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Zhuang H, Wang R, Qi Y, Liu Y, Xiong H, Yao J. Nanocoated bacteria with H 2S generation-triggered self-amplified photothermal and photodynamic effect for breast cancer therapy. J Control Release 2024; 373:507-519. [PMID: 39025267 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2024.07.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2024] [Revised: 07/10/2024] [Accepted: 07/15/2024] [Indexed: 07/20/2024]
Abstract
Phototherapy utilizing bacterial carriers has demonstrated efficacy in anti-tumor therapy, while the poor delivery of phototherapeutic agents and immunogenicity of microbial substances remain problematic. Herein, we develop a nanocoated bacterial delivery system (IF-S.T) that in situ forms the efficient photothermal agents via biomineralization and improves the intracellular oxygenation, thus triggering the self-enhanced photothermal therapy (PTT) and photodynamic therapy (PDT) on tumor. We densely coat self-assembled IF (ICG-Fe2+) nanocomplex onto the surface of LT2, weakly virulent strain of Salmonella typhimurium (S.T), by bioadaptive nanocoating techniques, masking bacterial virulence factors and reducing the potential immune adverse effects. Upon penetrating into the tumor environment, IF-S.T responds to H2O2 to trigger the removal of the IF coating, where S.T produces excess hydrogen sulfide (H2S). H2S reacts with Fe2+, yielding ferrous sulfide (FeS) for PTT, and inhibits mitochondrial respiration to enhance tumor cell oxygenation for PDT. Consequently, IF-S.T plus laser irradiation exhibits direct tumor cells killing and elicits robust antitumor immune responses, leading to the complete tumor elimination. Thus, IF-S.T represents a promising platform for effective tumor delivery of photoactive agents for improved PTT/PDT efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- He Zhuang
- Department of Pharmaceutics, China Pharmaceutical University, 639 Longmian Avenue, Nanjing 211198, PR China
| | - Rui Wang
- Department of Pharmaceutics, China Pharmaceutical University, 639 Longmian Avenue, Nanjing 211198, PR China
| | - Yao Qi
- Department of Pharmaceutics, China Pharmaceutical University, 639 Longmian Avenue, Nanjing 211198, PR China
| | - Yufei Liu
- Department of Pharmaceutics, China Pharmaceutical University, 639 Longmian Avenue, Nanjing 211198, PR China
| | - Hui Xiong
- Department of Pharmaceutics, China Pharmaceutical University, 639 Longmian Avenue, Nanjing 211198, PR China.
| | - Jing Yao
- Department of Pharmaceutics, China Pharmaceutical University, 639 Longmian Avenue, Nanjing 211198, PR China.
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2
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Tátrai E, Ranđelović I, Surguta SE, Tóvári J. Role of Hypoxia and Rac1 Inhibition in the Metastatic Cascade. Cancers (Basel) 2024; 16:1872. [PMID: 38791951 PMCID: PMC11120288 DOI: 10.3390/cancers16101872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2024] [Revised: 05/03/2024] [Accepted: 05/11/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
The hypoxic condition has a pivotal role in solid tumors and was shown to correlate with the poor outcome of anticancer treatments. Hypoxia contributes to tumor progression and leads to therapy resistance. Two forms of a hypoxic environment might have relevance in tumor mass formation: chronic and cyclic hypoxia. The main regulators of hypoxia are hypoxia-inducible factors, which regulate the cell survival, proliferation, motility, metabolism, pH, extracellular matrix function, inflammatory cells recruitment and angiogenesis. The metastatic process consists of different steps in which hypoxia-inducible factors can play an important role. Rac1, belonging to small G-proteins, is involved in the metastasis process as one of the key molecules of migration, especially in a hypoxic environment. The effect of hypoxia on the tumor phenotype and the signaling pathways which may interfere with tumor progression are already quite well known. Although the role of Rac1, one of the small G-proteins, in hypoxia remains unclear, predominantly, in vitro studies performed so far confirm that Rac1 inhibition may represent a viable direction for tumor therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enikő Tátrai
- The National Tumor Biology Laboratory, Department of Experimental Pharmacology, National Institute of Oncology, H-1122 Budapest, Hungary; (I.R.); (S.E.S.); (J.T.)
| | - Ivan Ranđelović
- The National Tumor Biology Laboratory, Department of Experimental Pharmacology, National Institute of Oncology, H-1122 Budapest, Hungary; (I.R.); (S.E.S.); (J.T.)
| | - Sára Eszter Surguta
- The National Tumor Biology Laboratory, Department of Experimental Pharmacology, National Institute of Oncology, H-1122 Budapest, Hungary; (I.R.); (S.E.S.); (J.T.)
- School of Ph. D. Studies, Semmelweis University, H-1085 Budapest, Hungary
| | - József Tóvári
- The National Tumor Biology Laboratory, Department of Experimental Pharmacology, National Institute of Oncology, H-1122 Budapest, Hungary; (I.R.); (S.E.S.); (J.T.)
- School of Ph. D. Studies, Semmelweis University, H-1085 Budapest, Hungary
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3
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Carlson N, House CD, Tambasco M. Toward a Transportable Cell Culture Platform for Evaluating Radiotherapy Dose Modifying Factors. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:15953. [PMID: 37958936 PMCID: PMC10648285 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242115953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2023] [Revised: 10/31/2023] [Accepted: 11/01/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The current tools for validating dose delivery and optimizing new radiotherapy technologies in radiation therapy do not account for important dose modifying factors (DMFs), such as variations in cellular repair capability, tumor oxygenation, ultra-high dose rates and the type of ionizing radiation used. These factors play a crucial role in tumor control and normal tissue complications. To address this need, we explored the feasibility of developing a transportable cell culture platform (TCCP) to assess the relative biological effectiveness (RBE) of ionizing radiation. We measured cell recovery, clonogenic viability and metabolic viability of MDA-MB-231 cells over several days at room temperature in a range of concentrations of fetal bovine serum (FBS) in medium-supplemented gelatin, under both normoxic and hypoxic oxygen environments. Additionally, we measured the clonogenic viability of the cells to characterize how the duration of the TCCP at room temperature affected their radiosensitivity at doses up to 16 Gy. We found that (78±2)% of MDA-MB-231 cells were successfully recovered after being kept at room temperature for three days in 50% FBS in medium-supplemented gelatin at hypoxia (0.4±0.1)% pO2, while metabolic and clonogenic viabilities as measured by ATP luminescence and colony formation were found to be (58±5)% and (57±4)%, respectively. Additionally, irradiating a TCCP under normoxic and hypoxic conditions yielded a clonogenic oxygen enhancement ratio (OER) of 1.4±0.6 and a metabolic OER of 1.9±0.4. Our results demonstrate that the TCCP can be used to assess the RBE of a DMF and provides a feasible platform for assessing DMFs in radiation therapy applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas Carlson
- Department of Physics, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA 92182, USA;
| | - Carrie D. House
- Biology Department, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA 92182, USA;
| | - Mauro Tambasco
- Department of Physics, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA 92182, USA;
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4
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Srivastava N, Usmani SS, Subbarayan R, Saini R, Pandey PK. Hypoxia: syndicating triple negative breast cancer against various therapeutic regimens. Front Oncol 2023; 13:1199105. [PMID: 37492478 PMCID: PMC10363988 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2023.1199105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2023] [Accepted: 06/05/2023] [Indexed: 07/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is one of the deadliest subtypes of breast cancer (BC) for its high aggressiveness, heterogeneity, and hypoxic nature. Based on biological and clinical observations the TNBC related mortality is very high worldwide. Emerging studies have clearly demonstrated that hypoxia regulates the critical metabolic, developmental, and survival pathways in TNBC, which include glycolysis and angiogenesis. Alterations to these pathways accelerate the cancer stem cells (CSCs) enrichment and immune escape, which further lead to tumor invasion, migration, and metastasis. Beside this, hypoxia also manipulates the epigenetic plasticity and DNA damage response (DDR) to syndicate TNBC survival and its progression. Hypoxia fundamentally creates the low oxygen condition responsible for the alteration in Hypoxia-Inducible Factor-1alpha (HIF-1α) signaling within the tumor microenvironment, allowing tumors to survive and making them resistant to various therapies. Therefore, there is an urgent need for society to establish target-based therapies that overcome the resistance and limitations of the current treatment plan for TNBC. In this review article, we have thoroughly discussed the plausible significance of HIF-1α as a target in various therapeutic regimens such as chemotherapy, radiotherapy, immunotherapy, anti-angiogenic therapy, adjuvant therapy photodynamic therapy, adoptive cell therapy, combination therapies, antibody drug conjugates and cancer vaccines. Further, we also reviewed here the intrinsic mechanism and existing issues in targeting HIF-1α while improvising the current therapeutic strategies. This review highlights and discusses the future perspectives and the major alternatives to overcome TNBC resistance by targeting hypoxia-induced signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nityanand Srivastava
- Department of Cell Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, United States
| | - Salman Sadullah Usmani
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, United States
| | - Rajasekaran Subbarayan
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, United States
- Research, Chettinad Hospital and Research Institute, Chettinad Academy of Research and Educations, Chennai, India
| | - Rashmi Saini
- Department of Zoology, Gargi College, University of Delhi, New Delhi, India
| | - Pranav Kumar Pandey
- Dr. R.P. Centre for Opthalmic Sciences, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
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5
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Zhang M, Ding Q, Bian C, Su J, Xin Y, Jiang X. Progress on the molecular mechanism of portal vein tumor thrombosis formation in hepatocellular carcinoma. Exp Cell Res 2023; 426:113563. [PMID: 36944406 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2023.113563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2022] [Revised: 03/01/2023] [Accepted: 03/18/2023] [Indexed: 03/22/2023]
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the most common malignant tumors, with poor prognosis and high mortality. Early-stage HCC has no obvious clinical symptoms, and most patients are already at an advanced stage when they are diagnosed. Portal vein tumor thrombus (PVTT) is the most common complication and a poor prognostic factor for HCC, which frequently leads to portal vein hypertension, ascites, gastrointestinal bleeding, and tumor metastasis. The formation of PVTT is related to the complex structure and hemodynamic changes of the portal vein and is closely related to changes at the cellular and molecular levels. The differentially-expressed genes (DEGs) between PVTT and primary tumor (PT) suggest that the two tissues may have different clonal origins. Epigenetic and proteomic analyses also suggest complex and diverse mechanisms for the formation of PVTT. In addition, the tumor microenvironment and energy metabolism pathways are interrelated in regulating the invasion and progression of PVTT. Aerobic glycolysis and the tumor immune microenvironment have been the focus of recent studies on PVTT. In this review, we summarize the mechanism of PVTT formation at the cellular and molecular levels to provide information to guide better prevention and treatment of PVTT in the clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Zhang
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Radiation Oncology & Therapy, Changchun, 130021, China; Department of Radiation Oncology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, China; NHC Key Laboratory of Radiobiology, School of Public Health of Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, China.
| | - Qiuhui Ding
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Radiation Oncology & Therapy, Changchun, 130021, China; Department of Radiation Oncology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, China; NHC Key Laboratory of Radiobiology, School of Public Health of Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, China.
| | - Chenbin Bian
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Radiation Oncology & Therapy, Changchun, 130021, China; Department of Radiation Oncology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, China; NHC Key Laboratory of Radiobiology, School of Public Health of Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, China.
| | - Jing Su
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Radiation Oncology & Therapy, Changchun, 130021, China; Department of Radiation Oncology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, China; NHC Key Laboratory of Radiobiology, School of Public Health of Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, China.
| | - Ying Xin
- Key Laboratory of Pathobiology, Ministry of Education, Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, China.
| | - Xin Jiang
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Radiation Oncology & Therapy, Changchun, 130021, China; Department of Radiation Oncology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, China; NHC Key Laboratory of Radiobiology, School of Public Health of Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, China.
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6
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Bobiński R, Dutka M, Pizon M, Waksmańska W, Pielesz A. Ferroptosis, Acyl Starvation, and Breast Cancer. Mol Pharmacol 2023; 103:132-144. [PMID: 36750321 DOI: 10.1124/molpharm.122.000607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2022] [Accepted: 10/31/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
To maintain their growth rate, cancer cells must secure a supply of fatty acids, which are necessary for building cell membranes and maintaining energy processes. This is one of the reasons why tissues with intensive fatty acid metabolism, such as the mammary gland, are more likely to develop tumors. One natural or induced defense process against cancer is ferroptosis, which interferes with normal fatty acid metabolism. This leads to the oxidation of polyunsaturated fatty acids, which causes a rearrangement of the metabolism and damages cell membranes. As a consequence of this oxidation, there is a shortage of normal polyunsaturated fatty acids, which disturbs the complicated metabolism of fatty acids. This imbalance in metabolism, resulting from the deficiency of properly structured fatty acids, is called, by these authors, "acyl starvation." When cancer cells are exposed to alternating hypoxia and reoxygenation, they often develop resistance to neoadjuvant therapies. Blocking the stearoyl-CoA desaturase - fatty acid-binding protein 4 - fatty acid translocase axis appears to be a promising pathway in the treatment of breast cancer. On the one hand, the inhibition of desaturase leads to the formation of toxic phospholipid hydroperoxides in ferroptosis, whereas on the other hand, the inhibition of fatty acid-binding protein 4 and translocase leads to a reduced uptake of fatty acids and disruption of the cellular transport of fatty acids, resulting in intracellular acyl starvation. The disruption in the metabolism of fatty acids in cancer cells may augment the effectiveness of neoadjuvant therapy. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT: Regulation of the metabolism of fatty acids in cancer cells seems to be a promising therapeutic direction. Studies show that the induction of ferroptosis in cancer cells, combined with use of neoadjuvant therapies, effectively inhibits the proliferation of these cells. We link the process of ferroptosis with apoptosis and SCD1-FABP4-CD36 axis and propose the term "acyl starvation" for the processes leading to FA deficiency, dysregulation of FA metabolism in cancer cells, and, most importantly, the appearance of incorrect proportions FAs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafał Bobiński
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology (R.B., M.D., W.W.) and Department of Microbiology and Environmental Technology, Institute of Engineering and Environmental Protection (A.P.), University of Bielsko-Biala, Bielsko-Biala, Poland; and Department of Research and Development, Transfusion Center Bayreuth, Bayreuth, Germany (M.P.)
| | - Mieczysław Dutka
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology (R.B., M.D., W.W.) and Department of Microbiology and Environmental Technology, Institute of Engineering and Environmental Protection (A.P.), University of Bielsko-Biala, Bielsko-Biala, Poland; and Department of Research and Development, Transfusion Center Bayreuth, Bayreuth, Germany (M.P.)
| | - Monika Pizon
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology (R.B., M.D., W.W.) and Department of Microbiology and Environmental Technology, Institute of Engineering and Environmental Protection (A.P.), University of Bielsko-Biala, Bielsko-Biala, Poland; and Department of Research and Development, Transfusion Center Bayreuth, Bayreuth, Germany (M.P.)
| | - Wioletta Waksmańska
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology (R.B., M.D., W.W.) and Department of Microbiology and Environmental Technology, Institute of Engineering and Environmental Protection (A.P.), University of Bielsko-Biala, Bielsko-Biala, Poland; and Department of Research and Development, Transfusion Center Bayreuth, Bayreuth, Germany (M.P.)
| | - Anna Pielesz
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology (R.B., M.D., W.W.) and Department of Microbiology and Environmental Technology, Institute of Engineering and Environmental Protection (A.P.), University of Bielsko-Biala, Bielsko-Biala, Poland; and Department of Research and Development, Transfusion Center Bayreuth, Bayreuth, Germany (M.P.)
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7
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Li J, Xie L, Sang W, Li W, Wang G, Yan J, Zhang Z, Tian H, Fan Q, Dai Y. A Metal-Phenolic Nanosensitizer Performs Hydrogen Sulfide-Reprogrammed Oxygen Metabolism for Cancer Radiotherapy Intensification and Immunogenicity. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022; 61:e202200830. [PMID: 35174599 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202200830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Radiotherapy (RT) is hampered by the limited oxygen in tumors, which could be potentiated via reprogramming the oxygen metabolism and increasing the oxygen utilization efficiency. Herein, a metal-phenolic nanosensitizer (Hf-PSP-DTC@PLX) was integrated via an acid-sensitive hydrogen sulfide (H2 S) donor (polyethylene glycol-co-polydithiocarbamates, PEG-DTC) and a hafnium-chelated polyphenolic semiconducting polymer (Hf-PSP) in an amphiphilic polymer (poloxamer F127, PLX). Hf-PSP-DTC@PLX elicited a high imaging performance for precise RT and generated H2 S to reduce the cellular oxygen consumption rate via mitochondrial respiration inhibition, which reprogrammed the oxygen metabolism for improvement of the tumor oxygenation. Then, Hf-sensitization could fully utilize the well-preserved oxygen to intensify RT efficacy and activate immunogenicity. Such a synergistic strategy for improvement of oxygenation and oxygen utilization would have great potential in optimizing oxygen-dependent therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Li
- Cancer Centre and Institute of Translational Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Macau, SAR 999078, China.,Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLOFE) & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing Tech University (NanjingTech), Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Lisi Xie
- Cancer Centre and Institute of Translational Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Macau, SAR 999078, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Guangdong-Hong Kong Joint Laboratory for RNA Medicine, Medical Research Center, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510120, China
| | - Wei Sang
- Cancer Centre and Institute of Translational Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Macau, SAR 999078, China
| | - Wenxi Li
- Cancer Centre and Institute of Translational Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Macau, SAR 999078, China
| | - Guohao Wang
- Cancer Centre and Institute of Translational Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Macau, SAR 999078, China
| | - Jie Yan
- Cancer Centre and Institute of Translational Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Macau, SAR 999078, China
| | - Zhan Zhang
- Cancer Centre and Institute of Translational Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Macau, SAR 999078, China
| | - Hao Tian
- Cancer Centre and Institute of Translational Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Macau, SAR 999078, China
| | - Quli Fan
- Key Laboratory for Organic Electronics and Information Displays and Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials (SICAM), Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Yunlu Dai
- Cancer Centre and Institute of Translational Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Macau, SAR 999078, China.,MoE Frontiers Science Centre for Precision Oncology, University of Macau, Macau, SAR 999078, China
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8
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Li J, Xie L, Sang W, Li W, Wang G, Yan J, Zhang Z, Tian H, Fan Q, Dai Y. A Metal‐Phenolic Nanosensitizer Performs Hydrogen Sulfide‐Reprogrammed Oxygen Metabolism for Cancer Radiotherapy Intensification and Immunogenicity. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202200830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jie Li
- Cancer Centre and Institute of Translational Medicine Faculty of Health Sciences University of Macau Macau SAR 999078 China
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLOFE) & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM) Nanjing Tech University (NanjingTech) Nanjing 210009 China
| | - Lisi Xie
- Cancer Centre and Institute of Translational Medicine Faculty of Health Sciences University of Macau Macau SAR 999078 China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation Guangdong-Hong Kong Joint Laboratory for RNA Medicine Medical Research Center Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital Sun Yat-Sen University Guangzhou 510120 China
| | - Wei Sang
- Cancer Centre and Institute of Translational Medicine Faculty of Health Sciences University of Macau Macau SAR 999078 China
| | - Wenxi Li
- Cancer Centre and Institute of Translational Medicine Faculty of Health Sciences University of Macau Macau SAR 999078 China
| | - Guohao Wang
- Cancer Centre and Institute of Translational Medicine Faculty of Health Sciences University of Macau Macau SAR 999078 China
| | - Jie Yan
- Cancer Centre and Institute of Translational Medicine Faculty of Health Sciences University of Macau Macau SAR 999078 China
| | - Zhan Zhang
- Cancer Centre and Institute of Translational Medicine Faculty of Health Sciences University of Macau Macau SAR 999078 China
| | - Hao Tian
- Cancer Centre and Institute of Translational Medicine Faculty of Health Sciences University of Macau Macau SAR 999078 China
| | - Quli Fan
- Key Laboratory for Organic Electronics and Information Displays and Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM) Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials (SICAM) Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications Nanjing 210023 China
| | - Yunlu Dai
- Cancer Centre and Institute of Translational Medicine Faculty of Health Sciences University of Macau Macau SAR 999078 China
- MoE Frontiers Science Centre for Precision Oncology University of Macau Macau SAR 999078 China
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9
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Michon S, Rodier F, Yu FTH. Targeted Anti-Cancer Provascular Therapy Using Ultrasound, Microbubbles, and Nitrite to Increase Radiotherapy Efficacy. Bioconjug Chem 2022; 33:1093-1105. [PMID: 34990112 DOI: 10.1021/acs.bioconjchem.1c00510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Hypoxia is an important mechanism of resistance to radiation therapy in many human malignancies including prostate cancer. It has been recently shown that ultrasound targeted microbubble cavitation (UTMC) can increase blood perfusion in skeletal muscle by triggering nitric oxide signaling. Interestingly, this effect was amplified with a sodium nitrite coinjection. Since sodium nitrite has been shown to synergize with radiotherapy (RT), we hypothesized that UTMC with a sodium nitrite coinjection could further radiosensitize solid tumors by increasing blood perfusion and thus reduce tumor hypoxia. We evaluated (1) the ability of UTMC with and without nitrite to increase perfusion in muscle (mouse hindlimbs) and human prostate tumors using different pulse lengths and pressure; (2) the efficacy of this approach as a provascular therapy given directly before RT in the human prostate subcutaneous xenografts PC3 tumor model. Using long pulses with various pressures, in muscle, the provascular response following UTMC was strong (6.61 ± 4.41-fold increase in perfusion post-treatment). In tumors, long pulses caused an increase in perfusion (2.42 ± 1.38-fold) at lower mechanical index (MI = 0.25) but not at higher MI (0.375, 0.5, and 0.750) when compared to control (no UTMC). However, when combined with RT, UTMC with long pulses (MI = 0.25) did not improve tumor growth inhibition. With short pulses, in muscle, the provascular response following UTMC (SONOS) + nitrite was strong (13.74 ± 8.60-fold increase in perfusion post-treatment). In tumors, UTMC (SONOS) + nitrite also caused a provascular response (1.94 ± 1.20-fold increase in perfusion post-treatment) that lasted for at least 10 min, but not with nitrite alone. Interestingly, the blunted provascular response observed for long pulses at higher MI without nitrite was reversed with the addition of nitrite. UTMC (SONOS) with and without nitrite caused an increase in perfusion in tumors. The provascular response observed for UTMC (SONOS) + nitrite was confirmed by histology. Finally, there was an improved growth inhibition for the 8 Gy RT dose + nitrite + UTMC group vs 8 Gy RT + nitrite alone. This effect was not significant with mice treated by UTMC + nitrite and receiving doses of 0 or 2 Gy RT. In conclusion, UTMC + nitrite increased blood flow leading to an increased efficacy of higher doses of RT in our tumor model, warranting further study of this strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon Michon
- Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CRCHUM) et Institut du Cancer de Montréal, Montréal, Québec H2X 0A9, Canada.,Institut de Génie Biomédical, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec H3T 1J4, Canada.,Département de Radiologie, Radio-Oncologie Et Médecine Nucléaire, Faculté de Médecine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec H3T 1J4, Canada
| | - Francis Rodier
- Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CRCHUM) et Institut du Cancer de Montréal, Montréal, Québec H2X 0A9, Canada.,Département de Radiologie, Radio-Oncologie Et Médecine Nucléaire, Faculté de Médecine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec H3T 1J4, Canada
| | - François T H Yu
- Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CRCHUM) et Institut du Cancer de Montréal, Montréal, Québec H2X 0A9, Canada.,Institut de Génie Biomédical, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec H3T 1J4, Canada.,Département de Radiologie, Radio-Oncologie Et Médecine Nucléaire, Faculté de Médecine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec H3T 1J4, Canada
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10
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Therapeutic Modification of Hypoxia. Clin Oncol (R Coll Radiol) 2021; 33:e492-e509. [PMID: 34535359 DOI: 10.1016/j.clon.2021.08.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2021] [Revised: 08/04/2021] [Accepted: 08/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Regions of reduced oxygenation (hypoxia) are a characteristic feature of virtually all animal and human solid tumours. Numerous preclinical studies, both in vitro and in vivo, have shown that decreasing oxygen concentration induces resistance to radiation. Importantly, hypoxia in human tumours is a negative indicator of radiotherapy outcome. Hypoxia also contributes to resistance to other cancer therapeutics, including immunotherapy, and increases malignant progression as well as cancer cell dissemination. Consequently, substantial effort has been made to detect hypoxia in human tumours and identify realistic approaches to overcome hypoxia and improve cancer therapy outcomes. Hypoxia-targeting strategies include improving oxygen availability, sensitising hypoxic cells to radiation, preferentially killing these cells, locating the hypoxic regions in tumours and increasing the radiation dose to those areas, or applying high energy transfer radiation, which is less affected by hypoxia. Despite numerous clinical studies with each of these hypoxia-modifying approaches, many of which improved both local tumour control and overall survival, hypoxic modification has not been established in routine clinical practice. Here we review the background and significance of hypoxia, how it can be imaged clinically and focus on the various hypoxia-modifying techniques that have undergone, or are currently in, clinical evaluation.
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11
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Xu Q, Zhan G, Zhang Z, Yong T, Yang X, Gan L. Manganese porphyrin-based metal-organic framework for synergistic sonodynamic therapy and ferroptosis in hypoxic tumors. Am J Cancer Res 2021; 11:1937-1952. [PMID: 33408790 PMCID: PMC7778611 DOI: 10.7150/thno.45511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 122] [Impact Index Per Article: 40.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2020] [Accepted: 11/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Development of efficient therapeutic strategy to incorporate ultrasound (US)-triggered sonodynamic therapy (SDT) and ferroptosis is highly promising in cancer therapy. However, the SDT efficacy is severely limited by the hypoxia and high glutathione (GSH) in the tumor microenvironment, and ferroptosis is highly associated with reactive oxygen species (ROS) and GSH depletion. Methods: A manganese porphyrin-based metal-organic framework (Mn-MOF) was constructed as a nanosensitizer to self-supply oxygen (O2) and decrease GSH for enhanced SDT and ferroptosis. In vitro and in vivo analysis, including characterization, O2 generation, GSH depletion, ROS generation, lipid peroxidation, antitumor efficacy and tumor immune microenvironment were systematically evaluated. Results: Mn-MOF exhibited catalase-like and GSH decreasing activity in vitro. After efficient internalization into cancer cells, Mn-MOF persistently catalyzed tumor-overexpressed H2O2 to in-situ produce O2 to relieve tumor hypoxia and decrease GSH and GPX4, which facilitated the formation of ROS and ferroptosis to kill cancer cells upon US irradiation in hypoxic tumors. Thus, strong anticancer and anti-metastatic activity was found in H22 and 4T1 tumor-bearing mice after a single administration of Mn-MOF upon a single US irradiation. In addition, Mn-MOF showed strong antitumor immunity and improved immunosuppressive microenvironment upon US irradiation by increasing the numbers of activated CD8+ T cells and matured dendritic cells and decreaing the numbers of myeloid-derived suppressor cells in tumor tissues. Conclusions: Mn-MOF holds great potential for hypoxic cancer therapy.
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12
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Bader SB, Dewhirst MW, Hammond EM. Cyclic Hypoxia: An Update on Its Characteristics, Methods to Measure It and Biological Implications in Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 13:E23. [PMID: 33374581 PMCID: PMC7793090 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13010023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2020] [Revised: 12/14/2020] [Accepted: 12/16/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Regions of hypoxia occur in most if not all solid cancers. Although the presence of tumor hypoxia is a common occurrence, the levels of hypoxia and proportion of the tumor that are hypoxic vary significantly. Importantly, even within tumors, oxygen levels fluctuate due to changes in red blood cell flux, vascular remodeling and thermoregulation. Together, this leads to cyclic or intermittent hypoxia. Tumor hypoxia predicts for poor patient outcome, in part due to increased resistance to all standard therapies. However, it is less clear how cyclic hypoxia impacts therapy response. Here, we discuss the causes of cyclic hypoxia and, importantly, which imaging modalities are best suited to detecting cyclic vs. chronic hypoxia. In addition, we provide a comparison of the biological response to chronic and cyclic hypoxia, including how the levels of reactive oxygen species and HIF-1 are likely impacted. Together, we highlight the importance of remembering that tumor hypoxia is not a static condition and that the fluctuations in oxygen levels have significant biological consequences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel B. Bader
- Department of Oncology, The Oxford Institute for Radiation Oncology, Oxford University, Oxford OX3 7DQ, UK;
| | - Mark W. Dewhirst
- Radiation Oncology Department, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Ester M. Hammond
- Department of Oncology, The Oxford Institute for Radiation Oncology, Oxford University, Oxford OX3 7DQ, UK;
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13
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Saxena K, Jolly MK, Balamurugan K. Hypoxia, partial EMT and collective migration: Emerging culprits in metastasis. Transl Oncol 2020; 13:100845. [PMID: 32781367 PMCID: PMC7419667 DOI: 10.1016/j.tranon.2020.100845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 113] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2020] [Revised: 07/12/2020] [Accepted: 07/27/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) is a cellular biological process involved in migration of primary cancer cells to secondary sites facilitating metastasis. Besides, EMT also confers properties such as stemness, drug resistance and immune evasion which can aid a successful colonization at the distant site. EMT is not a binary process; recent evidence suggests that cells in partial EMT or hybrid E/M phenotype(s) can have enhanced stemness and drug resistance as compared to those undergoing a complete EMT. Moreover, partial EMT enables collective migration of cells as clusters of circulating tumor cells or emboli, further endorsing that cells in hybrid E/M phenotypes may be the 'fittest' for metastasis. Here, we review mechanisms and implications of hybrid E/M phenotypes, including their reported association with hypoxia. Hypoxia-driven activation of HIF-1α can drive EMT. In addition, cyclic hypoxia, as compared to acute or chronic hypoxia, shows the highest levels of active HIF-1α and can augment cancer aggressiveness to a greater extent, including enriching for a partial EMT phenotype. We also discuss how metastasis is influenced by hypoxia, partial EMT and collective cell migration, and call for a better understanding of interconnections among these mechanisms. We discuss the known regulators of hypoxia, hybrid EMT and collective cell migration and highlight the gaps which needs to be filled for connecting these three axes which will increase our understanding of dynamics of metastasis and help control it more effectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kritika Saxena
- Centre for BioSystems Science and Engineering, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore 560012, India
| | - Mohit Kumar Jolly
- Centre for BioSystems Science and Engineering, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore 560012, India.
| | - Kuppusamy Balamurugan
- Laboratory of Cell and Developmental Signaling, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, MD 21702, USA.
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14
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Cassim S, Vučetić M, Ždralević M, Pouyssegur J. Warburg and Beyond: The Power of Mitochondrial Metabolism to Collaborate or Replace Fermentative Glycolysis in Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12051119. [PMID: 32365833 PMCID: PMC7281550 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12051119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2020] [Revised: 04/27/2020] [Accepted: 04/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
A defining hallmark of tumor phenotypes is uncontrolled cell proliferation, while fermentative glycolysis has long been considered as one of the major metabolic pathways that allows energy production and provides intermediates for the anabolic growth of cancer cells. Although such a vision has been crucial for the development of clinical imaging modalities, it has become now evident that in contrast to prior beliefs, mitochondria play a key role in tumorigenesis. Recent findings demonstrated that a full genetic disruption of the Warburg effect of aggressive cancers does not suppress but instead reduces tumor growth. Tumor growth then relies exclusively on functional mitochondria. Besides having fundamental bioenergetic functions, mitochondrial metabolism indeed provides appropriate building blocks for tumor anabolism, controls redox balance, and coordinates cell death. Hence, mitochondria represent promising targets for the development of novel anti-cancer agents. Here, after revisiting the long-standing Warburg effect from a historic and dynamic perspective, we review the role of mitochondria in cancer with particular attention to the cancer cell-intrinsic/extrinsic mechanisms through which mitochondria influence all steps of tumorigenesis, and briefly discuss the therapeutic potential of targeting mitochondrial metabolism for cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shamir Cassim
- Department of Medical Biology, Centre Scientifique de Monaco, CSM, 98000 Monaco, Monaco;
- Correspondence: (S.C.); (J.P.)
| | - Milica Vučetić
- Department of Medical Biology, Centre Scientifique de Monaco, CSM, 98000 Monaco, Monaco;
| | - Maša Ždralević
- Centre A. Lacassagne, University Côte d’Azur, IRCAN, CNRS, 06189 Nice, France;
| | - Jacques Pouyssegur
- Department of Medical Biology, Centre Scientifique de Monaco, CSM, 98000 Monaco, Monaco;
- Centre A. Lacassagne, University Côte d’Azur, IRCAN, CNRS, 06189 Nice, France;
- Correspondence: (S.C.); (J.P.)
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15
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Lowerison MR, Huang C, Lucien F, Chen S, Song P. Ultrasound localization microscopy of renal tumor xenografts in chicken embryo is correlated to hypoxia. Sci Rep 2020; 10:2478. [PMID: 32051485 PMCID: PMC7015937 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-59338-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2019] [Accepted: 12/19/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Ultrasound localization microscopy (ULM) permits the reconstruction of super-resolved microvascular images at clinically relevant penetration depths, which can be potentially leveraged to provide non-invasive quantitative measures of tissue hemodynamics and hypoxic status. We demonstrate that ULM microbubble data processing methods, applied to images acquired with a Verasonics Vantage 256 system, can provide a non-invasive imaging surrogate biomarker of tissue oxygenation status. This technique was applied to evaluate the microvascular structure, vascular perfusion, and hypoxia of a renal cell carcinoma xenograft model grown in the chorioallantoic membrane of chicken embryos. Histological microvascular density was significantly correlated to ULM measures of intervessel distance (R = -0.92, CI95 = [-0.99,-0.42], p = 0.01). The Distance Metric, a measure of vascular tortuosity, was found to be significantly correlated to hypoxyprobe quantifications (R = 0.86, CI95 = [0.17, 0.99], p = 0.03). ULM, by providing non-invasive in vivo microvascular structural information, has the potential to be a crucial clinical imaging modality for the diagnosis and therapy monitoring of solid tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew R Lowerison
- Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
- Department of Radiology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine and Science, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Chengwu Huang
- Department of Radiology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine and Science, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Fabrice Lucien
- Department of Urology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine and Science, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Shigao Chen
- Department of Radiology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine and Science, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA.
| | - Pengfei Song
- Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA.
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA.
- Department of Radiology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine and Science, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA.
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16
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Delprat V, Tellier C, Demazy C, Raes M, Feron O, Michiels C. Cycling hypoxia promotes a pro-inflammatory phenotype in macrophages via JNK/p65 signaling pathway. Sci Rep 2020; 10:882. [PMID: 31964911 PMCID: PMC6972721 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-57677-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2019] [Accepted: 12/29/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Cycling hypoxia (cyH), also called intermittent hypoxia, occurs in solid tumors and affects different cell types in the tumor microenvironment and in particular the tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs). As cyH and TAMs both favor tumor progression, we investigated whether cyH could drive the pro-tumoral phenotype of macrophages. Here, the effects of cyH on human THP-1 macrophages and murine bone marrow-derived macrophages (BMDM), either unpolarized M0, or polarized in M1 or M2 phenotype were studied. In M0 macrophages, cyH induced a pro-inflammatory phenotype characterized by an increase in TNFα and IL-8/MIP-2 secretion. CyH amplified the pro-inflammatory phenotype of M1 macrophages evidenced by an increased pro-inflammatory cytokine secretion and pro-inflammatory gene expression. Furthermore, cyH increased c-jun activation in human M0 macrophages and highly increased c-jun and NF-κB activation in M1 macrophages. C-jun and p65 are implicated in the effects of cyH on M0 and M1 macrophages since inhibition of their activation prevented the cyH pro-inflammatory effects. In conclusion, we demonstrated that cyH induces or amplifies a pro-inflammatory phenotype in M0 and M1 macrophages by activating JNK/p65 signaling pathway. These results highlight a specific role of cyH in the amplification of tumor-related inflammation by modulating the inflammatory phenotype of macrophages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victor Delprat
- Unit of Biochemistry and Cellular Biology (URBC), Namur Research Institute for LIfe Sciences (NARILIS), University of Namur (UNamur), 61 Rue de Bruxelles, B-5000, Namur, Belgium
| | - Céline Tellier
- Unit of Biochemistry and Cellular Biology (URBC), Namur Research Institute for LIfe Sciences (NARILIS), University of Namur (UNamur), 61 Rue de Bruxelles, B-5000, Namur, Belgium
| | - Catherine Demazy
- Unit of Biochemistry and Cellular Biology (URBC), Namur Research Institute for LIfe Sciences (NARILIS), University of Namur (UNamur), 61 Rue de Bruxelles, B-5000, Namur, Belgium
| | - Martine Raes
- Unit of Biochemistry and Cellular Biology (URBC), Namur Research Institute for LIfe Sciences (NARILIS), University of Namur (UNamur), 61 Rue de Bruxelles, B-5000, Namur, Belgium
| | - Olivier Feron
- Pole of Pharmacology and Therapeutics (FATH 5349), Institut de recherche expérimentale et clinique, UCLouvain, 57 Avenue Hippocrate, B-1200, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Carine Michiels
- Unit of Biochemistry and Cellular Biology (URBC), Namur Research Institute for LIfe Sciences (NARILIS), University of Namur (UNamur), 61 Rue de Bruxelles, B-5000, Namur, Belgium.
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17
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Paul T, Basu S. Vascular onco-therapies targeting continuous and intermittent intra-tumor hypoxia. JOURNAL OF CANCER RESEARCH AND PRACTICE 2020. [DOI: 10.4103/jcrp.jcrp_9_20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
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18
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Masunaga SI, Sakurai Y, Tanaka H, Takata T, Suzuki M, Sanada Y, Tano K, Maruhashi A, Ono K. Usefulness of combination with both continuous administration of hypoxic cytotoxin and mild temperature hyperthermia in boron neutron capture therapy in terms of local tumor response and lung metastatic potential. Int J Radiat Biol 2019; 95:1708-1717. [PMID: 31545117 DOI: 10.1080/09553002.2019.1666214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Purpose: To evaluate the usefulness of combined treatment with both continuous administration of a hypoxic cytotoxin, tirapazamine (TPZ) and mild temperature hyperthermia (MTH) in boron neutron capture therapy (BNCT) in terms of local tumor response and lung metastatic potential, referring to the response of intratumor quiescent (Q) cells.Materials and methods: B16-BL6 melanoma tumor-bearing C57BL/6 mice were continuously given 5-bromo-2'-deoxyuridine (BrdU) to label all proliferating (P) cells. The tumors received reactor thermal neutron beam irradiation following the administration of a 10B-carrier (L-para-boronophenylalanine-10B (BPA) or sodium mercaptoundecahydrododecaborate-10B (BSH)) after single intraperitoneal injection of an acute hypoxia-releasing agent (nicotinamide), MTH (40 °C for 60 min), and 24-h continuous subcutaneous infusion of TPZ or combined treatment with both TPZ and MTH. Immediately after irradiation, cells from some tumors were isolated and incubated with a cytokinesis blocker. The responses of the Q and total (=P + Q) tumor cell populations were assessed based on the frequency of micronuclei using immunofluorescence staining for BrdU. In other tumor-bearing mice, 17 days after irradiation, macroscopic lung metastases were enumerated.Results: BPA-BNCT increased the sensitivity of the total tumor cell population more than BSH-BNCT. However, the sensitivity of Q cells treated with BPA was lower than that of BSH-treated Q cells. With or without a 10B-carrier, combination with continuously administered TPZ with or without MTH enhanced the sensitivity of the both total and Q cells, especially Q cells. Even without irradiation, nicotinamide treatment decreased the number of lung metastases. With irradiation, BPA-BNCT, especially in combination with combined treatment with both TPZ and MTH as well as nicotinamide treatment, showed the potential to reduce the number more than BSH-BNCT.Conclusion: BSH-BNCT combined with TPZ with or without MTH improved local tumor control, while BPA-BNCT in combination with both TPZ and MTH as well as nicotinamide is thought to reduce the number of lung metastases. It was elucidated that control of the chronic hypoxia-rich Q cell population in the primary solid tumor has the potential to impact the control of local tumors as a whole and that control of the acute hypoxia-rich total tumor cell population in the primary solid tumor has the potential to impact the control of lung metastases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shin-Ichiro Masunaga
- Particle Radiation Biology, Division of Radiation Life Science, Institute for Integrated Radiation and Nuclear Science, Kyoto University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yoshinori Sakurai
- Radiation Medical Physics, Division of Radiation Life Science, Institute for Integrated Radiation and Nuclear Science, Kyoto University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Hiroki Tanaka
- Radiation Medical Physics, Division of Radiation Life Science, Institute for Integrated Radiation and Nuclear Science, Kyoto University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Takushi Takata
- Radiation Medical Physics, Division of Radiation Life Science, Institute for Integrated Radiation and Nuclear Science, Kyoto University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Minoru Suzuki
- Particle Radiation Oncology Center, Institute for Integrated Radiation and Nuclear Science, Kyoto University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yu Sanada
- Particle Radiation Biology, Division of Radiation Life Science, Institute for Integrated Radiation and Nuclear Science, Kyoto University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Keizo Tano
- Particle Radiation Biology, Division of Radiation Life Science, Institute for Integrated Radiation and Nuclear Science, Kyoto University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Akira Maruhashi
- Radiation Medical Physics, Division of Radiation Life Science, Institute for Integrated Radiation and Nuclear Science, Kyoto University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Koji Ono
- Kansai BNCT Medical Center, Osaka Medical College, Osaka, Japan
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19
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Saxena K, Jolly MK. Acute vs. Chronic vs. Cyclic Hypoxia: Their Differential Dynamics, Molecular Mechanisms, and Effects on Tumor Progression. Biomolecules 2019; 9:E339. [PMID: 31382593 PMCID: PMC6722594 DOI: 10.3390/biom9080339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 129] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2019] [Revised: 07/31/2019] [Accepted: 08/01/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Hypoxia has been shown to increase the aggressiveness and severity of tumor progression. Along with chronic and acute hypoxic regions, solid tumors contain regions of cycling hypoxia (also called intermittent hypoxia or IH). Cyclic hypoxia is mimicked in vitro and in vivo by periodic exposure to cycles of hypoxia and reoxygenation (H-R cycles). Compared to chronic hypoxia, cyclic hypoxia has been shown to augment various hallmarks of cancer to a greater extent: angiogenesis, immune evasion, metastasis, survival etc. Cycling hypoxia has also been shown to be the major contributing factor in increasing the risk of cancer in obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) patients. Here, we first compare and contrast the effects of acute, chronic and intermittent hypoxia in terms of molecular pathways activated and the cellular processes affected. We highlight the underlying complexity of these differential effects and emphasize the need to investigate various combinations of factors impacting cellular adaptation to hypoxia: total duration of hypoxia, concentration of oxygen (O2), and the presence of and frequency of H-R cycles. Finally, we summarize the effects of cycling hypoxia on various hallmarks of cancer highlighting their dependence on the abovementioned factors. We conclude with a call for an integrative and rigorous analysis of the effects of varying extents and durations of hypoxia on cells, including tools such as mechanism-based mathematical modelling and microfluidic setups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kritika Saxena
- Centre for BioSystems Science and Engineering, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, 560012, India
| | - Mohit Kumar Jolly
- Centre for BioSystems Science and Engineering, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, 560012, India.
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20
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Tajbakhsh A, Rivandi M, Abedini S, Pasdar A, Sahebkar A. Regulators and mechanisms of anoikis in triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC): A review. Crit Rev Oncol Hematol 2019; 140:17-27. [DOI: 10.1016/j.critrevonc.2019.05.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2018] [Revised: 12/13/2018] [Accepted: 05/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
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21
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Jiang W, Zhang Z, Wang Q, Dou J, Zhao Y, Ma Y, Liu H, Xu H, Wang Y. Tumor Reoxygenation and Blood Perfusion Enhanced Photodynamic Therapy using Ultrathin Graphdiyne Oxide Nanosheets. NANO LETTERS 2019; 19:4060-4067. [PMID: 31136712 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.9b01458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Both diffusion-limited and perfusion-limited hypoxia are associated with tumor progression, metastasis, and the resistance to therapeutic modalities. A strategy that can efficiently overcome both types of hypoxia to enhance the efficacy of cancer treatment has not been reported yet. Here, it is shown that by using biomimetic ultrathin graphdiyne oxide (GDYO) nanosheets, both types of hypoxia can be simultaneously addressed toward an ideal photodynamic therapy (PDT). The GDYO nanosheets, which are oxidized and exfoliated from graphdiyne (GDY), are able to efficiently catalyze water oxidation to release O2 and generate singlet oxygen (1O2) using near-infrared irradiation. Meanwhile, GDYO nanosheets also exhibit excellent light-to-heat conversion performance with a photothermal conversion efficiency of 60.8%. Thus, after the GDYO nanosheets are coated with iRGD peptide-modified red blood membrane (i-RBM) to achieve tumor targeting, the biomimetic GDYO@i-RBM nanosheets can simultaneously enhance tumor reoxygenation and blood perfusion for PDT. This study provides new insights into utilizing novel water-splitting materials to relieve both diffusion- and perfusion-limited hypoxia for the development of a novel therapeutic platform.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Jiang
- Division of Molecular Medicine, Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale, CAS Key Laboratory of Innate Immunity and Chronic Disease, School of Life Sciences , University of Science and Technology of China , Hefei , Anhui 230027 , China
| | - Zhen Zhang
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale, CAS Key Laboratory of Soft Matter Chemistry, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering , University of Science and Technology of China , Hefei , Anhui 230026 , China
| | - Qin Wang
- Division of Molecular Medicine, Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale, CAS Key Laboratory of Innate Immunity and Chronic Disease, School of Life Sciences , University of Science and Technology of China , Hefei , Anhui 230027 , China
| | - Jiaxiang Dou
- Division of Molecular Medicine, Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale, CAS Key Laboratory of Innate Immunity and Chronic Disease, School of Life Sciences , University of Science and Technology of China , Hefei , Anhui 230027 , China
| | - Yangyang Zhao
- Division of Molecular Medicine, Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale, CAS Key Laboratory of Innate Immunity and Chronic Disease, School of Life Sciences , University of Science and Technology of China , Hefei , Anhui 230027 , China
| | - Yinchu Ma
- Division of Molecular Medicine, Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale, CAS Key Laboratory of Innate Immunity and Chronic Disease, School of Life Sciences , University of Science and Technology of China , Hefei , Anhui 230027 , China
| | - Huarong Liu
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale, CAS Key Laboratory of Soft Matter Chemistry, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering , University of Science and Technology of China , Hefei , Anhui 230026 , China
| | - Hangxun Xu
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale, CAS Key Laboratory of Soft Matter Chemistry, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering , University of Science and Technology of China , Hefei , Anhui 230026 , China
| | - Yucai Wang
- Division of Molecular Medicine, Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale, CAS Key Laboratory of Innate Immunity and Chronic Disease, School of Life Sciences , University of Science and Technology of China , Hefei , Anhui 230027 , China
- Guangzhou Regenerative Medicine and Health Guangdong Laboratory , Guangzhou , Guangdong 510005 , China
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22
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Intratumor Heterogeneity in Interstitial Fluid Pressure in Cervical and Pancreatic Carcinoma Xenografts. Transl Oncol 2019; 12:1079-1085. [PMID: 31174058 PMCID: PMC6556493 DOI: 10.1016/j.tranon.2019.05.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2019] [Revised: 05/09/2019] [Accepted: 05/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Preclinical studies have suggested that interstitial fluid pressure (IFP) is uniformly elevated in the central region of tumors, whereas clinical studies have revealed that IFP may vary among different measurement sites in the tumor center. IFP measurements are technically difficult, and it has been claimed that the intratumor heterogeneity in IFP reported for human tumors is due to technical problems. The main purpose of this study was to determine conclusively whether IFP may be heterogeneously elevated in the central tumor region, and if so, to reveal possible mechanisms and possible consequences. Tumors of two xenograft models were included in the study: HL-16 cervical carcinoma and Panc-1 pancreatic carcinoma. IFP was measured with Millar SPC 320 catheters in two positions in each tumor and related to tumor histology or the metastatic status of the host mouse. Some tumors of both models showed significant intratumor heterogeneity in IFP, and this heterogeneity was associated with a compartmentalized histological appearance (i.e., the tissue was divided into compartments separated by thick connective tissue bands) in HL-16 tumors and with a dense collagen-I-rich extracellular matrix in Panc-1 tumors, suggesting that these connective tissue structures prevented efficient interstitial convection. Furthermore, some tumors of both models developed lymph node metastases, and of the two IFP values measured in each tumor, only the higher value was significantly higher in metastatic than in non-metastatic tumors, suggesting that metastatic propensity was determined by the tumor region having the highest IFP.
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23
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Smith CJ, Perfetti TA. In vitro cobalt-stimulated hypoxia-inducible factor-1 overexpression does not correlate with cancer risk from cobalt exposure in humans. TOXICOLOGY RESEARCH AND APPLICATION 2019. [DOI: 10.1177/2397847319850167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Carr J Smith
- Albemarle Corporation, Mobile, AL, USA
- Department of Nurse Anesthesia, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL, USA
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24
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Conway JRW, Herrmann D, Evans TRJ, Morton JP, Timpson P. Combating pancreatic cancer with PI3K pathway inhibitors in the era of personalised medicine. Gut 2019; 68:742-758. [PMID: 30396902 PMCID: PMC6580874 DOI: 10.1136/gutjnl-2018-316822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2018] [Revised: 10/02/2018] [Accepted: 10/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is among the most deadly solid tumours. This is due to a generally late-stage diagnosis of a primarily treatment-refractory disease. Several large-scale sequencing and mass spectrometry approaches have identified key drivers of this disease and in doing so highlighted the vast heterogeneity of lower frequency mutations that make clinical trials of targeted agents in unselected patients increasingly futile. There is a clear need for improved biomarkers to guide effective targeted therapies, with biomarker-driven clinical trials for personalised medicine becoming increasingly common in several cancers. Interestingly, many of the aberrant signalling pathways in PDAC rely on downstream signal transduction through the mitogen-activated protein kinase and phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) pathways, which has led to the development of several approaches to target these key regulators, primarily as combination therapies. The following review discusses the trend of PDAC therapy towards molecular subtyping for biomarker-driven personalised therapies, highlighting the key pathways under investigation and their relationship to the PI3K pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- James RW Conway
- Garvan Institute of Medical Research & The Kinghorn Cancer Centre, Cancer Division, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - David Herrmann
- Garvan Institute of Medical Research & The Kinghorn Cancer Centre, Cancer Division, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- St Vincent’s Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - TR Jeffry Evans
- Cancer Department, Cancer Research UK Beatson Institute, Glasgow, UK
- Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Jennifer P Morton
- Cancer Department, Cancer Research UK Beatson Institute, Glasgow, UK
- Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Paul Timpson
- Garvan Institute of Medical Research & The Kinghorn Cancer Centre, Cancer Division, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- St Vincent’s Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
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25
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Bernhardt S, Tönsing C, Mitra D, Erdem N, Müller-Decker K, Korf U, Kreutz C, Timmer J, Wiemann S. Functional Proteomics of Breast Cancer Metabolism Identifies GLUL as Responder during Hypoxic Adaptation. J Proteome Res 2019; 18:1352-1362. [PMID: 30609375 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jproteome.8b00944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Hypoxia as well as metabolism are central hallmarks of cancer, and hypoxia-inducible factors (HIFs) and metabolic effectors are crucial elements in oxygen-compromised tumor environments. Knowledge of changes in the expression of metabolic proteins in response to HIF function could provide mechanistic insights into adaptation to hypoxic stress, tumorigenesis, and disease progression. We analyzed time-resolved alterations in metabolism-associated protein levels in response to different oxygen potentials across breast cancer cell lines. Effects on the cellular metabolism of both HIF-dependent and -independent processes were analyzed by reverse-phase protein array profiling and a custom statistical model. We revealed a strong induction of glucose transporter 1 (GLUT1) and lactate dehydrogenase A (LDHA) as well as reduced glutamate-ammonia ligase (GLUL) protein levels across all cell lines tested as consistent changes upon hypoxia induction. Low GLUL protein levels were correlated with aggressive molecular subtypes in breast cancer patient data sets and also with hypoxic tumor regions in a xenograft mouse tumor model. Moreover, low GLUL expression was associated with poor survival in breast cancer patients and with high HIF-1α-expressing patient subgroups. Our data reveal time-resolved changes in the regulation of metabolic proteins under oxygen-deprived conditions and elucidate GLUL as a strong responder to HIFs and the hypoxic environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephan Bernhardt
- Division of Molecular Genome Analysis , German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ) , Im Neuenheimer Feld 580 , 69120 Heidelberg , Germany
| | - Christian Tönsing
- Institute of Physics , University of Freiburg , Hermann-Herder-Str. 3 , 79104 Freiburg , Germany
| | - Devina Mitra
- Division of Molecular Genome Analysis , German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ) , Im Neuenheimer Feld 580 , 69120 Heidelberg , Germany
| | - Nese Erdem
- Division of Molecular Genome Analysis , German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ) , Im Neuenheimer Feld 580 , 69120 Heidelberg , Germany.,Faculty of Biosciences , Heidelberg University , Im Neuenheimer Feld 234 , 69120 Heidelberg , Germany
| | - Karin Müller-Decker
- DKFZ Tumor Models Core Facility , German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ) , Im Neuenheimer Feld 280 , 69120 Heidelberg , Germany
| | - Ulrike Korf
- Division of Molecular Genome Analysis , German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ) , Im Neuenheimer Feld 580 , 69120 Heidelberg , Germany
| | - Clemens Kreutz
- Center for Systems Biology (ZBSA) , University of Freiburg , Habsburgerstr. 49 , 79104 Freiburg , Germany.,CIBSS Centre for Integrative Biological Signalling Studies , University of Freiburg , Schänzlestr. 18 , 79104 Freiburg , Germany
| | - Jens Timmer
- Institute of Physics , University of Freiburg , Hermann-Herder-Str. 3 , 79104 Freiburg , Germany.,Center for Systems Biology (ZBSA) , University of Freiburg , Habsburgerstr. 49 , 79104 Freiburg , Germany.,CIBSS Centre for Integrative Biological Signalling Studies , University of Freiburg , Schänzlestr. 18 , 79104 Freiburg , Germany
| | - Stefan Wiemann
- Division of Molecular Genome Analysis , German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ) , Im Neuenheimer Feld 580 , 69120 Heidelberg , Germany.,Faculty of Biosciences , Heidelberg University , Im Neuenheimer Feld 234 , 69120 Heidelberg , Germany
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26
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Lam SF, Shirure VS, Chu YE, Soetikno AG, George SC. Microfluidic device to attain high spatial and temporal control of oxygen. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0209574. [PMID: 30571786 PMCID: PMC6301786 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0209574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2018] [Accepted: 12/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Microfluidic devices have been successfully used to recreate in vitro biological microenvironments, including disease states. However, one constant issue for replicating microenvironments is that atmospheric oxygen concentration (21% O2) does not mimic physiological values (often around 5% O2). We have created a microfluidic device that can control both the spatial and temporal variations in oxygen tensions that are characteristic of in vivo biology. Additionally, since the microcirculation is responsive to hypoxia, we used a 3D sprouting angiogenesis assay to confirm the biological relevance of the microfluidic platform. Our device consists of three parallel connected tissue chambers and an oxygen scavenger channel placed adjacent to these tissue chambers. Experimentally measured oxygen maps were constructed using phosphorescent lifetime imaging microscopy and compared with values from a computational model. The central chamber was loaded with endothelial and fibroblast cells to form a 3D vascular network. Four to six days later, fibroblasts were loaded into the side chambers, and a day later the oxygen scavenger (sodium sulfite) was flowed through the adjacent channel to induce a spatial and temporal oxygen gradient. Our results demonstrate that both constant chronic and intermittent hypoxia can bias vessel growth, with constant chronic hypoxia showing higher degrees of biased angiogenesis. Our simple design provides consistent control of spatial and temporal oxygen gradients in the tissue microenvironment and can be used to investigate important oxygen-dependent biological processes in conditions such as cancer and ischemic heart disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra F. Lam
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri, United States of America
| | - Venktesh S. Shirure
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California Davis, Davis, California, United States of America
| | - Yunli E. Chu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri, United States of America
| | - Alan G. Soetikno
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri, United States of America
| | - Steven C. George
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California Davis, Davis, California, United States of America
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27
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Gillies RJ, Brown JS, Anderson ARA, Gatenby RA. Eco-evolutionary causes and consequences of temporal changes in intratumoural blood flow. Nat Rev Cancer 2018; 18:576-585. [PMID: 29891961 PMCID: PMC6441333 DOI: 10.1038/s41568-018-0030-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Temporal changes in blood flow are commonly observed in malignant tumours, but the evolutionary causes and consequences are rarely considered. We propose that stochastic temporal variations in blood flow and microenvironmental conditions arise from the eco-evolutionary dynamics of tumour angiogenesis in which cancer cells, as individual units of selection, can influence and respond only to local environmental conditions. This leads to new vessels arising from the closest available vascular structure regardless of the size or capacity of this parental vessel. These dynamics produce unstable vascular networks with unpredictable spatial and temporal variations in blood flow and microenvironmental conditions. Adaptations of evolving populations to temporally varying environments in nature include increased diversity, greater motility and invasiveness, and highly plastic phenotypes, allowing for broad metabolic adaptability and rapid shifts to high rates of proliferation and profound quiescence. These adaptive strategies, when adopted in cancer cells, promote many commonly observed phenotypic properties including those found in the stem phenotype and in epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition. Temporal variations in intratumoural blood flow, which occur through the promotion of cancer cell phenotypes that facilitate both metastatic spread and resistance to therapy, may have substantial clinical consequences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert J Gillies
- Cancer Biology and Evolution Program, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Joel S Brown
- Cancer Biology and Evolution Program, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, FL, USA
| | | | - Robert A Gatenby
- Cancer Biology and Evolution Program, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, FL, USA.
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28
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Araos J, Sleeman JP, Garvalov BK. The role of hypoxic signalling in metastasis: towards translating knowledge of basic biology into novel anti-tumour strategies. Clin Exp Metastasis 2018; 35:563-599. [DOI: 10.1007/s10585-018-9930-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2018] [Accepted: 08/13/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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29
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Hauge A, Wegner CS, Gaustad JV, Simonsen TG, Andersen LMK, Rofstad EK. Diffusion-Weighted MRI Is Insensitive to Changes in the Tumor Microenvironment Induced by Antiangiogenic Therapy. Transl Oncol 2018; 11:1128-1136. [PMID: 30036782 PMCID: PMC6072800 DOI: 10.1016/j.tranon.2018.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2018] [Revised: 07/03/2018] [Accepted: 07/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Antiangiogenic treatment (AAT) used in combination with radiation therapy or chemotherapy is a promising strategy for the treatment of several cancer diseases. The vascularity and oxygenation of tumors may be changed significantly by AAT, and consequently, a noninvasive method for monitoring AAT-induced changes in these microenvironmental parameters is needed. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the potential usefulness of diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging (DW-MRI). DW-MRI was conducted with a Bruker Biospec 7.05-T scanner using four diffusion weightings and diffusion sensitization gradients in three orthogonal directions. Maps of the apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) were calculated by using a monoexponential diffusion model. Two cervical carcinoma xenograft models (BK-12, HL-16) were treated with bevacizumab, and two pancreatic carcinoma xenograft models (BxPC-3, Panc-1) were treated with sunitinib. Pimonidazole and CD31 were used as markers of hypoxia and blood vessels, respectively, and fraction of hypoxic tissue (HFPim) and microvascular density (MVD) were quantified by analyzing immunohistochemical preparations. MVD decreased significantly after AAT in BK-12, HL-16, and BxPC-3 tumors, and this decrease was sufficiently large to cause a significant increase in HFPim in BK-12 and BxPC-3 tumors. The ADC maps of treated tumors and untreated control tumors were not significantly different in any of these three tumor models, suggesting that the AAT-induced microenvironmental changes were not detectable by DW-MRI. DW-MRI is insensitive to changes in tumor vascularity and oxygenation induced by bevacizumab or sunitinib treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anette Hauge
- Group of Radiation Biology and Tumor Physiology, Department of Radiation Biology, Institute for Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Catherine S Wegner
- Group of Radiation Biology and Tumor Physiology, Department of Radiation Biology, Institute for Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Jon-Vidar Gaustad
- Group of Radiation Biology and Tumor Physiology, Department of Radiation Biology, Institute for Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Trude G Simonsen
- Group of Radiation Biology and Tumor Physiology, Department of Radiation Biology, Institute for Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Lise Mari K Andersen
- Group of Radiation Biology and Tumor Physiology, Department of Radiation Biology, Institute for Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Einar K Rofstad
- Group of Radiation Biology and Tumor Physiology, Department of Radiation Biology, Institute for Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway.
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30
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Wegner CS, Hauge A, Simonsen TG, Gaustad JV, Andersen LMK, Rofstad EK. DCE-MRI of Sunitinib-Induced Changes in Tumor Microvasculature and Hypoxia: A Study of Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma Xenografts. Neoplasia 2018; 20:734-744. [PMID: 29886124 PMCID: PMC6041378 DOI: 10.1016/j.neo.2018.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2018] [Revised: 05/16/2018] [Accepted: 05/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was dual: to investigate (a) whether sunitinib may induce changes in tumor microvasculature and hypoxia in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) and (b) whether any changes can be detected by DCE-MRI. Sunitinib-treated and untreated control tumors of two PDAC xenograft models (BxPC-3 and Panc-1) were subjected to DCE-MRI before the imaged tumors were prepared for quantitative analysis of immunohistochemical preparations. Pimonidazole was used as a hypoxia marker, and fraction of hypoxic tissue (HFPim), density of CD31-positive microvessels (MVDCD31), and density of αSMA-positive microvessels (MVDαSMA) were measured. Parametric images of Ktrans and ve were derived from the DCE-MRI data by using the Tofts pharmacokinetic model. BxPC-3 tumors showed increased HFPim, decreased MVDCD31, unchanged MVDαSMA, and increased vessel maturation index (VMI = MVDαSMA/MVDCD31) after sunitinib treatment. The increase in VMI was seen because sunitinib induced selective pruning rather than maturation of αSMA-negative microvessels. Even though the microvessels in sunitinib-treated tumors were less abnormal than those in untreated tumors, this microvessel normalization did not improve the function of the microvascular network or normalize the tumor microenvironment. In Panc-1 tumors, HFPim, MVDCD31, MVDαSMA, and VMI were unchanged after sunitinib treatment. Median Ktrans increased with increasing MVDCD31 and decreased with increasing HFPim, and the correlations were similar for treated and untreated BXPC-3 and Panc-1 tumors. These observations suggest that sunitinib may induce significant changes in the microenvironment of PDACs, and furthermore, that Ktrans may be an adequate measure of tumor vascular density and hypoxia in untreated as well as sunitinib-treated PDACs.
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Key Words
- αsma, α smooth muscle actin
- angpt/tie, angiopoietin/tyrosine kinase with immunoglobulin-like and epidermal growth factor-like domains
- dce-mri, dynamic contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging
- fov, field of view
- he, hematoxylin and eosin
- hf, hypoxic fraction
- il-8/nf-κb, interleukin-8/nuclear factor-κb
- ktrans, volume transfer constant
- mvd, microvessel density
- pdac, pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma
- roi, region of interest
- te, echo time
- tr, repetition time
- ve, fractional distribution volume
- vegf/vegf-r, vascular endothelial growth factor/vegf-receptor
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Affiliation(s)
- Catherine S Wegner
- Group of Radiation Biology and Tumor Physiology, Department of Radiation Biology, Institute for Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Anette Hauge
- Group of Radiation Biology and Tumor Physiology, Department of Radiation Biology, Institute for Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Trude G Simonsen
- Group of Radiation Biology and Tumor Physiology, Department of Radiation Biology, Institute for Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Jon-Vidar Gaustad
- Group of Radiation Biology and Tumor Physiology, Department of Radiation Biology, Institute for Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Lise Mari K Andersen
- Group of Radiation Biology and Tumor Physiology, Department of Radiation Biology, Institute for Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Einar K Rofstad
- Group of Radiation Biology and Tumor Physiology, Department of Radiation Biology, Institute for Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway.
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31
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Conway JRW, Warren SC, Herrmann D, Murphy KJ, Cazet AS, Vennin C, Shearer RF, Killen MJ, Magenau A, Mélénec P, Pinese M, Nobis M, Zaratzian A, Boulghourjian A, Da Silva AM, Del Monte-Nieto G, Adam ASA, Harvey RP, Haigh JJ, Wang Y, Croucher DR, Sansom OJ, Pajic M, Caldon CE, Morton JP, Timpson P. Intravital Imaging to Monitor Therapeutic Response in Moving Hypoxic Regions Resistant to PI3K Pathway Targeting in Pancreatic Cancer. Cell Rep 2018; 23:3312-3326. [PMID: 29898401 PMCID: PMC6019737 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2018.05.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2017] [Revised: 04/03/2018] [Accepted: 05/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Application of advanced intravital imaging facilitates dynamic monitoring of pathway activity upon therapeutic inhibition. Here, we assess resistance to therapeutic inhibition of the PI3K pathway within the hypoxic microenvironment of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) and identify a phenomenon whereby pronounced hypoxia-induced resistance is observed for three clinically relevant inhibitors. To address this clinical problem, we have mapped tumor hypoxia by both immunofluorescence and phosphorescence lifetime imaging of oxygen-sensitive nanoparticles and demonstrate that these hypoxic regions move transiently around the tumor. To overlay this microenvironmental information with drug response, we applied a FRET biosensor for Akt activity, which is a key effector of the PI3K pathway. Performing dual intravital imaging of drug response in different tumor compartments, we demonstrate an improved drug response to a combination therapy using the dual mTORC1/2 inhibitor AZD2014 with the hypoxia-activated pro-drug TH-302.
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Affiliation(s)
- James R W Conway
- Garvan Institute of Medical Research and The Kinghorn Cancer Centre, Cancer Division, Sydney, NSW 2010, Australia
| | - Sean C Warren
- Garvan Institute of Medical Research and The Kinghorn Cancer Centre, Cancer Division, Sydney, NSW 2010, Australia
| | - David Herrmann
- Garvan Institute of Medical Research and The Kinghorn Cancer Centre, Cancer Division, Sydney, NSW 2010, Australia; St Vincent's Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine, University of NSW, Sydney, NSW 2010, Australia
| | - Kendelle J Murphy
- Garvan Institute of Medical Research and The Kinghorn Cancer Centre, Cancer Division, Sydney, NSW 2010, Australia
| | - Aurélie S Cazet
- Garvan Institute of Medical Research and The Kinghorn Cancer Centre, Cancer Division, Sydney, NSW 2010, Australia
| | - Claire Vennin
- Garvan Institute of Medical Research and The Kinghorn Cancer Centre, Cancer Division, Sydney, NSW 2010, Australia
| | - Robert F Shearer
- Garvan Institute of Medical Research and The Kinghorn Cancer Centre, Cancer Division, Sydney, NSW 2010, Australia
| | - Monica J Killen
- Garvan Institute of Medical Research and The Kinghorn Cancer Centre, Cancer Division, Sydney, NSW 2010, Australia
| | - Astrid Magenau
- Garvan Institute of Medical Research and The Kinghorn Cancer Centre, Cancer Division, Sydney, NSW 2010, Australia; St Vincent's Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine, University of NSW, Sydney, NSW 2010, Australia
| | - Pauline Mélénec
- Garvan Institute of Medical Research and The Kinghorn Cancer Centre, Cancer Division, Sydney, NSW 2010, Australia
| | - Mark Pinese
- Garvan Institute of Medical Research and The Kinghorn Cancer Centre, Cancer Division, Sydney, NSW 2010, Australia; St Vincent's Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine, University of NSW, Sydney, NSW 2010, Australia
| | - Max Nobis
- Garvan Institute of Medical Research and The Kinghorn Cancer Centre, Cancer Division, Sydney, NSW 2010, Australia
| | - Anaiis Zaratzian
- Garvan Institute of Medical Research and The Kinghorn Cancer Centre, Cancer Division, Sydney, NSW 2010, Australia
| | - Alice Boulghourjian
- Garvan Institute of Medical Research and The Kinghorn Cancer Centre, Cancer Division, Sydney, NSW 2010, Australia
| | - Andrew M Da Silva
- Garvan Institute of Medical Research and The Kinghorn Cancer Centre, Cancer Division, Sydney, NSW 2010, Australia
| | - Gonzalo Del Monte-Nieto
- St Vincent's Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine, University of NSW, Sydney, NSW 2010, Australia; Developmental and Stem Cell Biology Division, Victor Chang Cardiac Research Institute, Sydney, NSW 2010, Australia
| | - Arne S A Adam
- Developmental and Stem Cell Biology Division, Victor Chang Cardiac Research Institute, Sydney, NSW 2010, Australia
| | - Richard P Harvey
- St Vincent's Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine, University of NSW, Sydney, NSW 2010, Australia; Developmental and Stem Cell Biology Division, Victor Chang Cardiac Research Institute, Sydney, NSW 2010, Australia; School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Science, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2033, Australia
| | - Jody J Haigh
- Australian Centre for Blood Diseases, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC 3004, Australia
| | - Yingxiao Wang
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
| | - David R Croucher
- Garvan Institute of Medical Research and The Kinghorn Cancer Centre, Cancer Division, Sydney, NSW 2010, Australia; St Vincent's Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine, University of NSW, Sydney, NSW 2010, Australia; School of Medicine and Medical Science, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - Owen J Sansom
- Cancer Research UK Beatson Institute, Switchback Road, Bearsden, Glasgow G61 1BD, UK; Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G61 1QH, UK
| | - Marina Pajic
- Garvan Institute of Medical Research and The Kinghorn Cancer Centre, Cancer Division, Sydney, NSW 2010, Australia; St Vincent's Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine, University of NSW, Sydney, NSW 2010, Australia
| | - C Elizabeth Caldon
- Garvan Institute of Medical Research and The Kinghorn Cancer Centre, Cancer Division, Sydney, NSW 2010, Australia; St Vincent's Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine, University of NSW, Sydney, NSW 2010, Australia
| | - Jennifer P Morton
- Cancer Research UK Beatson Institute, Switchback Road, Bearsden, Glasgow G61 1BD, UK; Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G61 1QH, UK.
| | - Paul Timpson
- Garvan Institute of Medical Research and The Kinghorn Cancer Centre, Cancer Division, Sydney, NSW 2010, Australia; St Vincent's Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine, University of NSW, Sydney, NSW 2010, Australia.
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32
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Hu L, Tang J, Huang X, Zhang T, Feng X. Hypoxia exposure upregulates MALAT-1 and regulates the transcriptional activity of PTB-associated splicing factor in A549 lung adenocarcinoma cells. Oncol Lett 2018; 16:294-300. [PMID: 29928414 PMCID: PMC6006348 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2018.8637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2016] [Accepted: 02/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Hypoxia has been reported to be a critical microenvironmental factor that induces cancer metastasis and proliferation in gastric, liver and hepatic cancers; however, the underlying mechanisms of this are largely unknown. Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) have emerged as crucial factors of several aspects of tumor malignancy, including tumorigenesis, metastasis and chemoresistance. However, the potential association of lncRNAs with hypoxia-induced cancer malignancy remains to be determined. In the present study, the differential expression of lncRNAs following the induction of hypoxia in A549 lung adenocarcinoma cells was analyzed reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction. It was identified that the lncRNA metastasis-associated lung adenocarcinoma transcript-1 (MALAT-1) was upregulated significantly by hypoxia in A549 cells. By considering its promotive effects on malignant tumor behaviors, in the present study, it was identified that upregulated MALAT-1 released the binding of PTB-associated splicing factor (PSF) to its target gene, GAGE6, and thus promoted proliferation, migration and invasion of A549 cells following hypoxia exposure. These results advance the overall understanding of the mechanism of hypoxia-induced lung cancer metastasis and may assist in the development of novel therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling Hu
- Department of Pathology, Chongqing Three Gorges Medical College, Chongqing 400000, P.R. China
| | - Jing Tang
- Department of Pathology, Chongqing Three Gorges Medical College, Chongqing 400000, P.R. China
| | - Xiaohuan Huang
- Department of Pathology, Chongqing Three Gorges Medical College, Chongqing 400000, P.R. China
| | - Tao Zhang
- Department of Pathology, Chongqing Three Gorges Medical College, Chongqing 400000, P.R. China
| | - Xiaoling Feng
- Department of Pathology, Chongqing Three Gorges Medical College, Chongqing 400000, P.R. China
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33
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Increasing aggressiveness of patient-derived xenograft models of cervix carcinoma during serial transplantation. Oncotarget 2018; 9:21036-21051. [PMID: 29765518 PMCID: PMC5940365 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.24783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2017] [Accepted: 02/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Four patient-derived xenograft (PDX) models (BK-12, ED-15, HL-16, LA-19) of carcinoma of the uterine cervix have been developed in our laboratory, and their stability during serial transplantation in vivo was investigated in this study. Two frozen cell stocks were established, one from xenografted tumors in passage 2 (early generation) and the other from xenografted tumors transplanted serially in mice for approximately two years (late generation), and the biology of late generation tumors was compared with that of early generation tumors. Late generation tumors showed higher incidence of lymph node metastases than early generation tumors in three models (ED-15, HL-16, LA-19), and the increased metastatic propensity was associated with increased tumor growth rate, increased microvascular density, and increased expression of angiogenesis-related and cancer stem cell-related genes. Furthermore, late generation tumors showed decreased fraction of pimonidazole-positive tissue (i.e., decreased fraction of hypoxic tissue) in two models (HL-16, LA-19) and decreased fraction of collagen-I-positive tissue (i.e., less extensive extracellular matrix) in two models (ED-15, HL-16). This study showed that serially transplanted PDXs may not necessarily mirror the donor patients’ diseases, and consequently, proper use of serially transplanted PDX models in translational cancer research requires careful molecular monitoring of the models.
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34
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Tátrai E, Bartal A, Gacs A, Paku S, Kenessey I, Garay T, Hegedűs B, Molnár E, Cserepes MT, Hegedűs Z, Kucsma N, Szakács G, Tóvári J. Cell type-dependent HIF1 α-mediated effects of hypoxia on proliferation, migration and metastatic potential of human tumor cells. Oncotarget 2018; 8:44498-44510. [PMID: 28562340 PMCID: PMC5546497 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.17806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2016] [Accepted: 04/24/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Tumor hypoxia promotes neoangiogenesis and contributes to the radio- and chemotherapy resistant and aggressive phenotype of cancer cells. However, the migratory response of tumor cells and the role of small GTPases regulating the organization of cytoskeleton under hypoxic conditions have yet to be established. Accordingly, we measured the proliferation, migration, RhoA activation, the mRNA and protein levels of hypoxia inducible factor-1alpha (HIF-1α) and three small G-proteins, Rac1, cdc42 and RhoA in a panel of five human tumor cell lines under normoxic and hypoxic conditions. Importantly, HT168-M1 human melanoma cells with high baseline migration capacity showed increased HIF-1α and small GTPases expression, RhoA activation and migration under hypoxia. These activities were blocked by anti- HIF-1α shRNA. Moreover, the in vivo metastatic potential was promoted by hypoxia mimicking CoCl2 treatment and reduced upon inhibition of HIF-1α in a spleen to liver colonization experiment. In contrast, HT29 human colon cancer cells with low migration capacity showed limited response to in vitro hypoxia. The expression of the small G-proteins decreased both at mRNA and protein levels and the RhoA activation was reduced. Nevertheless, the number of lung or liver metastatic colonies disseminating from orthotopic HT29 grafts did not change upon CoCl2 or chetomin treatment. Our data demonstrates that the hypoxic environment induces cell-type dependent changes in the levels and activation of small GTPases and results in varying migratory and metastasis promoting responses in different human tumor cell lines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enikő Tátrai
- Department of Experimental Pharmacology, National Institute of Oncology, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Alexandra Bartal
- Department of Experimental Pharmacology, National Institute of Oncology, Budapest, Hungary.,Central Pharmacy, National Institute of Oncology, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Alexandra Gacs
- Department of Experimental Pharmacology, National Institute of Oncology, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Sándor Paku
- st Institute of Pathology and Experimental Cancer Research, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary.,Tumor Progression Research Group, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - István Kenessey
- nd Department of Pathology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary.,National Cancer Registry, National Institute of Oncology, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Tamás Garay
- nd Department of Pathology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Balázs Hegedűs
- Tumor Progression Research Group, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary.,Department of Thoracic Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.,Department of Thoracic Surgery, Ruhrlandklinik, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Eszter Molnár
- nd Department of Pathology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Mihály T Cserepes
- Department of Experimental Pharmacology, National Institute of Oncology, Budapest, Hungary.,Institute of Enzymology, Research Center for Natural Sciences, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Budapest, Hungary.,Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Zita Hegedűs
- Department of Experimental Pharmacology, National Institute of Oncology, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Nóra Kucsma
- Institute of Enzymology, Research Center for Natural Sciences, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Gergely Szakács
- Institute of Enzymology, Research Center for Natural Sciences, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Budapest, Hungary
| | - József Tóvári
- Department of Experimental Pharmacology, National Institute of Oncology, Budapest, Hungary
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Ikegwuonu T, Haddow G, Tait J, Murray AF, Kunkler IH. Horizon scanning implanted biosensors in personalising breast cancer management: First pilot study of breast cancer patients views. Health Sci Rep 2018; 1:30. [PMID: 30613798 PMCID: PMC6266376 DOI: 10.1002/hsr2.30] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2017] [Revised: 11/24/2017] [Accepted: 01/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
AIMS This study aimed to explore breast cancer patients' understanding and acceptability of implanted biosensors (BS) within the primary tumour to personalise adjuvant radiotherapy, and to determine optimal design and number of BS, and evaluate potential clinical benefits as well as concerns about tolerance, toxicity, dwell time, and confidentiality of data. PATIENTS AND METHODS A total of 32 patients treated by surgery (29 breast conserving, 3 mastectomy), postoperative radiotherapy and systemic therapy for early breast cancer, were recruited from a posttreatment radiotherapy clinic at a cancer centre. Patients participated in semistructured interviews. Interview transcripts were analysed using qualitative methods. RESULTS Participants were aged 39 to 87 years, with a median age of 62 years. Most (N = 23[72%]) were unfamiliar with biosensors. The majority (N = 29[90.6%]) were supportive of the technology's potential use in future breast cancer treatment and were willing to accept biosensors (N = 28[88%]) if they were endorsed by their breast cancer consultant. Only 3 patients expressed concerns, predominantly about uncertainties on their role in the diagnostic and treatment pathway. Patients were flexible about the size and shape of BS, but had a preference for small size (N = 28 [87.5%]). Most (N = 22[69%]) would accept implantation of more than 5 BS and were flexible (N = 22[69%]) about indefinite dwell time. Patients had a strong preference for wireless powering of the BS (N = 28[87.5%]). Few had concerns about loss of confidentiality of data collected. All patients considered biosensors to be potentially of important clinical benefit. CONCLUSIONS While knowledge of biosensors was limited, patients were generally supportive of biosensors implanted within the primary tumour to collect data that might personalise and improve breast cancer radiotherapy in future.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Gill Haddow
- Science, Technology and Innovation StudiesThe University of EdinburghEdinburghScotland
| | - Joyce Tait
- Innogen InstituteThe University of EdinburghEdinburghScotland
| | - Alan F. Murray
- Institute for Bioengineering, School of EngineeringUniversity of EdinburghEdinburghScotland
| | - Ian H. Kunkler
- Edinburgh Cancer Research Centre, Institute of Genetic and Molecular MedicineWestern General HospitalEdinburghScotland
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Zhu Y, Gao X, Yang J, Xu D, Zhang Y, Lu M, Zhang Z, Sheng Y, Li J, Yu X, Zheng Y, Dong Q, Qin L. C-C chemokine receptor type 1 mediates osteopontin-promoted metastasis in hepatocellular carcinoma. Cancer Sci 2018; 109:710-723. [PMID: 29285854 PMCID: PMC5834777 DOI: 10.1111/cas.13487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2017] [Revised: 12/16/2017] [Accepted: 12/25/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
In the hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) microenvironment, chemokine receptors play a critical role in tumorigenesis and metastasis. Our previous studies have found that osteopontin (OPN) is a promoter for HCC metastasis. However, the role of chemokine receptors in OPN-induced HCC metastasis remains unclear. In this study, we demonstrate that OPN is dramatically elevated in HCC tissues with metastasis and that high expression of OPN correlates with poorer overall survival and higher recurrence rate. OPN upregulates chemokine receptor expression, migration, invasion and pulmonary metastasis in HCC. We find that C-C chemokine receptor type 1 (CCR1) and C-X-C chemokine receptor type 6 (CXCR6) are the most upregulated chemokine receptors induced by OPN. CCR1 knockdown results in reduction of migration, invasion and pulmonary metastasis induced by OPN in vitro and in vivo, whereas CXCR6 knockdown does not reverse OPN-promoted migration and invasion. Moreover, OPN upregulates the expression of CCR1 through activating phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K)/AKT and hypoxia-inducible factor 1α (HIF-1α) in HCC cells. Furthermore, blockade of OPN-CCR1 axis with CCR1 antagonist significantly restrains the promoting effects of OPN on HCC progression and metastasis. In human HCC tissues, OPN expression shows significantly positive correlation with CCR1 expression, and the patients with high levels of both OPN and CCR1 have the most dismal prognosis. Collectively, our results indicate that the OPN-CCR1 axis in HCC is important for accelerating tumor metastasis and that CCR1 is a potential therapeutic target for controlling metastasis in HCC patients with high OPN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Zhu
- Department of General SurgeryHuashan HospitalCancer Metastasis InstituteFudan UniversityShanghaiChina
- Institutes of Biomedical SciencesFudan UniversityShanghaiChina
- Institutes of Cancer MetastasisFudan UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Xiao‐Mei Gao
- Department of General SurgeryHuashan HospitalCancer Metastasis InstituteFudan UniversityShanghaiChina
- Institutes of Biomedical SciencesFudan UniversityShanghaiChina
- Institutes of Cancer MetastasisFudan UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Jing Yang
- Department of General SurgeryHuashan HospitalCancer Metastasis InstituteFudan UniversityShanghaiChina
- Institutes of Biomedical SciencesFudan UniversityShanghaiChina
- Institutes of Cancer MetastasisFudan UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Da Xu
- Department of General SurgeryHuashan HospitalCancer Metastasis InstituteFudan UniversityShanghaiChina
- Institutes of Biomedical SciencesFudan UniversityShanghaiChina
- Institutes of Cancer MetastasisFudan UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Yu Zhang
- Department of General SurgeryHuashan HospitalCancer Metastasis InstituteFudan UniversityShanghaiChina
- Institutes of Biomedical SciencesFudan UniversityShanghaiChina
- Institutes of Cancer MetastasisFudan UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Ming Lu
- Department of General SurgeryHuashan HospitalCancer Metastasis InstituteFudan UniversityShanghaiChina
- Institutes of Biomedical SciencesFudan UniversityShanghaiChina
- Institutes of Cancer MetastasisFudan UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Ze Zhang
- Department of General SurgeryHuashan HospitalCancer Metastasis InstituteFudan UniversityShanghaiChina
- Institutes of Biomedical SciencesFudan UniversityShanghaiChina
- Institutes of Cancer MetastasisFudan UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Yuan‐Yuan Sheng
- Department of General SurgeryHuashan HospitalCancer Metastasis InstituteFudan UniversityShanghaiChina
- Institutes of Biomedical SciencesFudan UniversityShanghaiChina
- Institutes of Cancer MetastasisFudan UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Jian‐Hua Li
- Department of General SurgeryHuashan HospitalCancer Metastasis InstituteFudan UniversityShanghaiChina
- Institutes of Biomedical SciencesFudan UniversityShanghaiChina
- Institutes of Cancer MetastasisFudan UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Xin‐Xin Yu
- Department of General SurgeryHuashan HospitalCancer Metastasis InstituteFudan UniversityShanghaiChina
- Institutes of Biomedical SciencesFudan UniversityShanghaiChina
- Institutes of Cancer MetastasisFudan UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Yan Zheng
- Department of General SurgeryHuashan HospitalCancer Metastasis InstituteFudan UniversityShanghaiChina
- Institutes of Biomedical SciencesFudan UniversityShanghaiChina
- Institutes of Cancer MetastasisFudan UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Qiong‐Zhu Dong
- Department of General SurgeryHuashan HospitalCancer Metastasis InstituteFudan UniversityShanghaiChina
- Institutes of Biomedical SciencesFudan UniversityShanghaiChina
- Institutes of Cancer MetastasisFudan UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Lun‐Xiu Qin
- Department of General SurgeryHuashan HospitalCancer Metastasis InstituteFudan UniversityShanghaiChina
- Institutes of Biomedical SciencesFudan UniversityShanghaiChina
- Institutes of Cancer MetastasisFudan UniversityShanghaiChina
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Rofstad EK, Huang R, Galappathi K, Andersen LMK, Wegner CS, Hauge A, Gaustad JV, Simonsen TG. Functional intratumoral lymphatics in patient-derived xenograft models of squamous cell carcinoma of the uterine cervix: implications for lymph node metastasis. Oncotarget 2018; 7:56986-56997. [PMID: 27486768 PMCID: PMC5302967 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.10931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2016] [Accepted: 07/19/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Studies of cell line-derived human tumor xenografts have suggested that the lymphatics seen in immunohistochemical preparations from non-peripheral regions of tumors are nonfunctional. In this investigation, lymphangiogenesis, hemangiogenesis, and lymph node metastasis were studied in patient-derived xenograft (PDX) models of carcinoma of the uterine cervix. Lymph vessel density (LVD) and blood vessel density (BVD) were measured in immunohistochemical preparations. The expression of angiogenesis-related genes was investigated by quantitative PCR. Lymphatic functionality was assessed with the ferritin assay, and tumor interstitial fluid pressure (IFP) was measured with a Millar catheter. The PDX models mirrored the angiogenesis and aggressiveness of the donor patients' tumors, and two highly aggressive models developed functional lymphatics within the tumor mass. Tumors with functional intratumoral lymphatics showed low IFP, high LVD, high BVD, high expression of a large number of angiogenesis-related genes, and high incidence of lymph node metastases. LVD correlated with BVD, and lymph node metastasis was associated with high LVD and high BVD. Nine angiogenesis-related genes associated with the development of functional intratumoral lymhatics were identified. High expression of these genes, high LVD, and high BVD may be important biomarkers for poor outcome in cervix carcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Einar K Rofstad
- Group of Radiation Biology and Tumor Physiology, Department of Radiation Biology, Institute for Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Ruixia Huang
- Group of Radiation Biology and Tumor Physiology, Department of Radiation Biology, Institute for Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Kanthi Galappathi
- Group of Radiation Biology and Tumor Physiology, Department of Radiation Biology, Institute for Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Lise Mari K Andersen
- Group of Radiation Biology and Tumor Physiology, Department of Radiation Biology, Institute for Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Catherine S Wegner
- Group of Radiation Biology and Tumor Physiology, Department of Radiation Biology, Institute for Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Anette Hauge
- Group of Radiation Biology and Tumor Physiology, Department of Radiation Biology, Institute for Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Jon-Vidar Gaustad
- Group of Radiation Biology and Tumor Physiology, Department of Radiation Biology, Institute for Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Trude G Simonsen
- Group of Radiation Biology and Tumor Physiology, Department of Radiation Biology, Institute for Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
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38
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Mikalsen SG, Jeppesen Edin N, Sandvik JA, Pettersen EO. Separation of two sub-groups with different DNA content after treatment of T-47D breast cancer cells with low dose-rate irradiation and intermittent hypoxia. Acta Radiol 2018; 59:26-33. [PMID: 28350256 DOI: 10.1177/0284185117699999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Background Previous studies have shown that combined treatment with internal ultra-low dose-rate irradiation selectively inactivated hypoxic T-47D breast cancer cells after three to five weeks of treatment. However, 2-3% of the hypoxic cells were found to survive and restart proliferation upon re-oxygenation. Purpose To investigate the metastatic potential and characteristics of radiosensitivity of these surviving cells, named T - 47 DS. Material and Methods The T - 47 DS cells were grown in ambient air without irradiation. A cloning experiment identified two sub-groups with different DNA content ([Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text]). Furthermore, radiosensitivity and presence of hyper-radiosensitivity (HRS) was measured by Co-60 challenge irradiation and relative migration was determined by scratch assays. Results The two subpopulations of T - 47 DS had different DNA content; one had abnormally high DNA content ([Formula: see text]) and one had DNA content similar to wild-type T-47D cells ([Formula: see text]). HRS was surprisingly present in cells of the cloned population [Formula: see text], but was absent in cells of both [Formula: see text] and T - 47 DS. The radio response of T - 47 DS, [Formula: see text] at higher radiation doses were similar to that of T-47D cells, and neither subpopulation showed increased migration compared with wild-type T-47D. Conclusion No increase in the risk of metastasis was found and only slight changes in radiosensitivity in response to conventional clinical doses was observed. Thus, the data suggest that if ultra-low dose-rate irradiation is used for targeting the hypoxic tumor fraction, conventional high dose-rate irradiation can be used to eradicate eventual surviving cells as well as cells in the well oxygenated areas of the tumor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stine Gyland Mikalsen
- Department of Physics, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Medical Physics, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
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Wegner CS, Hauge A, Gaustad JV, Andersen LMK, Simonsen TG, Galappathi K, Rofstad EK. Dynamic contrast-enhanced MRI of the microenvironment of pancreatic adenocarcinoma xenografts. Acta Oncol 2017; 56:1754-1762. [PMID: 28661213 DOI: 10.1080/0284186x.2017.1343494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is an aggressive disease with poor outcome. Resistance to treatment is associated with impaired vascularity, extensive hypoxia, and interstitial hypertension. In this study, the potential of dynamic contrast-enhanced (DCE)-MRI as a method for assessing the microvascular density (MVD), the fraction of hypoxic tissue, and the interstitial fluid pressure (IFP) of PDACs was investigated. MATERIAL AND METHODS Intramuscular BxPC-3, Capan-2, MIAPaCa-2, and Panc-1 PDAC xenografts were used as preclinical models of human PDACs. DCE-MRI with Gd-DOTA as contrast agent was conducted with a 7.05-T scanner, and the DCE-MRI series were analyzed voxelwise by using the Tofts pharmacokinetic model. Tumor MVD and hypoxia were measured in histological preparations by using pimonidazole as a hypoxia marker and CD31 as a marker of endothelial cells. IFP was measured with a Millar catheter. RESULTS Ktrans (the volume transfer constant of Gd-DOTA) increased with increasing MVD and decreased with increasing hypoxic fraction, but was not associated with IFP. Any association between ve (the fractional distribution volume of Gd-DOTA) and MVD, hypoxic fraction, or IFP could not be detected. CONCLUSIONS This study shows that DCE-MRI is a useful modality for assessing important features of the microenvironment of PDAC xenografts and thus provides the basis for future preclinical and clinical DCE-MRI investigations of PDAC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catherine S. Wegner
- Group of Radiation Biology and Tumor Physiology, Department of Radiation Biology, Institute for Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Anette Hauge
- Group of Radiation Biology and Tumor Physiology, Department of Radiation Biology, Institute for Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Jon-Vidar Gaustad
- Group of Radiation Biology and Tumor Physiology, Department of Radiation Biology, Institute for Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Lise Mari K. Andersen
- Group of Radiation Biology and Tumor Physiology, Department of Radiation Biology, Institute for Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Trude G. Simonsen
- Group of Radiation Biology and Tumor Physiology, Department of Radiation Biology, Institute for Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Kanthi Galappathi
- Group of Radiation Biology and Tumor Physiology, Department of Radiation Biology, Institute for Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Einar K. Rofstad
- Group of Radiation Biology and Tumor Physiology, Department of Radiation Biology, Institute for Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
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40
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Hauge A, Wegner CS, Gaustad JV, Simonsen TG, Andersen LMK, Rofstad EK. DCE-MRI of patient-derived xenograft models of uterine cervix carcinoma: associations with parameters of the tumor microenvironment. J Transl Med 2017; 15:225. [PMID: 29100521 PMCID: PMC5670634 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-017-1331-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2017] [Accepted: 10/27/2017] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Abnormalities in the tumor microenvironment are associated with resistance to treatment, aggressive growth, and poor clinical outcome in patients with advanced cervical cancer. The potential of dynamic contrast-enhanced (DCE) MRI to assess the microvascular density (MVD), interstitial fluid pressure (IFP), and hypoxic fraction of patient-derived cervical cancer xenografts was investigated in the present study. METHODS Four patient-derived xenograft (PDX) models of squamous cell carcinoma of the uterine cervix (BK-12, ED-15, HL-16, and LA-19) were subjected to Gd-DOTA-based DCE-MRI using a 7.05 T preclinical scanner. Parametric images of the volume transfer constant (K trans) and the fractional distribution volume (v e) of the contrast agent were produced by pharmacokinetic analyses utilizing the standard Tofts model. Whole tumor median values of the DCE-MRI parameters were compared with MVD and the fraction of hypoxic tumor tissue, as determined histologically, and IFP, as measured with a Millar catheter. RESULTS Both on the PDX model level and the single tumor level, a significant inverse correlation was found between K trans and hypoxic fraction. The extent of hypoxia was also associated with the fraction of voxels with unphysiological v e values (v e > 1.0). None of the DCE-MRI parameters were related to MVD or IFP. CONCLUSIONS DCE-MRI may provide valuable information on the hypoxic fraction of squamous cell carcinoma of the uterine cervix, and thereby facilitate individualized patient management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anette Hauge
- Group of Radiation Biology and Tumor Physiology, Department of Radiation Biology, Institute for Cancer Research, The Norwegian Radium Hospital, Oslo University Hospital, P. O. Box 4953 Nydalen, 0424, Oslo, Norway
| | - Catherine S Wegner
- Group of Radiation Biology and Tumor Physiology, Department of Radiation Biology, Institute for Cancer Research, The Norwegian Radium Hospital, Oslo University Hospital, P. O. Box 4953 Nydalen, 0424, Oslo, Norway
| | - Jon-Vidar Gaustad
- Group of Radiation Biology and Tumor Physiology, Department of Radiation Biology, Institute for Cancer Research, The Norwegian Radium Hospital, Oslo University Hospital, P. O. Box 4953 Nydalen, 0424, Oslo, Norway
| | - Trude G Simonsen
- Group of Radiation Biology and Tumor Physiology, Department of Radiation Biology, Institute for Cancer Research, The Norwegian Radium Hospital, Oslo University Hospital, P. O. Box 4953 Nydalen, 0424, Oslo, Norway
| | - Lise Mari K Andersen
- Group of Radiation Biology and Tumor Physiology, Department of Radiation Biology, Institute for Cancer Research, The Norwegian Radium Hospital, Oslo University Hospital, P. O. Box 4953 Nydalen, 0424, Oslo, Norway
| | - Einar K Rofstad
- Group of Radiation Biology and Tumor Physiology, Department of Radiation Biology, Institute for Cancer Research, The Norwegian Radium Hospital, Oslo University Hospital, P. O. Box 4953 Nydalen, 0424, Oslo, Norway.
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Huang R, Andersen LMK, Rofstad EK. Metastatic pathway and the microvascular and physicochemical microenvironments of human melanoma xenografts. J Transl Med 2017; 15:203. [PMID: 29017512 PMCID: PMC5634823 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-017-1307-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2017] [Accepted: 09/26/2017] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Malignant melanoma of the skin can metastasize through blood vessels and lymphatics. The primary tumor develops a vascular microenvironment characterized by abnormal blood vessels and lymphatics and a physicochemical microenvironment characterized by low oxygen tension, regions with hypoxic tissue, and high interstitial fluid pressure (IFP). This study aimed at identifying relationships between the metastatic route of melanomas and characteristic features of the microvascular and physicochemical microenvironments of the primary tumor. METHODS Two patient-derived xenograft (PDX) models (E-13, N-15) and four cell line-derived xenografts (CDX) models (C-10, D-12, R-18, T-22) of human melanoma were included in the study. Tumors were transplanted to an orthotopic site in BALB/c-nu/nu mice, and when the tumors had grown to a volume of 500-600 mm3, the IFP of the primary tumor was measured and the hypoxia marker pimonidazole was administered before the host mouse was euthanized. The primary tumor, lungs, and six pairs of lymph nodes were evaluated by examining hematoxylin/eosin-stained and immunostained histological preparations. The expression of angiogenesis-related genes was assessed by quantitative PCR. RESULTS C-10, D-12, and E-13 tumors disseminated primarily by the hematogenous route and developed pulmonary metastases. These tumors showed high angiogenic activity and high expression of the F3 gene as well as ANGPT2 and TIE1, genes encoding proteins of the angiopoietin-tie system. N-15, R-18, and T-22 tumors disseminated mainly by the lymphogenous route and developed metastases in draining lymph nodes. These tumors had highly elevated IFP and showed high expression of NRP2, a gene encoding neuropilin-2. CONCLUSION The primary metastatic route of orthotopic human melanoma xenografts and the development of lung and lymph node metastases are influenced significantly by the microvascular and physicochemical microenvironments of the primary tumor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruixia Huang
- Group of Radiation Biology and Tumor Physiology, Department of Radiation Biology, Institute for Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Lise Mari K. Andersen
- Group of Radiation Biology and Tumor Physiology, Department of Radiation Biology, Institute for Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Einar K. Rofstad
- Group of Radiation Biology and Tumor Physiology, Department of Radiation Biology, Institute for Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Radiation Biology, Institute for Cancer Research, Norwegian Radium Hospital, Box 4953, Nydalen, 0424 Oslo, Norway
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Maley CC, Aktipis A, Graham TA, Sottoriva A, Boddy AM, Janiszewska M, Silva AS, Gerlinger M, Yuan Y, Pienta KJ, Anderson KS, Gatenby R, Swanton C, Posada D, Wu CI, Schiffman JD, Hwang ES, Polyak K, Anderson ARA, Brown JS, Greaves M, Shibata D. Classifying the evolutionary and ecological features of neoplasms. Nat Rev Cancer 2017; 17:605-619. [PMID: 28912577 PMCID: PMC5811185 DOI: 10.1038/nrc.2017.69] [Citation(s) in RCA: 243] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Neoplasms change over time through a process of cell-level evolution, driven by genetic and epigenetic alterations. However, the ecology of the microenvironment of a neoplastic cell determines which changes provide adaptive benefits. There is widespread recognition of the importance of these evolutionary and ecological processes in cancer, but to date, no system has been proposed for drawing clinically relevant distinctions between how different tumours are evolving. On the basis of a consensus conference of experts in the fields of cancer evolution and cancer ecology, we propose a framework for classifying tumours that is based on four relevant components. These are the diversity of neoplastic cells (intratumoural heterogeneity) and changes over time in that diversity, which make up an evolutionary index (Evo-index), as well as the hazards to neoplastic cell survival and the resources available to neoplastic cells, which make up an ecological index (Eco-index). We review evidence demonstrating the importance of each of these factors and describe multiple methods that can be used to measure them. Development of this classification system holds promise for enabling clinicians to personalize optimal interventions based on the evolvability of the patient's tumour. The Evo- and Eco-indices provide a common lexicon for communicating about how neoplasms change in response to interventions, with potential implications for clinical trials, personalized medicine and basic cancer research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlo C Maley
- Virginia G. Piper Center for Personalized Diagnostics, Biodesign Institute, Arizona State University, 1001 S. McAllister Ave, Tempe, Arizona 85287, USA
| | - Athena Aktipis
- Department of Psychology, Center for Evolution and Medicine, Arizona State University, 651 E. University Drive, Tempe, Arizona 85287, USA
| | - Trevor A Graham
- Evolution and Cancer Laboratory, Centre for Tumour Biology, Barts Cancer Institute, Queen Mary University of London, Charterhouse Square, London EC1M 6BQ, UK
| | - Andrea Sottoriva
- Centre for Evolution and Cancer, The Institute of Cancer Research, 15 Cotswold Road, Sutton, London SM2 5NG, UK
| | - Amy M Boddy
- Department of Anthropology, University of California Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, California 93106, USA
| | - Michalina Janiszewska
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, 450 Brookline Avenue D740C, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, USA
| | - Ariosto S Silva
- Department of Cancer Imaging and Metabolism, Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, 12902 Magnolia Drive, Tampa, Florida 33612, USA
| | - Marco Gerlinger
- Centre for Evolution and Cancer, Division of Molecular Pathology, The Institute of Cancer Research, 237 Fulham Road, London SW3 6JB, UK
| | - Yinyin Yuan
- Centre for Evolution and Cancer, The Institute of Cancer Research, 15 Cotswold Road, Sutton, London SM2 5NG, UK
| | - Kenneth J Pienta
- Brady Urological Institute, The Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, 600 N. Wolfe Street, Baltimore, Maryland 21287, USA
| | - Karen S Anderson
- Virginia G. Piper Center for Personalized Diagnostics, Biodesign Institute, Arizona State University, 1001 S. McAllister Ave, Tempe, Arizona 85287, USA
| | - Robert Gatenby
- Cancer Biology and Evolution Program, Moffitt Cancer Center, 12902 Magnolia Drive, Tampa, Florida 33612, USA
| | - Charles Swanton
- Cancer Research UK Lung Cancer Centre of Excellence, University College London Cancer Institute, Paul O'Gorman Building, 72 Huntley Street, London WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - David Posada
- Department of Biochemistry, Genetics and Immunology and Biomedical Research Center (CINBIO), University of Vigo, Spain; Galicia Sur Health Research Institute, Vigo, 36310, Spain
| | - Chung-I Wu
- Department of Ecology and Evolution, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA
| | - Joshua D Schiffman
- Departments of Pediatrics and Oncological Sciences, Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah, 2000 Circle of Hope, Salt Lake City, Utah 84108, USA
| | - E Shelley Hwang
- Department of Surgery, Duke University and Duke Cancer Institute, 465 Seeley Mudd Building, Durham, North Carolina 27710, USA
| | - Kornelia Polyak
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, 450 Brookline Avenue D740C, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, USA
| | - Alexander R A Anderson
- Integrated Mathematical Oncology Department, Moffitt Cancer Center, 12902 Magnolia Drive, Tampa, Florida 33612, USA
| | - Joel S Brown
- Integrated Mathematical Oncology Department, Moffitt Cancer Center, 12902 Magnolia Drive, Tampa, Florida 33612, USA
| | - Mel Greaves
- Centre for Evolution and Cancer, The Institute of Cancer Research, 15 Cotswold Road, Sutton, London SM2 5NG, UK
| | - Darryl Shibata
- Department of Pathology, Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Southern California, 1441 Eastlake Avenue, NOR2424, Los Angeles, California 90033, USA
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Zhou Y, Wang Y, Zhao Z, Wang Y, Zhang N, Zhang H, Liu L. 37LRP induces invasion in hypoxic lung adenocarcinoma cancer cells A549 through the JNK/ERK/c-Jun signaling cascade. Tumour Biol 2017; 39:1010428317701655. [PMID: 28618937 DOI: 10.1177/1010428317701655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
We previously reported that 37-kDa laminin receptor precursor involved in metastasis of lung adenocarcinoma cancer cells. In this study, we further revealed that hypoxia induced 37-kDa laminin receptor precursor expression and activation of extracellular signal-regulated protein kinase, c-Jun N-terminal kinase, and p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase in lung adenocarcinoma cancer cells. In addition, we further demonstrated that the c-Jun N-terminal kinase inhibitor SP600125 and extracellular signal-regulated protein kinase inhibitor U0126 blocked the c-Jun activity and abolished hypoxia-induced 37-kDa laminin receptor precursor expression and promoter activity in a concentration-dependent manner. However, the p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase inhibitor did not affect 37-kDa laminin receptor precursor expression and c-Jun activity in response to hypoxia. Furthermore, downregulated c-Jun expression by short interfering RNA could also inhibit hypoxia-induced 37-kDa laminin receptor precursor expression and transcriptional activity. The inhibition of 37-kDa laminin receptor precursor expression by SP600125 and U0126 could be rescued by c-Jun overexpression. Studies using luciferase promoter constructs revealed a significant increase in the activity of promoter binding in the cells exposed to hypoxia, which was lost in the cells with mutation of the activator protein 1 binding site. Electrophoresis mobility shift assay and chromatin immunoprecipitation demonstrated a functional activator protein 1 binding site within 37-kDa laminin receptor precursor gene regulatory sequence located at -271 relative to the transcriptional initiation point. Hypoxia-induced invasion of A549 cells was inhibited by the pharmacologic inhibitors of c-Jun N-terminal kinase (SP600125) and extracellular signal-regulated protein kinase (U0126) as well as 37-kDa laminin receptor precursor-specific siRNA or antibody. Our results suggest that hypoxia-elicited c-Jun/activator protein 1 regulates 37-kDa laminin receptor precursor expression, which modulates migration and invasion of lung adenocarcinoma cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongan Zhou
- 1 Department of Thoracic Surgery, Tangdu Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Yafang Wang
- 2 Department of Oncology, Tangdu Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Zhengwei Zhao
- 1 Department of Thoracic Surgery, Tangdu Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Yanxia Wang
- 3 Department of Pathology and Pathophysiology, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Ning Zhang
- 2 Department of Oncology, Tangdu Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Helong Zhang
- 2 Department of Oncology, Tangdu Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Lili Liu
- 2 Department of Oncology, Tangdu Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
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Andersen LMK, Wegner CS, Simonsen TG, Huang R, Gaustad JV, Hauge A, Galappathi K, Rofstad EK. Lymph node metastasis and the physicochemical micro-environment of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma xenografts. Oncotarget 2017; 8:48060-48074. [PMID: 28624797 PMCID: PMC5564626 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.18231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2016] [Accepted: 05/01/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) patients develop lymph node metastases early and have a particularly poor prognosis. The poor prognosis has been shown to be associated with the physicochemical microenvironment of the tumor tissue, which is characterized by desmoplasia, abnormal microvasculature, extensive hypoxia, and highly elevated interstitial fluid pressure (IFP). In this study, we searched for associations between lymph node metastasis and features of the physicochemical microenvironment in an attempt to identify mechanisms leading to metastatic dissemination and growth. BxPC-3 and Capan-2 PDAC xenografts were used as preclinical models of human PDAC. In both models, lymph node metastasis was associated with high IFP rather than high fraction of hypoxic tissue or high microvascular density. Seven angiogenesis-related genes associated with high IFP-associated lymph node metastasis were detected by quantitative PCR in each of the models, and these genes were all up-regulated in high IFP/highly metastatic tumors. Three genes were mutual for the BxPC-3 and Capan-2 models: transforming growth factor beta, angiogenin, and insulin-like growth factor 1. Further comprehensive studies are needed to determine whether there is a causal relationship between the up-regulation of these genes and high IFP and/or high propensity for lymph node metastasis in PDAC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lise Mari K. Andersen
- Group of Radiation Biology and Tumor Physiology, Department of Radiation Biology, Institute for Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Catherine S. Wegner
- Group of Radiation Biology and Tumor Physiology, Department of Radiation Biology, Institute for Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Trude G. Simonsen
- Group of Radiation Biology and Tumor Physiology, Department of Radiation Biology, Institute for Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Ruixia Huang
- Group of Radiation Biology and Tumor Physiology, Department of Radiation Biology, Institute for Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Jon-Vidar Gaustad
- Group of Radiation Biology and Tumor Physiology, Department of Radiation Biology, Institute for Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Anette Hauge
- Group of Radiation Biology and Tumor Physiology, Department of Radiation Biology, Institute for Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Kanthi Galappathi
- Group of Radiation Biology and Tumor Physiology, Department of Radiation Biology, Institute for Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Einar K. Rofstad
- Group of Radiation Biology and Tumor Physiology, Department of Radiation Biology, Institute for Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
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Interleukin-8 mRNA Expression in Locally Advanced Colorectal Cancer Patients. CURRENT HEALTH SCIENCES JOURNAL 2017; 43:209-213. [PMID: 30595877 PMCID: PMC6284832 DOI: 10.12865/chsj.43.03.04] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2017] [Accepted: 09/16/2017] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Purpose: Interleukin-8 (IL-8) has been proven to promote progression of malignant tumours and control angiogenesis processes. We aim to determine and compare interleukin-8 (IL-8) gene expression level in colorectal tumors (CCR) and peritumoral samples obtained through endoscopic biopsy. Material and methods: Total mRNA was obtained from both tumoral and peritumoral tissue samples collected from patients diagnosed with colorectal cancer. Through Quantitative Real Time PCR, IL-8 gene expression was assessed in both pathologic tissue and adjacent normal mucosa. Results: In our cohort, IL8 expression was higher in adjacent normal mucosa than in tumoral tissue, in all the samples. Further studies on larger groups are required to validate our results.
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Almendros I, Martinez-Garcia MÁ, Obeso A, Gozal D. Obstructive Sleep Apnea and Cancer: Insights from Intermittent Hypoxia Experimental Models. CURRENT SLEEP MEDICINE REPORTS 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s40675-017-0064-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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47
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Molecular targeting of hypoxia in radiotherapy. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2017; 109:45-62. [PMID: 27771366 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2016.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 118] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2016] [Revised: 10/02/2016] [Accepted: 10/15/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Hypoxia (low O2) is an essential microenvironmental driver of phenotypic diversity in human solid cancers. Hypoxic cancer cells hijack evolutionarily conserved, O2- sensitive pathways eliciting molecular adaptations that impact responses to radiotherapy, tumor recurrence and patient survival. In this review, we summarize the radiobiological, genetic, epigenetic and metabolic mechanisms orchestrating oncogenic responses to hypoxia. In addition, we outline emerging hypoxia- targeting strategies that hold promise for individualized cancer therapy in the context of radiotherapy and drug delivery.
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Development of a mathematical model to estimate intra-tumor oxygen concentrations through multi-parametric imaging. Biomed Eng Online 2016; 15:114. [PMID: 27733170 PMCID: PMC5062945 DOI: 10.1186/s12938-016-0235-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2016] [Accepted: 10/04/2016] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Tumor hypoxia is involved in every stage of solid tumor development: formation, progression, metastasis, and apoptosis. Two types of hypoxia exist in tumors—chronic hypoxia and acute hypoxia. Recent studies indicate that the regional hypoxia kinetics is closely linked to metastasis and therapeutic responses, but regional hypoxia kinetics is hard to measure. We propose a novel approach to determine the local pO2 by fusing the parameters obtained from in vivo functional imaging through the use of a modified multivariate Krogh model. Methods To test our idea and its potential to translate into an in vivo setting through the use of existing imaging techniques, simulation studies were performed comparing the local partial oxygen pressure (pO2) from the proposed multivariate image fusion model to the referenced pO2 derived by Green’s function, which considers the contribution from every vessel segment of an entire three-dimensional tumor vasculature to profile tumor oxygen with high spatial resolution. Results pO2 derived from our fusion approach were close to the referenced pO2 with regression slope near 1.0 and an r2 higher than 0.8 if the voxel size (or the spatial resolution set by functional imaging modality) was less than 200 μm. The simulation also showed that the metabolic rate, blood perfusion, and hemoglobin concentration were dominant factors in tissue oxygenation. The impact of the measurement error of functional imaging to the pO2 precision and accuracy was simulated. A Gaussian error function with FWHM equal to 20 % of blood perfusion or fractional vascular volume measurement contributed to average 7 % statistical error in pO2. Conclusion The simulation results indicate that the fusion of multiple parametric maps through the biophysically derived mathematical models can monitor the intra-tumor spatial variations of hypoxia in tumors with existing imaging methods, and the potential to further investigate different forms of hypoxia, such as chronic and acute hypoxia, in response to cancer therapies. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12938-016-0235-5) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Gorad SS, Ellingsen C, Bathen TF, Mathiesen BS, Moestue SA, Rofstad EK. Identification of Metastasis-Associated Metabolic Profiles of Tumors by (1)H-HR-MAS-MRS. Neoplasia 2016; 17:767-75. [PMID: 26585232 PMCID: PMC4656806 DOI: 10.1016/j.neo.2015.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2015] [Revised: 09/25/2015] [Accepted: 10/05/2015] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Tumors develop an abnormal microenvironment during growth, and similar to the metastatic phenotype, the metabolic phenotype of cancer cells is tightly linked to characteristics of the tumor microenvironment (TME). In this study, we explored relationships between metabolic profile, metastatic propensity, and hypoxia in experimental tumors in an attempt to identify metastasis-associated metabolic profiles. Two human melanoma xenograft lines (A-07, R-18) showing different TMEs were used as cancer models. Metabolic profile was assessed by proton high resolution magic angle spinning magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1H-HR-MAS-MRS). Tumor hypoxia was detected in immunostained histological preparations by using pimonidazole as a hypoxia marker. Twenty-four samples from 10 A-07 tumors and 28 samples from 10 R-18 tumors were analyzed. Metastasis was associated with hypoxia in both A-07 and R-18 tumors, and 1H-HR-MAS-MRS discriminated between tissue samples with and tissue samples without hypoxic regions in both models, primarily because hypoxia was associated with high lactate resonance peaks in A-07 tumors and with low lactate resonance peaks in R-18 tumors. Similarly, metastatic and non-metastatic R-18 tumors showed significantly different metabolic profiles, but not metastatic and non-metastatic A-07 tumors, probably because some samples from the metastatic A-07 tumors were derived from tumor regions without hypoxic tissue. This study suggests that 1H-HR-MAS-MRS may be a valuable tool for evaluating the role of hypoxia and lactate in tumor metastasis as well as for identification of metastasis-associated metabolic profiles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saurabh S Gorad
- Department of Circulation and Medical Imaging, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Trondheim, Norway; St. Olavs University Hospital, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Christine Ellingsen
- Department of Radiation Biology, Institute for Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Tone F Bathen
- Department of Circulation and Medical Imaging, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Trondheim, Norway
| | - Berit S Mathiesen
- Department of Radiation Biology, Institute for Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Siver A Moestue
- Department of Circulation and Medical Imaging, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Trondheim, Norway; St. Olavs University Hospital, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Einar K Rofstad
- Department of Radiation Biology, Institute for Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway.
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Corrado M, Scorrano L, Campello S. Changing perspective on oncometabolites: from metabolic signature of cancer to tumorigenic and immunosuppressive agents. Oncotarget 2016; 7:46692-46706. [PMID: 27083002 PMCID: PMC5216830 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.8727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2016] [Accepted: 03/31/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
During tumorigenesis, the shift from oxidative phosphorylation to glycolysis in ATP production accounts for the dramatic change in the cellular metabolism and represents one of the major steps leading to tumour formation. The so-called Warburg effect is currently considered something more than a mere modification in the cellular metabolism. The paradox that during cancer cell proliferation the increase in energy need is supplied by glycolysis can be only explained by taking into account the many roles that intermediates of glycolysis or TCA cycle play in cellular physiology, besides energy production. Recent studies have shown that metabolic intermediates induce changes in chromatin structure or drive neo-angiogenesis. In this review, we present some of the latest findings in the study of cancer metabolism with particular attention to how tumour metabolism and its microenvironment can favour tumour growth and aggressiveness, by hijacking and dampening the anti-tumoral immune response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mauro Corrado
- Dulbecco-Telethon Institute, Venetian Institute of Molecular Medicine, Padova, Italy
- IRCCS Fondazione Santa Lucia, Roma, Italy
| | - Luca Scorrano
- Dulbecco-Telethon Institute, Venetian Institute of Molecular Medicine, Padova, Italy
- Department of Biology, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Silvia Campello
- IRCCS Fondazione Santa Lucia, Roma, Italy
- Department of Biology, University of Roma Tor Vergata, Roma, Italy
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