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Shrivastava R, Gupta A, Mehta N, Das D, Goyal A. Dietary patterns and risk of oral and oropharyngeal cancers: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Cancer Epidemiol 2024; 93:102650. [PMID: 39226679 DOI: 10.1016/j.canep.2024.102650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2024] [Revised: 08/08/2024] [Accepted: 08/14/2024] [Indexed: 09/05/2024]
Abstract
Systematic evaluation of evidence assessing the role of dietary patterns on oral and oropharyngeal (OOP) cancer risk can provide a better understanding of their relationship. This systematic review of observational studies aimed to integrate the most recent evidence on the relationship between posteriori and priori dietary patterns and risk of development of OOP cancers. Studies were retrieved from Embase, PubMed, and Web of Science, and a total of 22 publications were included in the systematic review, of which 17 were included in the meta-analysis. Summary risk was estimated for highest versus lowest intakes of most common identified food groups and risk of OOP cancers using the random effect, generic inverse variance method. The quality of the included studies was assessed using the Newcastle-Ottawa Quality Assessment Scale (NOS) for Case-Control and Cohort studies. As per pooled analysis, consumption of healthy patterns may decrease the risk of OOP cancers by 43 %, and that of western patterns may increase this risk by 62 %. The pooling of data from ten studies analysing priori patterns and OOP cancers shows that the Mediterranean diet and diverse diet reduce the risk of such cancers, and a pro-inflammatory diet escalates the risk. On NOS, 11 studies were good in quality and 11 were moderate. Adopting a diet rich in fruits and vegetables and low intake of snacks and animal fats can potentially reduce the likelihood of developing OOP cancers. Encouraging Mediterranean diet, diverse diet and anti-inflammatory food components would be beneficial in the prevention and control of OOP cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richa Shrivastava
- Oral Health Sciences Centre, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research (PGIMER), Chandigarh 160012, India
| | - Arpit Gupta
- Oral Health Sciences Centre, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research (PGIMER), Chandigarh 160012, India
| | - Nishant Mehta
- Oral Health Sciences Centre, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research (PGIMER), Chandigarh 160012, India.
| | - Diptajit Das
- Oral Health Sciences Centre, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research (PGIMER), Chandigarh 160012, India
| | - Ashima Goyal
- Oral Health Sciences Centre, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research (PGIMER), Chandigarh 160012, India
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Augimeri G, Caparello G, Caputo I, Reda R, Testarelli L, Bonofiglio D. Mediterranean diet: a potential player in the link between oral microbiome and oral diseases. J Oral Microbiol 2024; 16:2329474. [PMID: 38510981 PMCID: PMC10953787 DOI: 10.1080/20002297.2024.2329474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2023] [Accepted: 03/05/2024] [Indexed: 03/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Background The oral microbiome is a complex and dynamic assemblage of microorganisms that colonize different sites of the oral cavity maintaining both oral and systemic health. Therefore, when its composition is altered, oral diseases occur. Among oral inflammatory pathologies, periodontal diseases affect the tissues surrounding the teeth, representing the main cause of tooth loss and one of the most important threats to the oral health. Lifestyle and eating habits influence the composition of the human oral microbiota and the development and progression of oral diseases. In this context, the Mediterranean Diet (MD) model, comprising both healthy dietary choices and lifestyle, is linked to the prevention of several metabolic and chronic-degenerative pathological processes, including oral diseases. Indeed, the MD is a plant-based diet, enriched of anti-inflammatory and antioxidant nutrients, which may induce beneficial effects against dental caries and periodontal diseases. Aim This review summarizes the role of the oral microbiome in the development of the oral diseases and the potential of MD in modulating the oral microbiome leading to implications for oral health. Conclusions The data collected highlight the need to promote the MD pattern along with the correct hygiene habits to prevent the development of oral diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppina Augimeri
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, Rende, Italy
| | - Giovanna Caparello
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, Rende, Italy
| | - Ippolito Caputo
- Department of Oral and Maxillo Facial Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Rodolfo Reda
- Department of Oral and Maxillo Facial Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Luca Testarelli
- Department of Oral and Maxillo Facial Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Daniela Bonofiglio
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, Rende, Italy
- Centro Sanitario, University of Calabria, Arcavacata di Rende, Italy
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Dietary Sources of Anthocyanins and Their Association with Metabolome Biomarkers and Cardiometabolic Risk Factors in an Observational Study. Nutrients 2023; 15:nu15051208. [PMID: 36904207 PMCID: PMC10005166 DOI: 10.3390/nu15051208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2023] [Revised: 02/24/2023] [Accepted: 02/25/2023] [Indexed: 03/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Anthocyanins (ACNs) are (poly)phenols associated with reduced cardiometabolic risk. Associations between dietary intake, microbial metabolism, and cardiometabolic health benefits of ACNs have not been fully characterized. Our aims were to study the association between ACN intake, considering its dietary sources, and plasma metabolites, and to relate them with cardiometabolic risk factors in an observational study. A total of 1351 samples from 624 participants (55% female, mean age: 45 ± 12 years old) enrolled in the DCH-NG MAX study were studied using a targeted metabolomic analysis. Twenty-four-hour dietary recalls were used to collect dietary data at baseline, six, and twelve months. ACN content of foods was calculated using Phenol Explorer and foods were categorized into food groups. The median intake of total ACNs was 1.6mg/day. Using mixed graphical models, ACNs from different foods showed specific associations with plasma metabolome biomarkers. Combining these results with censored regression analysis, metabolites associated with ACNs intake were: salsolinol sulfate, 4-methylcatechol sulfate, linoleoyl carnitine, 3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetic acid, and one valerolactone. Salsolinol sulfate and 4-methylcatechol sulfate, both related to the intake of ACNs mainly from berries, were inversely associated with visceral adipose tissue. In conclusion, plasma metabolome biomarkers of dietary ACNs depended on the dietary source and some of them, such as salsolinol sulfate and 4-methylcatechol sulfate may link berry intake with cardiometabolic health benefits.
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NAUREEN ZAKIRA, MEDORI MARIACHIARA, DHULI KRISTJANA, DONATO KEVIN, CONNELLY STEPHENTHADDEUS, BELLINATO FRANCESCO, GISONDI PAOLO, BERTELLI MATTEO. Polyphenols and Lactobacillus reuteri in oral health. JOURNAL OF PREVENTIVE MEDICINE AND HYGIENE 2022; 63:E246-E254. [PMID: 36479495 PMCID: PMC9710395 DOI: 10.15167/2421-4248/jpmh2022.63.2s3.2767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Oral health is one of the necessary preludes to the overall quality of life. Several medical procedures and therapies are available to treat oral diseases in general and periodontal diseases in particular, yet caries, periodontitis, oral cancer, and oral infections remain a global concern. Natural molecules, with their anti-oxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anti-microbic properties, are one of the main sources of oral health and dental health care, and should be supplemented to exploit their beneficial effects. A possible way to improve the intake of these molecules is adhering to a diet that is rich in fruits, vegetables, and probiotics, which has many beneficial properties and can improve overall health and wellbeing. The Mediterranean diet, in particular, provides several beneficial natural molecules, mainly because of the precious nutrients contained in its typical ingredients, mainly plant-based (olives, wine, citrus fruits, and many more). Its beneficial effects on several diseases and in increasing the overall wellbeing of the population are currently being studied by physicians. Among its nutrients, polyphenols (including, among other molecules, lignans, tannins, and flavonoids) seem to be of outmost importance: several studies showed their anticariogenic properties, as well as their effects in decreasing the incidence of non-communicable diseases. Therefore, plant-derived molecules - such as polyphenols - and probiotics - such as Lactobacillus reuteri - have shown a significant potential in treating and curing oral diseases, either alone or in combination, owing to their antioxidant and antimicrobial properties, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - KRISTJANA DHULI
- MAGI’S LAB, Rovereto (TN), Italy
- Correspondence: Kristjana Dhuli, MAGI’S LAB, Rovereto (TN), 38068, Italy; E-mail:
| | | | | | - FRANCESCO BELLINATO
- Section of Dermatology and Venereology, Department of Medicine, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - PAOLO GISONDI
- Section of Dermatology and Venereology, Department of Medicine, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - MATTEO BERTELLI
- MAGI Euregio, Bolzano, Italy
- MAGI’S LAB, Rovereto (TN), Italy
- MAGISNAT, Peachtree Corners (GA), USA
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The World of Oral Cancer and Its Risk Factors Viewed from the Aspect of MicroRNA Expression Patterns. Genes (Basel) 2022; 13:genes13040594. [PMID: 35456400 PMCID: PMC9027895 DOI: 10.3390/genes13040594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2022] [Revised: 03/17/2022] [Accepted: 03/23/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Oral cancer is one of the leading causes of death worldwide, with a reported 5-year survival rate of around 50% after treatment. Epigenetic modifications are considered to have a key role in oral carcinogenesis due to histone modifications, aberrant DNA methylation, and altered expression of miRNAs. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small non-coding RNAs that have a key role in cancer development by regulating signaling pathways involved in carcinogenesis. MiRNA deregulation identified in oral cancer has led to the idea of using them as potential biomarkers for early diagnosis, prognosis, and the development of novel therapeutic strategies. In recent years, a key role has been observed for risk factors in preventing and treating this malignancy. The purpose of this review is to summarize the recent knowledge about the altered mechanisms of oral cancer due to risk factors and the role of miRNAs in these mechanisms.
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Molecular Mechanisms of Malignant Transformation of Oral Submucous Fibrosis by Different Betel Quid Constituents-Does Fibroblast Senescence Play a Role? Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23031637. [PMID: 35163557 PMCID: PMC8836171 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23031637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2021] [Revised: 01/24/2022] [Accepted: 01/25/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Betel quid (BQ) is a package of mixed constituents that is chewed by more than 600 million people worldwide, particularly in Asia. The formulation of BQ depends on a variety of factors but typically includes areca nut, betel leaf, and slaked lime and may or may not contain tobacco. BQ chewing is strongly associated with the development of potentially malignant and malignant diseases of the mouth such as oral submucous fibrosis (OSMF) and oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC), respectively. We have shown recently that the constituents of BQ vary geographically and that the capacity to induce disease reflects the distinct chemical composition of the BQ. In this review, we examined the diverse chemical constituents of BQ and their putative role in oral carcinogenesis. Four major areca alkaloids—arecoline, arecaidine, guvacoline and guvacine—together with the polyphenols, were identified as being potentially involved in oral carcinogenesis. Further, we propose that fibroblast senescence, which is induced by certain BQ components, may be a key driver of tumour progression in OSMF and OSCC. Our study emphasizes that the characterization of the detrimental or protective effects of specific BQ ingredients may facilitate the development of targeted BQ formulations to prevent and/or treat potentially malignant oral disorders and oral cancer in BQ users.
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Ashwin K, Pattanaik AK, Howarth GS. Polyphenolic bioactives as an emerging group of nutraceuticals for promotion of gut health: A review. FOOD BIOSCI 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fbio.2021.101376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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Golovinskaia O, Wang CK. Review of Functional and Pharmacological Activities of Berries. Molecules 2021; 26:3904. [PMID: 34202412 PMCID: PMC8271923 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26133904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2021] [Revised: 06/23/2021] [Accepted: 06/23/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Functional plant-based foods (such as fruits, vegetables, and berries) can improve health, have a preventive effect, and diminish the risk of different chronic diseases during in vivo and in vitro studies. Berries contain many phytochemicals, fibers, vitamins, and minerals. The primary phytochemicals in berry fruits are phenolic compounds including flavonoids (anthocyanins, flavonols, flavones, flavanols, flavanones, and isoflavonoids), tannins, and phenolic acids. Since berries have a high concentration of polyphenols, it is possible to use them for treating various diseases pharmacologically by acting on oxidative stress and inflammation, which are often the leading causes of diabetes, neurological, cardiovascular diseases, and cancer. This review examines commonly consumed berries: blackberries, blackcurrants, blueberries, cranberries, raspberries, black raspberries, and strawberries and their polyphenols as potential medicinal foods (due to the presence of pharmacologically active compounds) in the treatment of diabetes, cardiovascular problems, and other diseases. Moreover, much attention is paid to the bioavailability of active berry components. Hence, this comprehensive review shows that berries and their bioactive compounds possess medicinal properties and have therapeutic potential. Nevertheless, future clinical trials are required to study and improve the bioavailability of berries' phenolic compounds and extend the evidence that the active compounds of berries can be used as medicinal foods against various diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Chin-Kun Wang
- School of Nutrition, Chung Shan Medical University, 110, Section 1, Jianguo North Road, Taichung 40201, Taiwan;
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Diet Quality as Measured by the Healthy Eating Index 2015 and Oral and Pharyngeal Cancer Risk. J Acad Nutr Diet 2021; 122:1677-1687.e5. [PMID: 34127426 DOI: 10.1016/j.jand.2021.04.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2019] [Revised: 04/06/2021] [Accepted: 04/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Alcohol and tobacco are the major risk factors for oral and pharyngeal cancer, but diet is likely to have a role, too. OBJECTIVE The objective was to analyze the relationship between adherence to the 2015-2020 Dietary Guidelines for Americans (DGA), as measured by the Healthy Eating Index 2015 (HEI-2015), and oral and pharyngeal cancer risk. Moreover, this work aimed to quantify the number of avoidable cases under different scenarios of increased adherence to the DGA, with the use of the potential impact fraction. This estimates the proportion of cases that would occur if the distribution of the risk factor in the population followed an alternative distribution. DESIGN A multicenter, case-control study was conducted in Italy between 1991 and 2009. Participants' usual diet for the 2 years preceding study enrolment was assessed using a food frequency questionnaire. PARTICIPANTS AND SETTING Cases were 946 patients admitted to major hospitals with incident, histologically confirmed oral and pharyngeal cancer. Controls were 2,492 patients admitted to the same hospitals for acute non neoplastic conditions. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES The adherence to the DGA was assessed using the HEI-2015 score (range = 0 to 100), based on 13 components. The outcome was oral and pharyngeal cancer. STATISTICAL ANALYSES PERFORMED Odds ratios and the corresponding 95% CIs were estimated using multiple logistic regression models adjusted for tobacco, alcohol, and other relevant covariates. The potential impact fraction was estimated under different scenarios of adherence to the DGA. RESULTS In this Italian population the HEI-2015 score ranged from 33.4 to 97.5. A higher HEI-2015 score was associated with a lower risk of oral and pharyngeal cancer, with an odds ratio of 0.70 (95% CI 0.62 to 0.79) for a 10-point increment of the score. The estimated potential impact fraction was 64.8% under the maximum achievable reduction scenario, and it ranged from 9% to 27% following other more feasible scenarios. CONCLUSIONS The HEI-2015 score was inversely related to oral and pharyngeal cancer risk in this Italian population. This analysis allowed for the estimation of the fraction of preventable cases, under different feasible scenarios. A share of 9% to 27% of avoidable cases of oral and pharyngeal cancer might be obtained across real-world scenarios of adherence to the DGA as measured by the HEI-2015 score.
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Flavonoids Induce Migration Arrest and Apoptosis in Detroit 562 Oropharynx Squamous Cell Carcinoma Cells. Processes (Basel) 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/pr9030426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite advances in the treatment of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC), the morbidity remains at a high level due to the resistance of SCC cells to chemotherapeutics. This study aimed to determine and compare the magnitude of the flavonoids’ effectiveness in activating apoptosis and migration arrest in HNSCC cells in vitro. Methods: Head and neck SCC cells of the Detroit 562 line were exposed to a range of concentrations (5–100 μM) of quercetin (Que), hesperidin (Hes) and rutin (Rut) for 24 and 48 h. The SCC cell viability and migration rate were investigated using cytotoxicity and migration inhibition assays. Muse Cell Analyzer flow cytometry was utilized to quantitatively assess the apoptosis rate of Detroit 562 cells exposed to Que, Hes and Rut. The morphology of the SCC cells was evaluated via hematoxylin-eosin staining. Results: The viability diminishment of the Detroit 562-line cells treated with Que, Hes and Rut for 48 h revealed a significant dose-dependent trend, relatively equal for three substances, whereas the most noticeable cytotoxic effect observed for Hes. Exposure to Hes and Rut exhibited a dose-dependent increased proportion of apoptotic SCC cells, at either necrosis or late apoptosis stage. Detroit 562 SCC migration rate and cells motility were halted for the 100 µM dose of Hes and Que. The comparative results elucidated that Hesperidin and Quercetin achieved a more potent reduction of Detroit 562 migration at 24 h. Conclusions: Hesperidin, rutin and quercetin are capable of inducing apoptosis and migration arrest in the Detroit 562 cell line to various extents, resulting in proapoptotic attenuating effects at different magnitudes.
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Fakhri S, Khodamorady M, Naseri M, Farzaei MH, Khan H. The ameliorating effects of anthocyanins on the cross-linked signaling pathways of cancer dysregulated metabolism. Pharmacol Res 2020; 159:104895. [PMID: 32422342 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2020.104895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2020] [Revised: 04/13/2020] [Accepted: 05/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Cancer cells underlie the dysregulated metabolism of carbohydrate, lipid and protein and thereby, employ interconnected cross-linked signaling pathways to supply adequate energy for growth and related biosynthetic procedures. In the present study, a comprehensive review of cancer metabolism and anthocyanin's effect was conducted using the existing electronic databases, including Medline, PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science, as well as related articles in the field. Such keywords as "cancer", and "cancer metabolism" in the title/abstract/keyword and all the "anthocyanins" in the whole text were used. Data were collected without time restriction until February 2020. The results indicated the involvement of several signaling pathways, including inflammatory PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway, Bax/Bcl-2/caspases as apoptosis modulators, and NF-κB/Nrf2 as oxidative stress mediators in the cancer dysregulated metabolism. Compelling studies have shown that targeting these pathways, as critical hallmarks of cancer, plays a critical role in combating cancer dysregulated metabolism. The complexity of cancer metabolism signaling pathways, along with toxicity, high costs, and resistance to conventional drugs urge the need to investigate novel multi-target agents. Increasing evidence has introduced plant-derived secondary metabolites as hopeful anticancer candidates which target multiple dysregulated cross-linked pathways of cancer metabolism. Amongst these metabolites, anthocyanins have demonstrated positive anticancer effects by targeting inflammation, oxidative stress, and apoptotic signaling pathways. The current study revealed the cross-linked signaling pathways of cancer metabolism, as well as the promising pharmacological mechanisms of anthocyanins in targeting the aforementioned signaling mediators. To overcome the pharmacokinetic limitations of anthocyanins in cancer treatment, their interactions with gut microbiota and the need to develop related nano-formulations were also considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sajad Fakhri
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Health Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah 6734667149, Iran.
| | - Minoo Khodamorady
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Razi University, Kermanshah, 67149-67346, Iran.
| | - Maryam Naseri
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Health Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah 6734667149, Iran.
| | - Mohammad Hosein Farzaei
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Health Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah 6734667149, Iran.
| | - Haroon Khan
- Department of Pharmacy, Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan, 23200, Pakistan.
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Govers C, Berkel Kasikci M, van der Sluis AA, Mes JJ. Review of the health effects of berries and their phytochemicals on the digestive and immune systems. Nutr Rev 2019; 76:29-46. [PMID: 29087531 DOI: 10.1093/nutrit/nux039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Berries are generally considered beneficial to health. This health-promoting potential has mainly been ascribed to berries' phytochemical and vitamin content, and little attention has been paid to the potential benefits of berries for the digestive tract, despite this being the first point of contact. In vivo studies that described the health effects of berries on individual parts of the digestive tract (ie, the mouth, esophagus, stomach, small and large intestine, microbiome, and immune system) were reviewed. Immune effects were included because a large part of the immune system is located in the intestine. Beneficial health effects were mainly observed for whole berry extracts, not individual berry components. These effects ranged from support of the immune system and beneficial microbiota to reduction in the number and size of premalignant and malignant lesions. These results demonstrate the potency of berries and suggest berries can serve as a strong adjuvant to established treatments or therapies for a variety of gastrointestinal and immune-related illnesses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Coen Govers
- Wageningen Food & Biobased Research, Wageningen University and Research, Bornse Weilanden, Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - Muzeyyen Berkel Kasikci
- Wageningen Food & Biobased Research, Wageningen University and Research, Bornse Weilanden, Wageningen, the Netherlands.,Department of Food Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Celal Bayar University, Manisa, Turkey
| | - Addie A van der Sluis
- Wageningen Food & Biobased Research, Wageningen University and Research, Bornse Weilanden, Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - Jurriaan J Mes
- Wageningen Food & Biobased Research, Wageningen University and Research, Bornse Weilanden, Wageningen, the Netherlands
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Galvão De Podestá OP, Peres SV, Salaroli LB, Cattafesta M, De Podestá JRV, von Zeidler SLV, de Oliveira JC, Kowalski LP, Ikeda MK, Brennan P, Curado MP. Consumption of minimally processed foods as protective factors in the genesis of squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck in Brazil. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0220067. [PMID: 31344089 PMCID: PMC6657870 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0220067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2019] [Accepted: 07/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Head and neck cancer (HNC) is the sixth most common cancer, and two-fifths of cases could be avoided by changing lifestyle and eating habits. METHODS This multicenter case-control study was conducted under the International Consortium on Head and Neck Cancer and Genetic Epidemiology, coordinated by the International Agency for Research on Cancer. This consortium evaluated associations between minimally processed food consumption and the risk of HNC in three Brazilian states. RESULTS We evaluated 1740 subjects (847 cases and 893 controls). In multiple analyses including recognized risk factors for HNC, the consumption of apples and pears was associated with reduced risks of oral cavity and laryngeal cancers; the consumption of citrus fruits and fresh tomatoes was associated with a reduced risk of oral cavity cancer; the consumption of bananas was associated with a reduced risk of oropharynx cancer; the consumption of broccoli, cabbage, and collard greens was associated with reduced risks of laryngeal and hypopharyngeal cancers; and the consumption of carrots and fresh fruits was associated with a reduced risk of hypopharyngeal cancer. CONCLUSIONS The consumption of a heathy diet rich in fruits and vegetables was associated with a reduced risk of HNC. Public policies, including government subsidies, are essential to facilitate logistical and financial access to minimally processed foods, thereby strengthening environments that promote healthy behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Stela Verzinhasse Peres
- Postgraduate Program in Sciences of Fundação Antônio Prudente, Cancer Center of A.C.Camargo, São Paulo—SP / BR
| | | | - Monica Cattafesta
- Graduate Program in Collective Health, Federal University of Espírito Santo, Vitória—ES / BR
| | | | | | | | - Luiz Paulo Kowalski
- Postgraduate Program in Sciences of Fundação Antônio Prudente, Cancer Center of A.C.Camargo, São Paulo—SP / BR
| | - Mauro Kasuo Ikeda
- Postgraduate Program in Sciences of Fundação Antônio Prudente, Cancer Center of A.C.Camargo, São Paulo—SP / BR
| | - Paul Brennan
- International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France
| | - Maria Paula Curado
- Postgraduate Program in Sciences of Fundação Antônio Prudente, Cancer Center of A.C.Camargo, São Paulo—SP / BR
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Flavan-3-ols consumption and cancer risk: A meta-analysis of epidemiologic studies. Oncotarget 2018; 7:73573-73592. [PMID: 27634884 PMCID: PMC5342000 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.12017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2016] [Accepted: 07/27/2016] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Although numerous in vitro studies and animal model data have suggested that flavan-3-ols, the most common subclass of flavonoids in the diet, may exert protective effects against cancer, epidemiologic studies have reported inconclusive results for the association between flavan-3-ols intake and cancer risk. Therefore, we conducted this meta-analysis of epidemiologic studies to investigate the preventive effects of flavan-3-ols on various types of cancers. A total of 43 epidemiologic studies, consisting of 25 case-control and 18 prospective cohort studies, were included. A significant inverse association was shown between flavan-3-ols intake and the risk of overall cancer (relative risk (RR) 0.935, 95%CI: 0.891-0.981). When cancer types were separately analyzed, a statistically significant protective effect of flavan-3-ols consumption was observed in rectal cancer (RR 0.838, 95%CI: 0.733-0.958), oropharyngeal and laryngeal cancer (RR 0.759, 95%CI: 0.581-0.993), breast (RR 0.885, 95%CI: 0.790-0.991) in case-control studies and stomach cancer in women (RR 0.633, 95%CI: 0.468-0.858). Our analysis indicates the potential benefits of flavan-3-ols in cancer prevention.
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Xiao X, Liu H, Li X. Orlistat treatment induces apoptosis and arrests cell cycle in HSC-3 oral cancer cells. Microb Pathog 2017; 112:15-19. [DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2017.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2017] [Revised: 08/31/2017] [Accepted: 09/01/2017] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Sak K. Intake of Individual Flavonoids and Risk of Carcinogenesis: Overview of Epidemiological Evidence. Nutr Cancer 2017; 69:1119-1150. [PMID: 29083244 DOI: 10.1080/01635581.2017.1367934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Several epidemiological findings have demonstrated that specific flavonoids can be responsible for reduction of the risk of certain cancer types. However, these results are still rather limited, inconclusive and controversial. Therefore, in this comprehensive review article the findings reported to date about the associations between dietary intake of individual flavonoid compounds and cancer incidence are compiled and analyzed. Also, the possible reasons for inconsistencies are brought forth and discussed. As diet is a potentially modifiable factor in our behavioral choices, further large-scale prospective studies with longer follow-up times, different populations, various doses and exposure timing as well as diverse well-controlled confounders are highly needed to confirm or disprove the current epidemiological knowledge about the role of flavonoids on cancer risk. Regarding the promising data to date, more research on bioavailability, metabolism and biological action mechanisms of these plant secondary metabolites is also encouraged.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katrin Sak
- a NGO Praeventio , Näituse 22-3, Tartu , Estonia
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17
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Sun L, Subar AF, Bosire C, Dawsey SM, Kahle LL, Zimmerman TP, Abnet CC, Heller R, Graubard BI, Cook MB, Petrick JL. Dietary Flavonoid Intake Reduces the Risk of Head and Neck but Not Esophageal or Gastric Cancer in US Men and Women. J Nutr 2017; 147:1729-1738. [PMID: 28724656 PMCID: PMC5572494 DOI: 10.3945/jn.117.251579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2017] [Revised: 04/02/2017] [Accepted: 06/14/2017] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Flavonoids are bioactive polyphenolic compounds found in fruits, vegetables, and beverages of plant origin. Previous studies have shown that flavonoid intake reduces the risk of certain cancers; however, few studies to date have examined associations of flavonoids with upper gastrointestinal cancers or used prospective cohorts.Objective: Our study examined the association between intake of flavonoids (anthocyanidins, flavan-3-ols, flavanones, flavones, flavonols, and isoflavones) and risk of head and neck, esophageal, and gastric cancers.Methods: The NIH-AARP Diet and Health Study is a prospective cohort study that consists of 469,008 participants. Over a mean 12-y follow-up, 2453 head and neck (including 1078 oral cavity, 424 pharyngeal, and 817 laryngeal), 1165 esophageal (890 adenocarcinoma and 275 squamous cell carcinoma), and 1297 gastric (625 cardia and 672 noncardia) cancer cases were identified. We used Cox proportional hazards regression models to estimate HRs and CIs for the associations between flavonoid intake assessed at study baseline and cancer outcomes. For 56 hypotheses examined, P-trend values were adjusted using the Benjamini-Hochberg (BH) procedure for false discovery rate control.Results: The highest quintile of total flavonoid intake was associated with a 24% lower risk of head and neck cancer (HR: 0.76; 95% CI: 0.66, 0.86; BH-adjusted 95% CI: 0.63, 0.91; P-trend = 0.02) compared with the lowest quintile. Notably, anthocyanidins were associated with a 28% lower risk of head and neck cancer (HR: 0.72; 95% CI: 0.62, 0.82; BH-adjusted 95% CI: 0.59, 0.87; P-trend = 0.0005), and flavanones were associated with a 22% lower risk of head and neck cancer (HR: 0.78; 95% CI: 0.68, 0.89; BH-adjusted 95% CI: 0.64, 0.94; P-trend: 0.02). No associations between flavonoid intake and risk of esophageal or gastric cancers were found.Conclusions: Our results indicate that flavonoid intake is associated with lower head and neck cancer risk. These associations suggest a protective effect of dietary flavonoids on head and neck cancer risk, and thus potential as a risk reduction strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucy Sun
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA;,Divisions of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics and
| | - Amy F Subar
- Cancer Control and Population Sciences, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Ruth Heller
- Divisions of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics and,Department of Statistics and Operations Research, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv-Yafo, Israel
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18
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Samsonowicz M, Regulska E, Kalinowska M. Hydroxyflavone metal complexes - molecular structure, antioxidant activity and biological effects. Chem Biol Interact 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2017.06.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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19
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Shivappa N, Hébert JR, Rosato V, Garavello W, Serraino D, La Vecchia C. Inflammatory potential of diet and risk of oral and pharyngeal cancer in a large case-control study from Italy. Int J Cancer 2017; 141:471-479. [PMID: 28340515 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.30711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2017] [Revised: 03/16/2017] [Accepted: 03/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Diet and inflammation have been suggested to be important risk factors for oral and pharyngeal cancer. We examined the association between dietary inflammatory index (DII™) and oral and pharyngeal cancer in a large case-control study conducted between 1992 and 2009 in Italy. This study included 946 cases with incident, histologically confirmed oral and pharyngeal cancer, and 2,492 controls hospitalized for acute non-neoplastic diseases. The DII was computed based on dietary intake assessed by a valid 78-item food frequency questionnaire and was adjusted for nonalcohol energy intake using the residual approach (E-DII™). Logistic regression models were used to estimate odds ratios (ORs), and 95% confidence intervals (CIs), adjusted for age, sex, non-alcohol energy intake, study center, year of interview, education, body mass index, tobacco smoking, and alcohol drinking. Subjects with higher DII scores (i.e., with a more pro-inflammatory diet) had a higher risk of oral and pharyngeal cancer, the OR being 1.80 (95% CI 1.36-2.38) for the highest versus the lowest DII quartile and 1.17 (95% CI 1.10-1.25) for a one-unit increase (8% of the DII range). When stratified by selected covariates, a stronger association was observed among women (ORquartile4 v.1 3.30, 95% CI 1.95-5.57). We also observed a stronger association for oral cancers and a strong combined effect of higher DII score and tobacco smoking or alcohol consumption on oral and pharyngeal cancer. These results indicate that the pro-inflammatory potential of the diet, as shown by higher DII scores, is associated with higher odds of oral and pharyngeal cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nitin Shivappa
- Cancer Prevention and Control Program, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC.,Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC.,Connecting Health Innovations LLC, Columbia, SC
| | - James R Hébert
- Cancer Prevention and Control Program, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC.,Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC.,Connecting Health Innovations LLC, Columbia, SC.,Department of Family and Preventive Medicine, University of South Carolina School of Medicine, Columbia, SC
| | - Valentina Rosato
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, University of Milan, Milan, Italy.,Unit of Medical Statistics, Biometry and Bioinformatics, National Cancer Institute, IRCCS Foundation, Milan, Italy
| | - Werner Garavello
- Department of Surgery and Translational Medicine, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan, Italy
| | - Diego Serraino
- Unit of Cancer Epidemiology, CRO Aviano National Cancer Institute, Aviano, (PN), Italy
| | - Carlo La Vecchia
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
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20
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Samsonowicz M, Regulska E. Spectroscopic study of molecular structure, antioxidant activity and biological effects of metal hydroxyflavonol complexes. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2017; 173:757-771. [PMID: 27792987 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2016.10.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2016] [Revised: 10/11/2016] [Accepted: 10/18/2016] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Flavonols with varied hydroxyl substitution can act as strong antioxidants. Thanks to their ability to chelate metals as well as to donate hydrogen atoms they have capacity to scavenge free radicals. Their metal complexes are often more active in comparison with free ligands. They exhibit interesting biological properties, e.g. anticancer, antiphlogistic and antibacterial. The relationship between molecular structure and their biological properties was intensively studied using spectroscopic methods (UV-Vis, IR, Raman, NMR, ESI-MS). The aim of this paper is review on spectroscopic analyses of molecular structure and biological activity of hydroxyflavonol metal complexes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariola Samsonowicz
- Bialystok University of Technology, Division of Chemistry, Wiejska 45E, 15-351 Bialystok, Poland.
| | - Ewa Regulska
- Bialystok University of Technology, Division of Chemistry, Wiejska 45E, 15-351 Bialystok, Poland
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21
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Dziedzic A, Kubina R, Kabała-Dzik A, Tanasiewicz M. Induction of Cell Cycle Arrest and Apoptotic Response of Head and Neck Squamous Carcinoma Cells (Detroit 562) by Caffeic Acid and Caffeic Acid Phenethyl Ester Derivative. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE : ECAM 2017; 2017:6793456. [PMID: 28167973 PMCID: PMC5266843 DOI: 10.1155/2017/6793456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2016] [Accepted: 12/19/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Natural polyphenols have been observed to possess antiproliferative properties. The effects, including apoptotic potential of bioactive phenolic compounds, caffeic acid (CA) and its derivative caffeic acid phenethyl ester (CAPE), on cell proliferation and apoptosis in human head and neck squamous carcinoma cells (HNSCC) line (Detroit 562) were investigated and compared. Cancer cells apoptosis rates and cell cycle arrests were analysed by flow cytometry. Exposure to CA and CAPE was found to result in a dose-dependent decrease in the viability of Detroit 562 cells at different levels. CA/CAPE treatment did significantly affect the viability of Detroit 562 cells (MTT results). CAPE-mediated loss of viability occurred at lower doses and was more pronounced, with the concentrations which inhibit the growth of cells by 50% estimated at 201.43 μM (CA) and 83.25 μM (CAPE). Dead Cell Assay with Annexin V labelling demonstrated that CA and CAPE treatment of Detroit 562 cells resulted in an induction of apoptosis at 50 μM and 100 μM doses. The rise of mainly late apoptosis was observed for 100 μM dose and CA/CAPE treatment did affect the distribution of cells in G0/G1 phase. A combination of different phenolic compounds, potentially with chemotherapeutics, could be considered as an anticancer drug.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arkadiusz Dziedzic
- Department of Conservative Dentistry with Endodontics, School of Medicine with the Division of Dentistry, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, Pl. Akademicki 17, 41-902 Bytom, Poland
| | - Robert Kubina
- Department of Pathology, School of Pharmacy and Division of Laboratory Medicine in Sosnowiec, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, ul. Ostrogórska 30, 41-200 Sosnowiec, Poland
| | - Agata Kabała-Dzik
- Department of Pathology, School of Pharmacy and Division of Laboratory Medicine in Sosnowiec, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, ul. Ostrogórska 30, 41-200 Sosnowiec, Poland
| | - Marta Tanasiewicz
- Department of Conservative Dentistry with Endodontics, School of Medicine with the Division of Dentistry, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, Pl. Akademicki 17, 41-902 Bytom, Poland
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22
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Bravi F, Polesel J, Garavello W, Serraino D, Negri E, Franchin G, La Vecchia C, Bosetti C. Adherence to the World Cancer Research Fund/American Institute for Cancer Research recommendations and head and neck cancers risk. Oral Oncol 2016; 64:59-64. [PMID: 28024725 DOI: 10.1016/j.oraloncology.2016.11.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2016] [Revised: 09/26/2016] [Accepted: 11/24/2016] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The World Cancer Research Fund (WCRF) and the American Institute for Cancer Research (AICR) have proposed eight recommendations for cancer prevention, related to body fatness, diet, and physical activity. Our aim is to evaluate the role of adherence to these recommendations on head and neck cancers risk. MATERIALS AND METHODS We obtained an overall score including seven of the WCRF/AICR recommendations, and examined its relationship with head and neck cancers risk in two Italian case-control studies including 946 patients with oral cavity and pharyngeal (OCP) cancer and 2492 controls, and 689 patients with laryngeal cancer and 1605 controls. RESULTS Higher adherence to WCRF/AICR recommendations was associated to a reduced risk of OCP cancer (odds ratio, OR=0.45, 95% confidence interval, CI: 0.33-0.62 for a score of 4-<5, and OR=0.32, 95% CI: 0.22-0.49 for a score of ⩾5 as compared to <3). The ORs for laryngeal cancer were 0.68 (95% CI: 0.50-0.92) for a score of 3-<4, 0.39 (95% CI: 0.28-0.55) for a score of 4-<5, and 0.24 (95% CI: 0.15-0.38) for a score of ⩾5. CONCLUSION Our study indicates that high adherence to the WCRF/AICR recommendations for cancer prevention is associated with a substantially decreased risk of head and neck cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Bravi
- Dipartimento di Epidemiologia, IRCCS - Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche "Mario Negri", via G. La Masa 19, 20156 Milan, Italy.
| | - Jerry Polesel
- S.O.C. Epidemiologia Oncologica, CRO Aviano National Cancer Institute, via F. Gallini 2, 33081 Aviano (PN), Italy
| | - Werner Garavello
- Clinica Otorinolaringoiatrica, Dipartimento di Medicina e Chirurgia, Università degli Studi di Milano-Bicocca, via Cadore 48, 20052 Monza, Italy
| | - Diego Serraino
- S.O.C. Epidemiologia Oncologica, CRO Aviano National Cancer Institute, via F. Gallini 2, 33081 Aviano (PN), Italy
| | - Eva Negri
- Dipartimento di Epidemiologia, IRCCS - Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche "Mario Negri", via G. La Masa 19, 20156 Milan, Italy
| | - Gianni Franchin
- S.O.C. Oncologia Radioterapica, CRO Aviano National Cancer Institute, via F. Gallini 2, 33081 Aviano (PN), Italy
| | - Carlo La Vecchia
- Dipartimento di Scienze Cliniche e di Comunità, Università degli Studi di Milano, via A. Vanzetti 5, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Cristina Bosetti
- Dipartimento di Epidemiologia, IRCCS - Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche "Mario Negri", via G. La Masa 19, 20156 Milan, Italy
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23
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Smeriglio A, Barreca D, Bellocco E, Trombetta D. Chemistry, Pharmacology and Health Benefits of Anthocyanins. Phytother Res 2016; 30:1265-86. [DOI: 10.1002/ptr.5642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 211] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2016] [Revised: 04/18/2016] [Accepted: 04/19/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Antonella Smeriglio
- University of Messina; Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences; Viale F. Stagno d'Alcontres 31 98166 Messina Italy
| | - Davide Barreca
- University of Messina; Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences; Viale F. Stagno d'Alcontres 31 98166 Messina Italy
| | - Ersilia Bellocco
- University of Messina; Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences; Viale F. Stagno d'Alcontres 31 98166 Messina Italy
| | - Domenico Trombetta
- University of Messina; Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences; Viale F. Stagno d'Alcontres 31 98166 Messina Italy
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24
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Sebastian RS, Wilkinson Enns C, Goldman JD, Martin CL, Steinfeldt LC, Murayi T, Moshfegh AJ. A New Database Facilitates Characterization of Flavonoid Intake, Sources, and Positive Associations with Diet Quality among US Adults. J Nutr 2015; 145:1239-48. [PMID: 25948787 PMCID: PMC4442120 DOI: 10.3945/jn.115.213025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2015] [Accepted: 04/07/2015] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Epidemiologic studies demonstrate inverse associations between flavonoid intake and chronic disease risk. However, lack of comprehensive databases of the flavonoid content of foods has hindered efforts to fully characterize population intakes and determine associations with diet quality. OBJECTIVES Using a newly released database of flavonoid values, this study sought to describe intake and sources of total flavonoids and 6 flavonoid classes and identify associations between flavonoid intake and the Healthy Eating Index (HEI) 2010. METHODS One day of 24-h dietary recall data from adults aged ≥ 20 y (n = 5420) collected in What We Eat in America (WWEIA), NHANES 2007-2008, were analyzed. Flavonoid intakes were calculated using the USDA Flavonoid Values for Survey Foods and Beverages 2007-2008. Regression analyses were conducted to provide adjusted estimates of flavonoid intake, and linear trends in total and component HEI scores by flavonoid intake were assessed using orthogonal polynomial contrasts. All analyses were weighted to be nationally representative. RESULTS Mean intake of flavonoids was 251 mg/d, with flavan-3-ols accounting for 81% of intake. Non-Hispanic whites had significantly higher (P < 0.001) intakes of total flavonoids (275 mg/d) than non-Hispanic blacks (176 mg/d) and Hispanics (139 mg/d). Tea was the primary source (80%) of flavonoid intake. Regardless of whether the flavonoid contribution of tea was included, total HEI score and component scores for total fruit, whole fruit, total vegetables, greens and beans, seafood and plant proteins, refined grains, and empty calories increased (P < 0.001) across flavonoid intake quartiles. CONCLUSIONS A new database that permits comprehensive estimation of flavonoid intakes in WWEIA, NHANES 2007-2008; identification of their major food/beverage sources; and determination of associations with dietary quality will lead to advances in research on relations between flavonoid intake and health. Findings suggest that diet quality, as measured by HEI, is positively associated with flavonoid intake.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rhonda S Sebastian
- Food Surveys Research Group, Beltsville Human Nutrition Research Center, Agricultural Research Service, USDA, Beltsville, MD
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25
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Masuelli L, Stefano ED, Fantini M, Mattera R, Benvenuto M, Marzocchella L, Sacchetti P, Focaccetti C, Bernardini R, Tresoldi I, Izzi V, Mattei M, Frajese GV, Lista F, Modesti A, Bei R. Resveratrol potentiates the in vitro and in vivo anti-tumoral effects of curcumin in head and neck carcinomas. Oncotarget 2014; 5:10745-62. [PMID: 25296980 PMCID: PMC4279407 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.2534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2014] [Accepted: 09/25/2014] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The survival rate of head and neck squamous cell carcinomas (HNSCC) patients has not considerably changed over the last two decades. Polyphenols inhibit the growth of cancer cells. We determined whether the combination of Resveratrol (RES) and Curcumin (CUR) enhanced their in vitro and in vivo antitumor activities on HNSCC cell lines compared to the single compounds. We provide evidence that RES potentiated the apoptotic effect and reduced the IC50 of CUR on HNSCC cell lines. The model of compounds interaction indicated the onset of an additive effect of the two compounds compared to the single treatment after decrease of their concentrations. RES+CUR compared to CUR increased the PARP-1 cleavage, the Bax/Bcl-2 ratio, the inhibition of ERK1 and ERK2 phosphorylation, and the expression of LC3 II simultaneously with the formation of autophagic vacuoles. RES and CUR induced cytoplasmic NF-κB accumulation. RES+CUR administrations were safe in BALB/c mice and reduced the growth of transplanted salivary gland cancer cells (SALTO) more efficiently than CUR. Overall, combinations of CUR and RES was more effective in inhibiting in vivo and in vitro cancer growth than the treatment with CUR. Additional studies will be needed to define the therapeutic potential of these compounds in combination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Masuelli
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Rome “Sapienza”, Rome, Italy
| | - Enrica Di Stefano
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Rome “Sapienza”, Rome, Italy
| | - Massimo Fantini
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Translational Medicine, University of Rome “Tor Vergata”, Rome, Italy
| | - Rosanna Mattera
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Rome “Sapienza”, Rome, Italy
| | - Monica Benvenuto
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Translational Medicine, University of Rome “Tor Vergata”, Rome, Italy
| | - Laura Marzocchella
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Translational Medicine, University of Rome “Tor Vergata”, Rome, Italy
| | - Pamela Sacchetti
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Rome “Sapienza”, Rome, Italy
| | | | | | - Ilaria Tresoldi
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Translational Medicine, University of Rome “Tor Vergata”, Rome, Italy
| | - Valerio Izzi
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Translational Medicine, University of Rome “Tor Vergata”, Rome, Italy
| | | | | | - Florigio Lista
- Centro Studi e Ricerche Sanità e Veterinaria Esercito, Rome, Italy
| | - Andrea Modesti
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Translational Medicine, University of Rome “Tor Vergata”, Rome, Italy
| | - Roberto Bei
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Translational Medicine, University of Rome “Tor Vergata”, Rome, Italy
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26
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Filomeno M, Bosetti C, Garavello W, Levi F, Galeone C, Negri E, La Vecchia C. The role of a Mediterranean diet on the risk of oral and pharyngeal cancer. Br J Cancer 2014; 111:981-6. [PMID: 24937666 PMCID: PMC4150263 DOI: 10.1038/bjc.2014.329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2014] [Revised: 05/13/2014] [Accepted: 05/14/2014] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The Mediterranean diet has a beneficial role on various neoplasms, but data are scanty on oral cavity and pharyngeal (OCP) cancer. METHODS We analysed data from a case-control study carried out between 1997 and 2009 in Italy and Switzerland, including 768 incident, histologically confirmed OCP cancer cases and 2078 hospital controls. Adherence to the Mediterranean diet was measured using the Mediterranean Diet Score (MDS) based on the major characteristics of the Mediterranean diet, and two other scores, the Mediterranean Dietary Pattern Adherence Index (MDP) and the Mediterranean Adequacy Index (MAI). RESULTS We estimated the odds ratios (ORs), and the corresponding 95% confidence intervals (CI), for increasing levels of the scores (i.e., increasing adherence) using multiple logistic regression models. We found a reduced risk of OCP cancer for increasing levels of the MDS, the ORs for subjects with six or more MDS components compared with two or less being 0.20 (95% CI 0.14-0.28, P-value for trend <0.0001). The ORs for the highest vs the lowest quintile were 0.20 (95% CI 0.14-0.28) for the MDP score (score 66.2 or more vs less than 57.9), and 0.48 (95% CI 0.33-0.69) for the MAI score (score value 2.1 or more vs value less 0.92), with significant trends of decreasing risk for both scores. The favourable effect of the Mediterranean diet was apparently stronger in younger subjects, in those with a higher level of education, and in ex-smokers, although it was observed in other strata as well. CONCLUSIONS Our study provides strong evidence of a beneficial role of the Mediterranean diet on OCP cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Filomeno
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - C Bosetti
- Department of Epidemiology, IRCCS—Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche ‘Mario Negri', Milan, Italy
| | - W Garavello
- Department of Surgery and Translational Medicine, Clinica Otorinolaringoiatrica, Università degli Studi di Milano Bicocca, Milan, Italy
| | - F Levi
- Cancer Epidemiology Unit, Institute of Social and Preventive Medicine (IUMSP), Lausanne University Hospital, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - C Galeone
- Department of Epidemiology, IRCCS—Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche ‘Mario Negri', Milan, Italy
| | - E Negri
- Department of Epidemiology, IRCCS—Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche ‘Mario Negri', Milan, Italy
| | - C La Vecchia
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
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27
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Varoni E, Iriti M. Odontoiatria e nutraceutica: applicazioni cliniche. DENTAL CADMOS 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/s0011-8524(14)70161-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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28
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Batra P, Sharma AK. Anti-cancer potential of flavonoids: recent trends and future perspectives. 3 Biotech 2013; 3:439-459. [PMID: 28324424 PMCID: PMC3824783 DOI: 10.1007/s13205-013-0117-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 241] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2012] [Accepted: 01/15/2013] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer is a major public health concern in both developed and developing countries. Several plant-derived anti-cancer agents including taxol, vinblastine, vincristine, the campothecin derivatives, topotecan, irinotecan and etoposide are in clinical use all over the world. Other promising anti-cancer agents include flavopiridol, roscovitine, combretastatin A-4, betulinic acid and silvestrol. From this list one can well imagine the predominance of polyphenols, flavonoids and their synthetic analogs in the treatment of ovarian, breast, cervical, pancreatic and prostate cancer. Flavonoids present in human diet comprise many polyphenolic secondary metabolites with broad-spectrum pharmacological activities including their potential role as anti-cancer agents. A positive correlation between flavonoids-rich diet (from vegetables and fruits) and lower risk of colon, prostate and breast cancers lead to a question that whether flavonoids mediate the protective effects as chemopreventive agents or can interact with different genes and proteins to play role in chemotherapy. The current review emphasizes onto the therapeutic potential of flavonoids and their synthetic analogs as anti-cancer agents by providing new insights into the factors, regulation and molecular mechanisms along with their significant protein interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priya Batra
- Department of Biotechnology, MMEC, Maharishi Markandeshwar University, Mullana, Ambala, Haryana, 133207, India
| | - Anil K Sharma
- Department of Biotechnology, MMEC, Maharishi Markandeshwar University, Mullana, Ambala, Haryana, 133207, India.
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29
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Woo HD, Kim J. Dietary flavonoid intake and smoking-related cancer risk: a meta-analysis. PLoS One 2013; 8:e75604. [PMID: 24069431 PMCID: PMC3777962 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0075604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2013] [Accepted: 08/15/2013] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose To systematically investigate the effects of dietary flavonoids and flavonoid subclasses on the risk of smoking-related cancer in observational studies. Methods Summary estimates and corresponding standard errors were calculated using the multivariate-adjusted odds ratio (OR) or relative risk (RR) and 95% CI of selected studies and weighted by the inverse variance. Results A total of 35 studies, including 19 case-controls (9,525 cases and 15,835 controls) and 15 cohort studies (988,082 subjects and 8,161 cases), were retrieved for the meta-analysis. Total dietary flavonoids and most of the flavonoid subclasses were inversely associated with smoking-related cancer risk (OR: 0.82, 95% CI: 0.72-0.93). In subgroup analyses by cancer site, significant associations were observed in aerodigestive tract and lung cancers. Total dietary flavonoid intake was significantly associated with aerodigestive tract cancer risk (OR: 0.67, 95% CI: 0.54-0.83) marginally associated with lung cancer risk (OR: 0.84, 95% CI: 0.71-1.00). Subgroup analyses by smoking status showed significantly different results. The intake of total flavonoids, flavonols, flavones, and flavanones, as well as the flavonols quercetin and kaempferol was significantly associated with decreased risk of smoking-related cancer in smokers, whereas no association was observed in non-smokers, except for flavanones. In meta-analysis for the effect of subclasses of dietary flavonoids by cancer type, aerodigestive tract cancer was inversely associated with most flavonoid subclasses. Conclusion The protective effects of flavonoids on smoking-related cancer risk varied across studies, but the overall results indicated that intake of dietary flavonoids, especially flavonols, was inversely associated with smoking-related cancer risk. The protective effects of flavonoids on smoking-related cancer risk were more prominent in smokers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hae Dong Woo
- Molecular Epidemiology Branch, National Cancer Centre, Goyang-si, Korea
| | - Jeongseon Kim
- Molecular Epidemiology Branch, National Cancer Centre, Goyang-si, Korea
- * E-mail:
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Pojer E, Mattivi F, Johnson D, Stockley CS. The Case for Anthocyanin Consumption to Promote Human Health: A Review. Compr Rev Food Sci Food Saf 2013; 12:483-508. [DOI: 10.1111/1541-4337.12024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 376] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2013] [Accepted: 05/13/2013] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Elisa Pojer
- Dept. of Food Quality and Nutrition; Research and Innovation Centre, Fondazione Edmund Mach; Via E. Mach 1; 38010 San Michele all'Adige; Italy
| | - Fulvio Mattivi
- Dept. of Food Quality and Nutrition; Research and Innovation Centre, Fondazione Edmund Mach; Via E. Mach 1; 38010 San Michele all'Adige; Italy
| | - Dan Johnson
- The Australian Wine Research Inst.; P. O. Box 197; Glen Osmond; SA 5064; Australia
| | - Creina S. Stockley
- The Australian Wine Research Inst.; P. O. Box 197; Glen Osmond; SA 5064; Australia
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Maggioni D, Garavello W, Rigolio R, Pignataro L, Gaini R, Nicolini G. Apigenin impairs oral squamous cell carcinoma growth in vitro inducing cell cycle arrest and apoptosis. Int J Oncol 2013; 43:1675-82. [PMID: 23969487 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2013.2072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2013] [Accepted: 06/21/2013] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
In the present study, we investigated the effect of apigenin, a flavonoid widely present in fruits and vegetables, on a tongue oral cancer-derived cell line (SCC-25) and on a keratinocyte cell line (HaCaT), with the aim of unveiling its antiproliferative mechanisms. The effect of apigenin on cell growth was evaluated by MTT assay, while apoptosis was investigated by phosphatidyl serine membrane translocation and cell cycle distribution by propidium iodide DNA staining through flow cytometry. In addition the expression of cyclins and cyclin-dependent kinases was evaluated by western blotting. A reduction of apigenin-induced cell growth was found in both cell lines, although SCC-25 cells were significantly more sensitive than the immortalized keratinocytes, HaCaT. Moreover, apigenin induced apoptosis and modulated the cell cycle in SCC-25 cells. Apigenin treatment resulted in cell cycle arrest at both G0/G1 and G2/M checkpoints, while western blot analysis revealed the decreased expression of cyclin D1 and E, and inactivation of CDK1 upon apigenin treatment. These results demonstrate the anticancer potential of apigenin in an oral squamous cell carcinoma cell line, suggesting that it may be a very promising chemopreventive agent due to its cancer cell cytotoxic activity and its ability to act as a cell cycle modulating agent at multiple levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniele Maggioni
- Department of Surgery and Translational Medicine, University of Milan-Bicocca, I-20900 Monza, Italy
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Effects of red wine intake on human salivary antiradical capacity and total polyphenol content. Food Chem Toxicol 2013; 58:289-94. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2013.04.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2013] [Revised: 04/23/2013] [Accepted: 04/25/2013] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Liu Z, Liu Y, Pu Z, Wang J, Zheng Y, Li Y, Wei Y. Regulation, evolution, and functionality of flavonoids in cereal crops. Biotechnol Lett 2013; 35:1765-80. [PMID: 23881316 DOI: 10.1007/s10529-013-1277-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2013] [Accepted: 06/21/2013] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Flavonoids are plant secondary metabolites that contribute to the adaptation of plants to environmental stresses, including resistance to abiotic and biotic stress. Flavonoids are also beneficial for human health and depress the progression of some chronic diseases. The biosynthesis of flavonoids, which belong to a large family of phenolic compounds, is a complex metabolic process with many pathways that produce different metabolites, controlled by key enzymes. There is limited knowledge about the composition, biosynthesis and regulation of flavonoids in cereals. Improved understanding of the accumulation of flavonoids in cereal grains would help to improve human nutrition through these staple foods. The biosynthesis of flavonoids, scope for altering the flavonoid composition in cereal crops and benefits for human nutrition are reviewed here.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zehou Liu
- Triticeae Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu-Wenjiang, 611130, Sichuan, China,
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Iriti M, Varoni EM. Chemopreventive potential of flavonoids in oral squamous cell carcinoma in human studies. Nutrients 2013; 5:2564-76. [PMID: 23857227 PMCID: PMC3738988 DOI: 10.3390/nu5072564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2013] [Revised: 06/05/2013] [Accepted: 06/19/2013] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Evidence available from nutritional epidemiology has indicated an inverse association between regular consumption of fruits and vegetables and the risk of developing certain types of cancer. In turn, preclinical studies have attributed the health-promoting effects of plant foods to some groups of phytochemicals, by virtue of their many biological activities. In this survey, we briefly examine the chemopreventive potential of flavonoids and flavonoid-rich foods in human oral carcinogenesis. Despite the paucity of data from clinical trials and epidemiological studies, in comparison to in vitro/in vivo investigations, a high level of evidence has been reported for epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) and anthocyanins. These flavonoids, abundant in green tea and black raspberries, respectively, represent promising chemopreventive agents in human oral cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcello Iriti
- Department of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Milan State University, via G. Celoria 2, Milan 20133, Italy
| | - Elena Maria Varoni
- Department of Mining and Materials Engineering, McGill University, University Street 3610, Montreal, QC H3A 2B2, Canada; E-Mail:
- Department of Biomedical, Surgical and Dental Sciences, Milan State University, Milan 20133, Italy
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Eastern Piedmont “A. Avogadro”, Novara 28100, Italy
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Protection of dietary polyphenols against oral cancer. Nutrients 2013; 5:2173-91. [PMID: 23771133 PMCID: PMC3725499 DOI: 10.3390/nu5062173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2013] [Revised: 04/24/2013] [Accepted: 05/28/2013] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Oral cancer represents a health burden worldwide with approximate 275,000 new cases diagnosed annually. Its poor prognosis is due to local tumor invasion and frequent lymph node metastasis. Better understanding and development of novel treatments and chemo-preventive approaches for the preventive and therapeutic intervention of this type of cancer are necessary. Recent development of dietary polyphenols as cancer preventives and therapeutic agents is of great interest due to their antioxidant and anti-carcinogenic activities. Polyphenols may inhibit carcinogenesis in the stage of initiation, promotion, or progression. In particular, dietary polyphenols decrease incidence of carcinomas and exert protection against oral cancer by induction of cell death and inhibition of tumor growth, invasion, and metastasis. In this review, we discuss current progress of dietary polyphenols against oral cancers in vitro, in vivo, and at population levels.
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Romagnolo DF, Selmin OI. Flavonoids and cancer prevention: a review of the evidence. J Nutr Gerontol Geriatr 2012; 31:206-38. [PMID: 22888839 DOI: 10.1080/21551197.2012.702534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 216] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/09/2023]
Abstract
The objective of this work is to review data from epidemiological and preclinical studies addressing the potential benefits of diets based on flavonoids for cancer prevention. Flavonoids are subdivided into subclasses including flavonols, flavones, flavanones, flavan-3-ols, anthocyanidins, and isoflavones. Epidemiological studies suggest dietary intake of flavonoids may reduce the risk of tumors of the breast, colon, lung, prostate, and pancreas. However, some studies have reported inconclusive or even harmful associations. A major challenge in the interpretation of epidemiological studies is that most of the data originate from case-control studies and retrospective acquisition of flavonoid intake. Differences in agricultural, sociodemographics, and lifestyle factors contribute to the heterogeneity in the intake of flavonoids among populations residing in the United States, Europe, and Asia. Dose and timing of exposure may influence the anticancer response to flavonoid-rich diets. A limited number of intervention trials of flavonoids have documented cancer preventative effects. Proposed anticancer mechanisms for flavonoids are inhibition of proliferation, inflammation, invasion, metastasis, and activation of apoptosis. Prospective studies with larger sample sizes are needed to develop biomarkers of flavonoid intake and effect. Mechanistic studies are needed to ascertain how flavonoid-rich diets influence gene regulation for cancer prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Donato F Romagnolo
- Department of Nutritional Sciences and University of Arizona Cancer Center, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 85721-0038, USA.
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Radespiel-Tröger M, Meyer M, Fenner M. Geographic differences and time trends of intraoral cancer incidence and mortality in Bavaria, Germany. J Craniomaxillofac Surg 2012; 40:e285-92. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcms.2012.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2011] [Revised: 01/03/2012] [Accepted: 01/04/2012] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
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Chanet A, Milenkovic D, Manach C, Mazur A, Morand C. Citrus flavanones: what is their role in cardiovascular protection? JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2012; 60:8809-22. [PMID: 22574825 DOI: 10.1021/jf300669s] [Citation(s) in RCA: 127] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Flavanones, including hesperidin and naringin, are polyphenolic compounds highly and almost exclusively present in citrus. Epidemiological studies reported an inverse relationship between their intake and the risk of cardiovascular diseases. Clinical and experimental data further showed their antihypertensive, lipid-lowering, insulin-sensitizing, antioxidative, and anti-inflammatory properties, which could explain their antiatherogenic action in animal models. Although flavanones may be promising compounds that are particularly active in cardiovascular disease prevention, clinical data are still scarce and most in vitro data have been obtained under nonphysiologically relevant conditions. Moreover, the mechanisms responsible for flavanone action are not fully elucidated. Therefore, further research is needed to better evaluate and understand the protective effects of flavanones in cardiovascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Audrey Chanet
- INRA , UMR 1019, UNH, CRNH Auvergne, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France
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Zamora-Ros R, Knaze V, Luján-Barroso L, Kuhnle GGC, Mulligan AA, Touillaud M, Slimani N, Romieu I, Powell N, Tumino R, Peeters PHM, de Magistris MS, Ricceri F, Sonestedt E, Drake I, Hjartåker A, Skie G, Mouw T, Wark PA, Romaguera D, Bueno-de-Mesquita HB, Ros M, Molina E, Sieri S, Quirós JR, Huerta JM, Tjønneland A, Halkjær J, Masala G, Teucher B, Kaas R, Travis RC, Dilis V, Benetou V, Trichopoulou A, Amiano P, Ardanaz E, Boeing H, Förster J, Clavel-Chapelon F, Fagherazzi G, Perquier F, Johansson G, Johansson I, Cassidy A, Overvad K, González CA. Dietary intakes and food sources of phytoestrogens in the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC) 24-hour dietary recall cohort. Eur J Clin Nutr 2012; 66:932-41. [PMID: 22510793 DOI: 10.1038/ejcn.2012.36] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2011] [Revised: 01/26/2012] [Accepted: 01/26/2012] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES Phytoestrogens are estradiol-like natural compounds found in plants that have been associated with protective effects against chronic diseases, including some cancers, cardiovascular diseases and osteoporosis. The purpose of this study was to estimate the dietary intake of phytoestrogens, identify their food sources and their association with lifestyle factors in the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC) cohort. SUBJECTS/METHODS Single 24-hour dietary recalls were collected from 36,037 individuals from 10 European countries, aged 35-74 years using a standardized computerized interview programe (EPIC-Soft). An ad hoc food composition database on phytoestrogens (isoflavones, lignans, coumestans, enterolignans and equol) was compiled using data from available databases, in order to obtain and describe phytoestrogen intakes and their food sources across 27 redefined EPIC centres. RESULTS Mean total phytoestrogen intake was the highest in the UK health-conscious group (24.9 mg/day in men and 21.1 mg/day in women) whereas lowest in Greece (1.3 mg/day) in men and Spain-Granada (1.0 mg/day) in women. Northern European countries had higher intakes than southern countries. The main phytoestrogen contributors were isoflavones in both UK centres and lignans in the other EPIC cohorts. Age, body mass index, educational level, smoking status and physical activity were related to increased intakes of lignans, enterolignans and equol, but not to total phytoestrogen, isoflavone or coumestan intakes. In the UK cohorts, the major food sources of phytoestrogens were soy products. In the other EPIC cohorts the dietary sources were more distributed, among fruits, vegetables, soy products, cereal products, non-alcoholic and alcoholic beverages. CONCLUSIONS There was a high variability in the dietary intake of total and phytoestrogen subclasses and their food sources across European regions.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Zamora-Ros
- Unit of Nutrition, Environment and Cancer, Cancer Epidemiology Research Programme, Catalan Institute of Oncology (ICO-IDIBELL), L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain.
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Bosetti C, Filomeno M, Riso P, Polesel J, Levi F, Talamini R, Montella M, Negri E, Franceschi S, La Vecchia C. Cruciferous vegetables and cancer risk in a network of case-control studies. Ann Oncol 2012; 23:2198-2203. [PMID: 22328735 DOI: 10.1093/annonc/mdr604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cruciferous vegetables have been suggested to protect against various cancers, though the issue is open to discussion. To further understand their role, we analyzed data from a network of case-control studies conducted in Italy and Switzerland. PATIENTS AND METHODS The studies included a total of 1468 cancers of the oral cavity/pharynx, 505 of the esophagus, 230 of the stomach, 2390 of the colorectum, 185 of the liver, 326 of the pancreas, 852 of the larynx, 3034 of the breast, 367 of the endometrium, 1031 of the ovary, 1294 of the prostate, 767 of the kidney, and 11,492 controls. All cancers were incident, histologically confirmed; controls were subjects admitted to the same network of hospitals as cases for a wide spectrum of acute nonneoplastic conditions. RESULTS The multivariate odds ratio (OR) for consumption of cruciferous vegetables at least once a week as compared with no/occasional consumption was significantly reduced for cancer of the oral cavity/pharynx (OR=0.83), esophagus (OR=0.72), colorectum (OR=0.83), breast (OR=0.83), and kidney (OR=0.68). The OR was below unity, but not significant, for stomach (OR=0.90), liver (OR=0.72), pancreatic (OR=0.90), laryngeal (OR=0.84), endometrial (OR=0.93), ovarian (OR=0.91), and prostate (OR=0.87) cancer. CONCLUSION This large series of studies provides additional evidence of a favorable effect of cruciferous vegetables on several common cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Bosetti
- Department of Epidemiology, Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche 'Mario Negri', Milan.
| | - M Filomeno
- Department of Epidemiology, Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche 'Mario Negri', Milan
| | - P Riso
- Department of Food Science and Microbiology, Division of Human Nutrition, University of Milan, Milan
| | - J Polesel
- Unit of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico, Aviano (Pordenone), Italy
| | - F Levi
- Cancer Epidemiology Unit and Registre Vaudois des Tumeurs, Institut universitaire de médecine sociale et préventive, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - R Talamini
- Unit of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico, Aviano (Pordenone), Italy
| | - M Montella
- Unit of Epidemiology, Istituto Tumori 'Fondazione Pascale', Naples, Italy
| | - E Negri
- Department of Epidemiology, Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche 'Mario Negri', Milan
| | - S Franceschi
- International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France
| | - C La Vecchia
- Department of Epidemiology, Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche 'Mario Negri', Milan; Department of Occupational Health, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
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Edefonti V, Hashibe M, Ambrogi F, Parpinel M, Bravi F, Talamini R, Levi F, Yu G, Morgenstern H, Kelsey K, McClean M, Schantz S, Zhang Z, Chuang S, Boffetta P, La Vecchia C, Decarli A. Nutrient-based dietary patterns and the risk of head and neck cancer: a pooled analysis in the International Head and Neck Cancer Epidemiology consortium. Ann Oncol 2012; 23:1869-80. [PMID: 22123733 PMCID: PMC3387823 DOI: 10.1093/annonc/mdr548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2011] [Accepted: 10/12/2011] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The association between dietary patterns and head and neck cancer has rarely been addressed. PATIENTS AND METHODS We used individual-level pooled data from five case-control studies (2452 cases and 5013 controls) participating in the International Head and Neck Cancer Epidemiology consortium. A posteriori dietary patterns were identified through a principal component factor analysis carried out on 24 nutrients derived from study-specific food-frequency questionnaires. Odds ratios (ORs) and corresponding 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were estimated using unconditional logistic regression models on quintiles of factor scores. RESULTS We identified three major dietary patterns named 'animal products and cereals', 'antioxidant vitamins and fiber', and 'fats'. The 'antioxidant vitamins and fiber' pattern was inversely related to oral and pharyngeal cancer (OR=0.57, 95% CI 0.43-0.76 for the highest versus the lowest score quintile). The 'animal products and cereals' pattern was positively associated with laryngeal cancer (OR=1.54, 95% CI 1.12-2.11), whereas the 'fats' pattern was inversely associated with oral and pharyngeal cancer (OR=0.78, 95% CI 0.63-0.97) and positively associated with laryngeal cancer (OR=1.69, 95% CI 1.22-2.34). CONCLUSIONS These findings suggest that diets rich in animal products, cereals, and fats are positively related to laryngeal cancer, and those rich in fruit and vegetables inversely related to oral and pharyngeal cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- V. Edefonti
- Section of Medical Statistics and Biometry ‘Giulio A. Maccacaro’, Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - M. Hashibe
- University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, USA
| | - F. Ambrogi
- Section of Medical Statistics and Biometry ‘Giulio A. Maccacaro’, Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - M. Parpinel
- Unit of Hygiene and Epidemiology, Department of Medical and Biological Sciences, University of Udine, Udine
| | - F. Bravi
- Section of Medical Statistics and Biometry ‘Giulio A. Maccacaro’, Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
- Department of Epidemiology, “Mario Negri” Institute for Pharmacological Research, Milan
| | - R. Talamini
- Unit of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico, Aviano, Italy
| | - F. Levi
- Cancer Epidemiology Unit, Institut Universitaire de Médecine Sociale et Préventive, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - G. Yu
- New York Eye and Ear Infirmary, New York; Departments of
| | - H. Morgenstern
- Epidemiology
- Environmental Health Sciences, University of Michigan School of Public Health and Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor
| | | | - M. McClean
- Boston University School of Public Health, Boston
| | - S. Schantz
- New York Eye and Ear Infirmary, New York; Departments of
| | - Z. Zhang
- UCLA School of Public Health, Los Angeles, USA
| | | | - P. Boffetta
- The Tisch Cancer Institute and Institute for Translational Epidemiology, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, USA
- International Prevention Research Institute, Lyon, France
| | - C. La Vecchia
- Section of Medical Statistics and Biometry ‘Giulio A. Maccacaro’, Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
- Department of Epidemiology, “Mario Negri” Institute for Pharmacological Research, Milan
| | - A. Decarli
- Section of Medical Statistics and Biometry ‘Giulio A. Maccacaro’, Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
- Unit of Medical Statistics, Biometry and Bioinformatics, Fondazione IRCSS Istituto Nazionale Tumori di Milano, Milan, Italy
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Rossi M, Lugo A, Lagiou P, Zucchetto A, Polesel J, Serraino D, Negri E, Trichopoulos D, La Vecchia C. Proanthocyanidins and other flavonoids in relation to pancreatic cancer: a case-control study in Italy. Ann Oncol 2011; 23:1488-93. [PMID: 22052986 DOI: 10.1093/annonc/mdr475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Four cohort studies have examined the relation between flavonoids and pancreatic cancer risk providing inconsistent results. PATIENTS AND METHODS We conducted a case-control study between 1991 and 2008 in Northern Italy. Subjects were 326 cases with incident pancreatic cancer and 652 frequency-matched controls (admitted to the same hospitals as cases for acute non-neoplastic conditions) who answered a reproducible and valid food-frequency questionnaire. We computed odds ratios (ORs) using logistic regression models conditioned on gender, age and study center, and adjusted for education, history of diabetes, tobacco smoking, alcohol drinking and energy intake. RESULTS Proanthocyanidins with three or more mers were inversely related to pancreatic cancer risk. The ORs were similar in all classes of polymers with three or more mers and in their combination (OR for the highest versus the lowest quintile of intake, 0.41; 95% confidence interval 0.24-0.69), and did not substantially change after adjustment for fruit and vegetable consumption, and for vitamin C and folate intakes. Eating an additional portion of fruits rich in proanthocyanidins every day reduced the risk of pancreatic cancer by 25%. CONCLUSION Dietary proanthocyanidins-mostly present in apples, pears and pulses-may convey some protection against pancreatic cancer risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Rossi
- Department of Epidemiology, Mario Negri Institute for Pharmacological Research, Milan, Italy.
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Abstract
A high intake of fruits and vegetables is associated with a lower risk of cancer. In this context, considerable attention is paid to Asian populations who consume high amounts of soy and soy-derived isoflavones, and have a lower risk for several cancer types such as breast and prostate cancers than populations in Western countries. Hence, interest focuses on soyfoods, soy products, and soy ingredients such as isoflavones with regard to their possible beneficial effects that were observed in numerous experiments and studies. The outcomes of the studies are not always conclusive, are often contradictory depending on the experimental conditions, and are, therefore, difficult to interpret. Isoflavone research revealed not only beneficial but also adverse effects, for instance, on the reproductive system. This is also the case with tumor-promoting effects on, for example, breast tissue. Isoflavone extracts and supplements are often used for the treatment of menopausal symptoms and for the prevention of age-associated conditions such as cardiovascular diseases and osteoporosis in postmenopausal women. In relation to this, questions about the effectiveness and safety of isoflavones have to be clarified. Moreover, there are concerns about the maternal consumption of isoflavones due to the development of leukemia in infants. In contrast, men may benefit from the intake of isoflavones with regard to reducing the risk of prostate cancer. Therefore, this review examines the risks but also the benefits of isoflavones with regard to various kinds of cancer, which can be derived from animal and human studies as well as from in vitro experiments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susanne Andres
- Department of Food Safety, Federal Institute for Risk Assessment, Berlin, Germany
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Estimation of the intake of anthocyanidins and their food sources in the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC) study. Br J Nutr 2011; 106:1090-9. [DOI: 10.1017/s0007114511001437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Anthocyanidins are bioactive flavonoids with potential health-promoting effects. These may vary among single anthocyanidins considering differences in their bioavailability and some of the mechanisms involved. The aim of the present study was to estimate the dietary intake of anthocyanidins, their food sources and the lifestyle factors (sex, age, BMI, smoking status, educational level and physisical activity) involved among twenty-seven centres in ten European countries participating in the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC) study. Anthocyanidin intake and their food sources for 36 037 subjects, aged between 35 and 74 years, in twenty-seven redefined centres were obtained using standardised 24 h dietary recall software (EPIC-SOFT). An ad hoc food composition database on anthocyanidins (cyanidin, delphinidin, malvidin, pelargonidin, peonidin, petunidin) was compiled using data from the US Department of Agriculture and Phenol-Explorer databases and was expanded by adding recipes, estimated values and cooking factors. For men, the total anthocyanidin mean intake ranged from 19·83 (se 1·53) mg/d (Bilthoven, The Netherlands) to 64·88 (se 1·86) mg/d (Turin, Italy), whereas for women the range was 18·73 (se 2·80) mg/d (Granada, Spain) to 44·08 (se 2·45) mg/d (Turin, Italy). A clear south to north gradient intake was observed. Cyanidins and malvidins were the main anthocynidin contributors depending on the region and sex. Anthocyanidin intake was higher in non-obese older females, non-smokers, and increased with educational level and physical activity. The major food sources were fruits, wine, non-alcoholic beverages and some vegetables. The present study shows differences in both total and individual anthocyanidin intakes and various lifestyle factors throughout Europe, with some geographical variability in their food sources.
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Rossi M, Bosetti C, Negri E, Lagiou P, Vecchia CL. Flavonoids, Proanthocyanidins, and Cancer Risk: A Network of Case-Control Studies From Italy. Nutr Cancer 2010; 62:871-7. [DOI: 10.1080/01635581.2010.509534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
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Galeone C, Tavani A, Pelucchi C, Turati F, Winn DM, Levi F, Yu GP, Morgenstern H, Kelsey K, Dal Maso L, Purdue MP, McClean M, Talamini R, Hayes RB, Franceschi S, Schantz S, Zhang ZF, Ferro G, Chuang SC, Boffetta P, La Vecchia C, Hashibe M. Coffee and tea intake and risk of head and neck cancer: pooled analysis in the international head and neck cancer epidemiology consortium. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2010; 19:1723-36. [PMID: 20570908 DOI: 10.1158/1055-9965.epi-10-0191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Only a few studies have explored the relation between coffee and tea intake and head and neck cancers, with inconsistent results. METHODS We pooled individual-level data from nine case-control studies of head and neck cancers, including 5,139 cases and 9,028 controls. Logistic regression was used to estimate odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CI), adjusting for potential confounders. RESULTS Caffeinated coffee intake was inversely related with the risk of cancer of the oral cavity and pharynx: the ORs were 0.96 (95% CI, 0.94-0.98) for an increment of 1 cup per day and 0.61 (95% CI, 0.47-0.80) in drinkers of >4 cups per day versus nondrinkers. This latter estimate was consistent for different anatomic sites (OR, 0.46; 95% CI, 0.30-0.71 for oral cavity; OR, 0.58; 95% CI, 0.41-0.82 for oropharynx/hypopharynx; and OR, 0.61; 95% CI, 0.37-1.01 for oral cavity/pharynx not otherwise specified) and across strata of selected covariates. No association of caffeinated coffee drinking was found with laryngeal cancer (OR, 0.96; 95% CI, 0.64-1.45 in drinkers of >4 cups per day versus nondrinkers). Data on decaffeinated coffee were too sparse for detailed analysis, but indicated no increased risk. Tea intake was not associated with head and neck cancer risk (OR, 0.99; 95% CI, 0.89-1.11 for drinkers versus nondrinkers). CONCLUSIONS This pooled analysis of case-control studies supports the hypothesis of an inverse association between caffeinated coffee drinking and risk of cancer of the oral cavity and pharynx. IMPACT Given widespread use of coffee and the relatively high incidence and low survival of head and neck cancers, the observed inverse association may have appreciable public health relevance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlotta Galeone
- Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche "Mario Negri", Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
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Pelucchi C, Bosetti C, Rossi M, Negri E, La Vecchia C. Selected aspects of Mediterranean diet and cancer risk. Nutr Cancer 2010; 61:756-66. [PMID: 20155613 DOI: 10.1080/01635580903285007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
European Mediterranean populations have a high life expectancy. Several aspects of their diet are considered favorable on health. We considered the role of various aspects of the Mediterranean diet on cancer risk in a series of Italian case-control studies including about 10,000 cases of cancer at 13 different sites and over 17,000 controls. For most epithelial cancers, the risk decreased with increasing vegetable consumption. Allium vegetables were also favorably related to cancer risk. Fruit intake was inversely associated with digestive tract and laryngeal cancers. For digestive tract cancers, the population attributable risks for low intake of vegetables and fruit ranged between 15% and 40%. Olive oil and unsaturated fats, which are typical aspects of the Mediterranean diet, were inversely related to the risk of several cancers, particularly of the upper aerodigestive tract. Whole grain food (and hence possibly fiber) intake was also related to reduced risk of various cancers. In contrast, refined grains and, consequently, glycemic load and index were associated to increased risks. Several micronutrients and food components (including folate, flavonoids, and carotenoids) showed inverse relations with cancer risk, but the main component(s) responsible for the favorable effect of a diet rich in vegetables and fruit remain undefined.
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Edefonti V, Bravi F, La Vecchia C, Randi G, Ferraroni M, Garavello W, Franceschi S, Talamini R, Boffetta P, Decarli A. Nutrient-based dietary patterns and the risk of oral and pharyngeal cancer. Oral Oncol 2010; 46:343-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.oraloncology.2009.11.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2009] [Revised: 11/16/2009] [Accepted: 11/16/2009] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Scully C, Bagan JV. Oral squamous cell carcinoma: overview of current understanding of aetiopathogenesis and clinical implications. Oral Dis 2009; 15:388-99. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1601-0825.2009.01563.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 175] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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Woodward G, Kroon P, Cassidy A, Kay C. Anthocyanin stability and recovery: implications for the analysis of clinical and experimental samples. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2009; 57:5271-8. [PMID: 19435353 DOI: 10.1021/jf900602b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 129] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
The proportion of ingested anthocyanins to reach the systemic circulation is reported to be a small percentage of their ingested dose. This may be due to physiochemical degradation in vivo or following routine sample treatment. Therefore, this study aimed to quantitatively investigate the effect of anthocyanin structure on their stability under simulated (in vitro) physiological conditions and to assess their degradation and recovery following routine preanalytical sample extraction and storage. It was demonstrated that B-ring hydroxylation mediated the degradation of anthocyanins to their phenolic acid and aldehyde constituents, successful anthocyanin extraction is dependent on both sample preparation technique and anthocyanin structure, and anthocyanins are stable through multiple freeze-thaw cycles. These data indicate that significant portions of ingested anthocyanins are likely to degrade to phenolic acids and aldehyde in vivo. Consequently, these compounds should be the target of future bioavailability and bioactivity studies to establish the true occurrence and impact of anthocyanins on human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gary Woodward
- School of Medicine, University of East Anglia, Norwich, United Kingdom
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