2017 were enrolled in this study. Abnormal glucose metabolism was defined when hemoglobin Alc ≥ 5.7%. Cognitive function was assessed by the Beijing edition of the Montreal Cognitive Assessment scale. Homeostasis assessment of β-cell function was performed and classified into 4 groups according to the quartiles. A lower value of HOMA-β indicated a worse condition of β-cell function. Multivariate logistic regression was used to analyze the association between β-cell function and cognitive impairment. Results In a total of 592 patients with abnormal glucose metabolism, the average age was 60.20 ± 7.63 years and 60.1% patients had cognitive impairment. After adjusting for all potential risk factors, we found the first quartile of β-cell function was significantly associated with cognitive impairment (OR: 2.27, 95%CI: 1.32–3.92), especially at the domains of language (OR: 1.64, 95%CI: 1.01–2.65) and abstraction (OR: 2.29, 95%CI: 1.46–3.58). Conclusions Our study showed that worse β-cell function is associated with cognitive impairment of people over 40-year-old with abnormal glucose metabolism in Chinese rural communities, especially in the cognitive domains of abstraction and language.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengyi Guo
- Department of Neurology, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,Department of Neurology, Beijing Sanbo Brain Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Jiaokun Jia
- Department of Neurology, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Jia Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Mingyue Zhou
- Department of Neurology, Beijing Sanbo Brain Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Anxin Wang
- Department of Neurology, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Shengyun Chen
- Department of Neurology, Beijing Sanbo Brain Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China. .,Department of Neurology of Shenzhen Second People's Hospital, First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University Health Science Center, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China.
| | - Xingquan Zhao
- Department of Neurology, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China. .,China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China. .,Research Unit of Artificial Intelligence in Cerebrovascular Disease, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China.
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26
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Sun Z, Zhao S, Suo X, Dou Y. Sirt1 protects against hippocampal atrophy and its induced cognitive impairment in middle-aged mice. BMC Neurosci 2022; 23:33. [PMID: 35668361 PMCID: PMC9169381 DOI: 10.1186/s12868-022-00718-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2021] [Accepted: 05/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sirtuin 1 (Sirt1) is a recognized longevity gene and has been shown to be associated with aging and its related diseases. Hippocampal volume is considered to be the most sensitive brain imaging phenotype for cognition, but the effect of Sirt1 on hippocampal morphology during aging has not been reported. RESULTS Herein, we investigated the effect of conditional Sirt1 knockdown on hippocampal volume in middle-aged mice, as well as its cognitive function and the underlying molecular mechanisms. Brain structural magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) showed that adeno-associated virus (AAV) mediated hippocampal Sirt1 knockdown caused hippocampal atrophy in 8-month-old mice. Open field test (OFT) and Morris Water Maze (MWM) test revealed that hippocampal Sirt1 knockdown significantly weakened spatial learning and memory of mice without effect on anxiety and exploratory behavior. Western blotting analysis showed that P-tau levels at serine 396 epitope were significantly increased with slightly decreased T-tau levels, while PSD95 and NMDAR2B levels were obviously reduced, indicating that hippocampal Sirt1 knockdown could activate tau hyperphosphorylation and synaptic damage. CONCLUSIONS This work revealed that Sirt1 is an important protective gene against hippocampal atrophy and its induced cognitive impairment during aging, providing potential therapeutic targets for the prevention and intervention of aging-related neuropsychic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zuhao Sun
- Department of Radiology and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Functional Imaging, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, 300052, People's Republic of China.,School of Medical Technology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 300070, People's Republic of China
| | - Shuang Zhao
- Department of Radiology and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Functional Imaging, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, 300052, People's Republic of China
| | - Xinjun Suo
- Department of Radiology and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Functional Imaging, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, 300052, People's Republic of China.,School of Medical Technology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 300070, People's Republic of China
| | - Yan Dou
- Department of Radiology and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Functional Imaging, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, 300052, People's Republic of China.
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27
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Ivanova O, Meilán JJG, Martínez-Sánchez F, Martínez-Nicolás I, Llorente TE, González NC. Discriminating speech traits of Alzheimer's disease assessed through a corpus of reading task for Spanish language. COMPUT SPEECH LANG 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.csl.2021.101341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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28
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Stanczykiewicz B, Gburek J, Rutkowska M, Lemieszewska M, Gołąb K, Juszczyńska K, Piotrowska A, Trziszka T, Dzięgiel P, Podhorska-Okołów M, Zabłocka A, Rymaszewska J. Ovocystatin Induced Changes in Expression of Alzheimer's Disease Relevant Proteins in APP/PS1 Transgenic Mice. J Clin Med 2022; 11:jcm11092372. [PMID: 35566501 PMCID: PMC9103311 DOI: 10.3390/jcm11092372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2022] [Revised: 04/08/2022] [Accepted: 04/19/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Ovocystatin is marked by structural and biological similarities to human cystatin C, which plays an important role in the course of neurodegenerative diseases. Recently, it has been shown that ovocystatin might prevent aging-related cognitive impairment in rats and reduce memory decline in an APP/PS1 mice model. Thus, this study aimed to assess the effect of ovocystatin on histopathological changes in APP/PS1 mice. Materials and methods: Ovocystatin was administered intraperitoneally for four weeks (40 μg/mouse) to 35-weeks-old transgenic (AD, n = 14) and wild type (NCAR, n = 15) mice (stock B6C3-Tg(APPswe, PSEN1dE9)85Dbo/Mmjax). A histopathological evaluation comprised antibodies directed against β-amyloid (1:400, SIG-39320-1000, Covance) and Tau (1:4000, AHB0042, Invitrogen). Three regions of the hippocampus— the dentate gyrus (DG) and the cornu ammonis (CA1 and CA3)—were analyzed by immunohistochemistry in each animal. All differences are expressed as percentage relative to the control group. Results: The main results showed that the percentage of immunoreactive area of β-amyloid, tau protein deposits in APP/PS1+ovCYS was decreased in DG, CA1, and CA3 regions compared with the APP/PS1 control, respectively (p < 0.05). Conclusions: Ovocystatin caused significant changes in the expression pattern of all investigated proteins in hippocampal tissues both in APP/PS1 and NCAR mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bartlomiej Stanczykiewicz
- Department of Psychiatry, Division of Consultation Psychiatry and Neuroscience, Wroclaw Medical University, 50-367 Wroclaw, Poland; (M.L.); (J.R.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +48-71-784-1600
| | - Jakub Gburek
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biochemistry, Wroclaw Medical University, 50-556 Wroclaw, Poland; (J.G.); (K.G.); (K.J.)
| | - Maria Rutkowska
- Department of Pharmacology, Wroclaw Medical University, 50-345 Wroclaw, Poland;
| | - Marta Lemieszewska
- Department of Psychiatry, Division of Consultation Psychiatry and Neuroscience, Wroclaw Medical University, 50-367 Wroclaw, Poland; (M.L.); (J.R.)
| | - Krzysztof Gołąb
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biochemistry, Wroclaw Medical University, 50-556 Wroclaw, Poland; (J.G.); (K.G.); (K.J.)
| | - Katarzyna Juszczyńska
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biochemistry, Wroclaw Medical University, 50-556 Wroclaw, Poland; (J.G.); (K.G.); (K.J.)
| | - Aleksandra Piotrowska
- Department of Human Morphology and Embryology, Division of Histology and Embryology, Wroclaw Medical University, 50-368 Wroclaw, Poland; (A.P.); (P.D.)
| | - Tadeusz Trziszka
- Department of Animal Products Technology and Quality Management, Wroclaw University of Environmental and Life Sciences, 51-630 Wroclaw, Poland;
| | - Piotr Dzięgiel
- Department of Human Morphology and Embryology, Division of Histology and Embryology, Wroclaw Medical University, 50-368 Wroclaw, Poland; (A.P.); (P.D.)
- Department of Human Biology, Faculty of Physiotherapy, University School of Physical Education, 51-612 Wroclaw, Poland
| | | | - Agnieszka Zabłocka
- Department of Microbiology, Hirszfeld Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, Polish Academy of Sciences, 53-114 Wroclaw, Poland;
| | - Joanna Rymaszewska
- Department of Psychiatry, Division of Consultation Psychiatry and Neuroscience, Wroclaw Medical University, 50-367 Wroclaw, Poland; (M.L.); (J.R.)
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Poudel P, Park S. Recent Advances in the Treatment of Alzheimer’s Disease Using Nanoparticle-Based Drug Delivery Systems. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:pharmaceutics14040835. [PMID: 35456671 PMCID: PMC9026997 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14040835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2022] [Revised: 03/29/2022] [Accepted: 04/08/2022] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is an irreversible and progressive neurodegenerative disorder. Most existing treatments only provide symptomatic solutions. Here, we introduce currently available commercial drugs and new therapeutics, including repositioned drugs, to treat AD. Despite tremendous efforts, treatments targeting the hallmarks of AD show limited efficacy. Challenges in treating AD are partly caused by difficulties in penetrating the blood–brain barrier (BBB). Recently, nanoparticle (NP)-based systems have shown promising potential as precision medicines that can effectively penetrate the BBB and enhance the targeting ability of numerous drugs. Here, we describe how NPs enter the brain by crossing, avoiding, or disrupting the BBB. In addition, we provide an overview of the action of NPs in the microenvironment of the brain for the treatment of AD. Diverse systems, including liposomes, micelles, polymeric NPs, solid-lipid NPs, and inorganic NPs, have been investigated for NP drug loading to relieve AD symptoms, target AD hallmarks, and target moieties to diagnose AD. We also highlight NP-based immunotherapy, which has recently gained special attention as a potential treatment option to disrupt AD progression. Overall, this review focuses on recently investigated NP systems that represent innovative strategies to understand AD pathogenesis and suggests treatment and diagnostic modalities to cure AD.
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30
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Hosseini L, Sharif Nia H, Ashghali Farahani M. Development and Psychometric Evaluation of Family Caregivers' Hardiness Scale: A Sequential-Exploratory Mixed-Method Study. Front Psychol 2022; 13:807049. [PMID: 35432109 PMCID: PMC9010881 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2022.807049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2021] [Accepted: 02/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective Caring for patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a stressful situation and an overwhelming task for family caregivers. Therefore, these caregivers need to have their hardiness empowered to provide proper and appropriate care to these older adults. From the introduction of the concept of hardiness, few studies have been conducted to assess the hardiness of caregivers of patients with AD. Presumably, one reason for this knowledge gap is the lack of a proper scale to evaluate hardiness in this group. This study was conducted to develop a reliable and valid Family Caregivers' Hardiness Scale (FCHS) to measure this concept accurately among Iranian family caregivers sample. Methods This study is a cross-sectional study with a sequential-exploratory mixed-method approach. The concept of family caregivers' hardiness was clarified using deductive content analysis, and item pools were generated. In the psychometric step, the samples were 435 family caregivers with a mean age of 50.26 (SD ± 13.24), and the data were gathered via an online form questionnaire. In this step, the items of the FCHS were evaluated using face and content validity. Then, the factor structure was determined and confirmed using exploratory factor analysis (EFA) and confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) followed by convergent and divergent validity, respectively. Finally, scale reliability, including stability, and internal consistency were evaluated. Results The finding revealed that FCHS consists of five factors, namely, "Religious Coping" (5 items), "Self-Management" (6 items), "Empathic Communication" (3 items), "Family Affective Commitment" (3 items), and "Purposeful Interaction" (4 items) that explained 58.72% of the total variance. The results of CFA showed a good model fit. Reliability showed acceptable internal consistency and stability. Conclusion Based on the results of the psychometric evaluation of the FCHS, turned out that the concept of hardiness in Iranian family caregivers is a multidimensional concept that is most focused on individual-cultural values, emotional family relationships, and social relationships. The designed scale also has acceptable validity and reliability features that can be used in future studies to measure this concept in family caregivers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lida Hosseini
- School of Nursing & Midwifery, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hamid Sharif Nia
- School of Nursing and Midwifery, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
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31
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Potential role of Drug Repositioning Strategy (DRS) for management of tauopathy. Life Sci 2022; 291:120267. [PMID: 34974076 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2021.120267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2021] [Revised: 12/14/2021] [Accepted: 12/22/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Tauopathy is a term that has been used to represent a pathological condition in which hyperphosphorylated tau protein aggregates in neurons and glia which results in neurodegeneration, synapse loss and dysfunction and cognitive impairments. Recently, drug repositioning strategy (DRS) becomes a promising field and an alternative approach to advancing new treatments from actually developed and FDA approved drugs for an indication other than the indication it was originally intended for. This paradigm provides an advantage because the safety of the candidate compound has already been established, which abolishes the need for further preclinical safety testing and thus substantially reduces the time and cost involved in progressing of clinical trials. In the present review, we focused on correlation between tauopathy and common diseases as type 2 diabetes mellitus and the global virus COVID-19 and how tau pathology can aggravate development of these diseases in addition to how these diseases can be a risk factor for development of tauopathy. Moreover, correlation between COVID-19 and type 2 diabetes mellitus was also discussed. Therefore, repositioning of a drug in the daily clinical practice of patients to manage or prevent two or more diseases at the same time with lower side effects and drug-drug interactions is a promising idea. This review concluded the results of pre-clinical and clinical studies applied on antidiabetics, COVID-19 medications, antihypertensives, antidepressants and cholesterol lowering drugs for possible drug repositioning for management of tauopathy.
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32
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Villa C, Rivellini E, Lavitrano M, Combi R. Can SARS-CoV-2 Infection Exacerbate Alzheimer's Disease? An Overview of Shared Risk Factors and Pathogenetic Mechanisms. J Pers Med 2022; 12:29. [PMID: 35055344 PMCID: PMC8780286 DOI: 10.3390/jpm12010029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2021] [Revised: 12/19/2021] [Accepted: 12/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The current coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV)-2, is affecting every aspect of global society, including public healthcare systems, medical care access, and the economy. Although the respiratory tract is primarily affected by SARS-CoV-2, emerging evidence suggests that the virus may also reach the central nervous system (CNS), leading to several neurological issues. In particular, people with a diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease (AD) are a vulnerable group at high risk of contracting COVID-19, and develop more severe forms and worse outcomes, including death. Therefore, understanding shared links between COVID-19 and AD could aid the development of therapeutic strategies against both. Herein, we reviewed common risk factors and potential pathogenetic mechanisms that might contribute to the acceleration of neurodegenerative processes in AD patients infected by SARS-CoV-2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiara Villa
- School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, 20900 Monza, Italy
| | - Eleonora Rivellini
- School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, 20900 Monza, Italy
| | - Marialuisa Lavitrano
- School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, 20900 Monza, Italy
| | - Romina Combi
- School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, 20900 Monza, Italy
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33
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Barbieri MA, Bagnato G, Ioppolo C, Versace AG, Irrera N. Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Chronic Neurological Disorders: Focus on Patients with Dementia. CNS & NEUROLOGICAL DISORDERS DRUG TARGETS 2022; 21:1017-1026. [PMID: 35021982 DOI: 10.2174/1871527321666220111124928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2021] [Revised: 10/13/2021] [Accepted: 10/28/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The new severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) disease (COVID-19) represents a public health problem worldwide. COVID-19 triggers a maladaptive cytokine release commonly referred to as cytokine storm syndrome with increased production of proinflammatory cytokines, which also appears to contribute to chronic neuroinflammation and neurodegenerative disorders' appearance, including multiple sclerosis, Parkinson's disease, and Alzheimer's disease. In this context, SARS-CoV-2 might enter the central nervous system through binding with the angiotensin converting enzyme 2 receptors which are highly expressed in glial cells and neurons. For this reason, an association between COVID-19, its dependent cytokine storm, and the development and/or progression of neurodegenerative disorders might be evaluated. Therefore, the aim of this review was to assess the impact of COVID-19 on neurodegenerative disorders, focusing on the possible increased mortality risk and/or deterioration of the clinical course of pre-existing chronic neurological diseases in patients with dementia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Antonietta Barbieri
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, c/o AOU Policlinico G. Martino, Via C. Valeria, Gazzi, 98125, Messina, Italy
| | - Gianluca Bagnato
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, c/o AOU Policlinico G. Martino, Via C. Valeria, Gazzi, 98125, Messina, Italy
| | - Carmelo Ioppolo
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, c/o AOU Policlinico G. Martino, Via C. Valeria, Gazzi, 98125, Messina, Italy
| | - Antonio Giovanni Versace
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, c/o AOU Policlinico G. Martino, Via C. Valeria, Gazzi, 98125, Messina, Italy
| | - Natasha Irrera
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, c/o AOU Policlinico G. Martino, Via C. Valeria, Gazzi, 98125, Messina, Italy
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34
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Beserra A, Oliveira B, Portugal E, Dutra P, Laks J, Deslandes A, Moraes H. Cortisol Reactivity to a physical stressor in Patients with Depression and Alzheimer's disease. Dement Neuropsychol 2022; 16:61-68. [PMID: 35719259 PMCID: PMC9170255 DOI: 10.1590/1980-5764-dn-2021-0066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2021] [Revised: 08/21/2021] [Accepted: 09/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Some prevalent mental disorders in the elderly, such as Alzheimer's disease (AD) and major depression disorder (MDD), are associated with chronic stress and consequently with possible dysregulation of hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal (HPA) axis and cortisol levels in basal conditions or in the reactivity of an acute stressor. However, evidence of cortisol behavior after a physical stressor in patients with AD and MDD is scarce.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Beserra
- Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Instituto de Psiquiatria, Rio de Janeiro RJ, Brazil.,Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Laboratório de Neurociência do Exercício, Rio de Janeiro RJ, Brazil
| | - Bruno Oliveira
- Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro, Departamento de Educação Física e Esportes, Rio de Janeiro RJ, Brazil
| | - Eduardo Portugal
- Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Laboratório de Fisiologia do Exercício, Rio de Janeiro RJ, Brazil
| | - Patrícia Dutra
- Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Laboratório de Imunofisiologia do Exercício, Rio de Janeiro RJ, Brazil
| | - Jerson Laks
- Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Instituto de Psiquiatria, Rio de Janeiro RJ, Brazil.,Universidade do Grande Rio, Programa de Biomedicina Translacional, Rio de Janeiro RJ, Brazil
| | - Andrea Deslandes
- Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Instituto de Psiquiatria, Rio de Janeiro RJ, Brazil.,Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Laboratório de Neurociência do Exercício, Rio de Janeiro RJ, Brazil
| | - Helena Moraes
- Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Laboratório de Neurociência do Exercício, Rio de Janeiro RJ, Brazil.,Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Laboratório de Fisiologia do Exercício, Rio de Janeiro RJ, Brazil
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35
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Wang Y, Zhang H, Wang J, Yu M, Zhang Q, Yan S, You D, Shi L, Zhang L, Wang L, Wu H, Cao X. Aconiti lateralis Radix Praeparata inhibits Alzheimer's disease by regulating the complex regulation network with the core of GRIN1 and MAPK1. PHARMACEUTICAL BIOLOGY 2021; 59:311-320. [PMID: 33784489 PMCID: PMC8018400 DOI: 10.1080/13880209.2021.1900879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2020] [Revised: 01/26/2021] [Accepted: 03/04/2021] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT Current medicine for Alzheimer's disease (AD) cannot effectively reverse or block nerve injury. Traditional Chinese Medicine practice and research imply Aconiti lateralis Radix Praeparata (Fuzi) may meet this goal. OBJECTIVE Analysing the anti-AD effect of Fuzi and its potential molecular mechanism. MATERIALS AND METHODS AD model cells were treated with Fuzi in 0-300 mg/mL for 24 h in 37 °C. The cell viability (CV) and length of cell projections (LCP) for each group were observed, analysed, and standardised using control as a baseline (CVs and LCPs). The Fuzi and AD relevant genes were identified basing on databases, and the molecular mechanism of Fuzi anti-AD was predicted by network analysis. RESULTS Experiment results showed that Fuzi in 0.4 mg/mL boosted LCP (LCPs = 1.2533, p ≤ 0.05), and in 1.6-100 mg/mL increased CV (CVs from 1.1673 to 1.3321, p ≤ 0.05). Bioinformatics analysis found 17 Fuzi target genes (relevant scores ≥ 20), showing strong AD relevant signals (RMS_p ≤ 0.05, related scores ≥ 5), enriched in the pathways regulating axon growth, synaptic plasticity, cell survival, proliferation, apoptosis, and death (p ≤ 0.05). Especially, GRIN1 and MAPK1 interacted with APP protein and located in the key point of the "Alzheimer's disease" pathway. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSIONS These results suggest that Fuzi may have therapeutic and prevention potential in AD, and GRIN1 and MAPK1 may be the core of the pathways of the Fuzi anti-AD process. Fuzi should be studied more extensively, especially for the prevention of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yutao Wang
- Department of Laboratory Animal Science, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
- Basic Medical College, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Huixiang Zhang
- Institute of Neuroscience, Basic Medical College, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Jing Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
| | - Ming Yu
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Bioengineering Centre, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, P.R. China
| | - Qianqian Zhang
- Basic Medical College, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Shan Yan
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Bioengineering Centre, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, P.R. China
| | - Dingyun You
- School of Public Health, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Lanlan Shi
- Basic Medical College, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Lihuan Zhang
- Department of Laboratory Animal Science, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Limei Wang
- Department of Laboratory Animal Science, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Hongxiang Wu
- Faculty of Rehabilitation Medicine, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Xue Cao
- Department of Laboratory Animal Science, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
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Influence of MRI on Diagnostic Efficacy and Satisfaction of Patients with Alzheimer's Disease. COMPUTATIONAL AND MATHEMATICAL METHODS IN MEDICINE 2021; 2021:9038784. [PMID: 34790255 PMCID: PMC8592746 DOI: 10.1155/2021/9038784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2021] [Revised: 10/06/2021] [Accepted: 11/01/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To inquire into the influence of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) on the diagnostic efficacy and satisfaction of patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD). METHODS This study included 42 healthy people (control group) and 66 patients with AD (AD group). The hippocampus volume, temporal sulcus spacing, left-right brain diameter, brain lobe volume, hippocampal height, temporal horn width, lateral fissure width, and degree of leukoaraiosis were all measured using an MRI scan. After diagnosis, the satisfaction of patients in both arms was investigated and the satisfaction degree was recorded. RESULTS Compared with the control group, the left and right hippocampal volumes and hippocampal height of AD patients were smaller, while the temporal sulcus spacing, temporal horn width, lateral fissure width, and left-right brain diameter were remarkably higher. A statistical difference was present in the degree of leukoaraiosis between the two arms. The frontal and temporal lobe volumes of AD patients were notably lower while the volumes of parietal and occipital lobes were similar, versus the control group. The total satisfaction was 83.33% in the control group and 86.36% in the AD group, with no statistical difference between the two arms. CONCLUSIONS MRI can effectively mine the brain information of AD patients with a high patient satisfaction, which has potential value in clinical application.
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Fleming V, Piro-Gambetti B, Patrick A, Zammit M, Alexander A, Christian BT, Handen B, Cohen A, Klunk W, Laymon C, Ances BM, Plante DT, Okonkwo O, Hartley SL. Physical activity and cognitive and imaging biomarkers of Alzheimer's disease in down syndrome. Neurobiol Aging 2021; 107:118-127. [PMID: 34428720 PMCID: PMC8641014 DOI: 10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2021.07.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2021] [Revised: 07/22/2021] [Accepted: 07/22/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Adults with Down syndrome (DS) are at risk for Alzheimer's disease. Despite sharing trisomy 21, however, there is variability in the age of disease onset. This variability may mean that other factors, such as lifestyle, influence cognitive aging and disease timing. The present study assessed the association between everyday life physical activity using an actigraph accelerometer and cognitive functioning and early Alzheimer's disease pathology via positron emission tomography amyloid-β and tau and diffusion tension imaging measures of white matter integrity in 61 non-demented adults with DS. Percent time in sedentary behavior and in moderate-to-vigorous activity were associated (negatively and positively, respectively) with cognitive functioning (r = -.472 to .572, p < 0.05). Neither sedentary behavior nor moderate-to-vigorous activity were associated with amyloid-β or tau, but both were associated with white matter integrity in the superior and inferior longitudinal fasciculus (Fractional Anisotropy: r = -.397 to -.419, p < 0.05; Mean Diffusivity: r = .400, p < 0.05). Longitudinal studies are needed to determine if physical activity promotes healthy aging in DS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victoria Fleming
- Waisman Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA; School of Human Ecology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Brianna Piro-Gambetti
- Waisman Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA; School of Human Ecology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Austin Patrick
- Waisman Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA; Department of Medical Physics, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Matthew Zammit
- Waisman Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA; Department of Medical Physics, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Andrew Alexander
- Waisman Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA; Department of Medical Physics, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Bradley T Christian
- Waisman Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA; Department of Medical Physics, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Benjamin Handen
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Annie Cohen
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - William Klunk
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Charles Laymon
- Department of Radiology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Beau M Ances
- Department of Neurology, Washington University at St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - David T Plante
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Ozioma Okonkwo
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA; Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Sigan L Hartley
- Waisman Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA; School of Human Ecology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA.
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Association between Hypothyroidism Onset and Alzheimer Disease Onset in Adults with Down Syndrome. Brain Sci 2021; 11:brainsci11091223. [PMID: 34573243 PMCID: PMC8468431 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci11091223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2021] [Revised: 09/04/2021] [Accepted: 09/08/2021] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Adults with Down syndrome (DS) have an exceptionally high frequency of Alzheimer disease (AD) with a wide variability in onset, from 40 to 70 years of age. Equally prevalent in DS is hypothyroidism. In this study, we sought to quantify the relationship between the two. A total of 232 adults with DS and AD were stratified into three AD onset age groups: early (<47 years), typical (48–59), and late (>59). Among patients with available data, differences in the distributions of demographics, hypothyroidism variables (presence, age of onset), thyroid function tests, thyroid autoantibodies, and APOE genotypes were assessed (e.g., chi-squared, Mann–Whitney tests). Spearman and partial Spearman correlations and ordinal logistic regression models were constructed to quantify the association between ages of AD and hypothyroidism onset with and without covariate adjustments. We observed a positive association between the ages of AD and hypothyroidism onset after accounting for APOE-Ɛ4 (correlation: 0.44, 0.24, 0.60; odds ratio: 1.09, 1.05–1.14). However, an early age of hypothyroidism onset and the presence of the APOE-Ɛ4 allele were independently associated with the early age of AD onset. Similar findings were observed when accounting for other factors. Our study provides evidence for the importance of hypothyroidism and associated pathological mechanisms for risk of AD in DS.
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Fathi M, Taghizadeh F, Mojtahedi H, Zargar Balaye Jame S, Markazi Moghaddam N. The effects of Alzheimer's and Parkinson's disease on 28-day mortality of COVID-19. Rev Neurol (Paris) 2021; 178:129-136. [PMID: 34556345 PMCID: PMC8435376 DOI: 10.1016/j.neurol.2021.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2021] [Revised: 08/18/2021] [Accepted: 08/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
We compared the prognosis of inpatients with a known diagnosis of Alzheimer's or Parkinson's disease who have COVID-19 infection with other hospitalized patients with COVID-19. Our cohort study started in October 2020 and ended in May 2021 and included inpatients with COVID-19 infection who were admitted to hospitals. From a total of 67,871 patients with a confirmed diagnosis of COVID-19, a sample of 3732 individuals were selected of which 363 had Alzheimer's, and 259 had Parkinson's disease. All patients had both positive RT-PCR test and positive chest CT for COVID-19. The outcome was dead within 28 days of admission and the predictors were a large number of demographic and clinical features, and comorbidities recorded at patients’ bedside. Mortality were 37.5%, 35.1%, and 29.5% in patients with Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease; and in other patients, respectively. The hazard ratio for Alzheimer's disease was 1.27 (95% CI, 1.06–1.53, p = 0.010) and for Parkinson's disease was 1.17 (95% CI, 0.94–1.46, p = 0.171). Age was a predictor of mortality, hazard ratio = 1.04 (95% CI, 1.03–1.05, p < 0.001). Patients with Alzheimer's disease and COVID-19 infection were older and more likely to have a loss of consciousness on admission (both p ≤ 0.001). We concluded that inpatients with Alzheimer's disease have an increased risk for 28-day mortality from COVID-19 and healthcare settings should be ready to provide critical care for them such as early intubation and immediate O2 therapy. However, Parkinson's disease does not significantly predict higher mortality of COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Fathi
- Department of Anesthesiology, Faculty of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Critical Care Quality Improvement Research Center, Shahid Modarres Hospital, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - F Taghizadeh
- Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences Research Center, Addiction Institute, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran.
| | - H Mojtahedi
- Critical Care Quality Improvement Research Center, Shahid Modarres Hospital, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - S Zargar Balaye Jame
- Department of Health Management and Economics, Faculty of Medicine, AJA University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - N Markazi Moghaddam
- Critical Care Quality Improvement Research Center, Shahid Modarres Hospital, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Department of Health Management and Economics, Faculty of Medicine, AJA University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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Kovács Z, Brunner B, Ari C. Beneficial Effects of Exogenous Ketogenic Supplements on Aging Processes and Age-Related Neurodegenerative Diseases. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13072197. [PMID: 34206738 PMCID: PMC8308443 DOI: 10.3390/nu13072197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2021] [Revised: 06/23/2021] [Accepted: 06/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Life expectancy of humans has increased continuously up to the present days, but their health status (healthspan) was not enhanced by similar extent. To decrease enormous medical, economical and psychological burden that arise from this discrepancy, improvement of healthspan is needed that leads to delaying both aging processes and development of age-related diseases, thereby extending lifespan. Thus, development of new therapeutic tools to alleviate aging processes and related diseases and to increase life expectancy is a topic of increasing interest. It is widely accepted that ketosis (increased blood ketone body levels, e.g., β-hydroxybutyrate) can generate neuroprotective effects. Ketosis-evoked neuroprotective effects may lead to improvement in health status and delay both aging and the development of related diseases through improving mitochondrial function, antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects, histone and non-histone acetylation, β-hydroxybutyrylation of histones, modulation of neurotransmitter systems and RNA functions. Administration of exogenous ketogenic supplements was proven to be an effective method to induce and maintain a healthy state of nutritional ketosis. Consequently, exogenous ketogenic supplements, such as ketone salts and ketone esters, may mitigate aging processes, delay the onset of age-associated diseases and extend lifespan through ketosis. The aim of this review is to summarize the main hallmarks of aging processes and certain signaling pathways in association with (putative) beneficial influences of exogenous ketogenic supplements-evoked ketosis on lifespan, aging processes, the most common age-related neurodegenerative diseases (Alzheimer’s disease, Parkinson’s disease and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis), as well as impaired learning and memory functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zsolt Kovács
- Department of Biology, Savaria University Centre, ELTE Eötvös Loránd University, Károlyi Gáspár tér 4., 9700 Szombathely, Hungary; (Z.K.); (B.B.)
| | - Brigitta Brunner
- Department of Biology, Savaria University Centre, ELTE Eötvös Loránd University, Károlyi Gáspár tér 4., 9700 Szombathely, Hungary; (Z.K.); (B.B.)
- Faculty of Sciences, Institute of Biology, University of Pécs, Ifjúság Str. 6, 7624 Pécs, Hungary
| | - Csilla Ari
- Behavioral Neuroscience Research Laboratory, Department of Psychology, University of South Florida, 4202 E. Fowler Ave, PCD 3127, Tampa, FL 33620, USA
- Ketone Technologies LLC, 2780 E. Fowler Ave. #226, Tampa, FL 33612, USA
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-(813)-2409925
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Neuroprotective Effects of Tripeptides-Epigenetic Regulators in Mouse Model of Alzheimer's Disease. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2021; 14:ph14060515. [PMID: 34071923 PMCID: PMC8227791 DOI: 10.3390/ph14060515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2021] [Revised: 05/19/2021] [Accepted: 05/26/2021] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
KED and EDR peptides prevent dendritic spines loss in amyloid synaptotoxicity in in vitro model of Alzheimer’s disease (AD). The objective of this paper was to study epigenetic mechanisms of EDR and KED peptides’ neuroprotective effects on neuroplasticity and dendritic spine morphology in an AD mouse model. Daily intraperitoneal administration of the KED peptide in 5xFAD mice from 2 to 4 months of age at a concentration of 400 μg/kg tended to increase neuroplasticity. KED and EDR peptides prevented dendritic spine loss in 5xFAD-M mice. Their action’s possible molecular mechanisms were investigated by molecular modeling and docking of peptides in dsDNA, containing all possible combinations of hexanucleotide sequences. Similar DNA sequences were found in the lowest-energy complexes of the studied peptides with DNA in the classical B-form. EDR peptide has binding sites in the promoter region of CASP3, NES, GAP43, APOE, SOD2, PPARA, PPARG, GDX1 genes. Protein products of these genes are involved in AD pathogenesis. The neuroprotective effect of EDR and KED peptides in AD can be defined by their ability to prevent dendritic spine elimination and neuroplasticity impairments at the molecular epigenetic level.
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Xia X, Wang Y, Zheng J. COVID-19 and Alzheimer's disease: how one crisis worsens the other. Transl Neurodegener 2021; 10:15. [PMID: 33941272 PMCID: PMC8090526 DOI: 10.1186/s40035-021-00237-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2020] [Accepted: 04/05/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer’s disease (AD) has emerged as a key comorbidity of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2). The morbidity and mortality of COVID-19 are elevated in AD due to multiple pathological changes in AD patients such as the excessive expression of viral receptor angiotensin converting enzyme 2 and pro-inflammatory molecules, various AD complications including diabetes, lifestyle alterations in AD, and drug-drug interactions. Meanwhile, COVID-19 has also been reported to cause various neurologic symptoms including cognitive impairment that may ultimately result in AD, probably through the invasion of SARS-CoV-2 into the central nervous system, COVID-19-induced inflammation, long-term hospitalization and delirium, and post-COVID-19 syndrome. In addition, the COVID-19 crisis also worsens behavioral symptoms in uninfected AD patients and poses new challenges for AD prevention. In this review, we first introduce the symptoms and pathogenesis of COVID-19 and AD. Next, we provide a comprehensive discussion on the aggravating effects of AD on COVID-19 and the underlying mechanisms from molecular to social levels. We also highlight the influence of COVID-19 on cognitive function, and propose possible routes of viral invasion into the brain and potential mechanisms underlying the COVID-19-induced cognitive impairment. Last, we summarize the negative impacts of COVID-19 pandemic on uninfected AD patients and dementia prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaohuan Xia
- Center for Translational Neurodegeneration and Regenerative Therapy, Tenth People's Hospital of Tongji University, Shanghai, 200072, China. .,Translational Research Institute of Brain and Brain-Like Intelligence, Shanghai Fourth People's Hospital Affiliated to Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200434, China.
| | - Yi Wang
- Center for Translational Neurodegeneration and Regenerative Therapy, Tenth People's Hospital of Tongji University, Shanghai, 200072, China.,Translational Research Institute of Brain and Brain-Like Intelligence, Shanghai Fourth People's Hospital Affiliated to Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200434, China
| | - Jialin Zheng
- Center for Translational Neurodegeneration and Regenerative Therapy, Tenth People's Hospital of Tongji University, Shanghai, 200072, China. .,Translational Research Institute of Brain and Brain-Like Intelligence, Shanghai Fourth People's Hospital Affiliated to Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200434, China. .,Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, China. .,Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Neuroscience, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198-5930, USA.
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Bhattacharya T, Dey PS, Akter R, Kabir MT, Rahman MH, Rauf A. Effect of natural leaf extracts as phytomedicine in curing geriatrics. Exp Gerontol 2021; 150:111352. [PMID: 33894308 DOI: 10.1016/j.exger.2021.111352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2020] [Revised: 03/22/2021] [Accepted: 04/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Old age is viewed as an unavoidable, undesirable, and problem-ridden phase of life. As people age, they become more susceptible to disease and disability due to various factors like low immunity, decreased functionality of cells, DNA damage, higher incidence of inflammation, etc. Healthy aging is very important. The nutrition and health of the elderly is often neglected. Nutritional interventions could play an important part in the prevention of degenerative conditions of the elderly and an improvement of their quality of life. The medicinal properties of plants are always believed for its therapeutic effect and its efficiency in treating many without adverse effects. The role of phytomedicine in aging is very crucial as it possesses important bioactive compounds and constituents (such as polyphenols, flavonoids, phenolic acids, and others) which are considered to provide anti-aging properties as well as helps in reducing age-associated problems. Some natural leaves such as Moringa oleifera, curry leaves, guava leaves, green tea, olive leaves, Ginkgo biloba, thankuni leaves, grape leaves, vasaka leaves, and kulekhara leaves are found to have therapeutic effects against diseases like cancer, diabetes, immunosuppression, hepatic damage, and neurodegenerative disorders. Hence, this review aims at understanding the effectiveness of these natural products in curing the geriatric population and the mechanism by which the therapeutic effects are exerted by them.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tanima Bhattacharya
- School of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Hubei University, Wuhan 430062, China; Department of Science & Engineering, Novel Global Community Educational Foundation, NSW, Australia
| | - Protity Shuvra Dey
- Department of Food Science & Nutrition Management, J.D.Birla Institute, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
| | - Rokeya Akter
- Department of Pharmacy, Jagannath University, Sadarghat, Dhaka-1100, Bangladesh
| | - Md Tanvir Kabir
- Department of Pharmacy, Brac University, 66 Mohakhali, Dhaka 1212, Bangladesh
| | - Md Habibur Rahman
- Department of Pharmacy, Southeast University, Banani, Dhaka 1213, Bangladesh.
| | - Abdur Rauf
- Department of Chemistry, University of Swabi, Swabi, Anbar 23430 KPK, Pakistan
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Lin CH, Chen PK, Wang SH, Lane HY. Effect of Sodium Benzoate on Cognitive Function Among Patients With Behavioral and Psychological Symptoms of Dementia: Secondary Analysis of a Randomized Clinical Trial. JAMA Netw Open 2021; 4:e216156. [PMID: 33881530 PMCID: PMC8060832 DOI: 10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2021.6156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
IMPORTANCE Female gender is a major risk factor for dementia; however, gender has not yet been adequately addressed by clinical trials. A recent study demonstrated that sodium benzoate, a D-amino acid oxidase inhibitor, improved cognitive function in early-phase Alzheimer disease. OBJECTIVE To examine the potential gender difference in the effects of benzoate treatment on the behavioral and psychological symptoms of dementia (BPSD). DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS This post hoc secondary analysis used data from a randomized, double-masked, placebo-controlled trial conducted in 3 major medical centers in Taiwan and enrolled 97 patients with BPSD. Data were analyzed between February 2014 and November 2017. INTERVENTIONS Six weeks of treatment of 250 to 1500 mg/d of sodium benzoate or placebo. MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES The primary outcome measures were Alzheimer disease assessment scale-cognitive subscale (ADAS-cog) and Behavioral Pathology in Alzheimer Disease Rating Scale (BEHAVE-AD) scores. RESULTS Among 97 total participants (62 [64%] women; mean [SD] age, 75.4 [7.7] years), 49 patients (30 women and 19 men) were randomized to sodium benzoate, and 48 (32 women and 16 men) were randomized to placebo. Among 62 women, 6-week benzoate treatment significantly surpassed placebo in the effects on ADAS-cog performance (mean [SD] difference in score between baseline and end point, -3.1 [6.4] points vs 0 [4.5] points; Cohen d = 0.56; P = .04) but not BEHAVE-AD performance. In contrast, among 35 men, the 2 treatment groups did not differ significantly in both ADAS-cog and BEHAVE-AD scores. Compared with placebo, benzoate treatment also increased estradiol to follicle-stimulating hormone ratios among women (mean [SD] difference between baseline and end point, 0 [0.2] vs -0.1 [0.3]; P = .03). CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE These findings suggest that benzoate treatment may improve cognitive function in women with later-phase dementia. In the future, longer dose-finding trials are warranted to further clarify the efficacy of benzoate for later-phase dementia and investigate the role of sex hormones and other factors in the pathogenesis of dementia. TRIAL REGISTRATION ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT02103673.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chieh-Hsin Lin
- Department of Psychiatry, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
- School of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Ping-Kun Chen
- School of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Department of Neurology, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Shi-Heng Wang
- Department of Occupational Safety and Health, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Hsien-Yuan Lane
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Department of Psychiatry & Brain Disease Research Center, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
- Department of Psychology, College of Medical and Health Sciences, Asia University, Taichung, Taiwan
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Siddappaji KK, Gopal S. Molecular mechanisms in Alzheimer's disease and the impact of physical exercise with advancements in therapeutic approaches. AIMS Neurosci 2021; 8:357-389. [PMID: 34183987 PMCID: PMC8222772 DOI: 10.3934/neuroscience.2021020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2020] [Accepted: 03/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is one of the most common, severe neurodegenerative brain disorder characterized by the accumulation of amyloid-beta plaques, neurofibrillary tangles in the brain causing neural disintegration, synaptic dysfunction, and neuronal death leading to dementia. Although many US-FDA-approved drugs like Donepezil, Rivastigmine, Galantamine are available in the market, their consumption reduces only the symptoms of the disease but fails in potency to cure the disease. This disease affects many individuals with aging. Combating the disease tends to be very expensive. This review focuses on biochemical mechanisms in the neuron both at normal and AD state with relevance to the tau hypothesis, amyloid hypothesis, the risk factors influencing dementia, oxidative stress, and neuroinflammation altogether integrated with neurodegeneration. A brief survey is carried out on available biomarkers in the diagnosis of the disease, drugs used for the treatment, and the challenges in approaching therapeutic targets in inhibiting the disease pathologies. This review conjointly assesses the demerits with the inefficiency of drugs to reach targets, their side effects, and toxicity. Optimistically, this review directs on the advantageous strategies in using nanotechnology-based drug delivery systems to cross the blood-brain barrier for improving the efficacy of drugs combined with a novel neuronal stem cell therapy approach. Determinately, this review aims at the natural, non-therapeutic healing impact of physical exercise on different model organisms and the effect of safe neuromodulation treatments using repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (rTMS), transcranial Electrical Stimulation (tES) in humans to control the disease pathologies prominent in enhancing the synaptic function.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Shubha Gopal
- Department of Studies in Microbiology, University of Mysore, Mysuru, 570006, Karnataka, India
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Librizzi D, Cabanel N, Zavorotnyy M, Riehl E, Kircher T, Luster M, Hooshyar Yousefi B. Clinical Relevance of [ 18F]Florbetaben and [ 18F]FDG PET/CT Imaging on the Management of Patients with Dementia. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26051282. [PMID: 33652938 PMCID: PMC7956266 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26051282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2020] [Revised: 02/22/2021] [Accepted: 02/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
PET of β-Amyloid plaques (Aβ) using [18F]florbetaben ([18F]FBB) and [18F]fluorodeoxyglucose ([18F]FDG) increasingly aid clinicians in early diagnosis of dementia, including Alzheimer’s disease (AD), frontotemporal disease, dementia with Lewy bodies, and vascular dementia. The aim of this retrospective analysis was to evaluate clinical relevance of [18F]FBB, [18F]FDG PET and complimentary CSF measurements in patients with suspected dementia. In this study, 40 patients with clinically suspected or history of dementia underwent (1) measurement of Aβ peptides, total tau, and p-tau protein levels in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) compared with healthy controls (HC); (2) clinical and neuropsychological assessment, which included Consortium to Establish a Registry for Alzheimer’s Disease neuropsychological assessment battery (CERAD-NAB); (3) [18F]FBB and [18F]FDG PET imaging within an average of 3 weeks. The subjects were within 15 days stratified using PET, CSF measurements as HC, mild cognitive impaired (MCI) and dementia including Alzheimer´s disease. The predictive dementia-related cognitive decline values were supporting the measurements. PET images were evaluated visually and quantitatively using standard uptake value ratios (SUVR). Twenty-one (52.5%) subjects were amyloid-positive (Aβ+), with a median neocortical SUVR of 1.80 for AD versus 1.20 relative to the respective 19 (47.5 %) amyloid-negative (Aβ-) subjects. Moreover, the [18F]FDG and [18F]FBB confirmed within a sub-group of 10 patients a good complimentary role by correlation between amyloid pathology and brain glucose metabolism in 8 out of 10 subjects. The results suggest the clinical relevance for [18F]FBB combined with [18F]FDG PET retention and CFS measurements serving the management of our patients with dementia. Therefore, [18F]FBB combined with [18F]FDG PET is a helpful tool for differential diagnosis, and supports the patients’ management as well as treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Damiano Librizzi
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Philipps-University of Marburg, 35043 Marburg, Germany; (D.L.); (E.R.); (M.L.)
| | - Nicole Cabanel
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Philipps-University of Marburg, 35039 Marburg, Germany; (N.C.); (M.Z.); (T.K.)
- Marburg Center for Mind, Brain and Behavior—MCMBB, University of Marburg, 35032 Marburg, Germany
| | - Maxim Zavorotnyy
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Philipps-University of Marburg, 35039 Marburg, Germany; (N.C.); (M.Z.); (T.K.)
- Marburg Center for Mind, Brain and Behavior—MCMBB, University of Marburg, 35032 Marburg, Germany
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Psychiatric Services Aargau, Academic Hospital of the University of Zurich, 5210 Windisch, Switzerland
| | - Elisabeth Riehl
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Philipps-University of Marburg, 35043 Marburg, Germany; (D.L.); (E.R.); (M.L.)
| | - Tilo Kircher
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Philipps-University of Marburg, 35039 Marburg, Germany; (N.C.); (M.Z.); (T.K.)
- Marburg Center for Mind, Brain and Behavior—MCMBB, University of Marburg, 35032 Marburg, Germany
| | - Markus Luster
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Philipps-University of Marburg, 35043 Marburg, Germany; (D.L.); (E.R.); (M.L.)
| | - Behrooz Hooshyar Yousefi
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Philipps-University of Marburg, 35043 Marburg, Germany; (D.L.); (E.R.); (M.L.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +49-6421-586-5806
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Li M, Geng R, Li C, Meng F, Zhao H, Liu J, Dai J, Wang X. Dysregulated gene-associated biomarkers for Alzheimer's disease and aging. Transl Neurosci 2021; 12:83-95. [PMID: 33623715 PMCID: PMC7885957 DOI: 10.1515/tnsci-2021-0009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2020] [Revised: 12/20/2020] [Accepted: 01/18/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer’s disease (AD), the most common type of dementia, is a neurodegenerative disorder with a hidden onset, including difficult early detection and diagnosis. Nevertheless, the new crucial biomarkers for the diagnosis and pathogenesis of AD need to be explored further. Here, the common differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified through a comprehensive analysis of gene expression profiles from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database. Furthermore, Gene Ontology and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathway analyses revealed that these DEGs were mainly associated with biological processes, cellular components, and molecular functions, which are involved in multiple cellular functions. Next, we found that 9 of the 24 genes showed the same regulatory changes in the blood of patients with AD compared to those in the GEO database, and 2 of the 24 genes showed a significant correlation with Montreal Cognitive Assessment scores. Finally, we determined that mice with AD and elderly mice had the same regulatory changes in the identified DEGs in both the blood and hippocampus. Our study identified several potential core biomarkers of AD and aging, which could contribute to the early detection, differential diagnosis, treatment, and pathological analysis of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Li
- Department of Neurology, Binzhou Medical University Hospital, No. 661 Huanghe 2nd Road, Binzhou, Shandong, 256603, China
| | - Rongxin Geng
- Department of Neurosurgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430000, China
| | - Chen Li
- Institute for Metabolic & Neuropsychiatric Disorders, Binzhou Medical University Hospital, Binzhou, Shandong, 256603, China
| | - Fantao Meng
- Institute for Metabolic & Neuropsychiatric Disorders, Binzhou Medical University Hospital, Binzhou, Shandong, 256603, China
| | - Hongwei Zhao
- Department of Neurosurgery, Binzhou Medical University Hospital, Binzhou, Shandong, 256603, China
| | - Jing Liu
- Institute for Metabolic & Neuropsychiatric Disorders, Binzhou Medical University Hospital, Binzhou, Shandong, 256603, China
| | - Juanjuan Dai
- Cancer Research Institute, Binzhou Medical University Hospital, Binzhou, Shandong, 256603, China
| | - Xuezhen Wang
- Department of Neurology, Binzhou Medical University Hospital, No. 661 Huanghe 2nd Road, Binzhou, Shandong, 256603, China
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Aging and age-related diseases: from mechanisms to therapeutic strategies. Biogerontology 2021; 22:165-187. [PMID: 33502634 PMCID: PMC7838467 DOI: 10.1007/s10522-021-09910-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 160] [Impact Index Per Article: 53.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2020] [Accepted: 01/01/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Aging is a physiological process mediated by numerous biological and genetic pathways, which are directly linked to lifespan and are a driving force for all age-related diseases. Human life expectancy has greatly increased in the past few decades, but this has not been accompanied by a similar increase in their healthspan. At present, research on aging biology has focused on elucidating the biochemical and genetic pathways that contribute to aging over time. Several aging mechanisms have been identified, primarily including genomic instability, telomere shortening, and cellular senescence. Aging is a driving factor of various age-related diseases, including neurodegenerative diseases, cardiovascular diseases, cancer, immune system disorders, and musculoskeletal disorders. Efforts to find drugs that improve the healthspan by targeting the pathogenesis of aging have now become a hot topic in this field. In the present review, the status of aging research and the development of potential drugs for aging-related diseases, such as metformin, rapamycin, resveratrol, senolytics, as well as caloric restriction, are summarized. The feasibility, side effects, and future potential of these treatments are also discussed, which will provide a basis to develop novel anti-aging therapeutics for improving the healthspan and preventing aging-related diseases.
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Hosseini L, Sharif Nia H, Ashghali Farahani M. Hardiness in Family Caregivers During Caring From Persons With Alzheimer's Disease: A Deductive Content Analysis Study. Front Psychiatry 2021; 12:770717. [PMID: 35069280 PMCID: PMC8766820 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2021.770717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2021] [Accepted: 12/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: This study was designed to describe the experiences of family Caregivers' hardiness in caring for Alzheimer's Patients. Methods: The deductive content analysis method was performed between April 2020 and February 2021 in one of the teaching hospitals in Iran. Fourteen family caregivers of Alzheimer's patients were selected using purposive and snowballing sampling and the data were collected by semi-structured interviews. After that, data were analyzed using Elo and Kingas steps. Results: The results of this study showed that based on the experiences of family caregivers, the family caregivers' hardiness in caring for Alzheimer's patients is a feature of cognitive ability to deal with stressful care situations and consists of five dimensions of commitment, control, challenge, communication and culture with 22 generic categories that they were nested into this five dimension. Conclusion: Family caregivers' hardiness is a trait related to the individual and environmental factors, and the prevailing social and cultural conditions affect the individual's perception and experience of hardship and threats, as well as his/her understanding of protective factors and how to use them. Therefore, hardiness should not be interpreted as a simple approach regardless of culture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lida Hosseini
- School of Nursing and Midwifery, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hamid Sharif Nia
- School of Nursing and Midwifery Amol, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| | - Mansoureh Ashghali Farahani
- Nursing Care Research Center, Medical-Surgical Nursing Department, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Iran University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran
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Raj S, Dsouza LA, Singh SP, Kanwal A. Sirt6 Deacetylase: A Potential Key Regulator in the Prevention of Obesity, Diabetes and Neurodegenerative Disease. Front Pharmacol 2020; 11:598326. [PMID: 33442387 PMCID: PMC7797778 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2020.598326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2020] [Accepted: 10/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Sirtuins, NAD + dependent proteins belonging to class III histone deacetylases, are involved in regulating numerous cellular processes including cellular stress, insulin resistance, inflammation, mitochondrial biogenesis, chromatin silencing, cell cycle regulation, transcription, and apoptosis. Of the seven mammalian sirtuins present in humans, Sirt6 is an essential nuclear sirtuin. Until recently, Sirt6 was thought to regulate chromatin silencing, but new research indicates its role in aging, diabetes, cardiovascular disease, lipid metabolism, neurodegenerative diseases, and cancer. Various murine models demonstrate that Sirt6 activation is beneficial in alleviating many disease conditions and increasing lifespan, showing that Sirt6 is a critical therapeutic target in the treatment of various disease conditions in humans. Sirt6 also regulates the pathogenesis of multiple diseases by acting on histone proteins and non-histone proteins. Endogenous and non-endogenous modulators regulate both activation and inhibition of Sirt6. Few Sirt6 specific non-endogenous modulators have been identified. Hence the identification of Sirt6 specific modulators may have potential therapeutic roles in the diseases described above. In this review, we describe the development of Sirt6, the role it plays in the human condition, the functional role and therapeutic importance in disease processes, and specific modulators and molecular mechanism of Sirt6 in the regulation of metabolic homeostasis, cardiovascular disease, aging, and neurodegenerative disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Swapnil Raj
- Department of Pharmacology, Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, India
| | - Liston Augustine Dsouza
- Department of Pharmacology, Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, India
| | - Shailendra Pratap Singh
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Engineering and Technology, Central University of Rajasthan, Kishangarh, India
| | - Abhinav Kanwal
- Department of Pharmacology, Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, India
- Department of Pharmacology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS), Bathinda, India
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