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Pawlik VE, Sonntag SR, Grisanti S, Tura A, Kakkassery V, Ranjbar M. Impact of Nintedanib and Anti-Angiogenic Agents on Uveal Melanoma Cell Behavior. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2024; 65:30. [PMID: 38381412 PMCID: PMC10893901 DOI: 10.1167/iovs.65.2.30] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Accepted: 01/21/2024] [Indexed: 02/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Purpose The purpose of this study was to investigate the direct impact of the combined angiokinase inhibitor nintedanib as well as the anti-angiogenic agents ranibizumab, bevacizumab, and aflibercept on the primary uveal melanoma (UM) cell line Mel270 and liver metastasis UM cell line OMM2.5. Methods The metabolic activity, viability, and oxidative stress levels were analyzed by the Thiazolyl Blue Tetrazolium Bromide (MTT), LIVE/DEAD, and reactive oxygen species (ROS) assays. Expression of intracellular VEGF-A165 and VEGF receptor-2 was detected by immunofluorescent staining. The secretion of VEGF-A165 into the cell culture supernatants was evaluated by VEGF-A165 ELISA. Results Nintedanib, at a concentration of 1 µg/mL, resulted in a median reduction of metabolic activity (for Mel270 of approximately 38% and for OMM2.5 of 46% compared to the untreated control) without exerting toxicity in either cell line, whereas the other 3 substances did not result in any changes (which also means that none of the 4 substances led to an increased cell death). Moreover, nintedanib (1 µg/mL) induced oxidative stress in the Mel270 by approximately 1.2 to 1.5-fold compared to the untreated control, but not the OMM2.5 cells. Conclusions Nintedanib could suppress the growth of UM cells in a concentration-dependent manner. The metastatic UM cell line OMM2.5 was not sensitive to the pro-oxidant activity of nintedanib. This study was the first to investigate nintedanib in the context of UM. We propose further investigation of this substance to elucidate its effects on this tumor entity with the hope of identifying advantageous therapeutic options for future adjuvant tumor therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vera E. Pawlik
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | | | | | - Aysegül Tura
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | | | - Mahdy Ranjbar
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
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2
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Tsunokake S, Iwabuchi E, Miki Y, Kanai A, Onodera Y, Sasano H, Ishida T, Suzuki T. SGLT1 as an adverse prognostic factor in invasive ductal carcinoma of the breast. Breast Cancer Res Treat 2023; 201:499-513. [PMID: 37439959 DOI: 10.1007/s10549-023-07024-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2023] [Accepted: 06/26/2023] [Indexed: 07/14/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Sodium/glucose cotransporter (SGLT) 1 and 2 expression in carcinoma cells was recently examined, but their association with the clinicopathological factors of the patients and their biological effects on breast carcinoma cells have remained remain virtually unknown. Therefore, in this study, we explored the expression status of SGLT1 and SGLT2 in breast cancer patients and examined the effects of SGLT1 inhibitors on breast carcinoma cells in vitro. METHODS SGLT1 and SGLT2 were immunolocalized and we first correlated the findings with clinicopathological factors of the patients. We then administered mizagliflozin and KGA-2727, SGLT1 specific inhibitors to MCF-7 and MDA-MB-468 breast carcinoma cell lines, and their growth-inhibitory effects were examined. Protein arrays were then used to further explore their effects on the growth factors. RESULTS The SGLT1 high group had significantly worse clinical outcome including both overall survival and disease-free survival than low group. SGLT2 status was not significantly correlated with clinical outcome of the patients. Both mizagliflozin and KGA-2727 inhibited the growth of breast cancer cell lines. Of particular interest, mizagliflozin inhibited the proliferation of MCF-7 cells, even under very low glucose conditions. Mizagliflozin downregulated vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2 phosphorylation. CONCLUSION High SGLT1 expression turned out as an adverse clinical prognostic factor in breast cancer patient. This is the first study demonstrating that SGLT1 inhibitors suppressed breast carcinoma cell proliferation. These results indicated that SGLT1 inhibitors could be used as therapeutic agents for breast cancer patients with aggressive biological behaviors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satoko Tsunokake
- Department of Breast and Endocrine Surgical Oncology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Erina Iwabuchi
- Department of Pathology and Histotechnology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan.
| | - Yasuhiro Miki
- Department of Anatomic Pathology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Ayako Kanai
- Department of Breast Surgery, Hachinohe City Hospital, Hachinohe, Aomori, Japan
| | - Yoshiaki Onodera
- Department of Anatomic Pathology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Hironobu Sasano
- Department of Anatomic Pathology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Takanori Ishida
- Department of Breast and Endocrine Surgical Oncology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Takashi Suzuki
- Department of Pathology and Histotechnology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan
- Department of Anatomic Pathology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan
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3
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Mehdizadeh R, Ansari AM, Forouzesh F, Ghadirian R, Shahriari F, Shariatpanahi SP, Javidi MA. Cross-talk between non-ionizing electromagnetic fields and metastasis; EMT and hybrid E/M may explain the anticancer role of EMFs. PROGRESS IN BIOPHYSICS AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2023:S0079-6107(23)00060-3. [PMID: 37302516 DOI: 10.1016/j.pbiomolbio.2023.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2023] [Revised: 05/06/2023] [Accepted: 06/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Recent studies have shown that non-ionizing electromagnetic fields (NIEMFs) in a specific frequency, intensity, and exposure time can have anti-cancer effects on various cancer cells; however, the underlying precise mechanism of action is not transparent. Most cancer deaths are due to metastasis. This important phenomenon plays an inevitable role in different steps of cancer including progression and development. It has different stages including invasion, intravasation, migration, extravasation, and homing. Epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), as well as hybrid E/M state, are biological processes, that involve both natural embryogenesis and tissue regeneration, and abnormal conditions including organ fibrosis or metastasis. In this context, some evidence reveals possible footprints of the important EMT-related pathways which may be affected in different EMFs treatments. In this article, critical EMT molecules and/or pathways which can be potentially affected by EMFs (e.g., VEGFR, ROS, P53, PI3K/AKT, MAPK, Cyclin B1, and NF-кB) are discussed to shed light on the mechanism of EMFs anti-cancer effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Romina Mehdizadeh
- Department of Genetics, Faculty of Advanced Science, and Technology, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Alireza Madjid Ansari
- Department of Integrative Oncology, Breast Cancer Research Center, Motamed Cancer Institute, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
| | - Flora Forouzesh
- Department of Genetics, Faculty of Advanced Science, and Technology, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Reyhane Ghadirian
- Department of Integrative Oncology, Breast Cancer Research Center, Motamed Cancer Institute, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Shahriari
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Mohammad Amin Javidi
- Department of Integrative Oncology, Breast Cancer Research Center, Motamed Cancer Institute, ACECR, Tehran, Iran; Department of Genetics, Faculty of Advanced Science, and Technology, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran.
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4
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Skorda A, Bay ML, Hautaniemi S, Lahtinen A, Kallunki T. Kinase Inhibitors in the Treatment of Ovarian Cancer: Current State and Future Promises. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14246257. [PMID: 36551745 PMCID: PMC9777107 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14246257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2022] [Revised: 12/10/2022] [Accepted: 12/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Ovarian cancer is the deadliest gynecological cancer, the high-grade serous ovarian carcinoma (HGSC) being its most common and most aggressive form. Despite the latest therapeutical advancements following the introduction of vascular endothelial growth factor receptor (VEGFR) targeting angiogenesis inhibitors and poly-ADP-ribose-polymerase (PARP) inhibitors to supplement the standard platinum- and taxane-based chemotherapy, the expected overall survival of HGSC patients has not improved significantly from the five-year rate of 42%. This calls for the development and testing of more efficient treatment options. Many oncogenic kinase-signaling pathways are dysregulated in HGSC. Since small-molecule kinase inhibitors have revolutionized the treatment of many solid cancers due to the generality of the increased activation of protein kinases in carcinomas, it is reasonable to evaluate their potential against HGSC. Here, we present the latest concluded and on-going clinical trials on kinase inhibitors in HGSC, as well as the recent work concerning ovarian cancer patient organoids and xenograft models. We discuss the potential of kinase inhibitors as personalized treatments, which would require comprehensive assessment of the biological mechanisms underlying tumor spread and chemoresistance in individual patients, and their connection to tumor genome and transcriptome to establish identifiable subgroups of patients who are most likely to benefit from a given therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aikaterini Skorda
- Cancer Invasion and Resistance Group, Danish Cancer Society Research Center, Strandboulevarden 49, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Marie Lund Bay
- Cancer Invasion and Resistance Group, Danish Cancer Society Research Center, Strandboulevarden 49, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Sampsa Hautaniemi
- Research Program in Systems Oncology, Research Programs Unit, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Alexandra Lahtinen
- Research Program in Systems Oncology, Research Programs Unit, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland
- Correspondence: (A.L.); (T.K.)
| | - Tuula Kallunki
- Cancer Invasion and Resistance Group, Danish Cancer Society Research Center, Strandboulevarden 49, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, DK-2200 Copenhagen, Denmark
- Correspondence: (A.L.); (T.K.)
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5
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Soni M, Saatci O, Gupta G, Patel Y, Keerthi Raja MR, Li J, Liu X, Xu P, Wang H, Fan D, Sahin O, Chen H. miR-489 Confines Uncontrolled Estrogen Signaling through a Negative Feedback Mechanism and Regulates Tamoxifen Resistance in Breast Cancer. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23158086. [PMID: 35897675 PMCID: PMC9331933 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23158086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2022] [Revised: 07/19/2022] [Accepted: 07/21/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Approximately 75% of diagnosed breast cancer tumors are estrogen-receptor-positive tumors and are associated with a better prognosis due to response to hormonal therapies. However, around 40% of patients relapse after hormonal therapies. Genomic analysis of gene expression profiles in primary breast cancers and tamoxifen-resistant cell lines suggested the potential role of miR-489 in the regulation of estrogen signaling and development of tamoxifen resistance. Our in vitro analysis showed that loss of miR-489 expression promoted tamoxifen resistance, while overexpression of miR-489 in tamoxifen-resistant cells restored tamoxifen sensitivity. Mechanistically, we found that miR-489 is an estrogen-regulated miRNA that negatively regulates estrogen receptor signaling by using at least the following two mechanisms: (i) modulation of the ER phosphorylation status by inhibiting MAPK and AKT kinase activities; (ii) regulation of nuclear-to-cytosol translocation of estrogen receptor α (ERα) by decreasing p38 expression and consequently ER phosphorylation. In addition, miR-489 can break the positive feed-forward loop between the estrogen-Erα axis and p38 MAPK in breast cancer cells, which is necessary for its function as a transcription factor. Overall, our study unveiled the underlying molecular mechanism by which miR-489 regulates an estrogen signaling pathway through a negative feedback loop and uncovered its role in both the development of and overcoming of tamoxifen resistance in breast cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mithil Soni
- Department of Biological Science, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC 29208, USA; (M.S.); (G.G.); (Y.P.); (M.R.K.R.)
| | - Ozge Saatci
- Department of Drug Discovery and Biomedical Sciences, South Carolina College of Pharmacy, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC 29208, USA; (O.S.); (P.X.); (O.S.)
| | - Gourab Gupta
- Department of Biological Science, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC 29208, USA; (M.S.); (G.G.); (Y.P.); (M.R.K.R.)
| | - Yogin Patel
- Department of Biological Science, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC 29208, USA; (M.S.); (G.G.); (Y.P.); (M.R.K.R.)
| | - Manikanda Raja Keerthi Raja
- Department of Biological Science, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC 29208, USA; (M.S.); (G.G.); (Y.P.); (M.R.K.R.)
| | - Jie Li
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC 29201, USA;
| | - Xinfeng Liu
- Department of Mathematics, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC 29201, USA;
| | - Peisheng Xu
- Department of Drug Discovery and Biomedical Sciences, South Carolina College of Pharmacy, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC 29208, USA; (O.S.); (P.X.); (O.S.)
| | - Hongjun Wang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Stevens Institute of Technology, Hoboken, NJ 07030, USA;
| | - Daping Fan
- Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy, University of South Carolina School of Medicine, Columbia, SC 29209, USA;
| | - Ozgur Sahin
- Department of Drug Discovery and Biomedical Sciences, South Carolina College of Pharmacy, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC 29208, USA; (O.S.); (P.X.); (O.S.)
| | - Hexin Chen
- Department of Biological Science, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC 29208, USA; (M.S.); (G.G.); (Y.P.); (M.R.K.R.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-803-777-2928; Fax: +1-803-777-4002
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6
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El-Adl K, Sakr HM, Yousef RG, Mehany ABM, Abulkhair HS, Eissa IH. New quinoxalin-2(1H)-one-derived VEGFR-2 inhibitors: Design, synthesis, in vitro anticancer evaluations, in silico ADMET, and docking studies. Arch Pharm (Weinheim) 2022; 355:e2200048. [PMID: 35437829 DOI: 10.1002/ardp.202200048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2022] [Revised: 03/24/2022] [Accepted: 03/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
More than 70% of cancer patients who are treated with chemotherapeutics do not show a durable response. As part of the global plan seeking new effective chemotherapeutics, here, we report the synthesis and in vitro and computational studies of new lenvatinib and sorafenib analog quinoxalines as vascular endothelial growth factor receptor II (VEGFR-2) tyrosine kinase inhibitors. The central quinolone and pyridine moieties of the Food and Drug Administration-approved anticancer agents lenvatinib and sorafenib were replaced with the versatile quinoxaline scaffold that has been exploited for developing potent cytotoxic agents. With some minor structural optimizations, all the other pharmacophoric features of lenvatinib and sorafenib were maintained. Accordingly, three new sets of quinoxalines were synthesized to evaluate their activity against liver, colorectal, and breast malignancies. The results obtained in the in vitro cytotoxicity evaluation study revealed the superior activity of three derivatives (20, 25, and 29) compared with that of doxorubicin and sorafenib. Absorption, distribution, metabolism, excretion, and toxicity (ADMET) profiling and docking of 20, 25, and 29 into the VEGFR-2 receptor were also performed. Results of in silico studies showed the potential of the designed compounds to bind effectively with a number of key residues. The obtained in vitro cytotoxic activity and ADMET profiles of compounds 20, 25, and 29 suggested that they should be subjected to further structural optimizations to develop new candidates in cancer treatment protocols.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khaled El-Adl
- Pharmaceutical Medicinal Chemistry & Drug Design Department, Faculty of Pharmacy (Boys), Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt.,Pharmaceutical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Heliopolis University for Sustainable Development, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Helmy M Sakr
- Pharmaceutical Medicinal Chemistry & Drug Design Department, Faculty of Pharmacy (Boys), Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Reda G Yousef
- Pharmaceutical Medicinal Chemistry & Drug Design Department, Faculty of Pharmacy (Boys), Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Ahmed B M Mehany
- Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Hamada S Abulkhair
- Pharmaceutical Organic Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt.,Pharmaceutical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Horus University-Egypt, New Damietta, Egypt
| | - Ibrahim H Eissa
- Pharmaceutical Medicinal Chemistry & Drug Design Department, Faculty of Pharmacy (Boys), Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt
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7
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Zandi Z, Kashani B, Alishahi Z, Pourbagheri-Sigaroodi A, Esmaeili F, Ghaffari SH, Bashash D, Momeny M. Dual-specificity phosphatases: therapeutic targets in cancer therapy resistance. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol 2022; 148:57-70. [PMID: 34981193 DOI: 10.1007/s00432-021-03874-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2021] [Accepted: 11/25/2021] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Therapy resistance is the principal obstacle to achieving cures in cancer patients and its successful tackling requires a deep understanding of the resistance mediators. Increasing evidence indicates that tumor phosphatases are novel and druggable targets in translational oncology and their modulation may hinder tumor growth and motility and potentiate therapeutic sensitivity in various neoplasms via regulation of various signal transduction pathways. Dual-specificity phosphatases (DUSPs) are key players of cell growth, survival and death and have essential roles in tumor initiation, malignant progression and therapy resistance through regulation of the MAPK signaling pathway. In this review, different aspects of DUSPs are discussed. METHODS A comprehensive literature review was performed using various websites including PubMed. RESULTS We provide mechanistic insights into the roles of well-known DUSPs in resistance to a wide range of cancer therapeutic approaches including chemotherapy, radiation and molecular targeted therapy in human malignancies. Moreover, we discuss the development of DUSP modulators, with a focus on DUSP1 and 6 inhibitors. Ultimately, the preclinical investigations of small molecule inhibitors of DUSP1 and 6 are outlined. CONCLUSION Emerging evidence indicates that the DUSP family is aberrantly expressed in human malignancies and plays critical roles in determining sensitivity to a wide range of cancer therapeutic strategies through regulation of the MAPK signaling pathways. Consequently, targeting DUSPs and their downstream molecules can pave the way for more effective cancer therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zahra Zandi
- Hematology/Oncology and Stem Cell Transplantation Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Bahareh Kashani
- Hematology/Oncology and Stem Cell Transplantation Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Zivar Alishahi
- Hematology/Oncology and Stem Cell Transplantation Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Atieh Pourbagheri-Sigaroodi
- Department of Hematology and Blood Banking, School of Allied Medical Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Esmaeili
- Hematology/Oncology and Stem Cell Transplantation Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Seyed H Ghaffari
- Hematology/Oncology and Stem Cell Transplantation Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Davood Bashash
- Department of Hematology and Blood Banking, School of Allied Medical Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Majid Momeny
- Hematology/Oncology and Stem Cell Transplantation Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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8
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The p38 MAPK Components and Modulators as Biomarkers and Molecular Targets in Cancer. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 23:ijms23010370. [PMID: 35008796 PMCID: PMC8745478 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23010370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2021] [Revised: 12/27/2021] [Accepted: 12/27/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) family is an important bridge in the transduction of extracellular and intracellular signals in different responses at the cellular level. Within this MAPK family, the p38 kinases can be found altered in various diseases, including cancer, where these kinases play a fundamental role, sometimes with antagonistic mechanisms of action, depending on several factors. In fact, this family has an immense number of functionalities, many of them yet to be discovered in terms of regulation and action in different types of cancer, being directly involved in the response to cancer therapies. To date, three main groups of MAPKs have been identified in mammals: the extracellular signal-regulated kinases (ERK), Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK), and the different isoforms of p38 (α, β, γ, δ). In this review, we highlight the mechanism of action of these kinases, taking into account their extensive regulation at the cellular level through various modifications and modulations, including a wide variety of microRNAs. We also analyze the importance of the different isoforms expressed in the different tissues and their possible role as biomarkers and molecular targets. In addition, we include the latest preclinical and clinical trials with different p38-related drugs that are ongoing with hopeful expectations in the present/future of developing precision medicine in cancer.
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9
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Harry JA, Ormiston ML. Novel Pathways for Targeting Tumor Angiogenesis in Metastatic Breast Cancer. Front Oncol 2021; 11:772305. [PMID: 34926282 PMCID: PMC8678517 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.772305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2021] [Accepted: 11/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer is the most common cancer affecting women and is the second leading cause of cancer related death worldwide. Angiogenesis, the process of new blood vessel development from pre-existing vasculature, has been implicated in the growth, progression, and metastasis of cancer. Tumor angiogenesis has been explored as a key therapeutic target for decades, as the blockade of this process holds the potential to reduce the oxygen and nutrient supplies that are required for tumor growth. However, many existing anti-angiogenic approaches, such as those targeting Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor, Notch, and Angiopoietin signaling, have been associated with severe side-effects, limited survival advantage, and enhanced cancer regrowth rates. To address these setbacks, alternative pathways involved in the regulation of tumor angiogenesis are being explored, including those involving Bone Morphogenetic Protein-9 signaling, the Sonic Hedgehog pathway, Cyclooxygenase-2, p38-mitogen-activated protein kinase, and Chemokine Ligand 18. This review article will introduce the concept of tumor angiogenesis in the context of breast cancer, followed by an overview of current anti-angiogenic therapies, associated resistance mechanisms and novel therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jordan A Harry
- Department of Medicine, Queen's University, Kingston, ON, Canada
| | - Mark L Ormiston
- Department of Medicine, Queen's University, Kingston, ON, Canada.,Department of Biomedical and Molecular Sciences, Queen's University, Kingston, ON, Canada.,Department of Surgery, Queen's University, Kingston, ON, Canada
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10
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Herrera-Vargas AK, García-Rodríguez E, Olea-Flores M, Mendoza-Catalán MA, Flores-Alfaro E, Navarro-Tito N. Pro-angiogenic activity and vasculogenic mimicry in the tumor microenvironment by leptin in cancer. Cytokine Growth Factor Rev 2021; 62:23-41. [PMID: 34736827 DOI: 10.1016/j.cytogfr.2021.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2021] [Revised: 10/18/2021] [Accepted: 10/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The acquired ability to induce the formation of a functional vasculature is a hallmark of cancer. Blood vessels in tumors are formed through various mechanisms, among the most important in cancer biology, angiogenesis, and vasculogenic mimicry have been described. Leptin is one of the main adipokines secreted by adipocytes in normal breast tissue and the tumor microenvironment. Here, we provide information on the relationship between leptin and the development of angiogenesis and vasculogenic mimicry in different types of cancer. Here, we report that leptin activates different pathways such as JAK-STAT3, MAPK/ERK, PKC, JNK, p38, and PI3K-Akt to induce the expression of various angiogenic factors and vasculogenic mimicry. In vivo models, leptin induces blood vessel formation through the PI3K-Akt-mTOR pathway. Interestingly, the relationship between leptin and vasculogenic mimicry was more significant in breast cancer. The information obtained suggests that leptin could be playing an essential role in tumor survival and metastasis through the induction of vascular mechanisms such as angiogenesis and vasculogenic mimicry; thus, leptin-induced pathways could be suggested as a promising therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana K Herrera-Vargas
- Laboratorio de Biología Celular del Cáncer, Facultad de Ciencias Químico Biológicas, Universidad Autónoma de Guerrero, Av. Lázaro Cárdenas s/n, Chilpancingo, GRO 39090, Mexico.
| | - Eduardo García-Rodríguez
- Laboratorio de Biología Celular del Cáncer, Facultad de Ciencias Químico Biológicas, Universidad Autónoma de Guerrero, Av. Lázaro Cárdenas s/n, Chilpancingo, GRO 39090, Mexico.
| | - Monserrat Olea-Flores
- Laboratorio de Biología Celular del Cáncer, Facultad de Ciencias Químico Biológicas, Universidad Autónoma de Guerrero, Av. Lázaro Cárdenas s/n, Chilpancingo, GRO 39090, Mexico.
| | - Miguel A Mendoza-Catalán
- Laboratorio de Biomedicina Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias Químico Biológicas, Universidad Autónoma de Guerrero, Chilpancingo, GRO, 39090, Mexico.
| | - Eugenia Flores-Alfaro
- Laboratorio de Epidemiología Clínica y Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias Químico-Biológicas, Universidad Autónoma de Guerrero, Chilpancingo, GRO 39087, Mexico.
| | - Napoleón Navarro-Tito
- Laboratorio de Biología Celular del Cáncer, Facultad de Ciencias Químico Biológicas, Universidad Autónoma de Guerrero, Av. Lázaro Cárdenas s/n, Chilpancingo, GRO 39090, Mexico.
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11
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El-Adl K, Ibrahim MK, Khedr F, Abulkhair HS, Eissa IH. Design, synthesis, docking, and anticancer evaluations of phthalazines as VEGFR-2 inhibitors. Arch Pharm (Weinheim) 2021; 355:e2100278. [PMID: 34596910 DOI: 10.1002/ardp.202100278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2021] [Revised: 08/27/2021] [Accepted: 09/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Twenty new N-substituted-4-phenylphthalazin-1-amine derivatives were designed, synthesized, and evaluated for their anticancer activities against HepG2, HCT-116, and MCF-7 cells as VEGFR-2 inhibitors. HCT-116 was the most sensitive cell line to the influence of the new derivatives. In particular, compound 7f was found to be the most potent derivative among all the tested compounds against the three cancer cell lines, with 50% inhibition concentration, IC50 = 3.97, 4.83, and 4.58 µM, respectively, which is more potent than both sorafenib (IC50 = 9.18, 5.47, and 7.26 µM, respectively) and doxorubicin (IC50 = 7.94, 8.07, and 6.75 µM, respectively). Fifteen of the synthesized derivatives were selected to evaluate their inhibitory activities against VEGFR-2. Compound 7f was found to be the most potent derivative that inhibited VEGFR-2 at an IC50 value of 0.08 µM, which is more potent than sorafenib (IC50 = 0.10 µM). Compound 8c inhibited VEGFR-2 at an IC50 value of 0.10 µM, which is equipotent to sorafenib. Moreover, compound 7a showed very good activity with IC50 values of 0.11 µM, which is nearly equipotent to sorafenib. In addition, compounds 7d, 7c, and 7g possessed very good VEGFR-2-inhibitory activity, with IC50 values of 0.14, 0.17, and 0.23 µM, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khaled El-Adl
- Department of Pharmaceutical Medicinal Chemistry and Drug Design, Faculty of Pharmacy (Boys), Al-Azhar University, Nasr City, Cairo, Egypt.,Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Heliopolis University for Sustainable Development, El Salam City, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Mohamed K Ibrahim
- Department of Pharmaceutical Medicinal Chemistry and Drug Design, Faculty of Pharmacy (Boys), Al-Azhar University, Nasr City, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Fathalla Khedr
- Department of Pharmaceutical Medicinal Chemistry and Drug Design, Faculty of Pharmacy (Boys), Al-Azhar University, Nasr City, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Hamada S Abulkhair
- Department of Pharmaceutical Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Azhar University, Nasr City, Cairo, Egypt.,Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Horus University, New Damietta, Egypt
| | - Ibrahim H Eissa
- Department of Pharmaceutical Medicinal Chemistry and Drug Design, Faculty of Pharmacy (Boys), Al-Azhar University, Nasr City, Cairo, Egypt
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12
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Khedr F, Ibrahim MK, Eissa IH, Abulkhair HS, El-Adl K. Phthalazine-based VEGFR-2 inhibitors: Rationale, design, synthesis, in silico, ADMET profile, docking, and anticancer evaluations. Arch Pharm (Weinheim) 2021; 354:e2100201. [PMID: 34411344 DOI: 10.1002/ardp.202100201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2021] [Revised: 07/28/2021] [Accepted: 07/30/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
In the designed compounds, a new linker was inserted in the form of fragments with verified VEGFR-2 inhibitory potential, including an α,β-unsaturated ketonic fragment, pyrazole, and pyrimidine. Also, new distal hydrophobic moieties were attached to these linkers that are expected to increase the hydrophobic interaction with VEGFR-2 and, consequently, the affinity. These structural optimizations have led us to identify the novel dihydropyrazole derivative 6e as a promising hit molecule. All the new derivatives were evaluated to assess their anticancer activity against three human cancer cell lines, including HepG2, HCT-116, and MCF-7. The results of the in vitro anticancer evaluation study revealed the moderate to excellent cytotoxicity of 6c , 6e , 6g , and 7b , with IC50 values in the low micromolar range. The inhibitory activity of VEGFR-2 was investigated for 16 of the designed compounds. The enzyme assay results of the new compounds were compared with those of sorafenib as a reference VEGFR-2 inhibitor. The obtained results demonstrated that our derivatives are potent VEGFR-2 inhibitors. The most potent derivatives 6c , 6e , 6g , and 7b showed IC50 values in the range of 0.11-0.22 µM. Molecular docking and pharmacokinetic studies were also conducted to rationalize the VEGFR-2 inhibitory activity and to evaluate the ability of the most potent derivatives to be developed as good drug candidates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fathalla Khedr
- Pharmaceutical Medicinal Chemistry and Drug Design Department, Faculty of Pharmacy (Boys), Al-Azhar University, Nasr City, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Mohamed-Kamal Ibrahim
- Pharmaceutical Medicinal Chemistry and Drug Design Department, Faculty of Pharmacy (Boys), Al-Azhar University, Nasr City, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Ibrahim H Eissa
- Pharmaceutical Medicinal Chemistry and Drug Design Department, Faculty of Pharmacy (Boys), Al-Azhar University, Nasr City, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Hamada S Abulkhair
- Pharmaceutical Organic Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Azhar University, Nasr City, Cairo, Egypt.,Pharmaceutical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Horus University-Egypt, New Damietta, Egypt
| | - Khaled El-Adl
- Pharmaceutical Medicinal Chemistry and Drug Design Department, Faculty of Pharmacy (Boys), Al-Azhar University, Nasr City, Cairo, Egypt.,Pharmaceutical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Heliopolis University for Sustainable Development, Cairo, Egypt
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13
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VEGFR-Mediated Cytotoxic Activity of Pulicaria undulata Isolated Metabolites: A Biological Evaluation and In Silico Study. Life (Basel) 2021; 11:life11080759. [PMID: 34440504 PMCID: PMC8398779 DOI: 10.3390/life11080759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2021] [Revised: 07/24/2021] [Accepted: 07/27/2021] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Natural products play a remarkable role not only in the synthesis, design, and discovery of new drugs but also as the most prominent source of drugs and bioactive substances. Adding to the search for new sources of safe innovative antitumor drugs, here we reported a phytochemical study on Pulicaria undulata which revealed promising antiangiogenic agents. Six compounds were isolated and identified as xanthoxyline (1), stigmasterol (2), oleanolic acid (3), salvigenin (4), rhamnetin (5) and dihydroquercetin-4′-methyl ether (6) using nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopic techniques. Compound 3 and 4 are first reported in Pulicaria genus. Both the extract and isolated compounds were evaluated for in vitro antiproliferative activity against breast cancer cell line (MCF-7). In vivo antiproliferative activity against Ehrlich’s ascites carcinoma (EAC) were also assessed. The P. undulata extract and isolates showed significant reduction in tumor weight, decreased both serum vascular endothelial growth factor B (VEGF-B) levels and vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2 (VEGFR-2) expression significantly compared to the control EAC group, suggesting an antiangiogenic activity through the inhibition of VEGF signaling. Besides, they displayed reduction in CD34 expression, confirming their antiangiogenic effect. Moreover, the potential affinity of isolated compounds to human estrogen nuclear receptor-alpha (hER-α), the most recognized modulator of VEGFR-2 expression, was virtually estimated through molecular modeling studies. The most promising activity profiles were assigned to the investigated flavonoids, compounds 4–6, as well as the alkyl-phenylketone, compound 1. Additionally, these four top active compounds showed respective high to intermediate docking scores while possessing preferential binding with hER-α critical pocket residues. Based on the provided data, these isolated compounds illustrated promising inhibitors of VEGF-stimulated angiogenesis, which could be a possible mechanism for their anticancer activity.
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14
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Saleh NM, Abdel-Rahman AAH, Omar AM, Khalifa MM, El-Adl K. Pyridine-derived VEGFR-2 inhibitors: Rational design, synthesis, anticancer evaluations, in silico ADMET profile, and molecular docking. Arch Pharm (Weinheim) 2021; 354:e2100085. [PMID: 33948983 DOI: 10.1002/ardp.202100085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2021] [Revised: 04/02/2021] [Accepted: 04/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Novel pyridine-derived compounds (5-19) were designed and synthesized, and their anticancer activities were evaluated against HepG2 and MCF-7 cells, targeting the VEGFR-2 enzyme. Compounds 10, 9, 8, and 15 were found to be the most potent derivatives against the two cancer cell lines, HepG2 and MCF-7, respectively, with IC50 = 4.25 and 6.08 µM, 4.68 and 11.06 µM, 4.34 and 10.29 µM, and 6.37 and 12.83 µM. Compound 10 displayed higher activity against HepG2 cells than sorafenib (IC50 = 9.18 and 5.47 µM, respectively) and doxorubicin (IC50 = 7.94 and 8.07 µM, respectively). It also showed higher activity than doxorubicin against MCF-7 cells, but lower activity than sorafenib. Compounds 9, 8, and 15 displayed higher activities than sorafenib and doxorubicin against HepG2 cells but exhibited lower activities against MCF-7 cells. Compound 10 potently inhibited VEGFR-2 at an IC50 value of 0.12 µM, which is nearly equipotent to sorafenib (IC50 = 0.10 µM). Compounds 8 and 9 exhibited very good activity with the same IC50 value of 0.13 µM. The six most potent derivatives, 6, 9, 8, 10, 15, and 18, were tested for their cytotoxicity against normal Vero cells. Compounds 6, 8, 9, 10, 15, and 18 are, respectively, 1.13, 3.74, 4.18, 3.64, 2.81, and 2.00 times more toxic to HepG2 and 2.06, 1.58, 1.76, 2.54, 1.40, and 2.69 times more toxic to MCF-7 breast cancer cells than in normal Vero cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nashwa M Saleh
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Al-Azhar University (Girls Branch), Cairo, Egypt
| | - Adel A-H Abdel-Rahman
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Menoufia University, Shebin El-Koam, Egypt
| | - Asmaa M Omar
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Menoufia University, Shebin El-Koam, Egypt
| | - Mohamed M Khalifa
- Department of Pharmaceutical Medicinal Chemistry and Drug Design, Faculty of Pharmacy (Boys), Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Khaled El-Adl
- Department of Pharmaceutical Medicinal Chemistry and Drug Design, Faculty of Pharmacy (Boys), Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt.,Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Heliopolis University for Sustainable Development, Cairo, Egypt
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15
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El-Adl K, Sakr H, El-Hddad SSA, El-Helby AGA, Nasser M, Abulkhair HS. Design, synthesis, docking, ADMET profile, and anticancer evaluations of novel thiazolidine-2,4-dione derivatives as VEGFR-2 inhibitors. Arch Pharm (Weinheim) 2021; 354:e2000491. [PMID: 33788290 DOI: 10.1002/ardp.202000491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2020] [Revised: 02/23/2021] [Accepted: 02/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The anticancer activity of novel thiazolidine-2,4-diones was evaluated against HepG2, HCT-116, and MCF-7 cells. Among the tested cancer cell lines, HCT-116 was the most sensitive one to the cytotoxic effect of the new derivatives. In particular, compounds 18, 11, and 10 were found to be the most potent derivatives among all the tested compounds against the HepG2, HCT-116, and MCF-7 cancer cell lines, with IC50 values ranging from 38.76 to 53.99 µM. The most active antiproliferative derivatives (7-14 and 15-19) were subjected to further biological studies to evaluate their inhibitory potentials against VEGFR-2. The tested compounds displayed a good-to-medium inhibitory activity, with IC50 values ranging from 0.26 to 0.72 µM. Among them, compounds 18, 11, and 10 potently inhibited VEGFR-2 at IC50 values in the range of 0.26-0.29 µM, which are nearly three times that of the sorafenib IC50 value (0.10 µM). Although our derivatives showed lower activities than the reference drug, they could be useful as a template for future design, optimization, adaptation, and investigation to produce more potent and selective VEGFR-2 inhibitors with higher anticancer analogs. The ADMET profile showed that compounds 18, 11, and 10 do not violate any of Lipinski's rules and have a comparable intestinal absorptivity in humans. Also, the new derivatives could not inhibit cytochrome P3A4. Unlike sorafenib and doxorubicin, compounds 18, 11, and 10 are expected to have prolonged dosing intervals. Moreover, compounds 10 and 18 displayed a wide therapeutic index and higher selectivity against cancer cells as compared with their cytotoxicity against normal cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khaled El-Adl
- Pharmaceutical Medicinal Chemistry and Drug Design Department, Faculty of Pharmacy (Boys), Al-Azhar University, Nasr City, Cairo, Egypt.,Pharmaceutical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Heliopolis University for Sustainable Development, El-Salam City, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Helmy Sakr
- Pharmaceutical Medicinal Chemistry and Drug Design Department, Faculty of Pharmacy (Boys), Al-Azhar University, Nasr City, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Sanadelaslam S A El-Hddad
- Pharmaceutical Medicinal Chemistry and Drug Design Department, Faculty of Pharmacy (Boys), Al-Azhar University, Nasr City, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Abdel-Ghany A El-Helby
- Pharmaceutical Medicinal Chemistry and Drug Design Department, Faculty of Pharmacy (Boys), Al-Azhar University, Nasr City, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Mohamed Nasser
- Pharmaceutical Medicinal Chemistry and Drug Design Department, Faculty of Pharmacy (Boys), Al-Azhar University, Nasr City, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Hamada S Abulkhair
- Pharmaceutical Organic Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy (Boys), Al-Azhar University, Nasr City, Cairo, Egypt.,Pharmaceutical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Horus University, New Damietta, Egypt
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16
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Dronova TA, Babyshkina NN, Zavyalova MV, Slonimskaya EM, Cherdyntseva NV. Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Receptor 2 (VEGFR2) Contributes to Tamoxifen Resistance in Estrogen-Positive Breast Cancer Patients. Mol Biol 2021. [DOI: 10.1134/s0026893321010052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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17
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El-Adl K, Ibrahim MK, Khedr F, Abulkhair HS, Eissa IH. N-Substituted-4-phenylphthalazin-1-amine-derived VEGFR-2 inhibitors: Design, synthesis, molecular docking, and anticancer evaluation studies. Arch Pharm (Weinheim) 2020; 354:e2000219. [PMID: 33197080 DOI: 10.1002/ardp.202000219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2020] [Revised: 09/04/2020] [Accepted: 10/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
In accordance with the significant impetus of the discovery of potent vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2 (VEGFR-2) inhibitors, herein, we report the design, synthesis, and anticancer evaluation of 12 new N-substituted-4-phenylphthalazin-1-amine derivatives against HepG2, HCT-116, and MCF-7 cells as VEGFR-2 inhibitors. The results of the cytotoxicity investigation indicated that HCT-116 and MCF-7 were the most sensitive cell lines to the influence of the newly synthesized derivatives. In particular, compound 7a was found to be the most potent derivative among all the tested compounds against the three cancer cell lines, HepG2, HCT116, and MCF-7, with IC50 = 13.67 ± 1.2, 5.48 ± 0.4, and 7.34 ± 0.6 µM, respectively, which is nearly equipotent to that of sorafenib (IC50 = 9.18 ± 0.6, 5.47 ± 0.3, and 7.26 ± 0.3 µM, respectively). All synthesized derivatives, 4a,b-8a-c, were evaluated for their inhibitory activities against VEGFR-2. The tested compounds displayed high to low inhibitory activity, with IC50 values ranging from 0.14 ± 0.02 to 9.54 ± 0.85 µM. Among them, compound 7a was found to be the most potent derivative that inhibited VEGFR-2 at an IC50 value of 0.14 ± 0.02 µM, which is nearly 72% of that of the sorafenib IC50 value (0.10 ± 0.02 µM). Compounds 7b, 8c, 8b, and 8a exhibited very good activity with IC50 values of 0.18 ± 0.02, 0.21 ± 0.03, 0.24 ± 0.02, and 0.35 ± 0.04 µM, respectively. Molecular modeling studies were carried out for all compounds against the VEGFR-2 active site. The data obtained from biological testing highly correlated with that obtained from molecular modeling studies. However, these modifications led to new phthalazine derivatives with higher VEGFR-2 inhibitory activities than vatalanib and which are nearly equipotent to sorafenib.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khaled El-Adl
- Pharmaceutical Medicinal Chemistry and Drug Design Department, Faculty of Pharmacy (Boys), Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt.,Pharmaceutical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Heliopolis University for Sustainable Development, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Mohamed-Kamal Ibrahim
- Pharmaceutical Medicinal Chemistry and Drug Design Department, Faculty of Pharmacy (Boys), Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Fathalla Khedr
- Pharmaceutical Medicinal Chemistry and Drug Design Department, Faculty of Pharmacy (Boys), Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Hamada S Abulkhair
- Pharmaceutical Organic Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt.,Pharmaceutical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Horus University, New Damietta, Egypt
| | - Ibrahim H Eissa
- Pharmaceutical Medicinal Chemistry and Drug Design Department, Faculty of Pharmacy (Boys), Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt
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18
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El-Adl K, El-Helby AGA, Ayyad RR, Mahdy HA, Khalifa MM, Elnagar HA, Mehany ABM, Metwaly AM, Elhendawy MA, Radwan MM, ElSohly MA, Eissa IH. Design, synthesis, and anti-proliferative evaluation of new quinazolin-4(3H)-ones as potential VEGFR-2 inhibitors. Bioorg Med Chem 2020; 29:115872. [PMID: 33214036 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2020.115872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2020] [Revised: 11/03/2020] [Accepted: 11/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Inhibiting VEGFR-2 has been set up as a therapeutic strategy for treatment of cancer. Thus, nineteen new quinazoline-4(3H)-one derivatives were designed and synthesized. Preliminary cytotoxicity studies of the synthesized compounds were evaluated against three human cancer cell lines (HepG-2, MCF-7 and HCT-116) using MTT assay method. Doxorubicin and sorafenib were used as positive controls. Five compounds were found to have promising cytotoxic activities against all cell lines. Compound 16f, containing a 2-chloro-5-nitrophenyl group, has emerged as the most active member. It was approximately 4.39-, 5.73- and 1.96-fold more active than doxorubicin and 3.88-, 5.59- and 1.84-fold more active than sorafenib against HepG2, HCT-116 and MCF-7 cells, respectively. The most active cytotoxic agents were further evaluated in vitro for their VEGFR-2 inhibitory activities. The results of in vitro VEGFR-2 inhibition were consistent with that of the cytotoxicity data. Molecular docking of these compounds into the kinase domain, moreover, supported the results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khaled El-Adl
- Pharmaceutical Medicinal Chemistry & Drug Design Department, Faculty of Pharmacy (Boys), Al-Azhar University, Cairo 11884, Egypt; Pharmaceutical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Heliopolis University for Sustainable Development, Cairo, Egypt.
| | - Abdel-Ghany A El-Helby
- Pharmaceutical Medicinal Chemistry & Drug Design Department, Faculty of Pharmacy (Boys), Al-Azhar University, Cairo 11884, Egypt
| | - Rezk R Ayyad
- Pharmaceutical Medicinal Chemistry & Drug Design Department, Faculty of Pharmacy (Boys), Al-Azhar University, Cairo 11884, Egypt
| | - Hazem A Mahdy
- Pharmaceutical Medicinal Chemistry & Drug Design Department, Faculty of Pharmacy (Boys), Al-Azhar University, Cairo 11884, Egypt
| | - Mohamed M Khalifa
- Pharmaceutical Medicinal Chemistry & Drug Design Department, Faculty of Pharmacy (Boys), Al-Azhar University, Cairo 11884, Egypt
| | - Hamdy A Elnagar
- Pharmaceutical Medicinal Chemistry & Drug Design Department, Faculty of Pharmacy (Boys), Al-Azhar University, Cairo 11884, Egypt
| | - Ahmed B M Mehany
- Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Al-Azhar University, Cairo 11884, Egypt
| | - Ahmed M Metwaly
- Pharmacognosy Department, Faculty of Pharmacy (Boys), Al-Azhar University, Cairo 11884, Egypt
| | - Mostafa A Elhendawy
- Department of Agriculture Chemistry, Faculty of Agriculture, Damietta University, Damietta, Egypt; National Center for Natural Products Research, University of Mississippi, MS 38677, USA
| | - Mohamed M Radwan
- National Center for Natural Products Research, University of Mississippi, MS 38677, USA; Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Mahmoud A ElSohly
- National Center for Natural Products Research, University of Mississippi, MS 38677, USA; Department of Pharmaceutics and Drug Delivery, University of Mississippi, University, MS 38677, USA
| | - Ibrahim H Eissa
- Pharmaceutical Medicinal Chemistry & Drug Design Department, Faculty of Pharmacy (Boys), Al-Azhar University, Cairo 11884, Egypt.
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19
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Ntellas P, Mavroeidis L, Gkoura S, Gazouli I, Amylidi AL, Papadaki A, Zarkavelis G, Mauri D, Karpathiou G, Kolettas E, Batistatou A, Pentheroudakis G. Old Player-New Tricks: Non Angiogenic Effects of the VEGF/VEGFR Pathway in Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:E3145. [PMID: 33121034 PMCID: PMC7692709 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12113145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2020] [Revised: 10/21/2020] [Accepted: 10/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Angiogenesis has long been considered to facilitate and sustain cancer growth, making the introduction of anti-angiogenic agents that disrupt the vascular endothelial growth factor/receptor (VEGF/VEGFR) pathway an important milestone at the beginning of the 21st century. Originally research on VEGF signaling focused on its survival and mitogenic effects towards endothelial cells, with moderate so far success of anti-angiogenic therapy. However, VEGF can have multiple effects on additional cell types including immune and tumor cells, by directly influencing and promoting tumor cell survival, proliferation and invasion and contributing to an immunosuppressive microenvironment. In this review, we summarize the effects of the VEGF/VEGFR pathway on non-endothelial cells and the resulting implications of anti-angiogenic agents that include direct inhibition of tumor cell growth and immunostimulatory functions. Finally, we present how previously unappreciated studies on VEGF biology, that have demonstrated immunomodulatory properties and tumor regression by disrupting the VEGF/VEGFR pathway, now provide the scientific basis for new combinational treatments of immunotherapy with anti-angiogenic agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Panagiotis Ntellas
- Department of Medical Oncology, University Hospital of Ioannina, 45500 Ioannina, Greece; (P.N.); (L.M.); (S.G.); (I.G.); (A.-L.A.); (A.P.); (G.Z.); (D.M.)
- Society for Study of Clonal Heterogeneity of Neoplasia (EMEKEN), 45445 Ioannina, Greece
| | - Leonidas Mavroeidis
- Department of Medical Oncology, University Hospital of Ioannina, 45500 Ioannina, Greece; (P.N.); (L.M.); (S.G.); (I.G.); (A.-L.A.); (A.P.); (G.Z.); (D.M.)
- Society for Study of Clonal Heterogeneity of Neoplasia (EMEKEN), 45445 Ioannina, Greece
| | - Stefania Gkoura
- Department of Medical Oncology, University Hospital of Ioannina, 45500 Ioannina, Greece; (P.N.); (L.M.); (S.G.); (I.G.); (A.-L.A.); (A.P.); (G.Z.); (D.M.)
- Society for Study of Clonal Heterogeneity of Neoplasia (EMEKEN), 45445 Ioannina, Greece
| | - Ioanna Gazouli
- Department of Medical Oncology, University Hospital of Ioannina, 45500 Ioannina, Greece; (P.N.); (L.M.); (S.G.); (I.G.); (A.-L.A.); (A.P.); (G.Z.); (D.M.)
- Society for Study of Clonal Heterogeneity of Neoplasia (EMEKEN), 45445 Ioannina, Greece
| | - Anna-Lea Amylidi
- Department of Medical Oncology, University Hospital of Ioannina, 45500 Ioannina, Greece; (P.N.); (L.M.); (S.G.); (I.G.); (A.-L.A.); (A.P.); (G.Z.); (D.M.)
- Society for Study of Clonal Heterogeneity of Neoplasia (EMEKEN), 45445 Ioannina, Greece
| | - Alexandra Papadaki
- Department of Medical Oncology, University Hospital of Ioannina, 45500 Ioannina, Greece; (P.N.); (L.M.); (S.G.); (I.G.); (A.-L.A.); (A.P.); (G.Z.); (D.M.)
- Society for Study of Clonal Heterogeneity of Neoplasia (EMEKEN), 45445 Ioannina, Greece
| | - George Zarkavelis
- Department of Medical Oncology, University Hospital of Ioannina, 45500 Ioannina, Greece; (P.N.); (L.M.); (S.G.); (I.G.); (A.-L.A.); (A.P.); (G.Z.); (D.M.)
- Society for Study of Clonal Heterogeneity of Neoplasia (EMEKEN), 45445 Ioannina, Greece
| | - Davide Mauri
- Department of Medical Oncology, University Hospital of Ioannina, 45500 Ioannina, Greece; (P.N.); (L.M.); (S.G.); (I.G.); (A.-L.A.); (A.P.); (G.Z.); (D.M.)
- Society for Study of Clonal Heterogeneity of Neoplasia (EMEKEN), 45445 Ioannina, Greece
| | - Georgia Karpathiou
- Department of Pathology, University Hospital of St-Etienne, 42055 Saint Etienne, France;
| | - Evangelos Kolettas
- Laboratory of Biology, School of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Ioannina, 45110 Ioannina, Greece;
- Biomedical Research Division, Institute of Molecular Biology & Biotechnology, Foundation for Research & Technology, 45115 Ioannina, Greece
| | - Anna Batistatou
- Department of Pathology, University Hospital of Ioannina, 45500 Ioannina, Greece;
| | - George Pentheroudakis
- Department of Medical Oncology, University Hospital of Ioannina, 45500 Ioannina, Greece; (P.N.); (L.M.); (S.G.); (I.G.); (A.-L.A.); (A.P.); (G.Z.); (D.M.)
- Society for Study of Clonal Heterogeneity of Neoplasia (EMEKEN), 45445 Ioannina, Greece
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20
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Zhang L, Niu X, Bi Y, Cui H, Li H, Cheng X. Potential Role of Targeting KDR and Proteasome Inhibitors in the Therapy of Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma. Technol Cancer Res Treat 2020; 19:1533033820948060. [PMID: 32924793 PMCID: PMC7493273 DOI: 10.1177/1533033820948060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) is one of the most aggressive cancer types in China. In recent years, progress has been made in various types of cancer genomics including ESCC. However, the clinical significance of genomic variation of ESCC remains poorly defined. In the present study, genomic sequencing data from 469 ESCC cases were analyzed and potential therapeutic targets in the Druggable Genome Interaction Database (DGIdb) were screened. A series of potential therapeutic target genes and pathways were identified, of which treatment of ESCC with bortezomib (a specific inhibitor targeting proteasome) potently inhibited the proliferation of 5 ESCC cell lines and administration of bortezomib led to significant tumor xenograft regression in SCID mice. It was also identified that kinase insert domain receptor (KDR), which had drug recommendations from all 6 sources integrated by the DGldb and harbored significant amplification in ESCC, might be a downstream target of zinc finger protein 750 (ZNF750). ZNF750 acts as a transcription factor and has been demonstrated to harbor frequently inactivating mutations in ESCC by previous independent studies. In the present study, KDR was upregulated upon ZNF750 knockdown and the rescue of ZNF750 also led to marked restoration of KDR. KDR knockdown in stable ZNF750-knockdown KYSE150 and KYSE140 ESCC cells significantly attenuated the promotion of cell growth, colony formation, invasion and migration induced by ZNF750 knockdown. Further experiments found that apatinib treatment, a potent inhibitor of KDR, resulted in profound inhibition of cell proliferation and invasion. Collectively, the present study provided insight for genomic alterations as potential therapeutic targets in ESCC and supported the possibility of a therapeutic strategy targeting the proteasome in ESCC. The present results also suggested that targeting KDR may be an effective way to treat ESCC, not only in KDR variant cases, but also in individuals with ZNF750 mutations and deletions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling Zhang
- Department of Pathology, 74648Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, People's Republic of China.,Translational Medicine Research Center, 74648Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Xia Niu
- Department of Pathology, 74648Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, People's Republic of China.,Translational Medicine Research Center, 74648Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Yanghui Bi
- Translational Medicine Research Center, 74648Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Heyang Cui
- Translational Medicine Research Center, 74648Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Hongyi Li
- Translational Medicine Research Center, 74648Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaolong Cheng
- Translational Medicine Research Center, 74648Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, People's Republic of China.,Department of Anatomy, 74648Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, People's Republic of China
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21
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The Role of Rho GTPases in VEGF Signaling in Cancer Cells. Anal Cell Pathol (Amst) 2020; 2020:2097214. [PMID: 32377503 PMCID: PMC7182966 DOI: 10.1155/2020/2097214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2019] [Revised: 04/07/2020] [Accepted: 04/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Vascular endothelial growth factors (VEGFs) consist of five molecules (VEGFA through D as well as placental growth factor) which are crucial for regulating key cellular and tissue functions. The role of VEGF and its intracellular signaling and downstream molecular pathways have been thoroughly studied. Activation of VEGF signal transduction can be initiated by the molecules' binding to two classes of transmembrane receptors: (1) the VEGF tyrosine kinase receptors (VEGF receptors 1 through 3) and (2) the neuropilins (NRP1 and 2). The involvement of Rho GTPases in modulating VEGFA signaling in both cancer cells and endothelial cells has also been well established. Additionally, different isoforms of Rho GTPases, namely, RhoA, RhoC, and RhoG, have been shown to regulate VEGF expression as well as blood vessel formation. This review article will explore how Rho GTPases modulate VEGF signaling and the consequences of such interaction on cancer progression.
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22
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Targeting MAPK Signaling in Cancer: Mechanisms of Drug Resistance and Sensitivity. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21031102. [PMID: 32046099 PMCID: PMC7037308 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21031102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 371] [Impact Index Per Article: 92.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2020] [Revised: 02/04/2020] [Accepted: 02/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathways represent ubiquitous signal transduction pathways that regulate all aspects of life and are frequently altered in disease. Here, we focus on the role of MAPK pathways in modulating drug sensitivity and resistance in cancer. We briefly discuss new findings in the extracellular signaling-regulated kinase (ERK) pathway, but mainly focus on the mechanisms how stress activated MAPK pathways, such as p38 MAPK and the Jun N-terminal kinases (JNK), impact the response of cancer cells to chemotherapies and targeted therapies. In this context, we also discuss the role of metabolic and epigenetic aberrations and new therapeutic opportunities arising from these changes.
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Ibrahim AB, Zaki HF, Wadie W, Omran MM, Shouman SA. Simvastatin Evokes An Unpredicted Antagonism For Tamoxifen In MCF-7 Breast Cancer Cells. Cancer Manag Res 2019; 11:10011-10028. [PMID: 31819634 PMCID: PMC6886548 DOI: 10.2147/cmar.s218668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2019] [Accepted: 10/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose Tamoxifen (TAM) is a non-steroidal antiestrogen drug, used in the prevention and treatment of all stages of hormone-responsive breast cancer. Simvastatin (SIM) is a lipid-lowering agent and has been shown to inhibit cancer cell growth. The study aimed to investigate the effect of the combination of TAM and SIM in the treatment of estrogen receptor positive (ER+) breast cancer cell line, MCF-7, and in mice-bearing Ehrlich solid tumors. Methods MCF-7 cells were treated with different concentrations of TAM or/and SIM for 72 hours and the effects of the combination treatment on cytotoxicity, oxidative stress markers, apoptosis, angiogenesis, and metastasis were investigated using different techniques. In addition, tumor volume, oxidative markers, and inflammatory markers of the combined therapy were explored in mice bearing solid EAC tumors. Results The results showed that treatment of MCF-7 cells with the combination of 10 µM TAM, and 2 µM SIM significantly inhibited the increase in oxidative stress markers, LDH, and NF-kB induced by TAM. In addition, there was a significant decrease in the total apoptotic ratio, caspase-3 activity, and glucose uptake, while there was a non-significant change in Bax/bcl-2 ratio compared to the TAM-treated group. Using the isobologram equation, the drug interaction was antagonistic with combination index, CI=1.18. On the other hand, the combination regimen decreased VEGF, and matrix metalloproteinases, MMP 2&9 compared to TAM-treated cells. Additionally, in vivo, the combination regimen resulted in a non-significant decrease in the tumor volume, decreased oxidative markers, and the protein expression of TNF-α, and NF-κB compared to the TAM treated group. Conclusion Although the combination regimen of TAM and SIM showed an antagonistic drug interaction in MCF-7 breast cancer, it displayed favorable antiangiogenic, anti-metastatic, and anti-inflammatory effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amel B Ibrahim
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Zawia University, Zawiya, Libya
| | - Hala F Zaki
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Walaa Wadie
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Mervat M Omran
- Department of Cancer Biology, Pharmacology Unit, National Cancer Institute, Cairo University, Cairo 11796, Egypt
| | - Samia A Shouman
- Department of Cancer Biology, Pharmacology Unit, National Cancer Institute, Cairo University, Cairo 11796, Egypt
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Sakunrangsit N, Ketchart W. Plumbagin inhibits cancer stem-like cells, angiogenesis and suppresses cell proliferation and invasion by targeting Wnt/β-catenin pathway in endocrine resistant breast cancer. Pharmacol Res 2019; 150:104517. [PMID: 31693936 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2019.104517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2018] [Revised: 10/02/2019] [Accepted: 10/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Fifty percent of advanced stage ER-positive breast cancer patients develop endocrine resistance. Aberrant activation of Wnt/β-catenin is associated with stem-like phenotypes and epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) process which confers resistance to endocrine therapy. Cancer stem-like cells (CSLCs) can be a vital source of proangiogenic factors including fibroblast growth factor 2 (FGF2) which drives angiogenesis and leads to tumor growth and metastasis. Therefore, targeting Wnt and FGF2 may provide effective treatment for endocrine resistant breast cancer. Our previous in vitro study reported that plumbagin (PLB) was a potent anticancer agent and was able to inhibit EMT in endocrine-resistant cells. This study aimed to further investigate the inhibitory effects of PLB on cancer stem-like phenotypes, tumorigenicity and angiogenesis. The results demonstrated Wnt/β-catenin signaling was activated and was able to form mammospheres with increased cancer stem cell markers (ALDH1, NANOG, and OCT4) in endocrine-resistant cells. PLB significantly inhibited colony-forming, mammosphere formation and decreased cancer stem cell markers. The inhibitory effects of PLB on cell proliferation and invasion were mediated by Wnt signaling pathway. PLB also significantly reduced Wnt responsive genes and β-catenin. Moreover, PLB treatment at doses of 2 and 4 mg/kg/day inhibited tumor growth, angiogenesis and metastasis without any adverse effects on body weight and blood coagulation in orthotopic xenograft nude mice. In conclusion, PLB exerted anti-cancer activity and eliminated stem-like properties by attenuating Wnt/β-catenin signaling and FGF2 expression. These findings suggest that PLB could be a promising agent to treat endocrine resistant breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nithidol Sakunrangsit
- Overcoming Cancer Drug Resistance Research Unit, Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand
| | - Wannarasmi Ketchart
- Overcoming Cancer Drug Resistance Research Unit, Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand.
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Ibrahim AB, Zaki HF, Ibrahim WW, Omran MM, Shouman SA. Evaluation of tamoxifen and simvastatin as the combination therapy for the treatment of hormonal dependent breast cancer cells. Toxicol Rep 2019; 6:1114-1126. [PMID: 31788433 PMCID: PMC6880098 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxrep.2019.10.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2019] [Revised: 09/27/2019] [Accepted: 10/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Tamoxifen (TAM) is a nonsteroidal antiestrogen drug, used in the prevention and treatment of all stages of hormone-responsive breast cancer. Simvastatin (SIM), a lipid-lowering agent, has been shown to inhibit cancer cell growth. The study aimed at investigating the impact of using SIM with TAM in estrogen receptor-positive (ER+) breast cancer cell line, T47D, as well as in mice-bearing Ehrlich solid tumor. The cell line was treated with different concentrations of TAM or/and SIM for 72 h. The effects of treatment on cytotoxicity, oxidative stress markers, apoptosis, angiogenesis, and metastasis were investigated. Our results showed that the combination treatment decreased the oxidative stress markers, glucose uptake, VEGF, and MMP 2 &9 in the cell line compared to TAM- treated cells. Drug interaction of TAM and SIM was synergistic in T47D by increasing the apoptotic makers Bax/BCL-2 ratio and caspase 3 activity. Additionally, in vivo, the combination regimen resulted in a non-significant decrease in the tumor volume compared to TAM treated group. Moreover, the combined treatment decreased the protein expression of TNF-α, NF-kB compared to control. In conclusion, our results suggest that SIM may serve as a promising treatment with TAM for improving the efficacy against estrogen receptor-positive (ER+) breast cancer.
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Key Words
- Apoptosis
- Bax/Bcl-2, ratio Bcl-2-AssociatedXprotein/B-cell lymphoma 2 ratio
- Cytotoxicity
- EAC, ehrlich ascites carcinoma
- ER+, estrogen receptor-positive
- GSH, glutathione
- MDA, malondialdehyde
- MMP, 2&9 metalloproteinases-2and9
- NF-KB, nuclear factor kappa-B
- NOx, nitric oxide
- Oxidative stress
- SIM, simvastatin
- SOD, superoxide dismutase
- Simvastatin
- TAM, tamoxifen
- TNF-α, tumor necrosis factor α
- Tamoxifen
- VEGF, vascular endothelial growth factor
- Vascular endothelial growth factor
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Affiliation(s)
- Amel B. Ibrahim
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Zawia University, Libya
| | - Hala F. Zaki
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Egypt
| | - Walaa W. Ibrahim
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Egypt
| | - Mervat M. Omran
- Department of Cancer Biology Department, Pharmacology Unit, National Cancer Institute, Cairo University, Egypt
- Corresponding author.
| | - Samia A. Shouman
- Department of Cancer Biology Department, Pharmacology Unit, National Cancer Institute, Cairo University, Egypt
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Chen JX, Yi XJ, Gu PL, Gao SX. The role of KDR in intrauterine adhesions may involve the TGF-β1/Smads signaling pathway. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2019; 52:e8324. [PMID: 31596310 PMCID: PMC6787948 DOI: 10.1590/1414-431x20198324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2019] [Accepted: 08/30/2019] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate the role of kinase-insert domain-containing receptor (KDR) in intrauterine adhesions (IUA) and its mechanism. The Case group consisted of 92 patients diagnosed with IUA, and the Control group included 86 patients with uterine septum who had normal endometrium verified with an uteroscope. In addition, 50 rats were randomly assigned into Control, Sham, Model, NC-siRNA, and KDR-siRNA groups. Rats in the Model, NC-siRNA, and KDR-siRNA groups were induced by uterine curettage and lipopolysaccharide (LPS) treatment to establish the IUA model. Then, immunohistochemistry was applied for detection of VEGF and KDR expression, HE staining was used for observation of the endometrial morphology and gland counting, Masson staining for measurement of the degree of endometrial fibrosis, and qRT-PCR and western blot for the expression of KDR, VEGF, MMP-9, as well as TGF-β1/Smads pathway-related proteins. Compared with the Control group, the mRNA and protein expressions of KDR were significantly higher in IUA endometrial tissues, and the expression of KDR was positively correlated to the severity of IUA. In addition, the injection of si-KDR increased the number of endometrial glands, reduced the area of fibrosis, inhibited mRNA and protein expression of KDR and VEGF, up-regulated the expression of MMP-9 and Smad7, and decreased the expression level of TGF-β1, p-Smad2, p-Smad3, and Smad4 in rats with IUA. Highly-expressed KDR was related to patients' severity of IUA, and silencing KDR may prevent the occurrence and development of IUA via TGF-β1/Smads signaling pathway and up-regulating the expression of MMP-9.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Xia Chen
- Department of Reproductive Medicine, Linyi Central Hospital, Linyi City, Shandong, China
| | - Xi Juan Yi
- Department of Reproductive Medicine, Linyi Central Hospital, Linyi City, Shandong, China
| | - Pei Ling Gu
- Department of Reproductive Medicine, Linyi Central Hospital, Linyi City, Shandong, China
| | - Shan Xia Gao
- Department of Reproductive Medicine, Linyi Central Hospital, Linyi City, Shandong, China
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Momeny M, Alishahi Z, Eyvani H, Esmaeili F, Zaghal A, Ghaffari P, Tavakkoly-Bazzaz J, Alimoghaddam K, Ghavamzadeh A, Ghaffari SH. Anti-tumor activity of cediranib, a pan-vascular endothelial growth factor receptor inhibitor, in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma cells. Cell Oncol (Dordr) 2019; 43:81-93. [DOI: 10.1007/s13402-019-00473-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
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Chen L, Cheng X, Tu W, Qi Z, Li H, Liu F, Yang Y, Zhang Z, Wang Z. Apatinib inhibits glycolysis by suppressing the VEGFR2/AKT1/SOX5/GLUT4 signaling pathway in ovarian cancer cells. Cell Oncol (Dordr) 2019; 42:679-690. [PMID: 31325096 DOI: 10.1007/s13402-019-00455-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Apatinib is a tyrosine kinase inhibitor that targets vascular endothelial growth factor receptor-2 (VEGFR2), and has shown encouraging therapeutic effects in various malignant tumors. As yet, however, the role of apatinib in ovarian cancer has remained unknown. Here, we sought to elucidate the role of apatinib in the in vitro and in vivo viability and proliferation of ovarian cancer cells, as well as in glucose metabolism in these cells. METHODS The effects of apatinib on ovarian cancer cell viability and proliferation were assessed using Cell Counting Kit-8 (CCK-8) and colony formation assays, respectively. The expression of VEGFR2/AKT1/SOX5/GLUT4 pathway proteins was assessed using Western blotting, and glucose uptake and lactate production assays were used to detect glycolysis in ovarian cancer cells. SOX5 was exogenously over-expressed and silenced in ovarian cancer cells using expression vector and shRNA-based methods, respectively. RNA expression analyses were performed using RNA-seq and gene-chip-based methods. GLUT4 promoter activity was assessed using a dual-luciferase reporter assay. The expression of p-VEGFR2 (Tyr1175), p-AKT1 (Ser473), p-GSK3β (Ser9), SOX5 and GLUT4 in xenograft tissues was assessed using immunohistochemistry (IHC). RESULTS We found that apatinib inhibited the in vitro and in vivo viability and proliferation in Hey and OVCA433 ovarian cancer cells in a dose-dependent and time-dependent manner. We also found that apatinib effectively suppressed glucose uptake and lactate production by blocking the expression of GLUT4 in these cells. In addition, we found that SOX5 predominantly rescued the inhibitory effect of apatinib on GLUT4 expression by activating its promoter. Finally, we found that apatinib regulated the expression of SOX5 by suppressing the VEGFR2/AKT1/GSK3β signaling pathway. CONCLUSIONS From our results, we conclude that apatinib suppresses the in vitro and in vivo viability and proliferation of ovarian cancer cells, as well as glycolysis by inhibiting the VEGFR2/AKT1/GSK3β/SOX5/GLUT4 signaling pathway. Apatinib may serve as a promising drug for the treatment of ovarian cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lihua Chen
- Department of Gynecological Oncology and Department of Medical Oncology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, 270 Dong'an Road, Shanghai, 200032, China
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, 270 Dong'an Road, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Xi Cheng
- Department of Gynecological Oncology and Department of Medical Oncology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, 270 Dong'an Road, Shanghai, 200032, China
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, 270 Dong'an Road, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Wenzhi Tu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 201620, China
| | - Zihao Qi
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, 270 Dong'an Road, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Haoran Li
- Department of Gynecological Oncology and Department of Medical Oncology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, 270 Dong'an Road, Shanghai, 200032, China
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, 270 Dong'an Road, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Fei Liu
- Department of Gynecological Oncology and Department of Medical Oncology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, 270 Dong'an Road, Shanghai, 200032, China
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, 270 Dong'an Road, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Yufei Yang
- Department of Gynecological Oncology and Department of Medical Oncology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, 270 Dong'an Road, Shanghai, 200032, China
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, 270 Dong'an Road, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Zhe Zhang
- Department of Gynecological Oncology and Department of Medical Oncology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, 270 Dong'an Road, Shanghai, 200032, China.
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, 270 Dong'an Road, Shanghai, 200032, China.
| | - Ziliang Wang
- Department of Gynecological Oncology and Department of Medical Oncology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, 270 Dong'an Road, Shanghai, 200032, China.
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Xihua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 1665 Kongjiang Road, Shanghai, 200092, China.
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Li XD, Hong MN, Chen J, Lu YY, Ye MQ, Ma Y, Zhu DL, Gao PJ. Adventitial fibroblast-derived vascular endothelial growth factor promotes vasa vasorum-associated neointima formation and macrophage recruitment. Cardiovasc Res 2019; 116:708-720. [DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvz159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2019] [Revised: 04/10/2019] [Accepted: 06/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Aims
Adventitial vasa vasorum provides oxygen and nourishment to the vascular wall, but whether it regulates vascular disease remains unclear. We have previously shown that an increased expression of VEGF (vascular endothelial growth factor) is associated with macrophage infiltration. This study aims to determine whether adventitial fibroblast (AF)-derived VEGF increases the number of vasa vasorum contributing to neointima formation through macrophage recruitment.
Methods and results
In rat balloon injury model, vasa vasorum count was increased particularly in the adventitia accompanied by cell proliferation and VEGF expression. Both endogenous and PKH26-labelled exogenous macrophages were mainly distributed in adventitia around vasa vasorum. Interestingly, perivascular delivery of Ranibizumab preferentially concentrated in adventitia resulted in a decrease of neointima formation with concurrent reduction of vasa vasorum count and macrophage infiltration. AFs with adenovirus-mediated VEGF over-expression delivered to the adventitia significantly enhanced these pathological changes after injury. In Tie2-cre/Rosa-LoxP-RFP mice, endothelial cells were increased in the adventitia after wire injury. By using multiphoton laser scanning microscopy, macrophage rolling, adhesion and transmigration were observed in vasa vasorum. Moreover, adoptive transfer of macrophages accelerated injury-induced neointima formation. VEGF-neutralizing antibody administration also attenuated wire injury-induced neointima formation and macrophage infiltration. In primary cultured AFs, exogenous VEGF increased VEGF expression and secretion in a time- and dose-dependent manner. AF-conditioned medium promoted endothelial cell angiogenesis, vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 expression and macrophage adhesion was blocked by VEGF-neutralizing antibody and VEGFR2 inhibitor ZM323881, which also inhibited activation of VEGFR2/ERK1/2 pathway.
Conclusion
These results demonstrate that AF-derived VEGF plays a significant role in the increase of vasa vasorum count which is involved in macrophage recruitment and neointima formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Dong Li
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Hypertension, Department of Hypertension, Ruijin Hospital and Shanghai Institute of Hypertension, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 197 Ruijin 2nd Road, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Mo-Na Hong
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Hypertension, Department of Hypertension, Ruijin Hospital and Shanghai Institute of Hypertension, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 197 Ruijin 2nd Road, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Jing Chen
- Department of Hypertension, Ruijin Hospital North, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 999 Xiwang Road, Shanghai 201801, China
| | - Yuan-Yuan Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Hypertension, Department of Hypertension, Ruijin Hospital and Shanghai Institute of Hypertension, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 197 Ruijin 2nd Road, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Mao-Qing Ye
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Hypertension, Department of Hypertension, Ruijin Hospital and Shanghai Institute of Hypertension, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 197 Ruijin 2nd Road, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Yu Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Hypertension, Department of Hypertension, Ruijin Hospital and Shanghai Institute of Hypertension, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 197 Ruijin 2nd Road, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Ding-Liang Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Hypertension, Department of Hypertension, Ruijin Hospital and Shanghai Institute of Hypertension, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 197 Ruijin 2nd Road, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Ping-Jin Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Hypertension, Department of Hypertension, Ruijin Hospital and Shanghai Institute of Hypertension, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 197 Ruijin 2nd Road, Shanghai 200025, China
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Fan P, Jordan VC. New insights into acquired endocrine resistance of breast cancer. CANCER DRUG RESISTANCE (ALHAMBRA, CALIF.) 2019; 2:198-209. [PMID: 31815253 PMCID: PMC6897388 DOI: 10.20517/cdr.2019.13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
The translational research strategy of targeting estrogen receptor α (ERα) positive breast cancer and then using long term anti-hormone adjuvant therapy (5-10 years) has reduced recurrences and mortality. However, resistance continues to occur and improvements are required to build on the success of tamoxifen and aromatase inhibitors (AIs) established over the past 40 years. Further translational research has described the evolution of acquired resistance of breast cancer cell lines to long term estrogen deprivation that parallels clinical experience over years. Additionally, recent reports have identified mutations in the ERα obtained from the recurrences of AI treated patients. These mutations allow the ERα to activate without ligands and auto stimulate metastatic tumor growth. Furthermore, the new biology of estrogen-induced apoptosis in acquired resistant models in vitro and in vivo has been interrogated and applied to clinical trials. Inflammation and stress are emerging concepts occurring in the process of acquired resistance and estrogen-induced apoptosis with different mechanisms. In this review, we will present progress in the understanding of acquired resistance, focus on stress and inflammatory responses in the development of acquired resistance, and consider approaches to create new treatments to improve the treatment of breast cancer with endocrine resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ping Fan
- Department of Breast Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - V Craig Jordan
- Department of Breast Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
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Wang Y, Huang Y, Liu H, Su D, Luo F, Zhou F. Long noncoding RNA CDKN2B-AS1 interacts with miR-411-3p to regulate ovarian cancer in vitro and in vivo through HIF-1a/VEGF/P38 pathway. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2019; 514:44-50. [PMID: 31014670 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2019.03.141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2019] [Accepted: 03/21/2019] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Ovarian cancer (OC) is one of the most prevalent cancers with high fatality rate. In the present study, RT-PCR showed that the mRNA level of CDKN2B-AS1 was significantly upregulated while the miR-411-3p was downregulated in OC cell lines. In addition, the Sh-CDKN2B-AS1 resulted in the suppression of cell growth, invasion, migration and promotion of apoptosis, and miR-411-3p showed reversed results. Further studies demonstrated that CDKN2B-AS1 could directly interact with miR-411-3p, and that there was an inverse correlation between miR-411-3p and CDKN2B-AS1. Moreover, the in vivo experiments further demonstrated that Sh-CDKN2B-AS1 could inhibit the tumor growth. In addition, we examined the effect of CDKN2B-AS1 and miR-411-3p on HIF1a/VEGF/P38 axis. Consequently, Sh-CDKN2B-AS1 could suppress this pathway. In summary, our study demonstrated that the CDKN2B-AS1 interacted with miR-411-3p contributing to carcinogenesis in OC. Meanwhile, Sh-CDKN2B-AS1 showed anti-cancer role by promoting apoptosis and inhibiting cell growth, invasion and migration. Collectively, CDKN2B-AS1 modulated these activities possibly though miR-411-3p/HIF1a/VEGF/P38 pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Wang
- Department of Gynaecology, Sichuan Academy of Medical Science & Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, Chengdu, 610000, Sichuan, PR China
| | - Yu Huang
- Department of Gynaecology, Sichuan Academy of Medical Science & Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, Chengdu, 610000, Sichuan, PR China
| | - Hongxue Liu
- Department of Gynaecology, Sichuan Academy of Medical Science & Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, Chengdu, 610000, Sichuan, PR China
| | - Dan Su
- Department of Gynaecology, Sichuan Academy of Medical Science & Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, Chengdu, 610000, Sichuan, PR China
| | - Fangyuan Luo
- Department of Gynaecology, Sichuan Academy of Medical Science & Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, Chengdu, 610000, Sichuan, PR China
| | - Fei Zhou
- Department of Gynaecology, Sichuan Academy of Medical Science & Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, Chengdu, 610000, Sichuan, PR China.
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Carman BL, Predescu DN, Machado R, Predescu SA. Plexiform Arteriopathy in Rodent Models of Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2019; 189:1133-1144. [PMID: 30926336 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2019.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2018] [Accepted: 02/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
As time progresses, our understanding of disease pathology is propelled forward by technological advancements. Much of the advancements that aid in understanding disease mechanics are based on animal studies. Unfortunately, animal models often fail to recapitulate the entirety of the human disease. This is especially true with animal models used to study pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH), a disease with two distinct phases. The first phase is defined by nonspecific medial and adventitial thickening of the pulmonary artery and is commonly reproduced in animal models, including the classic models (ie, hypoxia-induced pulmonary hypertension and monocrotaline lung injury model). However, many animal models, including the classic models, fail to capture the progressive, or second, phase of PAH. This is a stage defined by plexogenic arteriopathy, resulting in obliteration and occlusion of the small- to mid-sized pulmonary vessels. Each of these two phases results in severe pulmonary hypertension that directly leads to right ventricular hypertrophy, decompensated right-sided heart failure, and death. Fortunately, newly developed animal models have begun to address the second, more severe, side of PAH and aid in our ability to develop new therapeutics. Moreover, p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase activation emerges as a central molecular mediator of plexiform lesions in both experimental models and human disease. Therefore, this review will focus on plexiform arteriopathy in experimental animal models of PAH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brandon L Carman
- Division of Pulmonary Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Rush Medical College, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Dan N Predescu
- Division of Pulmonary Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Rush Medical College, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Roberto Machado
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, Sleep, and Occupational Medicine, Department of Medicine, Indiana University, Indianapolis, Indiana
| | - Sanda A Predescu
- Division of Pulmonary Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Rush Medical College, Chicago, Illinois.
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Shi DB, Ma RR, Zhang H, Hou F, Guo XY, Gao P. GAGE7B promotes tumor metastasis and growth via activating the p38δ/pMAPKAPK2/pHSP27 pathway in gastric cancer. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL & CLINICAL CANCER RESEARCH : CR 2019; 38:124. [PMID: 30871606 PMCID: PMC6419436 DOI: 10.1186/s13046-019-1125-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2018] [Accepted: 03/01/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Background Gastric cancer is the second most common cause of cancer-related mortality; thus, the mechanisms underlying tumor metastasis and growth in gastric cancer need to be extensively explored. Methods Differentially expressed genes were examined in gastric cancer samples with lymph node metastasis (LNM) and without LNM using mRNA microarray and RT-qPCR. The effects of G antigen 7B (GAGE7B) on the metastasis, growth, and angiogenesis of gastric cancer were investigated in vitro and in vivo. GAGE7B protein expression was detected by immunohistochemical (IHC) analysis. Microarray, RT-qPCR, and western blot assays were performed to detect downstream target genes of GAGE7B. Dual-luciferase reporter and western blot assays were used to identify miRNAs that could negatively regulate GAGE7B. Results GAGE7B was significantly overexpressed in samples with LNM. High expression levels of GAGE7B were associated with advanced clinical stage and poor patient survival. GAGE7B dramatically enhanced the metastasis, growth, and angiogenesis ability of gastric cancer. GAGE7B was further demonstrated to promote the progression of gastric cancer by activating the p38δ/pMAPKAPK2/pHSP27 pathway. However, the GAGE7B-induced p38δ/pMAPKAPK2/pHSP27 pathway was inactivated by miR-30c, as the expression levels of both GAGE7B and p38δ were found to be directly suppressed by miR-30c. Intriguingly, GAGE7B was found to be a ceRNA for p38δ, as it activated the p38δ/pMAPKAPK2/pHSP27 pathway by competitively binding miR-30c. Conclusions GAGE7B may serve as a prognostic indicator in gastric cancer. GAGE7B significantly promotes gastric cancer progression by upregulating the p38δ/pMAPKAPK2/pHSP27 pathway, but it is negatively regulated by miR-30c. GAGE7B and miR-30c may be potential therapeutic targets in gastric cancer. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s13046-019-1125-z) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Duan-Bo Shi
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, China.,Department of Pathology, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, China
| | - Ran-Ran Ma
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, China.,Department of Pathology, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, China
| | - Hui Zhang
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, China.,Department of Pathology, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, China
| | - Feng Hou
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, China.,Department of Pathology, The Affiliated Hospital Of Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266071, China
| | - Xiang-Yu Guo
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, China.,Department of Pathology, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, China
| | - Peng Gao
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, China. .,Department of Pathology, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, China.
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Effective Therapy Using a Liposomal siRNA that Targets the Tumor Vasculature in a Model Murine Breast Cancer with Lung Metastasis. MOLECULAR THERAPY-ONCOLYTICS 2018; 11:102-108. [PMID: 30534584 PMCID: PMC6280606 DOI: 10.1016/j.omto.2018.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2018] [Accepted: 10/23/2018] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Although metastatic cancer is a major cause of death for cancer patients, no efficacious treatment for metastasis is available. We previously showed that the growth of a primary tumor could be inhibited by the administration of an anti-angiogenic small interfering RNA (siRNA) that is encapsulated in an RGD peptide-modified lipid nanoparticle (RGD-LNP). We herein report on the delivery of siRNA by an RGD-LNP to the vasculature is also effective for treating metastatic tumors. We compared the RGD-LNP with the polyethylene glycol (PEG)ylated LNP (PEG-LNP) in terms of accumulation in a lung-metastasized model. Despite malformed structure of vasculature in the metastasized lung, the accumulation of the PEG-LNP in the metastasized lung was lower than that for the RGD-LNP, which suggests that the delivery strategy based on vascular permeability is not completely effective for targeting metastasis tumors. The systemic injection of the RGD-LNP induced a significant silencing in the metastasized vasculature, but not in the normal lung. In addition, the continuous injection of the RGD-LNP encapsulating siRNA against a delta-like ligand 4 (DLL4) drastically prolonged the overall survival of metastasized model mice. Accordingly, our current findings suggest that vasculature targeting would be more effective than enhanced permeability and retention effect-based therapy for the treatment of metastatic cancer.
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35
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Sarwar M, Syed Khaja AS, Aleskandarany M, Karlsson R, Althobiti M, Ødum N, Mongan NP, Dizeyi N, Johnson H, Green AR, Ellis IO, Rakha EA, Persson JL. The role of PIP5K1α/pAKT and targeted inhibition of growth of subtypes of breast cancer using PIP5K1α inhibitor. Oncogene 2018; 38:375-389. [PMID: 30104711 PMCID: PMC6336681 DOI: 10.1038/s41388-018-0438-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2017] [Revised: 05/22/2018] [Accepted: 07/14/2018] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Despite recent improvement in adjuvant therapies, triple-negative, and ER+ subtypes of breast cancer (BC) with metastatic potentials remain the leading cause of BC-related deaths. We investigated the role of phosphatidylinositol-4-phosphate 5-kinase alpha (PIP5Kα), a key upstream factor of PI3K/AKT, and the therapeutic effect of PIP5Kα inhibitor on subtypes of BC. The clinical importance of PIP5K1α and its association with survivals were analyzed using three BC cohorts from Nottingham (n = 913), KM plotter (n = 112) and TCGA (n = 817). Targeted overexpression or knockdown of PIP5K1α were introduced into BC cell lines. The effects of PIP5K1α and its inhibitor on growth and invasion of BC were confirmed by using in vitro assays including proliferation, migration, apoptosis and luciferase reporter assays and in vivo xenograft mouse models. All statistical tests were two-sided. PIP5K1α was associated with poor patient outcome in triple-negative BC (for PIP5K1α protein, p = 0.011 and for mRNA expression, p = 0.028, log-rank test). 29% of triple-negative BC had PIP5K1A gene amplification. Elevated level of PIP5K1α increased expression of pSer-473 AKT (p < 0.001) and invasiveness of triple-negative MDA-MB-231 cells (p < 0.001). Conversely, inhibition of PIP5K1α using its inhibitor ISA-2011B, or via knockdown suppressed growth and invasiveness of MDA-MB-231 xenografts (mean vehicle-treated controls = 2160 mm3, and mean ISA-2011B-treated = 600 mm3, p < 0.001). ISA-2011B-treatment reduced expression of pSer-473 AKT (p < 0.001) and its downstream effectors including cyclin D1, VEGF and its receptors, VEGFR1 and VEGFR2 (p < 0.001) in xenograft tumors. In ER+ cancer cells, PIP5K1α acted on pSer-473 AKT, and was in complexes with VEGFR2, serving as co-factor of ER-alpha to regulate activities of target genes including cyclin D1 and CDK1. Our study suggests that our developed PIP5K1α inhibitor has a great potential on refining targeted therapeutics for treatment of triple-negative and ER+ BC with abnormal PI3K/AKT pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martuza Sarwar
- Division of Experimental Cancer Research, Department of Translational Medicine, Lund University, Clinical Research Centre, Malmö, Sweden
| | | | - Mohammed Aleskandarany
- Academic Pathology, Division of Cancer and Stem Cells, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - Richard Karlsson
- Division of Basal Tumor Biology, Department of Molecular Biology, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Maryam Althobiti
- Academic Pathology, Division of Cancer and Stem Cells, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - Niels Ødum
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Nigel P Mongan
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine and Science, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom.,Department of Pharmacology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, 10065, USA
| | - Nisthman Dizeyi
- Division of reproductive research, Department of Translational Medicine, Lund University, Clinical Research Centre, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Heather Johnson
- Department of Bio-Diagnosis, Beijing Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Andrew R Green
- Academic Pathology, Division of Cancer and Stem Cells, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - Ian O Ellis
- Academic Pathology, Division of Cancer and Stem Cells, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - Emad A Rakha
- Academic Pathology, Division of Cancer and Stem Cells, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - Jenny L Persson
- Division of Experimental Cancer Research, Department of Translational Medicine, Lund University, Clinical Research Centre, Malmö, Sweden. .,Division of Basal Tumor Biology, Department of Molecular Biology, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden.
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36
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Bhattacharya R, Ray Chaudhuri S, Roy SS. FGF9-induced ovarian cancer cell invasion involves VEGF-A/VEGFR2 augmentation by virtue of ETS1 upregulation and metabolic reprogramming. J Cell Biochem 2018; 119:8174-8189. [PMID: 29904943 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.26820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2017] [Accepted: 02/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Ovarian cancer (OC) renders its lethality to enhanced metastasis and late detection. A plethora of growth factors including Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor (VEGF) and Fibroblast Growth Factor (FGF) stimulated signaling pathways regulate the invasive/metastatic behavior of ovarian tumors contributing to its aggressiveness. Autocrine VEGF-functioning by virtue of upregulated VEGFR2 contributes to the invasiveness of OC cells by modulating the MMPs. Studies have highlighted the interaction between FGF and VEGF signaling pathways during angiogenesis. Moreover, the previous involvement of FGF9 in controlling the OC invasiveness prompted us to investigate its role in regulating VEGF-A/VEGFR2 expression that may control the invasive behavior of the cells. Here we demonstrate that, FGF9-induction resulted in the augmentation of VEGF-A/VEGFR2 levels and the subsequent invasion of OC cells through the activation of the ERK-signaling pathway. Moreover, the ETS1 transcription factor was found to enhance the VEGFA/VEGFR2 expression by directly binding to their promoters and facilitated FGF9-dependent elevation of VEGF-signaling which augmented the metastatic potential of OC cells. Enhanced cellular invasiveness was associated with increased aerobic glycolysis, LDH-A expression, and lactate production. Lactate, in turn, controlled VEGF-A/VEGFR2 expression and the resulting cell invasion. Taken together, the augmentation of VEGF-A/VEGFR2 expression and subsequent invasion of OC cells were governed by FGF9-dependent enhancement of both ETS1 and LDH-A/lactate levels. Therefore, this study provides an insight into the mechanism governing elevated VEGF-autocrine functioning in OC that contributes to its invasive/metastatic behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rahul Bhattacharya
- Cell Biology and Physiology Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, Kolkata, India
| | - Susri Ray Chaudhuri
- Tata Translational Cancer Research Centre, Tata Medical Centre, Kolkata, India
| | - Sib S Roy
- Cell Biology and Physiology Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, Kolkata, India.,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology Campus, Kolkata, India
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37
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Kumar BNP, Puvvada N, Rajput S, Sarkar S, Mahto MK, Yallapu MM, Pathak A, Emdad L, Das SK, Reis RL, Kundu SC, Fisher PB, Mandal M. Targeting of EGFR, VEGFR2, and Akt by Engineered Dual Drug Encapsulated Mesoporous Silica-Gold Nanoclusters Sensitizes Tamoxifen-Resistant Breast Cancer. Mol Pharm 2018; 15:2698-2713. [PMID: 29787277 DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.8b00218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Tamoxifen administration enhanced overall disease-free survival and diminished mortality rates in cancer patients. However, patients with breast cancer often fail to respond for tamoxifen therapy due to the development of a drug-resistant phenotype. Functional analysis and molecular studies suggest that protein mutation and dysregulation of survival signaling molecules such as epidermal growth factor receptor, vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2, and Akt contribute to tamoxifen resistance. Various strategies, including combinatorial therapies, show chemosensitize tamoxifen-resistant cancers. Based on chemotoxicity issues, researchers are actively investigating alternative therapeutic strategies. In the current study, we fabricate a mesoporous silica gold cluster nanodrug delivery system that displays exceptional tumor-targeting capability, thus promoting accretion of drug indices at the tumor site. We employ dual drugs, ZD6474, and epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) that inhibit EGFR2, VEGFR2, and Akt signaling pathways since changes in these signaling pathways confer tamoxifen resistance in MCF 7 and T-47D cells. Mesoporous silica gold cluster nanodrug delivery of ZD6474 and EGCG sensitize tamoxifen-resistant cells to apoptosis. Western and immune-histochemical analyses confirmed the apoptotic inducing properties of the nanoformulation. Overall, results with these silica gold nanoclusters suggest that they may be a potent nanoformulation against chemoresistant cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- B N Prashanth Kumar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Center for Cancer Research , University of Tennessee Health Science Center , Memphis , Tennessee 38163 , United States
| | - Nagaprasad Puvvada
- Chemical Biology , CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology , Uppal Road , Hyderabad 500007 , India
| | - Shashi Rajput
- Tumor Initiation and Maintenance , Sanford-Burnham Medical Research Institute , La Jolla , California 92037 , United States
| | - Siddik Sarkar
- Department of Human and Molecular Genetics , VCU Institute of Molecular Genetics, VCU Massey Cancer, Virginia Commonwealth University, School of Medicine , Richmond , Virginia 23298 , United States
| | | | - Murali M Yallapu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Center for Cancer Research , University of Tennessee Health Science Center , Memphis , Tennessee 38163 , United States
| | | | - Luni Emdad
- Department of Human and Molecular Genetics , VCU Institute of Molecular Genetics, VCU Massey Cancer, Virginia Commonwealth University, School of Medicine , Richmond , Virginia 23298 , United States
| | - Swadesh K Das
- Department of Human and Molecular Genetics , VCU Institute of Molecular Genetics, VCU Massey Cancer, Virginia Commonwealth University, School of Medicine , Richmond , Virginia 23298 , United States
| | - Rui L Reis
- 3Bs Research Group , Headquarters of the European Institute of Excellence on Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, University of Minho , Avepark - 4805-017 , Barco, Guimaraes, Portugal
| | - S C Kundu
- 3Bs Research Group , Headquarters of the European Institute of Excellence on Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, University of Minho , Avepark - 4805-017 , Barco, Guimaraes, Portugal
| | - Paul B Fisher
- Department of Human and Molecular Genetics , VCU Institute of Molecular Genetics, VCU Massey Cancer, Virginia Commonwealth University, School of Medicine , Richmond , Virginia 23298 , United States
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Shimizu A, Zankov DP, Kurokawa-Seo M, Ogita H. Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor-A Exerts Diverse Cellular Effects via Small G Proteins, Rho and Rap. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19041203. [PMID: 29659486 PMCID: PMC5979568 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19041203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2018] [Revised: 04/03/2018] [Accepted: 04/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Vascular endothelial growth factors (VEGFs) include five molecules (VEGF-A, -B, -C, -D, and placental growth factor), and have various roles that crucially regulate cellular functions in many kinds of cells and tissues. Intracellular signal transduction induced by VEGFs has been extensively studied and is usually initiated by their binding to two classes of transmembrane receptors: receptor tyrosine kinase VEGF receptors (VEGF receptor-1, -2 and -3) and neuropilins (NRP1 and NRP2). In addition to many established results reported by other research groups, we have previously identified small G proteins, especially Ras homologue gene (Rho) and Ras-related protein (Rap), as important mediators of VEGF-A-stimulated signaling in cancer cells as well as endothelial cells. This review article describes the VEGF-A-induced signaling pathways underlying diverse cellular functions, including cell proliferation, migration, and angiogenesis, and the involvement of Rho, Rap, and their related molecules in these pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akio Shimizu
- Division of Molecular Medical Biochemistry, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Shiga University of Medical Science, Otsu, Shiga 520-2192, Japan.
| | - Dimitar P Zankov
- Division of Molecular Medical Biochemistry, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Shiga University of Medical Science, Otsu, Shiga 520-2192, Japan.
| | - Misuzu Kurokawa-Seo
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, Faculty of Life Sciences, Kyoto Sangyo University, Kyoto 603-8555, Japan.
| | - Hisakazu Ogita
- Division of Molecular Medical Biochemistry, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Shiga University of Medical Science, Otsu, Shiga 520-2192, Japan.
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Harahap U, Hasibuan PAZ, Sitorus P, Arfian N, Satria D. Antimigration Activity of an Ethylacetate Fraction of Zanthoxylum acanthopodium DC. Fruits in 4T1 Breast Cancer
Cells. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2018; 19:565-569. [PMID: 29481017 PMCID: PMC5980951 DOI: 10.22034/apjcp.2018.19.2.565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: This study was carried out to investigate the antimigration activity of Zanthoxylum acanthopodium DC.
in the 4T1 breast cancer cell line. Methods: Zanthoxylum acanthopodium DC. fruit powder was extracted by maceration
method with n-hexane and ethylacetate solvents. Cytotoxicity and proliferation were assessed using the MTT method
and the cell cycle by flow cytometry. In addition, wound healing assays were conducted by a microscopic method,
and expression of COX-2 and VEGFR-2 were determined using qRT-PCR. Results: The IC50 of the ethylacetate
fraction (EAF) was 48.1 ± 1.06 μg/mL. The EAE at a concentration 10 μg/mL with viable cells was 62.3 ± 0.28%
after 72 h incubation, with accumulation in the G2-M phase, inhibition of cell migration in the wound healing assay,
and decrease in expression of COX-2 (0.62 ± 0.01) and VEGFR-2 (0.39 ± 0.003). Conclusion: The results reveal that
an ethylacetate fraction of Zanthoxylum acanthopodium DC. fruits provides effective antimigration effects. Further
studies are now planned to assess the potential of the ethylacetate fraction to inhibit angiogenesis in breast cancer and
determine underlying mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Urip Harahap
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Sumatera Utara, Indonesia.
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40
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FGFR2-Driven Signaling Counteracts Tamoxifen Effect on ERα-Positive Breast Cancer Cells. Neoplasia 2017; 19:791-804. [PMID: 28869838 PMCID: PMC5964976 DOI: 10.1016/j.neo.2017.07.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2017] [Revised: 07/02/2017] [Accepted: 07/12/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Signaling mediated by growth factors receptors has long been suggested as one of the key factors responsible for failure of endocrine treatment in breast cancer (BCa). Herein we present that in the presence of tamoxifen, FGFs (Fibroblast Growth Factors) promote BCa cell growth with the strongest effect being produced by FGF7. FGFR2 was identified as a mediator of FGF7 action and the FGFR2-induced signaling was found to underlie cancer-associated fibroblasts-dependent resistance to tamoxifen. FGF7/FGFR2-triggered pathway was shown to induce ER phosphorylation, ubiquitination and subsequent ER proteasomal degradation which counteracted tamoxifen-promoted ER stabilization. We also identified activation of PI3K/AKT signaling targeting ER-Ser167 and regulation of Bcl-2 expression as a mediator of FGFR2-promoted resistance to tamoxifen. Analysis of tissue samples from patients with invasive ductal carcinoma revealed an inversed correlation between expression of FGFR2 and ER, thus supporting our in vitro data. These results unveil the complexity of ER regulation by FGFR2-mediated signaling likely to be associated with BCa resistance to endocrine therapy.
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Patnaik A, Haluska P, Tolcher AW, Erlichman C, Papadopoulos KP, Lensing JL, Beeram M, Molina JR, Rasco DW, Arcos RR, Kelly CS, Wijayawardana SR, Zhang X, Stancato LF, Bell R, Shi P, Kulanthaivel P, Pitou C, Mulle LB, Farrington DL, Chan EM, Goetz MP. A First-in-Human Phase I Study of the Oral p38 MAPK Inhibitor, Ralimetinib (LY2228820 Dimesylate), in Patients with Advanced Cancer. Clin Cancer Res 2015; 22:1095-102. [PMID: 26581242 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-15-1718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2015] [Accepted: 11/02/2015] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE p38 MAPK regulates the production of cytokines in the tumor microenvironment and enables cancer cells to survive despite oncogenic stress, radiotherapy, chemotherapy, and targeted therapies. Ralimetinib (LY2228820 dimesylate) is a selective small-molecule inhibitor of p38 MAPK. This phase I study aimed to evaluate the safety and tolerability of ralimetinib, as a single agent and in combination with tamoxifen, when administered orally to patients with advanced cancer. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN The study design consisted of a dose-escalation phase performed in a 3+3 design (Part A; n = 54), two dose-confirmation phases [Part B at 420 mg (n = 18) and Part C at 300 mg (n = 8)], and a tumor-specific expansion phase in combination with tamoxifen for women with hormone receptor-positive metastatic breast cancer refractory to aromatase inhibitors (Part D; n = 9). Ralimetinib was administered orally every 12 hours on days 1 to 14 of a 28-day cycle. RESULTS Eighty-nine patients received ralimetinib at 11 dose levels (10, 20, 40, 65, 90, 120, 160, 200, 300, 420, and 560 mg). Plasma exposure of ralimetinib (Cmax and AUC) increased in a dose-dependent manner. After a single dose, ralimetinib inhibited p38 MAPK-induced phosphorylation of MAPKAP-K2 in peripheral blood mononuclear cells. The most common adverse events, possibly drug-related, included rash, fatigue, nausea, constipation, pruritus, and vomiting. The recommended phase II dose was 300 mg every 12 hours as monotherapy or in combination with tamoxifen. Although no patients achieved a complete response or partial response,19 patients (21.3%) achieved stable disease with a median duration of 3.7 months, with 9 of these patients on study for ≥ 6 cycles. CONCLUSIONS Ralimetinib demonstrated acceptable safety, tolerability, and pharmacokinetics for patients with advanced cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Robert Bell
- Eli Lilly and Company, Indianapolis, Indiana
| | - Peipei Shi
- Eli Lilly and Company, Indianapolis, Indiana
| | | | - Celine Pitou
- Eli Lilly and Company, Guildford, United Kingdom
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Attia YM, El-Abhar HS, Al Marzabani MM, Shouman SA. Targeting glycolysis by 3-bromopyruvate improves tamoxifen cytotoxicity of breast cancer cell lines. BMC Cancer 2015; 15:838. [PMID: 26526196 PMCID: PMC4630933 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-015-1850-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2015] [Accepted: 10/26/2015] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Tamoxifen is the standard endocrine therapy for ER+ breast cancer; however, many women still relapse after long-term therapy. 3-Bromopyruvate, a glycolytic inhibitor, has shown high selective anti-tumor activity in vitro, and in vivo. The aim of this study was to evaluate the possible augmentation of the effect of tamoxifen via reprograming cancer cell metabolism using 3-bromopyruvate. Methods An in vitro screening of antitumor activity as well as the apoptotic, anti-metastatic, and anti-angiogenic potentials of the combination therapy were carried out using different techniques on breast cancer cell lines MCF7and T47D. In addition the antitumor effect of the combined therapy was done on mice bearing tumor. Results Our results showed modulation in apoptosis, angiogenesis and metastatic potential by either drug alone; however, their combination has surpassed that of the individual one. Combination regimen enhanced activated caspases-3, 7 and 9, as well as oxidative stress, signified by increased malondialdehyde and decreased glutathione level. Additionally, the angiogenesis and metastasis markers, including hypoxia inducing factor-1α, vascular endothelia growth factor, and metaloproteinases-2 and 9 were decreased after using the combination regimen. These results were further confirmed by the in vivo study, which depicted a decrease in the tumor volume and angiogenesis and an increase in oxidative stress as well. Conclusion 3-bromopyruvate could be a valuable compound when added with tamoxifen in breast cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasmin M Attia
- Pharmacology Unit, Cancer Biology Department, National Cancer Institute, Cairo University, Kasr Al Eini Street, Fom El Khalig, Cairo, Egypt, 11796.
| | - Hanan S El-Abhar
- Pharmacology and Toxicology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Kasr El-Aini St, Cairo, Egypt, 11562.
| | - Mahmoud M Al Marzabani
- Pharmacology Unit, Cancer Biology Department, National Cancer Institute, Cairo University, Kasr Al Eini Street, Fom El Khalig, Cairo, Egypt, 11796.
| | - Samia A Shouman
- Pharmacology Unit, Cancer Biology Department, National Cancer Institute, Cairo University, Kasr Al Eini Street, Fom El Khalig, Cairo, Egypt, 11796.
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Prashanth Kumar B, Rajput S, Bharti R, Parida S, Mandal M. BI2536 – A PLK inhibitor augments paclitaxel efficacy in suppressing tamoxifen induced senescence and resistance in breast cancer cells. Biomed Pharmacother 2015; 74:124-32. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2015.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2015] [Accepted: 07/09/2015] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
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Fan P, Cunliffe HE, Maximov PY, Agboke FA, McDaniel RE, Zou X, Ramos P, Russell ML, Jordan VC. Integration of Downstream Signals of Insulin-like Growth Factor-1 Receptor by Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress for Estrogen-Induced Growth or Apoptosis in Breast Cancer Cells. Mol Cancer Res 2015; 13:1367-76. [PMID: 26116171 DOI: 10.1158/1541-7786.mcr-14-0494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2014] [Accepted: 06/12/2015] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Estrogen (E2) exerts a dual function on E2-deprived breast cancer cells, with both initial proliferation and subsequent induction of stress responses to cause apoptosis. However, the mechanism by which E2 integrally regulates cell growth or apoptosis-associated pathways remains to be elucidated. Here, E2 deprivation results in many alterations in stress-responsive pathways. For instance, E2-deprived breast cancer cells had higher basal levels of stress-activated protein kinase, c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK), compared with wild-type MCF-7 cells. E2 treatment further constitutively activated JNK after 24 hours. However, inhibition of JNK (SP600125) was unable to abolish E2- induced apoptosis, whereas SP600125 alone arrested cells at the G2 phase of the cell cycle and increased apoptosis. Further examination showed that inhibition of JNK increased gene expression of TNFα and did not effectively attenuate expression of apoptosis-related genes induced by E2. A notable finding was that E2 regulated both JNK and Akt as the downstream signals of insulin-like growth factor-1 receptor (IGFIR)/PI3K, but with distinctive modulation patterns: JNK was constitutively activated, whereas Akt and Akt-associated proteins, such as PTEN and mTOR, were selectively degraded. Endoplasmic reticulum-associated degradation (ERAD) was involved in the selective protein degradation. These findings highlight a novel IGFIR/PI3K/JNK axis that plays a proliferative role during the prelude to E2-induced apoptosis and that the endoplasmic reticulum is a key regulatory site to decide cell fate after E2 treatment. IMPLICATIONS This study provides a new rationale for further exploration of E2-induced apoptosis to improve clinical benefit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ping Fan
- Department of Oncology, Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University, Washington, District of Columbia. Department of Breast Medical Oncology, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Heather E Cunliffe
- Department of Pathology, Dunedin School of Medicine, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Philipp Y Maximov
- Department of Oncology, Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University, Washington, District of Columbia. Department of Breast Medical Oncology, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Fadeke A Agboke
- Department of Oncology, Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University, Washington, District of Columbia
| | - Russell E McDaniel
- Department of Oncology, Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University, Washington, District of Columbia
| | - Xiaojun Zou
- Department of Oncology, Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University, Washington, District of Columbia
| | - Pilar Ramos
- Computational Biology Division, The Translational Genomics Research Institute, Phoenix, Arizona
| | - Megan L Russell
- Computational Biology Division, The Translational Genomics Research Institute, Phoenix, Arizona
| | - V Craig Jordan
- Department of Oncology, Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University, Washington, District of Columbia. Department of Breast Medical Oncology, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas.
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Fedele P, Orlando L, Schiavone P, Calvani N, Caliolo C, Quaranta A, Nacci A, Cinieri S. Recent advances in the treatment of hormone receptor positive HER2 negative metastatic breast cancer. Crit Rev Oncol Hematol 2015; 94:291-301. [DOI: 10.1016/j.critrevonc.2015.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2014] [Revised: 11/07/2014] [Accepted: 01/05/2015] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
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46
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Lee WS, Pyun BJ, Kim SW, Shim SR, Nam JR, Yoo JY, Jin Y, Jin J, Kwon YG, Yun CO, Nam DH, Oh K, Lee DS, Lee SH, Yoo JS. TTAC-0001, a human monoclonal antibody targeting VEGFR-2/KDR, blocks tumor angiogenesis. MAbs 2015; 7:957-68. [PMID: 25942475 DOI: 10.1080/19420862.2015.1045168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Angiogenesis is one of the most important processes for cancer cell survival, tumor growth and metastasis. Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and its receptor, particularly VEGF receptor-2 (VEGFR-2, or kinase insert domain-containing receptor, KDR), play critical roles in tumor-associated angiogenesis. We developed TTAC-0001, a human monoclonal antibody against VEGFR-2/KDR from a fully human naïve single-chain variable fragment phage library. TTAC-0001 was selected as a lead candidate based on its affinity, ligand binding inhibition and inhibition of VEGFR-2 signal in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC). TTAC-0001 inhibited binding of VEGF-C and VEGF-D to VEGFR-2 in addition to VEGF-A. It binds on the N-terminal regions of domain 2 and domain 3 of VEGFR-2. It could inhibit the phosphorylation of VEGFR-2/KDR and ERK induced by VEGF in HUVEC. TTAC-0001 also inhibited VEGF-mediated endothelial cell proliferation, migration and tube formation in vitro, as well as ex vivo vessel sprouting from rat aortic rings and neovascularization in mouse matrigel model in vivo. Our data indicates that TTAC-0001 blocks the binding of VEGFs to VEGFR-2/KDR and inhibits VEGFR-induced signaling pathways and angiogenesis. Therefore, these data strongly support the further development of TTAC-0001 as an anti-cancer agent in the clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weon Sup Lee
- a PharmAbcine, Inc. , #402; DaejeonBioventure Town; Jeonmin-dong; Yusung-gu; Daejeon , Korea
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Yan JD, Liu Y, Zhang ZY, Liu GY, Xu JH, Liu LY, Hu YM. Expression and prognostic significance of VEGFR-2 in breast cancer. Pathol Res Pract 2015; 211:539-43. [PMID: 25976977 DOI: 10.1016/j.prp.2015.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2015] [Revised: 03/13/2015] [Accepted: 04/01/2015] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Breast cancer is one of the most common cancers among women in the world. Vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2 (VEGFR-2) was not only found to play a key role in the development of tumor angiogenesis, but has also been located in tumor cells of a variety of tumors. This study investigated the expression pattern of VEGFR-2 in breast cancer tissue specimens in order to evaluate the role of VEGFR-2 in the prognosis of breast cancer. Expression and localization of VEGFR-2 in tumor cells of breast cancer specimens from 98 invasive breast cancer patients were determined by immunohistochemistry. The relationships between VEGFR-2 expression and clinicopathological features were also analyzed. The results showed that VEGFR-2 expression correlated positively with lymph node (LN) metastasis of breast cancer. Patients with high expression of VEGFR-2 had a significantly worse OS. It was also observed that the expression of epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) marker, including Twist1 and Vimentin, was higher in the tumors with higher VEGFR-2 expression, while the E-cadherin expression was lower in the same tumors, suggesting that VEGFR-2 may serve as a possible mediator of EMT in breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji-Dong Yan
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Tangshan Gongren Hospital, Tangshan, China
| | - Yanrong Liu
- High-Throughput Molecular Drug Discovery Center, Tianjin Joint Academy of Biotechnology and Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Zhi-Yong Zhang
- Department of Pathology, Tangshan Gongren Hospital, Tangshan, China.
| | - Guang-Yin Liu
- Department of Mammary Surgery, Tangshan Gongren Hospital, Tangshan, China
| | - Jin-Heng Xu
- Department of Pathology, Tangshan Gongren Hospital, Tangshan, China
| | - Li-Yun Liu
- Department of Pathology, Tangshan Gongren Hospital, Tangshan, China
| | - Yue-Ming Hu
- Department of Pathology, Tangshan Gongren Hospital, Tangshan, China
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Aprile G, Rijavec E, Fontanella C, Rihawi K, Grossi F. Ramucirumab: preclinical research and clinical development. Onco Targets Ther 2014; 7:1997-2006. [PMID: 25378934 PMCID: PMC4218907 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s61132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Ramucirumab (IMC-1121B, LY3009806), a fully humanized monoclonal antibody directed against the extracellular domain of vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2 (VEGFR-2), is a new therapeutic option that selectively inhibits the human VEGFR-2 with a much greater affinity than its natural ligands. Based on the promising results of both preclinical and early clinical studies, ramucirumab has been tested in different tumor types either alone or in combination with chemotherapy. While it has recently been granted its first US Food and Drug Administration approval for use as a single agent in patients with advanced or metastatic gastric cancer or gastroesophageal junction carcinoma, its role for metastatic breast cancer or advanced non-small-cell lung cancer is still debated. The aims of this review are to recall and discuss the most significant preclinical and clinical studies that led to the development of ramucirumab and to present the results of the randomized clinical trials that have tested its efficacy in different malignancies, including gastric and lung cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppe Aprile
- Department of Oncology, University Hospital of Udine, Udine, Italy
| | - Erika Rijavec
- Lung Cancer Unit, National Cancer Institut “San Martino”, Genoa, Italy
| | | | - Karim Rihawi
- Department of Oncology, University Hospital of Udine, Udine, Italy
| | - Francesco Grossi
- Lung Cancer Unit, National Cancer Institut “San Martino”, Genoa, Italy
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Zhang X, Das SK, Passi SF, Uehara H, Bohner A, Chen M, Tiem M, Archer B, Ambati BK. AAV2 delivery of Flt23k intraceptors inhibits murine choroidal neovascularization. Mol Ther 2014; 23:226-34. [PMID: 25306972 DOI: 10.1038/mt.2014.199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2014] [Accepted: 10/02/2014] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Long-term inhibition of extracellular vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) in the treatment of age-related macular degeneration (AMD) may induce retinal neuronal toxicity and risk other side effects. We developed a novel strategy which inhibits retinal pigment epithelium (RPE)-derived VEGF, sparing other highly sensitive retinal tissues. Flt23k, an intraceptor inhibitor of VEGF, was able to inhibit VEGF in vitro. Adeno-associated virus type 2 (AAV2)-mediated expression of Flt23k was maintained for up to 6 months postsubretinal injection in mice. Flt23k was able to effectively inhibit laser-induced murine choroidal neovascularization (CNV). VEGF levels in the RPE/choroid complex decreased significantly in AAV2.Flt23k treated eyes. Neither retinal structure detected by Heidelberg Spectralis nor function measured by electroretinography (ERG) was adversely affected by treatment with AAV2.Flt23k. Hence AAV2.Flt23k can effectively maintain long-term expression and inhibit laser-induced CNV in mice through downregulation of VEGF while maintaining a sound retinal safety profile. These findings suggest a promising novel approach for the treatment of CNV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaohui Zhang
- Moran Eye Center, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
| | - Subrata K Das
- Moran Eye Center, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
| | - Samuel F Passi
- Moran Eye Center, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
| | - Hironori Uehara
- Moran Eye Center, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
| | - Austin Bohner
- Moran Eye Center, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
| | - Marcus Chen
- Moran Eye Center, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
| | - Michelle Tiem
- Moran Eye Center, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
| | - Bonnie Archer
- Moran Eye Center, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
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50
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Santos A, Lopes C, Gärtner F, Matos AJF. VEGFR-2 expression in malignant tumours of the canine mammary gland: a prospective survival study. Vet Comp Oncol 2014; 14:e83-92. [PMID: 24976305 DOI: 10.1111/vco.12107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2014] [Revised: 05/14/2014] [Accepted: 06/04/2014] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Vascular endothelial growth factor receptor-2 (VEGFR-2) is the main receptor activated by vascular endothelial growth factor -A (VEGF-A) to promote tumour angiogenesis. Its clinical prognostic value has not been studied in canine mammary tumours (CMTs). Dogs with mammary cancer were enrolled in a survival study and the immunohistochemical expressions of VEGFR-2 and VEGF-A were analysed and associated with clinicopathological features. VEGFR-2 expression was associated with VEGF immunoreactivity in cancer cells, supporting the presence of an autocrine loop that may be involved in CMTs growth and survival. VEGFR-2 was also expressed by endothelial cells from tumour vasculature and positively associated with stromal matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9), suggesting the existence of a link between endothelial cells activation and up-regulation of matrix degrading proteins. Carcinosarcomas exhibited high VEGFR-2 expression suggesting that it may be one of the activated molecular pathways in this aggressive histological type and that VEGFR-2 inhibitors may constitute a potential treatment to improve the prognosis of these patients. Both VEGF and VEGFR-2 immunoreactivities were independent of patients' overall survival (OS) and disease-free survival (DFS).
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Affiliation(s)
- A Santos
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University Lusófona of Humanites and Technologies, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - C Lopes
- Department of Molecular Pathology and Immunology, Biomedical Sciences Institute of Abel Salazar (ICBAS), University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - F Gärtner
- Department of Molecular Pathology and Immunology, Biomedical Sciences Institute of Abel Salazar (ICBAS), University of Porto, Porto, Portugal.,Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology of the University of Porto (IPATIMUP), Porto, Portugal
| | - A J F Matos
- Department of Veterinary Clinics, Biomedical Sciences Institute of Abel Salazar (ICBAS), University of Porto, Porto, Portugal.,Animal Science and Study Centre/Food and Agrarian Sciences and Technologies Institute (CECA/ICETA), University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
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