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Le HTN, Rijal S, Jang SH, Park SA, Park SJ, Jung W, Han SK. Inhibitory Effects of Honokiol on Substantia Gelatinosa Neurons of the Trigeminal Subnucleus Caudalis in Juvenile Mice. Neuroscience 2023; 521:89-101. [PMID: 37142181 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2023.04.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2022] [Revised: 04/18/2023] [Accepted: 04/25/2023] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Inhibitory neurotransmitters such as gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) and glycine are known to be abundant in the substantia gelatinosa (SG) of the trigeminal subnucleus caudalis (Vc). Thus, it has been recognized as an initial synaptic site for regulating orofacial nociceptive stimuli. Honokiol, a principal active ingredient derived from the bark of Magnolia officinalis, has been exploited in traditional remedies with multiple biological effects, including anti-nociception on humans. However, the anti-nociceptive mechanism of honokiol on SG neurons of the Vc remains fully elusive. In this study, effects of honokiol on SG neurons of the Vc in mice were investigated using the whole-cell patch-clamp method. In a concentration-dependent manner, honokiol significantly enhanced frequencies of spontaneous postsynaptic currents (sPSCs) that were independent of action potential generation. Notably, honokiol-induced increase in the frequency of sPSCs was attributed to the release of inhibitory neurotransmitters through both glycinergic and GABAergic pre-synaptic terminals. Furthermore, higher concentration of honokiol induced inward currents that were noticeably attenuated in the presence of picrotoxin (a GABAA receptor antagonist) or strychnine (a glycine receptor antagonist). Honokiol also exhibited potentiation effect on glycine- and GABAA receptor-mediated responses. In inflammatory pain model, the increase in frequency of spontaneous firing on SG neurons induced by formalin was significantly inhibited by the application of honokiol. Altogether, these findings indicate that honokiol might directly affect SG neurons of the Vc to facilitate glycinergic and GABAergic neurotransmissions and modulate nociceptive synaptic transmission against pain. Consequently, the inhibitory effect of honokiol in the central nociceptive system contributes to orofacial pain management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ha Thuy Nhung Le
- Department of Oral Physiology, School of Dentistry & Institute of Oral Bioscience, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju, Republic of Korea; Faculty of Odonto-Stomatology, Hue University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Hue University, Hue, Viet Nam
| | - Santosh Rijal
- Department of Oral Physiology, School of Dentistry & Institute of Oral Bioscience, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju, Republic of Korea
| | - Seon Hui Jang
- Department of Oral Physiology, School of Dentistry & Institute of Oral Bioscience, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju, Republic of Korea
| | - Seon Ah Park
- Department of Oral Physiology, School of Dentistry & Institute of Oral Bioscience, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju, Republic of Korea
| | - Soo Joung Park
- Department of Oral Physiology, School of Dentistry & Institute of Oral Bioscience, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju, Republic of Korea
| | - Won Jung
- Department of Oral Medicine, School of Dentistry & Institute of Oral Bioscience, Jeonbuk National University, Research Institute of Clinical Medicine of Jeonbuk National University - Biomedical Research Institute of Jeonbuk National University Hospital, Jeonju, Republic of Korea.
| | - Seong Kyu Han
- Department of Oral Physiology, School of Dentistry & Institute of Oral Bioscience, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju, Republic of Korea.
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Dai X, Xie L, Liu K, Liang Y, Cao Y, Lu J, Wang X, Zhang X, Li X. The Neuropharmacological Effects of Magnolol and Honokiol: A Review of Signal Pathways and Molecular Mechanisms. Curr Mol Pharmacol 2023; 16:161-177. [PMID: 35196977 DOI: 10.2174/1874467215666220223141101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2021] [Revised: 01/07/2022] [Accepted: 01/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Magnolol and honokiol are natural lignans with good physiological effects. As the main active substances derived from Magnolia officinalis, their pharmacological activities have attracted extensive attention. It is reported that both of them can cross the blood-brain barrier (BBB) and exert neuroprotective effects through a variety of mechanisms. This suggests that these two ingredients can be used as effective therapeutic compounds to treat a wide range of neurological diseases. This article provides a review of the mechanisms involved in the therapeutic effects of magnolol and honokiol in combating diseases, such as cerebral ischemia, neuroinflammation, Alzheimer's disease, and brain tumors, as well as psychiatric disorders, such as anxiety and depression. Although magnolol and honokiol have the pharmacological effects described above, their clinical potential remains untapped. More research is needed to improve the bioavailability of magnolol and honokiol and perform experiments to examine the therapeutic potential of magnolol and honokiol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaolin Dai
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, PR China
| | - Long Xie
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, PR China
| | - Kai Liu
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, PR China
| | - Youdan Liang
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, PR China
| | - Yi Cao
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, PR China
| | - Jing Lu
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, PR China
| | - Xian Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, PR China
| | - Xumin Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, PR China
| | - Xiaofang Li
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, PR China
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Niu L, Hou Y, Jiang M, Bai G. The rich pharmacological activities of Magnolia officinalis and secondary effects based on significant intestinal contributions. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2021; 281:114524. [PMID: 34400262 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2021.114524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2021] [Revised: 08/01/2021] [Accepted: 08/13/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Magnolia officinalis Cortex (M. officinalis) is a traditional herbal drug widely used in Asian countries. Depending on its multiple biological activities, M. officinalis is used to regulate gastrointestinal (GI) motility, relieve cough and asthma, prevent cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases, and treat depression and anxiety. AIM OF THE REVIEW We aimed to review the abundant form of pharmacodynamics activity and potential mechanisms of action of M. officinalis and the characteristics of the internal processes of the main components. The potential mechanisms of local and distance actions of M. officinalis based on GI tract was provided, and it was used to reveal the interconnections between traditional use, phytochemistry, and pharmacology. MATERIALS AND METHODS Published literatures about M. officinalis and its main components were collected from several scientific databases, including PubMed, Elsevier, ScienceDirect, Google Scholar and Web of Science etc. RESULTS: M. officinalis was shown multiple effects including effects on digestive system, respiratory system, central system, which is consistent with traditional applications, as well as some other activities such as cardiovascular system, anticancer, anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects and so on. The mechanisms of these activities are abundant. Its chief ingredients such as magnolol and honokiol can be metabolized into active metabolites in vivo, which can increase water solubility and bioavailability and exert pharmacological activity in the whole body. In the GI tract, M. officinalis and its main ingredient can regulate GI hormones and substance metabolism, protect the intestinal barrier and affect the gut microbiota (GM). These actions are effective to improve local discomfort and some distal symptoms such as depression, asthma, or metabolic disorders. CONCLUSIONS Although M. officinalis has rich pharmacological effects, the GI tract makes great contributions to it. The GI tract is not only an important place for absorption and metabolism but also a key site to help M. officinalis exert local and distal efficacy. Pharmacodynamical studies on the efficacies of distal tissues based on the contributions of the GI tract hold great potential for understanding the benefits of M. officinalis and providing new ideas for the treatment of important diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Niu
- Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 300193, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuanyuan Hou
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, College of Pharmacy and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Drug Research, Nankai University, Haihe Education Park, 38 Tongyan Road, Tianjin, 300353, People's Republic of China
| | - Min Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, College of Pharmacy and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Drug Research, Nankai University, Haihe Education Park, 38 Tongyan Road, Tianjin, 300353, People's Republic of China
| | - Gang Bai
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, College of Pharmacy and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Drug Research, Nankai University, Haihe Education Park, 38 Tongyan Road, Tianjin, 300353, People's Republic of China.
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Fukuyama Y, Kubo M, Harada K. The search for, and chemistry and mechanism of, neurotrophic natural products. J Nat Med 2020; 74:648-671. [PMID: 32643028 PMCID: PMC7456418 DOI: 10.1007/s11418-020-01431-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2020] [Accepted: 06/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Abstract Neurotrophic factors, now termed neurotrophins, which belong to a class of polypeptidyl agents, have been shown to potentially be beneficial for the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer’s disease, because endogenous neurotrophic factors (NGF, BDNF, NT3, NT4) have been recognized to play critical roles in the promotion of neurogenesis, differentiation, and neuroprotection throughout the development of the central nervous system. However, high-molecular weight proteins are unable to cross the blood–brain barrier and are easily decomposed by peptidase under physiological conditions. To address this issue, small molecules that can mimic the functions of neurotrophic factors would be promising alternatives for the treatment of neurodegenerative disease. We have continued to search for natural products having typical neurotrophic properties, which can cause neurogenesis, enhance neurite outgrowth, and protect neuronal death using three cellular systems (PC12, rat cortical neurons, and MEB5 cells). In this review, we summarize the neurotrophic activities and synthesis of dimeric isocuparane-type sesquiterpenes from the liverwort, Mastigophora diclados, the mechanism of neurotrophic neolignans, magnolol, honokiol and their sesquiterpene derivatives, and introduce unique neurotrophin-mimic natural products, including seco-prezizaane-type sesquiterpenes from the Illicium species, vibsane-type diterpenes from Viburnum awabuki, and miscellaneous natural products with neurotrophic effects discovered by us. Graphic abstract ![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshiyasu Fukuyama
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokushima Bunri University, Tokushima, 770-8514, Japan.
| | - Miwa Kubo
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokushima Bunri University, Tokushima, 770-8514, Japan
| | - Kenichi Harada
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokushima Bunri University, Tokushima, 770-8514, Japan
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Samarut É, Nixon J, Kundap UP, Drapeau P, Ellis LD. Single and Synergistic Effects of Cannabidiol and Δ-9-Tetrahydrocannabinol on Zebrafish Models of Neuro-Hyperactivity. Front Pharmacol 2019; 10:226. [PMID: 30949046 PMCID: PMC6435997 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2019.00226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2019] [Accepted: 02/22/2019] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
In this study, we aimed to investigate the effect of the two main active cannabinoids extracted from cannabis: Δ-9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) and cannabidiol (CBD) on two distinct behavioral models of induced neuro-hyperactivity. We have taken advantage of two previously developed zebrafish models of neuro-hyperactivity: a chemically induced pentylenetetrazole model and a genetic model caused by loss-of-function mutations in the GABA receptor subunit alpha 1 (GABRA1−/−). Both CBD and THC have a significant effect on the behavioral changes induced by both models. Importantly, we have also shown that when applied together at different ratios of THC to CBD (1:1, 1:5, and 1:10), there was a synergistic effect at a ratio of 1:1. This was particularly important for the genetically induced neuro-hyperactivity as it brought the concentrations of THC and CBD required to oppose the induced behavioral changes to levels that had much less of an effect on baseline larval behavior. The results of this study help to validate the ability of THC and CBD to oppose neuro-hyperactivity linked to seizure modalities. Additionally, it appears that individually, each cannabinoid may be more effective against the chemically induced model than against the GABRA1−/− transgenic model. However, when applied together, the concentration of each compound required to oppose the GABRA1−/− light-induced activity was lowered. This is of particular interest since the use of cannabinoids as therapeutics can be dampened by their side-effect profile. Reducing the level of each cannabinoid required may help to prevent off target effects that lead to side effects. Additionally, this study provides a validation of the complimentary nature of the two zebrafish models and sets a platform for future work with cannabinoids, particularly in the context of neuro-hyperactivity disorders such as epilepsy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Éric Samarut
- Department of Neurosciences, Research Center of the University of Montreal Hospital Center (CRCHUM), Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada.,Modelis Inc., Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Jessica Nixon
- National Research Council of Canada, Halifax, NS, Canada
| | - Uday P Kundap
- Department of Neurosciences, Research Center of the University of Montreal Hospital Center (CRCHUM), Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Pierre Drapeau
- Department of Neurosciences, Research Center of the University of Montreal Hospital Center (CRCHUM), Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Lee D Ellis
- National Research Council of Canada, Halifax, NS, Canada
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Bioinspired Honokiol Analogs and Their Evaluation for Activity on the Norepinephrine Transporter. Molecules 2018; 23:molecules23102536. [PMID: 30287800 PMCID: PMC6222891 DOI: 10.3390/molecules23102536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2018] [Revised: 09/24/2018] [Accepted: 09/26/2018] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
In traditional Asian medicinal systems, preparations of the root and stem bark of Magnolia species are widely used to treat anxiety and other nervous disturbances. The biphenyl-type neolignans honokiol and magnolol are the main constituents of Magnolia bark extracts. In the central nervous system, Magnolia bark preparations that contain honokiol are thought to primarily interact with γ-aminobutyric acid A (GABAA) receptors. However, stress responses inherently involve the noradrenergic system, which has not been investigated in the pharmacological mechanism of honokiol. We present here interactions of honokiol and other synthesized biphenyl-type neolignans and diphenylmethane analogs with the norepinephrine transporter (NET), which is responsible for the synaptic clearance of norepinephrine and the target of many anxiolytics. Of the synthesized compounds, 16 are new chemical entities, which are fully characterized. The 52 compounds tested show mild, non-potent interactions with NET (IC50 > 100 µM). It is thus likely that the observed anxiolytic effects of, e.g., Magnolia preparations, are not due to direct interaction with the noradrenergic system.
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Cheng J, Dong S, Yi L, Geng D, Liu Q. Magnolol abrogates chronic mild stress-induced depressive-like behaviors by inhibiting neuroinflammation and oxidative stress in the prefrontal cortex of mice. Int Immunopharmacol 2018; 59:61-67. [DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2018.03.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2018] [Revised: 03/25/2018] [Accepted: 03/29/2018] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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Oh S, Gadde UD, Bravo D, Lillehoj EP, Lillehoj HS. Growth-Promoting and Antioxidant Effects of Magnolia Bark Extract in Chickens Uninfected or Co-Infected with Clostridium perfringens and Eimeria maxima as an Experimental Model of Necrotic Enteritis. Curr Dev Nutr 2018; 2:nzy009. [PMID: 30019032 PMCID: PMC6041942 DOI: 10.1093/cdn/nzy009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2017] [Revised: 11/29/2017] [Accepted: 01/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Magnolia tree bark has been widely used in traditional Asian medicine. However, to our knowledge, no studies have been reported investigating the effects of dietary supplementation with magnolia bark extract in chickens. OBJECTIVE We tested the hypothesis that dietary supplementation of chickens with a Magnolia officinalis bark extract would increase growth performance in uninfected and Eimeria maxima/Clostridium perfringens co-infected chickens. METHODS A total of 168 chickens were fed from hatch either a standard diet or a diet supplemented with 0.33 mg or 0.56 mg M. officinalis bark extract/kg (M/H low or M/H high, respectively) from days 1 to 35. At day 14, half of the chickens were orally infected with E. maxima, followed by C. perfringens infection at day 18 to induce experimental avian necrotic enteritis. Daily feed intake, feed conversion ratio, body weight gain, and final body weight were measured as indicators of growth performance. Serum α1-acid glycoprotein (AGP) concentrations were measured as an indicator of systemic inflammation, and intestinal lesion scores were determined as a marker of disease progression. Transcript levels for catalase, heme oxygenase 1, and superoxide dismutase in the intestine, liver, spleen, and skeletal muscle were measured as indicators of antioxidant status. RESULTS Growth performance increased between days 1 and 35 in uninfected and E. maxima/C. perfringens co-infected chickens fed M/H-low or M/H-high diets compared with unsupplemented controls. Gut lesion scores were decreased, whereas AGP concentrations were unchanged, in co-infected chickens fed magnolia-supplemented diets compared with unsupplemented controls. In general, transcripts for antioxidant enzymes increased in chickens fed magnolia-supplemented diets compared with unsupplemented controls, and significant interactions between dietary supplementation and co-infection were observed for all antioxidant enzyme transcript levels. CONCLUSION Magnolia bark extract might be useful for future development of dietary strategies to improve poultry health, disease resistance, and productivity without the use of antibiotic growth promoters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sungtaek Oh
- Animal Bioscience and Biotechnology Laboratory, Beltsville Agricultural Research Center, Agricultural Research Service, USDA, Beltsville, MD
| | - Ujvala Deepthi Gadde
- Animal Bioscience and Biotechnology Laboratory, Beltsville Agricultural Research Center, Agricultural Research Service, USDA, Beltsville, MD
| | | | - Erik P Lillehoj
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
| | - Hyun S Lillehoj
- Animal Bioscience and Biotechnology Laboratory, Beltsville Agricultural Research Center, Agricultural Research Service, USDA, Beltsville, MD
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Talarek S, Listos J, Barreca D, Tellone E, Sureda A, Nabavi SF, Braidy N, Nabavi SM. Neuroprotective effects of honokiol: from chemistry to medicine. Biofactors 2017; 43:760-769. [PMID: 28817221 DOI: 10.1002/biof.1385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2017] [Revised: 07/21/2017] [Accepted: 07/27/2017] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
The incidence of neurological disorders is growing in developed countries together with increased lifespan. Nowadays, there are still no effective treatments for neurodegenerative pathologies, which make necessary to search for new therapeutic agents. Natural products, most of them used in traditional medicine, are considered promising alternatives for the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases. Honokiol is a natural bioactive phenylpropanoid compound, belonging to the class of neolignan, found in notable amounts in the bark of Magnolia tree, and has been reported to exert diverse pharmacological properties including neuroprotective activities. Honokiol can permeate the blood brain barrier and the blood-cerebrospinal fluid to increase its bioavailability in neurological tissues. Diverse studies have provided evidence on the neuroprotective effect of honokiol in the central nervous system, due to its potent antioxidant activity, and amelioration of the excitotoxicity mainly related to the blockade of glutamate receptors and reduction in neuroinflammation. In addition, recent studies suggest that honokiol can attenuate neurotoxicity exerted by abnormally aggregated Aβ in Alzheimer's disease. The present work summarizes what is currently known concerning the neuroprotective effects of honokiol and its potential molecular mechanisms of action, which make it considered as a promising agent in the treatment and management of neurodegenerative diseases. © 2017 BioFactors, 43(6):760-769, 2017.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sylwia Talarek
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacodynamics, Medical University of Lublin, Lublin 20-093, Poland
| | - Joanna Listos
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacodynamics, Medical University of Lublin, Lublin 20-093, Poland
| | - Davide Barreca
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Ester Tellone
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Antoni Sureda
- Research Group on Community Nutrition and Oxidative Stress (NUCOX) and CIBEROBN (Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition CB12/03/30038), University of Balearic Islands, Balearic Islands, Spain
| | - Seyed Fazel Nabavi
- Applied Biotechnology Research Center, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Nady Braidy
- Centre for Healthy Brain Ageing, School of Psychiatry, University of New South Wales, Australia
| | - Seyed Mohammad Nabavi
- Applied Biotechnology Research Center, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Forkuo GS, Nieman AN, Yuan NY, Kodali R, Yu OB, Zahn NM, Jahan R, Li G, Stephen MR, Guthrie ML, Poe MM, Hartzler BD, Harris TW, Yocum GT, Emala CW, Steeber DA, Stafford DC, Cook JM, Arnold LA. Alleviation of Multiple Asthmatic Pathologic Features with Orally Available and Subtype Selective GABA A Receptor Modulators. Mol Pharm 2017; 14:2088-2098. [PMID: 28440659 PMCID: PMC5497587 DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.7b00183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
We describe pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic properties of two novel oral drug candidates for asthma. Phenolic α4β3γ2 GABAAR selective compound 1 and acidic α5β3γ2 selective GABAAR positive allosteric modulator compound 2 relaxed airway smooth muscle ex vivo and attenuated airway hyperresponsiveness (AHR) in a murine model of asthma. Importantly, compound 2 relaxed acetylcholine contracted human tracheal airway smooth muscle strips. Oral treatment of compounds 1 and 2 decreased eosinophils in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid in ovalbumin sensitized and challenged mice, thus exhibiting anti-inflammatory properties. Additionally, compound 1 reduced the number of lung CD4+ T lymphocytes and directly modulated their transmembrane currents by acting on GABAARs. Excellent pharmacokinetic properties were observed, including long plasma half-life (up to 15 h), oral availability, and extremely low brain distribution. In conclusion, we report the selective targeting of GABAARs expressed outside the brain and demonstrate reduction of AHR and airway inflammation with two novel orally available GABAAR ligands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gloria S. Forkuo
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry and the Milwaukee Institute for Drug Discovery, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, 53201
| | - Amanda N. Nieman
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry and the Milwaukee Institute for Drug Discovery, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, 53201
| | - Nina Y. Yuan
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry and the Milwaukee Institute for Drug Discovery, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, 53201
| | - Revathi Kodali
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry and the Milwaukee Institute for Drug Discovery, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, 53201
| | - Olivia B. Yu
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry and the Milwaukee Institute for Drug Discovery, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, 53201
| | - Nicolas M. Zahn
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry and the Milwaukee Institute for Drug Discovery, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, 53201
| | - Rajwana Jahan
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry and the Milwaukee Institute for Drug Discovery, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, 53201
| | - Guanguan Li
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry and the Milwaukee Institute for Drug Discovery, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, 53201
| | - Michael Rajesh Stephen
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry and the Milwaukee Institute for Drug Discovery, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, 53201
| | - Margaret L. Guthrie
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry and the Milwaukee Institute for Drug Discovery, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, 53201
| | - Michael M. Poe
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry and the Milwaukee Institute for Drug Discovery, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, 53201
| | - Benjamin D. Hartzler
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry and the Milwaukee Institute for Drug Discovery, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, 53201
| | - Ted W. Harris
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry and the Milwaukee Institute for Drug Discovery, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, 53201
| | - Gene T. Yocum
- Department of Anesthesiology, Columbia University, New York, New York, 10032
| | - Charles W. Emala
- Department of Anesthesiology, Columbia University, New York, New York, 10032
| | - Douglas A. Steeber
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, 53201
| | - Douglas C. Stafford
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry and the Milwaukee Institute for Drug Discovery, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, 53201
| | - James M. Cook
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry and the Milwaukee Institute for Drug Discovery, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, 53201
| | - Leggy A. Arnold
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry and the Milwaukee Institute for Drug Discovery, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, 53201
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Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of the study was to determine whether isoflavones affect depressive symptoms in women. METHODS Literature searches were conducted to identify clinical and epidemiologic studies that evaluated the impact of soy intake and isoflavone exposure on depressive symptoms. References from identified studies were also evaluated to identify eligible studies. RESULTS Only limited epidemiologic research has evaluated the impact of soy or isoflavone intake on depression although several studies from China and Japan did find soy product intake was inversely related to risk of depression. Often times, soy was, however, evaluated only as a component of a summative dietary pattern (eg, a "Japanese" or "Healthy" diet). Of the 20 intervention studies identified, roughly half found statistically significant reductions in depressive symptoms in response to isoflavones although several had design weakness. Of those studies reporting a lack of antidepressant effects of isoflavones, design limitations likely contributed to the lack of efficacy. In all but two trials, assessment of depression was, however, a secondary outcome. It is notable that both trials in which depression was a primary outcome found isoflavones significantly improved symptoms. CONCLUSIONS Although the data are inconsistent and limited, the clinical and epidemiologic evidence suggests that isoflavones may offer a safe, well-tolerated option for management of depression. Furthermore, the intervention doses used in the clinical studies fall well within the dietary range. The extant literature reveals key design features for future studies, which based upon the results of this review, are clearly warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark Messina
- 1Nutrition Matters, Inc, Pittsfield, MA 2University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI
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Chen PJ, Wang YL, Kuo LM, Lin CF, Chen CY, Tsai YF, Shen JJ, Hwang TL. Honokiol suppresses TNF-α-induced neutrophil adhesion on cerebral endothelial cells by disrupting polyubiquitination and degradation of IκBα. Sci Rep 2016; 6:26554. [PMID: 27212040 PMCID: PMC4876378 DOI: 10.1038/srep26554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2015] [Accepted: 05/05/2016] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Adhesion molecules expressed on cerebral endothelial cells (ECs) mediate leukocyte recruitment and play a significant role in cerebral inflammation. Increased levels of adhesion molecules on the EC surface induce leukocyte infiltration into inflammatory areas and are thus hallmarkers of inflammation. Honokiol, isolated from the Chinese medicinal herb Magnolia officinalis, has various pharmacological activities, including anti-inflammatory effects, yet the nature of honokiol targeting molecules remains to be revealed. Here, we investigated the inhibitory effect of honokiol on neutrophil adhesion and vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1) expression, which underlie its molecular target, and mechanisms for inactivating nuclear factor κ enhancer binding protein (NF-κB) in mouse cerebral ECs. Honokiol inhibited tumour necrosis factor-α (TNF-α)-induced neutrophil adhesion and VCAM-1 gene expression in cerebral ECs. The inflammatory transcription factor NF-κB was downregulated by honokiol. Honokiol significantly blocked TNF-α-induced NF-κB p65 nuclear translocation and degradation of the proteasome-dependent inhibitor of NF-κB α (IκBα). From docking model prediction, honokiol directly targeted the ubiquitin-ubiquitin interface of Lys48-linked polychains. Moreover, honokiol prevented the TNF-α-induced Lys48-linked polyubiquitination, including IκBα-polyubiquitin interaction. Honokiol has protective anti-inflammatory effects on TNF-α-induced neutrophil adhesion and VCAM-1 gene expression in cerebral ECs, at least in part by directly inhibiting ubiquitination-mediated IκBα degradation and then preventing NF-κB nuclear translocation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Po-Jen Chen
- Graduate Institute of Natural Products, School of Traditional Medicine, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan.,Chinese Herbal Medicine Research Team, Healthy Aging Research Center, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Ling Wang
- Graduate Institute of Natural Products, School of Traditional Medicine, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan.,Chinese Herbal Medicine Research Team, Healthy Aging Research Center, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan
| | - Liang-Mou Kuo
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan.,Department of General Surgery, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chiayi 613, Taiwan
| | - Chwan-Fwu Lin
- Research Center for Industry of Human Ecology and Graduate Institute of Health Industry Technology, Chang Gung University of Science and Technology, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Yu Chen
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan.,Department of Anaesthesiology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan
| | - Yung-Fong Tsai
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan.,Department of Anaesthesiology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan
| | - Jiann-Jong Shen
- Graduate Institute of Natural Products, School of Traditional Medicine, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan.,Chinese Herbal Medicine Research Team, Healthy Aging Research Center, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan
| | - Tsong-Long Hwang
- Graduate Institute of Natural Products, School of Traditional Medicine, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan.,Chinese Herbal Medicine Research Team, Healthy Aging Research Center, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan.,Research Center for Industry of Human Ecology and Graduate Institute of Health Industry Technology, Chang Gung University of Science and Technology, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan.,Department of Anaesthesiology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan
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13
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Schepetkin IA, Khlebnikov AI, Kirpotina LN, Quinn MT. Antagonism of human formyl peptide receptor 1 with natural compounds and their synthetic derivatives. Int Immunopharmacol 2015; 37:43-58. [PMID: 26382576 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2015.08.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2015] [Revised: 08/25/2015] [Accepted: 08/28/2015] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Formyl peptide receptor 1 (FPR1) regulates a wide variety of neutrophil functional responses and plays an important role in inflammation and the pathogenesis of various diseases. To date, a variety of natural and synthetic molecules have been identified as FPR1 ligands. Here, we review current knowledge on natural products and natural product-inspired small molecules reported to antagonize and/or inhibit the FPR1-mediated responses. Based on this literature, additional screening of selected commercially available natural compounds for their ability to inhibit fMLF-induced Ca(2+) mobilization in human neutrophils and FPR1 transfected HL-60 cells, and pharmacophore modeling, natural products with potential as FPR1 antagonists are considered and discussed in this review. The identification and characterization of natural products that antagonize FPR1 activity may have potential for the development of novel therapeutics to limit or alter the outcome of inflammatory processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Igor A Schepetkin
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT 59717, United States
| | - Andrei I Khlebnikov
- Department of Biotechnology and Organic Chemistry, Tomsk Polytechnic University, Tomsk 634050, Russia; Department of Chemistry, Altai State Technical University, Barnaul, Russia
| | - Liliya N Kirpotina
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT 59717, United States
| | - Mark T Quinn
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT 59717, United States.
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14
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Bernaskova M, Schoeffmann A, Schuehly W, Hufner A, Baburin I, Hering S. Nitrogenated honokiol derivatives allosterically modulate GABAA receptors and act as strong partial agonists. Bioorg Med Chem 2015; 23:6757-62. [PMID: 26410663 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2015.08.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2015] [Revised: 08/06/2015] [Accepted: 08/25/2015] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
In traditional Asian medicinal systems, preparations of the root and stem bark of Magnolia species are widely used to treat anxiety and other nervous disturbances. The biphenyl-type neolignan honokiol together with its isomer magnolol are the main constituents of Magnolia bark extracts. We have previously identified a nitrogen-containing honokiol derivative (3-acetylamino-4'-O-methylhonokiol, AMH) as a high efficient modulator of GABAA receptors. Here we further elucidate the structure-activity relation of a series of nitrogenated biphenyl-neolignan derivatives by analysing allosteric modulation and agonistic effects on α1β2γ2S GABAA receptors. The strongest IGABA enhancement was induced by compound 5 (3-acetamido-4'-ethoxy-3',5-dipropylbiphenyl-2-ol, Emax: 123.4±9.4% of IGABA-max) and 6 (5'-amino-2-ethoxy-3',5-dipropylbiphenyl-4'-ol, Emax: 117.7±13.5% of IGABA-max). Compound 5 displayed, however, a significantly higher potency (EC50=1.8±1.1 μM) than compound 6 (EC50=20.4±4.3 μM). Honokiol, AMH and four of the derivatives induced significant inward currents in the absence of GABA. Strong partial agonists were honokiol (inducing 78±6% of IGABA-max), AMH (63±6%), 5'-amino-2-O-methylhonokiol (1) (59±1%) and 2-methoxy-5'-nitro-3',5-dipropylbiphenyl-4'-ol (3) (52±1%). 3-N-Acetylamino-4'-ethoxy-3',5-dipropyl-biphenyl-4'-ol (5) and 3-amino-4'-ethoxy-3',5-dipropyl-biphenyl-4'-ol (7) were less efficacious but even more potent (5: EC50=6.9±1.0 μM; 7: EC50=33.2±5.1 μM) than the full agonist GABA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marketa Bernaskova
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Graz, Schubertstrasse 1, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Angela Schoeffmann
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Vienna, Althanstrasse 14, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Wolfgang Schuehly
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Pharmacognosy, University of Graz, Universitätsplatz 4, 8010 Graz, Austria; Institute of Zoology, University of Graz, Universitätsplatz 2, 8010 Graz, Austria.
| | - Antje Hufner
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Graz, Schubertstrasse 1, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Igor Baburin
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Vienna, Althanstrasse 14, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Steffen Hering
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Vienna, Althanstrasse 14, 1090 Vienna, Austria
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15
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Akagi M, Matsui N, Akae H, Hirashima N, Fukuishi N, Fukuyama Y, Akagi R. Nonpeptide neurotrophic agents useful in the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's disease. J Pharmacol Sci 2015; 127:155-63. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphs.2014.12.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2014] [Revised: 12/12/2014] [Accepted: 12/24/2014] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
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Li H, Liu X, Zhu Y, Liu Y, Wang Y. Magnolol derivative 002C-3 protects brain against ischemia-reperfusion injury via inhibiting apoptosis and autophagy. Neurosci Lett 2015; 588:178-83. [PMID: 25575794 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2015.01.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2014] [Revised: 01/02/2015] [Accepted: 01/05/2015] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Neuroprotective agents can rescue ischemic penumbra in cerebral ischemia. However, the clinically effective neuroprotective agents for cerebral ischemic injury remain deficient in clinic so far. This study was undertaken to investigate the brain protective effect of 002C-3 and its potential mechanisms in rats, and its preliminary toxicity in mice. A transient middle cerebral artery occlusion (tMCAO) model in rats was used to evaluate its effect and mechanism, a dose limited experiment was used to evaluate its preliminary toxicity. 10-50μg/kg of 002C-3 (single iv bolus after reperfusion) significantly reduced neurological scores, infarct volumes and brain water contents, and the effect was more potent than that of magnolol under the same mole dose; 50μg/kg of 002C-3 significantly decreased the number of TUNEL-positive cells, reduced the activity of caspase-3, and lowered the autophagy-related proteins LC3-II and Beclin-1 level in I-R cerebral tissue. At 1000 times' dose of high effective dose (ip) 002C-3 failed to show evident toxicity in mice, and the mean body weight of mice treated with 002C-3 was almost the same as that of the vehicle control, but magnolol caused evident toxicity and death. In conclusion, 002C-3 has significant protective effect against cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury; the effect is more potent than magnolol; this effect is maybe associated with its inhibition of both apoptosis and autophagy; its toxicity is greatly reduced compared to magnolol. These results provided data for its further research and development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongfei Li
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Xiaoyan Liu
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Yuanjun Zhu
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Ye Liu
- Beijing Honghui New Medical Technology Co., Ltd. Beijing Daxing Biological Medicine Industry Base, Beijing 102600, China
| | - Yinye Wang
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing 100191, China.
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17
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Zhang C, Mao X, Zhao X, Liu Z, Liu B, Li H, Bi K, Jia Y. Gomisin N isolated from Schisandra chinensis augments pentobarbital-induced sleep behaviors through the modification of the serotonergic and GABAergic system. Fitoterapia 2014; 96:123-30. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fitote.2014.04.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2014] [Revised: 04/21/2014] [Accepted: 04/22/2014] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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18
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Baur R, Schuehly W, Sigel E. Moderate concentrations of 4-O-methylhonokiol potentiate GABAA receptor currents stronger than honokiol. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2014; 1840:3017-21. [PMID: 24973566 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2014.06.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2014] [Revised: 06/18/2014] [Accepted: 06/19/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Magnolia bark preparations from Magnolia officinalis of Asian medicinal systems are known for their muscle relaxant effect and anticonvulsant activity. These CNS related effects are ascribed to the presence of the biphenyl-type neolignans honokiol and magnolol that exert a potentiating effect on GABAA receptors. 4-O-methylhonokiol isolated from seeds of the North-American M. grandiflora was compared to honokiol for its activity to potentiate GABAA receptors and its GABAA receptor subtype-specificity was established. METHODS Different recombinant GABAA receptors were functionally expressed in Xenopus oocytes and electrophysiological techniques were used determine to their modulation by 4-O-methylhonokiol. RESULTS 3μM 4-O-methylhonokiol is shown here to potentiate responses of the α₁β₂γ₂ GABAA receptor about 20-fold stronger than the same concentration of honokiol. In the present study potentiation by 4-O-methylhonokiol is also detailed for 12 GABAA receptor subtypes to assess GABAA receptor subunits that are responsible for the potentiating effect. CONCLUSION The much higher potentiation of GABAA receptors at identical concentrations of 4-O-methylhonokiol as compared to honokiol parallels previous observations made in other systems of potentiated pharmacological activity of 4-O-methylhonokiol over honokiol. GENERAL SIGNIFICANCE The results point to the use of 4-O-methylhonokiol as a lead for GABAA receptor potentiation and corroborate the use of M. grandiflora seeds against convulsions in Mexican folk medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roland Baur
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of Bern, Bühlstr. 28, CH-3012 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Wolfgang Schuehly
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Pharmacognosy, Karl-Franzens-University, Universitätsplatz 4, 8010 Graz, Austria.
| | - Erwin Sigel
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of Bern, Bühlstr. 28, CH-3012 Bern, Switzerland
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19
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Woodbury A, Yu SP, Wei L, García P. Neuro-modulating effects of honokiol: a review. Front Neurol 2013; 4:130. [PMID: 24062717 PMCID: PMC3769637 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2013.00130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2013] [Accepted: 08/26/2013] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Honokiol is a poly-phenolic compound that exerts neuroprotective properties through a variety of mechanisms. It has therapeutic potential in anxiety, pain, cerebrovascular injury, epilepsy, and cognitive disorders including Alzheimer’s disease. It has been traditionally used in medical practices throughout much of Southeast Asia, but has now become more widely studied due to its pleiotropic effects. Most current research regarding this compound has focused on its chemotherapeutic properties. However, it has the potential to be an effective neuroprotective agent as well. This review summarizes what is currently known regarding the mechanisms involved in the neuroprotective and anesthetic effects of this compound and identifies potential areas for further research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Woodbury
- Department of Anesthesiology, Emory University , Atlanta, GA , USA
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Guerra-Araiza C, Álvarez-Mejía AL, Sánchez-Torres S, Farfan-García E, Mondragón-Lozano R, Pinto-Almazán R, Salgado-Ceballos H. Effect of natural exogenous antioxidants on aging and on neurodegenerative diseases. Free Radic Res 2013; 47:451-62. [DOI: 10.3109/10715762.2013.795649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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21
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Ho JHC, Hong CY. Cardiovascular protection of magnolol: cell-type specificity and dose-related effects. J Biomed Sci 2012; 19:70. [PMID: 22849814 PMCID: PMC3418199 DOI: 10.1186/1423-0127-19-70] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2012] [Accepted: 06/26/2012] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Magnolia officinalis has been widely used in traditional Chinese medicine. Magnolol, an active component isolated from Magnolia officinalis, is known to be a cardiovascular protector since 1994. The multiplex mechanisms of magnolol on cardiovascular protection depends on cell types and dosages, and will be reviewed and discussed in this article. Magnolol under low and moderate dosage possesses the ability to protect heart from ischemic/reperfusion injury, reduces atherosclerotic change, protects endothelial cell against apoptosis and inhibits neutrophil-endothelial adhesion. The moderate to high concentration of magnolol mainly acts on smooth muscle cells and platelets. Magnolol induces apoptosis in vascular smooth muscle cells at moderate concentration and inhibits proliferation at moderate and high concentration. High concentration of magnolol also abrogates platelet activation, aggregation and thrombus formation. Magnolol also serves as an smooth muscle relaxant only upon the high concentration. Oral intake of magnolol to reach the therapeutic level for cardiovascular protection is applicable, thus makes magnolol an agent of great potential for preventing cardiovascular diseases in high-risk patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer Hui-Chun Ho
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
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22
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Chen CR, Zhou XZ, Luo YJ, Huang ZL, Urade Y, Qu WM. Magnolol, a major bioactive constituent of the bark of Magnolia officinalis, induces sleep via the benzodiazepine site of GABA(A) receptor in mice. Neuropharmacology 2012; 63:1191-9. [PMID: 22771461 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2012.06.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2012] [Revised: 06/13/2012] [Accepted: 06/14/2012] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Magnolol (6,6',7,12-tetramethoxy-2,2'-dimethyl-1-beta-berbaman, C(18)H(18)O(2)), an active ingredient of the bark of Magnolia officinalis, has been reported to exert potent anti-epileptic effects via the GABA(A) receptor. The receptor also mediates sleep in humans and animals. The aim of this study was to determine whether magnolol could modulate sleep behaviors by recording EEG and electromyogram in mice. The results showed that magnolol administered i.p. at a dose of 5 or 25 mg/kg could significantly shorten the sleep latency, increase the amount of non-rapid eye movement (non-REM, NREM) and rapid eye movement (REM) sleep for 3 h after administration with an increase in the number of NREM and REM sleep episodes. Magnolol at doses of 5 and 25 mg/kg increased the number of bouts of wakefulness but decreased their duration. On the other hand, magnolol increased the number of state transitions from wakefulness to NREM sleep and subsequently from NREM sleep to wakefulness. Immunohistochemical study showed that magnolol increased c-Fos expression in the neurons of ventrolateral preoptic area, a sleep center in the anterior hypothalamus, and decreased c-Fos expression in the arousal tuberomammillary nucleus, which was located in the caudolateral hypothalamus. The sleep-promoting effects and changes in c-Fos induced by magnolol were reversed by flumazenil, an antagonist at the benzodiazepine site of the GABA(A) receptor. These results indicate that magnolol increased NREM and REM sleep via the GABA(A) receptor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang-Rui Chen
- Department of Pharmacology, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, PR China
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23
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Ellis LD, Soanes KH. A larval zebrafish model of bipolar disorder as a screening platform for neuro-therapeutics. Behav Brain Res 2012; 233:450-7. [PMID: 22677277 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2012.05.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2012] [Revised: 05/24/2012] [Accepted: 05/25/2012] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Modelling neurological diseases has proven extraordinarily difficult due to the phenotypic complexity of each disorder. The zebrafish has become a useful model system with which to study abnormal neurological and behavioural activity and holds promise as a model of human disease. While most of the disease modelling using zebrafish has made use of adults, larvae hold tremendous promise for the high-throughput screening of potential therapeutics. The further development of larval disease models will strengthen their ability to contribute to the drug screening process. Here we have used zebrafish larvae to model the symptoms of bipolar disorder by treating larvae with sub-convulsive concentrations of the GABA antagonist pentylenetetrazol (PTZ). A number of therapeutics that act on different targets, in addition to those that have been used to treat bipolar disorder, were tested against this model to assess its predictive value. Carbamazepine, valproic acid, baclofen and honokiol, were found to oppose various aspects of the PTZ-induced changes in activity. Lidocaine and haloperidol exacerbated the PTZ-induced activity changes and sulpiride had no effect. By comparing the degree of phenotypic rescue with the mechanism of action of each therapeutic we have shown that the low-concentration PTZ model can produce a number of intermediate phenotypes that model symptoms of bipolar disorder, may be useful in modelling other disease states, and will help predict the efficacy of novel therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lee David Ellis
- National Research Council of Canada, Aquatic and Crop Resource Development, 1411 Oxford Street, Halifax, Nova Scotia B3H 3Z1, Canada
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24
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Alexeev M, Grosenbaugh DK, Mott DD, Fisher JL. The natural products magnolol and honokiol are positive allosteric modulators of both synaptic and extra-synaptic GABA(A) receptors. Neuropharmacology 2012; 62:2507-14. [PMID: 22445602 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2012.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2012] [Accepted: 03/01/2012] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The National Center for Complementary and Alternative Medicine (NCCAM) estimates that nearly 40% of adults in the United States use alternative medicines, often in the form of an herbal supplement. Extracts from the tree bark of magnolia species have been used for centuries in traditional Chinese and Japanese medicines to treat a variety of neurological diseases, including anxiety, depression, and seizures. The active ingredients in the extracts have been identified as the bi-phenolic isomers magnolol and honokiol. These compounds were shown to enhance the activity of GABA(A) receptors, consistent with their biological effects. The GABA(A) receptors exhibit substantial subunit heterogeneity, which influences both their functional and pharmacological properties. We examined the activity of magnolol and honokiol at different populations of both neuronal and recombinant GABA(A) receptors to characterize their mechanism of action and to determine whether sensitivity to modulation was dependent upon the receptor's subunit composition. We found that magnolol and honokiol enhanced both phasic and tonic GABAergic neurotransmission in hippocampal dentate granule neurons. In addition, all recombinant receptors examined were sensitive to modulation, regardless of the identity of the α, β, or γ subunit subtype, although the compounds showed particularly high efficacy at δ-containing receptors. This direct positive modulation of both synaptic and extra-synaptic populations of GABA(A) receptors suggests that supplements containing magnolol and/or honokiol would be effective anxiolytics, sedatives, and anti-convulsants. However, significant side-effects and risk of drug interactions would also be expected.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mikhail Alexeev
- Honors College, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC 29208, USA
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25
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Chen CR, Tan R, Qu WM, Wu Z, Wang Y, Urade Y, Huang ZL. Magnolol, a major bioactive constituent of the bark of Magnolia officinalis, exerts antiepileptic effects via the GABA/benzodiazepine receptor complex in mice. Br J Pharmacol 2012; 164:1534-46. [PMID: 21518336 DOI: 10.1111/j.1476-5381.2011.01456.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE The aim of this study was to evaluate the anti-convulsant effects of magnolol (6, 6', 7, 12-tetramethoxy-2, 2'-dimethyl-1-β-berbaman, C18H18O2) and the mechanisms involved. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH Mice were treated with magnolol (20, 40 and 80 mg·kg(-1)) 30 min before injection with pentylenetetrazol (PTZ, 60 mg·kg(-1), i.p.). The anti-seizure effects of magnolol were analysed using seizure models of behaviour, EEG and in vitro electrophysiology and c-Fos expression in the hippocampus and cortex. KEY RESULTS Magnolol at doses of 40 and 80 mg·kg(-1) significantly delayed the onset of myoclonic jerks and generalized clonic seizures, and decreased the seizure stage and mortality compared with those of the vehicle-treated animals. EEG recordings showed that magnolol (40 and 80 mg·kg(-1)) prolonged the latency of seizure onset and decreased the number of seizure spikes. The anti-epileptic effect of magnolol was reversed by the GABA(A)/benzodiazepine receptor antagonist flumazenil. Pretreatment with flumazenil decreased the effects of magnolol on prolongation of seizure latency and decline of seizure stage. In a Mg(2+)-free model of epileptiform activity, using multi-electrode array recordings in mouse hippocampal slices, magnolol decreased spontaneous epileptiform discharges. Magnolol also significantly decreased seizure-induced Fos immunoreactivity in the piriform cortex, dentate gyrus and hippocampal area CA1. These effects were attenuated by pretreatment with flumazenil. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS These findings indicate that the inhibitory effects of magnolol on epileptiform activity were mediated by the GABA(A) /benzodiazepine receptor complex.
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Affiliation(s)
- C R Chen
- Department of Pharmacology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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26
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Kotani H, Tanabe H, Mizukami H, Amagaya S, Inoue M. A Naturally Occurring Rexinoid, Honokiol, Can Serve as a Regulator of Various Retinoid X Receptor Heterodimers. Biol Pharm Bull 2012; 35:1-9. [DOI: 10.1248/bpb.35.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hitoshi Kotani
- Laboratory of Medicinal Resources, School of Pharmacy, Aichi Gakuin University
- Laboratory of Pharmacognosy, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya City University
| | - Hiroki Tanabe
- Laboratory of Medicinal Resources, School of Pharmacy, Aichi Gakuin University
| | - Hajime Mizukami
- Laboratory of Pharmacognosy, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya City University
| | - Sakae Amagaya
- Department of Kampo Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nihon Pharmaceutical University
| | - Makoto Inoue
- Laboratory of Medicinal Resources, School of Pharmacy, Aichi Gakuin University
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Zaugg J, Ebrahimi SN, Smiesko M, Baburin I, Hering S, Hamburger M. Identification of GABA A receptor modulators in Kadsura longipedunculata and assignment of absolute configurations by quantum-chemical ECD calculations. PHYTOCHEMISTRY 2011; 72:2385-2395. [PMID: 21889177 PMCID: PMC3201904 DOI: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2011.08.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2011] [Revised: 07/14/2011] [Accepted: 08/04/2011] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
A petroleum ether extract of Kadsura longipedunculata enhanced the GABA-induced chloride current (I(GABA)) by 122.5±0.3% (n=2) when tested at 100 μg/ml in Xenopuslaevis oocytes expressing GABA A receptors (α(1)β(2)γ(2S) subtype) in two-microelectrode voltage clamp measurements. Thirteen compounds were subsequently identified by HPLC-based activity profiling as responsible for GABA A receptor activity and purified in preparative scale. 6-Cinnamoyl-6,7-dihydro-7-myrceneol and 5,6-dihydrocuparenic acid were thereby isolated for the first time. The determination of the absolute stereochemistry of these compounds was achieved by comparison of experimental and calculated ECD spectra. All but one of the 13 isolated compounds from K. longipedunculata potentiated I(GABA) through GABA A receptors composed of α(1)β(2)γ(2S) subunits in a concentration-dependent manner. Potencies ranged from 12.8±3.1 to 135.6±85.7 μM, and efficiencies ranged from 129.7±36.8% to 885.8±291.2%. The phytochemical profiles of petroleum ether extracts of Kadsura japonica fruits (114.1±2.6% potentiation of I(GABA) at 100 μg/ml, n=2), and Schisandra chinensis fruits (inactive at 100 μg/ml) were compared by HPLC-PDA-ESIMS with that of K. longipedunculata.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janine Zaugg
- Division of Pharmaceutical Biology, University of Basel, Klingelbergstrasse 50, 4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Samad Nejad Ebrahimi
- Division of Pharmaceutical Biology, University of Basel, Klingelbergstrasse 50, 4056 Basel, Switzerland
- Departement of Phytochemistry, Medicinal Plant and Drugs Research Institute, Shahid Beheshti University, G.C., Tehran, Iran
| | - Martin Smiesko
- Division of Molecular Modeling, University of Basel, Klingelbergstrasse 50, 4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Igor Baburin
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Vienna, Althanstrasse 14, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Steffen Hering
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Vienna, Althanstrasse 14, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Matthias Hamburger
- Division of Pharmaceutical Biology, University of Basel, Klingelbergstrasse 50, 4056 Basel, Switzerland
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Chen YH, Huang PH, Lin FY, Chen WC, Chen YL, Yin WH, Man KM, Liu PL. Magnolol: A multifunctional compound isolated from the Chinese medicinal plant Magnolia officinalis. Eur J Integr Med 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eujim.2011.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Taferner B, Schuehly W, Huefner A, Baburin I, Wiesner K, Ecker GF, Hering S. Modulation of GABAA-receptors by honokiol and derivatives: subtype selectivity and structure-activity relationship. J Med Chem 2011; 54:5349-61. [PMID: 21699169 DOI: 10.1021/jm200186n] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
A series of 31 analogues of the neolignan honokiol (a major constituent of Magnolia officinalis) was synthesized, and their effects on GABA(A) receptors expressed in Xenopus oocytes were investigated. Honokiol enhanced chloride currents (I(GABA)) through GABA(A) receptors of seven different subunit compositions with EC(50) values ranging from 23.4 μM (α(5)β(2)) to 59.6 μM (α(1)β(3)). Honokiol was most efficient on α(3)β(2) (maximal I(GABA) enhancement 2386%) > α(2)β(2) (1130%) > α(1)β(2) (1034%) > α(1)β(1) (260%)). On α(1)β(2)-receptors, N-substituted compounds were most active with 3-acetylamino-4'-O-methylhonokiol (31), enhancing I(GABA) by 2601% (EC(50) (α(1)β(2)) = 3.8 μM). Pharmacophore modeling gave a model with an overall classification accuracy of 91% showing three hydrophobic regions, one acceptor and one donor region. Unlike honokiol, 31 was most efficient on α(2)β(2)- (5204%) > α(3)β(2)- (3671%) > α(1)β(2)-receptors (2601%), suggesting a role of the acetamido group in subunit-dependent receptor modulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Taferner
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
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Ma H, Kim CS, Ma Y, Nam SY, Kim DS, Woo SS, Hong JT, Oh KW. Magnolol enhances pentobarbital-induced sleeping behaviors: possible involvement of GABAergic systems. Phytother Res 2011; 23:1340-4. [PMID: 19165750 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.2773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
This study was performed to investigate whether magnolol enhances pentobarbital-induced sleeping behaviors through the GABAergic systems. Magnolol prolonged the sleeping time induced by pentobarbital. In addition, magnolol increased chloride influx in primary cultured cerebellar granule cells. The expression of the GABA(A) receptor alpha-subunit was increased selectively by magnolol, but magnolol had no effect on the abundance of beta- or gamma-subunits. The expression of glutamic acid decarboxylase (GAD) was not influenced by magnolol. It is suggested that magnolol may enhance pentobarbital-induced sleeping behaviors through the activation of GABAergic systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Ma
- College of Pharmacy, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, 361-763, Korea
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Munroe ME, Businga TR, Kline JN, Bishop GA. Anti-inflammatory effects of the neurotransmitter agonist Honokiol in a mouse model of allergic asthma. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2010; 185:5586-97. [PMID: 20889543 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1000630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Chronic airway inflammation is a hallmark of asthma, an immune-based disease with great societal impact. Honokiol (HNK), a phenolic neurotransmitter receptor (γ-aminobutyric acid type A) agonist purified from magnolia, has anti-inflammatory properties, including stabilization of inflammation in experimentally induced arthritis. The present study tested the prediction that HNK could inhibit the chronic inflammatory component of allergic asthma. C57BL/6 mice sensitized to and challenged with OVA had increased airway hyperresponsiveness to methacholine challenge and eosinophilia compared with naive controls. HNK-treated mice showed a reduction in airway hyperresponsiveness as well as a significant decrease in lung eosinophilia. Histopathology studies revealed a marked drop in lung inflammation, goblet cell hyperplasia, and collagen deposition with HNK treatment. Ag recall responses from HNK-treated mice showed decreased proinflammatory cytokines in response to OVA, including TNF-α-, IL-6-, Th1-, and Th17-type cytokines, despite an increase in Th2-type cytokines. Regulatory cytokines IL-10 and TGF-β were also increased. Assessment of lung homogenates revealed a similar pattern of cytokines, with a noted increase in the number of FoxP3(+) cells in the lung. HNK was able to alter B and T lymphocyte cytokine secretion in a γ-aminobutyric acid type A-dependent manner. These results indicate that symptoms and pathology of asthma can be alleviated even in the presence of increased Th2 cytokines and that neurotransmitter agonists such as HNK have promise as a novel class of anti-inflammatory agents in the treatment of chronic asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melissa E Munroe
- Department of Microbiology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
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Nakazawa T, Yasuda T, Ohsawa K. Metabolites of orally administered Magnolia officinalis extract in rats and man and its antidepressant-like effects in mice. J Pharm Pharmacol 2010; 55:1583-91. [PMID: 14713371 DOI: 10.1211/0022357022188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
As a part of our search for the active metabolite from the bark of Magnolia officinalis (Magnoliaceae), the aqueous extract was orally administered to rats, and metabolites in the urine were analysed by a high-performance liquid chromatograph equipped with a photodiode array detector. When the extract was given to rats, five metabolites (sinapic acid-4-O-sulfate (1), sinapic acid-4-O-β-glucuronide (2), sinapic acid (3), 3-[2′,6-dihydroxy-5′-(2-propenyl)[1,1′-biphenyl]-3-yl]-(E)-2-propenoic acid (4), and an unchanged form, magnolol (5)) were detected in the urine. It was revealed that metabolites 1–3 and 4 were respectively derived from syringin and magnolol contained in the extract. In a human urine sample, metabolites 3–5 and dihydroxydihydromagnolol (6) were detected. These structures were identified by a combination of spectral methods and/or by comparison with authentic compounds obtained by synthesis. Among these free form metabolites (3–6), acute treatments with magnolol and dihydroxydihydromagnolol (50–100 mg kg−1, i.p.) attenuated the forced swim-induced experimental depression in mice. The results indicated that magnolol and dihydroxydihydromagnolol were the antidepressant constituents of Magnolia officinalis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takahiro Nakazawa
- Department of Phytochemistry, Tohoku Pharmaceutical University, 4-1 Komatsushima 4-chome, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi 981-8558, Japan
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Jaquet V, Scapozza L, Clark RA, Krause KH, Lambeth JD. Small-molecule NOX inhibitors: ROS-generating NADPH oxidases as therapeutic targets. Antioxid Redox Signal 2009; 11:2535-52. [PMID: 19309261 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2009.2585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 206] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
NOX NADPH oxidases are electron-transporting membrane enzymes whose primary function is the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS). ROS produced by NOX enzymes show a variety of biologic functions, such as microbial killing, blood pressure regulation, and otoconia formation. Strong evidence suggests that NOX enzymes are major contributors to oxidative damage in pathologic conditions. Blocking the undesirable actions of NOX enzymes, therefore, is a therapeutic strategy for treating oxidative stress-related pathologies, such as ischemia/reperfusion tissue injury, and neurodegenerative and metabolic diseases. Most currently available NOX inhibitors have low selectivity, potency, and bioavailability, precluding a pharmacologic demonstration of NOX as therapeutic targets in vivo. This review has two main purposes. First, we describe a systematic approach that we believe should be followed in the search for truly selective NOX inhibitors. Second, we present a critical review of small-molecule NOX inhibitors described over the last two decades, including recently published patents from the pharmaceutical industry. Structures, activities, and in vitro/in vivo specificity of these NOX inhibitors are discussed. We conclude that NOX inhibition is a pertinent and promising novel pharmacologic concept, but that major efforts will be necessary to develop specific NOX inhibitors suited for clinical application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vincent Jaquet
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Centre Médical Universitaire, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Geneva, Switzerland.
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Koetter U, Barrett M, Lacher S, Abdelrahman A, Dolnick D. Interactions of Magnolia and Ziziphus extracts with selected central nervous system receptors. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2009; 124:421-425. [PMID: 19505549 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2009.05.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2008] [Revised: 04/29/2009] [Accepted: 05/28/2009] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Magnolia officinalis Rehder and Wilson [Magnoliaceae] bark and Ziziphus spinosa (Buhge) Hu ex. Chen. [Fam. Rhamnaceae] seed have a history of use in traditional Asian medicine for mild anxiety, nervousness and sleep-related problems. AIM OF THE STUDY To identify pharmacological targets, extracts of Magnolia officinalis (ME), Ziziphus spinosa (ZE), and a proprietary fixed combination (MZE) were tested for affinity with central nervous system receptors associated with relaxation and sleep. METHODS In vitro radioligand binding and cellular functional assays were conducted on: adenosine A(1), dopamine (transporter, D(1), D(2S), D(3), D(4.4) and D(5)), serotonin (transporter, 5-HT(1A), 5-HT(1B), 5-HT(4e), 5-HT(6) and 5-HT(7)) and the GABA benzodiazepine receptor. RESULTS Interactions were demonstrated with the adenosine A(1) receptor, dopamine transporter and dopamine D(5) receptor (antagonist activity), serotonin receptors (5-HT(1B) and 5-HT(6) antagonist activity) and the GABA benzodiazepine receptor at a concentration of 100 microg/ml or lower. ME had an affinity with adenosine A(1) (K(i) of 9.2+/-1.1 microg/ml) and potentiated the GABA activated chloride current at the benzodiazepine subunits of the GABA receptor (maximum effect at 50 microg/ml). ME had a modest antagonist action with 5-HT(6) and ZE with the 5-HT(1B) receptor. CONCLUSION The interactions in the receptor binding models are consistent with the traditional anxiolytic and sleep-inducing activities of Magnolia officinalis bark and Ziziphus spinosa seed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Uwe Koetter
- Dr. Koetter Consulting, Kirchhalde 19, Uttwil 8592, Switzerland
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Abstract
Honokiol is a small-molecule polyphenol isolated from the genus Magnolia. It is accompanied by other related polyphenols, including magnolol, with which it shares certain biologic properties. Recently, honokiol has been found to have antiangiogenic, antiinflammatory, and antitumor properties in preclinical models, without appreciable toxicity. These findings have increased interest in bringing honokiol to the clinic as a novel chemotherapeutic agent. In addition, mechanistic studies have tried to find the mechanism(s) of action of honokiol, for two major reasons. First, knowledge of the mechanisms of action may assist development of novel synthetic analogues. Second, mechanistic actions of honokiol may lead to rational combinations with conventional chemotherapy or radiation for enhanced response to systemic cancers. In this review, we describe the findings that honokiol has two major mechanisms of action. First, it blocks signaling in tumors with defective p53 function and activated ras by directly blocking the activation of phospholipase D by activated ras. Second, honokiol induces cyclophilin D, thus potentiating the mitochondrial permeability transition pore, and causing death in cells with wild-type p53. Knowledge of the dual activities of honokiol can assist with the development of honokiol derivatives and the design of clinical trials that will maximize the potential benefit of honokiol in the patient setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Levi E Fried
- Department of Dermatology, Emory University School of Medicine, Winship Cancer Institute, Atlanta VA Medical Center, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, USA
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Ma Y, Ma H, Jo YJ, Kim DS, Woo SS, Li R, Hong JT, Moon DC, Oh KW, Eun JS. Honokiol Potentiates Pentobarbital-Induced Sleeping Behaviors through GABAAReceptor Cl-Channel Activation. Biomol Ther (Seoul) 2008. [DOI: 10.4062/biomolther.2008.16.4.328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
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Cui HS, Huang LS, Sok DE, Shin J, Kwon BM, Youn UJ, Bae K. Protective action of honokiol, administered orally, against oxidative stress in brain of mice challenged with NMDA. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2007; 14:696-700. [PMID: 17470388 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2007.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2006] [Accepted: 07/11/2006] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Neuroprotective effect of honokiol (HK), orally administered, on oxidative damage in the brain of mice challenged with N-methyl-d-aspartic acid (NMDA) was examined. HK (1-100 mg/kg) was administered to Institute of Cancer Research (ICR) male mice through a gavage for 3 days consecutively, and on the third day, NMDA (150 mg/kg) was intraperitoneally (i.p.) administered. Administration of NMDA, causing a lethality of approximately 60%, resulted in a significant decrease of total glutathione (GSH) level and increase of thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances (TBARS) value in brain tissue. Meanwhile, oral administration of HK (> or = 3 mg/kg) for 3 days reduced the lethality (60%) in NMDA-treated group to 10% level, and alleviated the behavioral signs of NMDA neurotoxicity. Moreover, HK pretreatment restored the levels of total GSH and TBARS in the brain tissue to control levels (p<0.01). Additionally, GSH peroxidase activity in cytosolic portion of brain homogenate was also restored significantly (p<0.01), whereas GSH reductase activity was not. Separately, compared to vehicle-treated control, no significant changes in body and brain weight were observed in mice administered with HK. Based on these results, oral intake of HK is suggested to prevent oxidative stress in the brain of mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- H S Cui
- College of Pharmacy, Chungnam National University, Gung-Dong 220, Yuseong-Gu, Taejon 305-764, Korea
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Munroe ME, Arbiser JL, Bishop GA. Honokiol, a Natural Plant Product, Inhibits Inflammatory Signals and Alleviates Inflammatory Arthritis. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2007; 179:753-63. [PMID: 17617564 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.179.2.753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Honokiol (HNK), a phenolic compound isolated and purified from magnolia, has been found to have a number of pharmacologic benefits, including anti-angiogenic and anti-inflammatory properties. HNK has long been used in traditional Asian medicine without toxic side effects. We and others have extensively studied signaling to B cells by CD40 and its Epstein Barr viral mimic, latent membrane protein 1 (LMP1), which has been implicated in exacerbation of chronic autoimmune disease. We asked whether HNK could inhibit CD40 and LMP1 inflammatory signaling mechanisms. In vivo, HNK stabilized the severity of symptomatic collagen-induced arthritis in both CD40-LMP1 transgenic mice and their congenic C57BL/6 counterparts. Ex vivo studies, including collagen-specific serum Ab and Ag recall responses, as well as CD40 or LMP1-mediated activation of splenic B cells, supported the anti-inflammatory effects of HNK. In mouse B cell lines expressing the human CD40-LMP1 chimeric receptor, CD40- and LMP1-mediated NF-kappaB and AP-1 activation were abrogated in a dose-dependent manner, with a concomitant decrease in TNF-alpha and IL-6. These promising findings suggest that the nontoxic anti-inflammatory properties of HNK could be valuable for blocking the autoimmune response.
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Patočka J, Jakl J, Strunecká A. Expectations of biologically active compounds of the genus Magnolia in biomedicine. J Appl Biomed 2006. [DOI: 10.32725/jab.2006.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
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Johnston GAR, Hanrahan JR, Chebib M, Duke RK, Mewett KN. Modulation of Ionotropic GABA Receptors by Natural Products of Plant Origin. GABA 2006; 54:285-316. [PMID: 17175819 DOI: 10.1016/s1054-3589(06)54012-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
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Tse AKW, Wan CK, Shen XL, Yang M, Fong WF. Honokiol inhibits TNF-α-stimulated NF-κB activation and NF-κB-regulated gene expression through suppression of IKK activation. Biochem Pharmacol 2005; 70:1443-57. [PMID: 16181613 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2005.08.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 112] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2005] [Revised: 08/08/2005] [Accepted: 08/17/2005] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Honokiol, a small molecular weight lignan originally isolated from Magnolia officinalis, shows anti-angiogenic, anti-invasive and anti-proliferative activities in a variety of cancers. In this study, we investigated whether honokiol affects the transcription factor nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-kappaB) which controls a large number of genes involved in angiogenesis, metastasis and cell survival. We observed that the tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha)-induced NF-kappaB activation was blocked by honokiol in four different cancer cell lines as evidenced by EMSA. Honokiol did not directly affect the NF-kappaB-DNA binding. Immunoblot experiments demonstrated that honokiol inhibited the TNF-alpha-stimulated phosphorylation and degradation of the cytosolic NF-kappaB inhibitor IkappaBalpha. Furthermore, honokiol suppressed the intrinsic and TNF-alpha-stimulated upstream IkappaB kinases (IKKs) activities measured by a non-radioactive kinase assay using immunoprecipitated IKKs, suggesting a critical role of honokiol in abrogating the phosphorylation and degradation of IkappaBalpha. In a HeLa cell NF-kappaB-dependent luciferase reporter system, honokiol suppressed luciferase expression stimulated by TNF-alpha and by the transient transfection and expression of NIK (NF-kappaB-inducing kinase), wild type IKKbeta, constitutively active IKKalpha and IKKbeta, or the p65 subunit. Honokiol was also found to inhibit the nuclear translocation and phosphorylation of p65 subunit of NF-kappaB. RT-PCR results showed that honokiol suppressed NF-kappaB-regulated inflammatory and carcinogenic gene products including MMP-9, TNF-alpha, IL-8, ICAM-1 and MCP-1. In line with the observation that NF-kappaB activation may up-regulate anti-apoptotic genes, it was shown that honokiol enhanced TNF-alpha-induced apoptotic cell death. In summary, our results demonstrate that honokiol suppresses NF-kappaB activation and NF-kappaB-regulated gene expression through the inhibition of IKKs, which provides a possible mechanism for its anti-tumor actions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anfernee Kai-Wing Tse
- Bioactive Products Research Group, Department of Biology and Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, 83 Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong SAR, China
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Hamilton NM, Cooke AJ. α-Subunit selective modulators of GABAAreceptor function as CNS therapeutics. Expert Opin Ther Pat 2005. [DOI: 10.1517/13543776.12.10.1491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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Zhang ZJ. Therapeutic effects of herbal extracts and constituents in animal models of psychiatric disorders. Life Sci 2004; 75:1659-99. [PMID: 15268969 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2004.04.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 210] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2003] [Accepted: 04/07/2004] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
A search for novel pharmacotherapy from medicinal plants for psychiatric illnesses has progressed significantly in the past decade. This is reflected in the large number of herbal preparations for which psychotherapeutic potential has been evaluated in a variety of animal models. The objective of this review is to provide an overview of herbal extracts and constituents that have significant therapeutic effects in animal models of psychiatric illnesses. Eighty five individual herbs reviewed were classified as anxiolytic, antidepressant, neuroleptic, antidementia, or anti-substance abuse herbs. The full scientific name of each herb, herbal part used, active constituent, extract, dose range and route, animal model, possible mechanisms of action, and pertinent references are presented via synoptic tables. The herbal mixtures were also mentioned. A considerable number of herbal constituents whose behavioral effects and pharmacological actions have been well characterized may be good candidates for further investigations that may ultimately result in clinical use. The investigation of a large portion of the herbal extracts and herbal mixtures is in its infancy. Herbal remedies that have demonstrable psychotherapeutic activities have provided a potential to psychiatric pharmaceuticals and deserve increased attention in future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhang-Jin Zhang
- Department of Psychiatry, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD 20814, USA.
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Wang X, Wang Y, Geng Y, Li F, Zheng C. Isolation and purification of honokiol and magnolol from cortex Magnoliae officinalis by high-speed counter-current chromatography. J Chromatogr A 2004; 1036:171-5. [PMID: 15146918 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2004.02.073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
High-speed counter-current chromatography was used to isolate and purify honokiol and magnolol from cortex Magnoliae Officinalis (Magnolia officinalis Rehd. et Wils.), a plant used in the traditional Chinese medicine. A crude sample, 150 mg, was successfully separated with a two-phase solvent system composed of n-hexane-ethyl acetate-methanol-water (1:0.4:1:0.4, v/v), and the fractions were analyzed by high-performance liquid chromatography. The separation produced 80 and 45 mg of honokiol and magnolol with purities of 99.2 and 98.2%, respectively, in 2.5 h.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Wang
- College of Life Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, 18 Daizong Street, Taian, Shandong 271018, China
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Bai X, Cerimele F, Ushio-Fukai M, Waqas M, Campbell PM, Govindarajan B, Der CJ, Battle T, Frank DA, Ye K, Murad E, Dubiel W, Soff G, Arbiser JL. Honokiol, a small molecular weight natural product, inhibits angiogenesis in vitro and tumor growth in vivo. J Biol Chem 2003; 278:35501-7. [PMID: 12816951 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m302967200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 287] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Natural products comprise a major source of small molecular weight angiogenesis inhibitors. We have used the transformed endothelial cell line SVR as an effective screen of natural product extracts to isolate anti-angiogenesis and anti-tumor compounds. Aqueous extracts of Magnolia grandiflora exhibit potent activity in our SVR proliferation assays. We found that the small molecular weight compound honokiol is the active principle of magnolia extract. Honokiol exhibited potent anti-proliferative activity against SVR cells in vitro. In addition, honokiol demonstrated preferential inhibition of primary human endothelial cells compared with fibroblasts and this inhibition was antagonized by antibodies against TNF alpha-related apoptosis-inducing ligand. In vivo, honokiol was highly effective against angiosarcoma in nude mice. Our preclinical data suggests that honokiol is a systemically available and non-toxic inhibitor of angiogenesis and should be further evaluated as a potential chemotherapeutic agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xianhe Bai
- Department of Dermatology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, USA
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Zhai H, Nakade K, Mitsumoto Y, Fukuyama Y. Honokiol and magnolol induce Ca2+ mobilization in rat cortical neurons and human neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y cells. Eur J Pharmacol 2003; 474:199-204. [PMID: 12921862 DOI: 10.1016/s0014-2999(03)02075-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
We examined the intracellular Ca(2+) response in primary cultured rat cortical neurons and human neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y cells by Fluo 3 fluorescence imaging analysis. In these two kinds of neuronal cells, honokiol and magnolol increased cytoplasmic free Ca(2+) with a characteristic lag phase. The cytoplasmic free Ca(2+) increase was independent of extracellular Ca(2+), but dependent on activation of phospholipase C and inositol 1,4,5-triphosphate (IP(3)) receptors. These results suggest that honokiol and magnolol increase cytoplasmic free Ca(2+) through a phospholipase C-mediated pathway, and that the release of Ca(2+) from intracellular stores mainly contributes to the increase in cytoplasmic free Ca(2+). Thus, honokiol and magnolol may be involved in a new activation mechanism closely associated with intracellular Ca(2+) mobilization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haifeng Zhai
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokushima Bunri University, 180 Yamashiro-Cho, 770-8514 Tokushima, Japan
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47
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Fukuyama Y, Nakade K, Minoshima Y, Yokoyama R, Zhai H, Mitsumoto Y. Neurotrophic activity of honokiol on the cultures of fetal rat cortical neurons. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2002; 12:1163-6. [PMID: 11934579 DOI: 10.1016/s0960-894x(02)00112-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Honokiol, a main biphenyl neolignan of the traditional crude medicine, Magnoliae cortex, was found to show neurotrophic activity on the cultures of rat cortical neurons at concentration from 0.1 to 10 microM. In the cortical neurons cultured in serum-free medium supplemented with B27, honokiol could promote neurite outgrowth. In addition, the survival and growth of neurons were significantly enhanced by adding honokiol to the primary cultures in serum-free medium supplemented with N2. Its neurotrophic activity was comparable to 40 ng mL(-1) of bFGF at concentration of 10 microM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshiyasu Fukuyama
- Institute of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokushima Bunri University, Yamashiro-cho, 770-8514, Tokushima, Japan.
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