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La Marca A, Diamanti M. Factors affecting age at menopause and their relationship with ovarian reserve: a comprehensive review. EUR J CONTRACEP REPR 2024:1-11. [PMID: 39007753 DOI: 10.1080/13625187.2024.2375281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2024] [Accepted: 06/27/2024] [Indexed: 07/16/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this article was to discuss all the factors affecting the age at menopause and their correlation with ovarian reserve. MATERIALS AND METHODS A narrative review of original articles was performed using PubMed until December 2023. The following keywords were used to generate the list of citations: 'menopause', 'ovarian reserve' 'oocytes quality and quantity', 'ovarian ageing'. RESULTS Menopause is the final step in the process of ovarian ageing and is influenced by the oocyte pool at birth. Conditions that accelerate follicle depletion during the reproductive lifespan lead to premature ovarian insufficiency (POI) and premature ovarian failure (POF), while a higher ovarian reserve is associated with a delayed time to menopause. Reproductive history, sociodemographic, lifestyle and iatrogenic factors may impact ovarian reserve and the age at menopause. CONCLUSIONS Some factors affecting the age at menopause are modifiable and the risks of early menopause may be preventable. We hypothesise that by addressing these modifiable factors we may also preserve ovarian reserve. However, further interventional studies are needed to evaluate the effects of the described strategies on ovarian reserve.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio La Marca
- Obstetrics and Gynecology Unit, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences for Mother, Child and Adult, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Marialaura Diamanti
- Obstetrics and Gynecology Unit, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences for Mother, Child and Adult, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
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Halstead KM, Wetzel EM, Cho JL, Stanhewicz AE. Sex Differences in Oxidative Stress-Mediated Reductions in Microvascular Endothelial Function in Young Adult e-Cigarette Users. Hypertension 2023; 80:2641-2649. [PMID: 37800370 PMCID: PMC10848654 DOI: 10.1161/hypertensionaha.123.21684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2023] [Accepted: 09/19/2023] [Indexed: 10/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chronic electronic-cigarette (EC) use is reported to decrease vascular endothelial function. However, the mechanism(s) mediating this reduction remain unclear. In this study, we examined endothelium- and NO-dependent dilation, and the role of oxidative stress in attenuating these responses, in healthy young EC users (n=20, 10 males/10 females) compared with healthy controls (n=20, 10 males/10 females). We hypothesized that EC would have reduced endothelium- and NO-dependent dilation and administration of the superoxide scavenger tempol would increase these responses in EC. We further hypothesized that female EC would have the greatest reductions in endothelium- and NO-dependent dilation. METHODS We assessed microvascular endothelium-dependent vasodilator function in vivo by measurement of cutaneous vascular conductance (%CVCmax) responses to a standardized local heating protocol in control and 10 μM tempol-treated sites. After full expression of the local heating response, 15 mM NG-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester (NO synthase inhibition) was perfused. RESULTS EC had significantly reduced endothelium- (73±15 versus 87±9%CVCmax; P<0.001) and NO-dependent (48±17% versus 62±15%; P=0.011) dilation. Tempol perfusion increased endothelium-dependent (84±12%CVCmax P=0.01) and NO-dependent (63±14% P=0.005) dilation in EC but had no effect in healthy control. Within female sex, EC had lower endothelium-dependent (71±13 versus 89±7%CVCmax; P=0.002) and NO-dependent (50±6 versus 69±11%; P=0.005) dilation compared with healthy control, and tempol augmented endothelium-dependent (83±13%CVCmax; P=0.002) and NO-dependent (62±13%; P=0.015) dilation. There were no group or treatment differences within male sex. CONCLUSION Healthy young adult EC users have reduced microvascular endothelium-dependent and NO-dependent dilation, driven by greater reductions in female EC users, and mediated in part by superoxide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristen M Halstead
- Department of Health and Human Physiology, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA (K.M.H., E.M.W., A.E.S.)
| | - Elizabeth M Wetzel
- Department of Health and Human Physiology, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA (K.M.H., E.M.W., A.E.S.)
| | - Josalyn L Cho
- Department of Internal Medicine, Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA (J.L.C.)
| | - Anna E Stanhewicz
- Department of Health and Human Physiology, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA (K.M.H., E.M.W., A.E.S.)
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Peng J, Chen J, Liu Y, Lyu J, Zhang B. Association between periodontitis and osteoporosis in United States adults from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey: a cross-sectional analysis. BMC Oral Health 2023; 23:254. [PMID: 37131215 PMCID: PMC10155350 DOI: 10.1186/s12903-023-02990-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2022] [Accepted: 04/26/2023] [Indexed: 05/04/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This cross-sectional study aimed to investigate the association between periodontitis and osteoporosis among US adults as well as the subgroup of menopausal women. BACKGROUND Periodontitis and osteoporosis are both chronic inflammatory diseases characterized by local or systemic bone resorption. Since they share many risk factors, and the significant decrease in estrogen along with menopause is unfavorable for both diseases, it's reasonable to assume that there exists some links between the two diseases, especially during the menopause. METHODS We analyzed data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2009-2010 and 2013-2014. Periodontitis (defined according to the CDC/AAP definition) and osteoporosis (assessed by the dual-energy radiation absorptiometry) data were available for 5736 participants, and 519 subjects were enrolled in the subgroup of menopausal women aged 45-60 years old. We used binary logistic regression analysis to examine the association between the two diseases both in crude and fully adjusted model. RESULTS In the fully adjusted model, osteoporosis was significantly associated with an increased risk of periodontal disease (OR:1.66, 95% CI: 1.00-2.77) in the whole population. As to the subgroup of menopausal women, osteoporosis group had an adjusted OR of 9.66 (95% CI: 1.13-82.38) for developing severe periodontitis in the fully adjusted model. CONCLUSIONS Osteoporosis is significantly associated with periodontitis and the association is even more pronounced in menopausal women with severe periodontitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Peng
- Department of Orthodontics, Affiliated Stomatology Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangdong Engineering Research Center of Oral Restoration and Reconstruction, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Basic and Applied Research of Oral Regenerative Medicine, Guangzhou, 510182, Guangdong, China
| | - Jianming Chen
- Department of Orthodontics, Affiliated Stomatology Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangdong Engineering Research Center of Oral Restoration and Reconstruction, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Basic and Applied Research of Oral Regenerative Medicine, Guangzhou, 510182, Guangdong, China
| | - Yucheng Liu
- Department of Orthodontics, Affiliated Stomatology Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangdong Engineering Research Center of Oral Restoration and Reconstruction, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Basic and Applied Research of Oral Regenerative Medicine, Guangzhou, 510182, Guangdong, China
| | - Jun Lyu
- Department of Clinical Research, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510630, Guangdong, China.
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Informatization, Guangzhou, 510632, Guangdong, China.
| | - Bin Zhang
- Department of Orthodontics, Affiliated Stomatology Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangdong Engineering Research Center of Oral Restoration and Reconstruction, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Basic and Applied Research of Oral Regenerative Medicine, Guangzhou, 510182, Guangdong, China.
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Rushing BR, Tilley S, Molina S, Schroder M, Sumner S. Commonalities in Metabolic Reprogramming between Tobacco Use and Oral Cancer. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:10261. [PMID: 36011897 PMCID: PMC9408724 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph191610261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2022] [Revised: 08/09/2022] [Accepted: 08/13/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Tobacco use is a major public health concern and is linked to myriad diseases, including cancer. The link between tobacco use and oral cancer, specifically, is very strong, making tobacco use one of the primary risk factors for oral cancer. While this association is well known, the underlying biochemical changes that result from tobacco use, and how this links to metabolic phenotypes of oral cancer, is not well understood. To address this knowledge gap, a combination of literature reviews and metabolomics studies were performed to identify commonalities in metabolic perturbations between tobacco use and oral cancers. Metabolomics analysis was performed on pooled reference urine from smokers and non-smokers, healthy and malignant oral tissues, and cultured oral cells with or without treatment of the well-known tobacco carcinogen 4-(methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanone (NNK). Alterations in amino acid metabolism, carbohydrates/oxidative phosphorylation, fatty acid oxidation, nucleotide metabolism, steroid metabolism, and vitamin metabolism were found to be shared between tobacco use and oral cancer. These results support the conclusion that tobacco use metabolically reprograms oral cells to support malignant transformation through these pathways. These metabolic reprogramming events may be potential targets to prevent or treat oral cancers that arise from tobacco use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Blake R. Rushing
- Department of Nutrition, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Durham, NC 27599, USA
- Nutrition Research Institute, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Kannapolis, NC 28081, USA
| | - Spencer Tilley
- Department of Nutrition, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Durham, NC 27599, USA
| | - Sabrina Molina
- Nutrition Research Institute, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Kannapolis, NC 28081, USA
| | - Madison Schroder
- Nutrition Research Institute, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Kannapolis, NC 28081, USA
| | - Susan Sumner
- Department of Nutrition, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Durham, NC 27599, USA
- Nutrition Research Institute, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Kannapolis, NC 28081, USA
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Ihenacho U, Sriprasert I, Mack WJ, Hamilton AS, Unger JB, Press MF, Wu AH. A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Smoking and Circulating Sex Hormone Levels Among Premenopausal Women. Nicotine Tob Res 2022; 24:1705-1713. [PMID: 35291014 DOI: 10.1093/ntr/ntac066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2021] [Revised: 01/03/2022] [Accepted: 03/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Abstract
It is established that higher pre-diagnostic circulating androgen and estrogen levels are associated with increased breast cancer risk in premenopausal and postmenopausal women. Pooled analyses in postmenopausal women report higher androgen and estrogen levels in current heavy cigarette smokers compared to nonsmokers. However, evidence among premenopausal women has been inconsistent. We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis to estimate differences in standardized mean hormone levels among current premenopausal smokers compared to nonsmokers. We reviewed and collated publications with sex hormone levels by smoking status among healthy, premenopausal women who were nonusers of exogenous hormones, including oral contraceptives, using PubMed through December 2019. A random effects meta-analysis was conducted to combine the standardized mean differences (SMD) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for estradiol, progesterone, testosterone, dehydroepiandrosterone, dehydroepiandrosterone-sulfate, and sex hormone-binding globulin by smoking status. Findings were summarized by menstrual cycle phase and overall. Nineteen published peer-reviewed articles were included. Significantly increased testosterone levels among smokers compared to nonsmokers were identified from cross-sectional studies with varied menstrual phase timing (SMD 0.14; 95% CI 0.0005, 0.29) and significantly increased dehydroepiandrosterone-sulfate levels were found over all phases (SMD 0.12; 95% CI 0.01, 0.22). However, substantial heterogeneity existed in these studies. This meta-analysis suggests that smoking may increase blood androgen levels in healthy premenopausal women which may increase breast cancer risk; however, the differences were modest. Larger and covariate-adjusted studies with standardized collection over the menstrual cycle are needed to better understand this relationship and to reduce heterogeneity. Implications: Existing research has described associations between high pre-diagnostic estradiol and androgen levels with breast cancer risk among premenopausal women and has established active smoking as a breast cancer risk factor. However, the smoking and circulating sex hormone associations among premenopausal women remain inadequately studied. In this meta-analysis, we identified an association between smoking and higher mean testosterone and dehydroepiandrosterone-sulfate levels with consideration of menstrual phase, providing additional information on smoking's potential pathway to premenopausal breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ugonna Ihenacho
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Intira Sriprasert
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Wendy J Mack
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Ann S Hamilton
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Jennifer B Unger
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Michael F Press
- Department of Pathology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Anna H Wu
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
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Miki Y, Ito K. Appropriate Health Management Considering the Vulnerability of Women during Disasters. TOHOKU J EXP MED 2022; 256:187-195. [DOI: 10.1620/tjem.256.187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yasuhiro Miki
- Disaster Obstetrics and Gynecology Lab, International Research Institute of Disaster Science (IRIDeS), Tohoku University
| | - Kiyoshi Ito
- Disaster Obstetrics and Gynecology Lab, International Research Institute of Disaster Science (IRIDeS), Tohoku University
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Fang JG, Wang DJ, Yang HY, Zhang H, Tong JY, Lin ZJ. Association between Serum Cotinine Levels and Bone Mineral Density: An Analysis of the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES). Int J Endocrinol 2022; 2022:6830705. [PMID: 36110149 PMCID: PMC9470356 DOI: 10.1155/2022/6830705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2022] [Revised: 08/06/2022] [Accepted: 08/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To investigate the relationship between serum cotinine and lumbar bone mineral density (BMD) among 7905 participants aged 30 years and over. METHOD A total of 3945 men and 3960 women from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2011-2018 were included in this cross-sectional analysis. Independent variable was serum cotinine, which is a biomarker of cigarette exposure. The outcome variable was lumbar BMD. We investigated the associations of serum cotinine levels and lumbar BMD using multivariable linear regression models. RESULTS Serum cotinine concentration was negatively associated with lumbar BMD after adjustment of relevant covariables (β = -0.039, 95% CI: -0.078 to -0.014, P = 0.005). However, in the subgroup analysis stratified by gender, this negative association remained only in women (β = -0.072, 95% CI: -0.132 to -0.012, P = 0.019). CONCLUSION Our study suggested that elevated serum cotinine level correlated with decreased lumbar BMD, especially in women. This finding indicated that reducing cigarette exposure and maintaining serum cotinine at a low level may be beneficial to bone health for adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian-Guo Fang
- Department of Spine Surgery, Shidong Hospital Affiliated to University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, No. 999, Shiguang Road, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Duo-Jun Wang
- Department of Spine Surgery, Shidong Hospital Affiliated to University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, No. 999, Shiguang Road, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Hao-Yu Yang
- School of Basic Medicine, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan, China
| | - Hui Zhang
- Department of Spine Surgery, Shidong Hospital Affiliated to University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, No. 999, Shiguang Road, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Jin-Yu Tong
- Department of Spine Surgery, Shidong Hospital Affiliated to University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, No. 999, Shiguang Road, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Zai-Jun Lin
- Department of Spine Surgery, Shidong Hospital Affiliated to University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, No. 999, Shiguang Road, Shanghai 200438, China
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Pacyga DC, Gardiner JC, Flaws JA, Li Z, Calafat AM, Korrick SA, Schantz SL, Strakovsky RS. Maternal phthalate and phthalate alternative metabolites and urinary biomarkers of estrogens and testosterones across pregnancy. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2021; 155:106676. [PMID: 34116379 PMCID: PMC8292204 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2021.106676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2021] [Revised: 05/02/2021] [Accepted: 05/26/2021] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES Pregnant women are ubiquitously exposed to phthalates from food packaging materials and personal care products. Phthalates alter estrogen and testosterone concentrations in experimental models, but their ability to impact these hormones in human pregnancy is not well characterized. METHODS We recruited women ages 18-40 into the Illinois Kids Development Study (I-KIDS) in early pregnancy. Participants provided up to 5 first-morning urine samples across pregnancy (8-40 weeks gestation) that we pooled for quantification of 19 phthalate or phthalate alternative metabolites. Either individual (ng/mL) or molar sums (nmol/mL) of metabolites were used as exposure biomarkers. We summed urinary concentrations (ng/mL) of eight major estrogen (SumEstrogens) and two major testosterone (SumTestosterones) metabolites measured at median 13, 28, and 34 weeks gestation. We also estimated the ratio of estrogens-to-androgens. Linear mixed-effects models assessed relationships of phthalates/alternatives as continuous measures or as concentration quartiles with SumEstrogens, SumTestosterones, and the Estrogen/Androgen ratio in 434 women. In our models, we controlled for age, race, education, parity, smoking in the first trimester, pre-pregnancy body mass index, diet quality, conception season, fetal sex, and gestational age at hormone assessment. We also explored whether gestational age at hormone assessment or fetal sex modified these associations. All biomarkers and outcomes were specific gravity-adjusted, and continuous exposures and outcomes were also natural log-transformed. RESULTS Most participants were non-Hispanic white (80.9%), college educated (82.2%), and had urinary phthalate/alternative metabolite concentrations similar to those of reproductive-aged U.S. women. Overall, select phthalate metabolites were positively associated with SumEstrogens and SumTestosterones, but negatively associated with the Estrogen/Androgen ratio. For example, SumEstrogens was 5.1% (95%CI: 1.8, 8.5) higher with every 2-fold increase in sum of di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate metabolites, while SumTestosterones was 7.9% (95%CI: 1.0, 15.3) higher and Estrogen/Androgen ratio was -7.7% (95%CI: -13.6, -1.4) lower with every 2-fold increase in monoethyl phthalate. However, phthalate alternatives were only positively associated with SumEstrogens, which was 2.4% (95%CI: 0.4, 4.5) and 3.2% (95%CI: 0.7, 5.8) higher with every 2-fold increase in sum of di(isononyl) cyclohexane-1,2-dicarboxylate metabolites and sum of di(2-ethylhexyl) terephthalate metabolites, respectively. Gestational age- and fetal sex-specific associations were only consistently observed for associations of phthalates/alternatives with SumEstrogens, where associations were strongest in mid-to-late pregnancy in women carrying females. CONCLUSION Phthalates/alternatives may impact gestational hormones, with potential for gestational age- and fetal sex-specific associations. Whether maternal urinary estrogens and testosterones mediate associations of phthalates/alternatives with pregnancy and fetal outcomes merits further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana C Pacyga
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA; Institute for Integrative Toxicology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA; Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
| | - Joseph C Gardiner
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
| | - Jodi A Flaws
- Department of Comparative Biosciences, University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign, IL 61801, USA
| | - Zhong Li
- Roy J. Carver Biotechnology Center, University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign, IL 61801, USA
| | - Antonia M Calafat
- Division of Laboratory Sciences, National Center for Environmental Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA 30341, USA
| | - Susan A Korrick
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Susan L Schantz
- Department of Comparative Biosciences, University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign, IL 61801, USA; Beckman Institute, University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign, IL 61801, USA
| | - Rita S Strakovsky
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA; Institute for Integrative Toxicology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA.
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Fujitani T, Fujii Y, Lyu Z, Harada Sassa M, Harada KH. Urinary equol levels are positively associated with urinary estradiol excretion in women. Sci Rep 2021; 11:19532. [PMID: 34593903 PMCID: PMC8484452 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-98872-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2020] [Accepted: 09/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Isoflavones found in soy products are a promising class of nutrients that may have a positive effect on human health. In particular, the phytoestrogen metabolite equol is associated with a reduced risk of developing female hormone-related diseases. However, the effect of equol on estrogen remains unclear. Equol can modify blood and urinary estradiol (E2) levels. The aim of this cross-sectional study was to examine the associations between urinary estrogen levels, equol levels, and equol production status in Japanese women. We analyzed urine samples from 520 women by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Urinary E2 and 4-hydroxylated E2 levels were higher in equol producers (EQP) than in non-EQPs (P < 0.0001 and P=0.00112, respectively). After adjusting for age and tobacco use by analysis of covariance, the association remained significant (β = 0.299, P < 0.0001). Analysis of covariance demonstrated that equol levels in urine were also positively associated with urinary E2 (β = 0.597, P < 0.0001). The log equol concentration showed a significant, but moderate, negative association with the serum E2 concentration (β = − 0.0225, P = 0.0462). Our findings suggest that equol may promote urinary E2 excretion and modify blood E2 levels in women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomoko Fujitani
- Department of Health and Environmental Sciences, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, 606-8501, Japan
| | - Yukiko Fujii
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Daiichi University of Pharmacy, Fukuoka, 815-8511, Japan
| | - Zhaoqing Lyu
- Department of Health and Environmental Sciences, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, 606-8501, Japan
| | - Mariko Harada Sassa
- Department of Health and Environmental Sciences, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, 606-8501, Japan
| | - Kouji H Harada
- Department of Health and Environmental Sciences, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, 606-8501, Japan.
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Almutairi M, Almutairi B, Almutairi M, Parine NR, Alrefaei A, Alanazi M, Semlali A. Human beta-defensin-1 rs2738047 polymorphism is associated with shisha smoking risk among Saudi population. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 28:42916-42933. [PMID: 33826097 PMCID: PMC8025738 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-13660-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2020] [Accepted: 03/22/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Human β-defensin (HBD), a member of the antimicrobial peptides, is essential for respiratory epithelial cells' microbial defense, and is affected by cigarette smoking (CS). Its expression is upregulated by stimulation from microbes or inflammation. Genetic polymorphisms in the HBD-1 gene have been implicated in the development of various smoking-related diseases, including chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and asthma. Thus, we sought to analyze possible associations between HBD-1 single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) in HBD-1 gene and CS in ethnic Saudi Arabian subjects. Variants rs1047031 (C/T), rs1799946 (C/T), rs2738047 (C/T), and rs11362 (C/T) were investigated by genotyping 575 blood specimens from males and females, smokers/non-smokers: 288/287. The CT and CT+TT genotypes of rs1799946 presented an ~5-fold increased correlation with CS among the female smokers, compared with the female controls (OR = 5.473, P = 0.02003; and OR = 5.211, P = 0.02028, respectively), an observation similar to rs11362 SNP in female smokers, but with protective effects in TT genotype, compared with the CC reference allele (OR = 0.143, P = 0.04368). In shisha smokers, the heterozygous CT and the CT/TT genotype of rs2738047 polymorphism showed the same results with ~3-fold increased correlation with CS (OR = 2.788; P = 0.03448), compared with the cigarette smokers category. No significant association was shown in genotypic distributions and allelic frequencies of rs1047031. Further investigations, including large study samples, are required to investigate the effects of shisha on human beta-defensin expression and protein levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mikhlid Almutairi
- Zoology Department, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box: 2455, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Bader Almutairi
- Zoology Department, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box: 2455, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammad Almutairi
- Zoology Department, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box: 2455, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Narasimha Reddy Parine
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdulwahed Alrefaei
- Zoology Department, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box: 2455, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammad Alanazi
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdelhabib Semlali
- Groupe de Recherche en Écologie Buccale, Département de stomatologie, Faculté de Médecine Dentaire, Université Laval, Québec, Québec, Canada
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Almutairi MH, Al-Numair NS, Parine NR, Almutairi BO, Alrefaei AF, Rouabhia M, Semlali A. The protective effects of the methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase rs1801131 variant among Saudi smokers. Saudi J Biol Sci 2021; 28:3972-3980. [PMID: 34220254 PMCID: PMC8241599 DOI: 10.1016/j.sjbs.2021.04.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2020] [Revised: 04/01/2021] [Accepted: 04/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) polymorphism plays a fundamental role in susceptibility to various diseases, including cancers and autoimmune diseases. In the current study, we aimed to compare genotype and allele frequency variations of rs1801131, one of the most common variants found in the MTHFR gene, among Saudi smokers and non-smokers. We hypothesized that genetic variations of this gene are responsible for many diseases, particularly those caused by cigarette smoking (CS) such as pulmonary diseases, oral cancer and lung cancer. We performed a case-control study on a sample of 235 healthy smokers and 239 healthy non-smokers in Saudi Arabia. The rs1801131 SNP genotypes were determined using a genotyping assay and multiple in silico algorithmic software programs were used to identify the effects and structural functions of the rs1801131 (Glu429Ala) mutation. Using chi-squared tests, we found that, among smokers, TG and GG genotype carriers had 0.209-fold (OR = 0.209, P < 0.005) and 0.427-fold (OR = 0.427, P = 0.003) lower risks of CS-related disease compared to TT reference genotypes. In addition, this protective effect was observed in Saudi smokers independent of age, gender, types of smoking, duration, and average daily smoking consumption. Filling a research gap by exploring this topic in the Saudi population, the current findings indicate that genotype and allele distributions of MTHFR rs1801131 polymorphism present fundamental protective effects against the risk of CS-related disease. These findings should be verified in future studies with larger sample sizes, different ethnicities, and patients suffering from CS-related diseases, such as oral cancer and lung cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mikhlid H. Almutairi
- Zoology Department, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box: 2455, 11451 Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nouf S. Al-Numair
- Department of Genetics, Research Center, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
- College of Medicine, Alfaisal University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Narasimha Reddy Parine
- Genome Research Chair, Department of Biochemistry, College of Science King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Bader O. Almutairi
- Zoology Department, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box: 2455, 11451 Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdulwahed F. Alrefaei
- Zoology Department, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box: 2455, 11451 Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mahmoud Rouabhia
- Groupe de Recherche en Écologie Buccale, Département de stomatologie, Faculté de Médecine Dentaire, Université Laval, Québec, Québec, Canada
| | - Abdelhabib Semlali
- Groupe de Recherche en Écologie Buccale, Département de stomatologie, Faculté de Médecine Dentaire, Université Laval, Québec, Québec, Canada
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12
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Park S, Yoon TW, Kang DR, Chung C. [Prevalence of Menstrual Disorders according to Body Mass Index and Lifestyle Factors: The National Health Insurance Service-National Health Screening Cohort in Korea, 2009~2016]. J Korean Acad Nurs 2021; 50:401-410. [PMID: 32632073 DOI: 10.4040/jkan.20054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2020] [Revised: 04/27/2020] [Accepted: 04/27/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE This study was performed to identify the prevalence of menstrual disorders in Korean women based on body mass index (BMI) and lifestyle factors, by utilizing the Korean National Health Insurance Database. METHODS A retrospective observational study design was used for the secondary data analysis. Data of women aged 15 to 49 years who were diagnosed with menstrual disorders were extracted from The National Health Insurance Service-National Health Screening Cohort in Korea from 2009 to 2016. The age-standardized prevalence rate of menstrual disorders was calculated using SAS version 9.4, and a Chi-square test and Cochran-Armitage test were performed. RESULTS In total, 2,219,445 cases were extracted from the database. The prevalence of menstrual disorders significantly increased from 8.6% to 11.6% (Z=135.16, p for trend <.001) over the past eight years. In particular, it was higher in underweight women than in women with normal weight across all years (Z=-4.18~-14.72, p<.001). Moreover, statistically significant differences in the prevalence of menstrual disorders were found to be associated with drinking and smoking in all years and with physical activity levels in part (p<.05~.001). CONCLUSION These findings present compelling evidence on the prevalence of menstrual disorders based on a national database. Since the prevalence of menstrual disorders has steadily increased and differs based on BMI and lifestyle factors, educational and clinical interventions are necessary to promote risk awareness and appropriate behavioral changes among Korean women.
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Affiliation(s)
- SoMi Park
- Department of Nursing, Wonju College of Medicine, Yonsei University, Wonju, Korea
| | - Tae Woong Yoon
- Department of Biostatistics, Wonju College of Medicine, Yonsei University, Wonju, Korea
| | - Dae Ryong Kang
- Department of Precision Medicine, Wonju College of Medicine, Yonsei University, Wonju, Korea
| | - ChaeWeon Chung
- College of Nursing · Research Institute of Nursing Science, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea.
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13
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Li J, Ji Z, Luo X, Li Y, Yuan P, Long J, Shen N, Lu Q, Zeng Q, Zhong R, Shen Y, Cheng L. Urinary bisphenol A and its interaction with ESR1 genetic polymorphism associated with non-small cell lung cancer: findings from a case-control study in Chinese population. CHEMOSPHERE 2020; 254:126835. [PMID: 32348927 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.126835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2020] [Revised: 04/07/2020] [Accepted: 04/16/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Bisphenol A (BPA), a well-known endocrine disruptor, was reported to promote migration and invasion of lung cancer cells, but findings in human study is absent. A case-control study in Chinese population was conducted to evaluate the association between BPA exposure and non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), and explore the interaction between BPA exposure and estrogen-related genetic polymorphism on NSCLC. BPA concentrations were measured in urine samples using an UHPLC-MS method and rs2046210 in estrogen receptor α (ESR1) gene was genotyped by TaqMan genotyping system. Logistic regression was performed to estimate odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CI) for the association analyses. As a result, 615 NSCLC cases and 615 healthy controls were enrolled from Wuhan, central China. The mean age was 58.0 (SD: 7.9) years old for controls and 59.2 (SD: 8.8) years old for cancer cases. The creatinine-adjusted BPA levels were significantly higher in NSCLC cases than that in healthy controls (median: 0.97 vs 0.73 μg/L, P < 0.001). Exposure to high levels of BPA was significantly associated with NSCLC (adjusted OR = 1.91, 95%CI: 1.39-2.62, P < 0.001 for the highest quartile). We also observed a shallow concave dose-response relationship about the overall association between BPA and NSCLC. Moreover, interaction analyses showed that BPA exposure interacted multiplicatively with rs2046210, with a marginal P value (P = 0.049), to contribute to NSCLC. In conclusion, exposure to high levels BPA may be associated with NSCLC and the relationship may be modified by genetic polymorphism in ESR1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaoyuan Li
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Zhi Ji
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Xia Luo
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Ying Li
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Peihong Yuan
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Jieyi Long
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Na Shen
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Qing Lu
- Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education & Ministry of Environmental Protection, State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (incubating), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Qiang Zeng
- Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education & Ministry of Environmental Protection, State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (incubating), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Rong Zhong
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Ying Shen
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.
| | - Liming Cheng
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.
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Trevisan C, Alessi A, Girotti G, Zanforlini BM, Bertocco A, Mazzochin M, Zoccarato F, Piovesan F, Dianin M, Giannini S, Manzato E, Sergi G. The Impact of Smoking on Bone Metabolism, Bone Mineral Density and Vertebral Fractures in Postmenopausal Women. J Clin Densitom 2020; 23:381-389. [PMID: 31350204 DOI: 10.1016/j.jocd.2019.07.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2019] [Revised: 07/03/2019] [Accepted: 07/08/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Smoking is recognized among the risk factors for osteoporosis, but only few studies have comprehensively explored its influence on bone metabolism and strength. We aimed to evaluate smoking effects on calcium-phosphate metabolism, bone mineral density (BMD) and fracture risk in postmenopausal women. METHODS Our sample included 1067 postmenopausal women who arrived to our osteoporosis outpatient clinic. Anamnestic data, smoking habits (categorized as never, former, and current; and by smoking intensity and duration), biochemical parameters, lumbar/femoral BMD, and presence of vertebral fractures were recorded. In a subsample of 357 women, the changes in BMD after a 2-yr follow-up period were also assessed. RESULTS Current smokers had shorter reproductive age, lower body mass index, and higher prevalence of heavy alcohol consumption than former/never smokers. They also had lower PTH values and weaker linear association between serum vitamin D and parathyroid hormone (current β = -0.11[SE = 0.004]; former β = -0.14[SE = 0.01]; never β = -0.20[SE = 0.003]; p < 0.01 for all). Baseline BMD did not reflect differences based on smoking habits, duration or intensity. However, after 2 years, only current smokers significantly worsened in femural BMD. After adjustment for confounders, the chance of having sustained vertebral fractures at the first evaluation increased by 74% (95% confidence interval:1.07-2.83) in current compared with never smokers, especially among heavy smokers. CONCLUSIONS Smoking may negatively affect bone by inhibiting vitamin D-parathyroid hormone axis, reducing estrogen exposure, promoting risky health behaviors, and accelerating bone loss, especially at the femur. No significant differences were observed in these outcomes among former smokers, suggesting that quitting smoking has beneficial effects on bone health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caterina Trevisan
- Department of Medicine (DIMED), Geriatrics Division, University of Padua, Padua, Italy.
| | - Agnese Alessi
- Department of Medicine (DIMED), Geriatrics Division, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
| | - Gaia Girotti
- Department of Medicine (DIMED), Geriatrics Division, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
| | | | - Anna Bertocco
- Department of Medicine (DIMED), Geriatrics Division, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
| | - Mattia Mazzochin
- Department of Medicine (DIMED), Geriatrics Division, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
| | - Francesca Zoccarato
- Department of Medicine (DIMED), Geriatrics Division, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
| | - Francesca Piovesan
- Department of Medicine (DIMED), Geriatrics Division, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
| | - Marta Dianin
- Department of Medicine (DIMED), Geriatrics Division, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
| | - Sandro Giannini
- Department of Medicine, ClinicaMedica 1, University of Padua and Regional Centre for Osteoporosis, Padua, Italy
| | - Enzo Manzato
- Department of Medicine (DIMED), Geriatrics Division, University of Padua, Padua, Italy; National Research Council, Neuroscience Institute, Padua, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Sergi
- Department of Medicine (DIMED), Geriatrics Division, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
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Silvia SC, Magnarelli G, Rovedatti MG. Evaluation of endocrine disruption and gestational disorders in women residing in areas with intensive pesticide application: An exploratory study. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY 2020; 73:103280. [PMID: 31683255 DOI: 10.1016/j.etap.2019.103280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2019] [Revised: 10/14/2019] [Accepted: 10/15/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The proximity to areas of intensive pesticide application is a risk factor that favors xenobiotic exposure. Pesticides may interfere with hormonal function and cause alterations in the reproductive system, pregnancy complications, and adverse fetal development. We evaluated potential endocrine disruption and the evolution of the third trimester of pregnancy in women residing in a rural area of Argentina with intense pesticide applications, and the characteristics of their newborns. Blood samples were collected from healthy women in the third trimester of pregnancy during the pesticide spraying (SP) (n = 26) and nonspraying (NSP) (n = 27) periods. Plasma cholinesterase activity and cortisol and DHEA-S levels were lower in SP than in NSP. The percentage of preterm premature rupture of membranes was higher in SP than in NSP. Macrosomia at birth was17% in both periods. This study reinforces the importance of preventing potential cases of cumulative toxicity during the perinatal period through monitoring and epidemiological studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Santa Cruz Silvia
- Sanatorio del Personal de Industrias Químicas. Belgrano 305, Cinco Saltos (8303), Río Negro, Argentina.
| | - Gladis Magnarelli
- Centro de Investigaciones en Toxicología Ambiental y Agrobiotecnología del Comahue (CITAAC), CONICET, Universidad Nacional del Comahue, Buenos Aires 1400, Neuquén, 8300, Argentina.
| | - María Gabriela Rovedatti
- Departamento de Biodiversidad y Biología Experimental, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Intendente Güiraldes 2160, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, C1428EGA, Argentina; Departamento de Química Biológica, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Intendente Güiraldes 2160, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, C1428EGA, Argentina.
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Sex-specific differences in pathophysiology, prevalence, and impact of cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors may explain the high cardiovascular mortality rates in women. RECENT FINDINGS We review the sex differences in traditional risk factors (dyslipidemia, hypertension, diabetes, and smoking) and nontraditional risk factors (menopause and hormones, pregnancy, inflammation and autoimmune diseases, anemia, depression, and migraines) and their prognostic and therapeutic implications. SUMMARY Recent research indicates that with respect to traditional risk factors such as dyslipidemia, hypertension, diabetes, and smoking, women appear to have a similar risk of CVD when compared to men. The risk is accelerated after menopause, possibly because of vascular and lipid profile changes. Pregnancy offers a unique opportunity and window to screen otherwise healthy women who may be at an increased risk of CVD in the future. Clinicians should be aware of other novel risk factors including inflammation, anemia, migraines, and depression, and further studies are warranted in order to identify therapeutic implications for these conditions and CVD risk.
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Gaskins AJ, Missmer SA, Rich-Edwards JW, Williams PL, Souter I, Chavarro JE. Demographic, lifestyle, and reproductive risk factors for ectopic pregnancy. Fertil Steril 2019; 110:1328-1337. [PMID: 30503132 DOI: 10.1016/j.fertnstert.2018.08.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2018] [Revised: 07/19/2018] [Accepted: 08/07/2018] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the relationship between demographic, lifestyle, and reproductive factors and the risk of ectopic pregnancy (EP). DESIGN Prospective cohort. SETTING United States. PATIENT(S) Nurses' Health Study II cohort comprising 41,440 pregnancies from 22,356 women. INTERVENTION(S) Demographic, lifestyle, and reproductive factors self-reported in 1989 then updated every 2 years. Multivariable log-binomial regression models with generalized estimating equations were used to estimate adjusted risk ratios (aRR). MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE(S) Ectopic pregnancy. RESULT(S) Incident EP was reported in 411 (1.0%) pregnancies. Former and current smokers had 1.22 (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.97-1.55) and 1.73 (95% CI, 1.28-2.32) times, respectively, the risk of EP compared with never smokers. The risk of EP 10 years after quitting was similar to never smokers (aRR 0.90; 95% CI, 0.60-1.33). Women consuming ≥10 g/day of alcohol had 1.50 (95% CI, 1.08-2.09) times the risk of EP compared with never consumers. In utero exposure to diethylstilbestrol (aRR 3.55; 95% CI, 2.51-5.01), earlier initiation of oral contraceptives (aRR 2.64; 95% CI, 1.70-4.09 for <16 years vs. never), intrauterine device use (aRR 3.99; 95% CI, 2.06-7.72), or history of infertility (aRR 3.03; 95% CI, 2.48-3.71) or tubal ligation (aRR 16.27; 95% CI, 11.76-22.53) also were associated with a higher risk of EP. CONCLUSION(S) Women who were current or former smokers, consumed ≥10 g/day of alcohol, were exposed to diethylstilbestrol in utero, initiated oral contraceptives at earlier than age 16 years (which may be a marker of riskier sexual behaviors), and who had a history of infertility, intrauterine device use, or tubal ligation had a higher risk of EP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Audrey J Gaskins
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts; Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts.
| | - Stacey A Missmer
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts; Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts; Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Biology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts; Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Biology, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Janet W Rich-Edwards
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts; Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts; Connors Center for Women's Health and Gender Biology, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Paige L Williams
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts; Department of Biostatistics, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Irene Souter
- Vincent Obstetrics and Gynecology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Jorge E Chavarro
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts; Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts; Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts
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Almutairi M, Mohammad Alhadeq A, Almeer R, Almutairi M, Alzahrani M, Semlali A. Effect of the thymine-DNA glycosylase rs4135050 variant on Saudi smoker population. Mol Genet Genomic Med 2019; 7:e00590. [PMID: 30779328 PMCID: PMC6465727 DOI: 10.1002/mgg3.590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2018] [Revised: 12/13/2018] [Accepted: 01/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Thymine‐DNA glycosylase (TDG) is an essential DNA‐repair enzyme which works in both epigenetic regulation and genome maintenance. It is also responsible for efficient correction of multiple endogenous DNA lesions which occur commonly in mammalian genomes. Research of genetic variants such as SNPs, resulting in disease, is predicted to yield clinical advancements through the identification of sensitive genetic markers and the development of disease prevention and therapy. To that end, the main objective of the present study is to identify the possible interactions between cigarette smoking and the rs4135050 variant of the TDG gene, situated in the intron position, among Saudi individuals. Methods TDG rs4135050 (A/T) was investigated by genotyping 239, and 235 blood specimens were obtained from nonsmokers and smokers of cigarette respectively. Results T allele frequency was found which showed a significant protective effect on Saudi male smokers (OR = 0.64, p = 0.0187) compared to nonsmoking subjects, but not in female smokers. Furthermore, smokers aged less than 29 years, the AT and AT+TT genotypes decreased more than four times the risk of initiation of smoking related‐diseases compare to the ancestral AA homozygous genotype. Paradoxically, the AT (OR = 3.88, p = 0.0169) and AT+TT (OR = 2.86, p = 0.0420) genotypes were present at a higher frequency in smoking patients aged more than 29 years as compared to nonsmokers at the same ages. Conclusion Depending on the gender and age of patients, TDG rs4135050 may provide a novel biomarker for the early diagnosis and prevention of several diseases caused by cigarette smoking.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mikhlid Almutairi
- Zoology Department, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Rafa Almeer
- Zoology Department, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed Almutairi
- Zoology Department, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed Alzahrani
- Biology Department, College of Science, Al Imam Mohammad Ibn Saud Islamic University (IMSIU), Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdelhabib Semlali
- Groupe de Recherche en Écologie Buccale, Université Laval, Québec, Québec, Canada.,Department of Biochemistry, College of Science, King Saud University, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, Riyadh
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Houghton LC, Sisti JS, Hankinson SE, Xie J, Xu X, Hoover RN, Eliassen AH, Ziegler RG. Estrogen Metabolism in Premenopausal Women Is Related to Early Life Body Fatness. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2018; 27:585-593. [PMID: 29511040 PMCID: PMC5932230 DOI: 10.1158/1055-9965.epi-17-0595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2017] [Revised: 10/04/2017] [Accepted: 02/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Estrogen metabolism in premenopausal women may be related to early life body fatness.Methods: Premenopausal women participating in the Nurses' Health Study II recalled their body fatness at ages 5, 10, and 20 years using a validated 9-level pictogram. Fifteen estrogens and estrogen metabolites (EM) were measured using LC/MS-MS in luteal phase urines from 603 women ages 32-54 years. Geometric means of individual EM, metabolic pathway groups, and pathway ratios were examined by body fatness categories using linear mixed models.Results: Body fatness at each age was inversely associated with adult concentrations of all EM combined, parent estrogens (estrone, estradiol), and the 2-hydroxylation pathway. Women in the top (vs. bottom) category of body fatness at age 10 had 21% lower levels of all EM (Ptrend = 0.003), 24% lower parent estrogens (Ptrend = 0.002), and 36% lower 2-pathway (Ptrend = 0.0003). Body fatness at age 10 was inversely associated with 2-catechols (35% lower, Ptrend = 0.0004) and 2-methylated catechols (30% lower, Ptrend = 0.002). After adjusting for premenopausal body mass index (BMI), these associations remained inverse but were attenuated; only parent estrogens remained statistically significant (21% lower, Ptrend = 0.01). Body fatness at ages 5 and 20 were similarly, but more weakly, associated with estrogen pathways.Conclusions: Estimates of body fatness during early life were inversely associated with premenopausal levels of all EM combined, parent estrogens, and 2-pathway estrogen metabolites. These relationships were not fully explained by adult BMI.Impact: These findings inform investigations of diseases linked to early life body fatness and estrogen metabolism. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev; 27(5); 585-93. ©2018 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauren C Houghton
- Department of Epidemiology, Columbia University Mailman School of Public Health, New York, New York.
| | - Julia S Sisti
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Susan E Hankinson
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
- Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, School of Public Health and Health Sciences, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Massachusetts
| | | | - Xia Xu
- Cancer Research Technology Program, Leidos Biomedical Research, Inc., Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, Maryland
| | - Robert N Hoover
- Department of Epidemiology, Columbia University Mailman School of Public Health, New York, New York
| | - A Heather Eliassen
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Regina G Ziegler
- Department of Epidemiology, Columbia University Mailman School of Public Health, New York, New York
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20
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Michels KA, Pfeiffer RM, Brinton LA, Trabert B. Modification of the Associations Between Duration of Oral Contraceptive Use and Ovarian, Endometrial, Breast, and Colorectal Cancers. JAMA Oncol 2018; 4:516-521. [PMID: 29346467 PMCID: PMC5885214 DOI: 10.1001/jamaoncol.2017.4942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2017] [Accepted: 11/06/2017] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Abstract
IMPORTANCE Although oral contraceptive (OC) use is common, the influence of OC use on carcinogenesis is not fully understood. A recent Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality report identified a need to understand the consistency of OC use and cancer associations across subpopulations, including smokers and obese women. OBJECTIVE To determine whether associations between duration of OC use and risk of specific cancers were modified by lifestyle characteristics. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS The prospective NIH-AARP Diet and Health Study (enrolled 1995-1996, followed until 2011), with population-based recruitment of AARP members in 6 states and 2 metropolitan areas. All analyses included at least 100 000 women who reported OC use at enrollment. We identified 1241 ovarian, 2337 endometrial, 11 114 breast, and 3507 colorectal cancer cases during follow-up. Data analysis was performed between September 2016 and April 2017. EXPOSURES Duration of OC use (never or <1 year [reference], 1-4, 5-9, or ≥10 years). MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES Development of ovarian, endometrial, breast, and colorectal cancers. We examined effect modification by modifiable lifestyle characteristics: cigarette smoking, alcohol consumption, body mass index (BMI), and physical activity. We used Cox models adjusted for age, race, age at menarche, and the modifiers of interest. RESULTS The analytic population was aged 50 to 71 years (median, 62 years) at enrollment and largely white (91%) and postmenopausal (96%). For ovarian cancer, OC use-associated risk reductions strengthened with duration of use (long-term OC use [≥10 years] HR, 0.60; 95% CI, 0.47-0.76; P < .001 for trend) and were similar across modifiable lifestyle factors. Risk reductions for endometrial cancer strengthened with duration of use (long-term OC use HR, 0.66; 95% CI, 0.56-0.78; P < .001 for trend); the most pronounced reductions were among long-term OC users who were smokers (HR, 0.47; 95% CI, 0.25-0.88), had obese BMIs (0.36; 95% CI, 0.25-0.52), and who exercised rarely (HR, 0.40; 95% CI, 0.29-0.56). Associations between OC use and breast and colorectal cancers were predominantly null. CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE Long-term OC use is consistently associated with reduced ovarian cancer risk across lifestyle factors. We observed the greatest risk reductions for endometrial cancer among women at risk for chronic diseases (ie, smokers, obese BMI). Oral contraceptive use may be beneficial for chemoprevention for a range of women with differing baseline cancer risks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kara A. Michels
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Ruth M. Pfeiffer
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Louise A. Brinton
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Britton Trabert
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
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Andersson G, Borgquist S, Jirström K. Hormonal factors and pancreatic cancer risk in women: The Malmö Diet and Cancer Study. Int J Cancer 2018; 143:52-62. [PMID: 29424426 PMCID: PMC5969235 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.31302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2017] [Revised: 12/13/2017] [Accepted: 02/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
The incidence of pancreatic cancer is leveling between sexes. Smoking, high age and heredity are established risk factors, but evidence regarding the influence of hormonal factors is unclear. In this study, we investigated the associations of reproductive factors, use of oral contraceptives (OC) and hormone replacement therapy (HRT) with pancreatic cancer risk in the Malmö Diet and Cancer Study, a prospective, population‐based cohort encompassing 17,035 women. Up until 31 December 2015, 110 women were identified with incident pancreatic cancer through the Swedish Cancer Registry. Higher age at menarche was significantly associated with pancreatic cancer risk (age‐adjusted [hazard ratio] HR = 1.17; 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.04–1.32, and fully adjusted HR = 1.17; 95% CI 1.04–1.32). Ever use of OC was not significantly associated with pancreatic cancer risk but ever use of HRT was significantly associated with a decreased risk of pancreatic cancer (age‐adjusted HR = 0.47, 95% CI 0.23–0.97, and fully adjusted HR = 0.48, 95% CI 0.23–1.00), in particular use of estrogen‐only regimen (age‐adjusted HR = 0.21; 95% CI 0.05–0.87 and fully adjusted HR = 0.22; 95% CI 0.05–0.90). Age at menopause or first childbirth, parity and breastfeeding history were not significantly associated with pancreatic cancer risk. Collectively, these findings suggest a protective role of female hormones against pancreatic cancer. Further studies are needed, and potential modifying genetic factors and indirect hazardous effects of smoking should also be considered. What's new? Female hormones appear to protect against pancreatic cancer, at least in Sweden. Numerous studies have investigated the relationship between the two, but no clear picture has yet emerged. These authors used data from the Malmö Diet and Cancer study, looking for correlations between hormone levels and cancer risk. They found that a younger start to menstruation—indicating an earlier boost in estrogen—correlated with less chance of developing pancreatic cancer. Use of hormone replacement therapy, particularly estrogen‐only therapy, significantly reduced risk among postmenopausal women. Breastfeeding, oral contraceptive use and parity did not appear to affect pancreatic cancer risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gustav Andersson
- Division of Oncology and Pathology, Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Signe Borgquist
- Division of Oncology and Pathology, Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Lund, Sweden.,Clinical Trial Unit, Skåne University Hospital, Lund, Sweden
| | - Karin Jirström
- Division of Oncology and Pathology, Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
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22
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Bae J, Park S, Kwon JW. Factors associated with menstrual cycle irregularity and menopause. BMC WOMENS HEALTH 2018; 18:36. [PMID: 29409520 PMCID: PMC5801702 DOI: 10.1186/s12905-018-0528-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2017] [Accepted: 01/29/2018] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Background A regular menstrual cycle is an important indicator of a healthy reproductive system. Previous studies reported obesity, stress, and smoking as the factors that are associated with irregular menstruation and early menopause. However, the integrative effects of these modifiable risk factors have not been fully understood. This study aimed to investigate the modifiable risk factors of menstrual cycle irregularity and premature menopause, as well as their individual and combined effects among adult women in Korea. Method This study selected adult women aged 19 years and above who had been included in the 2007–2014 Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. We used a separate dataset to analyze the risk factors of menstrual cycle irregularity and menopause (pre- and postmenopausal women: n = 4788 and n = 10,697, respectively). Univariate and multiple logistic regression analyses were conducted to evaluate the effects of smoking, drinking, obesity, and perceived level of stress on the menstrual cycle and menopause. Both logit and linear models were used in the analyses of the association between smoking and menopausal age. Equivalized household income, marital status, and educational level were considered as covariates. The modifiable risk factor scores were also calculated to integrate the effect of smoking, drinking, and obesity in the analysis. Result Results showed that smoking status, pack-year, obesity, and perceived level of stress were significantly associated with irregular menstruation among premenopausal women. Especially, women demonstrating > 3 modifiable risk factor scores had 1.7 times higher risk of having irregular menstruation than those who had a 0 score. Meanwhile, early initiation of smoking (≤19 years) and high pack-year (≥5) were also significantly associated with premature menopause among postmenopausal women. Conclusion This study demonstrated that modifiable risk factors, such as smoking, obesity, and stress, were significantly associated with menstrual cycle irregularity. Lifetime smoking was also correlated with early menopause. Our results suggested that healthier lifestyle practices, including, cessation of smoking, weight control, and stress management, were important factors in improving the reproductive health of women throughout life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinju Bae
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyungpook National University, 80 Daehak-ro, Daegu, 41566, South Korea
| | - Susan Park
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyungpook National University, 80 Daehak-ro, Daegu, 41566, South Korea
| | - Jin-Won Kwon
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyungpook National University, 80 Daehak-ro, Daegu, 41566, South Korea.
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23
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van den Brandt PA. Coffee or Tea? A prospective cohort study on the associations of coffee and tea intake with overall and cause-specific mortality in men versus women. Eur J Epidemiol 2018; 33:183-200. [PMID: 29380105 PMCID: PMC5871637 DOI: 10.1007/s10654-018-0359-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2017] [Accepted: 01/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Coffee and tea intake have been associated with reduced mortality, but no studies have investigated possible substitution effects. The relationship of mortality with coffee, tea, and substituting coffee with tea was investigated in the Netherlands Cohort Study. In 1986, 120,852 men and women aged 55-69 years provided information on dietary and lifestyle habits. Mortality follow-up until 1996 consisted of linkage to Statistics Netherlands. Multivariate case-cohort analyses were based on 8665 deaths and 3166 subcohort members with complete data on coffee, tea and confounders. Higher coffee intake was significantly, nonlinearly related to lower overall and cause-specific mortality in women. In men, coffee was significantly positively related to cancer and cardiovascular mortality, and inversely to respiratory and other causes of death. Tea intake was significantly, nonlinearly related to lower overall, cancer and cardiovascular mortality in men, but showed no association with mortality in women. In substitution analyses, increasing the proportion tea (replacing coffee with tea) was significantly and nonlinearly related to lower overall, cancer and cardiovascular mortality in men, but in women higher tea proportions were positively associated with overall mortality (and most causes of death). This study suggests that for men, compared to exclusive coffee drinkers, those drinking 30-50% tea showed the lowest mortality; any tea drinking seemed better than only coffee. For women, those who drank exclusively coffee or drinking up to 40% tea had the lowest mortality, but those drinking higher percentages of tea were at increased mortality risk [HR = 1.41 (95% CI 1.01-1.99) for 80-100% tea compared to exclusive coffee drinkers].
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Affiliation(s)
- Piet A van den Brandt
- Department of Epidemiology, GROW-School for Oncology and Developmental Biology, Maastricht University Medical Centre, PO Box 616, 6200 MD, Maastricht, The Netherlands. .,Department of Epidemiology, CAPHRI-School for Public Health and Primary Care, Maastricht University Medical Centre, PO Box 616, 6200 MD, Maastricht, The Netherlands.
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24
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Peng J, Meireles SI, Xu X, Smith WE, Slifker MJ, Riel SL, Zhai S, Zhang G, Ma X, Kurzer MS, Ma GX, Clapper ML. Estrogen metabolism in the human lung: impact of tumorigenesis, smoke, sex and race/ethnicity. Oncotarget 2017; 8:106778-106789. [PMID: 29290988 PMCID: PMC5739773 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.22269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2017] [Accepted: 09/30/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Previous data from this group demonstrate that the murine lung metabolizes estrogen. Production of the putative carcinogen 4-hydroxyestrogen (4-OHE) is elevated within the lungs of female vs. male mice and accelerated by tobacco smoke. The goal of this study was to determine if the human lung metabolizes estrogen and evaluate the impact of tumor formation, smoke, sex and race/ethnicity on metabolism. Urine and lung tissue (normal, tumor) were obtained from 49 non-small cell lung cancer patients. Healthy postmenopausal Caucasian (n = 19) and Chinese (n = 20) American women (never-smokers) donated urine. Quantitative RT-PCR analyses indicate that multiple estrogen synthesis and metabolism genes are expressed in human bronchoalveolar cells. Estrogen and its metabolites were measured in lung tissue and urine using liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry. Wilcoxon rank tests were used for statistical comparisons. E1, E2, E3 and estrogen metabolites 2-OHE1, 2-OHE2, 4-OHE1, 4-OHE2, 2-OME1 and 2-OME2 were detected at higher levels in tumor vs. adjacent normal tissue and in women vs. men (P < 0.05). The proportion of 4-OHEs was higher in tumors than in normal lung tissue (P < 0.05), and elevated in normal tissue from current- vs. never-smoking women (P = 0.006); similar trends were observed in urine. The proportion of 4-OHEs in the urine of postmenopausal Chinese American women was 1.8-fold higher than that of Caucasian women (P = 0.015). These data indicate that estrogen metabolites are present in the human lung. A shift towards 4-hydroxylation during lung tumorigenesis may contribute to the risk conferred by smoking, sex or race/ethnicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Peng
- Cancer Prevention and Control Program, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA 19111, USA
| | - Sibele I Meireles
- Cancer Prevention and Control Program, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA 19111, USA
| | - Xia Xu
- Leidos Biomedical Research, Inc., Frederick, MD 21701, USA
| | - William E Smith
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition and Department of Medicine, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN 55108, USA
| | - Michael J Slifker
- Cancer Prevention and Control Program, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA 19111, USA
| | - Stacy L Riel
- Cancer Prevention and Control Program, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA 19111, USA
| | - Shumenghui Zhai
- Center for Asian Health, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA
| | - Guo Zhang
- Center for Asian Health, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA
| | - Xiang Ma
- Center for Asian Health, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA
| | - Mindy S Kurzer
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition and Department of Medicine, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN 55108, USA
| | - Grace X Ma
- Center for Asian Health, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA
| | - Margie L Clapper
- Cancer Prevention and Control Program, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA 19111, USA
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25
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van den Brandt PA. A possible dual effect of cigarette smoking on the risk of postmenopausal breast cancer. Eur J Epidemiol 2017; 32:683-690. [PMID: 28710542 PMCID: PMC5591344 DOI: 10.1007/s10654-017-0282-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2017] [Accepted: 07/01/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Smoking seems modestly associated with breast cancer, but the potential dual effect of smoking (with opposing properties: carcinogenic vs anti-estrogenic) is understudied. The relationship between smoking before and after menopause and risk of postmenopausal breast cancer was investigated in the Netherlands Cohort Study (NLCS). In the NLCS, 62,573 women aged 55–69 years provided information on smoking, dietary and other lifestyle habits in 1986. Follow-up for cancer incidence until 2007 (20.3 years) consisted of record linkages with the Netherlands Cancer Registry and the Dutch Pathology Registry PALGA. Multivariate case-cohort analyses were based on 2526 incident breast cancer cases and 1816 subcohort members with complete data on smoking. When smoking during pre- and postmenopausal periods was mutually adjusted for, breast cancer risk was significantly positively associated with premenopausal smoking pack-years, but inversely associated with postmenopausal smoking pack-years, both in a dose-dependent manner. In continuous analyses, the hazard ratios (95% CI) were 1.35 (1.10–1.65), and 0.47 (0.28–0.80) per increment of 20 premenopausal, and postmenopausal pack-years, respectively. The interaction between pre- and postmenopausal pack-years in relation to breast cancer risk was significant (P < 0.001). This study highlights the importance of distinguishing and adjusting for smoking in different life periods, and suggests dual effects of smoking on postmenopausal breast cancer risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Piet A van den Brandt
- Department of Epidemiology, GROW- School for Oncology and Developmental Biology, Maastricht University Medical Centre, PO Box 616, 6200, MD, Maastricht, The Netherlands. .,Department of Epidemiology, CAPHRI- School for Public Health and Primary Care, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, The Netherlands.
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26
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Xiong W, Zhao J, Wang L, Jiang X. UPLC-MS/MS method for the determination of tobacco-specific biomarker NNAL, tamoxifen and its main metabolites in rat plasma. Biomed Chromatogr 2017; 31. [PMID: 27862094 DOI: 10.1002/bmc.3890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2016] [Revised: 09/20/2016] [Accepted: 11/03/2016] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Cigarette smoke is known to interact with tamoxifen-metabolizing enzymes and transporters and potentially affect its treatment outcome. 4-(N-nitrosomethylamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanol (NNAL) is an important metabolite of 4-(methylnitro-samino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanone (NNK) because it is frequently used as a biomarker to assess human smoke exposure. In order to study the potential pharmacokinetic interaction between cigarette smoke and tamoxifen in rats a UPLC-MS/MS method for the simultaneous determination of NNAL and tamoxifen along with its metabolites in rat plasma has been developed and validated. Analytes were extracted with methanol and separated on a HSS T3 column by a gradient elution with the mobile phase consisting of acetonitrile and water. The lower limits of quantitation ranged from 0.05 to 0.62 ng/mL. Precisions showed RSD <15.8% and accuracy in the range 80.6-116.0%. Mean analyte recoveries ranged from 76.9 to 108.4%. The method was successfully applied to study the effects of cigarette smoke condensate (CSC), NNK and benzo(a)pyrene pre-treatment on the pharmacokinetics of tamoxifen and its metabolites in rats. Significant effects of CSC, NNK, benzo(a)pyrene were observed on pharmacokinetics of tamoxifen and its metabolites. We also found that plasma NNAL levels are statistically significant correlated with plasma 4-hydroxy-tamoxifen and endoxifen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Xiong
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Pharmacy School of Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- Sichuan Tobacco Quality Supervision and Testing Station, Chengdu, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiajia Zhao
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Pharmacy School of Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Ling Wang
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Pharmacy School of Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Xuehua Jiang
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Pharmacy School of Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
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27
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Crawford NM, Pritchard DA, Herring AH, Steiner AZ. Prospective evaluation of luteal phase length and natural fertility. Fertil Steril 2017; 107:749-755. [PMID: 28065408 DOI: 10.1016/j.fertnstert.2016.11.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2016] [Revised: 11/21/2016] [Accepted: 11/22/2016] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the impact of a short luteal phase on fecundity. DESIGN Prospective time-to-pregnancy cohort study. SETTING Not applicable. PATIENT(S) Women trying to conceive, ages 30-44 years, without known infertility. INTERVENTION(S) Daily diaries, ovulation prediction testing, standardized pregnancy testing. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE(S) Subsequent cycle fecundity. RESULT(S) Included in the analysis were 1,635 cycles from 284 women. A short luteal phase (≤11 days including the day of ovulation) occurred in 18% of observed cycles. Mean luteal phase length was 14 days. Significantly more women with a short luteal phase were smokers. After adjustment for age, women with a short luteal phase had 0.82 times the odds of pregnancy in the subsequent cycle immediately following the short luteal phase compared with women without a short luteal phase. Women with a short luteal length in the first observed cycle had significantly lower fertility after the first 6 months of pregnancy attempt, but at 12 months there was no significant difference in cumulative probability of pregnancy. CONCLUSION(S) Although an isolated cycle with a short luteal phase may negatively affect short-term fertility, incidence of infertility at 12 months was not significantly higher among these women. CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER NCT01028365.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalie M Crawford
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina.
| | - David A Pritchard
- Department of Biostatistics, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Amy H Herring
- Department of Biostatistics, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Anne Z Steiner
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
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28
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Gu F, Derkach A, Freedman ND, Landi MT, Albanes D, Weinstein SJ, Mondul AM, Matthews CE, Guertin KA, Xiao Q, Zheng W, Shu XO, Sampson JN, Moore SC, Caporaso NE. Cigarette smoking behaviour and blood metabolomics. Int J Epidemiol 2016; 45:1421-1432. [PMID: 26721601 PMCID: PMC5100605 DOI: 10.1093/ije/dyv330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/18/2015] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Identifying circulating metabolites related to cigarette smoking may provide insight into the biological mechanisms of smoking-related diseases and the nature of addiction. However, previous studies are limited, generally small, and have largely targeted a priori metabolites. METHODS We examined associations between cigarette smoking and metabolites using an untargeted metabolomics approach in 892 men and women from four studies including participants from Italy, USA, China and Finland. We examined associations between individual log-transformed metabolites and two key smoking phenotypes (current smoking status and cigarettes per day [cig/day]) using linear regression. Fixed-effect meta-analysis was used to combine results across studies. Strict Bonferroni thresholds were used as our significance criteria. We further examined associated metabolites with other metrics of smoking behaviuor (current versus former, former versus never, smoking duration and years since quitting) in the US study. RESULTS We identified a total of 25 metabolites associated with smoking behaviours; 24 were associated with current smoking status and eight with cig/day. In addition to three well-established nicotine metabolites (cotinine, hydroxycotinine, cotinine N-oxide), we found an additional 12 xenobiotic metabolites involved in benzoatic (e.g. 3-ethylphenylsulphate) or xanthine metabolism (e.g. 1-methylurate), three amino acids (o-cresol sulphate, serotonin, indolepropionate), two lipids (scyllo-inositol, pregnenolone sulphate), four vitamins or cofactors [e.g. bilirubin (Z,Z)], and one carbohydrate (oxalate). CONCLUSIONS We identified associations between cigarette smoking and a diverse range of metabolites. Our findings, with further validation in future studies, have implications regarding aetiology and study design of smoking-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fangyi Gu
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA,
| | - Andriy Derkach
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Neal D Freedman
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Maria Teresa Landi
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Demetrius Albanes
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Stephanie J Weinstein
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Alison M Mondul
- School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA and
| | - Charles E Matthews
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Kristin A Guertin
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Qian Xiao
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Wei Zheng
- Cancer Epidemiology Research Program, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Xiao-Ou Shu
- Cancer Epidemiology Research Program, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Joshua N Sampson
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Steven C Moore
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Neil E Caporaso
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
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Hartman TJ, Sisti JS, Hankinson SE, Xu X, Eliassen AH, Ziegler R. Alcohol Consumption and Urinary Estrogens and Estrogen Metabolites in Premenopausal Women. HORMONES & CANCER 2016; 7:65-74. [PMID: 26728472 PMCID: PMC4729640 DOI: 10.1007/s12672-015-0249-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2015] [Accepted: 12/16/2015] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
In a cross-sectional analysis, we evaluated the associations of usual total alcohol and wine intake with a comprehensive profile of mid-luteal phase urinary estrogens and estrogen metabolites (referred to jointly as EM) in a sample of 603 premenopausal women participating in the Nurses' Health Study II (NHSII). A total of 15 individual EM (pmol/mg creatinine) were measured by a liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) method with high accuracy and reproducibility. We used linear mixed models to calculate the adjusted geometric means of individual EM, EM grouped by metabolic pathways, and pathway ratios by category of alcohol intake with non-drinkers of alcohol as the referent. Total alcohol intake was not associated with total EM but was positively associated with estradiol (26% higher among women consuming >15 g/day vs. non-drinkers; P trend = 0.03). Wine consumption was positively associated with a number of EM measures including estradiol (22% higher among women consuming ≥ 5 drinks/week vs. non-drinkers, P trend < 0.0001). In conclusion, the total alcohol intake was positively and significantly associated with urinary estradiol levels. Some differences in urinary estrogen metabolites were observed with wine drinking, when compared with non-drinkers. This study strengthens the evidence that alcohol consumption might play a role in breast cancer and other estrogen-related conditions. Additional studies of premenopausal women are needed to further explore the association of alcohol, particularly the specific types of alcohol, on patterns of estrogen metabolism in blood, urine, and tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Terryl J Hartman
- Department of Epidemiology, Rollins School of Public Health & Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University, 1518 Clifton Road NE, CNR #3035, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA.
| | - Julia S Sisti
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Susan E Hankinson
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Division of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, School of Public Health and Health Sciences, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA, USA
| | - Xia Xu
- Cancer Research Technology Program, Leidos Biomedical Research, Inc., Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD, USA
| | - A Heather Eliassen
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Regina Ziegler
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
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30
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Weinberger AH, Smith PH, Allen SS, Cosgrove KP, Saladin ME, Gray KM, Mazure CM, Wetherington CL, McKee SA. Systematic and meta-analytic review of research examining the impact of menstrual cycle phase and ovarian hormones on smoking and cessation. Nicotine Tob Res 2015; 17:407-21. [PMID: 25762750 DOI: 10.1093/ntr/ntu249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION To determine the effect of ovarian hormones on smoking, we conducted a systematic review of menstrual cycle effects on smoking (i.e., ad lib smoking, smoking topography, and subjective effects) and cessation-related behaviors (i.e., cessation, withdrawal, tonic craving, and cue-induced craving). METHODS Thirty-six papers were identified on MEDLINE that included a menstrual-related search term (e.g., menstrual cycle, ovarian hormones), a smoking-related search term (e.g., smoking, nicotine), and met all inclusion criteria. Thirty-two studies examined menstrual phase, 1 study measured hormone levels, and 3 studies administered progesterone. RESULTS Sufficient data were available to conduct meta-analyses for only 2 of the 7 variables: withdrawal and tonic craving. Women reported greater withdrawal during the luteal phase than during the follicular phase, and there was a nonsignificant trend for greater tonic craving in the luteal phase. Progesterone administration was associated with decreased positive and increased negative subjective effects of nicotine. Studies of menstrual phase effects on the other outcome variables were either small in number or yielded mixed outcomes. CONCLUSIONS The impact of menstrual cycle phase on smoking behavior and cessation is complicated, and insufficient research is available upon which to conduct meta-analyses on most smoking outcomes. Future progress will require collecting ovarian hormone levels to more precisely quantify the impact of dynamic changes in hormone levels through the cycle on smoking behavior. Clarifying the relationship between hormones and smoking-particularly related to quitting, relapse, and medication response-could determine the best type and timing of interventions to improve quit rates for women.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Philip H Smith
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT
| | - Sharon S Allen
- Women's Health Research at Yale, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT
| | - Kelly P Cosgrove
- Department of Family Medicine and Community Health, Medical School, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN
| | - Michael E Saladin
- Departments of Psychiatry, Diagnostic Radiology, and Neurobiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT
| | - Kevin M Gray
- Departments of Health Sciences and Research and Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC
| | - Carolyn M Mazure
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT; Women's Health Research at Yale, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT
| | - Cora Lee Wetherington
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC
| | - Sherry A McKee
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT
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Rauchen und Östrogene. GYNAKOLOGISCHE ENDOKRINOLOGIE 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/s10304-015-0015-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Oh H, Smith-Warner SA, Tamimi RM, Wang M, Xu X, Hankinson SE, Fuhrman BJ, Ziegler RG, Eliassen AH. Dietary Fat and Fiber Intakes Are Not Associated with Patterns of Urinary Estrogen Metabolites in Premenopausal Women. J Nutr 2015; 145:2109-16. [PMID: 26180245 PMCID: PMC4548163 DOI: 10.3945/jn.115.212779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2015] [Revised: 04/02/2015] [Accepted: 06/18/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Interindividual differences in the bioavailability of potentially carcinogenic estrogen and estrogen metabolites (EMs) may play a role in the risk of breast cancer. OBJECTIVE We examined whether dietary intakes of fiber and fat influence premenopausal EM profiles through effects on estrogen synthesis, metabolism, or excretion. METHODS We conducted a cross-sectional analysis of 598 premenopausal women who participated in a reproducibility study (n = 109) or served as controls in a nested case-control study of breast cancer (n = 489) within the Nurses' Health Study II. Dietary intakes of fiber and fat were assessed via semiquantitative food frequency questionnaires in 1995 and 1999. Midluteal urine samples were collected between 1996 and 1999 and EMs were quantified with the use of HPLC-tandem mass spectrometry. Linear mixed models were used to estimate creatinine-adjusted geometric means for individual EMs and their pathway groups across categories of dietary intake while controlling for total energy intake and potential confounders. RESULTS Higher total dietary fiber intake (>25 g/d vs. ≤15 g/d) was associated with significantly higher concentrations of 4-methoxyestradiol (50% difference, P-difference = 0.01, P-trend = 0.004) and lower concentrations of 17-epiestriol (-27% difference, P-difference = 0.03, P-trend = 0.03), but was not associated with any other EMs. The associations did not vary by fiber intake from different sources. Total fat intake (>35% energy vs. ≤25% energy) was suggestively positively associated with 17-epiestriol (22.6% difference, P-difference = 0.14, P-trend = 0.06); the association was significant for polyunsaturated fatty acid (37% difference, P-difference = 0.01, P-trend = 0.01) and trans fat (36.1% difference, P-difference = 0.01, P-trend = 0.01) intakes. CONCLUSION Fiber and fat intakes were not strongly associated with patterns of estrogen metabolism in premenopausal women. Our data suggest estrogen metabolism is not a major mechanism through which dietary fiber and fat may affect breast or other hormone-related cancer risks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannah Oh
- Department of Epidemiology, Department of Nutrition, and Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA;
| | | | - Rulla M Tamimi
- Department of Epidemiology, Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Molin Wang
- Department of Epidemiology, Department of Biostatistics, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA; Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Xia Xu
- Cancer Research Technology Program, Leidos Biomedical Research, Inc., Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD
| | - Susan E Hankinson
- Department of Epidemiology, Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; Division of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA
| | - Barbara J Fuhrman
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD; and Department of Epidemiology, Fay W Boozman College of Public Health, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR
| | - Regina G Ziegler
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD; and
| | - A Heather Eliassen
- Department of Epidemiology, Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
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Sisti JS, Hankinson SE, Caporaso NE, Gu F, Tamimi RM, Rosner B, Xu X, Ziegler R, Eliassen AH. Caffeine, coffee, and tea intake and urinary estrogens and estrogen metabolites in premenopausal women. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2015; 24:1174-83. [PMID: 26063478 PMCID: PMC4526325 DOI: 10.1158/1055-9965.epi-15-0246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2015] [Accepted: 05/22/2015] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Prior studies have found weak inverse associations between breast cancer and caffeine and coffee intake, possibly mediated through their effects on sex hormones. METHODS High-performance liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry was used to quantify levels of 15 individual estrogens and estrogen metabolites (EM) among 587 premenopausal women in the Nurses' Health Study II with mid-luteal phase urine samples and caffeine, coffee, and/or tea intakes from self-reported food frequency questionnaires. Multivariate linear mixed models were used to estimate geometric means of individual EM, pathways, and ratios by intake categories, and P values for tests of linear trend. RESULTS Compared with women in the lowest quartile of caffeine consumption, those in the top quartile had higher urinary concentrations of 16α-hydroxyestrone (28% difference; Ptrend = 0.01) and 16-epiestriol (13% difference; Ptrend = 0.04), and a decreased parent estrogens/2-, 4-, 16-pathway ratio (Ptrend = 0.03). Coffee intake was associated with higher 2-catechols, including 2-hydroxyestradiol (57% difference, ≥4 cups/day vs. ≤6 cups/week; Ptrend = 0.001) and 2-hydroxyestrone (52% difference; Ptrend = 0.001), and several ratio measures. Decaffeinated coffee was not associated with 2-pathway metabolism, but women in the highest (vs. lowest) category of intake (≥2 cups/day vs. ≤1-3 cups/month) had significantly lower levels of two 16-pathway metabolites, estriol (25% difference; Ptrend = 0.01) and 17-epiestriol (48% difference; Ptrend = 0.0004). Tea intake was positively associated with 17-epiestriol (52% difference; Ptrend = 0.01). CONCLUSION Caffeine and coffee intake were both associated with profiles of estrogen metabolism in premenopausal women. IMPACT Consumption of caffeine and coffee may alter patterns of premenopausal estrogen metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia S Sisti
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts.
| | - Susan E Hankinson
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts. Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts. Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, School of Public Health and Health Sciences, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Massachusetts
| | - Neil E Caporaso
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Fangyi Gu
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Rulla M Tamimi
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts. Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Bernard Rosner
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Xia Xu
- Cancer Research Technology Program, Leidos Biomedical Research, Inc., Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, Maryland
| | - Regina Ziegler
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - A Heather Eliassen
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts. Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
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Abstract
Introduction Mammographic density (MD) is considered a strong predictor of Breast Cancer (BC). The objective of the present study is to explore the association between MD and the compliance with the World Cancer Research Fund and the American Institute for Cancer Research (WCRF/AICR) recommendations for cancer prevention. Methods Data of 3584 women attending screening from a population-based multicenter cross-sectional study (DDM-Spain) collected from October 7, 2007 through July 14, 2008, was used to calculate a score that measures the level of compliance with the WCRF/AICR recommendations: R1)Maintain adequate body weight; R2)Be physically active; 3R)Limit the intake of high density foods; R4)Eat mostly plant foods; R5)Limit the intake of animal foods; R6)Limit alcohol intake; R7)Limit salt and salt preserved food intake; R8)Meet nutritional needs through diet. The association between the score and MD (assessed by a single radiologist using a semi-quantitative scale) was evaluated using ordinal logistic models with random center-specific intercepts adjusted for the main determinants of MD. Stratified analyses by menopausal status and smoking status were also carried out. Results A higher compliance with the WCRF/AICR recommendations was associated with lower MD (OR1-unit increase = 0.93 95%CI:0.86;0.99). The association was stronger in postmenopausal women (OR = 0.91 95%CI:0.84;0.99) and nonsmokers (OR = 0.87;95%CI:0.80;0.96 for nonsmokers, OR = 1.01 95%CI:0.91;1.12 for smokers, P-interaction = 0.042). Among nonsmokers, maintaining adequate body weight (OR = 0.81 95%CI:0.65;1.01), practicing physical activity (OR = 0.68 95%CI:0.48;0.96) and moderating the intake of high-density foods (OR = 0.58 95%CI:0.40;0.86) and alcoholic beverages (OR = 0.76 95%CI:0.55;1.05) were the recommendations showing the strongest associations with MD. Conclusions postmenopausal women and non-smokers with greater compliance with the WCRF/AICR guidelines have lower MD. These results may provide guidance to design specific recommendations for screening attendants with high MD and therefore at higher risk of developing BC.
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35
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Cote ML, Alhajj T, Ruterbusch JJ, Bernstein L, Brinton LA, Blot WJ, Chen C, Gass M, Gaussoin S, Henderson B, Lee E, Horn-Ross PL, Kolonel LN, Kaunitz A, Liang X, Nicholson WK, Park AB, Petruzella S, Rebbeck TR, Setiawan VW, Signorello LB, Simon MS, Weiss NS, Wentzensen N, Yang HP, Zeleniuch-Jacquotte A, Olson SH. Risk factors for endometrial cancer in black and white women: a pooled analysis from the Epidemiology of Endometrial Cancer Consortium (E2C2). Cancer Causes Control 2015; 26:287-296. [PMID: 25534916 PMCID: PMC4528374 DOI: 10.1007/s10552-014-0510-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2014] [Accepted: 12/09/2014] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Endometrial cancer (EC) is the most common gynecologic cancer in the USA. Over the last decade, the incidence rate has been increasing, with a larger increase among blacks. The aim of this study was to compare risk factors for EC in black and white women. METHODS Data from seven cohort and four case-control studies were pooled. Unconditional logistic regression was used to estimate adjusted odds ratios (OR) and 95 % confidence intervals for each risk factor in blacks and whites separately. RESULTS Data were pooled for 2,011 black women (516 cases and 1,495 controls) and 19,297 white women (5,693 cases and 13,604 controls). BMI ≥ 30 was associated with an approximate threefold increase in risk of EC in both black and white women (ORblack 2.93, 95 % CI 2.11, 4.07 and ORwhite 2.99, 95 % CI 2.74, 3.26). Diabetes was associated with a 30-40 % increase in risk among both groups. Increasing parity was associated with decreasing risk of EC in blacks and whites (p value = 0.02 and <0.001, respectively). Current and former smoking was associated with decreased risk of EC among all women. Both black and white women who used oral contraceptives for 10 +years were also at reduced risk of EC (OR 0.49, 95 % CI 0.27, 0.88 and OR 0.69, 95 % CI 0.58, 0.83, respectively). Previous history of hypertension was not associated with EC risk in either group. CONCLUSIONS The major known risk factors for EC exert similar effects on black and white women. Differences in the incidence rates between the two populations may be due to differences in the prevalence of risk factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michele L Cote
- Department of Oncology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, 4100 John R. Mailstop: MM04EP, Detroit, MI, 48201, USA.
- Population Studies and Disparities Research Program, Karmanos Cancer Institute, Detroit, MI, USA.
| | - Tala Alhajj
- Department of Oncology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, 4100 John R. Mailstop: MM04EP, Detroit, MI, 48201, USA
| | - Julie J Ruterbusch
- Department of Oncology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, 4100 John R. Mailstop: MM04EP, Detroit, MI, 48201, USA
| | - Leslie Bernstein
- Department of Population Sciences, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope, Duarte, CA, USA
| | - Louise A Brinton
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - William J Blot
- Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Nashville, TN, USA
- International Epidemiology Foundation, Rockville, MD, USA
| | - Chu Chen
- Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Margery Gass
- Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | | | - Brian Henderson
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Eunjung Lee
- Cancer Prevention Institute of California, Fremont, CA, USA
| | | | | | - Andrew Kaunitz
- University of Florida College of Medicine-Jacksonville, Jacksonville, FL, USA
| | - Xiaolin Liang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Wanda K Nicholson
- Diabetes and Obesity Core, Center for Women's Health Research, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina-Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Amy B Park
- Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Stacey Petruzella
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Timothy R Rebbeck
- School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - V Wendy Setiawan
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | | | - Michael S Simon
- Department of Oncology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, 4100 John R. Mailstop: MM04EP, Detroit, MI, 48201, USA
- Population Studies and Disparities Research Program, Karmanos Cancer Institute, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Noel S Weiss
- Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA
- School of Public Health, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Nicolas Wentzensen
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Hannah P Yang
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Anne Zeleniuch-Jacquotte
- Departments of Population Health and Environmental Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Sara H Olson
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
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Ruan X, Seeger H, Wallwiener D, Huober J, Mueck AO. The ratio of the estradiol metabolites 2-hydroxyestrone (2-OHE1) and 16α-hydroxyestrone (16-OHE1) may predict breast cancer risk in postmenopausal but not in premenopausal women: two case-control studies. Arch Gynecol Obstet 2014; 291:1141-6. [PMID: 25318606 DOI: 10.1007/s00404-014-3512-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2014] [Accepted: 10/07/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Two main estradiol metabolites have different biological behavior with tumorigenic features of 16-OHE1 and antiproliferative characteristics of 2-OHE1. We investigated the ratio of these estradiol metabolites in pre- and postmenopausal patients with breast cancer (BC) within two case-control studies. METHODS From 41 premenopausal patients with (cases) and without (controls N = 211) BC and 207 postmenopausal patients with and without BC (N = 206), urine samples were collected. Urine samples were collected prior to surgery and stored at -20 °C until measurement by ELISA. The multiple linear regression test with two interactions was performed to evaluate the influence of different factors on the metabolic ratio. RESULTS In premenopausal patients, log ratio of 2-OHE1/16-OHE1 was 0.25 (CI 0.20;0.29) and 0.21 (CI 0.11;0.31) for controls and cases without significant difference. In postmenopausal patients, log ratio was 0.22 (CI 0.17;0.26) and 0.11 (CI 0.07;0.15) in controls and cases, respectively, and was statistically significantly lower (p = 0.0002). Log ratio was significantly influenced by BMI, but only in postmenopausal patients, an increased BMI resulted in a significantly (p < 0.042) decreased ratio. CONCLUSIONS Our case control studies suggest that in postmenopausal women a different metabolism of estrogens may play a role in the tumorigenesis of breast cancer. This genetically determined metabolism could be influenced by the exogenic factor BMI. In premenopausal women different hormone levels at different time points of the menstrual cycle may be an explanation that why we could not find an influence of estrogen metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangyan Ruan
- Department of Gynecological Endocrinology, Beijing Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
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Figueroa JD, Pfeiffer RM, Patel DA, Linville L, Brinton LA, Gierach GL, Yang XR, Papathomas D, Visscher D, Mies C, Degnim AC, Anderson WF, Hewitt S, Khodr ZG, Clare SE, Storniolo AM, Sherman ME. Terminal duct lobular unit involution of the normal breast: implications for breast cancer etiology. J Natl Cancer Inst 2014; 106:dju286. [PMID: 25274491 DOI: 10.1093/jnci/dju286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Greater degrees of terminal duct lobular unit (TDLU) involution have been linked to lower breast cancer risk; however, factors that influence this process are poorly characterized. METHODS To study this question, we developed three reproducible measures that are inversely associated with TDLU involution: TDLU counts, median TDLU span, and median acini counts/TDLU. We determined factors associated with TDLU involution using normal breast tissues from 1938 participants (1369 premenopausal and 569 postmenopausal) ages 18 to 75 years in the Susan G. Komen Tissue Bank at the Indiana University Simon Cancer Center. Multivariable zero-inflated Poisson models were used to estimate relative risks (RRs) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs) for factors associated with TDLU counts, and multivariable ordinal logistic regression models were used to estimate odds ratios (ORs) and 95% CIs for factors associated with categories of median TDLU span and acini counts/TDLU. RESULTS All TDLU measures started declining in the third age decade (all measures, two-sided P trend ≤ .001); and all metrics were statistically significantly lower among postmenopausal women. Nulliparous women demonstrated lower TDLU counts compared with uniparous women (among premenopausal women, RR = 0.79, 95% CI = 0.73 to 0.85; among postmenopausal, RR = 0.67, 95% CI = 0.56 to 0.79); however, rates of age-related TDLU decline were faster among parous women. Other factors were related to specific measures of TDLU involution. CONCLUSION Morphometric analysis of TDLU involution warrants further evaluation to understand the pathogenesis of breast cancer and assessing its role as a progression marker for women with benign biopsies or as an intermediate endpoint in prevention studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonine D Figueroa
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics (JDF, RMP, DAP, LL, LAB, GLG, XRY, DP, WFA, ZGK, MES), Laboratory of Pathology (SH), and Division of Cancer Prevention (MES), National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD; Mayo Clinic Cancer Center, Rochester, MN (DV, ACD); Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA (CM); Department of Surgery, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL (SEC); Susan G. Komen Tissue Bank at the Indiana University Simon Cancer Center, Indianapolis, IN (AMS).
| | - Ruth M Pfeiffer
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics (JDF, RMP, DAP, LL, LAB, GLG, XRY, DP, WFA, ZGK, MES), Laboratory of Pathology (SH), and Division of Cancer Prevention (MES), National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD; Mayo Clinic Cancer Center, Rochester, MN (DV, ACD); Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA (CM); Department of Surgery, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL (SEC); Susan G. Komen Tissue Bank at the Indiana University Simon Cancer Center, Indianapolis, IN (AMS)
| | - Deesha A Patel
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics (JDF, RMP, DAP, LL, LAB, GLG, XRY, DP, WFA, ZGK, MES), Laboratory of Pathology (SH), and Division of Cancer Prevention (MES), National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD; Mayo Clinic Cancer Center, Rochester, MN (DV, ACD); Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA (CM); Department of Surgery, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL (SEC); Susan G. Komen Tissue Bank at the Indiana University Simon Cancer Center, Indianapolis, IN (AMS)
| | - Laura Linville
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics (JDF, RMP, DAP, LL, LAB, GLG, XRY, DP, WFA, ZGK, MES), Laboratory of Pathology (SH), and Division of Cancer Prevention (MES), National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD; Mayo Clinic Cancer Center, Rochester, MN (DV, ACD); Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA (CM); Department of Surgery, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL (SEC); Susan G. Komen Tissue Bank at the Indiana University Simon Cancer Center, Indianapolis, IN (AMS)
| | - Louise A Brinton
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics (JDF, RMP, DAP, LL, LAB, GLG, XRY, DP, WFA, ZGK, MES), Laboratory of Pathology (SH), and Division of Cancer Prevention (MES), National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD; Mayo Clinic Cancer Center, Rochester, MN (DV, ACD); Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA (CM); Department of Surgery, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL (SEC); Susan G. Komen Tissue Bank at the Indiana University Simon Cancer Center, Indianapolis, IN (AMS)
| | - Gretchen L Gierach
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics (JDF, RMP, DAP, LL, LAB, GLG, XRY, DP, WFA, ZGK, MES), Laboratory of Pathology (SH), and Division of Cancer Prevention (MES), National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD; Mayo Clinic Cancer Center, Rochester, MN (DV, ACD); Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA (CM); Department of Surgery, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL (SEC); Susan G. Komen Tissue Bank at the Indiana University Simon Cancer Center, Indianapolis, IN (AMS)
| | - Xiaohong R Yang
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics (JDF, RMP, DAP, LL, LAB, GLG, XRY, DP, WFA, ZGK, MES), Laboratory of Pathology (SH), and Division of Cancer Prevention (MES), National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD; Mayo Clinic Cancer Center, Rochester, MN (DV, ACD); Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA (CM); Department of Surgery, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL (SEC); Susan G. Komen Tissue Bank at the Indiana University Simon Cancer Center, Indianapolis, IN (AMS)
| | - Daphne Papathomas
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics (JDF, RMP, DAP, LL, LAB, GLG, XRY, DP, WFA, ZGK, MES), Laboratory of Pathology (SH), and Division of Cancer Prevention (MES), National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD; Mayo Clinic Cancer Center, Rochester, MN (DV, ACD); Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA (CM); Department of Surgery, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL (SEC); Susan G. Komen Tissue Bank at the Indiana University Simon Cancer Center, Indianapolis, IN (AMS)
| | - Daniel Visscher
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics (JDF, RMP, DAP, LL, LAB, GLG, XRY, DP, WFA, ZGK, MES), Laboratory of Pathology (SH), and Division of Cancer Prevention (MES), National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD; Mayo Clinic Cancer Center, Rochester, MN (DV, ACD); Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA (CM); Department of Surgery, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL (SEC); Susan G. Komen Tissue Bank at the Indiana University Simon Cancer Center, Indianapolis, IN (AMS)
| | - Carolyn Mies
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics (JDF, RMP, DAP, LL, LAB, GLG, XRY, DP, WFA, ZGK, MES), Laboratory of Pathology (SH), and Division of Cancer Prevention (MES), National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD; Mayo Clinic Cancer Center, Rochester, MN (DV, ACD); Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA (CM); Department of Surgery, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL (SEC); Susan G. Komen Tissue Bank at the Indiana University Simon Cancer Center, Indianapolis, IN (AMS)
| | - Amy C Degnim
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics (JDF, RMP, DAP, LL, LAB, GLG, XRY, DP, WFA, ZGK, MES), Laboratory of Pathology (SH), and Division of Cancer Prevention (MES), National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD; Mayo Clinic Cancer Center, Rochester, MN (DV, ACD); Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA (CM); Department of Surgery, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL (SEC); Susan G. Komen Tissue Bank at the Indiana University Simon Cancer Center, Indianapolis, IN (AMS)
| | - William F Anderson
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics (JDF, RMP, DAP, LL, LAB, GLG, XRY, DP, WFA, ZGK, MES), Laboratory of Pathology (SH), and Division of Cancer Prevention (MES), National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD; Mayo Clinic Cancer Center, Rochester, MN (DV, ACD); Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA (CM); Department of Surgery, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL (SEC); Susan G. Komen Tissue Bank at the Indiana University Simon Cancer Center, Indianapolis, IN (AMS)
| | - Stephen Hewitt
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics (JDF, RMP, DAP, LL, LAB, GLG, XRY, DP, WFA, ZGK, MES), Laboratory of Pathology (SH), and Division of Cancer Prevention (MES), National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD; Mayo Clinic Cancer Center, Rochester, MN (DV, ACD); Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA (CM); Department of Surgery, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL (SEC); Susan G. Komen Tissue Bank at the Indiana University Simon Cancer Center, Indianapolis, IN (AMS)
| | - Zeina G Khodr
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics (JDF, RMP, DAP, LL, LAB, GLG, XRY, DP, WFA, ZGK, MES), Laboratory of Pathology (SH), and Division of Cancer Prevention (MES), National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD; Mayo Clinic Cancer Center, Rochester, MN (DV, ACD); Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA (CM); Department of Surgery, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL (SEC); Susan G. Komen Tissue Bank at the Indiana University Simon Cancer Center, Indianapolis, IN (AMS)
| | - Susan E Clare
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics (JDF, RMP, DAP, LL, LAB, GLG, XRY, DP, WFA, ZGK, MES), Laboratory of Pathology (SH), and Division of Cancer Prevention (MES), National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD; Mayo Clinic Cancer Center, Rochester, MN (DV, ACD); Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA (CM); Department of Surgery, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL (SEC); Susan G. Komen Tissue Bank at the Indiana University Simon Cancer Center, Indianapolis, IN (AMS)
| | - Anna Maria Storniolo
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics (JDF, RMP, DAP, LL, LAB, GLG, XRY, DP, WFA, ZGK, MES), Laboratory of Pathology (SH), and Division of Cancer Prevention (MES), National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD; Mayo Clinic Cancer Center, Rochester, MN (DV, ACD); Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA (CM); Department of Surgery, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL (SEC); Susan G. Komen Tissue Bank at the Indiana University Simon Cancer Center, Indianapolis, IN (AMS)
| | - Mark E Sherman
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics (JDF, RMP, DAP, LL, LAB, GLG, XRY, DP, WFA, ZGK, MES), Laboratory of Pathology (SH), and Division of Cancer Prevention (MES), National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD; Mayo Clinic Cancer Center, Rochester, MN (DV, ACD); Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA (CM); Department of Surgery, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL (SEC); Susan G. Komen Tissue Bank at the Indiana University Simon Cancer Center, Indianapolis, IN (AMS)
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38
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Abstract
Depending on the type, duration and intensity of cigarette smoking, the efficacy of endogenous and exogenous estrogen can be reduced or completely cancelled. Not only does smoking diminish the beneficial effects of estrogen on hot flushes and urogenital symptoms and its positive effects on lipid metabolism, but smoking also can reduce estrogen's ability to prevent osteoporosis and perhaps also cardiovascular diseases. This is mainly caused by dose-dependent elevated hepatic clearance, partially in conjunction with lower estrogen levels, and has been demonstrated so far only with oral estrogen applications. Compensation for the failure of therapeutic action should not be made by increasing the dose in smokers since this might result in the production of potentially mutagenic estrogen metabolites associated with a higher risk of breast cancer. Since the favorable effects of estrogens seem to be not lost in smokers when estrogens are applied transdermally, this route should be preferred in smokers. The most important conclusion from the data presented is that the effects of smoking are very complex and dependent on a multiplicity of factors, so that different types of clinically relevant negative effects must be expected. Women who continue to smoke despite all warnings should be informed that smoking, in addition to all its other negative effects, can also jeopardize the success of hormone replacement therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- X Ruan
- * Beijing Obstetrics & Gynecology Hospital, Capital Medical University , China
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39
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Allen AM, Oncken C, Hatsukami D. Women and Smoking: The Effect of Gender on the Epidemiology, Health Effects, and Cessation of Smoking. CURRENT ADDICTION REPORTS 2014; 1:53-60. [PMID: 27213132 PMCID: PMC4871621 DOI: 10.1007/s40429-013-0003-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Smoking is still the leading cause of premature morbidity and mortality. This paper examines new research on gender differences and the epidemiology of smoking, smoking-related morbidity and mortality, and factors that affect smoking cessation. The rate of decline in the prevalence of smoking has been slowing, especially among adolescent girls. New research suggests that, compared with men, women may be more susceptible to smoking-related morbidity and mortality. Gender-related barriers to smoking cessation include weight gain, sex hormones, and mood. Furthermore, the sensory aspects of smoking may have more of an effect on smoking treatment for women than for men. We discuss new studies that examine smoking-cessation interventions that may be particularly beneficial for women, including exercise (as an adjunct intervention), very low nicotine content cigarettes, and a variety of pharmacotherapy. Further research is needed to identify and target the gender-specific needs of smokers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alicia M Allen
- Department of Family Medicine and Community Health, Medical School, University of Minnesota, 717 Delaware Street SE, Room 422, Minneapolis, MN 55414, USA
| | - Cheryl Oncken
- Department of Medicine and Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Connecticut School of Medicine, 263 Farmington, Farmington, CT 06030, USA,
| | - Dorothy Hatsukami
- Department of Psychiatry, Medical School, University of Minnesota, 717 Delaware Street SE, Room 256, Minneapolis, MN 55414, USA,
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