1
|
Herbst CH, Bouteau A, Menykő EJ, Qin Z, Gyenge E, Su Q, Cooper V, Mabbott NA, Igyártó BZ. Dendritic cells overcome Cre/Lox induced gene deficiency by siphoning cytosolic material from surrounding cells. iScience 2024; 27:109119. [PMID: 38384841 PMCID: PMC10879714 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2024.109119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2023] [Revised: 01/10/2024] [Accepted: 01/31/2024] [Indexed: 02/23/2024] Open
Abstract
In a previous report, keratinocytes were shown to share their gene expression profile with surrounding Langerhans cells (LCs), influencing LC biology. Here, we investigated whether transferred material could substitute for lost gene products in cells subjected to Cre/Lox conditional gene deletion. We found that in human Langerin-Cre mice, epidermal LCs and CD11b+CD103+ mesenteric DCs overcome gene deletion if the deleted gene was expressed by neighboring cells. The mechanism of material transfer differed from traditional antigen uptake routes, relying on calcium and PI3K, being susceptible to polyguanylic acid inhibition, and remaining unaffected by inflammation. Termed intracellular monitoring, this process was specific to DCs, occurring in all murine DC subsets tested and human monocyte-derived DCs. The transferred material was presented on MHC-I and MHC-II, suggesting a role in regulating immune responses.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Christopher H Herbst
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA
| | - Aurélie Bouteau
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA
| | - Evelin J Menykő
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA
| | - Zhen Qin
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA
| | - Ervin Gyenge
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA
| | - Qingtai Su
- OncoNano Medicine, Inc, Southlake, TX 76092, USA
| | - Vincent Cooper
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA
| | - Neil A Mabbott
- The Roslin Institute & Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Botond Z Igyártó
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Roy K, Kozłowski HM, Jędrzejewski T, Sobocińska J, Maciejewski B, Dzialuk A, Wrotek S. Endotoxin Tolerance Creates Favourable Conditions for Cancer Development. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:5113. [PMID: 37894480 PMCID: PMC10605812 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15205113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2023] [Revised: 10/06/2023] [Accepted: 10/20/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Endotoxin tolerance (ET) is an adaptive phenomenon of the immune system that protects the host from clinical complications due to repeated exposure of the body to endotoxins such as lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Since ET is an immunosuppressive mechanism in which a significant reprogramming of macrophages is observed, we hypothesized that it could influence cancer development by modifying the tumour environment. This study aimed to explore whether ET influences cancer progression by altering the tumour microenvironment. Endotoxin-tolerant macrophages (MoET) were examined for their impact on breast and colon cancer cells via direct interaction and conditioned media exposure. We characterized cancer cell behaviour by viability, clonogenic potential, motility, scratch assays, and 3D spheroidal assays. MoET-derived factors increased cancer cell viability, motility, and clonogenicity, suggesting a conducive environment for cancer development. Remarkably, despite reduced TNFα and IL-6 levels, MoET exhibited M1 polarization. These findings uncover an ET-associated macrophage reprogramming that fosters a favourable context for cancer progression across diverse tumours. Targeting ET could emerge as a promising avenue for cancer therapy and prevention.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Konkonika Roy
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Biology and Veterinary Sciences, Nicolaus Copernicus University, 1 Lwowska Street, 87-100 Torun, Poland
| | - Henryk Mikołaj Kozłowski
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Biology and Veterinary Sciences, Nicolaus Copernicus University, 1 Lwowska Street, 87-100 Torun, Poland
- Department of Genetics, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Kazimierz Wielki University, 10 Powstańców Wielkopolskich Ave., 85-090 Bydgoszcz, Poland
| | - Tomasz Jędrzejewski
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Biology and Veterinary Sciences, Nicolaus Copernicus University, 1 Lwowska Street, 87-100 Torun, Poland
| | - Justyna Sobocińska
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Biology and Veterinary Sciences, Nicolaus Copernicus University, 1 Lwowska Street, 87-100 Torun, Poland
| | - Bartosz Maciejewski
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Biology and Veterinary Sciences, Nicolaus Copernicus University, 1 Lwowska Street, 87-100 Torun, Poland
| | - Artur Dzialuk
- Department of Genetics, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Kazimierz Wielki University, 10 Powstańców Wielkopolskich Ave., 85-090 Bydgoszcz, Poland
| | - Sylwia Wrotek
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Biology and Veterinary Sciences, Nicolaus Copernicus University, 1 Lwowska Street, 87-100 Torun, Poland
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Tan Z, Chiu MS, Yang X, Yue M, Cheung TT, Zhou D, Wang Y, Chan AWH, Yan CW, Kwan KY, Wong YC, Li X, Zhou J, To KF, Zhu J, Lo CM, Cheng ASL, Chan SL, Liu L, Song YQ, Man K, Chen Z. Isoformic PD-1-mediated immunosuppression underlies resistance to PD-1 blockade in hepatocellular carcinoma patients. Gut 2023; 72:1568-1580. [PMID: 36450387 DOI: 10.1136/gutjnl-2022-327133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2022] [Accepted: 11/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Immune checkpoint blockade (ICB) has improved cancer treatment, yet why most hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) patients are resistant to PD-1 ICB remains elusive. Here, we elucidated the role of a programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1) isoform, Δ42PD-1, in HCC progression and resistance to nivolumab ICB. DESIGN We investigated 74 HCC patients in three cohorts, including 41 untreated, 28 treated with nivolumab and 5 treated with pembrolizumab. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells from blood samples and tumour infiltrating lymphocytes from tumour tissues were isolated for immunophenotyping. The functional significance of Δ42PD-1 was explored by single-cell RNA sequencing analysis and validated by functional and mechanistic studies. The immunotherapeutic efficacy of Δ42PD-1 monoclonal antibody was determined in HCC humanised mouse models. RESULTS We found distinct T cell subsets, which did not express PD-1 but expressed its isoform Δ42PD-1, accounting for up to 71% of cytotoxic T lymphocytes in untreated HCC patients. Δ42PD-1+ T cells were tumour-infiltrating and correlated positively with HCC severity. Moreover, they were more exhausted than PD-1+ T cells by single T cell and functional analysis. HCC patients treated with anti-PD-1 ICB showed effective PD-1 blockade but increased frequencies of Δ42PD-1+ T cells over time especially in patients with progressive disease. Tumour-infiltrated Δ42PD-1+ T cells likely sustained HCC through toll-like receptors-4-signalling for tumourigenesis. Anti-Δ42PD-1 antibody, but not nivolumab, inhibited tumour growth in three murine HCC models. CONCLUSION Our findings not only revealed a mechanism underlying resistance to PD-1 ICB but also identified anti-Δ42PD-1 antibody for HCC immunotherapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhiwu Tan
- AIDS Institute and Department of Microbiology, School of Clinical Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, People's Republic of China
- Centre for Virology, Vaccinology and Therapeutics, Hong Kong Science and Technology Park, Hong Kong SAR, People's Republic of China
| | - Mei Sum Chiu
- AIDS Institute and Department of Microbiology, School of Clinical Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, People's Republic of China
| | - Xinxiang Yang
- Department of Surgery, HKU-SZH & School of Clinical Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, People's Republic of China
| | - Ming Yue
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, People's Republic of China
| | - Tan To Cheung
- Department of Surgery, HKU-SZH & School of Clinical Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, People's Republic of China
| | - Dongyan Zhou
- AIDS Institute and Department of Microbiology, School of Clinical Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, People's Republic of China
- Centre for Virology, Vaccinology and Therapeutics, Hong Kong Science and Technology Park, Hong Kong SAR, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuewen Wang
- Department of Surgery, HKU-SZH & School of Clinical Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, People's Republic of China
| | - Anthony Wing-Hung Chan
- Department of Anatomical and Cellular Pathology, State Key Laboratory of Translational Oncology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, People's Republic of China
| | - Chi Wing Yan
- AIDS Institute and Department of Microbiology, School of Clinical Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, People's Republic of China
| | - Ka Yi Kwan
- AIDS Institute and Department of Microbiology, School of Clinical Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, People's Republic of China
| | - Yik Chun Wong
- AIDS Institute and Department of Microbiology, School of Clinical Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, People's Republic of China
| | - Xin Li
- AIDS Institute and Department of Microbiology, School of Clinical Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, People's Republic of China
| | - Jingying Zhou
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, People's Republic of China
| | - Ka Fai To
- Department of Anatomical and Cellular Pathology, State Key Laboratory of Translational Oncology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiye Zhu
- Department of Surgery, HKU-SZH & School of Clinical Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, People's Republic of China
| | - Chung Mau Lo
- Department of Surgery, HKU-SZH & School of Clinical Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, People's Republic of China
| | - Alfred Sze-Lok Cheng
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, People's Republic of China
| | - Stephen Lam Chan
- Department of Clinical Oncology and State Key Laboratory of Translational Oncology, Sir YK Pao Centre for Cancer, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, People's Republic of China
| | - Li Liu
- AIDS Institute and Department of Microbiology, School of Clinical Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, People's Republic of China
- Centre for Virology, Vaccinology and Therapeutics, Hong Kong Science and Technology Park, Hong Kong SAR, People's Republic of China
| | - You-Qiang Song
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, People's Republic of China
| | - Kwan Man
- Department of Surgery, HKU-SZH & School of Clinical Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhiwei Chen
- AIDS Institute and Department of Microbiology, School of Clinical Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, People's Republic of China
- Centre for Virology, Vaccinology and Therapeutics, Hong Kong Science and Technology Park, Hong Kong SAR, People's Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Callegari IOM, Rocha GZ, Oliveira AG. Physical exercise, health, and disease treatment: The role of macrophages. Front Physiol 2023; 14:1061353. [PMID: 37179836 PMCID: PMC10166825 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2023.1061353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2022] [Accepted: 04/11/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Subclinical inflammation is linked to comorbidities and risk factors, consolidating the diagnosis of chronic non-communicable diseases, such as insulin resistance, atherosclerosis, hepatic steatosis, and some types of cancer. In this context, the role of macrophages is highlighted as a marker of inflammation as well as for the high power of plasticity of these cells. Macrophages can be activated in a wide range between classical or proinflammatory, named M1, and alternative or anti-inflammatory, also known as M2 polarization. All nuances between M1 and M2 macrophages orchestrate the immune response by secreting different sets of chemokines, while M1 cells promote Th1 response, the M2 macrophages recruit Th2 and Tregs lymphocytes. In turn, physical exercise has been a faithful tool in combating the proinflammatory phenotype of macrophages. This review proposes to investigate the cellular and molecular mechanisms in which physical exercise can help control inflammation and infiltration of macrophages within the non-communicable diseases scope. During obesity progress, proinflammatory macrophages predominate in adipose tissue inflammation, which reduces insulin sensitivity until the development of type 2 diabetes, progression of atherosclerosis, and diagnosis of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. In this case, physical activity restores the balance between the proinflammatory/anti-inflammatory macrophage ratio, reducing the level of meta-inflammation. In the case of cancer, the tumor microenvironment is compatible with a high level of hypoxia, which contributes to the advancement of the disease. However, exercise increases the level of oxygen supply, favoring macrophage polarization in favor of disease regression.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Irineu O. M. Callegari
- Department of Physical Education, Bioscience Institute, São Paulo State University (UNESP), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Guilherme Z. Rocha
- Department of Internal Medicine, State University of Campinas, Campinas, Brazil
| | - Alexandre G. Oliveira
- Department of Physical Education, Bioscience Institute, São Paulo State University (UNESP), São Paulo, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Heine H, Zamyatina A. Therapeutic Targeting of TLR4 for Inflammation, Infection, and Cancer: A Perspective for Disaccharide Lipid A Mimetics. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2022; 16:23. [PMID: 36678520 PMCID: PMC9864529 DOI: 10.3390/ph16010023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2022] [Revised: 12/13/2022] [Accepted: 12/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) signaling pathway plays a central role in the prompt defense against infectious challenge and provides immediate response to Gram-negative bacterial infection. The TLR4/MD-2 complex can sense and respond to various pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) with bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS) being the most potent and the most frequently occurring activator of the TLR4-mediated inflammation. TLR4 is believed to be both a friend and foe since improperly regulated TLR4 signaling can result in the overactivation of immune responses leading to sepsis, acute lung injury, or pathologic chronic inflammation involved in cancer and autoimmune disease. TLR4 is also considered a legitimate target for vaccine adjuvant development since its activation can boost the adaptive immune responses. The dual action of the TLR4 complex justifies the efforts in the development of both TLR4 antagonists as antisepsis drug candidates or remedies for chronic inflammatory diseases and TLR4 agonists as vaccine adjuvants or immunotherapeutics. In this review, we provide a brief overview of the biochemical evidences for possible pharmacologic applications of TLR4 ligands as therapeutics and report our systematic studies on the design, synthesis, and immunobiological evaluation of carbohydrate-based TLR4 antagonists with nanomolar affinity for MD-2 as well as disaccharide-based TLR4 agonists with picomolar affinity for the TLR4/MD-2 complex.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Holger Heine
- Research Group Innate Immunity, Research Center Borstel—Leibniz Lung Center, Airway Research Center North (ARCN), German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Parkallee 22, 23845 Borstel, Germany
| | - Alla Zamyatina
- Department of Chemistry, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Muthgasse 18, 1190 Vienna, Austria
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Firmal P, Shah VK, Pant R, Chattopadhyay S. RING finger protein TOPORS modulates the expression of tumor suppressor SMAR1 in colorectal cancer via the TLR4-TRIF pathway. Mol Oncol 2021; 16:1523-1540. [PMID: 34689394 PMCID: PMC8978522 DOI: 10.1002/1878-0261.13126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2021] [Accepted: 10/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
TOP1‐binding arginine/serine‐rich protein (TOPORS), a really interesting new gene finger protein, has the ability to bind to a palindromic consensus DNA sequence that enables it to function as a potential transcriptional regulator. However, its role in regulating the transcription of cancer‐associated genes is yet to be explored. As Toll‐like receptor 4 (TLR4) agonists are known to regress solid tumors, we observed that lipopolysaccharide (LPS) induces TOPORS via a TLR4‐TIR domain‐containing adapter‐inducing interferon‐β‐dependent pathway, which in turn modulates the transcription of tumor suppressor scaffold/matrix attachment region‐binding protein 1 (SMAR1, also known as BANP). ChIP analysis showed that TOPORS binds on the SMAR1 promoter and its occupancy increases upon LPS treatment. A previous study from our laboratory revealed that SMAR1 acts as a repressor of signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) transcription. Tumor growth, as well as tumor‐associated macrophage polarization, depends on the status of the STAT1:STAT3 ratio. LPS‐induced SMAR1 expression decreases STAT3 expression and also skews the macrophage polarization toward M1 phenotype. In contrast, LPS failed to polarize tumor‐associated macrophages to M1 phenotype in a SMAR1‐silenced condition, which shows the involvement of SMAR1 in dictating the fate of colorectal cancer progression. Identification of the molecular mechanism behind LPS‐mediated tumor regression would be crucial for designing cancer treatment strategies involving bacterial components.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Priyanka Firmal
- National Centre for Cell Science, S.P. Pune University Campus, Ganeshkhind, Pune, 411007
| | - Vibhuti Kumar Shah
- National Centre for Cell Science, S.P. Pune University Campus, Ganeshkhind, Pune, 411007
| | - Richa Pant
- National Centre for Cell Science, S.P. Pune University Campus, Ganeshkhind, Pune, 411007
| | - Samit Chattopadhyay
- National Centre for Cell Science, S.P. Pune University Campus, Ganeshkhind, Pune, 411007.,Department of Biological Sciences, BITS Pilani, K. K. Birla Goa Campus, NH 17B, Zuarinagar, Goa, 403726.,Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, Raja S C Mullick Road, Jadavpur, Kolkata, 700032
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Mannosylated polylactic-co-glycolic acid (MN-PLGA) nanoparticles induce potent anti-tumor immunity in murine model of breast cancer. Biomed Pharmacother 2021; 142:111962. [PMID: 34358752 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2021.111962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2021] [Revised: 07/20/2021] [Accepted: 07/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Nanoparticle-based cancer immunotherapy is considered a novel and promising therapeutic strategy aimed at stimulating host immune responses against tumors. To this end, in the present study, mannan-decorated polylactic-co-glycolic acid (PLGA) nanoparticles containing tumor cell lysate (TCL) and poly riboinosinic polycytidylic acid (poly I:C) were used as antigen delivery systems to immunize breast tumor-bearing Balb/c mice. PLGA nanoparticles were fabricated employing a double emulsion solvent evaporation method. The formation of spherical and uniform nanoparticles (NPs) ranging 150-250 nm was detected by field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) and dynamic light scattering (DLS). Four nanoformulation were used to treat mice and vaccination-induced immunological responses. Tumor regression and overall survival rate were evaluated in four experimental groups. Tumor cell lysate and poly I:C loaded mannan-decorated nanoparticles (TCL-Poly I:C) NP-MN caused a significant decrease in tumor growth and 2- to 3-fold improvement in survival times of the treated mice. The NPs with or without mannan decoration elicited stronger responses in terms of lymphocyte proliferation, delayed-type hypersensitivity and CD107a expression. Moreover, our data indicated that the production of IFN-γ and IL-2 increased while the production of IL-4 and IL-10 decreased in splenocytes culture supernatants. In the pathological evaluations, we found that necrosis and immune cells infiltration rate in the tumor tissue of the treated mice was elevated, while tumor cellularity and lung metastases significantly decreased in particular in the group that received (TCL-Poly I:C) NP-MN. Altogether, our findings suggested that the mannan-decorated PLGA NPs antigen delivery system had significant anti-tumor effects against the murine model of breast cancer and it could be considered as a step forward to human breast cancer immunotherapy.
Collapse
|
8
|
Farias A, Soto A, Puttur F, Goldin CJ, Sosa S, Gil C, Goldbaum FA, Berguer PM. A TLR4 agonist improves immune checkpoint blockade treatment by increasing the ratio of effector to regulatory cells within the tumor microenvironment. Sci Rep 2021; 11:15406. [PMID: 34321536 PMCID: PMC8319313 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-94837-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2020] [Accepted: 07/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Brucella lumazine synthase (BLS) is a homodecameric protein that activates dendritic cells via toll like receptor 4, inducing the secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines and chemokines. We have previously shown that BLS has a therapeutic effect in B16 melanoma-bearing mice only when administered at early stages of tumor growth. In this work, we study the mechanisms underlying the therapeutic effect of BLS, by analyzing the tumor microenvironment. Administration of BLS at early stages of tumor growth induces high levels of serum IFN-γ, as well as an increment of hematopoietic immune cells within the tumor. Moreover, BLS-treatment increases the ratio of effector to regulatory cells. However, all treated mice eventually succumb to the tumors. Therefore, we combined BLS administration with anti-PD-1 treatment. Combined treatment increases the outcome of both monotherapies. In conclusion, we show that the absence of the therapeutic effect at late stages of tumor growth correlates with low levels of serum IFN-γ and lower infiltration of immune cells in the tumor, both of which are essential to delay tumor growth. Furthermore, the combined treatment of BLS and PD-1 blockade shows that BLS could be exploited as an essential immunomodulator in combination therapy with an immune checkpoint blockade to treat skin cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A Farias
- Fundación Instituto Leloir, IIBBA, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - A Soto
- Fundación Instituto Leloir, IIBBA, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - F Puttur
- Inflammation, Repair and Development, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - C J Goldin
- Fundación Instituto Leloir, IIBBA, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - S Sosa
- Fundación Instituto Leloir, IIBBA, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - C Gil
- Fundación Instituto Leloir, IIBBA, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - F A Goldbaum
- Fundación Instituto Leloir, IIBBA, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - P M Berguer
- Fundación Instituto Leloir, IIBBA, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Vacchelli E, Galluzzi L, Eggermont A, Fridman WH, Galon J, Sautès-Fridman C, Tartour E, Zitvogel L, Kroemer G. Trial watch: FDA-approved Toll-like receptor agonists for cancer therapy. Oncoimmunology 2021; 1:894-907. [PMID: 23162757 PMCID: PMC3489745 DOI: 10.4161/onci.20931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 168] [Impact Index Per Article: 56.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Toll-like receptors (TLRs) have first been characterized for their capacity to detect conserved microbial components like lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and double-stranded RNA, resulting in the elicitation of potent (innate) immune responses against invading pathogens. More recently, TLRs have also been shown to promote the activation of the cognate immune system against cancer cells. Today, only three TLR agonists are approved by FDA for use in humans: the bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG), monophosphoryl lipid A (MPL) and imiquimod. BCG (an attenuated strain of Mycobacterium bovis) is mainly used as a vaccine against tuberculosis, but also for the immunotherapy of in situ bladder carcinoma. MPL (derived from the LPS of Salmonella minnesota) is included in the formulation of Cervarix®, a vaccine against human papillomavirus-16 and -18. Imiquimod (a synthetic imidazoquinoline) is routinely employed for actinic keratosis, superficial basal cell carcinoma, and external genital warts (condylomata acuminata). In this Trial Watch, we will summarize the results of recently completed clinical trials and discuss the progress of ongoing studies that have evaluated/are evaluating FDA-approved TLR agonists as off-label medications for cancer therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Erika Vacchelli
- INSERM, U848; Villejuif, France ; Institut Gustave Roussy; Villejuif, France ; Université Paris-Sud/Paris XI; Paris, France
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
10
|
Chiaoprakobkij N, Suwanmajo T, Sanchavanakit N, Phisalaphong M. Curcumin-Loaded Bacterial Cellulose/Alginate/Gelatin as A Multifunctional Biopolymer Composite Film. Molecules 2020; 25:E3800. [PMID: 32825570 PMCID: PMC7503693 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25173800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2020] [Revised: 08/17/2020] [Accepted: 08/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Multifunctional biopolymer composites comprising mechanically-disintegrated bacterial cellulose, alginate, gelatin and curcumin plasticized with glycerol were successfully fabricated through a simple, facile, cost-effective mechanical blending and casting method. SEM images indicate a well-distributed structure of the composites. The water contact angles existed in the range of 50-70°. Measured water vapor permeability values were 300-800 g/m2/24 h, which were comparable with those of commercial dressing products. No release of curcumin from the films was observed during the immersion in PBS and artificial saliva, and the fluid uptakes were in the range of 100-700%. Films were stretchable and provided appropriate stiffness and enduring deformation. Hydrated films adhered firmly onto the skin. In vitro mucoadhesion time was found in the range of 0.5-6 h with porcine mucosa as model membrane under artificial saliva medium. The curcumin-loaded films had substantial antibacterial activity against E. coli and S. aureus. The films showed non-cytotoxicity to human keratinocytes and human gingival fibroblasts but exhibited potent anticancer activity in oral cancer cells. Therefore, these curcumin-loaded films showed their potential for use as leave-on skin applications. These versatile films can be further developed to achieve desirable characteristics for local topical patches for wound care, periodontitis and oral cancer treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nadda Chiaoprakobkij
- Biomedical Engineering Program, Faculty of Engineering, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand;
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| | - Thapanar Suwanmajo
- Centre of Excellence in Materials Science and Technology, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand;
| | - Neeracha Sanchavanakit
- Center of Excellence for Regenerative Dentistry, Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Dentistry, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| | - Muenduen Phisalaphong
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Litak J, Grochowski C, Litak J, Osuchowska I, Gosik K, Radzikowska E, Kamieniak P, Rolinski J. TLR-4 Signaling vs. Immune Checkpoints, miRNAs Molecules, Cancer Stem Cells, and Wingless-Signaling Interplay in Glioblastoma Multiforme-Future Perspectives. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21093114. [PMID: 32354122 PMCID: PMC7247696 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21093114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2020] [Revised: 04/23/2020] [Accepted: 04/24/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Toll-like-receptor (TLR) family members were detected in the central nervous system (CNS). TLR occurrence was noticed and widely described in glioblastomamultiforme (GBM) cells. After ligand attachment, TLR-4 reorients domains and dimerizes, activates an intracellular cascade, and promotes further cytoplasmatic signaling. There is evidence pointing at a strong relation between TLR-4 signaling and micro ribonucleic acid (miRNA) expression. The TLR-4/miRNA interplay changes typical signaling and encourages them to be a target for modern immunotherapy. TLR-4 agonists initiate signaling and promote programmed death ligand-1 (PD-1L) expression. Most of those molecules are intensively expressed in the GBM microenvironment, resulting in the autocrine induction of regional immunosuppression. Another potential target for immunotreatment is connected with limited TLR-4 signaling that promotes Wnt/DKK-3/claudine-5 signaling, resulting in a limitation of GBM invasiveness. Interestingly, TLR-4 expression results in bordering proliferative trends in cancer stem cells (CSC) and GBM. All of these potential targets could bring new hope for patients suffering from this incurable disease. Clinical trials concerning TLR-4 signaling inhibition/promotion in many cancers are recruiting patients. There is still a lot to do in the field of GBM immunotherapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jakub Litak
- Department of Neurosurgery and Pediatric Neurosurgery, Medical University of Lublin, 20-954 Lublin, Poland
- Department of Immunology, Medical University of Lublin, 20-093 Lublin, Poland
| | - Cezary Grochowski
- Department of Anatomy, Medical University of Lublin, 20-090 Lublin, Poland
- Laboratory of Virtual Man, Department of Anatomy, Medical University of Lublin, 20-090 Lublin, Poland
- Correspondence:
| | - Joanna Litak
- St. John‘s Cancer Center in Lublin, 20-090 Lublin, Poland
| | - Ida Osuchowska
- Department of Anatomy, Medical University of Lublin, 20-090 Lublin, Poland
| | - Krzysztof Gosik
- Department of Immunology, Medical University of Lublin, 20-093 Lublin, Poland
| | | | - Piotr Kamieniak
- Department of Immunology, Medical University of Lublin, 20-093 Lublin, Poland
| | - Jacek Rolinski
- Department of Immunology, Medical University of Lublin, 20-093 Lublin, Poland
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Adhikari A, Jacob NK, Hansen AR, Wei Y, Snook K, Liu F, Zhang J. Pet ownership and the risk of dying from lung cancer, findings from an 18 year follow-up of a US national cohort. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2019; 173:379-386. [PMID: 30954911 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2019.01.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2018] [Revised: 01/16/2019] [Accepted: 01/19/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE In contrast to the popularity of pets, research on the health effects of living with pets, particularly, on the risk of cancer, is minimal and inconclusive. We longitudinally examined relationships between pet ownership and the risk of dying from lung cancer. METHODS We analyzed nationally representative data of 13,725 adults aged ≥ 19 who answered the question about pet ownership in the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 1988-1994, as the baseline survey. Vital status was followed through December 31st, 2010. RESULTS About 43% of the study population owned pets, with 20.4% having cats and 4.6% having birds. A total of 213 lung cancer deaths were recorded by the end of 183,094 unweighted person-years of follow-up with a lung-cancer specific death rate of 1.00 per 1000 person-years. After adjustment for cigarette smoking, alcohol drinking, physical activity, body mass index, history of atopic conditions, and serum cotinine, owning a pet (any) was associated with a doubled mortality rate among women for lung cancer [hazard ratio (HR)= 2.31 (1.41-3.79)] over non-owners. This association was largely attributed to having a cat or a bird. The HR was 2.85 (1.62-5.01) for cats, and 2.67 (0.68-10.5) for birds. The HR for dogs was 1.01 (0.57-1.77). No significant patterns of association were observed among men either for any pets or for a subtype of pet. CONCLUSIONS Living with a pet, especially, a cat or a bird, was significantly associated with elevated hazard of dying from lung cancer among women. The detrimental effect that pets conferred was not explained by confounding from cigarette smoking or atopic conditions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Atin Adhikari
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Jiann-Ping Hsu College of Public Health, Georgia Southern University, Statesboro, GA, USA
| | - Naduparambil K Jacob
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Andrew R Hansen
- Department of Community Health, Jiann-Ping Hsu College of Public Health, Georgia Southern University, Statesboro, GA, USA
| | - Yudan Wei
- Department of Community Medicine, Mercer University School of Medicine, Macon, GA 31027, USA
| | - Kassandra Snook
- Department of Epidemiology, Jiann-Ping Hsu College of Public Health, Georgia Southern University, Statesboro, GA, USA
| | - Fengqi Liu
- Charlie Norwood VA Medical Center, Augusta, GA, USA
| | - Jian Zhang
- Department of Epidemiology, Jiann-Ping Hsu College of Public Health, Georgia Southern University, Statesboro, GA, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Dickinson SE, Wondrak GT. TLR4 in skin cancer: From molecular mechanisms to clinical interventions. Mol Carcinog 2019; 58:1086-1093. [PMID: 31020719 DOI: 10.1002/mc.23016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2019] [Revised: 03/22/2019] [Accepted: 03/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The health and economic burden imposed by skin cancer is substantial, creating an urgent need for the development of improved molecular strategies for its prevention and treatment. Cutaneous exposure to solar ultraviolet (UV) radiation is a causative factor in skin carcinogenesis, and TLR4-dependent inflammatory dysregulation is an emerging key mechanism underlying detrimental effects of acute and chronic UV exposure. Direct and indirect TLR4 activation, upstream of inflammatory signaling, is elicited by a variety of stimuli, including pathogen-associated molecular patterns (such as lipopolysaccharide) and damage-associated molecular patterns (such as HMGB1) that are formed upon exposure to environmental stressors, such as solar UV. TLR4 involvement has now been implicated in major types of skin malignancies, including nonmelanoma skin cancer, melanoma and Merkel cell carcinoma. Targeted molecular interventions that positively or negatively modulate TLR4 signaling have shown promise in translational, preclinical, and clinical investigations that may benefit skin cancer patients in the near future.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sally E Dickinson
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine and The University of Arizona Cancer Center, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona
| | - Georg T Wondrak
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy and The University of Arizona Cancer Center, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Boozari M, Butler AE, Sahebkar A. Impact of curcumin on toll-like receptors. J Cell Physiol 2019; 234:12471-12482. [PMID: 30623441 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.28103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2018] [Accepted: 12/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Toll-like receptors (TLRs) have a pivotal role in the activation of innate immune response and inflammation. TLRs can be divided into two subgroups including extracellular TLRs that recognize microbial membrane components (TLR1, 2, 4, 5, 6, and 10), and intracellular TLRs that recognize microbial nucleic acids (TLR3, 7, 8, and 9). Curcumin is a dietary polyphenol from Curcuma longa L. that is reputed to have diverse biological and pharmacological effects. Extensive research has defined the molecular mechanisms through which curcumin mediates its therapeutic effects. One newly defined and important target of curcumin is the TLR, where it exerts an inhibitory effect. In the current study, we focus upon the TLR antagonistic effect of curcumin and curcumin's therapeutic effect as mediated via TLR inhibition. The available evidence indicates that curcumin inhibits the extracellular TLR 2 and 4 and intracellular TLR9 and thereby exerts a therapeutic effect in diseases such as cancer, inflammation, infection, autoimmune, and ischemic disease. Curcumin effectively modulates the TLR response and thereby exerts its potent therapeutic effects.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Motahare Boozari
- Department of Pharmacognosy, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Alexandra E Butler
- Diabetes Research Center, Qatar Biomedical Research Institute, Doha, Qatar
| | - Amirhossein Sahebkar
- Neurogenic Inflammation Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.,Biotechnology Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.,School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Trucco LD, Roselli E, Araya P, Nuñez NG, Mena HA, Bocco JL, Negrotto S, Maccioni M. Downregulation of adaptor protein MyD88 compromises the angiogenic potential of B16 murine melanoma. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0179897. [PMID: 28662055 PMCID: PMC5491060 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0179897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2016] [Accepted: 06/06/2017] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The mechanisms that link inflammatory responses to cancer development remain a subject of intense investigation, emphasizing the need to better understand the cellular and molecular pathways that create a tumor promoting microenvironment. The myeloid differentiation primary response protein MyD88 acts as a main adaptor molecule for the signaling cascades initiated from Toll-like receptors (TLRs) and the interleukin 1 receptor (IL-1R). MyD88 has been shown to contribute to tumorigenesis in many inflammation-associated cancer models. In this study, we sought to better define the role of MyD88 in neoplastic cells using a murine melanoma model. Herein, we have demonstrated that MyD88 expression is required to maintain the angiogenic switch that supports B16 melanoma growth. By knocking down MyD88 we reduced TLR-mediated NF-κB activation with no evident effects over cell proliferation and survival. In addition, MyD88 downregulation was associated with a decrease of HIF1α levels and its target gene VEGF, in correlation with an impaired capability to induce capillary sprouting and tube formation of endothelial cells. Melanomas developed from cells lacking MyD88 showed an enhanced secretion of chemoattractant ligands such as CCL2, CXCL10 and CXCL1 and have an improved infiltration of macrophages to the tumor site. Our results imply that cell-autonomous signaling through MyD88 is required to sustain tumor growth and underscore its function as an important positive modulator of tumor angiogenesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lucas Daniel Trucco
- Centro de Investigaciones en Bioquímica Clínica e Inmunología (CIBICI), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Departamento de Bioquímica Clínica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Emiliano Roselli
- Centro de Investigaciones en Bioquímica Clínica e Inmunología (CIBICI), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Departamento de Bioquímica Clínica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Paula Araya
- Centro de Investigaciones en Bioquímica Clínica e Inmunología (CIBICI), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Departamento de Bioquímica Clínica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Nicolás Gonzalo Nuñez
- Laboratoire de Transfert, INSERM U932, Laboratoire d'Immunologie, Institute Curie, París, France
| | - Hebe Agustina Mena
- Laboratorio de Trombosis Experimental, Academia Nacional de Medicina, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - José Luis Bocco
- Centro de Investigaciones en Bioquímica Clínica e Inmunología (CIBICI), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Departamento de Bioquímica Clínica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Soledad Negrotto
- Laboratorio de Trombosis Experimental, Academia Nacional de Medicina, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Mariana Maccioni
- Centro de Investigaciones en Bioquímica Clínica e Inmunología (CIBICI), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Departamento de Bioquímica Clínica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Han S, Wang C, Qin X, Xia J, Wu A. LPS alters the immuno-phenotype of glioma and glioma stem-like cells and induces in vivo antitumor immunity via TLR4. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL & CLINICAL CANCER RESEARCH : CR 2017. [PMID: 28641579 PMCID: PMC5480420 DOI: 10.1186/s13046-017-0552-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study examined the ability of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) to affect glioma and glioma stem-like cells (GSCs) in vitro and to induce antitumor immunity in vivo and the role of TLR4 in these processes. METHODS Using RT-PCR and immunohistochemistry, we examined the expression of TLR4 in 34 glioblastoma clinical samples. Using real time-PCR, western blot and ELISA analyses, the effect of LPS stimulation on the expression of immune related molecules was evaluated in RG2 and U87 GSCs. Control or LPS-pretreated RG2 GSCs were intracranially or subcutaneously implanted into wild-type or nude Fisher 344 rats. Histopathological examinations were used to assess tumor progression and immune infiltration and Kaplan-Meier analyses to compare survival times of the animal models. RESULTS TLR4 was highly expressed in glioblastoma clinical samples. In vitro LPS stimulation for 6 h significantly altered expression of immune related molecules in RG2 and U87 GSCs. However, prolonged LPS stimulation diminished this effect. Rats inoculated intracranially with LPS-pretreated RG2 GSCs survived significantly longer than rats inoculated with control RG2 GSCs. In vivo, LPS-pretreated RG2 GSCs expressed higher levels of MHC molecules, CXCL10 and TNF-α and recruited more CD8+ lymphocytes. However, intratumoral LPS treatment was not equally beneficial. Furthermore, the in vitro and in vivo effects of LPS stimulation appeared to be largely TLR4-dependent. CONCLUSION LPS pretreatment promotes the recognition and eradication of tumor GSCs in vivo when the immune function of the tumor-bearing host is intact. In addition, our data indicate a complex relationship between bacterial infection and glioma prognosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sheng Han
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Nanjing Street 155, Heping District, Shenyang, 110001, China
| | - Chao Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Nanjing Street 155, Heping District, Shenyang, 110001, China
| | - Xiaofei Qin
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Nanjing Street 155, Heping District, Shenyang, 110001, China
| | - Junzhe Xia
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Nanjing Street 155, Heping District, Shenyang, 110001, China
| | - Anhua Wu
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Nanjing Street 155, Heping District, Shenyang, 110001, China.
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Kong YY, Fuchsberger M, Plebanski M, Apostolopoulos V. Alteration of early dendritic cell activation by cancer cell lines predisposes immunosuppression, which cannot be reversed by TLR4 stimulation. Acta Biochim Biophys Sin (Shanghai) 2016; 48:1101-1111. [PMID: 27797716 DOI: 10.1093/abbs/gmw102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2016] [Revised: 09/12/2016] [Accepted: 08/19/2016] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Dendritic cells (DCs) have shown promise for use in cancer vaccine and cancer immunotherapy studies. However, we demonstrate that cancer cell lines can negatively interfere with DC generation in granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF)-derived cultures, although cancer cells are able to enhance CD80 cell surface activation marker and cytokine secretion. Furthermore, in the presence of cancer cells, GM-CSF-derived DCs are unable to stimulate T-cells. Additional stimulation with toll-like receptor 4 cannot fully reverse the suppressive effect of cancer cells or supernatant. Hence, it is imperative to understand the immunosuppressive effects of cancer on DCs in order for DC-based cancer immunotherapy to be successful.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ying Ying Kong
- Department of Immunology, Monash University AMREP Precinct, Melbourne, Victoria 3004, Australia
| | - Martina Fuchsberger
- Department of Immunology, Monash University AMREP Precinct, Melbourne, Victoria 3004, Australia
| | - Magdalena Plebanski
- Department of Immunology, Monash University AMREP Precinct, Melbourne, Victoria 3004, Australia
| | - Vasso Apostolopoulos
- Centre for Chronic Disease, College of Health and Biomedicine, Victoria University, Melbourne, Victoria 3021, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Yang J, Qin N, Zhang H, Yang R, Xiang B, Wei Q. Cellular uptake of exogenous calcineurin B is dependent on TLR4/MD2/CD14 complexes, and CnB is an endogenous ligand of TLR4. Sci Rep 2016; 6:24346. [PMID: 27090571 PMCID: PMC4835703 DOI: 10.1038/srep24346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2015] [Accepted: 03/15/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Our previous research showed that recombinant calcineurin B (rhCnB) stimulates cytokine secretion by immune cells, probably through TLR4. Exogenous CnB can be incorporated into many different tumour cells in vitro, but the mode of uptake and receptors required remain unknown. Here, we report that exogenous CnB is taken up by cells in a time- and concentration-dependent manner via clathrin-dependent receptor-mediated internalization. Our findings further confirm that uptake is mediated by the TLR4/MD2 complex together with the co-receptor CD14. The MST results revealed a high affinity between CnB and the TLR4 receptor complex. No binding was detected between CnB and LPS. CnB inhibited the uptake of LPS, and LPS also inhibited the uptake of CnB. These results indicate that the uptake of exogenous CnB did not occur through LPS and that CnB was not a chaperone of LPS. Thus, we conclude that TLR4 receptor complexes were required for the recognition and internalization of exogenous CnB. CnB could be a potential endogenous ligand of TLR4 and function as an agonist of TLR4. These properties of CnB support its potential for development as an anti-cancer drug.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jinju Yang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Beijing Normal University, Gene Engineering and Biotechnology Beijing Key Laboratory, Beijing, 100875, P. R. of China
| | - Nannan Qin
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Beijing Normal University, Gene Engineering and Biotechnology Beijing Key Laboratory, Beijing, 100875, P. R. of China
| | - Hongwei Zhang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Beijing Normal University, Gene Engineering and Biotechnology Beijing Key Laboratory, Beijing, 100875, P. R. of China
| | - Rui Yang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Beijing Normal University, Gene Engineering and Biotechnology Beijing Key Laboratory, Beijing, 100875, P. R. of China
| | - Benqiong Xiang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Beijing Normal University, Gene Engineering and Biotechnology Beijing Key Laboratory, Beijing, 100875, P. R. of China
| | - Qun Wei
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Beijing Normal University, Gene Engineering and Biotechnology Beijing Key Laboratory, Beijing, 100875, P. R. of China
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Nocera DA, Roselli E, Araya P, Nuñez NG, Lienenklaus S, Jablonska J, Weiss S, Gatti G, Brinkmann MM, Kröger A, Morón G, Maccioni M. In Vivo Visualizing the IFN-β Response Required for Tumor Growth Control in a Therapeutic Model of Polyadenylic-Polyuridylic Acid Administration. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2016; 196:2860-9. [PMID: 26880763 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1501044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2015] [Accepted: 01/11/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The crucial role that endogenously produced IFN-β plays in eliciting an immune response against cancer has recently started to be elucidated. Endogenous IFN-β has an important role in immune surveillance and control of tumor development. Accordingly, the role of TLR agonists as cancer therapeutic agents is being revisited via the strategy of intra/peritumoral injection with the idea of stimulating the production of endogenous type I IFN inside the tumor. Polyadenylic-polyuridylic acid (poly A:U) is a dsRNA mimetic explored empirically in cancer immunotherapy a long time ago with little knowledge regarding its mechanisms of action. In this work, we have in vivo visualized the IFN-β required for the antitumor immune response elicited in a therapeutic model of poly A:U administration. In this study, we have identified the role of host type I IFNs, cell populations that are sources of IFN-β in the tumor microenvironment, and other host requirements for tumor control in this model. One single peritumoral dose of poly A:U was sufficient to induce IFN-β, readily visualized in vivo. IFN-β production relied mainly on the activation of the transcription factor IFN regulatory factor 3 and the molecule UNC93B1, indicating that TLR3 is required for recognizing poly A:U. CD11c(+) cells were an important, but not the only source of IFN-β. Host type I IFN signaling was absolutely required for the reduced tumor growth, prolonged mice survival, and the strong antitumor-specific immune response elicited upon poly A:U administration. These findings add new perspectives to the use of IFN-β-inducing compounds in tumor therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- David Andrés Nocera
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Chemical Sciences, Center for Research in Clinical Biochemistry and Immunology, National University of Cordoba, X5000HUA Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Emiliano Roselli
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Chemical Sciences, Center for Research in Clinical Biochemistry and Immunology, National University of Cordoba, X5000HUA Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Paula Araya
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Chemical Sciences, Center for Research in Clinical Biochemistry and Immunology, National University of Cordoba, X5000HUA Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Nicolás Gonzalo Nuñez
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Chemical Sciences, Center for Research in Clinical Biochemistry and Immunology, National University of Cordoba, X5000HUA Córdoba, Argentina; INSERM U932, Institut Curie, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Stefan Lienenklaus
- Molecular Immunology, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, 38124 Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Jadwiga Jablonska
- Molecular Immunology, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, 38124 Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Siegfried Weiss
- Molecular Immunology, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, 38124 Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Gerardo Gatti
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Chemical Sciences, Center for Research in Clinical Biochemistry and Immunology, National University of Cordoba, X5000HUA Córdoba, Argentina; Fundación para el Progreso de la Medicina. X5000EMS Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Melanie M Brinkmann
- Viral Immune Modulation Research Group, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, 38124 Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Andrea Kröger
- Institute of Medical Microbiology, Otto-von-Guericke-University Magdeburg, 39120 Magdeburg, Germany; and Research Group on Innate Immunity and Infection, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, 38124 Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Gabriel Morón
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Chemical Sciences, Center for Research in Clinical Biochemistry and Immunology, National University of Cordoba, X5000HUA Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Mariana Maccioni
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Chemical Sciences, Center for Research in Clinical Biochemistry and Immunology, National University of Cordoba, X5000HUA Córdoba, Argentina;
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Explanation of Metastasis by Homeostatic Inflammation. INFLAMMATION AND METASTASIS 2016. [PMCID: PMC7153410 DOI: 10.1007/978-4-431-56024-1_15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
If inflammation caused by either non-self or self molecules can disseminate throughout the body and inflammatory sites actively allow entry of circulating tumor cells and assist regrowth, then circulating tumor cells metastasize to the sites of inflammation. However, disrupted sites of homeostatic inflammation do not necessarily guarantee metastatic spread and subsequent regrowth.
Collapse
|
21
|
Lamrani M, Sassi N, Paul C, Yousfi N, Boucher JL, Gauthier N, Labbé J, Seignez C, Racoeur C, Athias A, Guerreiro R, Vergely C, Rochette L, Bettaieb A, Jeannin JF. TLR4/IFNγ pathways induce tumor regression via NOS II-dependent NO and ROS production in murine breast cancer models. Oncoimmunology 2015; 5:e1123369. [PMID: 27467924 DOI: 10.1080/2162402x.2015.1123369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2015] [Revised: 11/17/2015] [Accepted: 11/17/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Toll-like receptor (TLR) 4 agonists have emerged as a new group of molecules used for cancer therapy. They have been exploited to enhance the immunogenicity of current chemotherapeutic regimens. However, their effects on cancer cells remain elusive. Here, we showed that a TLR4 agonist, namely a synthetic lipid A analog (ALA), OM-174, exhibits antitumor effects in several mammary tumor mouse models. We also showed that immune components are involved in such effects, as attested to by the failure of ALA to induce tumor regression or an increase of animal survival in mice knocked-out for interferon γ (IFNγ) or TLR4. TLR4 and IFNγ receptor (INFR2) expressed by cancer cells are involved in the antitumor efficacy of ALA since this last did not inhibit tumor growth in mice bearing a tumor but lacking TLR4 or IFNγ receptor 2 (IFNR2). Mechanistic investigations revealed that nitric oxide (NO), superoxide and peroxynitrite produced by uncoupling of inducible NO synthase (NOS II) in cancer cells are key mediators of ALA and IFNγ-mediated tumor growth inhibition. We present here a comprehensive picture of tumor cell death induction, in vivo and in vitro, by immunotherapy and for the first time the involvement of the TLR4/IFNγ/NOS II pathway in immunotherapy was investigated.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Myriam Lamrani
- EPHE, PSL Research University, Laboratoire d'Immunologie et Immunothérapie des Cancers, F-75014, Paris, France; Univ. Bourgogne Franche-Comté, LIIC EA7269, Dijon, France; INSERM U 866, Burgundy University, Dijon, France
| | - Nejia Sassi
- EPHE, PSL Research University, Laboratoire d'Immunologie et Immunothérapie des Cancers, F-75014, Paris, France; Univ. Bourgogne Franche-Comté, LIIC EA7269, Dijon, France; INSERM U 866, Burgundy University, Dijon, France
| | - Catherine Paul
- EPHE, PSL Research University, Laboratoire d'Immunologie et Immunothérapie des Cancers, F-75014, Paris, France; Univ. Bourgogne Franche-Comté, LIIC EA7269, Dijon, France; INSERM U 866, Burgundy University, Dijon, France
| | - Nadhir Yousfi
- EPHE, PSL Research University, Laboratoire d'Immunologie et Immunothérapie des Cancers, F-75014, Paris, France; Univ. Bourgogne Franche-Comté, LIIC EA7269, Dijon, France
| | | | - Nolwenn Gauthier
- EPHE, PSL Research University, Laboratoire d'Immunologie et Immunothérapie des Cancers, F-75014, Paris, France; INSERM U 866, Burgundy University, Dijon, France
| | - Jérôme Labbé
- EPHE, PSL Research University, Laboratoire d'Immunologie et Immunothérapie des Cancers, F-75014, Paris, France; INSERM U 866, Burgundy University, Dijon, France
| | - Cédric Seignez
- EPHE, PSL Research University, Laboratoire d'Immunologie et Immunothérapie des Cancers, F-75014, Paris, France; Univ. Bourgogne Franche-Comté, LIIC EA7269, Dijon, France; INSERM U 866, Burgundy University, Dijon, France
| | - Cindy Racoeur
- EPHE, PSL Research University, Laboratoire d'Immunologie et Immunothérapie des Cancers, F-75014, Paris, France; Univ. Bourgogne Franche-Comté, LIIC EA7269, Dijon, France; INSERM U 866, Burgundy University, Dijon, France
| | - Anne Athias
- INSERM U 866, Burgundy University , Dijon, France
| | | | | | - Luc Rochette
- INSERM U 866, Burgundy University , Dijon, France
| | - Ali Bettaieb
- EPHE, PSL Research University, Laboratoire d'Immunologie et Immunothérapie des Cancers, F-75014, Paris, France; Univ. Bourgogne Franche-Comté, LIIC EA7269, Dijon, France; INSERM U 866, Burgundy University, Dijon, France
| | - Jean-François Jeannin
- EPHE, PSL Research University, Laboratoire d'Immunologie et Immunothérapie des Cancers, F-75014, Paris, France; Univ. Bourgogne Franche-Comté, LIIC EA7269, Dijon, France; INSERM U 866, Burgundy University, Dijon, France
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Deguchi A, Tomita T, Ohto U, Takemura K, Kitao A, Akashi-Takamura S, Miyake K, Maru Y. Eritoran inhibits S100A8-mediated TLR4/MD-2 activation and tumor growth by changing the immune microenvironment. Oncogene 2015; 35:1445-56. [DOI: 10.1038/onc.2015.211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2014] [Revised: 04/30/2015] [Accepted: 05/04/2015] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
|
23
|
Xu QQ, Zhou Q, Xu LL, Lin H, Wang XJ, Ma WL, Zhai K, Tong ZH, Su Y, Shi HZ. Toll-like receptor 4 signaling inhibits malignant pleural effusion by altering Th1/Th17 responses. Cell Biol Int 2015; 39:1120-30. [PMID: 25939739 DOI: 10.1002/cbin.10485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2015] [Revised: 04/17/2015] [Accepted: 04/27/2015] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) is involved in multiple malignancies; however, the role of TLR4 in the pathogenesis of malignant pleural effusion (MPE) remains unknown. The objectives of this study were to explore the impact of TLR4 signaling on the development of MPE in a murine model and to define the underline mechanisms by which TLR works. Development of MPE as well as proliferation and angiogenesis of pleural tumor were determined in TLR4(-/-) and wild type mice. Differentiation of Th1 and Th17 cells as well as their signal transductions was explored. The effects of TLR4 signaling on survival of mice bearing MPE were also investigated. Compared with wild type mice, Th1 cells were augmented, and Th17 cells were suppressed in MPE from TLR4(-/-) mice. The in vitro experiments showed that TLR4 deficiency promoted Th1 cell differentiation via enhancing STAT1 pathway and inhibited Th17 cell differentiation via suppressing STAT3 pathway. TLR4 deficiency promoted MPE formation and, thus, accelerated the death of mice bearing MPE, whereas intraperitoneal injection of anti-IFN-γ mAb or recombinant mouse IL-17 protein into TLR4(-/-) mice was associated with improved survival. Our data provides the first definitive evidence of a role for TLR4 signaling in protective immunity in the development of MPE. Our findings also demonstrate that TLR4 deficiency promotes MPE formation and accelerates mouse death by enhancing Th1 and suppressing Th17 response.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qian-Qian Xu
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Qiong Zhou
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Li-Li Xu
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Hua Lin
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiao-Juan Wang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Wan-Li Ma
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Kan Zhai
- Center of Medical Research, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Zhao-Hui Tong
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,Center of Medical Research, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Yunchao Su
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Medical College of Georgia, Georgia Regents University, Augusta, GA, USA
| | - Huan-Zhong Shi
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,Center of Medical Research, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Rossi AH, Farias A, Fernández JE, Bonomi HR, Goldbaum FA, Berguer PM. Brucella spp. Lumazine Synthase Induces a TLR4-Mediated Protective Response against B16 Melanoma in Mice. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0126827. [PMID: 25973756 PMCID: PMC4431812 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0126827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2014] [Accepted: 04/07/2015] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Brucella Lumazine Synthase (BLS) is a highly immunogenic decameric protein which can accept the fusion of foreign proteins at its ten N-termini. These chimeras are very efficient to elicit systemic and oral immunity without adjuvants. BLS signaling via Toll-Like Receptor 4 (TLR4) regulates innate and adaptive immune responses, inducing dendritic cell maturation and CD8+ T-cell cytotoxicity. In this work we study the effect induced by BLS in TLR4-expressing B16 melanoma. In order to evaluate the effectiveness of BLS as a preventive vaccine, C57BL/6J mice were immunized with BLS or BLS-OVA, and 35 days later were subcutaneously inoculated with B16-OVA melanoma. BLS or BLS-OVA induced a significant inhibition of tumor growth, and 50% of mice immunized with the highest dose of BLS did not develop visible tumors. This effect was not observed in TLR4-deficient mice. For treatment experiments, mice were injected with BLS or BLS-OVA 2 days after the inoculation of B16 cells. Both treatments induced significant and equal tumor growth delay and increased survival. Moreover, BLS and BLS-OVA stimulation were also effective in TLR4-deficient mice. In order to study whether BLS has a direct effect on tumor cells, B16 cells were preincubated with BLS, and after 48h, cells were inoculated. Tumors induced by BLS-stimulated cells had inhibited growth and survival was increased. In the BLS group, 40% of mice did not develop tumors. This effect was abolished by the addition of TLR4/MD2 blocking antibody to cells before BLS stimulation. Our work demonstrates that BLS immunization induces a preventive antitumor response that depends on mice TLR4. We also show that BLS generates a therapeutic effect in mice inoculated with B16 cells. Our results show that BLS acts directly in cultured tumor cells via TLR4, highly suggesting that BLS elicits its therapeutic effects acting on the TLR4 from B16 melanoma cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Andrés H. Rossi
- Fundación Instituto Leloir, IIBBA, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Ana Farias
- Fundación Instituto Leloir, IIBBA, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Javier E. Fernández
- Fundación Instituto Leloir, IIBBA, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Hernán R. Bonomi
- Fundación Instituto Leloir, IIBBA, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Fernando A. Goldbaum
- Fundación Instituto Leloir, IIBBA, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Paula M. Berguer
- Fundación Instituto Leloir, IIBBA, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Yoon HJ, Jeon SB, Koh HS, Song JY, Kim SS, Kim IH, Park EJ. Distinctive responses of brain tumor cells to TLR2 ligands. Glia 2015; 63:894-905. [PMID: 25628091 DOI: 10.1002/glia.22791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2014] [Accepted: 12/30/2014] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Malignant brain tumor mass contains significant numbers of infiltrating glial cells that may intimately interact with tumor cells and influence cancer treatments. Understanding of characteristic discrepancies between normal GLIA and tumor cells would, therefore, be valuable for improving anticancer therapeutics. Here, we report distinct differences in toll-like receptors (TLR)-2-mediated responses between normal glia and primary brain tumor cell lines. We found that tyrosine phosphorylation of STAT1 by TLR2 ligands and its downstream events did not occur in mouse, rat, or human brain tumor cell lines, but were markedly induced in normal primary microglia and astrocytes. Using TLR2-deficient, interferon (IFN)-γ-deficient, and IFNγ-receptor-1-deficient mice, we revealed that the impaired phosphorylation of STAT1 might be linked with defective TLR2 system in tumor cells, and that a TLR2-dependent pathway, not IFNγ-receptor machinery, might be critical for tyrosine STAT1 phosphorylation by TLR2 ligands. We also found that TLR2 and its heterodimeric partners, TLR1 and 6, on brain tumor cells failed to properly respond to TLR2 ligands, and representative TLR2-dependent cellular events, such as inflammatory responses and cell death, were not detected in brain tumor cells. Similar results were obtained in in vitro and in vivo experiments using orthotopic mouse and rat brain tumor models. Collectively, these results suggest that primary brain tumor cells may exhibit a distinctive dysfunction of TLR2-associated responses, resulting in abnormal signaling and cellular events. Careful targeting of this distinctive property could serve as the basis for effective therapeutic approaches against primary brain tumors.
Collapse
MESH Headings
- Animals
- Animals, Newborn
- Brain Neoplasms/pathology
- Cell Line, Tumor
- Cells, Cultured
- Cerebral Cortex/cytology
- Disease Models, Animal
- Interferon-gamma
- Ligands
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred BALB C
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Mice, Transgenic
- Neuroblastoma/pathology
- Neuroglia/metabolism
- Phosphorylation
- Rats
- Rats, Sprague-Dawley
- Receptors, Interferon/deficiency
- Receptors, Interferon/genetics
- Toll-Like Receptor 2/genetics
- Toll-Like Receptor 2/metabolism
- Interferon gamma Receptor
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hee Jung Yoon
- Cancer Immunology Branch, National Cancer Center, Goyang, Korea
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
26
|
Han JH, Park JH, Kim BY, Chang SN, Kim TH, Park JH, Kim DJ. Decreased expression of Toll-like receptor 4 and 5 during progression of prostate transformation in transgenic adenocarcinoma of mouse prostate mice. J Vet Sci 2015; 16:281-7. [PMID: 25797291 PMCID: PMC4588013 DOI: 10.4142/jvs.2015.16.3.281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2014] [Accepted: 03/07/2015] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic inflammation has been considered an important risk factor for development of prostate cancer. Toll-like receptors (TLRs) recognize microbial moieties or endogenous molecules and play an important role in the triggering and promotion of inflammation. In this study, we examined whether expression of TLR4 and TLR5 was associated with progression of prostate transformation in the transgenic adenocarcinoma of mouse prostate (TRAMP) model. The expression of TLR4 and TLR5 was evaluated by immunohistochemisty in formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded prostate tissue from wild-type (WT) and TRAMP mice. Normal prostate tissue from WT mice showed strong expression of TLR4 and TLR5. However, TLR4 expression in the prostate tissue from TRAMP mice gradually decreased as pathologic grade became more aggressive. TLR5 expression in the prostate tissue from TRAMP mice also decreased in low-grade prostate intraepithelial neoplasia (PIN), high-grade PIN and poorly differentiated adenocarcinoma. Overall, our results suggest that decreased expression of TLR4 and TLR5 may contribute to prostate tumorigenesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ju-Hee Han
- Laboratory Animal Medicine, BK21 PLUS Program for Creative Veterinary Science Research, Research Institute for Veterinary Science and College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-742, Korea
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
27
|
Alamino VA, Mascanfroni ID, Montesinos MM, Gigena N, Donadio AC, Blidner AG, Milotich SI, Cheng SY, Masini-Repiso AM, Rabinovich GA, Pellizas CG. Antitumor Responses Stimulated by Dendritic Cells Are Improved by Triiodothyronine Binding to the Thyroid Hormone Receptor β. Cancer Res 2015; 75:1265-74. [PMID: 25672979 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-14-1875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2014] [Accepted: 01/20/2015] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Bidirectional cross-talk between the neuroendocrine and immune systems orchestrates immune responses in both physiologic and pathologic settings. In this study, we provide in vivo evidence of a critical role for the thyroid hormone triiodothyronine (T3) in controlling the maturation and antitumor functions of dendritic cells (DC). We used a thyroid hormone receptor (TR) β mutant mouse (TRβPV) to establish the relevance of the T3-TRβ system in vivo. In this model, TRβ signaling endowed DCs with the ability to stimulate antigen-specific cytotoxic T-cell responses during tumor development. T3 binding to TRβ increased DC viability and augmented DC migration to lymph nodes. Moreover, T3 stimulated the ability of DCs to cross-present antigens and to stimulate cytotoxic T-cell responses. In a B16-OVA mouse model of melanoma, vaccination with T3-stimulated DCs inhibited tumor growth and prolonged host survival, in part by promoting the generation of IFNγ-producing CD8(+) T cells. Overall, our results establish an adjuvant effect of T3-TRβ signaling in DCs, suggesting an immediately translatable method to empower DC vaccination approaches for cancer immunotherapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vanina A Alamino
- Centro de Investigaciones en Bioquímica Clínica e Inmunología (CIBICI-CONICET), Dpto. Bioquímica Clínica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Iván D Mascanfroni
- Centro de Investigaciones en Bioquímica Clínica e Inmunología (CIBICI-CONICET), Dpto. Bioquímica Clínica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - María M Montesinos
- Centro de Investigaciones en Bioquímica Clínica e Inmunología (CIBICI-CONICET), Dpto. Bioquímica Clínica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Nicolás Gigena
- Centro de Investigaciones en Bioquímica Clínica e Inmunología (CIBICI-CONICET), Dpto. Bioquímica Clínica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Ana C Donadio
- Centro de Investigaciones en Bioquímica Clínica e Inmunología (CIBICI-CONICET), Dpto. Bioquímica Clínica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Ada G Blidner
- Laboratorio de Inmunopatología, Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental (IBYME-CONICET) and Departamento de Química Biológica, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Sonia I Milotich
- Hospital Materno-Neonatal Ramón Carrillo, Sanatorio Allende, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Sheue-Yann Cheng
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Ana M Masini-Repiso
- Centro de Investigaciones en Bioquímica Clínica e Inmunología (CIBICI-CONICET), Dpto. Bioquímica Clínica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Gabriel A Rabinovich
- Laboratorio de Inmunopatología, Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental (IBYME-CONICET) and Departamento de Química Biológica, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Claudia G Pellizas
- Centro de Investigaciones en Bioquímica Clínica e Inmunología (CIBICI-CONICET), Dpto. Bioquímica Clínica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina.
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Olbert PJ, Kesch C, Henrici M, Subtil FS, Honacker A, Hegele A, Hofmann R, Hänze J. TLR4- and TLR9-dependent effects on cytokines, cell viability, and invasion in human bladder cancer cells. Urol Oncol 2014; 33:110.e19-27. [PMID: 25499923 DOI: 10.1016/j.urolonc.2014.09.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2013] [Revised: 08/27/2014] [Accepted: 09/24/2014] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Adjuvant immunotherapy of bladder cancer by instillation of bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) is highly recommended within certain groups of non-muscle-invasive stages but only partially effective. Toll-like receptors (TLRs) TLR4 and TLR9 likely mediate BCG effects by triggering innate systemic immune cell responses. In addition, TLR4 and TLR9 expressed in bladder cancer cells may contribute to the outcome of BCG treatment. Here, we studied the expression and function of TLR4 and TLR9 in human bladder cancer cell lines. METHODS TLR4 and TLR9 messenger RNA and protein levels were determined by real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction and Western blot. Selected cell lines were analyzed with respect to cytokine induction, proliferation, and cell invasion after addition of BCG, TLR4-specific agonist lipopolysaccharide (LPS), or TLR9 agonist (CpG-oligodeoxynucleotide [ODN]). RESULTS TLR4 and TLR9 were expressed quite heterogeneously in human bladder cancer cells. BCG caused induction of interleukin (IL)-6 or IL-8 in BFTC905 and T24 cells as representatives for TLR4-/TLR9-expressing cells. The study aimed to dissect TLR4- and TLR9-mediated effects. For functional analysis of TLR4 with LPS, we selected T24 and BFTC905 cells with high and undetectable TLR4 levels, respectively. For TLR9 analysis with CpG-ODN, we selected UMUC3 and RT112 cells with high and low TLR9 levels, respectively. Addition of LPS caused significant induction of TNFα and IL-6 messenger RNA in T24 cells but not in BFTC905 cells. Addition of CpG-ODN induced interferon ß (INFß), IL-8, tumor necrosis factor α (TNFα) and the angiogenic factors vascular endothelial growth factor-A and placental growth factor in UMUC3 cells; whereas in RT112 cells, induction of IL-8 and TNFα was noticed. Interestingly, addition of CpG-ODN significantly reduced cell viability and increased cell invasion in UMUC3 and RT112 cells. CONCLUSIONS Our findings demonstrate that bladder cancer cell lines express functional TLR4 and TLR9 with possible effects on cancer progression and outcome of BCG-based immunotherapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Peter J Olbert
- Department of Urology and Pediatric Urology, Philipps University of Marburg, Marburg, Hessen, Germany
| | - Claudia Kesch
- Department of Urology and Pediatric Urology, Philipps University of Marburg, Marburg, Hessen, Germany
| | - Marcus Henrici
- Department of Urology and Pediatric Urology, Philipps University of Marburg, Marburg, Hessen, Germany
| | - Florentine S Subtil
- Department of Radiotherapy and Radiooncology, Philipps University of Marburg, Marburg, Hessen, Germany
| | - Astrid Honacker
- Department of Urology and Pediatric Urology, Philipps University of Marburg, Marburg, Hessen, Germany
| | - Axel Hegele
- Department of Urology and Pediatric Urology, Philipps University of Marburg, Marburg, Hessen, Germany
| | - Rainer Hofmann
- Department of Urology and Pediatric Urology, Philipps University of Marburg, Marburg, Hessen, Germany
| | - Jörg Hänze
- Department of Urology and Pediatric Urology, Philipps University of Marburg, Marburg, Hessen, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Thermoneutral housing is a critical factor for immune function and diet-induced obesity in C57BL/6 nude mice. Int J Obes (Lond) 2014; 39:791-7. [PMID: 25349057 DOI: 10.1038/ijo.2014.187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2014] [Revised: 10/06/2014] [Accepted: 10/14/2014] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Obesity-related cancers represent public health burdens of the first order. Nevertheless, suitable mouse models to unravel molecular mechanisms linking obesity to human cancer are still not available. One translational model is the immunocompromised Foxn1 (winged-helix/forkead transcription factor) nude mouse transplanted with human tumor xenografts. However, most xenograft studies are conducted in nude mice on an in-bred BALB/c background that entails protection from diet-induced obesity. To overcome such resistance to obesity and its sequelae, we here propose the dual strategy of utilizing Foxn1 nude mice on a C57BL/6 background and housing them at their thermoneutral zone. METHODS C57BL/6 nude and corresponding wild-type mice, housed at 23 or 33 °C, were subjected to either low-fat diet or high-fat diet (HFD). Energy expenditure, locomotor activity, body core temperature, respiratory quotient as well as food and water intake were analyzed using indirect calorimetry. Immune function at different housing temperatures was assessed by using an in vivo cytokine capture assay. RESULTS Our data clearly demonstrate that conventional housing protects C57BL/6 nude mice from HFD-induced obesity, potentially via increased energy expenditure. In contrast, HFD-fed C57BL/6 nude mice housed at thermoneutral conditions develop adiposity, increased hepatic triglyceride accumulation, adipose tissue inflammation and glucose intolerance. Moreover, increased circulating levels of lipopolysaccharide-driven cytokines suggest a greatly enhanced immune response in C57BL/6 nude mice housed at thermoneutrality. CONCLUSION Our data reveals mild cold stress as a major modulator for energy and body weight homeostasis as well as immune function in C57BL/6 nude mice. Adjusting housing temperatures to the thermoneutral zone may ultimately be key to successfully study growth and progression of human tumors in a diet-induced obese environment.
Collapse
|
30
|
Wang F, Yang Y. RETRACTED: Identification of an antitumor immune response of polyhistidine through a toll-like receptor 4-dependent manner. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2014; 453:148-52. [PMID: 25264106 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2014.09.078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2014] [Accepted: 09/18/2014] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Polyhistidine is widely used for the delivery of nucleic acids and antibodies into the cell cytoplasm. However, little attention has been concerned on the effect of polyhistidine on the immune system. In this work, we identify a novel function of polyhistidine as an activator of the immune system. Single-molecule fluorescence imaging and single-molecule force measurements show that polyhistidine binds specifically to the toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4), inducing receptor dimerization and activation. Moreover, in a B16 melanoma model we demonstrate that polyhistidine treatment inhibits tumor growth in TLR4(+/+) but not TLR4(-/-) mice. These results suggest the potential use of polyhistidine for cancer immunotherapy.
Collapse
MESH Headings
- Animals
- Cytokines/genetics
- Cytokines/metabolism
- Histidine/immunology
- Histidine/pharmacology
- Immunotherapy
- Melanoma, Experimental/immunology
- Melanoma, Experimental/pathology
- Melanoma, Experimental/therapy
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Mice, Knockout
- Microscopy, Atomic Force
- Protein Multimerization
- RNA, Messenger/genetics
- RNA, Messenger/metabolism
- RNA, Neoplasm/genetics
- RNA, Neoplasm/metabolism
- Toll-Like Receptor 4/deficiency
- Toll-Like Receptor 4/genetics
- Toll-Like Receptor 4/metabolism
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Feng Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Tenth People's Hospital of Shanghai, Tongji University, Shanghai 200072, PR China; Department of Nanomedicine, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Yong Yang
- Department of Nanomedicine, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY 10065, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Irradiated tumor cells of lipopolysaccharide stimulation elicit an enhanced anti-tumor immunity. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol 2014; 140:1815-23. [PMID: 24927808 DOI: 10.1007/s00432-014-1721-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2014] [Accepted: 05/22/2014] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) is a major component of the outer surface membrane of Gram-negative bacteria which has been proved an effective immune enhancer. Here, we investigated the anti-tumor effect of irradiated tumor cells that stimulated by LPS in mouse xenografts models. METHODS Tumor cells were irradiated after stimulation with 1 μg/mL LPS for 48 h. The C57BL/6 mice were immunized subcutaneously with irradiated tumor cells. The anti-tumor effect of lymphocytes of immunized mice was investigated. The cytotoxicity of spleen lymphocytes from immunized mice was determined by a standard (51)Cr-release assay. The roles of immune cell subsets in anti-tumor activity were assessed by injected intraperitoneally with monoclonal antibodies. RESULTS We observed that the vaccine of irradiated tumor cell with LPS-stimulated elicited a stronger protective anti-tumor immunity than other controls. Adoptive transfer of lymphocytes of immunized mice showed that the cellular immune response was involved in the anti-tumor effect. And this effect was achieved by activation of antigen-specific CD8(+) T cell response and reduction of myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs, Gr1(+) CD11b (+) ), which were confirmed by depletion of immune cell subsets and flow cytometry analysis. CONCLUSIONS In summary, our study showed that stimulation of LPS was able to enhance anti-tumor immunity of vaccination with tumor cells after irradiation treatment, which might be a new strategy for cancer therapy.
Collapse
|
32
|
Yang Y, Wolfram J, Fang X, Shen H, Ferrari M. Polyarginine induces an antitumor immune response through binding to toll-like receptor 4. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2014; 10:1250-4. [PMID: 24323884 PMCID: PMC4116740 DOI: 10.1002/smll.201302887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2013] [Revised: 10/25/2013] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
A novel function of polyarginine as an activator of the immune system is reported. Single-molecule fluorescence imaging and single-molecule force measurements demonstrate that polyarginine binds specifically to the toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4), inducing receptor dimerization and activation. Moreover, polyarginine induced immune activation inhibits tumor growth. These results suggest the potential use of polyarginine for cancer immunotherapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yong Yang
- Department of Nanomedicine, The Methodist Hospital Research Institute, 6670 Bertner Ave, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Joy Wolfram
- Department of Nanomedicine, The Methodist Hospital Research Institute, 6670 Bertner Ave, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Xiaohong Fang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Nanostructures and Nanotechnology, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Haifa Shen
- Department of Nanomedicine, The Methodist Hospital Research Institute, 6670 Bertner Ave, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Mauro Ferrari
- Department of Nanomedicine, The Methodist Hospital Research Institute, 6670 Bertner Ave, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Li PM, Li YL, Liu B, Wang WJ, Wang YZ, Li Z. Curcumin Inhibits MHCC97H Liver Cancer Cells by Activating ROS/TLR-4/Caspase Signaling Pathway. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2014; 15:2329-34. [DOI: 10.7314/apjcp.2014.15.5.2329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
|
34
|
The role of inflammation in prostate cancer. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2014; 816:153-81. [PMID: 24818723 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-0348-0837-8_7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
In the United States and in "Westernized" countries, the prevalence of both prostate cancer and prostate inflammation is very high, indicating that the two pathologies could be causally related. Indeed, chronic inflammation is now regarded as an "enabling" characteristic of human cancer. Prostate cancer incidence is thought to be mediated in part by genetics, but also by environmental exposures, including the same exposures that may contribute to the development of prostatic inflammation. As our understanding of the role of inflammation in cancer deepens, it is increasingly apparent that "inflammation" as a whole is a complex entity that does not always play a negative role in cancer etiology. In fact, inflammation can play potentially dichotomous (both pro and antitumorigenic) roles depending on the nature and the cellular makeup of the immune response. This chapter will focus on reviewing the current state of knowledge on the role of innate and adaptive immune cells within the prostate tumor microenvironment and their seemingly complex role in prostate cancer in preventing versus promoting initiation and progression of the disease.
Collapse
|
35
|
Li D, Wang W, Shi HS, Fu YJ, Chen X, Chen XC, Liu YT, Kan B, Wang YS. Gene therapy with beta-defensin 2 induces antitumor immunity and enhances local antitumor effects. Hum Gene Ther 2013; 25:63-72. [PMID: 24134464 DOI: 10.1089/hum.2013.161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Beta-defensins, small antimicrobial peptides, are involved in host immune responses to tumors. In this study, we used beta-defensin 2 (BD2) to explore the possible role of beta-defensins in cancer gene therapy. A recombinant plasmid expressing a secretable form of BD2 was constructed. The biological activities of BD2 in immature dendritic cells (iDCs) were tested in vitro and in vivo. The antitumor effects were investigated in three established tumor models. The secreted BD2 was detected and exhibited chemotactic activity in iDCs both in vitro and in vivo. Recruitment and activation of iDCs in tumor niches resulted in significant tumor growth inhibition. Adoptive transfer of splenocytes and depletion of immune cell subsets revealed that CD8(+) T lymphocyte responses mediated the increased tumor inhibition. Furthermore, we also found that chemotactic and maturation-inducing activities in iDCs in tumor milieu contributed to enhanced local antitumor effects. Our study indicates that gene therapy with BD2 can mediate specific antitumor immunity and augment local antitumor effects. Our study also suggested that beta-defensins may merit further exploration for cancer immunotherapy as promising immunogenes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dan Li
- Department of Thoracic Oncology, Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University , Chengdu 610042, P.R. China
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
36
|
Han JH, Park SY, Kim JB, Cho SD, Kim B, Kim BY, Kang MJ, Kim DJ, Park JH, Park JH. TLR7 expression is decreased during tumour progression in transgenic adenocarcinoma of mouse prostate mice and its activation inhibits growth of prostate cancer cells. Am J Reprod Immunol 2013; 70:317-26. [PMID: 23790156 DOI: 10.1111/aji.12146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2013] [Accepted: 06/04/2013] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
PROBLEM Although various Toll-like receptors (TLRs) have been associated with immune response and tumorigenesis in the prostate cells, little is known about the role of TLR7. Accordingly, we examined the expression of TLR7 during tumour progression of TRMAP (transgenic mouse model for prostate cancer) mice and its role on cell growth. METHOD OF STUDY Toll-like receptor7 expression was examined by RT-polymerase chain reaction (PCR), Western blot, and immunohistochemistry. Cell growth was examined by MTT assay. Colony formation was investigated by crystal violet staining. RESULTS Strong expression of TLR7 was detected in the normal prostate epithelia of Wild-type (WT) mice, but not in TLR7-deficient mice. In contrast, TLR7 expression was weak in transgenic adenocarcinoma of mouse prostate (TRAMP)-C2 cells, as compared with murine bone marrow-derived macrophages (BMDMs). Moreover, TLR7 mRNA was markedly expressed in RWPE-1 cells (non-cancerous prostate epithelial cells), but not in PC3 and DU145 (prostate cancer cells). Immunohistochemically, TLR7 expression gradually decreased in TRAMP mice depending on the pathologic grade of the prostate cells. TLR7 agonists increased both the gene and protein expression of TLR7 and promoted production of proinflammatory cytokines/chemokines and IFN-β gene expression in prostate cancer cell lines. Moreover, loxoribine inhibited the growth and colony formation of TRAMP-C2 cells dependent of TLR7. CONCLUSION These findings suggest that TLR7 may participate in tumour suppression in the prostate cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ju-Hee Han
- Laboratory Animal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul University, Seoul, Korea
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
37
|
Gatti G, Nuñez NG, Nocera DA, Dejager L, Libert C, Giraudo C, Maccioni M. Direct effect of dsRNA mimetics on cancer cells induces endogenous IFN-β production capable of improving dendritic cell function. Eur J Immunol 2013; 43:1849-61. [PMID: 23636788 DOI: 10.1002/eji.201242902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2012] [Revised: 03/13/2013] [Accepted: 04/25/2013] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Viral double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) mimetics have been explored in cancer immunotherapy to promote antitumoral immune response. Polyinosine-polycytidylic acid (poly I:C) and polyadenylic-polyuridylic acid (poly A:U) are synthetic analogs of viral dsRNA and strong inducers of type I interferon (IFN). We describe here a novel effect of dsRNA analogs on cancer cells: besides their potential to induce cancer cell apoptosis through an IFN-β autocrine loop, dsRNA-elicited IFN-β production improves dendritic cell (DC) functionality. Human A549 lung and DU145 prostate carcinoma cells significantly responded to poly I:C stimulation, producing IFN-β at levels that were capable of activating STAT1 and enhancing CXCL10, CD40, and CD86 expression on human monocyte-derived DCs. IFN-β produced by poly I:C-activated human cancer cells increased the capacity of monocyte-derived DCs to stimulate IFN-γ production in an allogeneic stimulatory culture in vitro. When melanoma murine B16 cells were stimulated in vitro with poly A:U and then inoculated into TLR3(-/-) mice, smaller tumors were elicited. This tumor growth inhibition was abrogated in IFNAR1(-/-) mice. Thus, dsRNA compounds are effective adjuvants not only because they activate DCs and promote strong adaptive immunity, but also because they can directly act on cancer cells to induce endogenous IFN-β production and contribute to the antitumoral response.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gerardo Gatti
- Centro de Investigaciones en Bioquímica Clínica e Inmunología (CIBICI-CONICET), Departamento de Bioquímica Clínica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
38
|
Gambara G, De Cesaris P, De Nunzio C, Ziparo E, Tubaro A, Filippini A, Riccioli A. Toll-like receptors in prostate infection and cancer between bench and bedside. J Cell Mol Med 2013; 17:713-22. [PMID: 23551576 PMCID: PMC3823175 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.12055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2012] [Accepted: 02/27/2013] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Toll-Like receptors (TLRs) are a family of evolutionary conserved transmembrane proteins that recognize highly conserved molecules in pathogens. TLR-expressing cells represent the first line of defence sensing pathogen invasion, triggering innate immune responses and subsequently priming antigen-specific adaptive immunity. In vitro and in vivo studies on experimental cancer models have shown both anti- and pro-tumoural activity of different TLRs in prostate cancer, indicating these receptors as potential targets for cancer therapy. In this review, we highlight the intriguing duplicity of TLR stimulation by pathogens: their protective role in cases of acute infections, and conversely their negative role in favouring hyperplasia and/or cancer onset, in cases of chronic infections. This review focuses on the role of TLRs in the pathophysiology of prostate infection and cancer by exploring the biological bases of the strict relation between TLRs and prostate cancer. In particular, we highlight the debated question of how reliable mutations or deregulated expression of TLRs are as novel diagnostic or prognostic tools for prostate cancer. So far, the anticancer activity of numerous TLR ligands has been evaluated in clinical trials only in organs other than the prostate. Here we review recent clinical trials based on the most promising TLR agonists in oncology, envisaging a potential application also in prostate cancer therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Guido Gambara
- Istituto Pasteur-Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, Department of Anatomy, Histology, Forensic Medicine and Orthopaedics, Section of Histology and Medical Embryology, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
39
|
Koido S, Homma S, Okamoto M, Namiki Y, Takakura K, Takahara A, Odahara S, Tsukinaga S, Yukawa T, Mitobe J, Matsudaira H, Nagatsuma K, Uchiyama K, Kajihara M, Arihiro S, Imazu H, Arakawa H, Kan S, Komita H, Ito M, Ohkusa T, Gong J, Tajiri H. Combined TLR2/4-activated dendritic/tumor cell fusions induce augmented cytotoxic T lymphocytes. PLoS One 2013; 8:e59280. [PMID: 23555011 PMCID: PMC3598755 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0059280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2013] [Accepted: 02/13/2013] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Induction of antitumor immunity by dendritic cell (DC)-tumor fusion cells (DC/tumor) can be modulated by their activation status. In this study, to address optimal status of DC/tumor to induce efficient antigen-specific cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs), we have created various types of DC/tumor: 1) un-activated DC/tumor; 2) penicillin-killed Streptococcus pyogenes (OK-432; TLR4 agonist)-activated DC/tumor; 3) protein-bound polysaccharides isolated from Coriolus versicolor (PSK; TLR2 agonist)-activated DC/tumor; and 4) Combined OK-432- and PSK-activated DC/tumor. Moreover, we assessed the effects of TGF-β1 derived from DC/tumor on the induction of MUC1-specific CTLs. Combined TLR2- and TLR4-activated DC/tumor overcame immune-suppressive effect of TGF-β1 in comparison to those single activated or un-activated DC/tumor as demonstrated by: 1) up-regulation of MHC class II and CD86 expression on DC/tumor; 2) increased fusion efficiency; 3) increased production of fusions derived IL-12p70; 4) activation of CD4+ and CD8+ T cells that produce high levels of IFN-γ; 5) augmented induction of CTL activity specific for MUC1; and 6) superior efficacy in inhibiting CD4+CD25+Foxp3+ T cell generation. However, DC/tumor-derived TGF-β1 reduced the efficacy of DC/tumor vaccine in vitro. Incorporating combined TLRs-activation and TGF-β1-blockade of DC/tumor may enhance the effectiveness of DC/tumor-based cancer vaccines and have the potential applicability to the field of adoptive immunotherapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shigeo Koido
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, The Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
40
|
Constitutive TLR4 signalling in intestinal epithelium reduces tumor load by increasing apoptosis in APCMin/+ mice. Oncogene 2013; 33:369-77. [DOI: 10.1038/onc.2012.581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2012] [Revised: 10/08/2012] [Accepted: 10/26/2012] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
|
41
|
Wang L, Zhao Y, Qian J, Sun L, Lu Y, Li H, Li Y, Yang J, Cai Z, Yi Q. Toll-like receptor-4 signaling in mantle cell lymphoma: effects on tumor growth and immune evasion. Cancer 2012; 119:782-91. [PMID: 22915070 DOI: 10.1002/cncr.27792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2012] [Revised: 06/22/2012] [Accepted: 07/26/2012] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mantle cell lymphoma (MCL) is an incurable B-cell malignancy, and patients with this disease have the poorest prognosis among all patients with B-cell lymphomas. The signaling pathways that trigger MCL escape from immune surveillance are unclear. Because Toll-like receptors (TLRs) initiate innate and adaptive immune responses against invading pathogens, the authors investigated the impact of TLR signaling in MCL cells. METHODS TLR expression was examined in MCL cell lines and in primary tumors. The examination focused on TLR4 and its ligand lipopolysaccharide (LPS) on MCL cells and their function on MCL proliferation and immune evasion. RESULTS MCL cells expressed multiple TLRs, and TLR4 was among the highest expressed molecules. The activation of TLR4 signaling in MCL cells by LPS induced MCL proliferation and up-regulated the secretion of cytokines like interleukin-6 (IL-6), IL-10, and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF). LPS-pretreated MCL cells inhibited the proliferation and cytolytic activity of T cells by secreted IL-10 and VEGF, and neutralizing antibodies against these cytokines restored their functions. Similar results were observed in TLR4-positive/myeloid differentiation 88 (MyD88)-positive primary lymphoma cells but not in TLR4-positive/MyD88-negative primary lymphoma cells from patients with MCL. Knockdown of TLR4 on MCL cells abrogated the effect of LPS on MCL cells in term of cell growth or secretion of the cytokines and evasion of the immune system. CONCLUSIONS The current results indicated that TLR4 signaling triggers a cascade that leads to MCL growth and evasion from immune surveillance. Thus, TLR4 signaling molecules may be novel therapeutic targets in patients with MCL.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lijuan Wang
- Department of Lymphoma/Myeloma, Center for Cancer Immunology Research, Division of Cancer Medicine, The University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
42
|
Núñez NG, Andreani V, Crespo MI, Nocera DA, Breser ML, Morón G, Dejager L, Libert C, Rivero V, Maccioni M. IFNβ produced by TLR4-activated tumor cells is involved in improving the antitumoral immune response. Cancer Res 2011; 72:592-603. [PMID: 22139376 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-11-0534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Toll-like receptor (TLR) ligands may be a valuable tool to promote antitumor responses by reinforcing antitumor immunity. In addition to their expression in immune cells, functional TLRs are also expressed by many cancer cells, but their significance has been controversial. In this study, we examined the action of TLR ligands on tumor pathophysiology as a result of direct tumor cell effects. B16 murine melanoma cells were stimulated in vitro with a TLR4 ligand (LPS-B16) prior to inoculation into TLR4-deficient mice (Tlr4 (lps-del)). Under such conditions, B16 cells yielded smaller tumors than nonstimulated B16 cells. The apoptosis/proliferation balance of the cells was not modified by TLR ligand treatment, nor was this effect compromised in immunocompromised nude mice. Mechanistic investigations revealed that IFNβ was the critical factor produced by TLR4-activated tumor cells in mediating their in vivo outgrowth. Transcriptional analysis showed that TLR4 activation on B16 cells induced changes in the expression of type I IFN and type I IFN-related genes. Most importantly, culture supernatants from LPS-B16 cells improved the maturation of bone marrow-derived dendritic cells (BMDC) from TLR4-deficient mice, upregulating the expression of interleukin-12 and costimulatory molecules on those cells. BMDC maturation was blunted by addition of an IFNβ-neutralizing antibody. Moreover, tumor growth inhibition observed in LPS-B16 tumors was abrogated in IFNAR1-deficient mice lacking a functional type I IFN receptor for binding IFN. Together, our findings show that tumor cells can be induced through the TLR4 pathway to produce IFN and positively contribute to the antitumoral immune response.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nicolás Gonzalo Núñez
- Centro de Investigaciones en Bioquímica Clínica e Inmunología, CIBICI-CONICET, Departamento de Bioquímica Clínica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
43
|
Toll-like receptor 4 activation in cancer progression and therapy. Clin Dev Immunol 2011; 2011:609579. [PMID: 22110526 PMCID: PMC3216292 DOI: 10.1155/2011/609579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 113] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2011] [Accepted: 09/01/2011] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Cancer immunotherapy has been the focus of intense research since the late 19th century when Coley observed that bacterial components can contribute to cancer regression by eliciting an antitumor immune response. Successful activation and maturation of tumor-specific immune cells is now known to be mediated by bacterial endotoxin, which activates Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4). TLR4 is expressed on a variety of immune as well as tumor cells, but its activation can have opposing effects. While TLR4 activation can promote antitumor immunity, it can also result in increased tumor growth and immunosuppression. Nevertheless, TLR4 engagement by endotoxin as well as by endogenous ligands represents notable contribution to the outcome of different cancer treatments, such as radiation or chemotherapy. Further research of the role and mechanisms of TLR4 activation in cancer may provide novel antitumor vaccine adjuvants as well as TLR4 inhibitors that could prevent inflammation-induced carcinogenesis.
Collapse
|
44
|
Abdi J, Engels F, Garssen J, Redegeld F. The role of Toll-like receptor mediated signalling in the pathogenesis of multiple myeloma. Crit Rev Oncol Hematol 2011; 80:225-40. [DOI: 10.1016/j.critrevonc.2010.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2010] [Revised: 10/05/2010] [Accepted: 12/08/2010] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
|
45
|
The role of airborne microbes in school and its impact on asthma, allergy, and respiratory symptoms among school children. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011. [DOI: 10.1097/mrm.0b013e32834a449c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
|
46
|
Agalliu I, Costello S, Applebaum KM, Ray RM, Astrakianakis G, Gao DL, Thomas DB, Checkoway H, Eisen EA. Risk of lung cancer in relation to contiguous windows of endotoxin exposure among female textile workers in Shanghai. Cancer Causes Control 2011; 22:1397-404. [PMID: 21732048 DOI: 10.1007/s10552-011-9812-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2011] [Accepted: 06/24/2011] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Exposure to endotoxin has been consistently associated with a reduced risk of lung cancer. However, there is a paucity of information regarding temporal aspects of this relationship. The objective of this study was to investigate the associations between contiguous windows of endotoxin exposure and risk of lung cancer. METHODS Data were reanalyzed from a case-cohort study (602 cases, 3,038 subcohort) of female textile workers in Shanghai, China. Cumulative endotoxin exposure was partitioned into two windows: ≥20 and <20 years before risk. Exposure-response relations were examined using categorical and non-linear (semi-parametric) models, accounting for confounding by previous exposure windows. RESULTS There was an inverse trend of decreasing risk of lung cancer associated with increasing levels of endotoxin exposure ≥20 years before risk (p trend = 0.02). Women in the highest two categories of cumulative exposures had hazard ratios of 0.78 (95% CI 0.60-1.03) and 0.77 (95% CI 0.58-1.02) for lung cancer, respectively, in comparison with unexposed textile workers. There was, however, a weaker association and not statistically significant between lung cancer and endotoxin exposure accumulated in the more recent window (<20 years before risk). CONCLUSION Results provide further evidence that endotoxin exposure that occurred 20 years or more before risk confers the strongest protection against lung cancer, indicating a possible early anti-carcinogenic effect. Further studies are needed to better understand the underlying biological mechanisms for this effect.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ilir Agalliu
- Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, 1300 Morris Park Ave., Belfer Bldg Room 1315-B, Bronx, NY, USA.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
47
|
Riddell JR, Bshara W, Moser MT, Spernyak JA, Foster BA, Gollnick SO. Peroxiredoxin 1 controls prostate cancer growth through Toll-like receptor 4-dependent regulation of tumor vasculature. Cancer Res 2011; 71:1637-46. [PMID: 21343392 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-10-3674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
In recent years a number of studies have implicated chronic inflammation in prostate carcinogenesis. However, mitigating factors of inflammation in the prostate are virtually unknown. Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) activity is associated with inflammation and is correlated with progression risk in prostate cancer (CaP). TLR4 ligands include bacterial cell wall proteins, danger signaling proteins, and intracellular proteins such as heat shock proteins and peroxiredoxin 1 (Prx1). Here we show that Prx1 is overexpressed in human CaP specimens and that it regulates prostate tumor growth through TLR4-dependent regulation of prostate tumor vasculature. Inhibiting Prx1 expression in prostate tumor cells reduced tumor vascular formation and function. Furthermore, Prx1 inhibition reduced levels of angiogenic proteins such as VEGF within the tumor microenvironment. Lastly, Prx1-stimulated endothelial cell proliferation, migration, and differentiation in a TLR4- and VEGF-dependent manner. Taken together, these results implicate Prx1 as a tumor-derived inducer of inflammation, providing a mechanistic link between inflammation and TLR4 in prostate carcinogenesis. Our findings implicate Prx1 as a novel therapeutic target for CaP.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jonah R Riddell
- Department of Cell Stress Biology, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, New York 14263, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
48
|
|
49
|
Lundin JI, Checkoway H. Endotoxin and cancer. CIENCIA & SAUDE COLETIVA 2010; 15:2787-98. [PMID: 20922287 DOI: 10.1590/s1413-81232010000600016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2008] [Accepted: 05/07/2009] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Exposure to endotoxin, a component of gram-negative bacterial cell walls, is widespread in many industrial settings and in the ambient environment. Heavy-exposure environments include livestock farms, cotton textile facilities, and saw mills. In this article, we review epidemiologic, clinical trial, and experimental studies pertinent to the hypothesis that endotoxin prevents cancer. Since the 1970s, epidemiologic studies of cotton textile and other endotoxin-exposed occupational groups have consistently demonstrated reduced lung cancer risks. Experimental animal toxicology research and some limited therapeutic trials in cancer patients offer additional support for an anticarcinogenic potential. The underlying biological mechanisms of anticarcinogenesis are not entirely understood but are thought to involve the recruitment and activation of immune cells and proinflammatory mediators (e.g., tumor necrosis factor α and interleukin-1 and -6). In view of the current state of knowledge, it would be premature to recommend endotoxin as a cancer-chemopreventive agent. However, further epidemiologic and experimental investigations that can clarify further dose-effect and exposure-timing relations could have substantial public health and basic biomedical benefits.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jessica I Lundin
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, University of Washington, School of Public Health, Office E-179E, Box 357234, 1959 NE Pacific St., Seattle, WA 98195, USA. jlundin2@.u.washington.edu
| | | |
Collapse
|
50
|
|