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Manohar SM, Joshi KS. Molecular Pharmacology of Multitarget Cyclin-Dependent Kinase Inhibitors in Human Colorectal Carcinoma Cells. Expert Opin Ther Targets 2023; 27:251-261. [PMID: 37015886 DOI: 10.1080/14728222.2023.2199924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a leading cause of cancer death. Certain signaling pathways are implicated in colorectal carcinogenesis. Cyclin-dependent kinases (CDKs) are commonly hyperactivated in CRC and hence multitarget CDK inhibitors serve as promising therapeutic drugs against CRC. OBJECTIVE Off-target effects of multitarget CDK inhibitors with differential CDK inhibitory spectrum viz. P276-00 (also known as riviciclib), roscovitine and UCN-01 on CRC cell lines of varied genetic background were delineated. METHOD Protein expression was analyzed for key signaling proteins by western blotting. β-catenin localization was assessed using immunofluorescence. HIF-1 transcriptional activity and target gene expression were studied by reporter gene assay and RT-PCR respectively. Anti-migratory and anti-angiogenic potential was evaluated by wound healing assay and endothelial tube formation assay. RESULTS CDK inhibitors modulated various signaling pathways in CRC and for certain proteins showed a highly cell line-dependent response. Riviciclib and roscovitine inhibited HIF-1 transcriptional activity and HIF-1α accumulation in hypoxic HCT116 cells. Both of these drugs also abrogated migration of HCT116 and in vitro angiogenesis in HUVECs. CONCLUSION Anticancer activity of multitarget CDK inhibitors can be certainly attributed to their off-target effects and should be analyzed while assessing their therapeutic utility against CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonal M Manohar
- Department of Biological Sciences, Sunandan Divatia of School of Science, NMIMS (Deemed-to-be) University, Vile Parle (West), Mumbai, India
| | - Kalpana S Joshi
- Discovery Engine, Cipla R and D, Cipla Ltd. Vikhroli (West), Mumbai, India
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Basu D, Pal R, Sarkar M, Barma S, Halder S, Roy H, Nandi S, Samadder A. To Investigate Growth Factor Receptor Targets and Generate Cancer Targeting Inhibitors. Curr Top Med Chem 2023; 23:2877-2972. [PMID: 38164722 DOI: 10.2174/0115680266261150231110053650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2023] [Revised: 09/20/2023] [Accepted: 10/02/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
Receptor tyrosine kinase (RTK) regulates multiple pathways, including Mitogenactivated protein kinases (MAPKs), PI3/AKT, JAK/STAT pathway, etc. which has a significant role in the progression and metastasis of tumor. As RTK activation regulates numerous essential bodily processes, including cell proliferation and division, RTK dysregulation has been identified in many types of cancers. Targeting RTK is a significant challenge in cancer due to the abnormal upregulation and downregulation of RTK receptors subfamily EGFR, FGFR, PDGFR, VEGFR, and HGFR in the progression of cancer, which is governed by multiple RTK receptor signalling pathways and impacts treatment response and disease progression. In this review, an extensive focus has been carried out on the normal and abnormal signalling pathways of EGFR, FGFR, PDGFR, VEGFR, and HGFR and their association with cancer initiation and progression. These are explored as potential therapeutic cancer targets and therefore, the inhibitors were evaluated alone and merged with additional therapies in clinical trials aimed at combating global cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Debroop Basu
- Cell and Developmental Biology Special, Department of Zoology, University of Kalyani, Kalyani, Nadia, 741235, India
| | - Riya Pal
- Cell and Developmental Biology Special, Department of Zoology, University of Kalyani, Kalyani, Nadia, 741235, IndiaIndia
| | - Maitrayee Sarkar
- Cell and Developmental Biology Special, Department of Zoology, University of Kalyani, Kalyani, Nadia, 741235, India
| | - Soubhik Barma
- Cell and Developmental Biology Special, Department of Zoology, University of Kalyani, Kalyani, Nadia, 741235, India
| | - Sumit Halder
- Cell and Developmental Biology Special, Department of Zoology, University of Kalyani, Kalyani, Nadia, 741235, India
| | - Harekrishna Roy
- Nirmala College of Pharmacy, Vijayawada, Guntur, Andhra Pradesh, India
| | - Sisir Nandi
- Global Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (Affiliated to Uttarakhand Technical University), Kashipur, 244713, India
| | - Asmita Samadder
- Cell and Developmental Biology Special, Department of Zoology, University of Kalyani, Kalyani, Nadia, 741235, India
- Cytogenetics and Molecular Biology Lab., Department of Zoology, University of Kalyani, Kalyani, Nadia, 741235, India
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TNBC Therapeutics Based on Combination of Fusarochromanone with EGFR Inhibitors. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10112906. [PMID: 36428475 PMCID: PMC9687139 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10112906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2022] [Revised: 11/04/2022] [Accepted: 11/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Fusarochromanone is an experimental drug with unique and potent anti-cancer activity. Current cancer therapies often incorporate a combination of drugs to increase efficacy and decrease the development of drug resistance. In this study, we used drug combinations and cellular phenotypic screens to address important questions about FC101's mode of action and its potential therapeutic synergies in triple negative breast cancer (TNBC). We hypothesized that FC101's activity against TNBC is similar to the mTOR inhibitor, everolimus, because FC101 downregulates the phosphorylation of two mTOR substrates, S6K and S6. Since everolimus synergistically enhances the anti-cancer activities of two known EGFR inhibitors (erlotinib or lapatinib) in TNBC, we performed analogous studies with FC101. Phenotypic cellular assays helped assess whether FC101 acts similarly to everolimus, in both single and combination treatments with the two inhibitors. FC101 outperformed all other single treatments in both cell proliferation and viability assays. However, unlike everolimus, FC101 produced a sustained decrease in cell viability in drug washout studies. None of the other drugs were able to maintain comparable effects upon removal. Although we observed slightly additive effects when the TNBC cells were treated with FC101 and the two EGFR inhibitors, those effects were not truly synergistic in the manner displayed with everolimus.
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Ali ES, Mitra K, Akter S, Ramproshad S, Mondal B, Khan IN, Islam MT, Sharifi-Rad J, Calina D, Cho WC. Recent advances and limitations of mTOR inhibitors in the treatment of cancer. Cancer Cell Int 2022; 22:284. [PMID: 36109789 PMCID: PMC9476305 DOI: 10.1186/s12935-022-02706-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2022] [Accepted: 09/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The PI3K-Akt-mechanistic (formerly mammalian) target of the rapamycin (mTOR) signaling pathway is important in a variety of biological activities, including cellular proliferation, survival, metabolism, autophagy, and immunity. Abnormal PI3K-Akt-mTOR signalling activation can promote transformation by creating a cellular environment conducive to it. Deregulation of such a system in terms of genetic mutations and amplification has been related to several human cancers. Consequently, mTOR has been recognized as a key target for the treatment of cancer, especially for treating cancers with elevated mTOR signaling due to genetic or metabolic disorders. In vitro and in vivo, rapamycin which is an immunosuppressant agent actively suppresses the activity of mTOR and reduces cancer cell growth. As a result, various sirolimus-derived compounds have now been established as therapies for cancer, and now these medications are being investigated in clinical studies. In this updated review, we discuss the usage of sirolimus-derived compounds and other drugs in several preclinical or clinical studies as well as explain some of the challenges involved in targeting mTOR for treating various human cancers.
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Mortazavi M, Moosavi F, Martini M, Giovannetti E, Firuzi O. Prospects of targeting PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway in pancreatic cancer. Crit Rev Oncol Hematol 2022; 176:103749. [PMID: 35728737 DOI: 10.1016/j.critrevonc.2022.103749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2022] [Revised: 06/11/2022] [Accepted: 06/16/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) has one of the worst prognoses among all malignancies. PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway, a main downstream effector of KRAS is involved in the regulation of key hallmarks of cancer. We here report that whole-genome analyses demonstrate the frequent involvement of aberrant activations of PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway components in PDAC patients and critically evaluate preclinical and clinical evidence on the application of PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway targeting agents. Combinations of these agents with chemotherapeutics or other targeted therapies, including the modulators of cyclin-dependent kinases, receptor tyrosine kinases and RAF/MEK/ERK pathway are also examined. Although human genetic studies and preclinical pharmacological investigations have provided strong evidence on the role of PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway in PDAC, clinical studies in general have not been as promising. Patient stratification seems to be the key missing point and with the advent of biomarker-guided clinical trials, targeting PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway could provide valuable assets for treatment of pancreatic cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Motahareh Mortazavi
- Medicinal and Natural Products Chemistry Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Moosavi
- Medicinal and Natural Products Chemistry Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Miriam Martini
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Torino, Turin, Italy
| | - Elisa Giovannetti
- Department of Medical Oncology, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC, VU University Medical Center (VUmc), Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Cancer Pharmacology Lab, Fondazine Pisana per la Scienza, Pisa, Italy
| | - Omidreza Firuzi
- Medicinal and Natural Products Chemistry Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.
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Rajpurohit T, Bhattacharya S. Moving Towards Dawn: KRas Signaling and Treatment in Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma. Curr Mol Pharmacol 2022; 15:904-928. [PMID: 35088684 DOI: 10.2174/1874467215666220128161647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2021] [Revised: 10/20/2021] [Accepted: 11/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
"Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC)" is robust, nearly clueless, and all-around deadly among all tumors. Below 10 %, the general 5-year endurance period has remained adamantly unaltered in the last 30 years, regardless of enormous clinical and therapeutic endeavors. The yearly number of deaths is more than the number of recently analyzed cases. Not a classic one, but "Carbohydrate Antigen CA19- 9" remains the prevailing tool for diagnosis. MicroRNAs and non-invasive techniques are now incorporated for the effective prognosis of PDAC than just CA19-9. Mutated "Rat sarcoma virus Ras" conformation "V-Ki-ras2 Kirsten rat sarcoma viral oncogene homolog KRas" is 95 % accountable for PDAC, and its active (GTP-bound) formation activates signaling cascade comprising "Rapidly accelerated fibrosarcoma Raf"/"Mitogen-activated protein kinase MEK"/ "Extracellular signal-regulated kinase ERK" with "Phosphoinositide 3-kinase PI3K"/ "protein kinase B Akt"/ "mammalian target of rapamycin mTOR" pathways. KRas has acquired the label of 'undruggable' since the crosstalk in the nexus of pathways compensates for Raf and PI3K signaling cascade blocking. It is arduous to totally regulate KRascoordinated PDAC with traditional medicaments like "gemcitabine GEM" plus nabpaclitaxel/ FOLFIRINOX. For long-haul accomplishments aiming at KRas, future endeavors should be directed to combinatorial methodologies to adequately block KRas pathways at different standpoints. Currently they are contributing to healing PDAC. In this review article, we outline the function of KRas in carcinogenesis in PDAC, its signaling cascade, former techniques utilized in hindering Kras, current and future possibilities for targeting Kras.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tarun Rajpurohit
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy & Technology Management, SVKM'S NMIMS Deemed-to-be University, Shirpur, Maharashtra 425405, India
| | - Sankha Bhattacharya
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy & Technology Management, SVKM'S NMIMS Deemed-to-be University, Shirpur, Maharashtra 425405, India
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Chulpanova DS, Gilazieva ZE, Akhmetzyanova ER, Kletukhina SK, Rizvanov AA, Solovyeva VV. Cytochalasin B-induced membrane vesicles from human mesenchymal stem cells overexpressing TRAIL, PTEN and IFN-β1 can kill carcinoma cancer cells. Tissue Cell 2021; 73:101664. [PMID: 34678531 DOI: 10.1016/j.tice.2021.101664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2021] [Revised: 09/30/2021] [Accepted: 10/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) derived from mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are of interest as a new vector for the delivery of therapeutic agents into the tumor microenvironment. Cell-free EV-based therapy has a number of advantages over cell-based therapy, since the use of EVs allows avoiding potential undesirable transformation associated with MSCs. MSC-derived EVs can transfer natural proteins with immunomodulatory or antitumor properties. The aim of this study was to produce vesicles from mesenchymal stem cells with simultaneous overexpression of TRAIL, PTEN and IFN-β1 and analyze its antitumor and immunomodulatory properties. In this work, a stable line of human adipose tissue-derived mesenchymal stem cells (hADSCs) with simultaneous overexpression of TRAIL, PTEN and IFN-β1 was produced. To obtain this cell line hADSCs were genetically modified with a genetic multicistronic cassette encoding TRAIL, PTEN, and IFN-β1 genes separated with a self-cleaving P2A peptide nucleotide sequence. Membrane vesicles (CIMVs) were obtained from genetically modified hADSCs using cytochalasin B treatment. Antitumor and immunomodulatory properties of the CIMVs were analyzed in vitro. It was shown that CIMVs isolated from genetically modified hADSCs overexpressing TRAIL, PTEN and IFN-β1 genes are able to activate human immune cells and induce apoptosis in various types of carcinomas in vitro. Thus, the immunomodulatory and antitumor properties of CIMVs were shown. However, further studies on animal models in vivo are required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daria S Chulpanova
- Institute of Fundamental Medicine and Biology, Kazan Federal University, 420008 Kazan, Russia; Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, The Russian Academy of Sciences, 117997 Moscow, Russia
| | - Zarema E Gilazieva
- Institute of Fundamental Medicine and Biology, Kazan Federal University, 420008 Kazan, Russia
| | - Elvira R Akhmetzyanova
- Institute of Fundamental Medicine and Biology, Kazan Federal University, 420008 Kazan, Russia
| | - Sevindzh K Kletukhina
- Institute of Fundamental Medicine and Biology, Kazan Federal University, 420008 Kazan, Russia
| | - Albert A Rizvanov
- Institute of Fundamental Medicine and Biology, Kazan Federal University, 420008 Kazan, Russia
| | - Valeriya V Solovyeva
- Institute of Fundamental Medicine and Biology, Kazan Federal University, 420008 Kazan, Russia; Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, The Russian Academy of Sciences, 117997 Moscow, Russia.
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8
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Kong L, Zhang Q, Mao J, Cheng L, Shi X, Yu L, Hu J, Yang M, Li L, Liu B, Qian X. A dual-targeted molecular therapy of PP242 and cetuximab plays an anti-tumor effect through EGFR downstream signaling pathways in colorectal cancer. J Gastrointest Oncol 2021; 12:1625-1642. [PMID: 34532116 DOI: 10.21037/jgo-21-467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2021] [Accepted: 08/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) and its downstream Ras-mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase (MAPKK, MEK)-extracellular regulated protein kinase (ERK) signaling pathway and phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)-protein kinase B (Akt)-mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) signaling pathway play important roles in the pathogenesis of colorectal cancer (CRC). The combination therapy of anti-EGFR and anti-mTOR needs to be explored. Methods Here we combined the anti-EGFR monoclonal antibody cetuximab (CTX) with the mTOR inhibitor PP242 in CRC cell lines and mouse xenograft models and discussed the changes of EGFR downstream signaling pathways of CRC cell lines. Results In HT-29 cells and Caco-2 cells, combined application of CTX and PP242 significantly inhibited the proliferation of CRC cells in vivo and in vitro. In BRAF wild-type Caco-2 cells, combined application of CTX and PP242 inhibited the activation of the EGFR and its downstream signaling pathways. Conclusions Our research further demonstrates the effectiveness of the combined application of CTX and PP242 in inhibiting CRC cell lines from the perspective of cell proliferation, cell cycle, apoptosis, and mouse xenografts. We revealed that the combined application of CTX and PP242 can inhibit tumor growth and proliferation by inhibiting the phosphorylation of key molecules in EGFR downstream MEK-ERK and MEK 4/7 (MKK)-c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) signaling pathways in BRAF wild-type CRC cells. In addition, we found that in BRAF mutant CRC cells, the monotherapy of PP242 resulted in negative feedback increased EGFR phosphorylation rates, accompanied by significant up-regulation of downstream MEK and ERK phosphorylation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linghui Kong
- The Comprehensive Cancer Centre of Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, China
| | - Qun Zhang
- The Comprehensive Cancer Centre of Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, China
| | - Jialei Mao
- The Comprehensive Cancer Centre of Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Clinical College of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Lei Cheng
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiao Shi
- The Comprehensive Cancer Centre of Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, China
| | - Lixia Yu
- The Comprehensive Cancer Centre of Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, China
| | - Jing Hu
- The Comprehensive Cancer Centre of Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, China
| | - Mi Yang
- The Comprehensive Cancer Centre of Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, China
| | - Li Li
- The Comprehensive Cancer Centre of Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, China
| | - Baorui Liu
- The Comprehensive Cancer Centre of Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiaoping Qian
- The Comprehensive Cancer Centre of Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, China
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Zhao WT, Han LX, Liu L, Zeng BZ, Zhang Y, Zhao LF, Hu HY, Xia JW, Li YZ, Xiang XD, Lin XL, Lu D, Li GF. The Yunnan national medicine Maytenus compound inhibits the proliferation of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) by suppressing the activation of the EGFR-PI3K-AKT signaling pathway. J Cancer 2021; 12:3325-3334. [PMID: 33976742 PMCID: PMC8100817 DOI: 10.7150/jca.56426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2020] [Accepted: 03/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: To investigate the effects of Maytenus compound on the proliferation of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) cells in vitro and in vivo and to explore the underlying mechanism. Methods: The half maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) values of Maytenus compound in HepG2 and BEL-7402 cells were determined by the MTS assay. HepG2 and BEL-7402 cells were treated with different concentrations of Maytenus compound. MTS assays, colony formation assays and cell cycle analyses were performed to clarify the inhibitory effect of Maytenus compound on the proliferation of HepG2 and BEL-7402 cells in vitro. After subcutaneous injection of HepG2 cells, nude mice were randomly divided into a vehicle control group and a drug intervention group, which were intragastrically administered ddH2O or Maytenus compound, respectively. The inhibitory effect of Maytenus compound on the proliferation of HepG2 cells in vivo was analyzed using subcutaneous tumor growth curves, tumor weight, the tumor growth inhibition rate and the immunohistochemical detection of BrdU-labeled cells in S phase. The organ toxicity of Maytenus compound was initially evaluated by comparing the weight difference and organ index of the two groups of nude mice. The main proteins in the EGFR-PI3K-AKT signaling pathway were detected by Western blot after Maytenus compound intervention in vivo and in vitro. Results: Maytenus compound showed favorable antiproliferation activity against HepG2 and BEL-7402 cells with IC50 values of 79.42±11.71 µg/mL and 78.48±8.87 µg/mL, respectively. MTS assays, colony formation assays and cell cycle analyses showed that Maytenus compound at different concentration gradients within the IC50 concentration range significantly suppressed the proliferation of HepG2 and BEL-7402 cells in vitro and inhibited cell cycle progression from G1 to S phase. Additionally, Maytenus compound, at an oral dose of 2.45 g/kg, dramatically inhibited, without obvious organ toxicity, the proliferation of subcutaneous tumors formed by HepG2 cells in nude mice. In addition, the tumor growth inhibition rate for Maytenus compound was 66.94%. Furthermore, Maytenus compound inhibited the proliferation of liver orthotopic transplantation tumors in nude mice. Western blot analysis showed that Maytenus compound significantly downregulated the expression of p-EGFR, p-PI3K, and p-AKT and upregulated the expression of p-FOXO3a, p27, and p21 in vivo and in vitro. Conclusion: Maytenus compound significantly inhibited the proliferation of HCC cells in vitro and in vivo. The downregulation of the EGFR-PI3K-AKT signaling pathway and subsequent inhibition of cell cycle progression from G1 to S phase is one of the possible mechanisms. Maytenus compound has a high tumor growth inhibition rate and has no obvious organ toxicity, which may make it a potential anti-HCC drug, but the results from this study need to be confirmed by further clinical trials in HCC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Tao Zhao
- Department of Gastrointestinal Oncology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University (Yunnan Cancer Hospital, Yunnan Cancer Center), Kunming 650118, China
| | - Liu-Xin Han
- The third people's hospital of Kunming (The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Dali University), Kunming 650041, China
| | - Lin Liu
- Department of Traditional medicine research laboratory, Puer Traditional Ethnomedicine Institute, Puer 665000, China
| | - Bao-Zhen Zeng
- Department of Pathology, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Yi Zhang
- Department of Gynecology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University (Yunnan Cancer Hospital, Yunnan Cancer Center), Kunming 650118, China
| | - Liu-Fang Zhao
- Department of Head and Neck Cancer, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University (Yunnan Cancer Hospital, Yunnan Cancer Center), Kunming 650118, China
| | - Hong-Yan Hu
- Department of Pathology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University (Yunnan Cancer Hospital, Yunnan Cancer Center), Kunming 650118, China
| | - Jia-Wei Xia
- The third people's hospital of Kunming (The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Dali University), Kunming 650041, China
| | - Yi-Ze Li
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University (Yunnan Cancer Hospital, Yunnan Cancer Center), Kunming 650118, China
| | - Xu-Dong Xiang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University (Yunnan Cancer Hospital, Yunnan Cancer Center), Kunming 650118, China
| | - Xiao-Lin Lin
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Cancer Immunotherapy Research and Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Tumor Immunology Research, Cancer Research Institute, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Di Lu
- Technology Transfer Center, Kunming Medical University, Kunming 650500, China
| | - Gao-Feng Li
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University (Yunnan Cancer Hospital, Yunnan Cancer Center), Kunming 650118, China
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Ulusan AM, Rajendran P, Dashwood WM, Yavuz OF, Kapoor S, Gustafson TA, Savage MI, Brown PH, Sei S, Mohammed A, Vilar E, Dashwood RH. Optimization of Erlotinib Plus Sulindac Dosing Regimens for Intestinal Cancer Prevention in an Apc-Mutant Model of Familial Adenomatous Polyposis (FAP). Cancer Prev Res (Phila) 2021; 14:325-336. [PMID: 33277315 PMCID: PMC8137519 DOI: 10.1158/1940-6207.capr-20-0262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2020] [Revised: 09/29/2020] [Accepted: 11/19/2020] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
A clinical trial in patients with familial adenomatous polyposis (FAP) demonstrated that sulindac plus erlotinib (SUL+ERL) had good efficacy in the duodenum and colon, but toxicity issues raised concerns for long-term prevention. We performed a biomarker study in the polyposis in rat colon (Pirc) model, observing phosphorylated Erk inhibition in colon polyps for up to 10 days after discontinuing ERL+SUL administration. In a follow-up study lasting 16 weeks, significant reduction of colon and small intestine (SI) tumor burden was detected, especially in rats given 250 ppm SUL in the diet plus once-a-week intragastric dosing of ERL at 21 or 42 mg/kg body weight (BW). A long-term study further demonstrated antitumor efficacy in the colon and SI at 52 weeks, when 250 ppm SUL was combined with once-a-week intragastric administration of ERL at 10, 21, or 42 mg/kg BW. Tumor-associated matrix metalloproteinase-7 (Mmp7), tumor necrosis factor (Tnf), and early growth response 1 (Egr1) were decreased at 16 weeks by ERL+SUL, and this was sustained in the long-term study for Mmp7 and Tnf. Based on the collective results, the optimal dose combination of ERL 10 mg/kg BW plus 250 ppm SUL lacked toxicity, inhibited molecular biomarkers, and exhibited effective antitumor activity. We conclude that switching from continuous to once-per-week ERL, given at one-quarter of the current therapeutic dose, will exert good efficacy with standard-of-care SUL against adenomatous polyps in the colon and SI, with clinical relevance for patients with FAP before or after colectomy. PREVENTION RELEVANCE: This investigation concludes that switching from continuous to once-per-week erlotinib, given at one-quarter of the current therapeutic dose, will exert good efficacy with standard-of-care sulindac against adenomatous polyps in the colon and small intestine, with clinical relevance for patients with FAP before or after colectomy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmet M Ulusan
- Center for Epigenetics and Disease Prevention, Texas A&M Health Science Center, Houston, Texas
- Internal Medicine, Hackensack University Medical Center, Hackensack, New Jersey
| | - Praveen Rajendran
- Center for Epigenetics and Disease Prevention, Texas A&M Health Science Center, Houston, Texas.
| | - Wan Mohaiza Dashwood
- Center for Epigenetics and Disease Prevention, Texas A&M Health Science Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Omer F Yavuz
- Center for Epigenetics and Disease Prevention, Texas A&M Health Science Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Sabeeta Kapoor
- Center for Epigenetics and Disease Prevention, Texas A&M Health Science Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Trace A Gustafson
- Center for Epigenetics and Disease Prevention, Texas A&M Health Science Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Michelle I Savage
- Department of Clinical Cancer Prevention, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Powel H Brown
- Department of Clinical Cancer Prevention, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Shizuko Sei
- Chemopreventive Agent Development Research Group, Division of Cancer Prevention, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, Maryland
| | - Altaf Mohammed
- Chemopreventive Agent Development Research Group, Division of Cancer Prevention, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, Maryland
| | - Eduardo Vilar
- Department of Clinical Cancer Prevention, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas.
| | - Roderick H Dashwood
- Center for Epigenetics and Disease Prevention, Texas A&M Health Science Center, Houston, Texas.
- Department of Clinical Cancer Prevention, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
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11
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Hattori SI, Higashi-Kuwata N, Hayashi H, Allu SR, Raghavaiah J, Bulut H, Das D, Anson BJ, Lendy EK, Takamatsu Y, Takamune N, Kishimoto N, Murayama K, Hasegawa K, Li M, Davis DA, Kodama EN, Yarchoan R, Wlodawer A, Misumi S, Mesecar AD, Ghosh AK, Mitsuya H. A small molecule compound with an indole moiety inhibits the main protease of SARS-CoV-2 and blocks virus replication. Nat Commun 2021; 12:668. [PMID: 33510133 PMCID: PMC7843602 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-20900-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 118] [Impact Index Per Article: 39.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2020] [Accepted: 12/16/2020] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Except remdesivir, no specific antivirals for SARS-CoV-2 infection are currently available. Here, we characterize two small-molecule-compounds, named GRL-1720 and 5h, containing an indoline and indole moiety, respectively, which target the SARS-CoV-2 main protease (Mpro). We use VeroE6 cell-based assays with RNA-qPCR, cytopathic assays, and immunocytochemistry and show both compounds to block the infectivity of SARS-CoV-2 with EC50 values of 15 ± 4 and 4.2 ± 0.7 μM for GRL-1720 and 5h, respectively. Remdesivir permitted viral breakthrough at high concentrations; however, compound 5h completely blocks SARS-CoV-2 infection in vitro without viral breakthrough or detectable cytotoxicity. Combination of 5h and remdesivir exhibits synergism against SARS-CoV-2. Additional X-ray structural analysis show that 5h forms a covalent bond with Mpro and makes polar interactions with multiple active site amino acid residues. The present data suggest that 5h might serve as a lead Mpro inhibitor for the development of therapeutics for SARS-CoV-2 infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shin-Ichiro Hattori
- Department of Refractory Viral Infections, National Center for Global Health and Medicine Research Institute, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Nobuyo Higashi-Kuwata
- Department of Refractory Viral Infections, National Center for Global Health and Medicine Research Institute, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hironori Hayashi
- Department of Intelligent Network for Infection Control, Tohoku University Hospital, Miyagi, Japan
- Department of infectious Diseases, International Research Institute of Disaster Science, Tohoku University, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Srinivasa Rao Allu
- Department of Chemistry and Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
| | - Jakka Raghavaiah
- Department of Chemistry and Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
| | - Haydar Bulut
- Experimental Retrovirology Section, HIV and AIDS Malignancy Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Debananda Das
- Experimental Retrovirology Section, HIV and AIDS Malignancy Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Brandon J Anson
- Department of Biochemistry and Department of Biological Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
| | - Emma K Lendy
- Department of Biochemistry and Department of Biological Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
| | - Yuki Takamatsu
- Department of Refractory Viral Infections, National Center for Global Health and Medicine Research Institute, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Nobutoki Takamune
- Kumamoto Innovative Development Organization, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Naoki Kishimoto
- Department of Environmental and Molecular Health Sciences, Faculty of Medical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Kazutaka Murayama
- Graduate School of Biomedical Engineering, Tohoku University, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Kazuya Hasegawa
- Protein Crystal Analysis Division, Japan Synchrotron Radiation Research Institute, Hyogo, Japan
| | - Mi Li
- Protein Structure Section, Center for Structural Biology, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, MD, USA
- Basic Science Program, Leidos Biomedical Research, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD, USA
| | - David A Davis
- Viral Oncology Section, HIV and AIDS Malignancy Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Eiichi N Kodama
- Department of infectious Diseases, International Research Institute of Disaster Science, Tohoku University, Miyagi, Japan
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Graduate School of Medicine and Tohoku Medical Megabank Organization, Tohoku University, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Robert Yarchoan
- Viral Oncology Section, HIV and AIDS Malignancy Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Alexander Wlodawer
- Protein Structure Section, Center for Structural Biology, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, MD, USA
| | - Shogo Misumi
- Department of Environmental and Molecular Health Sciences, Faculty of Medical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Andrew D Mesecar
- Department of Biochemistry and Department of Biological Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
| | - Arun K Ghosh
- Department of Chemistry and Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
| | - Hiroaki Mitsuya
- Department of Refractory Viral Infections, National Center for Global Health and Medicine Research Institute, Tokyo, Japan.
- Experimental Retrovirology Section, HIV and AIDS Malignancy Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA.
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Kumamoto University Hospital, Kumamoto, Japan.
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12
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Najumudeen AK, Ceteci F, Fey SK, Hamm G, Steven RT, Hall H, Nikula CJ, Dexter A, Murta T, Race AM, Sumpton D, Vlahov N, Gay DM, Knight JRP, Jackstadt R, Leach JDG, Ridgway RA, Johnson ER, Nixon C, Hedley A, Gilroy K, Clark W, Malla SB, Dunne PD, Rodriguez-Blanco G, Critchlow SE, Mrowinska A, Malviya G, Solovyev D, Brown G, Lewis DY, Mackay GM, Strathdee D, Tardito S, Gottlieb E, Takats Z, Barry ST, Goodwin RJA, Bunch J, Bushell M, Campbell AD, Sansom OJ. The amino acid transporter SLC7A5 is required for efficient growth of KRAS-mutant colorectal cancer. Nat Genet 2021; 53:16-26. [PMID: 33414552 DOI: 10.1038/s41588-020-00753-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 116] [Impact Index Per Article: 38.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2020] [Accepted: 11/20/2020] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Oncogenic KRAS mutations and inactivation of the APC tumor suppressor co-occur in colorectal cancer (CRC). Despite efforts to target mutant KRAS directly, most therapeutic approaches focus on downstream pathways, albeit with limited efficacy. Moreover, mutant KRAS alters the basal metabolism of cancer cells, increasing glutamine utilization to support proliferation. We show that concomitant mutation of Apc and Kras in the mouse intestinal epithelium profoundly rewires metabolism, increasing glutamine consumption. Furthermore, SLC7A5, a glutamine antiporter, is critical for colorectal tumorigenesis in models of both early- and late-stage metastatic disease. Mechanistically, SLC7A5 maintains intracellular amino acid levels following KRAS activation through transcriptional and metabolic reprogramming. This supports the increased demand for bulk protein synthesis that underpins the enhanced proliferation of KRAS-mutant cells. Moreover, targeting protein synthesis, via inhibition of the mTORC1 regulator, together with Slc7a5 deletion abrogates the growth of established Kras-mutant tumors. Together, these data suggest SLC7A5 as an attractive target for therapy-resistant KRAS-mutant CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Fatih Ceteci
- Cancer Research UK Beatson Institute, Glasgow, UK
- Georg Speyer Haus Institute for Tumour Biology and Experimental Therapy, Paul-Ehrlich-Straße, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Sigrid K Fey
- Cancer Research UK Beatson Institute, Glasgow, UK
- Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Gregory Hamm
- Imaging and data Analytics, Clinical Pharmacology and Safety Sciences, R&D, AstraZeneca, Cambridge, UK
| | - Rory T Steven
- National Physical Laboratory, Teddington, Middlesex, UK
| | - Holly Hall
- Cancer Research UK Beatson Institute, Glasgow, UK
| | | | - Alex Dexter
- National Physical Laboratory, Teddington, Middlesex, UK
| | - Teresa Murta
- National Physical Laboratory, Teddington, Middlesex, UK
| | - Alan M Race
- Imaging and data Analytics, Clinical Pharmacology and Safety Sciences, R&D, AstraZeneca, Cambridge, UK
- Institute of Medical Bioinformatics and Biostatistics, University of Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | | | | | - David M Gay
- Cancer Research UK Beatson Institute, Glasgow, UK
- Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
- Københavns Universitet, BRIC, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | | - Rene Jackstadt
- Cancer Research UK Beatson Institute, Glasgow, UK
- Heidelberg Institute for Stem Cell Technology and Experimental Medicine gGmbH (HI-STEM), Division of Cancer Progression and Metastasis, Deutsches Krebsforschungszentrum (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | | | | | | | - Colin Nixon
- Cancer Research UK Beatson Institute, Glasgow, UK
| | - Ann Hedley
- Cancer Research UK Beatson Institute, Glasgow, UK
| | | | | | - Sudhir B Malla
- The Patrick G Johnston Centre for Cancer Research, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, UK
| | - Philip D Dunne
- The Patrick G Johnston Centre for Cancer Research, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, UK
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Gavin Brown
- Cancer Research UK Beatson Institute, Glasgow, UK
| | | | | | | | - Saverio Tardito
- Cancer Research UK Beatson Institute, Glasgow, UK
- Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Eyal Gottlieb
- Cancer Research UK Beatson Institute, Glasgow, UK
- The Ruth and Bruce Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion - Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
| | - Zoltan Takats
- Department of Metabolism, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Simon T Barry
- Bioscience, Oncology R&D, AstraZeneca, Cambridge, UK
| | - Richard J A Goodwin
- Imaging and data Analytics, Clinical Pharmacology and Safety Sciences, R&D, AstraZeneca, Cambridge, UK
- Institute of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | | | | | | | - Owen J Sansom
- Cancer Research UK Beatson Institute, Glasgow, UK.
- Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK.
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13
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A phase I trial of temsirolimus and erlotinib in patients with refractory solid tumors. Cancer Chemother Pharmacol 2020; 87:337-347. [PMID: 33159216 DOI: 10.1007/s00280-020-04183-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2020] [Accepted: 10/14/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Resistance to treatment with inhibitors of mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) is partially mediated by activation of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR). We conducted a phase I study to determine the recommended phase II dose (RP2D) and dose-limiting toxicities (DLT) of temsirolimus (mTOR inhibitor) combined with erlotinib (EGFR inhibitor) in patients with refractory solid tumors. METHODS Standard "3 + 3" design was used for dose escalation. An expansion cohort at RP2D included only patients with squamous histology or mutations relevant to PI3K or EGFR pathway activation. Patients started daily erlotinib 7 days prior to starting temsirolimus on cycle 1. Intravenous temsirolimus was then administered weekly. Starting dose levels were 15 mg for temsirolimus and 100 mg for erlotinib. RESULTS Forty-four patients received treatment on this study (28 in dose escalation and 16 in the expansion cohort). The RP2D was temsirolimus 25 mg IV weekly and erlotinib 100 mg orally daily. Two patients experienced DLTs (G3 dehydration and G4 renal failure). The most common drug-related adverse events (all grades) were rash, mucositis/stomatitis, diarrhea, nausea and fatigue. No complete or partial responses were observed. The median duration on this study was 69 days (range 3-770) for escalation and 88 days (range 25-243) for expansion cohorts. Among 11 response-evaluable patients in the expansion cohort, 9 (82%) had stable disease and 2 (18%) had progressive disease. CONCLUSION The combination of temsirolimus and erlotinib at the RP2D was well tolerated, and the regimen resulted in prolonged disease stabilization in selected patients (NCT00770263).
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14
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Ge L, Wang H, Xu X, Zhou Z, He J, Peng W, Du F, Zhang Y, Gong A, Xu M. PRMT5 promotes epithelial-mesenchymal transition via EGFR-β-catenin axis in pancreatic cancer cells. J Cell Mol Med 2020; 24:1969-1979. [PMID: 31851779 PMCID: PMC6991680 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.14894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2019] [Revised: 11/13/2019] [Accepted: 11/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Protein arginine methyltransferase 5 (PRMT5) has been implicated in the development and progression of human cancers. However, few studies reveal its role in epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) of pancreatic cancer cells. In this study, we find that PRMT5 is up-regulated in pancreatic cancer, and promotes proliferation, migration and invasion in pancreatic cancer cells, and promotes tumorigenesis. Silencing PRMT5 induces epithelial marker E-cadherin expression and down-regulates expression of mesenchymal markers including Vimentin, collagen I and β-catenin in PaTu8988 and SW1990 cells, whereas ectopic PRMT5 re-expression partially reverses these changes, indicating that PRMT5 promotes EMT in pancreatic cancer. More importantly, we find that PRMT5 knockdown decreases the phosphorylation level of EGFR at Y1068 and Y1172 and its downstream p-AKT and p-GSK3β, and then results in down-regulation of β-catenin. Expectedly, ectopic PRMT5 re-expression also reverses the above changes. It is suggested that PRMT5 promotes EMT probably via EGFR/AKT/β-catenin pathway. Taken together, our study demonstrates that PRMT5 plays oncogenic roles in the growth of pancreatic cancer cell and provides a potential candidate for pancreatic cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Ge
- Department of GastroenterologyAffiliated Hospital of Jiangsu UniversityZhenjiangChina
- Department of GastroenterologyDanyang People's HospitalZhenjiangChina
| | - Huizhi Wang
- Department of GastroenterologyAffiliated Hospital of Jiangsu UniversityZhenjiangChina
| | - Xiao Xu
- Department of Cell BiologySchool of MedicineJiangsu UniversityZhenjiangChina
| | - Zhengrong Zhou
- Department of Cell BiologySchool of MedicineJiangsu UniversityZhenjiangChina
| | - Junbo He
- Department of GastroenterologyAffiliated Hospital of Jiangsu UniversityZhenjiangChina
| | - Wanxin Peng
- Department of Cell BiologySchool of MedicineJiangsu UniversityZhenjiangChina
| | - Fengyi Du
- Department of Cell BiologySchool of MedicineJiangsu UniversityZhenjiangChina
| | - Youli Zhang
- Department of GastroenterologyAffiliated Hospital of Jiangsu UniversityZhenjiangChina
| | - Aihua Gong
- Department of Cell BiologySchool of MedicineJiangsu UniversityZhenjiangChina
| | - Min Xu
- Department of GastroenterologyAffiliated Hospital of Jiangsu UniversityZhenjiangChina
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15
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Zeng B, Ge C, Zhao W, Fu K, Liu L, Lin Z, Fu Q, Li Z, Li R, Guo H, Li C, Zhao L, Hu H, Yang H, Huang W, Huang Y, Song X. Anticancer effect of the traditional Chinese medicine herb Maytenus compound via the EGFR/PI3K/AKT/GSK3β pathway. Transl Cancer Res 2019; 8:2130-2140. [PMID: 35116963 PMCID: PMC8798896 DOI: 10.21037/tcr.2019.09.30] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2019] [Accepted: 08/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Background Cancer is a leading cause of death worldwide; folk anticancer medicinal plants have applied for cancer treatment. The Maytenus compound tablet as traditional Chinese compound medicine has been approved for alleviating hyperplasia of mammary glands, whether it can inhibit cancer still unknown. The study was to evaluate the anticancer activity of the Maytenus compound tablet. Methods MTS assay evaluated the anti-proliferation effect of the Maytenus compound on H226, A2058, 786O and HeLa cancer cells and two normal epithelial cell lines, namely, 16HBE and Hecate. Nude mouse xenograft tumor model using H226 and HeLa cells examined the drug’s anticancer effect in vivo. Western blot assay studied the possible mechanism. Results The Maytenus compound indicated obvious ability to against proliferation in four strains of cancer cells, particularly against H226 cells by an IC50 of 85.47±10.06 µg/mL and against HeLa cells by an IC50 of 128.74±17.46 µg/mL. However, it had a low cytotoxicity in human normal epithelial cell lines 16HBE with an IC50 of 4,555.86±25.21 µg/mL and Hecate with an IC50 of 833.56±181.88 µg/mL. The Maytenus compound at the 2.45 g/kg oral dosages inhibited the proliferation of H226 cells and HeLa cells in nude mouse with inhibitory rates of 36.06% and 26.45%, respectively, and no organ toxicity. The Maytenus compound could significantly downregulate the expression of pEGFR, pPI3K, pAKT, pGSK3β, β-catenin, and c-MYC and upregulate the protein expression of GSK3β. Conclusions The Maytenus compound has significant anticancer activities against human cancer H226 and HeLa cells both in vitro and in vivo, highlighting it may be an anticancer medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baozhen Zeng
- Department of Cancer Biotherapy Center, Third Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University (Tumor Hospital of Yunnan Province), Kunming 650118, China.,Department of Yunnan Tumor Research Institute, the Third Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming 650118, China
| | - Chunlei Ge
- Department of Cancer Biotherapy Center, Third Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University (Tumor Hospital of Yunnan Province), Kunming 650118, China
| | - Wentao Zhao
- Department of Cancer Biotherapy Center, Third Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University (Tumor Hospital of Yunnan Province), Kunming 650118, China
| | - Kaicong Fu
- Department of Traditional medicine research laboratory, Puer Traditional Ethnomedicine Institute, Puer 665000, China
| | - Lin Liu
- Department of Traditional medicine research laboratory, Puer Traditional Ethnomedicine Institute, Puer 665000, China
| | - Zhuying Lin
- Department of Oncology Yan'An Hospital of Kunming City, Kunming 650118, China
| | - Qiaofen Fu
- Department of Cancer Biotherapy Center, Third Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University (Tumor Hospital of Yunnan Province), Kunming 650118, China
| | - Zhen Li
- Department of Cancer Biotherapy Center, Third Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University (Tumor Hospital of Yunnan Province), Kunming 650118, China
| | - Ruilei Li
- Department of Cancer Biotherapy Center, Third Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University (Tumor Hospital of Yunnan Province), Kunming 650118, China
| | - Huan Guo
- Department of Oncology Yan'An Hospital of Kunming City, Kunming 650118, China
| | - Chunyan Li
- Department of Cancer Biotherapy Center, Third Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University (Tumor Hospital of Yunnan Province), Kunming 650118, China.,Department of Yunnan Tumor Research Institute, the Third Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming 650118, China
| | - Liufang Zhao
- Department of Cancer Biotherapy Center, Third Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University (Tumor Hospital of Yunnan Province), Kunming 650118, China
| | - Hongyan Hu
- Department of Cancer Biotherapy Center, Third Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University (Tumor Hospital of Yunnan Province), Kunming 650118, China
| | - Hanyu Yang
- Department of Traditional medicine research laboratory, Puer Traditional Ethnomedicine Institute, Puer 665000, China
| | - Wenhua Huang
- Department of Anatomy, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Biomechanics, School of Basic Medical Science, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Youguang Huang
- Department of Yunnan Tumor Research Institute, the Third Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming 650118, China
| | - Xin Song
- Department of Cancer Biotherapy Center, Third Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University (Tumor Hospital of Yunnan Province), Kunming 650118, China.,Department of Yunnan Tumor Research Institute, the Third Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming 650118, China
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16
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Xu Z, Ni R, Chen Y. Targeting breast cancer stem cells by a self-assembled, aptamer-conjugated DNA nanotrain with preloading doxorubicin. Int J Nanomedicine 2019; 14:6831-6842. [PMID: 31695364 PMCID: PMC6717853 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s200482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2019] [Accepted: 05/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Cancer relapse and metastasis is an obstacle to the treatment of breast cancer. Breast cancer stem cells (BCSCs), which can evade the killing effect of traditional chemotherapies, such as doxorubicin (DOX), may contribute to cancer development. Therefore, it is necessary to develop novel drugs that can target and eliminate BCSCs. While multiple strategies have been conceived, they are normally limited by the low drug loading capacity. Purpose An aptamer-conjugated DNA nanotrain TA6NT-AKTin-DOX, which consists of a CD44 aptamer TA6, DNA building blocks M1 and M2 conjugated with an AKT inhibitor peptide AKTin individually and DOX, was designed. Methods This DNA nanotrain was prepared through hybridization chain reactionand this highly ordered DNA duplex has plenty of sites where DOX and AKTin can be intercalated or anchored. By performing on MCF-7 BCSCs and tumors by xenografting BCSCs into nude mice, efficacy of the newly prepared drug was evaluated and compared with that of free DOX and various DNA nanotrains. Results TA6NT-AKTin-DOX showed better efficacy both in vitro and in vivo. To some extent, the enhanced efficacy could be attributed to the targeting effect of TA6 and the high drug loading capacity of the nanotrain (~20 DOX molecules). Besides, a synergistic response was demonstrated by combining DOX with AKTin, probably due to that the anchored AKTin can reverse the drug resistance of BCSCs including apoptosis resistance and ABC transporters overexpression via the AKT signaling pathway. Conclusion The aptamer-conjugated DNA nanotrain TA6NT-AKTin-DOX demonstrated its targeting capability to BCSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiyuan Xu
- School of Pharmacy, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, People's Republic of China
| | - Ronghua Ni
- School of Pharmacy, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, People's Republic of China
| | - Yun Chen
- School of Pharmacy, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, People's Republic of China.,State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Nanjing 210029, People's Republic of China
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17
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Miller AL, Fehling SC, Garcia PL, Gamblin TL, Council LN, van Waardenburg RCAM, Yang ES, Bradner JE, Yoon KJ. The BET inhibitor JQ1 attenuates double-strand break repair and sensitizes models of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma to PARP inhibitors. EBioMedicine 2019; 44:419-430. [PMID: 31126889 PMCID: PMC6604668 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2019.05.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2019] [Revised: 05/14/2019] [Accepted: 05/14/2019] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND DNA repair deficiency accumulates DNA damage and sensitizes tumor cells to PARP inhibitors (PARPi). Based on our observation that the BET inhibitor JQ1 increases levels of DNA damage, we evaluated the efficacy of JQ1 + the PARPi olaparib in preclinical models of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC). We also addressed the mechanism by which JQ1 increased DNA damage. METHODS The effect of JQ1 + olaparib on in vivo tumor growth was assessed with patient-derived xenograft (PDX) models of PDAC. Changes in protein expression were detected by immunohistochemistry and immunoblot. In vitro growth inhibition and mechanistic studies were done using alamarBlue, qRT-PCR, immunoblot, immunofluorescence, ChIP, and shRNA knockdown assays. FINDINGS Tumors exposed in vivo to JQ1 had higher levels of the DNA damage marker γH2AX than tumors exposed to vehicle only. Increases in γH2AX was concomitant with decreased expression of DNA repair proteins Ku80 and RAD51. JQ1 + olaparib inhibited the growth of PDX tumors greater than either drug alone. Mechanistically, ChIP assays demonstrated that JQ1 decreased the association of BRD4 and BRD2 with promoter loci of Ku80 and RAD51, and shRNA data showed that expression of Ku80 and RAD51 was BRD4- and BRD2-dependent in PDAC cell lines. INTERPRETATION The data are consistent with the hypothesis that JQ1 confers a repair deficient phenotype and the consequent accumulation of DNA damage sensitizes PDAC cells to PARPi. Combinations of BET inhibitors with PARPi may provide a novel strategy for treating PDAC. FUND: NIH grants R01CA208272 and R21CA205501; UAB CMB T32 predoctoral training grant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aubrey L Miller
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, 1670 University Blvd, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Samuel C Fehling
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, 1670 University Blvd, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Patrick L Garcia
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, 1670 University Blvd, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Tracy L Gamblin
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, 1670 University Blvd, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Leona N Council
- Department of Pathology, Division of Anatomic Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, NP3551 North Pavilion UAB Hospital, Birmingham, AL, USA; The Birmingham Veterans Administration Medical Center, 700 19(th) St S, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Robert C A M van Waardenburg
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, 1670 University Blvd, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Eddy S Yang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Hazelrig Salter Radiation Oncology Center, 1700 6(th) Avenue S, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - James E Bradner
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Karina J Yoon
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, 1670 University Blvd, Birmingham, AL, USA.
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18
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Khordadmehr M, Jigari-Asl F, Ezzati H, Shahbazi R, Sadreddini S, Safaei S, Baradaran B. A comprehensive review on miR-451: A promising cancer biomarker with therapeutic potential. J Cell Physiol 2019; 234:21716-21731. [PMID: 31140618 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.28888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2018] [Revised: 05/07/2019] [Accepted: 05/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are proposed as a family of short noncoding molecules able to manage and control the expression of the gene targets at the posttranscriptional level. They contribute in several fundamental physiological mechanisms as well as a verity of human and animal diseases such as cancer progression. Among these tiny RNAs, miR-451 placed on chromosome 17 at 17q11.2 presents an essential role in many biological processes in health condition and also in pathogenesis of different diseases. Besides, it has been recently considered as a valuable biomarker for cancer detection, prognosis and treatment. Therefore, this review will provide the critical functions of miR-451 on biological mechanisms including cell cycle and proliferation, cell survival and apoptosis, differentiation and development as well as disease initiation and progression such as tumor formation, migration, invasion, and metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monireh Khordadmehr
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Farinaz Jigari-Asl
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Hamed Ezzati
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Roya Shahbazi
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Sanam Sadreddini
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Sahar Safaei
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Behzad Baradaran
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.,Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
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19
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Poteet E, Liu D, Liang Z, Van Buren G, Chen C, Yao Q. Mesothelin and TGF-α predict pancreatic cancer cell sensitivity to EGFR inhibitors and effective combination treatment with trametinib. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0213294. [PMID: 30921351 PMCID: PMC6438513 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0213294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2018] [Accepted: 02/18/2019] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Clinical trials of EGFR inhibitors in combination with gemcitabine for the treatment of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) have generated mixed results partially due to the poorly defined effectiveness of EGFR inhibitors in PDAC. Here, we studied a panel of PDAC cell lines to compare the IC50s of the EGFR inhibitors gefitinib and cetuximab. We found that gefitinib induced biphasic inhibition in over 50% of PDAC cells, with the initial growth inhibition occurring at nanomolar concentrations and a second growth inhibition occurring outside the clinical range. In contrast to gefitinib, cetuximab produced a single phase growth inhibition in a subset of PDAC cells. Using this sensitivity data, we screened for correlations between cell morphology proteins and EGFR ligands to EGFR inhibitor sensitivity, and found that mesothelin and the EGFR ligand TGF-α have a strong correlation to gefitinib and cetuximab sensitivity. Analysis of downstream signaling pathways indicated that plc-γ1 and c-myc were consistently inhibited by EGFR inhibitor treatment in sensitive cell lines. While an inconsistent additive effect was observed with either cetuximab or gefitinib in combination with gemcitabine, the cell pathway data indicated consistent ERK activation, leading us to pursue EGFR inhibitors in combination with trametinib, a MEK1/2 inhibitor. Both cetuximab and gefitinib in combination with trametinib produced an additive effect in all EGFR sensitive cell lines. Our results indicate that mesothelin and TGF-α can predict PDAC sensitivity to EGFR inhibitors and a combination of EGFR inhibitors with trametinib could be a novel effective treatment for PDAC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ethan Poteet
- Michael E. DeBakey Department of Surgery, Division of Surgical Research, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Dongliang Liu
- Michael E. DeBakey Department of Surgery, Division of Surgical Research, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Zhengdong Liang
- Michael E. DeBakey Department of Surgery, Division of Surgical Research, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - George Van Buren
- Michael E. DeBakey Department of Surgery, Division of Surgical Research, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Changyi Chen
- Michael E. DeBakey Department of Surgery, Division of Surgical Research, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Qizhi Yao
- Michael E. DeBakey Department of Surgery, Division of Surgical Research, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, United States of America
- Center for Translational Research on Inflammatory Diseases (CTRID), Michael E. DeBakey VA Medical Center, Houston, Texas, United States of America
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20
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Cao J, Zhu Z, Wang H, Nichols TC, Lui GYL, Deng S, Rejto PA, VanArsdale T, Hardwick JS, Weinrich SL, Wei P. Combining CDK4/6 inhibition with taxanes enhances anti-tumor efficacy by sustained impairment of pRB-E2F pathways in squamous cell lung cancer. Oncogene 2019; 38:4125-4141. [PMID: 30700828 DOI: 10.1038/s41388-019-0708-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2018] [Revised: 12/03/2018] [Accepted: 12/15/2018] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
The CDK4/6 inhibitor palbociclib reduces tumor growth by decreasing retinoblastoma (RB) protein phosphorylation and inducing cell cycle arrest at the G1/S phase transition. Palbociclib in combination with anti-hormonal therapy brings significant benefit to breast cancer patients. In this study, novel combination approaches and underlying molecular/cellular mechanisms for palbociclib were explored in squamous cell lung cancer (SqCLC), the second most common subtype of non-small cell lung cancer. While approximate 20% lung patients benefit from immunotherapy, most SqCLC patients who receive platinum-doublet chemotherapy as first-line treatment, which often includes a taxane, are still in need of more effective combination therapies. Our results demonstrated enhanced cytotoxicity and anti-tumor effect with palbociclib plus taxanes at clinically achievable doses in multiple SqCLC models with diverse cancer genetic backgrounds. Comprehensive gene expression analysis revealed a sustained disruption of pRB-E2F signaling by combination that was accompanied with enhanced regulation of pleiotropic biological effects. These included several novel mechanisms such as abrogation of G2/M and mitotic spindle assembly checkpoints, as well as impaired induction of hypoxia-inducible factor 1 alpha (HIF-1α). The decrease in HIF-1α modulated a couple key angiogenic and anti-angiogenic factors, resulting in an enhanced anti-angiogenic effect. This preclinical work suggests a new therapeutic opportunity for palbociclib in lung and other cancers currently treated with taxane based chemotherapy as standard of care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joan Cao
- Oncology Translational Research, Pfizer Inc., San Diego, CA, 92121, USA
| | - Zhou Zhu
- Oncology Translational Research, Pfizer Inc., San Diego, CA, 92121, USA
| | - Hui Wang
- Genomics Institute of the Novartis Research Foundation, San Diego, CA, 92121, USA
| | - Timothy C Nichols
- Drug Safety Research and Development, Pfizer Inc., San Diego, CA, 92121, USA
| | - Goldie Y L Lui
- Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, 98109, USA
| | - Shibing Deng
- Biostatistics, La Jolla Laboratories, Pfizer Inc., San Diego, CA, 92121, USA
| | - Paul A Rejto
- Oncology Translational Research, Pfizer Inc., San Diego, CA, 92121, USA
| | - Todd VanArsdale
- Tumor Cell Biology, Oncology Research and Development, Pfizer Inc., San Diego, CA, 92121, USA
| | - James S Hardwick
- Oncology Translational Research, Pfizer Inc., San Diego, CA, 92121, USA
| | - Scott L Weinrich
- Oncology Translational Research, Pfizer Inc., San Diego, CA, 92121, USA
| | - Ping Wei
- Oncology Translational Research, Pfizer Inc., San Diego, CA, 92121, USA.
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21
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Massoud MA, El-Sayed MA, Bayoumi WA, Mansour B. Cytotoxicity and Molecular Targeting Study of Novel 2-Chloro-3- substituted Quinoline Derivatives as Antitumor Agents. LETT DRUG DES DISCOV 2019. [DOI: 10.2174/1570180815666180604090924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Background: Quinoline scaffold acts as “privileged structure” for anticancer drug design. Certain derivatives showed good results through different mechanisms as topoisomerase 1 and kinase inhibition. </P><P> Methods: A new series of 2-chloro-3-(2-amino-3-cyano-4H-chromene, 4H-pyranyl and fused 1- cyclohexen-4-yl)quinoline structures (3-5, 6 and 7) were designed, synthesized, and evaluated for their in vitro antitumor activity. All compounds were tested by MTT assay against a panel of four different human tumor cell lines. The inhibitory activity of selected compounds was assessed on topoisomerase 1 and epidermal growth factor receptor tyrosine kinase via ELISA. In addition, compounds 7b and 3a were docked into the X-ray crystal structure of Topo 1 and EGFR enzymes, respectively to explain the molecular basis of the potent activity. </P><P> Results: Compounds 3a, 3b and 7b showed characteristic efficacy profile. 7b showed the best cytotoxic activity on all types of tested cell lines with IC50 range (15.8±1.30 to 28.2±3.37 µM), relative to 5-fluoruracil of IC50 range (40.7±2.46 to 63.8±2.69 µM). Via ELISA, 7b and 3a showed characteristic inhibition profile on Topo 1 and EGFR-TK respectively. In addition, 7b has scored binding energy (101.61 kcal/mol) and six hydrogen bonds with amino acids conserved residues in the enzyme pocket. </P><P> Conclusion: Analysis of results revealed that compounds 7a and 7b mainly were Topo 1 inhibitors while 3a was mainly EGFR inhibitor. This property may be exploited to design future quinoline derivatives as antitumor agents with enhanced selectivity towards either of the two molecular targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed A.M. Massoud
- Department of Pharmaceutical Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Mansoura, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Magda A. El-Sayed
- Department of Pharmaceutical Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Mansoura, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Waleed A. Bayoumi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Mansoura, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Basem Mansour
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Delta University for Science and Technology, Gamasa City, Mansoura, Egypt
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22
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Yan D, Parker RE, Wang X, Frye SV, Earp HS, DeRyckere D, Graham DK. MERTK Promotes Resistance to Irreversible EGFR Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitors in Non–small Cell Lung Cancers Expressing Wild-type EGFR Family Members. Clin Cancer Res 2018; 24:6523-6535. [DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-18-0040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2018] [Revised: 05/30/2018] [Accepted: 08/31/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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23
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You Y, Xu Z, Chen Y. Doxorubicin conjugated with a trastuzumab epitope and an MMP-2 sensitive peptide linker for the treatment of HER2-positive breast cancer. Drug Deliv 2018; 25:448-460. [PMID: 29405790 PMCID: PMC6058718 DOI: 10.1080/10717544.2018.1435746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
HER2-positive breast cancer correlates with more aggressive tumor growth, a poorer prognosis and reduced overall survival. Currently, trastuzumab (Herceptin), which is an anti-HER2 antibody, is one of the key drugs. There is evidence indicating that conjugation of trastuzumab with chemotherapy drugs, such as doxorubicin (DOX), for multiple targets could be more effective. However, incomplete penetration into tumors has been noted for those conjugates. Compared to an antibody, peptides may represent an attractive alternative. For HER2, a similar potency has been observed for a 12-amino-acid anti-HER2 peptide mimetic YCDGFYACYMDV-NH2 (AHNP, disulfide-bridged) and full-length trastuzumab. Thus, a peptide, GPLGLAGDDYCDGFYACYMDV-NH2, which consists of AHNP and an MMP-2 cleavable linker GPLGLAGDD, was first designed, followed by conjugation with DOX via a glycine residue at the N-terminus to form a novel DOX-peptide conjugate MAHNP-DOX. Using HER2-positive human breast cancer cells BT474 and SKBR3 as in vitro model systems and nude mice with BT474 xenografts as an in vivo model, this conjugate was comprehensively characterized, and its efficacy was evaluated and compared with that of free DOX. As a result, MAHNP-DOX demonstrated a much lower in vitro IC50, and its in vivo extent of inhibition in mice was more evident. During this process, enzymatic cleavage of MAHNP-DOX is critical for its activation and cellular uptake. In addition, a synergistic response was observed after the combination of DOX and AHNP. This effect was probably due to the involvement of AHNP in the PI3K–AKT signaling pathway, which can be largely activated by DOX and leads to anti-apoptotic signals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiwen You
- a School of Pharmacy, Nanjing Medical University , Nanjing , China
| | - Zhiyuan Xu
- a School of Pharmacy, Nanjing Medical University , Nanjing , China
| | - Yun Chen
- a School of Pharmacy, Nanjing Medical University , Nanjing , China.,b State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine , Nanjing , China
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24
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Li J, Liu Z, Li Y, Jing Q, Wang H, Liu H, Chen J, Feng J, Shao Q, Fu R. Everolimus shows synergistic antimyeloma effects with bortezomib via the AKT/mTOR pathway. J Investig Med 2018; 67:39-47. [PMID: 29997148 DOI: 10.1136/jim-2018-000780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/08/2018] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Multiple myeloma (MM) is characterized by the proliferation of malignant plasma cells and a subsequent overabundance of monoclonal paraproteins (M proteins). Everolimus works similarly to sirolimus as a mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) inhibitor. Bortezomib was the first therapeutic proteasome inhibitor to be tested in humans with MM. However, the combination of these two drugs for the treatment of MM has been rarely reported. In this study, we compared the therapeutic effects of everolimus and bortezomib, as well as those of a combination of everolimus and bortezomib, using an in vitro MM cell line model and in vivo xenograft mouse model. Our results showed that the synergistic antitumor effects of everolimus and bortezomib have significant inhibitory effect through inhibition of the AKT/mTOR pathway in both the MM cell lines and MM-bearing mice model. Our results provided evidence that the mTOR inhibitor, everolimus, will be a potential drug in MM therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Li
- Department of Hematology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Zhaoyun Liu
- Department of Hematology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Yanqi Li
- Department of Hematology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Qian Jing
- Department of Hematology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Honglei Wang
- Department of Hematology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Hui Liu
- Department of Hematology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Jin Chen
- Department of Hematology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Junru Feng
- Department of Hematology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Qing Shao
- Department of Hematology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Rong Fu
- Department of Hematology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
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25
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Murthy D, Attri KS, Singh PK. Phosphoinositide 3-Kinase Signaling Pathway in Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma Progression, Pathogenesis, and Therapeutics. Front Physiol 2018; 9:335. [PMID: 29670543 PMCID: PMC5893816 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2018.00335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2017] [Accepted: 03/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is a highly aggressive malignancy characterized by its sudden manifestation, rapid progression, poor prognosis, and limited therapeutic options. Genetic alterations in key signaling pathways found in early pancreatic lesions are pivotal for the development and progression of pancreatic intraepithelial neoplastic lesions into invasive carcinomas. More than 90% of PDAC tumors harbor driver mutations in K-Ras that activate various downstream effector-signaling pathways, including the phosphoinositide-3-kinase (PI3K) pathway. The PI3K pathway also responds to stimuli from various growth factor receptors present on the cancer cell surface that, in turn, modulate downstream signaling cascades. Thus, the inositide signaling acts as a central node in the complex cellular signaling networks to impact cancer cell growth, motility, metabolism, and survival. Also, recent publications highlight the importance of PI3K signaling in stromal cells, whereby PI3K signaling modifies the tumor microenvironment to dictate disease outcome. The high incidence of mutations in the PI3K signaling cascade, accompanied by activation of parallel signaling pathways, makes PI3K a promising candidate for drug therapy. In this review, we describe the role of PI3K signaling in pancreatic cancer development and progression. We also discuss the crosstalk between PI3K and other major cellular signaling cascades, and potential therapeutic opportunities for targeting pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Divya Murthy
- Eppley Institute for Research in Cancer and Allied Diseases, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, United States
| | - Kuldeep S Attri
- Eppley Institute for Research in Cancer and Allied Diseases, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, United States
| | - Pankaj K Singh
- Eppley Institute for Research in Cancer and Allied Diseases, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, United States.,Department of Pathology and Microbiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, United States.,Department of Genetics, Cell Biology and Anatomy, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, United States.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, United States
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26
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Design, synthesis and anticancer evaluation of novel spirobenzo[h]chromene and spirochromane derivatives with dual EGFR and B-RAF inhibitory activities. Eur J Med Chem 2018; 150:567-578. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2018.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2017] [Revised: 02/28/2018] [Accepted: 03/01/2018] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
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27
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Aljahdali AZ, Foster KA, O'Doherty GA. The asymmetric syntheses of cryptocaryols A and B. Chem Commun (Camb) 2018; 54:3428-3435. [PMID: 29547218 DOI: 10.1039/c8cc00482j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
The recent total syntheses of cryptocaryols A and B are reviewed. These efforts include the correction of the initially assigned absolute and relative stereochemistry of this class of natural products. In addition to enabling the initial structure activity relationships for this class of natural products, these syntheses demonstrated the practical utility of several novel synthetic approaches.
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28
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Muthuraja P, Himesh M, Prakash S, Venkatasubramanian U, Manisankar P. Synthesis of N-(1-(6-acetamido-5-phenylpyrimidin-4-yl) piperidin-3-yl) amide derivatives as potential inhibitors for mitotic kinesin spindle protein. Eur J Med Chem 2018; 148:106-115. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2018.02.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2017] [Revised: 01/25/2018] [Accepted: 02/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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29
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Chen KS, Fustino NJ, Shukla AA, Stroup EK, Budhipramono A, Ateek C, Stuart SH, Yamaguchi K, Kapur P, Frazier AL, Lum L, Looijenga LHJ, Laetsch TW, Rakheja D, Amatruda JF. EGF Receptor and mTORC1 Are Novel Therapeutic Targets in Nonseminomatous Germ Cell Tumors. Mol Cancer Ther 2018; 17:1079-1089. [PMID: 29483210 DOI: 10.1158/1535-7163.mct-17-0137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2017] [Revised: 07/13/2017] [Accepted: 02/14/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Germ cell tumors (GCT) are malignant tumors that arise from pluripotent embryonic germ cells and occur in children and young adults. GCTs are treated with cisplatin-based regimens which, while overall effective, fail to cure all patients and cause significant adverse late effects. The seminoma and nonseminoma forms of GCT exhibit distinct differentiation states, clinical behavior, and response to treatment; however, the molecular mechanisms of GCT differentiation are not fully understood. We tested whether the activity of the mTORC1 and MAPK pathways were differentially active in the two classes of GCT. Here we show that nonseminomatous germ cell tumors (NSGCT, including embryonal carcinoma, yolk sac tumor, and choriocarcinoma) from both children and adults display activation of the mTORC1 pathway, while seminomas do not. In seminomas, high levels of REDD1 may negatively regulate mTORC1 activity. In NSGCTs, on the other hand, EGF and FGF2 ligands can stimulate mTORC1 and MAPK signaling, and members of the EGF and FGF receptor families are more highly expressed. Finally, proliferation of NSGCT cells in vitro and in vivo is significantly inhibited by combined treatment with the clinically available agents erlotinib and rapamycin, which target EGFR and mTORC1 signaling, respectively. These results provide an understanding of the signaling network that drives GCT growth and a rationale for therapeutic targeting of GCTs with agents that antagonize the EGFR and mTORC1 pathways. Mol Cancer Ther; 17(5); 1079-89. ©2018 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenneth S Chen
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas.,Margaret Gill Center for Cancer and Blood Disorders, Children's Health Medical Center, Dallas, Texas
| | - Nicholas J Fustino
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas.,Margaret Gill Center for Cancer and Blood Disorders, Children's Health Medical Center, Dallas, Texas
| | - Abhay A Shukla
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas.,Department of Molecular Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas
| | - Emily K Stroup
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas
| | - Albert Budhipramono
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas
| | - Christina Ateek
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas
| | - Sarai H Stuart
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas.,Department of Pathology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas
| | - Kiyoshi Yamaguchi
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas.,Division of Clinical Genome Research, Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Payal Kapur
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas
| | - A Lindsay Frazier
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Children's Hospital Dana-Farber Cancer Care, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Lawrence Lum
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas
| | - Leendert H J Looijenga
- Department of Pathology, Erasmus MC - University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Theodore W Laetsch
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas.,Margaret Gill Center for Cancer and Blood Disorders, Children's Health Medical Center, Dallas, Texas
| | - Dinesh Rakheja
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas. .,Department of Pathology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas
| | - James F Amatruda
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas. .,Margaret Gill Center for Cancer and Blood Disorders, Children's Health Medical Center, Dallas, Texas.,Department of Molecular Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas.,Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas
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30
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Oncolytic vaccinia virus combined with radiotherapy induces apoptotic cell death in sarcoma cells by down-regulating the inhibitors of apoptosis. Oncotarget 2018; 7:81208-81222. [PMID: 27783991 PMCID: PMC5348387 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.12820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2016] [Accepted: 10/11/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Advanced extremity melanoma and sarcoma present a significant therapeutic challenge, requiring multimodality therapy to treat or even palliate disease. These aggressive tumours are relatively chemo-resistant, therefore new treatment approaches are urgently required. We have previously reported on the efficacy of oncolytic virotherapy (OV) delivered by isolated limb perfusion. In this report, we have improved therapeutic outcomes by combining OV with radiotherapy. In vitro, the combination of oncolytic vaccinia virus (GLV-1h68) and radiotherapy demonstrated synergistic cytotoxicity. This effect was not due to increased viral replication, but mediated through induction of intrinsic apoptosis. GLV-1h68 therapy downregulated the anti-apoptotic BCL-2 proteins (MCL-1 and BCL-XL) and the downstream inhibitors of apoptosis, resulting in cleavage of effector caspases 3 and 7. In an in vivo ILP model, the combination of OV and radiotherapy significantly delayed tumour growth and prolonged survival compared to single agent therapy. These data suggest that the virally-mediated down-regulation of anti-apoptotic proteins may increase the sensitivity of tumour cells to the cytotoxic effects of ionizing radiation. Oncolytic virotherapy represents an exciting candidate for clinical development when delivered by ILP. Its ability to overcome anti-apoptotic signals within tumour cells points the way to further development in combination with conventional anti-cancer therapies.
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31
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Capodanno Y, Buishand FO, Pang LY, Kirpensteijn J, Mol JA, Argyle DJ. Notch pathway inhibition targets chemoresistant insulinoma cancer stem cells. Endocr Relat Cancer 2018; 25:131-144. [PMID: 29175872 DOI: 10.1530/erc-17-0415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2017] [Accepted: 11/24/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Insulinomas (INS) are the most common neuroendocrine pancreatic tumours in humans and dogs. The long-term prognosis for malignant INS is still poor due to a low success rate of the current treatment modalities, particularly chemotherapy. A better understanding of the molecular processes underlying the development and progression of INS is required to develop novel targeted therapies. Cancer stem cells (CSCs) are thought to be critical for the engraftment and chemoresistance of many tumours, including INS. This study was aimed to characterise and target INS CSCs in order to develop novel targeted therapies. Highly invasive and tumourigenic human and canine INS CSC-like cells were successfully isolated. These cells expressed stem cell markers (OCT4, SOX9, SOX2, CD133 and CD34), exhibited greater resistance to 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) and demonstrated a more invasive and tumourigenic phenotype in vivo compared to bulk INS cells. Here, we demonstrated that Notch-signalling-related genes (NOTCH2 and HES1) were overexpressed in INS CSC-like cells. Protein analysis showed an active NOTCH2-HES1 signalling in INS cell lines, especially in cells resistant to 5-FU. Inhibition of the Notch pathway, using a gamma secretase inhibitor (GSI), enhanced the sensitivity of INS CSC-like cells to 5-FU. When used in combination GSI and 5-FU, the clonogenicity in vitro and the tumourigenicity in vivo of INS CSC-like cells were significantly reduced. These findings suggested that the combined strategy of Notch signalling inhibition and 5-FU synergistically attenuated enriched INS CSC populations, providing a rationale for future therapeutic exploitation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Capodanno
- Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies and The Roslin InstituteUniversity of Edinburgh, Midlothian, UK
| | - F O Buishand
- Department of Clinical Sciences of Companion AnimalsFaculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - L Y Pang
- Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies and The Roslin InstituteUniversity of Edinburgh, Midlothian, UK
| | | | - J A Mol
- Department of Clinical Sciences of Companion AnimalsFaculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - D J Argyle
- Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies and The Roslin InstituteUniversity of Edinburgh, Midlothian, UK
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32
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Wu X. Up-regulation of YPEL1 and YPEL5 and down-regulation of ITGA2 in erlotinib-treated EGFR-mutant non-small cell lung cancer: A bioinformatic analysis. Gene 2017; 643:74-82. [PMID: 29221754 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2017.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2017] [Revised: 11/17/2017] [Accepted: 12/04/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE This study aimed to identify genes with significant alteration following treatment of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR)-mutant non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) with tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs). METHODS We downloaded microarray data of GSE67051 from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database. Genes with differential expression were identified in two groups: erlotinib-treated versus DMSO-treated PC9 cells and erlotinib-treated versus DMSO-treated HCC827 cells. Functional enrichment analysis and protein-protein interaction (PPI) network were performed on the overlapping differentially expressed genes (DEGs). Additionally, miRNAs that can regulate the DEGs were predicted. Small-molecule drugs, with possible synergistic or antagonistic actions with respect to erlotinib, were screened; data validation using another dataset was conducted. RESULTS In total, 1466 and 839 DEGs were identified in the aforementioned comparison groups, respectively, among which 267 overlapping up-regulated and 73 down-regulated were observed. The overlapping up- and down-regulated genes were significantly associated with different functions and pathways. ITGA2 had higher centrality scores in the PPI network. Seventy small-molecule drugs, with either possible synergistic or antagonistic roles with erlotinib, were identified. Moreover, up-regulated YPEL1, YPEL2, and YPEL5 were enriched in the miRNA-target regulatory network. Implementing data validation, we found YPEL1, YPEL5, and ITGA2 displayed similar expression profiles in the two datasets. CONCLUSION YPEL1 and YPEL5 may be related to the action of erlotinib, and down-regulation of ITGA2 may be associated with the development of acquired resistance to erlotinib in EGFR-mutant NSCLCs. Furthermore, several small-molecule drugs that may have synergistic and antagonistic roles with erlotinib were identified.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoli Wu
- Department of pharmacy, Huai'an First People's Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, No. 1 West Huanghe Road, Huaiyin District, Huai'an, Jiangsu 223300, China.
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[Primary lung cancer in Chinese renal transplant recipients: a single-center analysis]. NAN FANG YI KE DA XUE XUE BAO = JOURNAL OF SOUTHERN MEDICAL UNIVERSITY 2017. [PMID: 28669942 PMCID: PMC6744132 DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-4254.2017.06.01] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the clinical characteristics and the outcomes of primary lung cancer in renal recipients. METHODS Between January, 1988 and April, 2015, a total of 2793 consecutive patients underwent renal transplantation at our center. Fourteen (0.5%) patients subsequently developed lung cancer, for which 10 (71.4%) received surgical treatment. RESULTS The mean age of the 14 patients with post-transplant lung cancer was 50.2±8.3 years at transplantation, and 10 of them (71.4%) were former smokers. In 9 (64.3%) of 14 patients, the malignancies were detected incidentally and 5 patients were symptomatic. The average interval from transplantation to cancer diagnosis was 65.7±20.1 months. Eleven patients died from cancer metastasis or organ failure and 3 remained alive with functioning graft. The survival rates of the patients with lung cancer in different stages were statistically different (P=0.001). The overall 5-year survival rate after diagnosis was 17.9% in these 14 patients. CONCLUSION The risk of primary lung cancer might be higher in renal transplant recipients than in the general Chinese population. Routine chest screening for lung cancer in renal transplant recipients may help in early detection and treatment of the malignancy to improve the prognosis.
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Xiao Y, Yan W, Guo L, Meng C, Li B, Neves H, Chen PC, Li L, Huang Y, Kwok HF, Lin Y. Digitoxin synergizes with sorafenib to inhibit hepatocelluar carcinoma cell growth without inhibiting cell migration. Mol Med Rep 2016; 15:941-947. [PMID: 28035421 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2016.6096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2015] [Accepted: 11/24/2016] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Sorafenib is a chemotherapeutic agent approved for the treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) in China. Digitoxin is a cardiotonic drug, which has been demonstrated to exhibit anticancer effects in a number of cancers, but not in HCC. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the combinational effect of sorafenib and digitoxin on the treatment of HCC and to investigate the relevant molecular mechanisms of action that underlie these effects. The proliferation, cell death and migration of HCC cell lines, HepG2 and BEL‑7402, were examined using MTT, acridine orange/ethidium bromide staining and scratch wound healing assays, respectively. In addition, alterations in the expression of phosphorylated-extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK), hypoxia‑inducible factor 1‑α (HIF‑1α), hypoxia‑inducible factor 2‑α (HIF‑2α) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) were measured prior to and following drug application using western blot analysis. Digitoxin and sorafenib synergistically inhibited cell viability, but did not inhibit migration, which was potentially mediated by suppression of ERK and hypoxia signaling. In downstream signaling pathways, the activity of ERK was synergistically suppressed by combinatorial treatment of HepG2 and BEL‑7402 cells with sorafenib and digitoxin. In addition, the expression of HIF‑1α, HIF‑2α and VEGF was synergistically downregulated by combinational treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yijun Xiao
- College of Life Sciences, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, Fujian, P.R. China
| | - Wei Yan
- College of Life Sciences, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, Fujian, P.R. China
| | - Libin Guo
- College of Life Sciences, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, Fujian, P.R. China
| | - Chen Meng
- College of Life Sciences, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, Fujian, P.R. China
| | - Bin Li
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Avenida de Universidade, Taipa, Macau SAR, P.R. China
| | - Henrique Neves
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Avenida de Universidade, Taipa, Macau SAR, P.R. China
| | - Peng-Chen Chen
- College of Life Sciences, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, Fujian, P.R. China
| | - Ling Li
- The United Innovation of Mengchao Hepatobiliary Technology Key Laboratory of Fujian Province, Mengchao Hepatobiliary Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, P.R. China
| | - Yide Huang
- College of Life Sciences, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, Fujian, P.R. China
| | - Hang Fai Kwok
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Avenida de Universidade, Taipa, Macau SAR, P.R. China
| | - Yao Lin
- College of Life Sciences, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, Fujian, P.R. China
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Shi H, Zhang W, Zhi Q, Jiang M. Lapatinib resistance in HER2+ cancers: latest findings and new concepts on molecular mechanisms. Tumour Biol 2016; 37:10.1007/s13277-016-5467-2. [PMID: 27726101 DOI: 10.1007/s13277-016-5467-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2016] [Accepted: 09/23/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
In the era of new and mostly effective molecular targeted therapies, human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 positive (HER2+) cancers are still intractable diseases. Lapatinib, a dual epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) and HER2 tyrosine kinase inhibitor, has greatly improved breast cancer prognosis in recent years after the initial introduction of trastuzumab (Herceptin). However, clinical evidence indicates the existence of both primary unresponsiveness and secondary lapatinib resistance, which leads to the failure of this agent in HER2+ cancer patients. It remains a major clinical challenge to target the oncogenic pathways with drugs having low resistance. Multiple pathways are involved in the occurrence of lapatinib resistance, including the pathways of receptor tyrosine kinase, non-receptor tyrosine kinase, autophagy, apoptosis, microRNA, cancer stem cell, tumor metabolism, cell cycle, and heat shock protein. Moreover, understanding the relationship among these mechanisms may contribute to future tumor combination therapies. Therefore, it is of urgent necessity to elucidate the precise mechanisms of lapatinib resistance and improve the therapeutic use of this agent in clinic. The present review, in the hope of providing further scientific support for molecular targeted therapies in HER2+ cancers, discusses about the latest findings and new concepts on molecular mechanisms underlying lapatinib resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huiping Shi
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu Province, 215006, China
| | - Weili Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Xiangcheng People's Hospital, Suzhou, Jiangsu Province, 215131, China
| | - Qiaoming Zhi
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu Province, 215006, China.
| | - Min Jiang
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu Province, 215006, China.
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Eigenmann MJ, Frances N, Hoffmann G, Lavé T, Walz AC. Combining Nonclinical Experiments with Translational PKPD Modeling to Differentiate Erlotinib and Gefitinib. Mol Cancer Ther 2016; 15:3110-3119. [DOI: 10.1158/1535-7163.mct-16-0076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2016] [Revised: 08/02/2016] [Accepted: 08/26/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Targeting the Mammalian Target of Rapamycin in Lung Cancer. Am J Med Sci 2016; 352:507-516. [PMID: 27865299 DOI: 10.1016/j.amjms.2016.08.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2016] [Revised: 07/09/2016] [Accepted: 08/18/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer death worldwide. Despite advances in its prevention and management, the prognosis of patients with lung cancer remains poor. Therefore, much attention is being given to factors that contribute to the development of this disease, the mechanisms that drive oncogenesis and tumor progression and the search for novel targets that could lead to the development of more effective treatments. One cellular pathway implicated in lung cancer development and progression is that of the mammalian target of rapamycin. Studies involving human tissues have linked lung cancer with abnormalities in this pathway. Furthermore, studies in vitro and in vivo using animal models of lung cancer reveal that targeting this pathway might represent an effective means of treating this disease. As a result, there is significant effort invested in the development of drugs targeting mammalian target of rapamycin and related pathways in the clinical setting.
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Edmondson R, Adcock AF, Yang L. Influence of Matrices on 3D-Cultured Prostate Cancer Cells' Drug Response and Expression of Drug-Action Associated Proteins. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0158116. [PMID: 27352049 PMCID: PMC4924873 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0158116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2016] [Accepted: 06/12/2016] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
This study investigated the effects of matrix on the behaviors of 3D-cultured cells of two prostate cancer cell lines, LNCaP and DU145. Two biologically-derived matrices, Matrigel and Cultrex BME, and one synthetic matrix, the Alvetex scaffold, were used to culture the cells. The cell proliferation rate, cellular response to anti-cancer drugs, and expression levels of proteins associated with drug sensitivity/resistance were examined and compared amongst the 3D-cultured cells on the three matrices and 2D-cultured cells. The cellular responses upon treatment with two common anti-cancer drugs, Docetaxel and Rapamycin, were examined. The expressions of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) and β-III tubulin in DU145 cells and p53 in LNCaP cells were examined. The results showed that the proliferation rates of cells cultured on the three matrices varied, especially between the synthetic matrix and the biologically-derived matrices. The drug responses and the expressions of drug sensitivity-associated proteins differed between cells on various matrices as well. Among the 3D cultures on the three matrices, increased expression of β-III tubulin in DU145 cells was correlated with increased resistance to Docetaxel, and decreased expression of EGFR in DU145 cells was correlated with increased sensitivity to Rapamycin. Increased expression of a p53 dimer in 3D-cultured LNCaP cells was correlated with increased resistance to Docetaxel. Collectively, the results showed that the matrix of 3D cell culture models strongly influences cellular behaviors, which highlights the imperative need to achieve standardization of 3D cell culture technology in order to be used in drug screening and cell biology studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rasheena Edmondson
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Biomanufacturing Research Institute and Technology Enterprise (BRITE), North Carolina Central University, Durham, NC 27707, United States of America
| | - Audrey F. Adcock
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Biomanufacturing Research Institute and Technology Enterprise (BRITE), North Carolina Central University, Durham, NC 27707, United States of America
| | - Liju Yang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Biomanufacturing Research Institute and Technology Enterprise (BRITE), North Carolina Central University, Durham, NC 27707, United States of America
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Gray ME, Lee S, McDowell AL, Erskine M, Loh QTM, Grice O, Argyle DJ, Bergkvist GT. Dual targeting of EGFR and ERBB2 pathways produces a synergistic effect on cancer cell proliferation and migration in vitro. Vet Comp Oncol 2016; 15:890-909. [PMID: 27229930 DOI: 10.1111/vco.12230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2015] [Revised: 03/07/2016] [Accepted: 03/07/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Members of the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR/ERBB) gene family are frequently dysregulated in a range of human cancers, and therapeutics targeting these proteins are in clinical use. We hypothesized that similar pathways are involved in feline and canine tumours and that the same drugs may be of clinical use in veterinary patients. We investigated EGFR and ERBB2 targeting using a panel of feline and canine cell lines. EGFR and ERBB2 were targeted with siRNAs or tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) and their effect on cellular proliferation, colony formation and migration was investigated in vitro. Here we report that EGFR and ERBB2 combined siRNA targeting produced synergistic effects in feline and canine cell lines similar to that reported in human cell lines. We conclude that dual EGFR and ERBB2 targeting using TKIs should be further evaluated as a potential new therapeutic strategy in feline head and neck and mammary tumours and canine mammary tumours.
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Affiliation(s)
- M E Gray
- The Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies and The Roslin Institute, The University of Edinburgh, Midlothian, EH25 9RG, UK
| | - S Lee
- The Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies and The Roslin Institute, The University of Edinburgh, Midlothian, EH25 9RG, UK
| | - A L McDowell
- The Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies and The Roslin Institute, The University of Edinburgh, Midlothian, EH25 9RG, UK
| | - M Erskine
- The Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies and The Roslin Institute, The University of Edinburgh, Midlothian, EH25 9RG, UK
| | - Q T M Loh
- The Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies and The Roslin Institute, The University of Edinburgh, Midlothian, EH25 9RG, UK
| | - O Grice
- The Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies and The Roslin Institute, The University of Edinburgh, Midlothian, EH25 9RG, UK
| | - D J Argyle
- The Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies and The Roslin Institute, The University of Edinburgh, Midlothian, EH25 9RG, UK
| | - G T Bergkvist
- The Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies and The Roslin Institute, The University of Edinburgh, Midlothian, EH25 9RG, UK
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Li J, Shin S, Sun Y, Yoon SO, Li C, Zhang E, Yu J, Zhang J, Blenis J. mTORC1-Driven Tumor Cells Are Highly Sensitive to Therapeutic Targeting by Antagonists of Oxidative Stress. Cancer Res 2016; 76:4816-27. [PMID: 27197195 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-15-2629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2015] [Accepted: 05/05/2016] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
mTORC1 is a central signaling node in controlling cell growth, proliferation, and metabolism that is aberrantly activated in cancers and certain cancer-associated genetic disorders, such as tuberous sclerosis complex (TSC) and sporadic lymphangioleiomyomatosis. However, while mTORC1-inhibitory compounds (rapamycin and rapalogs) attracted interest as candidate therapeutics, clinical trials have not replicated the promising findings in preclinical models, perhaps because these compounds tend to limit cell proliferation without inducing cell death. In seeking to address this issue, we performed a high-throughput screen for small molecules that could heighten the cytotoxicity of mTORC1 inhibitors. Here we report the discovery that combining inhibitors of mTORC1 and glutamate cysteine ligase (GCLC) can selectively and efficiently trigger apoptosis in Tsc2-deficient cells but not wild-type cells. Mechanistic investigations revealed that coinhibition of mTORC1 and GCLC decreased the level of the intracellular thiol antioxidant glutathione (GSH), thereby increasing levels of reactive oxygen species, which we determined to mediate cell death in Tsc2-deficient cells. Our findings offer preclinical proof of concept for a strategy to selectively increase the cytotoxicity of mTORC1 inhibitors as a therapy to eradicate tumor cells marked by high mTORC1 signaling, based on cotargeting a GSH-controlled oxidative stress pathway. Cancer Res; 76(16); 4816-27. ©2016 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Li
- Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Sejeong Shin
- Department of Pharmacology, Meyer Cancer Center, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York
| | - Yang Sun
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts. Department of Dermatology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, Massachusetts
| | - Sang-Oh Yoon
- Department of Pharmacology, Meyer Cancer Center, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York
| | - Chenggang Li
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts. Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Erik Zhang
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts. Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Jane Yu
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts. Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Jianming Zhang
- Department of Dermatology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, Massachusetts
| | - John Blenis
- Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts. Department of Pharmacology, Meyer Cancer Center, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York.
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XU YOUZHI, LI YONGHUAI, LU WENJIE, LU KUN, WANG CHUNTING, LI YAN, LIN HONGJUN, KAN LIXIN, YANG SHENGYONG, WANG SIYING, ZHAO YINGLAN. YL4073 is a potent autophagy-stimulating antitumor agent in an in vivo model of Lewis lung carcinoma. Oncol Rep 2016; 35:2081-8. [DOI: 10.3892/or.2016.4603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2015] [Accepted: 12/07/2015] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
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Espelin CW, Leonard SC, Geretti E, Wickham TJ, Hendriks BS. Dual HER2 Targeting with Trastuzumab and Liposomal-Encapsulated Doxorubicin (MM-302) Demonstrates Synergistic Antitumor Activity in Breast and Gastric Cancer. Cancer Res 2016; 76:1517-27. [DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-15-1518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2015] [Accepted: 12/18/2015] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Nguyen TL, Aung YK, Evans CF, Yoon-Ho C, Jenkins MA, Sung J, Hopper JL, Song YM. Mammographic density defined by higher than conventional brightness threshold better predicts breast cancer risk for full-field digital mammograms. Breast Cancer Res 2015; 17:142. [PMID: 26581435 PMCID: PMC4652378 DOI: 10.1186/s13058-015-0654-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2015] [Accepted: 11/06/2015] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction When measured using the computer-assisted method CUMULUS, mammographic density adjusted for age and body mass index predicts breast cancer risk. We asked if new mammographic density measures defined by higher brightness thresholds gave better risk predictions. Methods The Korean Breast Cancer Study included 213 women diagnosed with invasive breast cancer and 630 controls matched for age at full-field digital mammogram and menopausal status. Mammographic density was measured using CUMULUS at the conventional threshold (Cumulus), and in effect at two increasingly higher thresholds, which we call Altocumulus and Cirrocumulus, respectively. All measures were Box-Cox transformed and adjusted for age, body mass index, menopausal status and machine. We used conditional logistic regression to estimate the change in Odds PER standard deviation of transformed and Adjusted density measures (OPERA). The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) was estimated. Results Corresponding Altocumulus and Cirrocumulus density measures were correlated with Cumulus measures (r approximately 0.8 and 0.6, respectively). Altocumulus and Cirrocumulus measures were on average 25 % and 80 % less, respectively, than the Cumulus measure. For dense area, the OPERA was 1.18 (95 % confidence interval: 1.01−1.39, P = 0.03) for Cumulus; 1.36 (1.15−1.62, P < 0.001) for Altocumulus; and 1.23 (1.04−1.45, P = 0.01) for Cirrocumulus. After fitting the Altocumulus measure, the Cumulus measure was no longer associated with risk. After fitting the Cumulus measure, the Altocumulus measure was still associated with risk (P = 0.001). The AUCs for dense area was 0.59 for the Altocumulus measure, greater than 0.55 and 0.57 for the Cumulus and Cirrocumulus measures, respectively (P = 0.001). Similar results were found for percentage dense area measures. Conclusions Altocumulus measures perform better than Cumulus measures in predicting breast cancer risk, and Cumulus measures are confounded by Altocumulus measures. The mammographically bright regions might be more aetiologically important for breast cancer, with implications for biological, molecular, genetic and epidemiological research and clinical translation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tuong Linh Nguyen
- Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of Melbourne, Level 3, 207 Bouverie Street, Carlton, VIC, 3053, Australia.
| | - Ye Kyaw Aung
- Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of Melbourne, Level 3, 207 Bouverie Street, Carlton, VIC, 3053, Australia.
| | - Christopher Francis Evans
- Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of Melbourne, Level 3, 207 Bouverie Street, Carlton, VIC, 3053, Australia.
| | - Choi Yoon-Ho
- Center for Health Promotion, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, 25-2 Sungkyunkwan-ro, Jongno-gu, 110-745, Seoul, Korea.
| | - Mark Anthony Jenkins
- Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of Melbourne, Level 3, 207 Bouverie Street, Carlton, VIC, 3053, Australia.
| | - Joohon Sung
- Seoul Department of Epidemiology and Institute of Health and Environment, School of Public Health, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, 151-742, Seoul, Korea.
| | - John Llewelyn Hopper
- Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of Melbourne, Level 3, 207 Bouverie Street, Carlton, VIC, 3053, Australia. .,Seoul Department of Epidemiology and Institute of Health and Environment, School of Public Health, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, 151-742, Seoul, Korea.
| | - Yun-Mi Song
- Department of Family Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, 25-2 Sungkyunkwan-ro, Jongno-gu, 110-745, Seoul, Korea.
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Kovacevic Z, Menezes SV, Sahni S, Kalinowski DS, Bae DH, Lane DJR, Richardson DR. The Metastasis Suppressor, N-MYC Downstream-regulated Gene-1 (NDRG1), Down-regulates the ErbB Family of Receptors to Inhibit Downstream Oncogenic Signaling Pathways. J Biol Chem 2015; 291:1029-52. [PMID: 26534963 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m115.689653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2015] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
N-MYC downstream-regulated gene-1 (NDRG1) is a potent growth and metastasis suppressor that acts through its inhibitory effects on a wide variety of cellular signaling pathways, including the TGF-β pathway, protein kinase B (AKT)/PI3K pathway, RAS, etc. To investigate the hypothesis that its multiple effects could be regulated by a common upstream effector, the role of NDRG1 on the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) and other members of the ErbB family, namely human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) and human epidermal growth factor receptor 3 (HER3), was examined. We demonstrate that NDRG1 markedly decreased the expression and activation of EGFR, HER2, and HER3 in response to the epidermal growth factor (EGF) ligand, while also inhibiting formation of the EGFR/HER2 and HER2/HER3 heterodimers. In addition, NDRG1 also decreased activation of the downstream MAPKK in response to EGF. Moreover, novel anti-tumor agents of the di-2-pyridylketone class of thiosemicarbazones, namely di-2-pyridylketone 4,4-dimethyl-3-thiosemicarbazone and di-2-pyridylketone 4-cyclohexyl-4-methyl-3-thiosemicarbazone, which markedly up-regulate NDRG1, were found to inhibit EGFR, HER2, and HER3 expression and phosphorylation in cancer cells. However, the mechanism involved appeared dependent on NDRG1 for di-2-pyridylketone 4,4-dimethyl-3-thiosemicarbazone, but was independent of this metastasis suppressor for di-2-pyridylketone 4-cyclohexyl-4-methyl-3-thiosemicarbazone. This observation demonstrates that small structural changes in thiosemicarbazones result in marked alterations in molecular targeting. Collectively, these results reveal a mechanism for the extensive downstream effects on cellular signaling attributed to NDRG1. Furthermore, this study identifies a novel approach for the treatment of tumors resistant to traditional EGFR inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zaklina Kovacevic
- From the Molecular Pharmacology and Pathology Program, Department of Pathology and Bosch Institute, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales 2006, Australia
| | - Sharleen V Menezes
- From the Molecular Pharmacology and Pathology Program, Department of Pathology and Bosch Institute, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales 2006, Australia
| | - Sumit Sahni
- From the Molecular Pharmacology and Pathology Program, Department of Pathology and Bosch Institute, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales 2006, Australia
| | - Danuta S Kalinowski
- From the Molecular Pharmacology and Pathology Program, Department of Pathology and Bosch Institute, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales 2006, Australia
| | - Dong-Hun Bae
- From the Molecular Pharmacology and Pathology Program, Department of Pathology and Bosch Institute, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales 2006, Australia
| | - Darius J R Lane
- From the Molecular Pharmacology and Pathology Program, Department of Pathology and Bosch Institute, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales 2006, Australia
| | - Des R Richardson
- From the Molecular Pharmacology and Pathology Program, Department of Pathology and Bosch Institute, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales 2006, Australia
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Zhang X, Liu G, Liu H, Ma T. [Sequence-dependent Effect of Triptolide with Gefitinib on the Proliferation
and Apoptosis of Lung Adenocarcinoma Cell H1975]. ZHONGGUO FEI AI ZA ZHI = CHINESE JOURNAL OF LUNG CANCER 2015; 18:599-609. [PMID: 26483331 PMCID: PMC6000088 DOI: 10.3779/j.issn.1009-3419.2015.10.01] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
背景与目的 表皮生长因子受体(epidermal growth factor receptor, EGFR)酪氨酸激酶抑制剂(tyrosine kinase inhibitors, TKIs)被用于治疗进展性晚期非小细胞肺癌(non-small cell lung cancer, NSCLC), 然而最初接受TKIs治疗有反应的患者, 大都会在10个月左右出现获得性耐药。报告称EGFR基因T790M的突变是产生获得性耐药的主要原因, 比例约占50%。本研究旨在探索雷公藤甲素(triptolide, TP)和吉非替尼序贯应用对肺腺癌细胞H1975细胞增殖和凋亡通路的作用。 方法 MTT法检测细胞的增殖。等效线图法和联合指数(combination index, CI)法评估雷公藤甲素和吉非替尼序贯作用的效价。流式细胞术检测细胞凋亡和周期分布, Hoechest 33258染色法检测凋亡形态。化学比色发光法检测Caspases的活性。 结果 等效线图法和联合指数法均显示雷公藤甲素序贯吉非替尼组较其他序贯作用组明显抑制了细胞增殖, 增加了细胞的凋亡。细胞周期分布实验结果显示与吉非替尼序贯雷公藤甲素组主要把细胞抑制在G0/G1期相比较, 雷公藤甲素序贯吉非替尼组主要把细胞抑制在G2/M期。在肺腺癌H1975中, 所有序贯模型组都主要通过活化Caspase-9/Caspase-3来诱导激活细胞凋亡通路。 结论 先用雷公藤甲素再用吉非替尼治疗模式可能是克服T790M突变耐药的一个新选择。
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyu Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu 233000, China
| | - Guiyang Liu
- Department of Pharmacy, the Affiliated Hospital of Chinese PLA Hospital, Beijing 100853, China
| | - Hao Liu
- Department of Pharmacy, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu 233000, China
| | - Tao Ma
- Department of Pharmacy, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu 233000, China
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Toward rapamycin analog (rapalog)-based precision cancer therapy. Acta Pharmacol Sin 2015; 36:1163-9. [PMID: 26299952 DOI: 10.1038/aps.2015.68] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2015] [Accepted: 06/12/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Rapamycin and its analogs (rapalogs) are the first generation of mTOR inhibitors, which have the same molecular scaffold, but different physiochemical properties. Rapalogs are being tested in a wide spectrum of human tumors as both monotherapy and a component of combination therapy. Among them, temsirolimus and everolimus have been approved for the treatment of breast and renal cancer. However, objective response rates with rapalogs in clinical trials are modest and variable. Identification of biomarkers predicting response to rapalogs, and discovery of drug combinations with improved efficacy and tolerated toxicity are critical to moving this class of targeted therapeutics forward. This review focuses on the aberrations in the PI3K/mTOR pathway in human tumor cells or tissues as predictive biomarkers for rapalog efficacy. Recent results of combinational therapy using rapalogs and other anticancer drugs are documented. With the rapid development of next-generation genomic sequencing and precision medicine, rapalogs will provide greater benefits to cancer patients.
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Metformin and erlotinib synergize to inhibit basal breast cancer. Oncotarget 2015; 5:10503-17. [PMID: 25361177 PMCID: PMC4279389 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.2391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2014] [Accepted: 08/21/2014] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Basal-like breast cancers (BBCs) are enriched for increased EGFR expression and decreased expression of PTEN. We found that treatment with metformin and erlotinib synergistically induced apoptosis in a subset of BBC cell lines. The drug combination led to enhanced reduction of EGFR, AKT, S6 and 4EBP1 phosphorylation, as well as prevented colony formation and inhibited mammosphere outgrowth. Our data with other compounds suggested that biguanides combined with EGFR inhibitors have the potential to outperform other targeted drug combinations and could be employed in other breast cancer subtypes, as well as other tumor types, with activated EGFR and PI3K signaling. Analysis of BBC cell line alterations led to the hypothesis that loss of PTEN sensitized cells to the drug combination which was confirmed using isogenic cell line models with and without PTEN expression. Combined metformin and erlotinib led to partial regression of PTEN-null and EGFR-amplified xenografted MDA-MB-468 BBC tumors with evidence of significant apoptosis, reduction of EGFR and AKT signaling, and lack of altered plasma insulin levels. Combined treatment also inhibited xenografted PTEN null HCC-70 BBC cells. Measurement of trough plasma drug levels in xenografted mice and a separately performed pharmacokinetics modeling study support possible clinical translation.
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Exogenous Restoration of TUSC2 Expression Induces Responsiveness to Erlotinib in Wildtype Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor (EGFR) Lung Cancer Cells through Context Specific Pathways Resulting in Enhanced Therapeutic Efficacy. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0123967. [PMID: 26053020 PMCID: PMC4460038 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0123967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2014] [Accepted: 01/29/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Expression of the tumor suppressor gene TUSC2 is reduced or absent in most lung cancers and is associated with worse overall survival. In this study, we restored TUSC2 gene expression in several wild type EGFR non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) cell lines resistant to the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) tyrosine kinase inhibitor erlotinib and analyzed their sensitivity to erlotinib in vitro and in vivo. A significant inhibition of cell growth and colony formation was observed with TUSC2 transient and stable expression. TUSC2-erlotinib cooperativity in vitro could be reproduced in vivo in subcutaneous tumor growth and lung metastasis formation lung cancer xenograft mouse models. Combination treatment with intravenous TUSC2 nanovesicles and erlotinib synergistically inhibited tumor growth and metastasis, and increased apoptotic activity. High-throughput qRT-PCR array analysis enabling multi-parallel expression profile analysis of eighty six receptor and non-receptor tyrosine kinase genes revealed a significant decrease of FGFR2 expression level, suggesting a potential role of FGFR2 in TUSC2-enhanced sensitivity to erlotinib. Western blots showed inhibition of FGFR2 by TUSC2 transient transfection, and marked increase of PARP, an apoptotic marker, cleavage level after TUSC2-erlotinb combined treatment. Suppression of FGFR2 by AZD4547 or gene knockdown enhanced sensitivity to erlotinib in some but not all tested cell lines. TUSC2 inhibits mTOR activation and the latter cell lines were responsive to the mTOR inhibitor rapamycin combined with erlotinib. These results suggest that TUSC2 restoration in wild type EGFR NSCLC may overcome erlotinib resistance, and identify FGFR2 and mTOR as critical regulators of this activity in varying cellular contexts. The therapeutic activity of TUSC2 could extend the use of erlotinib to lung cancer patients with wildtype EGFR.
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Lu Q, Wang J, Yu G, Guo T, Hu C, Ren P. Expression and clinical significance of mammalian target of rapamycin/P70 ribosomal protein S6 kinase signaling pathway in human colorectal carcinoma tissue. Oncol Lett 2015; 10:277-282. [PMID: 26171014 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2015.3228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2014] [Accepted: 02/11/2015] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The activation of mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) has been reported in tumor development, but the role of mTOR in colorectal carcinomas remains unclear. The aim of the present study was to investigate the significance of mTOR and its downstream effector 70 kDa ribosomal protein S6 kinase (P70S6K) in human colorectal carcinomas. The phosphorylated (p-)mTOR and p-P70S6K proteins were examined by immunohistochemistry performed on tissue microarray containing tissue samples obtained from colorectal carcinoma (n=111), adenomatous polyps (n=40) and normal colonic mucosa (n=40), with a comparison between the expression of these proteins and the clinicopathological parameters of patients with carcinomas. The positive expression rates of p-mTOR and p-P70S6k were 60.4 and 65.8%, respectively, in colorectal carcinoma tissue, which was significantly increased compared with the tissue from adenomatous polyps (27.5 and 20%, respectively) and normal colonic mucosa (10.0 and 5.0%, respectively) (P<0.05). Overexpression of the p-mTOR and p-P70S6K proteins was significantly associated with the tumor-node-metastasis stage, the occurrence of distal and lymph node metastasis and the degree of differentiation. Aberrant expression of p-mTOR and p-P70S6K may contribute to the pathogenesis, growth, invasion and metastasis of colorectal carcinoma. The phosphorylation of these proteins was considered to be a promising marker to indicate the aggressive behaviors and prognosis of colorectal carcinomas. The overexpression of the mTOR/P70S6K signaling pathway may play an important role in colorectal carcinoma carcinogenesis. The expression of p-mTOR and p-P70S6K was considered as a promising marker to indicate the aggressive behaviors and prognosis of human colorectal carcinomas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingjun Lu
- Department of General Surgery, Binzhou Central Hospital, Binzhou Medical College, Binzhou, Shandong, P.R. China
| | - Jieshu Wang
- Department of General Surgery, Binzhou Central Hospital, Binzhou Medical College, Binzhou, Shandong, P.R. China
| | - Gang Yu
- Department of General Surgery, Binzhou Central Hospital, Binzhou Medical College, Binzhou, Shandong, P.R. China
| | - Tianhua Guo
- Department of General Surgery, Binzhou Central Hospital, Binzhou Medical College, Binzhou, Shandong, P.R. China
| | - Chun Hu
- Department of Oncology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, P.R. China
| | - Peng Ren
- Department of General Surgery, Binzhou Central Hospital, Binzhou Medical College, Binzhou, Shandong, P.R. China
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Zhao Q, Kretschmer N, Bauer R, Efferth T. Shikonin and its derivatives inhibit the epidermal growth factor receptor signaling and synergistically kill glioblastoma cells in combination with erlotinib. Int J Cancer 2015; 137:1446-56. [PMID: 25688715 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.29483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2014] [Accepted: 02/04/2015] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Overexpression and mutation of the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) gene play a causal role in tumorigenesis and resistance to treatment of glioblastoma (GBM). EGFR inhibitors such as erlotinib are currently used for the treatment of GBM; however, their efficacy has been limited due to drug resistance. New treatment strategies are therefore urgently needed. Shikonin, a natural naphthoquinone, induces both apoptosis and necroptosis in human glioma cells, but the effectiveness of erlotinib-shikonin combination treatment as well as the underlying molecular mechanisms is unknown yet. In this study, we investigated erlotinib in combination with shikonin and 14 shikonin derivatives in parental U87MG and transfected U87MG.ΔEGFR GBM cells. Most of the shikonin derivatives revealed strong cytotoxicity. Shikonin together with five other derivatives, namely deoxyshikonin, isobutyrylshikonin, acetylshikonin, β,β-dimethylacrylshikonin and acetylalkannin showed synergistic cytotoxicity toward U87MG.ΔEGFR in combination with erlotinib. Moreover, the combined cytotoxic effect of shikonin and erlotinib was further confirmed with another three EGFR-expressing cell lines, BS153, A431 and DK-MG. Shikonin not only dose-dependently inhibited EGFR phosphorylation and decreased phosphorylation of EGFR downstream molecules, including AKT, P44/42MAPK and PLCγ1, but also together with erlotinib synergistically inhibited ΔEGFR phosphorylation in U87MG.ΔEGFR cells as determined by Loewe additivity and Bliss independence drug interaction models. These results suggest that the combination of erlotinib with shikonin or its derivatives might be a potential strategy to overcome drug resistance to erlotinib.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiaoli Zhao
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biology, Institute of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany
| | - Nadine Kretschmer
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Rudolf Bauer
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Thomas Efferth
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biology, Institute of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany
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