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Diodati NG, Dupee ZE, Lima FT, Famiglietti J, Smolchek RA, Qu G, Goddard Y, Nguyen DT, Sawyer WG, Phelps EA, Mehrad B, Schaller MA. 3D Culture Analysis of Cancer Cell Adherence to Ex Vivo Lung Microexplants. Tissue Eng Part C Methods 2024; 30:343-352. [PMID: 39078332 DOI: 10.1089/ten.tec.2024.0146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/31/2024] Open
Abstract
Ex vivo 3D culture of human tissue explants addresses many limitations of traditional monolayer cell culture techniques, namely the lack of cellular heterogeneity and absence of 3D intercellular spatial relationships, but presents challenges with regard to repeatability owing to the difficulty of acquiring multiple tissue samples from the same donor. In this study, we used a cryopreserved bank of human lung microexplants, ∼1 mm3 fragments of peripheral lung from donors undergoing lung resection surgery, and a liquid-like solid 3D culture matrix to describe a method for the analysis of non-small-cell lung cancer adhesion to human lung tissue. H226 (squamous cell carcinoma), H441 (lung adenocarcinoma), and H460 (large cell carcinoma) cell lines were cocultured with lung microexplants. Confocal fluorescence microscopy was used to visualize the adherence of each cell line to lung microexplants. Adherent cancer cells were quantified following filtration of nonadherent cells, digestion of cultured microexplants, and flow cytometry. This method was used to evaluate the role of integrins in cancer cell adherence. A statistically significant decrease in the adherence of H460 cells to lung microexplants was observed when anti-integrins were administered to H460 cells before coculture with lung microexplants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nickolas G Diodati
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Zadia E Dupee
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Felipe T Lima
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Jack Famiglietti
- Wertheim College of Engineering, University of Florida Herbert, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Ryan A Smolchek
- Wertheim College of Engineering, University of Florida Herbert, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Ganlin Qu
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Yana Goddard
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Duy T Nguyen
- Wertheim College of Engineering, University of Florida Herbert, Gainesville, Florida, USA
- Department of BioEngineering, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, Florida, USA
| | - W Gregory Sawyer
- Wertheim College of Engineering, University of Florida Herbert, Gainesville, Florida, USA
- Department of BioEngineering, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, Florida, USA
| | - Edward A Phelps
- J. Crayton Pruitt Family Department of Biomedical Engineering, Wertheim College of Engineering, University of Florida Herbert, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Borna Mehrad
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Matthew A Schaller
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, Florida, USA
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Sun X, Guo Y. Chemerin Enhances Migration and Invasion of OC Cells via CMKLR1/RhoA/ROCK-Mediated EMT. Int J Endocrinol 2024; 2024:7957018. [PMID: 39104601 PMCID: PMC11300085 DOI: 10.1155/2024/7957018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2022] [Revised: 02/26/2024] [Accepted: 03/17/2024] [Indexed: 08/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Chemerin is a newly described adipokine with significant effects on obesity, metabolic disorders, and immune trafficking. Recently, chemerin has gained prominence for its potential roles in cancer and tumorigenesis with pro- or antitumor effects. To date, most referenced multifunctions of chemerin are attributed to the chemokine-like receptor 1 (CMKLR1), distributing broadly in many tissues. This study investigates the in vitro roles of chemerin treatment on migration and invasion of ovarian carcinoma cells (OVCAR-3 and SK-OV-3) and potential underlying mechanisms. Herein, exogenous chemerin treatment promotes growth and invasion of SK-OV-3 cells but has no significant effects on OVCAR-3 cells. SK-OV-3 cells undergo morphological elongation characterized by epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and Ras homologous genome members A (RhoA)/Rho protein-related curl spiral kinase-1 (ROCK1) activation. Furthermore, chemerin-enhanced invasion and EMT of SK-OV-3 cells are effectively blocked by C3 transferase (C3T) and Y27632 and RhoA and ROCK1 inhibitor, respectively. More importantly, RhoA/ROCK1-EMT-mediated SK-OV-3 cell invasion is orchestrated by CMKLR1 upregulation after chemerin treatment (50 ng/mL). The silencing of CMKLR1 significantly (P < 0.0001) reverses the chemerin-enhanced invasion, EMT, and RhoA/ROCK1 activation of SK-OV-3 cells. Our study indicates that chemerin promotes invasion of OC cells via CMKLR1-RhoA/ROCK1-mediated EMT, offering a novel potential target for metastasis of OC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaojing Sun
- First Hospital of China Medical UniversityDepartment of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shenyang 110001, Liaoning, China
| | - Yi Guo
- First Hospital of China Medical UniversityDepartment of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shenyang 110001, Liaoning, China
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Neuhaus F, Lieber S, Shinkevich V, Steitz AM, Raifer H, Roth K, Finkernagel F, Worzfeld T, Burchert A, Keber C, Nist A, Stiewe T, Reinartz S, Beutgen VM, Graumann J, Pauck K, Garn H, Gaida M, Müller R, Huber M. Reciprocal crosstalk between Th17 and mesothelial cells promotes metastasis-associated adhesion of ovarian cancer cells. Clin Transl Med 2024; 14:e1604. [PMID: 38566518 PMCID: PMC10988119 DOI: 10.1002/ctm2.1604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2023] [Revised: 02/07/2024] [Accepted: 02/15/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND IL-17A and TNF synergistically promote inflammation and tumorigenesis. Their interplay and impact on ovarian carcinoma (OC) progression are, however, poorly understood. We addressed this question focusing on mesothelial cells, whose interaction with tumor cells is known to play a pivotal role in transcoelomic metastasis formation. METHODS Flow-cytometry and immunohistochemistry experiments were employed to identify cellular sources of IL-17A and TNF. Changes in transcriptomes and secretomes were determined by bulk and single cell RNA sequencing as well as affinity proteomics. Functional consequences were investigated by microscopic analyses and tumor cell adhesion assays. Potential clinical implications were assessed by immunohistochemistry and survival analyses. RESULTS We identified Th17 cells as the main population of IL-17A- and TNF producers in ascites and detected their accumulation in early omental metastases. Both IL-17A and its receptor subunit IL-17RC were associated with short survival of OC patients, pointing to a role in clinical progression. IL-17A and TNF synergistically induced the reprogramming of mesothelial cells towards a pro-inflammatory mesenchymal phenotype, concomitantly with a loss of tight junctions and an impairment of mesothelial monolayer integrity, thereby promoting cancer cell adhesion. IL-17A and TNF synergistically induced the Th17-promoting cytokines IL-6 and IL-1β as well as the Th17-attracting chemokine CCL20 in mesothelial cells, indicating a reciprocal crosstalk that potentiates the tumor-promoting role of Th17 cells in OC. CONCLUSIONS Our findings reveal a novel function for Th17 cells in the OC microenvironment, which entails the IL-17A/TNF-mediated induction of mesothelial-mesenchymal transition, disruption of mesothelial layer integrity and consequently promotion of OC cell adhesion. These effects are potentiated by a positive feedback loop between mesothelial and Th17 cells. Together with the observed clinical associations and accumulation of Th17 cells in omental micrometastases, our observations point to a potential role in early metastases formation and thus to new therapeutic options.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felix Neuhaus
- Institute of Systems ImmunologyCenter for Tumor Biology and Immunology (ZTI)Philipps UniversityMarburgGermany
- Department of Translational OncologyCenter for Tumor Biology and Immunology (ZTI)Philipps UniversityMarburgGermany
| | - Sonja Lieber
- Institute of Systems ImmunologyCenter for Tumor Biology and Immunology (ZTI)Philipps UniversityMarburgGermany
| | | | - Anna Mary Steitz
- Department of Translational OncologyCenter for Tumor Biology and Immunology (ZTI)Philipps UniversityMarburgGermany
| | - Hartmann Raifer
- Institute of Systems ImmunologyCenter for Tumor Biology and Immunology (ZTI)Philipps UniversityMarburgGermany
- FACS Core FacilityCenter for Tumor Biology and Immunology (ZTI)Philipps UniversityMarburgGermany
| | - Kathrin Roth
- Cell Imaging Core Facility, Center for Tumor Biology and Immunology (ZTI)Philipps UniversityMarburgGermany
| | - Florian Finkernagel
- Bioinformatics Core Facility, Center for Tumor Biology and Immunology (ZTI)Philipps UniversityMarburgGermany
| | - Thomas Worzfeld
- Institute of PharmacologyPhilipps UniversityMarburgGermany
- Department of PharmacologyMax Planck Institute for Heart and Lung ResearchBad NauheimGermany
| | - Andreas Burchert
- Department of HematologyOncology and ImmunologyUniversity Hospital Giessen and MarburgMarburgGermany
| | - Corinna Keber
- Comprehensive Biomaterial Bank Marburg (CBBMR) and Institute of PathologyPhilipps UniversityMarburgGermany
| | - Andrea Nist
- Genomics Core FacilityInstitute of Molecular OncologyMember of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL)Philipps UniversityMarburgGermany
| | - Thorsten Stiewe
- Genomics Core FacilityInstitute of Molecular OncologyMember of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL)Philipps UniversityMarburgGermany
| | - Silke Reinartz
- Department of Translational OncologyCenter for Tumor Biology and Immunology (ZTI)Philipps UniversityMarburgGermany
| | - Vanessa M. Beutgen
- Institute of Translational Proteomics and Translational Proteomics Core FacilityBiochemical Pharmacological CentrePhilipps UniversityMarburgGermany
| | - Johannes Graumann
- Institute of Translational Proteomics and Translational Proteomics Core FacilityBiochemical Pharmacological CentrePhilipps UniversityMarburgGermany
| | - Kim Pauck
- Translational Inflammation Research Division and Core Facility for Single Cell MultiomicsPhilipps UniversityMarburgGermany
| | - Holger Garn
- Translational Inflammation Research Division and Core Facility for Single Cell MultiomicsPhilipps UniversityMarburgGermany
| | - Matthias Gaida
- Institute of PathologyUniversity Medical Center Mainz, Johannes Gutenberg UniversityMainzGermany
- TRON, Translational Oncology at the University Medical CenterJohannes Gutenberg UniversityMainzGermany
- Research Center for ImmunotherapyUniversity Medical Center Mainz, Johannes Gutenberg UniversityMainzGermany
| | - Rolf Müller
- Department of Translational OncologyCenter for Tumor Biology and Immunology (ZTI)Philipps UniversityMarburgGermany
| | - Magdalena Huber
- Institute of Systems ImmunologyCenter for Tumor Biology and Immunology (ZTI)Philipps UniversityMarburgGermany
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Terri M, Sandoval P, Bontempi G, Montaldo C, Tomero-Sanz H, de Turris V, Trionfetti F, Pascual-Antón L, Clares-Pedrero I, Battistelli C, Valente S, Zwergel C, Mai A, Rosanò L, Del Pozo MÁ, Sánchez-Álvarez M, Cabañas C, Tripodi M, López-Cabrera M, Strippoli R. HDAC1/2 control mesothelium/ovarian cancer adhesive interactions impacting on Talin-1-α5β1-integrin-mediated actin cytoskeleton and extracellular matrix protein remodeling. J Exp Clin Cancer Res 2024; 43:27. [PMID: 38254102 PMCID: PMC10804625 DOI: 10.1186/s13046-023-02930-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2023] [Accepted: 12/10/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Peritoneal metastasis, which accounts for 85% of all epithelial ovarian carcinoma (EOC) metastases, is a multistep process that requires the establishment of adhesive interactions between cancer cells and the peritoneal membrane. Interrelations between EOC and the mesothelial stroma are critical to facilitate the metastatic process. No data is available so far on the impact of histone acetylation/deacetylation, a potentially relevant mechanism governing EOC metastasis, on mesothelial cells (MCs)-mediated adhesion. METHODS Static adhesion and peritoneal clearance experiments were performed pretreating mesenchymal-like MCs and platinum-sensitive/resistant EOC cell lines with MS-275-a Histone deacetylase (HDAC)1-3 pharmacological inhibitor currently used in combination trials. Results were acquired by confocal microscopy and were analyzed with an automated Opera software. The role of HDAC1/2 was validated by genetic silencing. The role of α4-, α5-α1 Integrins and Fibronectin-1 was validated using specific monoclonal antibodies. Quantitative proteomic analysis was performed on primary MCs pretreated with MS-275. Decellularized matrices were generated from either MS-275-exposed or untreated cells to study Fibronectin-1 extracellular secretion. The effect of MS-275 on β1 integrin activity was assessed using specific monoclonal antibodies. The role of Talin-1 in MCs/EOC adhesion was analyzed by genetic silencing. Talin-1 ectopic expression was validated as a rescue tool from MS-275-induced phenotype. The in vivo effect of MS-275-induced MC remodeling was validated in a mouse model of peritoneal EOC dissemination. RESULTS Treatment of MCs with non-cytotoxic concentrations of MS-275 caused a consistent reduction of EOC adhesion. Proteomic analysis revealed several pathways altered upon MC treatment with MS-275, including ECM deposition/remodeling, adhesion receptors and actin cytoskeleton regulators. HDAC1/2 inhibition hampered actin cytoskeleton polymerization by downregulating actin regulators including Talin-1, impairing β1 integrin activation, and leading to abnormal extracellular secretion and distribution of Fibronectin-1. Talin-1 ectopic expression rescued EOC adhesion to MS-275-treated MCs. In an experimental mouse model of metastatic EOC, MS-275 limited tumor invasion, Fibronectin-1 secretion and the sub-mesothelial accumulation of MC-derived carcinoma-associated fibroblasts. CONCLUSION Our study unveils a direct impact of HDAC-1/2 in the regulation of MC/EOC adhesion and highlights the regulation of MC plasticity by epigenetic inhibition as a potential target for therapeutic intervention in EOC peritoneal metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michela Terri
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Viale Regina Elena 324, 00161, Rome, Italy
- National Institute for Infectious Diseases L. Spallanzani, IRCCS, Via Portuense, 292, 00149, Rome, Italy
| | - Pilar Sandoval
- Tissue and Organ Homeostasis Program, Cell-Cell Communication and Inflammation Unit, Centro de Biología Molecular "Severo Ochoa" (UAM-CSIC), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, 28049, Madrid, Spain
| | - Giulio Bontempi
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Viale Regina Elena 324, 00161, Rome, Italy
- National Institute for Infectious Diseases L. Spallanzani, IRCCS, Via Portuense, 292, 00149, Rome, Italy
| | - Claudia Montaldo
- National Institute for Infectious Diseases L. Spallanzani, IRCCS, Via Portuense, 292, 00149, Rome, Italy
| | - Henar Tomero-Sanz
- Tissue and Organ Homeostasis Program, Cell-Cell Communication and Inflammation Unit, Centro de Biología Molecular "Severo Ochoa" (UAM-CSIC), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, 28049, Madrid, Spain
| | - Valeria de Turris
- Center for Life Nano- & Neuro-Science, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia (IIT), 00161, Rome, Italy
| | - Flavia Trionfetti
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Viale Regina Elena 324, 00161, Rome, Italy
- National Institute for Infectious Diseases L. Spallanzani, IRCCS, Via Portuense, 292, 00149, Rome, Italy
| | - Lucía Pascual-Antón
- Tissue and Organ Homeostasis Program, Cell-Cell Communication and Inflammation Unit, Centro de Biología Molecular "Severo Ochoa" (UAM-CSIC), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, 28049, Madrid, Spain
| | - Irene Clares-Pedrero
- Tissue and Organ Homeostasis Program, Cell-Cell Communication and Inflammation Unit, Centro de Biología Molecular "Severo Ochoa" (UAM-CSIC), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, 28049, Madrid, Spain
- Department of Immunology, Ophthalmology and Otorhinolaryngology, School of Medicine, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28040, Madrid, Spain
| | - Cecilia Battistelli
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Viale Regina Elena 324, 00161, Rome, Italy
| | - Sergio Valente
- Department of Drug Chemistry and Technologies, Laboratory affiliated to Istituto Pasteur Italia-Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Clemens Zwergel
- Department of Drug Chemistry and Technologies, Laboratory affiliated to Istituto Pasteur Italia-Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Antonello Mai
- Department of Drug Chemistry and Technologies, Laboratory affiliated to Istituto Pasteur Italia-Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Laura Rosanò
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Pathology, CNR, Rome, Italy
| | - Miguel Ángel Del Pozo
- Mechanoadaptation and Caveolae Biology Lab, Area of Cell and Developmental Biology, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Miguel Sánchez-Álvarez
- Cell Compartmentalization, Homeostasis and Inflammation lab. Department of Metabolic and Immunity Diseases, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas "Sols-Morreale", 28029, Madrid, Spain
| | - Carlos Cabañas
- Tissue and Organ Homeostasis Program, Cell-Cell Communication and Inflammation Unit, Centro de Biología Molecular "Severo Ochoa" (UAM-CSIC), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, 28049, Madrid, Spain
- Department of Immunology, Ophthalmology and Otorhinolaryngology, School of Medicine, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28040, Madrid, Spain
| | - Marco Tripodi
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Viale Regina Elena 324, 00161, Rome, Italy
- National Institute for Infectious Diseases L. Spallanzani, IRCCS, Via Portuense, 292, 00149, Rome, Italy
| | - Manuel López-Cabrera
- Tissue and Organ Homeostasis Program, Cell-Cell Communication and Inflammation Unit, Centro de Biología Molecular "Severo Ochoa" (UAM-CSIC), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, 28049, Madrid, Spain
| | - Raffaele Strippoli
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Viale Regina Elena 324, 00161, Rome, Italy.
- National Institute for Infectious Diseases L. Spallanzani, IRCCS, Via Portuense, 292, 00149, Rome, Italy.
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Katipally RR, Pitroda SP, Weichselbaum RR, Hellman S. Oligometastases: Characterizing the Role of Epigenetic Regulation of Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition. Clin Cancer Res 2023; 29:2761-2766. [PMID: 37115507 PMCID: PMC10687742 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-23-0376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2023] [Revised: 03/30/2023] [Accepted: 04/25/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023]
Abstract
The "oligometastasis" hypothesis proposes that metastases exist as a spectrum and are not always disseminated. According to this theory, a subset of patients with metastatic disease could benefit from aggressive local therapies. However, the identification of patients most likely to exhibit an oligometastatic phenotype remains challenging. Recent literature focusing on basic and translational studies has identified novel epigenetic regulators of epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and the emergence of a spectrum of metastatic behavior. Herein, we review these scientific advances and suggest that the spectrum of metastatic virulence produced by these epigenetic mechanisms broadly contributes to the emergence of clinically evident "oligometastases." Epigenetic regulation of EMT programs can result in a spectrum of cell trajectories (e.g., quasi-mesenchymal and highly mesenchymal states) with differential propensity to develop metastases. We propose that quasi-mesenchymal cell states may be associated with a polymetastatic phenotype, whereas highly mesenchymal cell states may be associated with a more oligometastatic phenotype. The mechanisms governing epigenetic regulation of EMT and its array of intermediate states are multifaceted and may contribute to the development of the metastatic spectrum observed clinically. Within this context, translational studies that support the role of EMT and its epigenetic regulation are discussed. Continued translation of these mechanistic discoveries into novel biomarkers may help optimally select patients most likely to exhibit an oligometastatic phenotype and benefit from aggressive local therapies, such as surgery, radiotherapy, and other ablative procedures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rohan R. Katipally
- Department of Radiation and Cellular Oncology, University of Chicago Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Sean P. Pitroda
- Department of Radiation and Cellular Oncology, University of Chicago Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Ralph R. Weichselbaum
- Department of Radiation and Cellular Oncology, University of Chicago Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Samuel Hellman
- Department of Radiation and Cellular Oncology, University of Chicago Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
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Song J, Sokoll LJ, Zhang Z, Chan DW. VCAM-1 complements CA-125 in detecting recurrent ovarian cancer. Clin Proteomics 2023; 20:25. [PMID: 37357306 DOI: 10.1186/s12014-023-09414-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2022] [Accepted: 06/13/2023] [Indexed: 06/27/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Close to three-quarters of ovarian cancer cases are frequently diagnosed at an advanced stage, with more than 70% of them failing to respond to primary therapy and relapsing within 5 years. There is an urgent need to identify strategies for early detection of ovarian cancer recurrence, which may lead to earlier intervention and better outcomes. METHODS A customized magnetic bead-based 8-plex immunoassay was evaluated using a Bio-Plex 200 Suspension Array System. Target protein levels were analyzed in sera from 58 patients diagnosed with advanced ovarian cancer (including 34 primary and 24 recurrent tumors) and 46 healthy controls. The clinical performance of these biomarkers was evaluated individually and in combination for their ability to detect recurrent ovarian cancer. RESULTS An 8-plex immunoassay was evaluated with high analytical performance suitable for biomarker validation studies. Logistic regression modeling selected a two-marker panel of CA-125 and VCAM-1 that improved the performance of CA-125 alone in detecting recurrent ovarian cancer (AUC: 0.813 versus 0.700). At a fixed specificity of 83%, the two-marker panel significantly improved sensitivity in separating primary from recurrent tumors (70.8% versus 37.5%, P = 0.004), demonstrating that VCAM-1 was significantly complementary to CA-125 in detecting recurrent ovarian cancer. CONCLUSIONS A two-marker panel of CA-125 and VCAM-1 showed strong diagnostic performance and improvement over the use of CA-125 alone in detecting recurrent ovarian cancer. The experimental results warrant further clinical validation to determine their role in the early detection of recurrent ovarian cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Song
- Center for Biomarker Discovery and Translation, Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21287, USA.
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 419 North Caroline Street, Baltimore, MD, 21231, USA.
| | - Lori J Sokoll
- Center for Biomarker Discovery and Translation, Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21287, USA
- Department of Oncology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21287, USA
| | - Zhen Zhang
- Center for Biomarker Discovery and Translation, Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21287, USA
- Department of Oncology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21287, USA
| | - Daniel W Chan
- Center for Biomarker Discovery and Translation, Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21287, USA
- Department of Oncology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21287, USA
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7
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The Role of Natural and Semi-Synthetic Compounds in Ovarian Cancer: Updates on Mechanisms of Action, Current Trends and Perspectives. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28052070. [PMID: 36903316 PMCID: PMC10004182 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28052070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Revised: 02/16/2023] [Accepted: 02/21/2023] [Indexed: 02/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Ovarian cancer represents a major health concern for the female population: there is no obvious cause, it is frequently misdiagnosed, and it is characterized by a poor prognosis. Additionally, patients are inclined to recurrences because of metastasis and poor treatment tolerance. Combining innovative therapeutic techniques with established approaches can aid in improving treatment outcomes. Because of their multi-target actions, long application history, and widespread availability, natural compounds have particular advantages in this connection. Thus, effective therapeutic alternatives with improved patient tolerance hopefully can be identified within the world of natural and nature-derived products. Moreover, natural compounds are generally perceived to have more limited adverse effects on healthy cells or tissues, suggesting their potential role as valid treatment alternatives. In general, the anticancer mechanisms of such molecules are connected to the reduction of cell proliferation and metastasis, autophagy stimulation and improved response to chemotherapeutics. This review aims at discussing the mechanistic insights and possible targets of natural compounds against ovarian cancer, from the perspective of medicinal chemists. In addition, an overview of the pharmacology of natural products studied to date for their potential application towards ovarian cancer models is presented. The chemical aspects as well as available bioactivity data are discussed and commented on, with particular attention to the underlying molecular mechanism(s).
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8
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Lopez E, Kamboj S, Chen C, Wang Z, Kellouche S, Leroy-Dudal J, Carreiras F, Lambert A, Aimé C. In Vitro Models of Ovarian Cancer: Bridging the Gap between Pathophysiology and Mechanistic Models. Biomolecules 2023; 13:biom13010103. [PMID: 36671488 PMCID: PMC9855568 DOI: 10.3390/biom13010103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2022] [Revised: 12/23/2022] [Accepted: 12/25/2022] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Ovarian cancer (OC) is a disease of major concern with a survival rate of about 40% at five years. This is attributed to the lack of visible and reliable symptoms during the onset of the disease, which leads over 80% of patients to be diagnosed at advanced stages. This implies that metastatic activity has advanced to the peritoneal cavity. It is associated with both genetic and phenotypic heterogeneity, which considerably increase the risks of relapse and reduce the survival rate. To understand ovarian cancer pathophysiology and strengthen the ability for drug screening, further development of relevant in vitro models that recapitulate the complexity of OC microenvironment and dynamics of OC cell population is required. In this line, the recent advances of tridimensional (3D) cell culture and microfluidics have allowed the development of highly innovative models that could bridge the gap between pathophysiology and mechanistic models for clinical research. This review first describes the pathophysiology of OC before detailing the engineering strategies developed to recapitulate those main biological features.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elliot Lopez
- PASTEUR, Département de Chimie, École Normale Supérieure, PSL University, Sorbonne Université, CNRS, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Sahil Kamboj
- Equipe de Recherche sur les Relations Matrice Extracellulaire-Cellules, ERRMECe, EA1391, Groupe Matrice Extracellulaire et Physiopathologie (MECuP), Institut des Matériaux, I-MAT (FD4122), CY Cergy Paris Université, CEDEX, 95031 Neuville sur Oise, France
| | - Changchong Chen
- PASTEUR, Département de Chimie, École Normale Supérieure, PSL University, Sorbonne Université, CNRS, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Zixu Wang
- PASTEUR, Département de Chimie, École Normale Supérieure, PSL University, Sorbonne Université, CNRS, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Sabrina Kellouche
- Equipe de Recherche sur les Relations Matrice Extracellulaire-Cellules, ERRMECe, EA1391, Groupe Matrice Extracellulaire et Physiopathologie (MECuP), Institut des Matériaux, I-MAT (FD4122), CY Cergy Paris Université, CEDEX, 95031 Neuville sur Oise, France
| | - Johanne Leroy-Dudal
- Equipe de Recherche sur les Relations Matrice Extracellulaire-Cellules, ERRMECe, EA1391, Groupe Matrice Extracellulaire et Physiopathologie (MECuP), Institut des Matériaux, I-MAT (FD4122), CY Cergy Paris Université, CEDEX, 95031 Neuville sur Oise, France
| | - Franck Carreiras
- Equipe de Recherche sur les Relations Matrice Extracellulaire-Cellules, ERRMECe, EA1391, Groupe Matrice Extracellulaire et Physiopathologie (MECuP), Institut des Matériaux, I-MAT (FD4122), CY Cergy Paris Université, CEDEX, 95031 Neuville sur Oise, France
| | - Ambroise Lambert
- Equipe de Recherche sur les Relations Matrice Extracellulaire-Cellules, ERRMECe, EA1391, Groupe Matrice Extracellulaire et Physiopathologie (MECuP), Institut des Matériaux, I-MAT (FD4122), CY Cergy Paris Université, CEDEX, 95031 Neuville sur Oise, France
| | - Carole Aimé
- PASTEUR, Département de Chimie, École Normale Supérieure, PSL University, Sorbonne Université, CNRS, 75005 Paris, France
- Correspondence:
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VanHeyst KA, Choi SH, Kingsley DT, Huang AY. Ectopic Tumor VCAM-1 Expression in Cancer Metastasis and Therapy Resistance. Cells 2022; 11:cells11233922. [PMID: 36497180 PMCID: PMC9735769 DOI: 10.3390/cells11233922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2022] [Revised: 11/23/2022] [Accepted: 12/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Vascular Cell Adhesion Molecule-1 (VCAM-1; CD106) is a membrane protein that contributes critical physiologic functional roles in cellular immune response, including leukocyte extravasation in inflamed and infected tissues. Expressed as a cell membrane protein, VCAM-1 can also be cleaved from the cell surface into a soluble form (sVCAM-1). The integrin α4β1 (VLA-4) was identified as the first major ligand for VCAM-1. Ongoing studies suggest that, in addition to mediating physiologic immune functions, VCAM-1/VLA-4 signaling plays an increasingly vital role in the metastatic progression of various tumors. Additionally, elevated concentrations of sVCAM-1 have been found in the peripheral blood of patients with cancer, suggesting the tumor microenvironment (TME) as the source of sVCAM-1. Furthermore, over-expression of VLA-4 was linked to tumor progression in various malignancies when VCAM-1 was also up-regulated. This review explores the functional role of VCAM-1 expression in cancer metastasis and therapy resistance, and the potential for the disruption of VCAM-1/VLA-4 signaling as a novel immunotherapeutic approach in cancer, including osteosarcoma, which disproportionately affects the pediatric, adolescent and young adult population, as an unmet medical need.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristen A. VanHeyst
- Center for Pediatric Immunotherapy at Rainbow, Angie Fowler AYA Cancer Institute, Division of Pediatric Hematology-Oncology, UH Rainbow Babies and Children’s Hospital, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - Sung Hee Choi
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | | | - Alex Y. Huang
- Center for Pediatric Immunotherapy at Rainbow, Angie Fowler AYA Cancer Institute, Division of Pediatric Hematology-Oncology, UH Rainbow Babies and Children’s Hospital, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
- Case Comprehensive Cancer Center, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-216-368-1271
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Patel M, McAllister M, Nagaraju R, Badran SSFA, Edwards J, McBain AJ, Barriuso J, Aziz O. The intestinal microbiota in colorectal cancer metastasis – Passive observer or key player? Crit Rev Oncol Hematol 2022; 180:103856. [DOI: 10.1016/j.critrevonc.2022.103856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2022] [Revised: 10/03/2022] [Accepted: 10/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
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Hsu CF, Seenan V, Wang LY, Chu TY. Ovulation Enhances Intraperitoneal and Ovarian Seedings of High-Grade Serous Carcinoma Cells Originating from the Fallopian Tube: Confirmation in a Bursa-Free Mouse Xenograft Model. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23116211. [PMID: 35682896 PMCID: PMC9181345 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23116211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2022] [Revised: 05/27/2022] [Accepted: 05/27/2022] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Recently, new paradigms for the etiology and origin of ovarian high-grade serous carcinoma (HGSC) have emerged. The carcinogens released during ovulation transform fallopian tube epithelial cells, exfoliating and metastasizing to the peritoneal organs, including the ovaries. Solid in vivo evidence of the paradigms in a mouse model is urgently needed but is hampered by the differing tubo-ovarian structures. In mice, there is a bursa structure surrounding the distal oviduct and ovary. This, on one hand, prevents the direct influence of ovulatory follicular fluid (FF) on the exfoliated tumor cells. On the other hand, it hinders the seeding of exfoliated tumor cells into the ovary. Methods: In this study, we created a bursa-free mouse xenograft model to examine the effect of superovulation on peritoneal and ovarian metastases of transformed human tubal epithelial cells after intraperitoneal injection in NSG mice. Results: The bursa-free mouse model showed a better effect of ovulation on peritoneal metastasis. In this model, superovulation increased the number of transformed human tubal epithelial cell seedlings after intraperitoneal injection. Compared to the bursa-intact state, bursa-free ovaries were more vulnerable to external tumor seeding in either normal ovulation or superovulation state. Conclusions: This study provides the first in vivo evidence that intraperitoneal spreading of tubal HGSC cells is enhanced by ovulation. This study also demonstrated a mouse model for studying ovary-peritoneum interaction in cancer development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Che-Fang Hsu
- Center for Prevention and Therapy of Gynecological Cancers, Department of Medical Research, Hualien Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Hualien 970, Taiwan; (C.-F.H.); (V.S.); (L.-Y.W.)
| | - Vaishnavi Seenan
- Center for Prevention and Therapy of Gynecological Cancers, Department of Medical Research, Hualien Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Hualien 970, Taiwan; (C.-F.H.); (V.S.); (L.-Y.W.)
- Institute of Medical Sciences, Tzu Chi University, Hualien 970, Taiwan
| | - Liang-Yuan Wang
- Center for Prevention and Therapy of Gynecological Cancers, Department of Medical Research, Hualien Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Hualien 970, Taiwan; (C.-F.H.); (V.S.); (L.-Y.W.)
- Department of Molecular Biology and Human Genetics, Tzu Chi University, Hualien 970, Taiwan
| | - Tang-Yuan Chu
- Center for Prevention and Therapy of Gynecological Cancers, Department of Medical Research, Hualien Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Hualien 970, Taiwan; (C.-F.H.); (V.S.); (L.-Y.W.)
- Department of Molecular Biology and Human Genetics, Tzu Chi University, Hualien 970, Taiwan
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Hualien Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Hualien 970, Taiwan
- Department of Life Sciences, Tzu Chi University, Hualien 970, Taiwan
- Correspondence:
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12
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Phenotypic plasticity during metastatic colonization. Trends Cell Biol 2022; 32:854-867. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tcb.2022.03.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2022] [Revised: 03/21/2022] [Accepted: 03/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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13
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Structural Biology of the Tumor Microenvironment. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2021; 1350:91-100. [PMID: 34888845 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-83282-7_4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Cancers can be described as "rogue organs" (Balkwill FR, Capasso M, Hagemann T, J Cell Sci 125:5591-5596, 2012) because they are composed of multiple cell types and tissues. The transformed cells can recruit and alter healthy cells from surrounding tissues for their own benefit. It is these interactions that create the tumor microenvironment (TME). The TME describes the cells, factors, and extracellular matrix proteins that make up the tumor and the area around it; the biology of the TME influences tumor progression. Changes in the TME can lead to the growth and development of the tumor, the death of the tumor, or tumor metastasis. Metastasis is the process by which cancer spreads from its initial site to a different part of the body. Metastasis occurs when cancer cells enter the circulatory system or lymphatic system after they break away from a tumor. Once the cells leave, they can travel to a different part of the body and form new tumors. Therefore, understanding the TME is critical to fully understand cancer and find a way to successfully combat it. Knowledge of the TME can better inform researchers of the ability of potential therapies to reach tumor cells. It can also give researchers potential targets to kill the tumor. Instead of directly killing the cancer cells, therapies can target an aspect of the TME which could then halt tumor development or lead to tumor death. In other cases, targeting another aspect of the TME could make it easier for another therapy to kill the cancer cells, for example, using nanoparticles with collagenases to target the collagen in the surrounding environment to expose the cancer cells to drugs (Zinger A, et al, ACS Nano 13(10):11008-11021, 2019).The TME can be split simply into cells and the structural matrix. Within these groups are fibroblasts, structural proteins, immune cells, lymphocytes, bone marrow-derived inflammatory cells, blood vessels, and signaling molecules (Spill F, et al, Curr Opin Biotechnol 40:41-48, 2016; Del Prete A, et al, Curr Opin Pharmacol 35:40-47, 2017; Arneth B, Medicina (Kaunas) 56(1), 2019). From structure to providing nutrients for growth, each of these components plays a critical role in tumor maintenance. Together these components impact cancer growth, development, and resistance to therapies (Hanahan D, Coussens LM, Cancer Cell 21:309-322, 2012). In this chapter, we will describe the TME and express the importance of the cellular and structural elements of the TME.
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Dhaliwal D, Shepherd TG. Molecular and cellular mechanisms controlling integrin-mediated cell adhesion and tumor progression in ovarian cancer metastasis: a review. Clin Exp Metastasis 2021; 39:291-301. [PMID: 34822024 PMCID: PMC8971148 DOI: 10.1007/s10585-021-10136-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2021] [Accepted: 11/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) is the most lethal gynecological malignancy in the developed world. EOC metastasis is unique since malignant cells detach directly from the primary tumor site into the abdominal fluid and form multicellular aggregates, called spheroids, that possess enhanced survival mechanisms while in suspension. As such, altered cell adhesion properties are paramount to EOC metastasis with cell detachment from the primary tumor, dissemination as spheroids, and reattachment to peritoneal surfaces for secondary tumor formation. The ability for EOC cells to establish and maintain cell–cell contacts in spheroids is critical for cell survival in suspension. Integrins are a family of cell adhesion receptors that play a crucial role in cell–cell and cell-extracellular matrix interactions. These glycoprotein receptors regulate diverse functions in tumor cells and are implicated in multiple steps of cancer progression. Altered integrin expression is detected in numerous carcinomas, where they play a role in cell migration, invasion, and anchorage-independent survival. Like that observed for other carcinomas, epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) occurs during metastasis and integrins can function in this process as well. Herein, we provide a review of the evidence for integrin-mediated cell adhesion mechanisms impacting steps of EOC metastasis. Taken together, targeting integrin function may represent a potential therapeutic strategy to inhibit progression of advanced EOC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dolly Dhaliwal
- The Mary & John Knight Translational Ovarian Cancer Research Unit, Lawson Health Research Institute and London Health Sciences Centre, London, ON, Canada.,Department of Anatomy & Cell Biology, Schulich School of Medicine & Dentistry, Western University, London, ON, Canada
| | - Trevor G Shepherd
- The Mary & John Knight Translational Ovarian Cancer Research Unit, Lawson Health Research Institute and London Health Sciences Centre, London, ON, Canada. .,Department of Anatomy & Cell Biology, Schulich School of Medicine & Dentistry, Western University, London, ON, Canada. .,Department of Obstetrics & Gynaecology, Schulich School of Medicine & Dentistry, Western University, London, ON, Canada. .,Department of Oncology, Schulich School of Medicine & Dentistry, Western University, London, ON, Canada. .,London Regional Cancer Program, 790 Commissioners Rd E, Room A4-836, London, ON, N6A 4L6, Canada.
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15
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Rodenburg WS, van Buul JD. Rho GTPase signalling networks in cancer cell transendothelial migration. VASCULAR BIOLOGY 2021; 3:R77-R95. [PMID: 34738075 PMCID: PMC8558887 DOI: 10.1530/vb-21-0008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2021] [Accepted: 09/14/2021] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Rho GTPases are small signalling G-proteins that are central regulators of cytoskeleton dynamics, and thereby regulate many cellular processes, including the shape, adhesion and migration of cells. As such, Rho GTPases are also essential for the invasive behaviour of cancer cells, and thus involved in several steps of the metastatic cascade, including the extravasation of cancer cells. Extravasation, the process by which cancer cells leave the circulation by transmigrating through the endothelium that lines capillary walls, is an essential step for metastasis towards distant organs. During extravasation, Rho GTPase signalling networks not only regulate the transmigration of cancer cells but also regulate the interactions between cancer and endothelial cells and are involved in the disruption of the endothelial barrier function, ultimately allowing cancer cells to extravasate into the underlying tissue and potentially form metastases. Thus, targeting Rho GTPase signalling networks in cancer may be an effective approach to inhibit extravasation and metastasis. In this review, the complex process of cancer cell extravasation will be discussed in detail. Additionally, the roles and regulation of Rho GTPase signalling networks during cancer cell extravasation will be discussed, both from a cancer cell and endothelial cell point of view.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wessel S Rodenburg
- Molecular Cell Biology Lab at Department of Molecular Hematology, Sanquin Research and Landsteiner Laboratory, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Jaap D van Buul
- Molecular Cell Biology Lab at Department of Molecular Hematology, Sanquin Research and Landsteiner Laboratory, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.,Leeuwenhoek Centre for Advanced Microscopy, Section Molecular Cytology at Swammerdam Institute for Life Sciences at University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
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16
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Sheikh A, Md S, Kesharwani P. RGD engineered dendrimer nanotherapeutic as an emerging targeted approach in cancer therapy. J Control Release 2021; 340:221-242. [PMID: 34757195 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2021.10.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2021] [Revised: 10/24/2021] [Accepted: 10/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
A bird's eye view is now demanded in the area of cancer research to suppress the suffering of cancer patient and mediate the lack of treatment related to chemotherapy. Chemotherapy is always preferred over surgery or radiation therapy, but they never met the patient's demand of safe medication. Targeted therapy has now been in research that could hinder the unnecessary effect of drug on normal cells but could affect the tumor cells in much efficient manner. Angiogenesis is process involved in development of new blood vessel that nourishes tumor growth. Integrin receptors are over expressed on cancer cells that play vital role in angiogenesis for growth and metastasis of tumor cell. A delivery of RGD based peptide to integrin targeted site could help in its successful binding and liberation of drug in tumor vasculature. Dendrimers, in addition to its excellent pharmacokinetic properties also helps to carry targeting ligand to site of tumor by successfully conjugating with them. The aim of this review is to bring light upon the role of integrin in cancer progression, interaction of RGD to integrin receptor and more importantly the RGD-dendrimer based targeted therapy for the treatment of various cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Afsana Sheikh
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi 110062, India
| | - Shadab Md
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia; Center of Excellence for Drug Research & Pharmaceutical Industries, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Prashant Kesharwani
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi 110062, India.
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Dzobo K. Integrins Within the Tumor Microenvironment: Biological Functions, Importance for Molecular Targeting, and Cancer Therapeutics Innovation. OMICS-A JOURNAL OF INTEGRATIVE BIOLOGY 2021; 25:417-430. [PMID: 34191612 DOI: 10.1089/omi.2021.0069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Many cellular functions important for solid tumor initiation and progression are mediated by members of the integrin family, a diverse family of cell attachment receptors. With recent studies emphasizing the role of the tumor microenvironment (TME) in tumor initiation and progression, it is not surprising that considerable attention is being paid to integrins. Several integrin antagonists are under clinical trials, with many demonstrating promising activity in patients with different cancers. A deeper knowledge of the functions of integrins within the TME is still required and might lead to better inhibitors being discovered. Integrin expression is commonly dysregulated in many tumors with integrins playing key roles in signaling as well as promotion of tumor cell invasion and migration. Integrins also play a major role in adhesion of circulating tumor cells to new sites and the resulting formation of secondary tumors. Furthermore, integrins have demonstrated the ability to promoting stem cell-like properties in tumor cells as well as drug resistance. Anti-integrin therapies rely heavily on the doses or concentrations used as these determine whether the drugs act as antagonists or as integrin agonists. This expert review offers the latest synthesis in terms of the current knowledge of integrins functions within the TME and as potential molecular targets for cancer therapeutics innovation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin Dzobo
- International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (ICGEB), Cape Town Component, Cape Town, South Africa.,Division of Medical Biochemistry and Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, Department of Integrative Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
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18
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Peng X, Yu M, Chen J. Transcriptome sequencing identifies genes associated with invasion of ovarian cancer. J Int Med Res 2021; 48:300060520950912. [PMID: 32878513 PMCID: PMC7780583 DOI: 10.1177/0300060520950912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To identify key genes in ovarian cancer using transcriptome sequencing in two cell lines: MCV152 (benign ovarian epithelial tumour) and SKOV-3 (ovarian serous carcinoma). METHODS Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between SKOV-3 and MCV152 were identified. Candidate genes were assessed for enrichment in gene ontology function and Kyoto Encyclopaedia of Genes and Genomes pathway. Candidate gene expression in SKOV-3 and MCV152 cells was validated using Western blots. RESULTS A total of 2020 upregulated and 1673 downregulated DEGs between SKOV3 and MCV152 cells were identified that were significantly enriched in the cell adhesion function. Upregulated DEGs, such as angiopoietin 2 (ANGPT2), CD19 molecule (CD19), collagen type IV alpha 3 chain (COL4A3), fibroblast growth factor 18 (FGF18), integrin subunit beta 4 (ITGB4), integrin subunit beta 8 (ITGB8), laminin subunit alpha 3 (LAMA3), laminin subunit gamma 2 (LAMC2), protein phosphatase 2 regulatory subunit Bgamma (PPP2R2C) and spleen associated tyrosine kinase (SYK) were significantly involved in the extracellular matrix-receptor interaction pathway. Downregulated DEGs, such as AKT serine/threonine kinase 3 (AKT3), collagen type VI alpha 1 chain (COL6A1), colony stimulating factor 3 (CSF3), fibroblast growth factor 1 (FGF1), integrin subunit alpha 2 (ITGA2), integrin subunit alpha 11 (ITGA11), MYB proto-oncogene, transcription factor (MYB), phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase 2, mitochondrial (PCK2), placental growth factor (PGF), phosphoinositide-3-kinase adaptor protein 1 (PIK3AP1), serum/glucocorticoid regulated kinase 1 (SGK1), toll like receptor 4 (TLR4) and tumour protein p53 (TP53) were involved in PI3K-Akt signalling. Expression of these DEGs was confirmed by Western blot analyses. CONCLUSION Candidate genes enriched in cell adhesion, extracellular matrix-receptor interaction and PI3K-Akt signalling pathways were identified that may be closely associated with ovarian cancer invasion and potential targets for ovarian cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiandong Peng
- Shanghai Ji Ai Genetics and IVF Institute, Obstetrics and Gynaecology Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Min Yu
- Shanghai Ji Ai Genetics and IVF Institute, Obstetrics and Gynaecology Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jiazhou Chen
- Shanghai Ji Ai Genetics and IVF Institute, Obstetrics and Gynaecology Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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19
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Agnoletto C, Caruso C, Garofalo C. Heterogeneous Circulating Tumor Cells in Sarcoma: Implication for Clinical Practice. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13092189. [PMID: 34063272 PMCID: PMC8124844 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13092189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2021] [Revised: 04/29/2021] [Accepted: 04/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary The present review is aimed to discuss the relevance of assaying for the presence and isolation of circulating tumor cells (CTCs) in patients with sarcoma. Just a few studies have been performed to detect and enumerate viable CTCs in sarcoma and a majority of them still represent proof-of-concept studies, while more frequently tumor cells have been detected in the circulation by using the PCR-based method. Nevertheless, recent advances in technologies allowed detection of epithelial–mesenchymal transitioned CTCs from patients with mesenchymal malignancies, despite results being mostly preliminary. The possibility to identify CTCs holds a great promise for both applications of liquid biopsy in sarcoma for precision medicine, and for research purposes to pinpoint the mechanism of the metastatic process through the characterization of tumor mesenchymal cells. Coherently, clinical trials in sarcoma have been designed accordingly to detect CTCs, for diagnosis, identification of novel therapeutic targets and resistance mechanisms of systemic therapies, and patient stratification. Abstract Bone and soft tissue sarcomas (STSs) represent a group of heterogeneous rare malignant tumors of mesenchymal origin, with a poor prognosis. Due to their low incidence, only a few studies have been reported addressing circulating tumor cells (CTCs) in sarcoma, despite the well-documented relevance for applications of liquid biopsy in precision medicine. In the present review, the most recent data relative to the detection and isolation of viable and intact CTCs in these tumors will be reviewed, and the heterogeneity in CTCs will be discussed. The relevance of epithelial–mesenchymal plasticity and stemness in defining the phenotypic and functional properties of these rare cells in sarcoma will be highlighted. Of note, the existence of dynamic epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT)-related processes in sarcoma tumors has only recently been related to their clinical aggressiveness. Also, the presence of epithelial cell adhesion molecule (EpCAM)-positive CTC in sarcoma has been weakly correlated with poor outcome and disease progression, thus proving the existence of both epithelial and mesenchymal CTC in sarcoma. The advancement in technologies for capturing and enumerating all diverse CTCs phenotype originating from these mesenchymal tumors are presented, and results provide a promising basis for clinical application of CTC detection in sarcoma.
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20
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Yi FS, Zhai K, Shi HZ. Helper T cells in malignant pleural effusion. Cancer Lett 2020; 500:21-28. [PMID: 33309856 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2020.12.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2020] [Revised: 12/06/2020] [Accepted: 12/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Malignant pleural effusion (MPE) is a frequent complication of malignancies and poses a clinical problem. CD4+ T lymphocytes are the most frequent cell population in MPE. Traditionally, CD4+ T cells are classified into two subsets based on cytokine production profiles, type 1 (Th1) and type 2 (Th2) helper T cells, which exhibit distinct functions. Recently, other T-cell subsets have been added to the Th-cell "portfolio", including regulatory T, Th17, Th9, and Th22 cells. The current review focuses on summarizing the Th-cell phenotypic characteristics, mechanism of Th-cell differentiation, and their pleural space recruitment, based on recent research. We also describe the interplay in MPE among different Th cells, as well as Th cells and lung cancer cells or mesothelial cells. Future research should expand the landscape map of human MPE immune cells, explore the immuno-regulation of B cells, and investigate the communication between macrophages and Th cells in MPE, which may facilitate meaningful advancements in the diagnoses and therapeutics of MPE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng-Shuang Yi
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Beijing Institute of Respiratory Medicine and Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Kan Zhai
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Beijing Institute of Respiratory Medicine and Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Huan-Zhong Shi
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Beijing Institute of Respiratory Medicine and Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.
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21
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Estermann M, Huang YL, Septiadi D, Ritz D, Liang CY, Jacob F, Drasler B, Petri-Fink A, Heinzelmann-Schwarz V, Rothen-Rutishauser B. Patient-derived and artificial ascites have minor effects on MeT-5A mesothelial cells and do not facilitate ovarian cancer cell adhesion. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0241500. [PMID: 33270665 PMCID: PMC7714103 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0241500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2020] [Accepted: 08/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
The presence of ascites in the peritoneal cavity leads to morphological and functional changes of the peritoneal mesothelial cell layer. Cells loose cell-cell interactions, rearrange their cytoskeleton, activate the production of fibronectin, and change their cell surface morphology in a proinflammatory environment. Moreover, ovarian cancer cell adhesion has been shown to be facilitated by these changes due to increased integrin- and CD44-mediated binding sites. In this study, the biological responsiveness of the human pleural mesothelial cell line MeT-5A to patient-derived and artificial ascites was studied in vitro and adhesion of ovarian cancer cells, i.e. SKOV-3 cells, investigated. Changes were mainly observed in cells exposed to artificial ascites containing higher cytokine concentrations than patient-derived ascites. Interestingly, reduced cell-cell interactions were already observed in untreated MeT-5A cells and effects on tight junction protein expression and permeability upon exposure to ascites were minor. Ascites induced upregulation of CDC42 effector protein 2 expression, which affects stress fiber formation, however significant F-actin reorganization was not observed. Moreover, fibronectin production remained unchanged. Analysis of mesothelial cell surface characteristics showed upregulated expression of intercellular adhesion molecule 1, slightly increased hyaluronic acid secretion and decreased microvillus expression upon exposure to ascites. Nevertheless, the observed changes were not sufficient to facilitate adhesion of SKOV-3 cells on MeT-5A cell layer. This study revealed that MeT-5A cells show a reduced biological responsiveness to the presence of ascites, in contrast to published studies on primary human peritoneal mesothelial cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuela Estermann
- Adolphe Merkle Institute, University of Fribourg, Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - Yen-Lin Huang
- Department of Biomedicine, University Hospital Basel and University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Dedy Septiadi
- Adolphe Merkle Institute, University of Fribourg, Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - Danilo Ritz
- Proteomics Core Facility, Biozentrum, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Ching-Yeu Liang
- Department of Biomedicine, University Hospital Basel and University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Francis Jacob
- Department of Biomedicine, University Hospital Basel and University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Barbara Drasler
- Adolphe Merkle Institute, University of Fribourg, Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - Alke Petri-Fink
- Adolphe Merkle Institute, University of Fribourg, Fribourg, Switzerland
- Department of Chemistry, University of Fribourg, Fribourg, Switzerland
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22
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Kumar V, Gupta S, Varma K, Sachan M. MicroRNA as Biomarker in Ovarian Cancer Management: Advantages and Challenges. DNA Cell Biol 2020; 39:2103-2124. [PMID: 33156705 DOI: 10.1089/dna.2020.6024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Ovarian cancer is the most prevalent gynecological malignancy affecting women throughout the globe. Ovarian cancer has several subtypes, including epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) with a whopping incidence rate of 239,000 per year, making it the sixth most common gynecological malignancy worldwide. Despite advancement of detection and therapeutics, death rate accounts for 152,000 per annum. Several protein-based biomarkers such as CA125 and HE4 are currently being used for diagnosis, but their sensitivity and specificity for early detection of ovarian cancer are under question. MicroRNA (a small noncoding RNA molecule that participates in post-transcription regulation of gene expression) and its functional deregulation in most cancers have been discovered in the previous two decades. Studies support that miRNA deregulation has an epigenetic component as well. Aberrant miRNA expression is often correlated with the form of EOC tumor, histological grade, prognosis, and FIGO stage. In this review, we addressed epigenetic regulation of miRNAs, the latest research on miRs as a biomarker in the detection of EOC, and tailored assays to use miRNAs as a biomarker in ovarian cancer diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vivek Kumar
- Department of Biotechnology, Motilal Nehru National Institute of Technology, Allahabad, India
| | - Sameer Gupta
- Department of Surgical Oncology, King George Medical University, Lucknow, India
| | - Kachnar Varma
- Department of Pathology, Motilal Nehru Medical College, Allahabad, India
| | - Manisha Sachan
- Department of Biotechnology, Motilal Nehru National Institute of Technology, Allahabad, India
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Jakimovska M, Černe K, Verdenik I, Kobal B. High preoperative serum sVCAM-1 concentration as a predictor of early ovarian cancer recurrence. J Ovarian Res 2020; 13:107. [PMID: 32933568 PMCID: PMC7490865 DOI: 10.1186/s13048-020-00705-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2020] [Accepted: 08/13/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Marina Jakimovska
- Department of Obstetrics and Gyaecology, University Medical Centre, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Katarina Černe
- Institute of Pharmacology and Experimental Toxicology, Faculty of medicine, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Ivan Verdenik
- Department of Obstetrics and Gyaecology, University Medical Centre, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Borut Kobal
- Department of Obstetrics and Gyaecology, University Medical Centre, Ljubljana, Slovenia. .,Faculty of medicine, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia. .,Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, Faculty of medicine, University of Ljubljana, Šlajmarjeva 3, SI-1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia.
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24
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The influence of secreted factors and extracellular vesicles in ovarian cancer metastasis. EJC Suppl 2020; 15:38-48. [PMID: 33240441 PMCID: PMC7573474 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejcsup.2019.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2019] [Revised: 09/02/2019] [Accepted: 09/15/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Ovarian cancer cells mainly metastasise within the peritoneal cavity, the lethal consequence of tumour progression in this cancer type. Classically, changes in tumour cells, such as epithelial to mesenchymal transition, involve the down-regulatinon of E-cadherin, activation of extracellular proteases and integrin-mediated adhesion. However, our current understanding of ovarian tumour progression suggests the implication of both intrinsic and extrinsic factors. It has been proposed that ovarian cancer metastases are a consequence of the crosstalk between cancer cells and the tumour microenvironment by soluble factors and extracellular vesicles. Characterisation of the alterations in both the tumour cells and the surrounding microenvironment has emerged as a new research field to understand ovarian cancer metastasis. In this mini review, we will summarise the most recent findings, focusing our attention on the role of secreted factors and extracellular vesicles in ovarian cancer metastasis. During ovarian cancer metastasis, tumour cells metastasise in the mesothelium as primarily ‘soil’ for ovarian cancer ‘seeds’. Soluble factors and extracellular vesicles secreted by tumor cells are involved in the generation of the pre-metastatic niche. Cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) represent the majority of stromal cells in various types of human carcinoma, including ovarian cancer. Analysis of early metastasis to the omentum indicates that ovarian cancer cells rely on the interaction with immune cells such as macrophages. Liquid biopsy analyses in ovarian cancer may help to define novel biomarkers improving patient survival and reduce lethality.
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25
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Yan YB, Tian Q, Zhang JF, Xiang Y. Antitumor effects and molecular mechanisms of action of natural products in ovarian cancer. Oncol Lett 2020; 20:141. [PMID: 32934709 PMCID: PMC7471673 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2020.12001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2019] [Accepted: 08/03/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Ovarian cancer is a common malignancy and the second leading cause of mortality among females with genital tract cancer. At present, postoperative platinum drugs and paclitaxel-based chemotherapy is the gold standard treatment for ovarian cancer. However, patients who receive this chemotherapy often develop cumulative toxic effects and are prone to chemotherapy resistance. Therefore, it is necessary to determine more effective treatment options that would be better tolerated by patients. Recent studies have reported the therapeutic effects of numerous natural products in patients with ovarian cancer. Notably, these natural ingredients do not induce adverse effects in healthy cells and tissues, suggesting that natural products may serve as a safe alternative treatment for ovarian cancer. The antitumor effects of natural products are attributed to suppression of cell proliferation and metastasis, stimulation of autophagy, improved chemotherapy sensitivity, and induction of apoptosis. The present review focused on the antitumor effects of several natural products, including curcumin, resveratrol, ginsenosides, (-)-epigallocatechin-3-gallate and quercetin, which are increasingly being investigated as therapeutic options in ovarian cancer, and discussed the molecular mechanisms involved in cell proliferation, apoptosis, autophagy, metastasis and sensitization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun-Bo Yan
- Laboratory of Oncology, Center for Molecular Medicine, School of Basic Medicine, Health Science Center, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, Hubei 434023, P.R. China
| | - Qing Tian
- Laboratory of Oncology, Center for Molecular Medicine, School of Basic Medicine, Health Science Center, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, Hubei 434023, P.R. China.,Department of Cell Biology and Genetics, School of Basic Medicine, Health Science Center, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, Hubei 434023, P.R. China
| | - Ji-Fang Zhang
- Laboratory of Oncology, Center for Molecular Medicine, School of Basic Medicine, Health Science Center, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, Hubei 434023, P.R. China
| | - Ying Xiang
- Laboratory of Oncology, Center for Molecular Medicine, School of Basic Medicine, Health Science Center, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, Hubei 434023, P.R. China.,Department of Cell Biology and Genetics, School of Basic Medicine, Health Science Center, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, Hubei 434023, P.R. China
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26
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Yousefi M, Dehghani S, Nosrati R, Ghanei M, Salmaninejad A, Rajaie S, Hasanzadeh M, Pasdar A. Current insights into the metastasis of epithelial ovarian cancer - hopes and hurdles. Cell Oncol (Dordr) 2020; 43:515-538. [PMID: 32418122 DOI: 10.1007/s13402-020-00513-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ovarian cancer is the most lethal gynecologic cancer and the fifth leading cause of cancer-related mortality in women worldwide. Despite various attempts to improve the diagnosis and therapy of ovarian cancer patients, the survival rate for these patients is still dismal, mainly because most of them are diagnosed at a late stage. Up to 90% of ovarian cancers arise from neoplastic transformation of ovarian surface epithelial cells, and are usually referred to as epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC). Unlike most human cancers, which are disseminated through blood-borne metastatic routes, EOC has traditionally been thought to be disseminated through direct migration of ovarian tumor cells to the peritoneal cavity and omentum via peritoneal fluid. It has recently been shown, however, that EOC can also be disseminated through blood-borne metastatic routes, challenging previous thoughts about ovarian cancer metastasis. CONCLUSIONS Here, we review our current understanding of the most updated cellular and molecular mechanisms underlying EOC metastasis and discuss in more detail two main metastatic routes of EOC, i.e., transcoelomic metastasis and hematogenous metastasis. The emerging concept of blood-borne EOC metastasis has led to exploration of the significance of circulating tumor cells (CTCs) as novel and non-invasive prognostic markers in this daunting cancer. We also evaluate the role of tumor stroma, including cancer associated fibroblasts (CAFs), tumor associated macrophages (TAMs), endothelial cells, adipocytes, dendritic cells and extracellular matrix (ECM) components in EOC growth and metastasis. Lastly, we discuss therapeutic approaches for targeting EOC. Unraveling the mechanisms underlying EOC metastasis will open up avenues to the design of new therapeutic options. For instance, understanding the molecular mechanisms involved in the hematogenous metastasis of EOC, the biology of CTCs, and the detailed mechanisms through which EOC cells take advantage of stromal cells may help to find new opportunities for targeting EOC metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meysam Yousefi
- Department of Medical Genetics and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.,Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Sadegh Dehghani
- Department of Medical Biotechnology and Nanotechnology, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Rahim Nosrati
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, School of Medicine, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran.,Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Mahmoud Ghanei
- Department of Medical Genetics and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Arash Salmaninejad
- Department of Medical Genetics and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.,Halal Research Center of IRI, FDA, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sara Rajaie
- Department of Biology, Islamic Azad University, Arsanjan Branch, Arsanjan, Iran
| | - Malihe Hasanzadeh
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Alireza Pasdar
- Department of Medical Genetics and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran. .,Bioinformatics Research Group, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran. .,Division of Applied Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Aberdeen, Foresterhill, Aberdeen, UK.
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27
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Azizi M, Dianat-Moghadam H, Salehi R, Farshbaf M, Iyengar D, Sau S, Iyer AK, Valizadeh H, Mehrmohammadi M, Hamblin MR. Interactions Between Tumor Biology and Targeted Nanoplatforms for Imaging Applications. ADVANCED FUNCTIONAL MATERIALS 2020; 30:1910402. [PMID: 34093104 PMCID: PMC8174103 DOI: 10.1002/adfm.201910402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2019] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Although considerable efforts have been conducted to diagnose, improve, and treat cancer in the past few decades, existing therapeutic options are insufficient, as mortality and morbidity rates remain high. Perhaps the best hope for substantial improvement lies in early detection. Recent advances in nanotechnology are expected to increase the current understanding of tumor biology, and will allow nanomaterials to be used for targeting and imaging both in vitro and in vivo experimental models. Owing to their intrinsic physicochemical characteristics, nanostructures (NSs) are valuable tools that have received much attention in nanoimaging. Consequently, rationally designed NSs have been successfully employed in cancer imaging for targeting cancer-specific or cancer-associated molecules and pathways. This review categorizes imaging and targeting approaches according to cancer type, and also highlights some new safe approaches involving membrane-coated nanoparticles, tumor cell-derived extracellular vesicles, circulating tumor cells, cell-free DNAs, and cancer stem cells in the hope of developing more precise targeting and multifunctional nanotechnology-based imaging probes in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehdi Azizi
- Proteomics Research Centre, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz 5165665811, Iran
| | - Hassan Dianat-Moghadam
- Stem Cell Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz 5165665621, Iran
| | - Roya Salehi
- Department of Medical Nanotechnology, Faculty of Advanced Medical Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Golgasht Street, Tabriz 516615731, Iran
| | - Masoud Farshbaf
- Drug Applied Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz 6581151656, Iran
| | - Disha Iyengar
- U-BiND Systems Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48201, USA
| | - Samaresh Sau
- U-BiND Systems Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48201, USA
| | - Arun K Iyer
- U-BiND Systems Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48201, USA
| | - Hadi Valizadeh
- Department of Medical Nanotechnology, Faculty of Advanced Medical Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Golgasht Street, Tabriz 516615731, Iran
| | | | - Michael R Hamblin
- Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
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28
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PDK1 promotes ovarian cancer metastasis by modulating tumor-mesothelial adhesion, invasion, and angiogenesis via α5β1 integrin and JNK/IL-8 signaling. Oncogenesis 2020; 9:24. [PMID: 32071289 PMCID: PMC7028730 DOI: 10.1038/s41389-020-0209-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2019] [Revised: 02/04/2020] [Accepted: 02/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Ovarian cancer is the most lethal gynecological malignancies owing to the lack of definitive symptoms until development of widespread metastases. Identification of novel prognostic and therapeutic targets is therefore an urgent need to improve survival. Here, we demonstrated high expression of the mitochondrial gatekeeping enzyme, pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase 1 (PDK1), in both clinical samples and cell lines of ovarian cancer. PDK1 expression was significantly associated with metastasis, reduced chemosensitivity, and poor overall and disease-free survival, and further highlighted as an independent prognostic factor. Silencing of PDK1 retarded lactate production, ovarian cancer cell adhesion, migration, invasion, and angiogenesis, and consequently metastasis, concomitant with decreased α5β1 integrin expression. Phospho-kinase array profiling and RNA sequencing analyses further revealed reduction of JNK activation and IL-8 expression in PDK1-depleted cells. Conversely, PDK1 overexpression promoted cell adhesion via modulation of α5β1 integrins, along with cell migration, invasion, and angiogenesis through activation of JNK/IL-8 signaling. PDK1 depletion additionally hindered tumor growth and dissemination in nude mice in vivo. Importantly, PDK1 levels were upregulated upon treatment with conditioned medium from omental tissues, which in turn promoted metastasis. Our findings suggest that PDK1, which is regulated by the tumor microenvironment, controls lactate production and promotes ovarian cancer cell metastasis via modulation of α5β1 integrin and JNK/IL-8 signaling. To our knowledge, this is the first report to demonstrate an association between PDK1 and survival in patients with ovarian cancer, supporting its efficacy as a valuable prognostic marker and therapeutic molecular target for the disease.
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29
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Ong MS, Deng S, Halim CE, Cai W, Tan TZ, Huang RYJ, Sethi G, Hooi SC, Kumar AP, Yap CT. Cytoskeletal Proteins in Cancer and Intracellular Stress: A Therapeutic Perspective. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12010238. [PMID: 31963677 PMCID: PMC7017214 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12010238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2019] [Revised: 01/14/2020] [Accepted: 01/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Cytoskeletal proteins, which consist of different sub-families of proteins including microtubules, actin and intermediate filaments, are essential for survival and cellular processes in both normal as well as cancer cells. However, in cancer cells, these mechanisms can be altered to promote tumour development and progression, whereby the functions of cytoskeletal proteins are co-opted to facilitate increased migrative and invasive capabilities, proliferation, as well as resistance to cellular and environmental stresses. Herein, we discuss the cytoskeletal responses to important intracellular stresses (such as mitochondrial, endoplasmic reticulum and oxidative stresses), and delineate the consequences of these responses, including effects on oncogenic signalling. In addition, we elaborate how the cytoskeleton and its associated molecules present themselves as therapeutic targets. The potential and limitations of targeting new classes of cytoskeletal proteins are also explored, in the context of developing novel strategies that impact cancer progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mei Shan Ong
- Department of Physiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117593, Singapore; (M.S.O.); (S.D.); (C.E.H.)
| | - Shuo Deng
- Department of Physiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117593, Singapore; (M.S.O.); (S.D.); (C.E.H.)
| | - Clarissa Esmeralda Halim
- Department of Physiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117593, Singapore; (M.S.O.); (S.D.); (C.E.H.)
| | - Wanpei Cai
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117599, Singapore (T.Z.T.); (R.Y.-J.H.)
- Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117600, Singapore;
| | - Tuan Zea Tan
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117599, Singapore (T.Z.T.); (R.Y.-J.H.)
| | - Ruby Yun-Ju Huang
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117599, Singapore (T.Z.T.); (R.Y.-J.H.)
- School of Medicine, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, No. 1 Ren Ai Road Sec. 1, Taipei City 10617, Taiwan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, National University Hospital, National University Health System, Singapore 119074, Singapore
| | - Gautam Sethi
- Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117600, Singapore;
- Medical Science Cluster, Cancer Program, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117597, Singapore
- National University Cancer Institute, National University Health System, Singapore 119074, Singapore
| | - Shing Chuan Hooi
- Department of Physiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117593, Singapore; (M.S.O.); (S.D.); (C.E.H.)
- Medical Science Cluster, Cancer Program, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117597, Singapore
- Correspondence: (S.C.H.); (A.P.K.); (C.T.Y.); Tel.: +65-6516-3294 (S.C.H. & C.T.Y.); +65-6873-5456 (A.P.K.); Fax: +65-6778-8161 (S.C.H. & C.T.Y.); +65-6873-9664 (A.P.K.)
| | - Alan Prem Kumar
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117599, Singapore (T.Z.T.); (R.Y.-J.H.)
- Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117600, Singapore;
- Medical Science Cluster, Cancer Program, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117597, Singapore
- National University Cancer Institute, National University Health System, Singapore 119074, Singapore
- Correspondence: (S.C.H.); (A.P.K.); (C.T.Y.); Tel.: +65-6516-3294 (S.C.H. & C.T.Y.); +65-6873-5456 (A.P.K.); Fax: +65-6778-8161 (S.C.H. & C.T.Y.); +65-6873-9664 (A.P.K.)
| | - Celestial T. Yap
- Department of Physiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117593, Singapore; (M.S.O.); (S.D.); (C.E.H.)
- Medical Science Cluster, Cancer Program, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117597, Singapore
- National University Cancer Institute, National University Health System, Singapore 119074, Singapore
- Correspondence: (S.C.H.); (A.P.K.); (C.T.Y.); Tel.: +65-6516-3294 (S.C.H. & C.T.Y.); +65-6873-5456 (A.P.K.); Fax: +65-6778-8161 (S.C.H. & C.T.Y.); +65-6873-9664 (A.P.K.)
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30
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Ovarian Cancer Dissemination-A Cell Biologist's Perspective. Cancers (Basel) 2019; 11:cancers11121957. [PMID: 31817625 PMCID: PMC6966436 DOI: 10.3390/cancers11121957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2019] [Accepted: 12/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) comprises multiple disease states representing a variety of distinct tumors that, irrespective of tissue of origin, genetic aberrations and pathological features, share common patterns of dissemination to the peritoneal cavity. EOC peritoneal dissemination is a stepwise process that includes the formation of malignant outgrowths that detach and establish widespread peritoneal metastases through adhesion to serosal membranes. The cell biology associated with outgrowth formation, detachment, and de novo adhesion is at the nexus of diverse genetic backgrounds that characterize the disease. Development of treatment for metastatic disease will require detailed characterization of cellular processes involved in each step of EOC peritoneal dissemination. This article offers a review of the literature that relates to the current stage of knowledge about distinct steps of EOC peritoneal dissemination, with emphasis on the cell biology aspects of the process.
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31
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Rajabi M, Adeyeye M, Mousa SA. Peptide-Conjugated Nanoparticles as Targeted Anti-angiogenesis Therapeutic and Diagnostic in Cancer. Curr Med Chem 2019; 26:5664-5683. [DOI: 10.2174/0929867326666190620100800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2018] [Revised: 03/11/2019] [Accepted: 03/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
:Targeting angiogenesis in the microenvironment of a tumor can enable suppression of tumor angiogenesis and delivery of anticancer drugs into the tumor. Anti-angiogenesis targeted delivery systems utilizing passive targeting such as Enhanced Permeability and Retention (EPR) and specific receptor-mediated targeting (active targeting) should result in tumor-specific targeting. One targeted anti-angiogenesis approach uses peptides conjugated to nanoparticles, which can be loaded with anticancer agents. Anti-angiogenesis agents can suppress tumor angiogenesis and thereby affect tumor growth progression (tumor growth arrest), which may be further reduced with the targetdelivered anticancer agent. This review provides an update of tumor vascular targeting for therapeutic and diagnostic applications, with conventional or long-circulating nanoparticles decorated with peptides that target neovascularization (anti-angiogenesis) in the tumor microenvironment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehdi Rajabi
- Pharmaceutical Research Institute, Albany College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Rensselaer, NY 12144, United States
| | - Mary Adeyeye
- Department of Chemistry, University of Albany, State University of New York, Albany, NY 12222, United States
| | - Shaker A. Mousa
- Pharmaceutical Research Institute, Albany College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Rensselaer, NY 12144, United States
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32
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Łasiñska I, Mackiewicz J. Integrins as A New Target for Cancer Treatment. Anticancer Agents Med Chem 2019; 19:580-586. [DOI: 10.2174/1871520618666181119103413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2017] [Revised: 05/16/2018] [Accepted: 11/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
:Despite the great progress in the development of targeted therapies for different types of cancer utilizing monoclonal antibodies (e.g., cetuximab for colorectal cancer and head and neck cancer therapy), kinase inhibitors (e.g., sorafenib for kidney cancer and gastrointestinal stromal tumours therapy), and immunomodulatory treatments (e.g., nivolumab and pembrolizumab for melanoma therapy and lung cancer therapy), there is still a need to search for new, more effective treatments.:Integrins are responsible for intercellular adhesion and interaction with the cellular matrix. The function of integrins is related to the transduction of intracellular signals associated with adhesion, migration, cell proliferation, differentiation, and apoptosis. Molecules targeting integrins that lead to cancer cell death have been developed. The most advanced molecules studied in clinical trials are abituzumab, intetumumab and cilengitide. There are different groups of anti-integrin drugs: monoclonal antibodies (e.g., abituzumab) and other such as cilengitide, E7820 and MK-0429. These drugs have been evaluated in various cancer types. However, they have shown modest efficacy, and none of them have yet been approved for cancer treatment. Studies have shown that patient selection using biomarkers might improve the efficacy of anti-integrin cancer treatment. Many preclinical models have demonstrated promising results using integrin visualization for cancer detection and treatment efficacy monitoring; however, these strategies require further evaluation in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Izabela Łasiñska
- Department of Medical and Experimental Oncology, Heliodor Swiecicki University Hospital, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland
| | - Jacek Mackiewicz
- Department of Medical and Experimental Oncology, Heliodor Swiecicki University Hospital, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland
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33
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Sima LE, Yakubov B, Zhang S, Condello S, Grigorescu AA, Nwani NG, Chen L, Schiltz GE, Arvanitis C, Zhang ZY, Matei D. Small Molecules Target the Interaction between Tissue Transglutaminase and Fibronectin. Mol Cancer Ther 2019; 18:1057-1068. [PMID: 31015308 DOI: 10.1158/1535-7163.mct-18-1148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2018] [Revised: 12/19/2018] [Accepted: 04/12/2019] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Tissue transglutaminase (TG2) is a multifunctional protein with enzymatic, GTP-ase, and scaffold properties. TG2 interacts with fibronectin (FN) through its N-terminus domain, stabilizing integrin complexes, which regulate cell adhesion to the matrix. Through this mechanism, TG2 participates in key steps involved in metastasis in ovarian and other cancers. High-throughput screening identified several small molecule inhibitors (SMI) for the TG2/FN complex. Rational medicinal chemistry optimization of the hit compound (TG53) led to second-generation analogues (MT1-6). ELISA demonstrated that these analogues blocked TG2/FN interaction, and bio-layer interferometry (BLI) showed that the SMIs bound to TG2. The compounds also potently inhibited cancer cell adhesion to FN and decreased outside-in signaling mediated through the focal adhesion kinase. Blockade of TG2/FN interaction by the small molecules caused membrane ruffling, delaying the formation of stable focal contacts and mature adhesions points and disrupted organization of the actin cytoskeleton. In an in vivo model measuring intraperitoneal dissemination, MT4 and MT6 inhibited the adhesion of ovarian cancer cells to the peritoneum. Pretreatment with MT4 also sensitized ovarian cancer cells to paclitaxel. The data support continued optimization of the new class of SMIs that block the TG2/FN complex at the interface between cancer cells and the tumor niche.
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Affiliation(s)
- Livia Elena Sima
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Bakhtiyor Yakubov
- Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana
| | - Sheng Zhang
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology and Institute for Drug Discovery, Purdue University, Indiana
| | - Salvatore Condello
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois
| | | | - Nkechiyere G Nwani
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Lan Chen
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology and Institute for Drug Discovery, Purdue University, Indiana
| | - Gary E Schiltz
- Center for Molecular Innovation and Drug Discovery, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois
- Department of Pharmacology, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois
- Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Constandina Arvanitis
- Center for Advanced Microscopy and Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinosis
| | - Zhong-Yin Zhang
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology and Institute for Drug Discovery, Purdue University, Indiana
| | - Daniela Matei
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois.
- Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois
- Jesse Brown VA Medical Center, Chicago, Illinosis
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Zhang J, Yuan B, Zhang H, Li H. Human epithelial ovarian cancer cells expressing CD105, CD44 and CD106 surface markers exhibit increased invasive capacity and drug resistance. Oncol Lett 2019; 17:5351-5360. [PMID: 31186752 PMCID: PMC6507388 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2019.10221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2017] [Accepted: 02/14/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The high rate of mortality associated with ovarian cancer (OC) is due in part to the development of resistance to chemotherapy, which allows the resistant tumour cells to invade and metastasise. Clarifying the mechanistic basis for drug resistance may reveal novel avenues for treatment. The present study investigated the mechanism of paclitaxel (PTX) resistance in human epithelial OC by evaluating the expression of stem cell-associated cell surface markers endoglin (CD105), CD44 antigen and vascular cell adhesion molecule 1 (CD106), in association with the malignant potential of the human OC OVCAR3 cell line and its PTX-resistant derivative OC3/TAX300. The expression of CD105, CD44 and CD106 was detected by reverse transcription quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) and flow cytometry, and cell invasion was evaluated using a Transwell invasion assay. CD105, CD44 and CD106 levels were increased in OC3/TAX300 cells compared with the OVCAR3 cells, as determined by flow cytometry (P<0.01) and RT-qPCR (P<0.05). Additionally, the number of invading cells was increased in the OC3/TAX300 group compared with the OVCAR3 group (54.7±6.65 vs. 31.8±6.55; P<0.01). A western blot analysis of cell surface marker expression in 80 clinical epithelial OC tissue samples, differing in terms of sensitivity to drug treatments, disease stage and degree of differentiation, revealed that high CD105, CD44 or CD106 expression was associated with drug resistance, advanced disease stage, poor differentiation and high rate of recurrence. These data indicated that exposure to high doses of PTX enhanced the stem-like properties of OC cells, which are associated with drug resistance and invasion and lead to poor prognosis due to induced chemoresistance and/or metastasis. Therefore, CD105, CD44 and CD106 may serve as potential stem cell-associated cell surface and prognostic markers, and therapeutic targets, in OC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Zhang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Beijing Shijitan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100038, P.R. China
| | - Baozhu Yuan
- Cell Collection and Research Centre, National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, Beijing 100050, P.R. China
| | - Huidan Zhang
- Department of Gynaecology, Beijing Maternal and Child Health Hospital of Haidian District, Beijing 100080, P.R. China
| | - Hongxia Li
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Beijing Shijitan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100038, P.R. China
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35
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Jeong K, Murphy JM, Rodriguez YAR, Kim JS, Ahn EYE, Lim STS. FAK inhibition reduces metastasis of α4 integrin-expressing melanoma to lymph nodes by targeting lymphatic VCAM-1 expression. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2019; 509:1034-1040. [PMID: 30660359 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2019.01.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2018] [Accepted: 01/09/2019] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Malignant melanoma typically metastasizes to lymph nodes (LNs) as a primary or in-transit lesion before secondary metastasis occurs, and LN biopsy is a common procedure to diagnose melanoma progression. Since cancer metastasis is a complex process where various interactions between tumor cells and the stroma play key roles in establishing metastatic lesions, the exact mechanisms underlying melanoma metastasis to LNs remains unknown. It has been known that focal adhesion kinase (FAK) activity promotes the expression of proinflammatory vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1). As VCAM-1 is a major receptor for α4 integrin and plays a key role in leukocyte recruitment, we reasoned that inhibition of FAK activity may reduce VCAM-1 expression within LNs and thus reduce metastasis of α4 integrin-expressing melanoma to LNs. First, we found that a pharmacological FAK inhibitor, PF-271, blocked tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α)-mediated VCAM-1 expression on human dermal lymphatic endothelial cells (HDLECs). In vitro, PF-271 significantly decreased B16F10 melanoma adhesion to and transmigration through HDLECs compared to TNF-α treated cells. Furthermore, in vivo FAK inhibition by oral PF-271 administration reduced VCAM-1 expression in inguinal, cervical, and popliteal LNs compared to vehicle treated mice. Finally, in a footpad metastasis model, B16F10 melanoma cells were injected into the right footpad of C57BL/6 mice, and PF-271 (50 mg/kg, twice daily for 6 days) was orally administrated after 1 week of tumor transplantation. While untreated mice exhibited significant metastatic melanoma lesions in popliteal LNs, PF-271 treated mice showed only marginal melanoma metastasis. These results support the possibility that FAK inhibitors may be a novel preventative option in melanoma metastasis by blocking VCAM-1 expression in LNs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyuho Jeong
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, University of South Alabama, Mobile, AL, 36688, United States
| | - James M Murphy
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, University of South Alabama, Mobile, AL, 36688, United States
| | - Yelitza A R Rodriguez
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, University of South Alabama, Mobile, AL, 36688, United States
| | - Jun-Sub Kim
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, University of South Alabama, Mobile, AL, 36688, United States; Department of Biotechnology, Korea National University of Transportation, Chungbuk, 27909, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun-Young Erin Ahn
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, University of South Alabama, Mobile, AL, 36688, United States; Mitchell Cancer Institute, University of South Alabama, Mobile, AL, 36604, United States
| | - Ssang-Taek Steve Lim
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, University of South Alabama, Mobile, AL, 36688, United States.
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36
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Ghoneum A, Afify H, Salih Z, Kelly M, Said N. Role of tumor microenvironment in the pathobiology of ovarian cancer: Insights and therapeutic opportunities. Cancer Med 2018; 7:5047-5056. [PMID: 30133163 PMCID: PMC6198242 DOI: 10.1002/cam4.1741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2018] [Revised: 06/15/2018] [Accepted: 07/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Ovarian cancer is the fifth most common cancer affecting women and at present, stands as the most lethal gynecologic malignancy. The poor disease outcome is due to the nonspecific symptoms and the lack of effective treatment at advanced stages. Thus, it is of utmost importance to understand ovarian carcinoma through several lenses and to dissect the role that the unique peritoneal tumor microenvironment plays in ovarian cancer progression and metastasis. This review seeks to highlight several determinants of this unique tumor microenvironment, their influence on disease outcome and ongoing clinical trials targeting these determinants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alia Ghoneum
- Department of Cancer Biology, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston Salem, North Carolina
| | - Hesham Afify
- Department of Cancer Biology, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston Salem, North Carolina
| | - Ziyan Salih
- Department of Pathology, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston Salem, North Carolina
| | - Michael Kelly
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston Salem, North Carolina
| | - Neveen Said
- Department of Cancer Biology, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston Salem, North Carolina.,Department of Pathology, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston Salem, North Carolina.,Department of Urology, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston Salem, North Carolina
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37
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Nwani NG, Sima LE, Nieves-Neira W, Matei D. Targeting the Microenvironment in High Grade Serous Ovarian Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2018; 10:E266. [PMID: 30103384 PMCID: PMC6115937 DOI: 10.3390/cancers10080266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2018] [Revised: 08/03/2018] [Accepted: 08/06/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer⁻stroma interactions play a key role in cancer progression and response to standard chemotherapy. Here, we provide a summary of the mechanisms by which the major cellular components of the ovarian cancer (OC) tumor microenvironment (TME) including cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs), myeloid, immune, endothelial, and mesothelial cells potentiate cancer progression. High-grade serous ovarian cancer (HGSOC) is characterized by a pro-inflammatory and angiogenic signature. This profile is correlated with clinical outcomes and can be a target for therapy. Accumulation of malignant ascites in the peritoneal cavity allows for secreted factors to fuel paracrine and autocrine circuits that augment cancer cell proliferation and invasiveness. Adhesion of cancer cells to the mesothelial matrix promotes peritoneal tumor dissemination and represents another attractive target to prevent metastasis. The immunosuppressed tumor milieu of HGSOC is permissive for tumor growth and can be modulated therapeutically. Results of emerging preclinical and clinical trials testing TME-modulating therapeutics for the treatment of OC are highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nkechiyere G Nwani
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA.
| | - Livia E Sima
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA.
| | - Wilberto Nieves-Neira
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA.
- Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Chicago, IL 60611, USA.
| | - Daniela Matei
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA.
- Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Chicago, IL 60611, USA.
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38
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Ghoneum A, Afify H, Salih Z, Kelly M, Said N. Role of tumor microenvironment in ovarian cancer pathobiology. Oncotarget 2018; 9:22832-22849. [PMID: 29854318 PMCID: PMC5978268 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.25126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2017] [Accepted: 01/21/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Ovarian cancer is the fifth most common cancer affecting the female population and at present, stands as the most lethal gynecologic malignancy. Poor prognosis and low five-year survival rate are attributed to nonspecific symptoms and below par diagnostic criteria at early phases along with a lack of effective treatment at advanced stages. It is thus of utmost importance to understand ovarian carcinoma through several lenses including its molecular pathogenesis, epidemiology, histological subtypes, hereditary factors, diagnostic approaches and methods of treatment. Above all, it is crucial to dissect the role that the unique peritoneal tumor microenvironment plays in ovarian cancer progression and metastasis. This review seeks to highlight several important aspects of ovarian cancer pathobiology as a means to provide the necessary background to approach ovarian malignancies in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alia Ghoneum
- Department of Cancer Biology, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston Salem, NC 27157, USA
| | - Hesham Afify
- Department of Cancer Biology, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston Salem, NC 27157, USA
| | - Ziyan Salih
- Department of Cancer Pathology, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston Salem, NC 27157, USA
| | - Michael Kelly
- Department of Cancer Obstetrics and Gynecology, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston Salem, NC 27157, USA
| | - Neveen Said
- Department of Cancer Biology, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston Salem, NC 27157, USA
- Department of Cancer Pathology, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston Salem, NC 27157, USA
- Department of Cancer Urology, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston Salem, NC 27157, USA
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39
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Pastushenko I, Brisebarre A, Sifrim A, Fioramonti M, Revenco T, Boumahdi S, Van Keymeulen A, Brown D, Moers V, Lemaire S, De Clercq S, Minguijón E, Balsat C, Sokolow Y, Dubois C, De Cock F, Scozzaro S, Sopena F, Lanas A, D'Haene N, Salmon I, Marine JC, Voet T, Sotiropoulou PA, Blanpain C. Identification of the tumour transition states occurring during EMT. Nature 2018; 556:463-468. [PMID: 29670281 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-018-0040-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 923] [Impact Index Per Article: 153.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2017] [Accepted: 03/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
In cancer, the epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) is associated with tumour stemness, metastasis and resistance to therapy. It has recently been proposed that, rather than being a binary process, EMT occurs through distinct intermediate states. However, there is no direct in vivo evidence for this idea. Here we screen a large panel of cell surface markers in skin and mammary primary tumours, and identify the existence of multiple tumour subpopulations associated with different EMT stages: from epithelial to completely mesenchymal states, passing through intermediate hybrid states. Although all EMT subpopulations presented similar tumour-propagating cell capacity, they displayed differences in cellular plasticity, invasiveness and metastatic potential. Their transcriptional and epigenetic landscapes identify the underlying gene regulatory networks, transcription factors and signalling pathways that control these different EMT transition states. Finally, these tumour subpopulations are localized in different niches that differentially regulate EMT transition states.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ievgenia Pastushenko
- Laboratory of Stem Cells and Cancer, Université Libre de Buxelles, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Audrey Brisebarre
- Laboratory of Stem Cells and Cancer, Université Libre de Buxelles, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Alejandro Sifrim
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.,Sanger Institute-EBI Single-Cell Genomics Centre, Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, UK
| | - Marco Fioramonti
- Laboratory of Stem Cells and Cancer, Université Libre de Buxelles, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Tatiana Revenco
- Laboratory of Stem Cells and Cancer, Université Libre de Buxelles, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Soufiane Boumahdi
- Laboratory of Stem Cells and Cancer, Université Libre de Buxelles, Brussels, Belgium
| | | | - Daniel Brown
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.,Laboratory for Molecular Cancer Biology, VIB Center for Cancer Biology, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Virginie Moers
- Laboratory of Stem Cells and Cancer, Université Libre de Buxelles, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Sophie Lemaire
- Laboratory of Stem Cells and Cancer, Université Libre de Buxelles, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Sarah De Clercq
- Pathology Department, Erasme University Hospital, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Esmeralda Minguijón
- Pathology Department, Erasme University Hospital, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Cédric Balsat
- DIAPath, The Center for Microscopy and Molecular Imaging, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Gosselies, Belgium
| | - Youri Sokolow
- Thoracic Surgery, Erasme University Hospital, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Christine Dubois
- Laboratory of Stem Cells and Cancer, Université Libre de Buxelles, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Florian De Cock
- Laboratory of Stem Cells and Cancer, Université Libre de Buxelles, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Samuel Scozzaro
- Laboratory of Stem Cells and Cancer, Université Libre de Buxelles, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Federico Sopena
- Gastroenterology Department, Hospital Clínico Universitario "Lozano Blesa", IIS Aragon, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Angel Lanas
- CIBERehd, IIS Aragón, University of Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Nicky D'Haene
- Pathology Department, Erasme University Hospital, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Isabelle Salmon
- Pathology Department, Erasme University Hospital, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Jean-Christophe Marine
- Laboratory for Molecular Cancer Biology, VIB Center for Cancer Biology, Leuven, Belgium.,Laboratory for Molecular Cancer Biology, Department of Oncology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Thierry Voet
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.,Sanger Institute-EBI Single-Cell Genomics Centre, Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, UK
| | | | - Cédric Blanpain
- Laboratory of Stem Cells and Cancer, Université Libre de Buxelles, Brussels, Belgium. .,WELBIO, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Bruxelles, Belgium.
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40
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Diagnostic and Prognostic Biomarkers in ovarian cancer and the potential roles of cancer stem cells – An updated review. Exp Cell Res 2018; 362:1-10. [DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2017.10.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2017] [Accepted: 10/20/2017] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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41
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Weidle UH, Birzele F, Kollmorgen G, Nopora A. Potential microRNA-related Targets for Therapeutic Intervention with Ovarian Cancer Metastasis. Cancer Genomics Proteomics 2018; 15:1-15. [PMID: 29275359 PMCID: PMC5822180 DOI: 10.21873/cgp.20061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2017] [Revised: 10/09/2017] [Accepted: 10/17/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Treatment of disseminated epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) is an unmet medical need. Therefore, the identification along with preclinical and clinical validation of new targets is an issue of high importance. In this review we focus on microRNAs that mediate metastasis of EOC. We summarize up-regulated metastasis-promoting and down-regulated metastasis-suppressing microRNAs. We focus on preclinical in vitro and in vivo functions as well as their metastasis-related clinical correlations. Finally, we outline modalities for therapeutic intervention and critical issues of microRNA-based therapeutics in the context of metastatic EOC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ulrich H Weidle
- Roche Innovation Center Munich, Roche Diagnostics GmbH, Penzberg, Germany
| | - Fabian Birzele
- Roche Innovation Center Basel, F. Hofman La Roche, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Gwen Kollmorgen
- Roche Innovation Center Munich, Roche Diagnostics GmbH, Penzberg, Germany
| | - Adam Nopora
- Roche Innovation Center Munich, Roche Diagnostics GmbH, Penzberg, Germany
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42
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Coelho R, Marcos-Silva L, Ricardo S, Ponte F, Costa A, Lopes JM, David L. Peritoneal dissemination of ovarian cancer: role of MUC16-mesothelin interaction and implications for treatment. Expert Rev Anticancer Ther 2017; 18:177-186. [PMID: 29241375 DOI: 10.1080/14737140.2018.1418326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Peritoneal dissemination is a particular form of malignant progression in ovarian cancer, preceding hematogenic or lymphatic dissemination. Thus, prevention of peritoneal implantation of cancer cells is envisioned to inhibit neoplastic dissemination and therefore prolong disease remission and patient's survival. Areas covered: An extended review on the role of MUC16 (CA125) and mesothelin (MSLN), expressed in a high percentage of ovarian carcinomas, indicate that this duet is relevant for the contact between cancer cells and mesothelial cells in homotypic (cancer cell-cancer cell) and heterotypic (cancer cell-mesothelial cell) interactions. This review discusses the reasons underlying the clinical failure of immunotherapeutic strategies targeting MUC16. Clinical data on MSLN targeting agents such as antibody-based immunotoxins or antibody drug conjugates are also reviewed. The promising anti-tumor effect of CAR-T cells directed to MUC16 or MSLN is emphasized. New emerging strategies specifically disrupting the MUC16-MSLN interaction are at the forefront of this review, including TRAIL ligands bound to MSLN targeting MUC16 expressing cells and single chain monoclonal antibodies and immunoadhesins recognizing MSLN-MUC16 binding domains. Expert commentary: Based on existing evidences the authors advocate that agents targeting MUC16-MSLN may add to the therapeutic armamentarium directed to abrogate peritoneal homing of ovarian cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ricardo Coelho
- a Differentiation and Cancer Group, IPATIMUP/i3S , Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology of the University of Porto/Institute for Research and Innovation in Health of University of Porto , Porto , Portugal.,b FMUP , Faculty of Medicine of University of Porto , Porto , Portugal
| | - Lara Marcos-Silva
- a Differentiation and Cancer Group, IPATIMUP/i3S , Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology of the University of Porto/Institute for Research and Innovation in Health of University of Porto , Porto , Portugal.,c Animal Cell Technology Unit, ITQB, Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica António Xavier , Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal and iBET, Instituto de Biologia Experimental e Tecnológica , Oeiras , Portugal
| | - Sara Ricardo
- a Differentiation and Cancer Group, IPATIMUP/i3S , Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology of the University of Porto/Institute for Research and Innovation in Health of University of Porto , Porto , Portugal.,b FMUP , Faculty of Medicine of University of Porto , Porto , Portugal
| | - Filipa Ponte
- a Differentiation and Cancer Group, IPATIMUP/i3S , Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology of the University of Porto/Institute for Research and Innovation in Health of University of Porto , Porto , Portugal
| | - Antonia Costa
- b FMUP , Faculty of Medicine of University of Porto , Porto , Portugal.,d Gynecology and Obstetrics Department , Centro hospitalar de São João , Porto , Portugal.,e Monitoring and simulation of perinatal asphyxia group, INEB/i3S, Instituto de Engenharia Biomédica , Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal/Institute for Research and Innovation in Health of University of Porto , Porto , Portugal
| | - Jose Manuel Lopes
- b FMUP , Faculty of Medicine of University of Porto , Porto , Portugal.,f Pathology Department , Centro hospitalar de São João , Porto , Portugal.,g Cancer Cell Signalling and Metabolism Group, IPATIMUP/i3S , Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology of the University of Porto/Institute for Research and Innovation in Health of University of Porto , Porto , Portugal
| | - Leonor David
- a Differentiation and Cancer Group, IPATIMUP/i3S , Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology of the University of Porto/Institute for Research and Innovation in Health of University of Porto , Porto , Portugal.,b FMUP , Faculty of Medicine of University of Porto , Porto , Portugal
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43
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Clinical Significance of Positive Pelvic Washings in Uterine Papillary Serous Carcinoma Confined to an Endometrial Polyp. Int J Gynecol Pathol 2017; 35:249-55. [PMID: 26535985 DOI: 10.1097/pgp.0000000000000235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Uterine papillary serous carcinoma (UPSC) represents 10% of endometrial carcinomas. Significant number of patients initially present with extrauterine disease. The role of adjuvant treatment in low stage, especially polyp-confined UPSC is controversial. This multi-institutional study evaluated the significance of positive pelvic washing (PW) and adjuvant treatment on disease recurrence in a setting of endometrial polyp-confined UPSC. Surgical pathology files from 3 institutions were searched for cases of endometrial polyp-confined UPSC. Following histologic review, cases were clinically staged as Stage I, without myoinvasion or lymphovascular invasion. Clinicopathologic characteristics, results of PW, and type of adjuvant therapy were recorded. Statistical analysis using the Kaplan-Meier method for survival and Fisher exact test were performed. Thirty-three patients were included in the study. All patients were diagnosed with polyp-confined UPSC. The size of the polyp ranged from 0.3 to 4.3 cm. PW was positive for tumor cells in 8/33 (24%) patients. Twenty-two patients (66.6%) received some type of adjuvant treatment. Six patients (18%) developed recurrent disease. There was no significant difference in disease-free survival in the patients receiving adjuvant treatment versus not (P=0.375). However, there was significant association (P=0.0013) between positive PW and disease recurrence. Data are conflicting whether positive PW affects prognosis in low-stage endometrial carcinomas. Our study showed that in UPSC, malignant cells can be present in PW without lymphovascular invasion or myoinvasion and may have negative prognostic implication. Our data also reflect the controversies in the role of adjuvant treatment in endometrium-confined UPSC.
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44
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van Baal JOAM, van Noorden CJF, Nieuwland R, Van de Vijver KK, Sturk A, van Driel WJ, Kenter GG, Lok CAR. Development of Peritoneal Carcinomatosis in Epithelial Ovarian Cancer: A Review. J Histochem Cytochem 2017; 66:67-83. [PMID: 29164988 DOI: 10.1369/0022155417742897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) metastasizes intra-abdominally with often numerous, superficial, small-sized lesions. This so-called peritoneal carcinomatosis is difficult to treat, and peritoneal recurrences are frequently observed, leading to a poor prognosis. Underlying mechanisms of interactions between EOC and peritoneal cells are incompletely understood. This review summarizes and discusses the development of peritoneal carcinomatosis from a cell-biological perspective, focusing on characteristics of EOC and peritoneal cells. We aim to provide insight into how peritoneum facilitates tumor adhesion but limits size of lesions and depth of invasion. The development of peritoneal carcinomatosis is a multistep process that requires adaptations of EOC and peritoneal cells. Mechanisms that enable tumor adhesion and growth involve cadherin restructuring on EOC cells, integrin-mediated adhesion, and mesothelial evasion by mechanical forces driven by integrin-ligand interactions. Clinical trials targeting these mechanisms, however, showed only limited effects. Other factors that inhibit tumor growth and deep invasion are virtually unknown. Future studies are needed to elucidate the exact mechanisms that underlie the development and limited growth of peritoneal carcinomatosis. This review on development of peritoneal carcinomatosis of EOC summarizes the current knowledge and its limitations. Clarification of the stepwise process may inspire future research to investigate new treatment approaches of peritoneal carcinomatosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juliette O A M van Baal
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology, Center for Gynecologic Oncology, Netherlands Cancer Institute/Antoni van Leeuwenhoek Hospital, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Cornelis J F van Noorden
- Cancer Center Amsterdam, Department of Medical Biology, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Rienk Nieuwland
- Laboratory of Experimental Clinical Chemistry, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Koen K Van de Vijver
- Division of Diagnostic Oncology & Molecular Pathology, Netherlands Cancer Institute/Antoni van Leeuwenhoek Hospital, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Auguste Sturk
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Willemien J van Driel
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology, Center for Gynecologic Oncology, Netherlands Cancer Institute/Antoni van Leeuwenhoek Hospital, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Gemma G Kenter
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology, Center for Gynecologic Oncology, Netherlands Cancer Institute/Antoni van Leeuwenhoek Hospital, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Christianne A R Lok
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology, Center for Gynecologic Oncology, Netherlands Cancer Institute/Antoni van Leeuwenhoek Hospital, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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45
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Han J, Wysham WZ, Zhong Y, Guo H, Zhang L, Malloy KM, Dickens HK, Huh G, Lee D, Makowski L, Zhou C, Bae-Jump VL. Increased efficacy of metformin corresponds to differential metabolic effects in the ovarian tumors from obese versus lean mice. Oncotarget 2017; 8:110965-110982. [PMID: 29340030 PMCID: PMC5762298 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.20754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2017] [Accepted: 08/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity is a significant risk factor for ovarian cancer (OC) and associated with worse outcomes for this disease. We assessed the anti-tumorigenic effects of metformin in human OC cell lines and a genetically engineered mouse model of high grade serous OC under obese and lean conditions. Metformin potently inhibited growth in a dose-dependent manner in all four human OC cell lines through AMPK/mTOR pathways. Treatment with metformin resulted in G1 arrest, induction of apoptosis, reduction of invasion and decreased hTERT expression. In the K18-gT121+/-; p53fl/fl; Brca1fl/fl (KpB) mouse model, metformin inhibited tumor growth in both lean and obese mice. However, in the obese mice, metformin decreased tumor growth by 60%, whereas tumor growth was only decreased by 32% in the lean mice (p=0.003) compared to vehicle-treated mice. The ovarian tumors from obese mice had evidence of impaired mitochondrial complex 2 function and energy supplied by omega fatty acid oxidation rather than glycolysis as compared to lean mice, as assessed by metabolomic profiling. The improved efficacy of metformin in obesity corresponded with inhibition of mitochondrial complex 1 and fatty acid oxidation, and stimulation of glycolysis in only the OCs of obese versus lean mice. In conclusion, metformin had anti-tumorigenic effects in OC cell lines and the KpB OC pre-clinical mouse model, with increased efficacy in obese versus lean mice. Detected metabolic changes may underlie why ovarian tumors in obese mice have heightened susceptibility to metformin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianjun Han
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Shandong Cancer Hospital and Institute, Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, Postdoctoral Mobile Station of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, P.R. China.,Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Weiya Z Wysham
- Legacy Medical Group, Gynecologic Oncology, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Yan Zhong
- Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.,Department of Gynecologic Oncology, Linyi Cancer Hospital, Linyi, Shandong, P.R. China
| | - Hui Guo
- Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.,Department of Gynecologic Oncology, Shandong Cancer Hospital & Institute, Jinan, P.R. China
| | - Lu Zhang
- Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.,Department of Gynecologic Oncology, Shandong Cancer Hospital & Institute, Jinan, P.R. China
| | - Kim M Malloy
- Virginia Tech/Carilion Clinic, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Blacksburg, VA, USA
| | - Hallum K Dickens
- Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Gene Huh
- Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | | | - Liza Makowski
- Department of Nutrition, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.,Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Chunxiao Zhou
- Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.,Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Victoria L Bae-Jump
- Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.,Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
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46
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Zheng T, Wang A, Hu D, Wang Y. Molecular mechanisms of breast cancer metastasis by gene expression profile analysis. Mol Med Rep 2017; 16:4671-4677. [PMID: 28791367 PMCID: PMC5647040 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2017.7157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2016] [Accepted: 05/18/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Metastasis is the main cause of breast cancer‑related mortalities. The present study aimed to uncover the relevant molecular mechanisms of breast cancer metastasis and to explore potential biomarkers that may be used for prognosis. Expression profile microarray data GSE8977, which contained 22 stroma samples (15 were from normal breast and 7 were from invasive ductal carcinoma tumor samples), were obtained from the Gene Expression Omnibus database. Following data preprocessing, differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were selected based on analyses conducted using the linear models for microarray analysis package from R and Bioconductor software. The resulting data were used in subsequent function and pathway enrichment analyses, as well as protein‑protein interaction (PPI) network and subnetwork analyses. Transcription factors (TFs) and tumor‑associated genes were also identified among the DEGs. A total of 234 DEGs were identified, which were enriched in immune response, cell differentiation and cell adhesion‑related functions and pathways. Downregulated DEGs included TFs, such as the proto‑oncogene SPI1, pre‑B‑cell leukemia homeobox 3 (PBX3) and lymphoid enhancer‑binding factor 1 (LEF1), as well as tumor suppressors (TSs), such as capping actin protein, gelsolin like (CAPG) and tumor protein p53‑inducible nuclear protein 1 (TP53INP1). Upregulated DEGs also included TFs and tumor suppressors, consisting of transcription factor 7‑like 2 (TCF7L2) and pleiomorphic adenoma gene‑like 1 (PLAGL1). DEGs that were identified at the hub nodes in the PPI network and the subnetwork were epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) and spleen‑associated tyrosine kinase (SYK), respectively. Several genes crucial in the metastasis of breast cancer were identified, which may serve as potential biomarkers, many of which were associated with cell adhesion, proliferation or immune response, and may influence breast cancer metastasis by regulating these function or pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianying Zheng
- Department of Chemotherapy, Cancer Center, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, P.R. China
| | - Aijun Wang
- Department of Chemotherapy, Cancer Center, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, P.R. China
| | - Dongyan Hu
- Department of Chemotherapy, Cancer Center, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, P.R. China
| | - Yonggang Wang
- Department of Chemotherapy, Cancer Center, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, P.R. China
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Kobayashi M, Sawada K, Kimura T. Potential of Integrin Inhibitors for Treating Ovarian Cancer: A Literature Review. Cancers (Basel) 2017; 9:E83. [PMID: 28698469 PMCID: PMC5532619 DOI: 10.3390/cancers9070083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2017] [Revised: 06/30/2017] [Accepted: 07/03/2017] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Epithelial ovarian cancer is a fatal disease, with a cure rate of only 30%. Several recent studies have targeted integrins for cancer treatment. Preclinical studies have shown the effectiveness of several integrin inhibitors for blocking cancer progression, especially by blocking angiogenesis. Because the initial critical step in ovarian cancer metastasis is the attachment of cancer cells to the peritoneum or omentum and because clinical trials have provided positive results for anti-angiogenic therapy, therapies targeting integrins may be the most feasible approach for treating cancer. This review summarizes the current understanding of integrin biology in ovarian cancer metastasis and various therapeutic approaches involving integrin inhibitors. However, no integrin inhibitor has shown favorable results thus far. However, conjugates of cytotoxic agents with the triplet sequence arginine-glycine-aspartate (RGD) peptides targeting α5β1-, αvβ3-, and αvβ6-integrins may be promising integrin-targeting therapies for further clinical investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masaki Kobayashi
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-2, Yamadaoka Suita, Osaka 5650871, Japan.
| | - Kenjiro Sawada
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-2, Yamadaoka Suita, Osaka 5650871, Japan.
| | - Tadashi Kimura
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-2, Yamadaoka Suita, Osaka 5650871, Japan.
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Scalici JM, Arapovic S, Saks E, Atkins KA, Petroni G, Duska LR, Slack-Davis JK. Mesothelium expression of vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1) is associated with an unfavorable prognosis in epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC). Cancer 2017; 123:977-984. [PMID: 28263384 PMCID: PMC5341143 DOI: 10.1002/cncr.30415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2016] [Revised: 09/06/2016] [Accepted: 10/04/2016] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mesothelium vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1) expression in the metastatic epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) microenvironment is induced by tumor and mediates tumor cell invasion. VCAM-1 imaging suggests expression during treatment is an indicator of platinum resistance. Here, we assess the potential prognostic significance of mesothelium VCAM-1 expression and prospectively evaluate whether soluble VCAM-1 (sVCAM-1) is a surrogate for mesothelium expression. METHODS A retrospective review of EOC patients was performed to evaluate outcomes with mesothelium VCAM-1 expression determined by immunohistochemistry of peritoneum or omentum specimens. A prospective cohort of EOC patients was identified and followed through primary treatment. Serum for sVCAM-1 evaluation, which was performed via enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, was collected before surgery or neoadjuvant chemotherapy and at each treatment cycle. Peritoneal specimens were obtained during debulking to assess mesothelial VCAM-1 expression. RESULTS A retrospective review identified 54 advanced-stage EOC patients. Patients expressing mesothelium VCAM-1 had shortened overall survival (44 vs 79 months, P = 0.035) and progression-free survival (18 vs 67 months, P = 0.010); the median time to platinum resistance was 36 months for VCAM-1-expressing patients and not yet determined for the VCAM-1-negative group. In our prospective observational cohort, 18 EOC patients completed primary treatment; 3 were negative for mesothelium VCAM-1 expression, and sVCAM-1 did not vary between groups. CONCLUSIONS Mesothelium VCAM-1 expression is negatively associated with progression-free and overall survival in EOC. This is especially compelling in light of previous data suggesting that persistent VCAM-1 expression during treatment is an indicator of platinum resistance. Our pilot study had insufficient cases to determine whether sVCAM-1 would substitute for mesothelium expression. Cancer 2017;123:977-84. © 2016 American Cancer Society.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer M. Scalici
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Sanja Arapovic
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Erin Saks
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Kristen A. Atkins
- Department of Pathology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
- Cancer Center, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Gina Petroni
- Department of Public Health Sciences, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
- Cancer Center, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Linda R. Duska
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
- Cancer Center, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Jill K. Slack-Davis
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Cancer Biology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
- Cancer Center, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
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49
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Fan G, Zhang S, Gao Y, Greer PA, Tonks NK. HGF-independent regulation of MET and GAB1 by nonreceptor tyrosine kinase FER potentiates metastasis in ovarian cancer. Genes Dev 2017; 30:1542-57. [PMID: 27401557 PMCID: PMC4949327 DOI: 10.1101/gad.284166.116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2015] [Accepted: 06/07/2016] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
In this study, Fan et al. report a novel ligand- and autophosphorylation-independent activation of MET through the nonreceptor tyrosine kinase FER. The findings show that levels of FER were elevated in ovarian cancer cell lines and that loss of FER impaired the metastasis of ovarian cancer cells in vivo, providing new insights into signaling events that underlie metastasis in ovarian cancer cells. Ovarian cancer cells disseminate readily within the peritoneal cavity, which promotes metastasis, and are often resistant to chemotherapy. Ovarian cancer patients tend to present with advanced disease, which also limits treatment options; consequently, new therapies are required. The oncoprotein tyrosine kinase MET, which is the receptor for hepatocyte growth factor (HGF), has been implicated in ovarian tumorigenesis and has been the subject of extensive drug development efforts. Here, we report a novel ligand- and autophosphorylation-independent activation of MET through the nonreceptor tyrosine kinase feline sarcoma-related (FER). We demonstrated that the levels of FER were elevated in ovarian cancer cell lines relative to those in immortalized normal surface epithelial cells and that suppression of FER attenuated the motility and invasive properties of these cancer cells. Furthermore, loss of FER impaired the metastasis of ovarian cancer cells in vivo. Mechanistically, we demonstrated that FER phosphorylated a signaling site in MET: Tyr1349. This enhanced activation of RAC1/PAK1 and promoted a kinase-independent scaffolding function that led to recruitment and phosphorylation of GAB1 and the specific activation of the SHP2–ERK signaling pathway. Overall, this analysis provides new insights into signaling events that underlie metastasis in ovarian cancer cells, consistent with a prometastatic role of FER and highlighting its potential as a novel therapeutic target for metastatic ovarian cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaofeng Fan
- Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, New York 11724, USA
| | - Siwei Zhang
- Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, New York 11724, USA; Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York 11794, USA
| | - Yan Gao
- Department of Biomedical and Molecular Sciences, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario K7L3N6, Canada
| | - Peter A Greer
- Department of Biomedical and Molecular Sciences, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario K7L3N6, Canada
| | - Nicholas K Tonks
- Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, New York 11724, USA
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Nadeem Q, Shen Y, Warsi MF, Nasar G, Qadir MA, Alberto R. Cyclic-RGD penta-peptides cRGDyK derivatized with cyclopentadienyl complexes of technetium and rhenium as radiopharmaceutical probes. J Labelled Comp Radiopharm 2017; 60:394-400. [PMID: 28430366 DOI: 10.1002/jlcr.3515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2017] [Revised: 03/22/2017] [Accepted: 04/17/2017] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
The present study reports the syntheses of half-sandwich complexes of the type [M(η5 -C5 H4 CONH-R)(CO)3 ] (M═Re,99m Tc;R═cyclic RGD peptide (cRGDyK) for potential imaging of αv β3 integrin expression. The 99m Tc complex was prepared directly from the reaction of [99m Tc(OH2 )3 (CO)3 ]+ with cRGDyK, doubly conjugated to Thiele's acid [(C5 H5 COOH)2 ] in water. This approach extends the viability of metal-mediated retro Diels-Alder reactions for the preparation of small molecules such as linear tripeptides to a more complex cyclic peptide carrying a [(η5 -C5 H4 )99m Tc(CO)3 ] tag. The Diels-Alder product [(C5 H5 CONH-cRGDyK)2 ] was prepared from Thiele's acid via double peptide coupling. The Re-complex [Re(η5 -C5 H4 CONH-cRGDyK)(CO)3 ] was obtained by attaching [Re(η5 -C5 H4 COOH)(CO)3 ] directly to the N-terminus of cRGDyK. The identity of the 99m Tc-complex is confirmed by chromatographic comparison with the corresponding rhenium complex, fully characterized by spectroscopic techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qaisar Nadeem
- Department of Chemistry, Baghdad-ul-Jadeed Campus, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur, 63100, Pakistan
| | - Yunjun Shen
- Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, 38, 310027, Hangzhou, P. R. China
| | - Muhammad Farooq Warsi
- Department of Chemistry, Baghdad-ul-Jadeed Campus, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur, 63100, Pakistan
| | - Gulfam Nasar
- Department of Chemistry, Balochistan University of Information Technology, Engineering and Management Sciences, Quetta, Pakistan
| | | | - Roger Alberto
- Department of Chemistry, University of Zurich Winterthurerstr, 190, 8057, Zurich, Switzerland
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