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Suzuki A, Tani Y, Anzai T, Isumi A, Doi S, Ogawa T, Moriyama K, Fujiwara T. Association between Short Stature at Grade 1 and Permanent Teeth Caries at Grade 6 in Elementary School Children in Japan: A Population-Based Cohort Study. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2024; 21:105. [PMID: 38248567 PMCID: PMC10815877 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph21010105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2023] [Revised: 01/14/2024] [Accepted: 01/15/2024] [Indexed: 01/23/2024]
Abstract
Short stature in children is a marker of low nutritional status and has been suggested to be associated with dental caries. However, longitudinal studies on this topic are scarce. Data from a longitudinal study of elementary school children in Adachi City, Tokyo, Japan, were analyzed. In 2015, caregivers of children at grade 1 answered questionnaires, and information on dental caries and height measured at school health checkups was merged and followed to grade 6 (N = 3576; follow up rate = 83.3%). The association between short stature at grade 1 (-2.01 standard deviation (SD)--3.00 SD, or <-3.00 SD in height-for-age according to the World Health Organization criteria) and the number of decayed, missing, or filled permanent teeth (DMFT) at grade 6 was examined using multivariable Poisson regression with robust standard error. After adjusting for confounders, children with a short stature at grade 1 had a higher DMFT number at grade 6: the mean ratios (95% confidence interval) were 1.17 (0.89-1.54) and 2.18 (1.03-4.64) for children with a height-for-age -2.01 SD--3.00 SD, and those with a height-for-age < -3.00, respectively. Short stature at grade 1 could be a marker of future dental caries in the permanent teeth at grade 6.
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Grants
- H27-Jyunkankito-ippan-002 Ministry of Health Labour and Welfare
- H29-Seisaku-Shitei-004 Ministry of Health Labour and Welfare
- 16H03276, 16K21669, 17J05974, 17K13245, 19K19310, 19K14029, 19K19309, 19K20109, 19K14172, 19J01614, 19H04879, 20K13945, and 21H04848 Japan Society for the Promotion of Science
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayako Suzuki
- Department of Maxillofacial Orthognathics, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo 113-8519, Japan; (A.S.); (T.O.); (K.M.)
| | - Yukako Tani
- Department of Global Health Promotion, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo 113-8519, Japan;
| | - Tatsuhiko Anzai
- Department of Biostatistics, M&D Data Science Center, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo 113-8519, Japan;
| | - Aya Isumi
- Department of Health Policy, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo 113-8519, Japan; (A.I.); (S.D.)
| | - Satomi Doi
- Department of Health Policy, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo 113-8519, Japan; (A.I.); (S.D.)
| | - Takuya Ogawa
- Department of Maxillofacial Orthognathics, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo 113-8519, Japan; (A.S.); (T.O.); (K.M.)
| | - Keiji Moriyama
- Department of Maxillofacial Orthognathics, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo 113-8519, Japan; (A.S.); (T.O.); (K.M.)
| | - Takeo Fujiwara
- Department of Global Health Promotion, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo 113-8519, Japan;
- Department of International Health, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA
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Kapil D, Saraf BG, Sheoran N, Srivastava P, Singh S, Singh R. To Assess the Prevalence of Dental Caries and Its Association with Body Mass Index, Socioeconomic Status, Dietary Habits, and Oral Hygiene among 6-12-year-old Children in Faridabad. Int J Clin Pediatr Dent 2023; 16:626-632. [PMID: 37731802 PMCID: PMC10507296 DOI: 10.5005/jp-journals-10005-2637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Aim The aim of our study was to assess the prevalence of dental caries and the body mass index (BMI) in included school-going children. Moreover, to examine the relationship between the prevalence of dental caries, BMI, and socioeconomic (SES) status and to evaluate sugar consumption and other dietary habits as risk factors for dental caries. Materials and methods The present cross-sectional study was performed among 400 school-going children aged 6-12 years from Faridabad city, Haryana. Parents filled out questionnaires for their respective children. The clinical examination of dental caries was performed according to World Health Organization (WHO) 1997. The BMI calculation was done by measuring height and weight. Statistical analysis The collected data were analyzed statistically using parametric and nonparametric tests. Results The prevalence of dental caries in deciduous teeth was 95.5% and in permanent teeth was 47.3%, respectively. Conclusion This study displayed the positive correlation of dental caries to BMI, oral hygiene practices, beverages, aerated drinks, chips, candy, and tea/coffee. Whereas the SES status and dietary habits Jam group variable had no significance in relation to dental caries. How to cite this article Kapil D, Saraf BG, Sheoran N, et al. To Assess the Prevalence of Dental Caries and Its Association with Body Mass Index, Socioeconomic Status, Dietary Habits, and Oral Hygiene among 6-12-year-old Children in Faridabad. Int J Clin Pediatr Dent 2023;16(4):626-632.
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Affiliation(s)
- Disha Kapil
- Department of Pedodontics & Preventive Dentistry, Sudha Rustagi College of Dental Sciences & Research, Faridabad, Haryana, India
| | - Bhavna G Saraf
- Department of Pedodontics & Preventive Dentistry, Sudha Rustagi College of Dental Sciences & Research, Faridabad, Haryana, India
| | - Neha Sheoran
- Department of Pedodontics & Preventive Dentistry, Sudha Rustagi College of Dental Sciences & Research, Faridabad, Haryana, India
| | - Pooja Srivastava
- Department of Pedodontics & Preventive Dentistry, Sudha Rustagi College of Dental Sciences & Research, Faridabad, Haryana, India
| | - Shivani Singh
- Department of Pedodontics & Preventive Dentistry, Sudha Rustagi College of Dental Sciences & Research, Faridabad, Haryana, India
| | - Ritu Singh
- Department of Pedodontics & Preventive Dentistry, Sudha Rustagi College of Dental Sciences & Research, Faridabad, Haryana, India
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Sudersanadas K, Al Turki M, Basheer B, Philip W, Abdelrahman IH, Alghofaili A, Almoubayed A, Almudaihim AR. Long-term incompatibility of nutritional status and early childhood caries-A call to revamp perinatal and early childhood dietary care and follow-up. AIMS Public Health 2023; 10:496-506. [PMID: 37842267 PMCID: PMC10567972 DOI: 10.3934/publichealth.2023035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2023] [Revised: 05/18/2023] [Accepted: 05/24/2023] [Indexed: 10/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Background and aim Dietary pattern and diet quality can influence the incidence of dental caries and can be indicated by decay missing filled (Dmf) scores in the primary dentition. This study aims to find the relationship of nutritional status and oral hygiene practices on Dmf scores of preschool children. Materials and methods Semi-structured and self-administered questionnaires, distributed among 60 preschoolers' parents, were used to assess the demographic and diet related data. Anthropometric measurements of the preschoolers were taken following universally accepted protocols. The relationship between dietary supplement consumption and the presence of dental caries was evaluated by chi-square test employing SPSS 22. Results The anthropometric measurements among 4-year-old children were on par with the standard values and that of 5-year-olds were below the reference range. All the measurements except head to chest circumference were higher than normal range among 3-year-old subjects. Regular and periodic dental check-ups significantly influenced dental caries prevention (p = 0.030). Statistically, there was no significant association between Dmf scores and thumb-sucking habits (p = 0.568), brushing teeth and usage of tooth floss (p = 0.96), consumption of nutrient supplements (p = 0.744), and BMI (p = 0.564) of the subjects. Furthermore, the correlation between z scores and Dmf scores was found insignificant. Conclusion Long-term as well as short-term malnutrition initiated 2 years after the start of the pre-schooling. With severity of undernutrition there was a trend to have high Dmf scores.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kavita Sudersanadas
- College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences (KSAU HS), Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
- King Abdullah International Medical Research Centre, Ministry of National Guard Health Affairs, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Maha Al Turki
- College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences (KSAU HS), Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
- King Abdullah International Medical Research Centre, Ministry of National Guard Health Affairs, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Bahija Basheer
- College of Dentistry, King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
- King Abdullah International Medical Research Centre, Ministry of National Guard Health Affairs, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Winnie Philip
- College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences (KSAU HS), Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
- King Abdullah International Medical Research Centre, Ministry of National Guard Health Affairs, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ihssan Hassan Abdelrahman
- College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences (KSAU HS), Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
- King Abdullah International Medical Research Centre, Ministry of National Guard Health Affairs, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Alghaliyah Alghofaili
- College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences (KSAU HS), Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
- King Abdullah International Medical Research Centre, Ministry of National Guard Health Affairs, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Amani Almoubayed
- College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences (KSAU HS), Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
- King Abdullah International Medical Research Centre, Ministry of National Guard Health Affairs, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abeer Raad Almudaihim
- College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences (KSAU HS), Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
- King Abdullah International Medical Research Centre, Ministry of National Guard Health Affairs, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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Mahmood MK, Lan R, Tassery H, Tardivo D. Association between Malnutrition and Dental Caries in Iraqi Kurdish Children. Dent J (Basel) 2023; 11:141. [PMID: 37366664 DOI: 10.3390/dj11060141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2023] [Revised: 05/17/2023] [Accepted: 05/17/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND This paper aimed to study the association of serum Vitamin D level and Body Mass Index (BMI) as representatives of malnutrition at micro and macro levels, respectively, on dental caries. METHOD AND PARTICIPANTS A total of 333 randomly selected children aged 6-12 years in Sulaimani, Kurdistan, Iraq were examined for three variables of the Decayed Missed Filled Tooth (DMFT) index, BMI, and Vitamin D serum levels in a single-time cross-sectional snapshot. RESULTS The majority of the population studied (70%) were Vitamin D deficient. In the linear regression analysis, both Vitamin D and BMI had insignificant effects on DMFT, with p-values of 0.22 and 0.55, respectively. After the categorization of the data, the risk estimate between normal (≥20 ng/mL) and deficient (<20 ng/mL) Vitamin D groups with regards to the caries and caries-free categories was 1.97 (95% CI: 0.91-4.24). According to the mean and median of the DMFT, which were both 4, the sample is categorized into the low-caries group (DMFT < 4) and high-caries group (DMFT > 4). When these groups are compared to Vitamin D levels and taking 20 and 15 as thresholds, the odds ratios were 1.19 (CI: 0.74-1.92) and 1.88 (CI: 1.20-2.94), respectively. Regarding the BMI, a normal BMI increases the chances of having a lower caries index (OR = 1.83, CI: 1.10-3.03). CONCLUSIONS Our results show that having a serum Vitamin D level ≥15 ng/mL and having a normal BMI are associated with a lower caries index in children.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Romain Lan
- Faculty of Dentistry, Aix-Marseille University, CNRS, EFS, ADES, 13284 Marseille, France
- Odontology Department, Timone Hospital, 13284 Marseille, France
| | - Herve Tassery
- Ecole de Médecine Dentaire de Marseille, Université d'Aix-Marseille, 13385 Marseille, France
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Siddaiah Madhusudhan K, Pallavi M. Perspective Chapter: Effects of Malnutrition on Pediatric Oral Health – A Review. PEDIATRIC DENTISTRY - A COMPREHENSIVE GUIDE 2023. [DOI: 10.5772/intechopen.106724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/03/2023]
Abstract
Malnutrition occurs when there are deficiencies, excesses, or imbalances in a person’s intake of energy and or nutrients. Diet and nutrition affect oral health in several ways. Early childhood malnutrition is in association with dental caries, enamel hypoplasia, salivary gland hypofunction, and delayed eruption. Poor oral health is in association with tooth decay, periodontal disease, and lesions in other oral tissues among children and older adults. This correlation between malnutrition adversely affects the oral structures and poor oral health, which in turn, leads to poor nutrition (Malnutrition). Various nutritional deficiencies, along with deficiencies of protein, energy foods, or both affect the development of the oral cavity. Dietary practices, nutritional status, general health status, and oral health conditions are all interrelated factors. Due to malnutrition, there are multiple effects on the oral tissues and subsequent development of oral disease. This paper gives an insight into the interrelationship of malnutrition affecting the development of the oral cavity and the progression of the oral disease.
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Park AH, Kulchar RJ, Susarla SM, Turton B, Sokal-Gutierrez K. Fewer Children in Families Associated with Lower Odds of Early Childhood Caries: A Sample from Three Countries. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2023; 20:2195. [PMID: 36767562 PMCID: PMC9916343 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20032195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2022] [Revised: 01/24/2023] [Accepted: 01/24/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Childhood caries experience is influenced by family characteristics and oral health practices in the context of many social-commercial determinants. The aim of this study was to explore the relationship between families' number of children, oral health practices and child caries experience in a convenience sample of 1374 children aged 6 months through 6 years and their families from Ecuador, Nepal, and Vietnam. Data were collected by mother interviews and child dental exams. Multivariate logistic and Zero-Inflated-Poisson regression analyses assessed associations between number of children, oral health practices and decayed, missing or filled teeth (dmft). Families had a mean of 2.2 children (range 1-12); 72% of children had tooth decay, with mean dmft of 5.4. Adjusting for child age, sex, and urban/rural location, a greater number of children in the family was associated with significantly less likelihood of unhealthy bottle feeding practices, having a toothbrush/toothpaste and parent helping child brush, and being cavity-free; higher number of dmft, and greater likelihood of having a dental visit. Early childhood oral health promotion should include focus on oral hygiene and healthy feeding-particularly breastfeeding and healthy bottle feeding practices-as well as access to family planning services and support for childcare.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amy H. Park
- Rausser College of Natural Resources, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94704, USA
| | - Rachel J. Kulchar
- Department of Chemistry, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA
| | | | - Bathsheba Turton
- Henry M. Goldman School of Dental Medicine, Boston University, Boston, MA 02118, USA
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Jayasinghe TN, Harrass S, Erdrich S, King S, Eberhard J. Protein Intake and Oral Health in Older Adults-A Narrative Review. Nutrients 2022; 14:4478. [PMID: 36364741 PMCID: PMC9653899 DOI: 10.3390/nu14214478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2022] [Revised: 10/18/2022] [Accepted: 10/20/2022] [Indexed: 08/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Oral health is vital to general health and well-being for all ages, and as with other chronic conditions, oral health problems increase with age. There is a bi-directional link between nutrition and oral health, in that nutrition affects the health of oral tissues and saliva, and the health of the mouth may affect the foods consumed. Evidence suggests that a healthy diet generally has a positive impact on oral health in older adults. Although studies examining the direct link between oral health and protein intake in older adults are limited, some have explored the relationship via malnutrition, which is also prevalent among older adults. Protein-energy malnutrition (PEM) may be associated with poor oral health, dental caries, enamel hypoplasia, and salivary gland atrophy. This narrative review presents the theoretical evidence on the impact of dietary protein and amino acid composition on oral health, and their combined impact on overall health in older adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thilini N. Jayasinghe
- The Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
- School of Dentistry, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Sanaa Harrass
- School of Life Sciences, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2007, Australia
| | - Sharon Erdrich
- School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Shalinie King
- School of Dentistry, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Joerg Eberhard
- The Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
- School of Dentistry, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
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Wang X, Ma Z, Lei M, Zhao C, Lin X, Cao F, Shi H. Association between early childhood caries and diet quality among Chinese children aged 2-5 years. Front Public Health 2022; 10:974419. [PMID: 36568786 PMCID: PMC9782538 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2022.974419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2022] [Accepted: 08/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Early childhood caries (ECC) is a major oral problem affecting the health and wellbeing of children worldwide. Diet quality is a better predictor of ECC risk than single foods or specific nutrients. The purposes of this study were to assess the associations between ECC and diet quality among 2- to 5-year-old Chinese children. Methods A total of 150 eligible children were included in this study. The decayed, missing, or filled surface (dmfs) score was recorded for each child by dental examination. All participants were divided into three groups based on their age and dmfs score [the caries-free group, the ECC group, and the severe early childhood caries (S-ECC) group]. Parents were invited to complete a questionnaire on the general characteristics and oral health behaviors of the participants. The information of 24-h dietary intake from each child was captured via a mobile APP. The Chinese diet balance index for preschool children (DBI_C) indicators score, high bound score (HBS), low bound score (LBS), and diet quality distance (DQD) score were calculated to assess the diet quality of study subjects. The associations of ECC with HBS, LBS, DQD score, and DBI_C indicators score were analyzed by Mann-Whitney U test and multivariable logistic regression analysis. Results In this study, 21, 31, and 98 children were diagnosed with caries-free, ECC, and S-ECC, respectively. Statistical analysis revealed that the risk of ECC and S-ECC were significantly increased with the DQD score (OR = 1.283 and 1.287, respectively), but both were not associated with HBS and LBS (P > 0.05). In the meantime, the risk of ECC and S-ECC were significantly increased with the Grains score (OR = 1.623 and 1.777, respectively), and significantly decreased with the Food diversity score (OR = 0.271 and 0.315, respectively). Moreover, the risk of S-ECC also significantly decreased with the Vegetables score (OR = 0.137). Conclusion Both ECC and S-ECC were associated with a high degree of dietary imbalance and grains intake as well as a low degree of food diversity among Chinese children aged 2-5 years. In addition, S-ECC was also associated with a low degree of vegetable intake.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinfeng Wang
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Hospital of Stomatology and Hebei Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Zhe Ma
- Department of Preventive Dentistry, Hospital of Stomatology and Hebei Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Min Lei
- Department of Nutrition, Third Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Caiyun Zhao
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Hospital of Stomatology and Hebei Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Xiuyan Lin
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Hospital of Stomatology and Hebei Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Fengdi Cao
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Hospital of Stomatology and Hebei Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China,Faculty of Dentistry, Melbourne University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Hong Shi
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Hospital of Stomatology and Hebei Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China,*Correspondence: Hong Shi
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Mahmoud SA, El Moshy S, Rady D, Radwan IA, Abbass MMS, Al Jawaldeh A. The effect of unhealthy dietary habits on the incidence of dental caries and overweight/obesity among Egyptian school children (A cross-sectional study). Front Public Health 2022; 10:953545. [PMID: 36052005 PMCID: PMC9424618 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2022.953545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2022] [Accepted: 07/11/2022] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Obesity and dental caries are public health problems in Egypt. Factors such as unhealthy diet, poor oral hygiene, and physical inactivity can play a major role in both problems. This study was carried out to illuminate the mutual unhealthy dietary risk factors associated with the incidence of both health conditions. Methods Between 1 October 2020 and 1 July 2021, 369 Egyptian children (5-10 years) were examined. Dental status was assessed using decayed, missing/extracted, and filled tooth indices (dmft, deft, and DMFT) for deciduous, mixed, and permanent dentitions, respectively. Moreover, the lifestyle, food habits, and body mass index (BMI) were recorded. Results A total of 342 (93.7%) of the included subjects suffered from caries, and only 27(7.3%) were caries-free. Based on BMI percentiles, 247 (66.9%) of the youngsters were overweight/obese, while 122 (33.1%) had normal weight. The mean dmft was 6.9 (±4.6), deft 4.2 (±3.3), and DMFT 0.1 (±1.7). In the primary dentition, a significant positive correlation was detected between dmft and BMI, legumes, sweetened milk and juice, soft drinks, and desserts, while a significant negative correlation was detected between dmft/deft, meat/poultry/fish, fresh fruits, and vegetables. A significant positive correlation was detected between deft and BMI, sweetened milk and juice, ice cream, candies, and crackers. In the permanent dentition, a significant positive correlation was detected between age, soft drinks, sweetened juice, desserts, and DMFT, while a significant negative correlation was detected with fresh fruits and vegetables. BMI was significantly negatively correlated with a healthy lifestyle, meat/poultry/fish consumption, and fresh fruits and vegetables while positively correlated with legumes, ice cream, soft drinks, granulated sugars, desserts, fast food, and caffeinated drinks. Conclusion Overweight/obesity was positively correlated with primary dentition dental caries. Desserts (sweetened snacks) and soft drinks could be the common risk factors associated with high caries and overweight/obesity incidence among Egyptian school children; conversely, consumption of fruits and vegetables could hinder both health conditions. Moreover, sweetened juices were associated with primary and permanent dental caries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Ahmed Mahmoud
- Pediatric Dentistry and Dental Public Health Department, Faculty of Dentistry, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Sara El Moshy
- Oral Biology Department, Faculty of Dentistry, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Dina Rady
- Oral Biology Department, Faculty of Dentistry, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Israa Ahmed Radwan
- Oral Biology Department, Faculty of Dentistry, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Marwa M. S. Abbass
- Oral Biology Department, Faculty of Dentistry, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt,*Correspondence: Marwa M. S. Abbass
| | - Ayoub Al Jawaldeh
- World Health Organization (WHO), Regional Office for the Eastern Mediterranean (EMRO), Cairo, Egypt
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Cuong DH, Tam VV, Tinh HQ, Do LT, Nghia NT, Anh HC. Research on Nutrition, Dental Caries Status Using Novel Methods, and Related Factors to Preschool Children in Rural Areas of Vietnam. JOURNAL OF ANALYTICAL METHODS IN CHEMISTRY 2022; 2022:7363163. [PMID: 35677725 PMCID: PMC9170401 DOI: 10.1155/2022/7363163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2022] [Revised: 04/28/2022] [Accepted: 05/06/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The study aims to examine correlations between nutrition status with different factors and dental caries of preschool children in rural areas of Vietnam. A big data based on a total of 690 children (356 boys and 334 girls), aged 2-5 years, living in Van Xuan commune, were thoroughly analyzed. Oral examinations were performed by dentists with the assistance of nursery teachers and the research team. Caries was diagnosed using criteria established by the International Caries Detection and Assessment System (ICDAS). The examined children and their parents responded to questions pertaining to dental hygiene practices. The nutrition status of preschool children was determined by the World Health Organization (WHO) standards in 2006. There are factors which have effects on the malnutrition status of children in the research. The prevalence of dental caries also contributed importantly to assess children's development. In this study, the stunting groups have a higher ratio of caries compared to the others. Children's morphology and nutritional status are associated with dental caries among the preschool children in Van Xuan commune, Vinh Tuong district, Vinh Phuc province.
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Affiliation(s)
- Do Hong Cuong
- Hanoi Metropolitan University of Vietnam, 98 Duong Quang Ham, Quan Hoa, Cau Giay, Hanoi 100000, Vietnam
| | - Vu Van Tam
- University of Science,Vietnam National University-Hanoi, 334 Nguyen Trai, Thanh Xuan, Hanoi 100000, Vietnam
| | - Hoang Quy Tinh
- Hanoi National University of Education, 136 Xuan Thuy, Dich Vong Hau, Cau Giay, Hanoi 100000, Vietnam
| | - Le Thanh Do
- Duy Tan University, 254 Nguyen Van Linh, Thac Gian, Thanh Khe, Da Nang 550000, Vietnam
| | - Nguyen Trong Nghia
- Ha Dong Genaral Hospital, 2 Be Van Dan, Quang Trung, Ha Dong, Hanoi 100000, Vietnam
| | - Hoang Cong Anh
- 115 Nghe An General Hospital, 40 Xo Viet Nghe Tinh, Vinh, Nghe An 460000-470000, Vietnam
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Association between Body Mass Index (BMI) and Dental Caries among 6-12-Year-Old School Children. CHILDREN (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 9:children9050608. [PMID: 35626785 PMCID: PMC9139392 DOI: 10.3390/children9050608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2022] [Revised: 04/22/2022] [Accepted: 04/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
This study aimed to identify the association between BMI and dental caries in 6−12-year-old children. This cross-sectional study was carried out among 6−12-year-old school children and their parents. The data on Body Mass Index (BMI) and dental caries for study participants were included in the study. The association between BMI and dental caries was evaluated using SPSS software. The study comprises 400 school children (157 boys and 243 girls) aged an average of 8.9 years. The overall prevalence of dental caries was 84% in primary dentition and 75% in permanent dentition, with a mean DMFT and dmft (decayed, missing and filled teeth) of 2.85 and 5.48, respectively. There was a significant association witnessed between mothers’ education and BMI status. A significant association was also evident between decayed (d), missing (m) and filled (f) teeth and overall dmft with different BMI categories (p < 0.05). There was no significant association evident between DMFT and each category of BMI (p > 0.05). The dmft and DMFT within the four BMI categories by one-way ANOVA were highly significant (p < 0.001). Post hoc analysis helped us identify the relationship among the various categories of BMI with dental caries. There was a positive association evident between the BMI of the children and dental caries.
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Shi R, Lin C, Li S, Deng L, Lin Z, Xiu L. Obesity is negatively associated with dental caries among children and adolescents in Huizhou: a cross-sectional study. BMC Oral Health 2022; 22:76. [PMID: 35300666 PMCID: PMC8932162 DOI: 10.1186/s12903-022-02105-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2021] [Accepted: 02/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Obesity and dental caries among children and adolescents are growing worldwide public health problems. They share some common and modifiable influences. The objective of this study was to evaluate the prevalence of obesity and dental caries among children and adolescents in Huizhou and explore the association between Body Mass Index (BMI) category and dental caries. Methods This cross-sectional study enrolled 105,181 students (55,500 males and 49,681 females) from 87 schools in Huizhou. Height and weight were measured, and BMI was calculated. Based on Chinese BMI standards, students were classified into underweight, normal weight, overweight, and obesity groups. Dental caries was diagnosed according to criteria recommended by World Health Organization (WHO). We used the Chi-square test to compare proportions of groups and performed Association Rules Mining to identify patterns and combinations of BMI categories and dental caries. Finally, a multilevel logistic regression model was applied to analyze the association between BMI category and dental caries when confounders were considered. Results The prevalence of underweight, overweight, and obesity among children and adolescents was 7.56%, 8.85%, and 2.95%, respectively. The overall prevalence of dental caries was 58.10%, with a lower prevalence among boys than girls. Students from primary schools and remote towns more easily suffer from dental caries. Caries prevalence of students belonged to underweight, normal, overweight, and obesity was 65.6%, 58.8%, 49.6%, and 46.1% individually. With increasing BMI levels, the prevalence of dental caries decreased. Further, this trend still exists in each subgroup of gender, educational stage, school type, and area. Association rules indicate underweight has a positive effect on the occurrence of dental caries, while overweight or obesity has a negative impact on the occurrence of dental caries. The three-level logistic regression model results show that BMI category is inversely associated with dental caries after adjusting confounders. Conclusion Obesity is negatively associated with dental caries among children and adolescents in Huizhou. Further research is required to investigate how dietary habits, oral hygiene habits, and parental socioeconomic status mediate the association between BMI and dental caries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rou Shi
- Department of Endocrinology, Huizhou Municipal Central Hospital, Huizhou, 516001, Guangdong, China
| | - Chunwen Lin
- Department of Epidemiology and Medical Statistics, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, 523808, Guangdong, China
| | - Shu Li
- Department of Endocrinology, Huizhou Municipal Central Hospital, Huizhou, 516001, Guangdong, China.
| | - Linling Deng
- Department of Endocrinology, Huizhou Municipal Central Hospital, Huizhou, 516001, Guangdong, China
| | - Zhan Lin
- Department of Endocrinology, Huizhou Municipal Central Hospital, Huizhou, 516001, Guangdong, China
| | - Liangchang Xiu
- Department of Epidemiology and Medical Statistics, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, 523808, Guangdong, China.
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Development Strategy of Endodontic Filling Materials Based on Engineering and Medical Approaches. Processes (Basel) 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/pr9112014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
This article is a literature review aimed at presenting the general state of knowledge in manufacturing engineering and materials engineering to develop engineering materials applied for endodontic treatment as filling materials. Particular attention was paid to theoretical analyses concerning the selection of methods for developing and obturating root canals and discussing the results of experimental studies available in the literature. These activities aimed to compare the importance of the most commonly used endodontic filling materials based on gutta-percha or polymeric polyester materials, commonly known as resilon, respectively. The motivation to take up this complex, multi-faceted topic in this paper is the extent of caries, periodontal disease, and other oral diseases in 3 to 5 billion people, often affecting toothlessness and contributing to an increase in the index of disability-adjusted life years (number). Endodontics is an important element of the authors’ concept of Dentistry Sustainable Development (DSD) > 2020. The principles of qualifying patients for endodontic treatment are discussed. The introduction of rotary tools, especially manufactured from Nitinol alloy, to develop root canals and the latest thermohydraulic and condensation techniques for obturation guarantee progress in endodontics. The “Digital Twins” methodology was used, rooted in the idea of Industry 4.0 and the resulting idea of Dentistry 4.0, as well as knowledge management methods, to perform experimental research in virtual space, concerning methods of developing and obturating the root canal and assessing the tightness of fillings. Microscopic visualization methods were also used. Significant factors determining the effectiveness of endodontic obturation are the selection of the filling material and the appropriate obturation method. The generalized dendrological matrix of endodontic filling materials considers the criteria of mechanical strength influencing the potential root fracture and the quality of root canal filling. The results of the SWOT point analysis (strengths and weaknesses, opportunities, threats) were also compared. For both filling materials, the weaknesses are much less than the strengths, while the threats are slightly less than the opportunities for the gutta-percha-based material, while for resilon the opportunities are much smaller than the threats. It requires the application of an appropriate development strategy, i.e., MAXI-MAXI in the case of a filling material based on gutta-percha and MAXI-MINI in the case of resilon. Therefore, the analysis of these experimental data does not indicate the real competitiveness of resilon for the gutta-percha-based material. This material deservedly maintains its strong position as the “Gold Standard of Endodontics”.
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Aung YM, Jelleyman T, Ameratunga S, Tin Tin S. Body mass index and dental caries in New Zealand pre-school children: A population-based study. J Paediatr Child Health 2021; 57:1432-1437. [PMID: 33860964 DOI: 10.1111/jpc.15500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2020] [Revised: 02/21/2021] [Accepted: 03/31/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
AIM Pre-school dental caries is a significant public health problem and may be associated with the growth and nutritional status of children. This study aimed to investigate the association between body mass index (BMI) and early childhood caries (ECC) among pre-school children. METHODS This population-based retrospective study involves all 5-year-old children who resided in northern New Zealand and received school entry dental examinations between 1 January 2014 and 31 December 2015. ECC status was determined with the decayed missing filled teeth (dmft) score obtained from a routinely collected regional dental data set. Objectively measured BMI information was obtained from the 'Before School Check' (B4SC) Programme. Logistic regression analyses were used to assess the association between BMI and the occurrence of ECC (dmft score ≥ 1). Ethnic subgroup analyses were also conducted. RESULTS Of the 27 333 children involved in this analysis, 11 173 (40.9%) had ECC with a mean dmft score of 1.85, and 3948 (14.4%) were overweight and 2964 (10.8%) were obese at school entry. The prevalence of ECC was higher in overweight and obese children but in subgroup analyses by ethnicity, this positive association was observed in European children only (adjusted odds ratio for overweight children compared to normal weight children: 1.16; 95% CI: 1.02, 1.32 and adjusted odds ratio for obese children: 1.20; 95% CI: 1.00, 1.45). CONCLUSION ECC is highly prevalent in New Zealand children and associated with higher BMI in children of European ethnicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Myo Aung
- Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Population Health, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Tim Jelleyman
- Child Health, Waitakere Hospital, Waitemata District Health Board, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Shanthi Ameratunga
- Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Population Health, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Sandar Tin Tin
- Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Population Health, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
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Gudipaneni RK, Albilasi RM, HadiAlrewili O, Alam MK, Patil SR, Saeed F. Association of Body Mass Index and Waist Circumference With Dental Caries and Consequences of Untreated Dental Caries Among 12- to 14-Year-old Boys: A Cross-Sectional Study. Int Dent J 2021; 71:522-529. [PMID: 33622545 PMCID: PMC9275107 DOI: 10.1016/j.identj.2021.01.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the association between body mass index (BMI) and waist circumference (WC) and dental caries (DC), and the clinical consequences of untreated dental caries (U-DC) among 12- to 14-year-old male public-school adolescents in the Northern Province, Saudi Arabia. METHODS The demographic and anthropometric measurements of 302 boys 12 to 14 years of age (mean: 12.5 years) were recorded. BMI and central obesity (based on WC) were measured. The decayed-missing-filled teeth (DMFT) index was used to record DC. The pulp involvement, ulceration, fistula, abscess (PUFA) index was used to quantify the clinical consequences of U-DC. Multiple logistic regression analysis was performed to evaluate the risk factors related to DC and clinical consequences of U-DC. RESULTS A high prevalence of DC was found in adolescents who were underweight according to BMI and nonobese based on WC (46.7% vs 34.5%). The association between underweight (BMI) and obese (WC) with DC (odds ratio [95% CI]) was 1.91 (0.87, 4.18) and 0.34 (0.18, 0.63), respectively, while with PUFA (adjusted odds ratio [AOR]; 95%CI), it was 1.76 (0.76, 4.09) and 0.19 (0.06, 0.63) respectively. The logistic regression model showed that consuming sugar more than once a day led to a 2.87-fold greater likelihood of DC (AOR [95% CI] = 2.87 [1.68, 4.88]) and a 3.91-fold greater likelihood of mean PUFA score (AOR [95% CI] = 3.91 [2.05, 7.44]. CONCLUSION High risks for DC and clinical consequences of U-DC were observed among underweight and nonobese adolescent males. The frequency of sugar consumption was significantly associated with both conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ravi Kumar Gudipaneni
- Pediatric Dentistry, Department of Preventive Dentistry, College of Dentistry, Jouf University, Sakaka, Saudi Arabia.
| | | | | | - Mohammad Khursheed Alam
- Orthodontics, Department of Preventive Dentistry, College of Dentistry, Jouf University, Sakaka, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Faisal Saeed
- Pediatric Dentist and Head of Pediatric Dentistry Department at Specialized Dental Center, MOH, Tabuk, Saudi Arabia
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Affiliation(s)
- Donna M Hackley
- Department of Oral Health Policy and Epidemiology, Office of Global and Community Health, Harvard School of Dental Medicine, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Preventive and Community Dentistry, University of Rwanda School of Dentistry, Kigali, Rwanda
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Abstract
This paper concerns the assessment of the current state of dentistry in the world and the prospects of its sustainable development. A traditional Chinese censer was adopted as the pattern, with a strong and stable support on three legs. The dominant diseases of the oral cavity are caries and periodontal diseases, with the inevitable consequence of toothlessness. From the caries 3.5–5 billion people suffer. Moreover, each of these diseases has a wide influence on the development of systemic complications. The territorial range of these diseases and their significant differentiation in severity in different countries and their impact on disability-adjusted life years index are presented (DALY). Edentulousness has a significant impact on the oral health-related quality of life (OHRQoL). The etiology of these diseases is presented, as well as the preventive and therapeutic strategies undertaken as a result of modifying the Deming circle through the fives’ rules idea. The state of development of Dentistry 4.0 is an element of the current stage of the industrial revolution Industry 4.0 and the great achievements of modern dental engineering. Dental treatment examples from the authors’ own clinical practice are given. The systemic safety of a huge number of dentists in the world is discussed, in place of the passive strategy of using more and more advanced personal protective equipment (PPE), introducing our own strategy for the active prevention of the spread of pathogenic microorganisms, including SARS-CoV-2. The ethical aspects of dentists’ activity towards their own patients and the ethical obligations of the dentist community towards society are discussed in detail. This paper is a polemic arguing against the view presented by a group of eminent specialists in the middle of last year in The Lancet. It is impossible to disagree with these views when it comes to waiting for egalitarianism in dental care, increasing the scope of prevention and eliminating discrimination in this area on the basis of scarcity and poverty. The views on the discrimination of dentistry in relation to other branches of medicine are far more debatable. Therefore, relevant world statistics for other branches of medicine are presented. The authors of this paper do not agree with the thesis that interventional dental treatment can be replaced with properly implemented prophylaxis. The final remarks, therefore, present a discussion of the prospects for the development of dentistry based on three pillars, analogous to the traditional Chinese censer obtaining a stable balance thanks to its three legs. The Dentistry Sustainable Development (DSD) > 2020 model, consisting of Global Dental Prevention (GDP), Advanced Interventionist Dentistry 4.0 (AID 4.0), and Dentistry Safety System (DSS), is presented.
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18
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Rego IN, Cohen-Carneiro F, Vettore MV, Herkrath FJ, Herkrath APCDQ, Rebelo MAB. The association between nutritional status and dental caries in low-income children: A multilevel analysis. Int J Paediatr Dent 2020; 30:607-618. [PMID: 32115793 DOI: 10.1111/ipd.12637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2019] [Revised: 02/19/2020] [Accepted: 02/25/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The possible association between obesity, underweight, and dental caries remains in debate. In addition, the role of sugar consumption on the abovementioned relationship was little explored. AIM This study aimed to investigate the relationship between nutritional status and dental caries in 12-year-old low-income children. DESIGN This cross-sectional school-based study involved 406 12-year-old children living with limited economic resources. Dental caries was assessed using the decayed component of DMFT and PUFA/pufa index. Children were weighed and measured to assess nutritional status according to z-score/body mass index. Data on socio-economic and demographic characteristics, sugar consumption, sedentary behaviour, and psychosocial factors were collected through validated questionnaires. Multivariable multilevel Poisson regression was performed. RESULTS Underweight children had 60% (RR = 1.60; 95% CI 1.13-2.57) higher mean of decayed teeth and had mean PUFA/pufa 2.8 times higher than children with normal nutritional status. Underweight children with high annual sugar intake had a greater mean of decayed teeth (RR = 2.72; 95% CI 1.46-5.06) than underweight children with low sugar intake. CONCLUSIONS Our findings suggest that malnutrition is associated with dental caries among children from low-income families.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iana Nogueira Rego
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Odontologia, Faculdade de Odontologia, Universidade Federal do Amazonas, Manaus, Brazil
| | - Flávia Cohen-Carneiro
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Odontologia, Faculdade de Odontologia, Universidade Federal do Amazonas, Manaus, Brazil
| | - Mario Vianna Vettore
- Department of Social and Preventive Dentistry, Dental School, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | | | | | - Maria Augusta Bessa Rebelo
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Odontologia, Faculdade de Odontologia, Universidade Federal do Amazonas, Manaus, Brazil
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Ultra-processed foods and early childhood caries in 0–3‐year‐olds enrolled at Primary Healthcare Centers in Southern Brazil. Public Health Nutr 2020; 24:3322-3330. [DOI: 10.1017/s1368980020002839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
AbstractObjective:To investigate the relationship between ultra-processed food consumption and early childhood caries.Design:Cross-sectional analysis of baseline data from a cluster randomised controlled study. Outcomes included the prevalence of children with non-cavitated and cavitated caries. The main exposure was the total daily consumption of ultra-processed foods (up to three times and four times or more), assessed through a FFQ. Potential confounders were socio-demographic characteristics of the child and caregiver/family, child breast-feeding, oral hygiene and use of dental services. Poisson regression using robust variance adjustment was used to estimate prevalence ratios (PR) and their respective 95 % CI.Setting:Primary Healthcare Centers in an urban area of Pelotas, Southern Brazil.Participants:Children aged 0–3 years (n 309).Results:Consumption of ultra-processed foods four times or more a day was found in 67·6 % of children; 24·4 and 12·0 % presented non-cavitated and cavitated caries, respectively. After adjustment, children who consumed ultra-processed foods four times or more a day were more likely to present both non-cavitated caries (PR 2·25, 95 % CI 1·19, 4·27, P = 0·013) and cavitated caries (PR 3·48, 95 % CI 1·18, 10·30, P = 0·024) compared with those who have consumed them up to three times a day.Conclusions:Consumption of ultra-processed foods is associated with early childhood caries. Interventions aiming at reducing ultra-processed food consumption should be implemented to improve children’s oral health.
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Associations between early childhood caries, malnutrition and anemia: a global perspective. BMC Nutr 2020; 6:16. [PMID: 32467766 PMCID: PMC7197144 DOI: 10.1186/s40795-020-00340-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2019] [Accepted: 03/05/2020] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Malnutrition is the main risk factor for most common communicable diseases. The aim of this study is to determine the relationship between country-level prevalence of early childhood caries (ECC), malnutrition and anemia in infants and preschool children. Methods Matched country-level ECC, malnutrition and anemia prevalence were generated from databases covering the period 2000 to 2017. Multivariate general linear models were developed to assess the relationship between outcome variables (prevalence of stunting, wasting, overweight, and anemia) and the explanatory variable (ECC prevalence) adjusted for gross national income per capita. Adjusted regression coefficients (B) and partial eta squared were computed. Results The mean (standard deviation (SD)) ECC prevalence was 23.8 (14.8)% for 0-2 year-olds and 57.3 (22.4)% for 3-5-year-olds. The mean (SD) prevalence of wasting was 6.3 (4.8)%, overweight 7.2 (4.9)%, stunting 24.3 (13.5)%, and anemia 37.8 (18.1)%. For 0-2-year-olds, the strongest and only significant association was between the prevalence of ECC and overweight (η2 = 0.21): 1 % higher ECC prevalence was associated with 0.12% higher prevalence of overweight (B = 0.12, P = 0.03). In 3-5-year-olds, the strongest and only significant association was between the prevalence of ECC and anemia (η2 = 0.08): 1 % higher prevalence of ECC was associated with 0.14% lower prevalence of anemia (B = - 0.14, P = 0.048). Conclusion Country-level prevalence of ECC was associated with malnutrition in 0-2-year-olds and with anemia in 3-5-year-olds. The pathway for the direct relationship between ECC and overweight may be diet related. The pathway for the inverse relationship between ECC and anemia is less clear and needs further investigations.
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Vieira KA, Rosa-Júnior LS, Souza MAV, Santos NB, Florêncio TMMT, Bussadori SK. Chronic malnutrition and oral health status in children aged 1 to 5 years: An observational study. Medicine (Baltimore) 2020; 99:e19595. [PMID: 32358344 PMCID: PMC7440136 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000019595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2019] [Revised: 01/15/2020] [Accepted: 02/18/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
To evaluate the effect of chronic malnutrition on the oral health of children aged 1 to 5 years.An observational, analytical, cross-sectional study was conducted and involved 82 children (12-71 months of age). Nutritional status was evaluated using anthropometric indicators and oral health status/caries prevalence was measured. Non-stimulated saliva was collected and flow rate and buffering capacity was measured.The mean dmft index was 1.38 for the adequately nourished children, 3.04 for those with mild malnutrition, 2.5 for those with moderate malnutrition and 2.4 for those with severe malnutrition. 69 of the 82 children had low to very low buffering capacity. No significant differences among the groups were found between malnutrition and age, buffering capacity or the dmft index (P > .05). However, significant differences in salivary flow were found among the different malnutrition categories (P < .05). Spearman correlation coefficient revealed a weak negative correlation between nutrition and salivary flow (r = -0.267).Malnutrition exerts a negative impact on the oral cavity of children and a reduction in salivary flow rate was observed with the increase in malnutrition. Diagnosing the effects of malnutrition in oral environment of children is important because it could improve the quality of life and give them an adequate treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karlla A. Vieira
- Department of Biophotonics, Nove de Julho University (UNINOVE), São Paulo
- Centro Universitário CESMAC, Faculty of Dentistry, Maceió-AL, Brazil
| | | | - Maria A. V. Souza
- Centro Universitário CESMAC, Faculty of Dentistry, Maceió-AL, Brazil
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Arshad AI, Ahmad P, Dummer PMH, Alam MK, Asif JA, Mahmood Z, Rahman NA, Mamat N. Citation Classics on Dental Caries: A Systematic Review. Eur J Dent 2020; 14:128-143. [PMID: 32189321 PMCID: PMC7069738 DOI: 10.1055/s-0040-1703419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective
A systematic search was performed for the identification and analysis of the 100 most often cited articles on dental caries and to highlight the changing trends in the field of dentistry over time.
Materials and Methods
The search was performed without any restriction on the study design, publication year, or language using the Web of Science (WoS) group of Clarivate Analytics enabling the search through “All Databases.” Based on the citation count as available in WoS, the articles were sorted in a descending manner. Information regarding each article was then extracted, which included its authorship, counts of citation (in other databases), citation density, current citation index (2019), publication year, country of publication, journal of article, evidence level based on study design, and keywords description.
Results
The count of citation for each article varied in each database, that is, 175 to 2,003 in WoS, 89 to 1,981 in Scopus, and 126 to 3,492 when searched in Google Scholar. The highest number of articles (
n
= 10) related to dental caries were published in 2004. A total of 301 authors made valuable contributions to this field, out of which J.D. Featherstone had coauthored 6 articles. A significant negative correlation (
p
< 0.01) was found between the age of the article and the citation density (
r
=–0.545). However, a nonsignificant correlation (
p
= 0.952) occurred between the age of publication and the citation count (
r
= 0.006).
Conclusion
The results of this systematic review provide a critical appraisal of the context underpinning scientific developments in the field of dental caries and also highlighted trends in clinical management and research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anas Imran Arshad
- Paediatric Dentistry Unit, School of Dental Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kota Bharu, Kelantan, Malaysia.,Paedodontics Department, Rashid Latif Dental College, Rashid Latif Medical College, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Paras Ahmad
- Department of Oral Medicine, School of Dental Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kota Bharu, Kelantan, Malaysia
| | - Paul M H Dummer
- School of Dentistry, College of Biomedical and Life Sciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom
| | - Mohammad Khursheed Alam
- Orthodontic Department, College of Dentistry, Jouf University, Sakaka, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Jawaad Ahmed Asif
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, School of Dental Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kota Bharu, Kelantan, Malaysia
| | - Zuliani Mahmood
- Paediatric Dentistry Unit, School of Dental Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kota Bharu, Kelantan, Malaysia
| | - Normastura Abd Rahman
- Department of Dental Public Health, School of Dental Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kota Bharu, Kelantan, Malaysia
| | - Noraida Mamat
- Paediatric Dentistry Unit, School of Dental Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kota Bharu, Kelantan, Malaysia
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Cagetti MG, Wolf TG, Tennert C, Camoni N, Lingström P, Campus G. The Role of Vitamins in Oral Health. A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 17:ijerph17030938. [PMID: 32028631 PMCID: PMC7037089 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17030938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2019] [Revised: 01/24/2020] [Accepted: 01/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The association between vitamins and oral health have recently been discussed, yielding increased attention from medical and dental perspectives. The present review aimed to systematically evaluate and appraise the most recently scientific papers investigating the role of vitamins in the prevention and treatment of the main oral diseases as hard dental pathological processes and gum/periodontal disease. Randomized controlled trials, cross-sectional studies, cohort studies, comparative studies, validation studies and evaluation studies, following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines, reporting associations between vitamins and oral diseases or the use of vitamins to prevent or treat oral diseases in patients of any age were included. PubMed, Embase and Scopus were searched to November 2019 using an ad hoc prepared search string. All the papers meeting the inclusion criteria were subjected to a quality assessment. The search identified 1597 papers; 741 were selected after removing duplicates. A total of 334 articles were excluded after title and abstract evaluation; 407 were assessed and 73 papers were full-text assessed; other 14 papers were discharged after full text evaluation, leaving finally 58 papers included. In general, there is weak evidence supporting the association between vitamins and both gingival/periodontal disease and hard dental pathological processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Grazia Cagetti
- Department of Biomedical, Surgical and Dental Science, University of Milan, IT-20142 Milan, Italy; (M.G.C.); (N.C.)
| | - Thomas Gerhard Wolf
- Department of Restorative, Preventive and Paediatric Dentistry, University of Bern, CH-3010 Bern, Switzerland; (C.T.); (G.C.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +41-(0)31-664098
| | - Christian Tennert
- Department of Restorative, Preventive and Paediatric Dentistry, University of Bern, CH-3010 Bern, Switzerland; (C.T.); (G.C.)
| | - Nicole Camoni
- Department of Biomedical, Surgical and Dental Science, University of Milan, IT-20142 Milan, Italy; (M.G.C.); (N.C.)
| | - Peter Lingström
- Department of Cariology, Institute of Odontology, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, SE-41390 Gothenburg, Sweden;
| | - Guglielmo Campus
- Department of Restorative, Preventive and Paediatric Dentistry, University of Bern, CH-3010 Bern, Switzerland; (C.T.); (G.C.)
- Department of Surgery, Microsurgery and Medicine Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of Sassari, IT-07100 Sassari, Italy
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Folayan MO, El Tantawi M, Aly NM, Al-Batayneh OB, Schroth RJ, Castillo JL, Virtanen JI, Gaffar BO, Amalia R, Kemoli A, Vulkovic A, Feldens CA. Association between early childhood caries and poverty in low and middle income countries. BMC Oral Health 2020; 20:8. [PMID: 31906944 PMCID: PMC6945445 DOI: 10.1186/s12903-019-0997-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2019] [Accepted: 12/30/2019] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The aim of this study was to assess the relationship between early childhood caries (ECC) in 3–5-year-old children, seven indicators of poverty and the indicator of monetary poverty in low- and middle-income countries (LICs, MICs). Methods This ecologic study utilized 2007 to 2017 country-level data for LICs and MICs. Explanatory variables were seven indicators of poverty namely food, water, sanitation, health, shelter, access to information, education; and monetary poverty. The outcome variable was the percentage of 3–5-year-old children with ECC. A series of univariate general linear regression models were used to assess the relationship between the percentage of 3–5 year-old children with ECC and each of the seven indicators of poverty, and monetary poverty. This was followed by multivariable regression models to determined the combined effect of the seven indicators of poverty, as well as the combined effect of the seven indicators of poverty and monetary poverty. Adjusted R2 measured models’ ability to explain the variation among LICs and MICs in the percentage of 3–5-year-old children with ECC. Results Significantly more people had food, sanitation, shelter, access to information, education and monetary poverty in LICs than in MICs. There was no difference in the prevalence of ECC in 3–5-year-old children between LICs and MICs. The combination of the seven indicators of poverty explained 15% of the variation in the percentage of 3–5-year-old children with ECC compared to 1% explained by monetary poverty. When the seven indicators of poverty and the indicator for monetary poverty were combined, the amount of variation explained by them was 10%. Only two of the poverty indicators had a direct relationship with the percentage of children with ECC; there was a higher percentage of ECC in countries with higher percentage of population living in slums (B = 0.35) and in those countries with higher percentage of the population living below poverty lines (B = 0.19). The other indicators had an inverse relationship. Conclusion The use of multiple indicators to measures of poverty explained greater amount of variation in the percentage of 3–5-year-olds with ECC in LICs and MICs than using only the indicator for monetary poverty.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Maha El Tantawi
- Faculty of Dentistry, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Nourhan M Aly
- Faculty of Dentistry, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Ola B Al-Batayneh
- Department of Preventive Dentistry, Jordan University of Science and Technology, PO Box 3030, Irbid, 22110, Jordan
| | - Robert J Schroth
- Department of Preventive Dental Science, College of Dentistry, and Departments of Paediatrics and Child Health and Community Health Sciences, Max Rady College of Medicine, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada
| | - Jorge L Castillo
- Facultad de Estomatología, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru
| | - Jorma I Virtanen
- Department of Clinical Dentistry, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Balgis O Gaffar
- Department of Preventive Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, Imam Abdulrahman bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
| | - Rosa Amalia
- Department of Preventive and Community Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Universitas Gadjah Mada Yogyakarta, Yogyakarta, Indonesia
| | - Arthur Kemoli
- Department of Paediatric Dentistry and Orthodontics, University of Nairobi, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Ana Vulkovic
- Department of Pediatric and Preventive Dentistry, School of Dental Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Carlos A Feldens
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Universidade Luterana do Brasil, Canoas, Brazil
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Candan M, Buldur B. Primary Tooth Extraction Pattern Among Turkish Children with Severe Early Childhood Caries Treated Under General Anesthesia. PESQUISA BRASILEIRA EM ODONTOPEDIATRIA E CLÍNICA INTEGRADA 2020. [DOI: 10.1590/pboci.2020.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
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Lead Poisoning and Intelligence: A Search for Cause and Effect in the Scottish Mental Surveys. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2019; 2019:8980604. [PMID: 31781256 PMCID: PMC6875362 DOI: 10.1155/2019/8980604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2018] [Revised: 01/06/2019] [Accepted: 05/07/2019] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
In 1932 and again in 1947, the Scottish Council for Research in Education conducted the Scottish Mental Surveys. Testing two cohorts, one in 1932 and another in 1947, researchers set out to measure—using the same validated test each time—the intelligence of every Scottish child 11 years of age. The stated impetus for the Surveys was a fear that average Scottish intelligence was declining. But when investigators compared the results of the 1947 Survey with those from 1932 their predictions were completely upended. Instead of average intelligence declining, it had risen, substantially. The author argues that based on a study of the relevant ecosystems in place in Scotland at the time the increase in intelligence resulted from a decline in lead body burden. There is no evidence that the children were tested for lead. The decline is thought to have closely followed a fall in occupational lead use, a heightened awareness of the dangers of lead-solvency, improvements in lead plumbing in working-class homes, and a national campaign to improve the nutrition of women and children. Evidence shows that milk consumption in Scotland increased sharply, especially among children, beginning in the mid-1930s, just prior to and following the birth of the second cohort. This provided a source of calcium in a diet that had shown signs of deficiency. Evidence also suggests that lead contamination, from lead water pipes and industrial sources, was widely prevalent in Scotland in the early part of the twentieth century.
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Ozsin Ozler C, Öztürk Ş, Uzamıs Tekcıcek M. Dysphagia and Oral Health. ANKARA MEDICAL JOURNAL 2019. [DOI: 10.17098/amj.652021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
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Folayan MO, Arije O, El Tantawi M, Kolawole KA, Obiyan M, Arowolo O, Oziegbe EO. Association between early childhood caries and malnutrition in a sub-urban population in Nigeria. BMC Pediatr 2019; 19:433. [PMID: 31722683 PMCID: PMC6852898 DOI: 10.1186/s12887-019-1810-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2019] [Accepted: 10/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background To determine the association between malnutrition and early childhood caries (ECC) in children resident in sub-urban, Nigeria. Methods This study was a subset of a larger cross-sectional study the data of which was generated through a household survey conducted in Ile-Ife, Nigeria. The study’s explanatory variable was malnutrition (underweight, overweight, wasting and stunting) and the outcome variable was ECC. Poisson regression analysis was used to determine the association between ECC and malnutrition. Variables (sex, frequency of sugar consumption, maternal knowledge of oral hygiene, oral hygiene status) associated with ECC in the primary study were adjusted for to obtain the adjusted prevalence ratio (APR). Results Of the 370 children, 20 (5.41%) were underweight, 20 (5.41%) were overweight, 67 (18.11%) were wasting, 120 (32.43%) were stunted and 18 (4.86%) had ECC. Factors associated with ECC were being stunted, underweight, overweight and fair oral hygiene. The prevalence of ECC was lower in children who were stunted (APR: 0.14; 95% CI: 0.03–0.69; p = 0.02), almost seven times higher in children who were overweight (APR: 6.88; 95% CI: 1.83–25.85; p < 0.001), and predictively absent in children who were underweight (APR: 0; 95% CI: 0–0; p < 0.001) when compared with children who had normal weight. Non-significant risk indicators for ECC included consuming sugar between meals three times a day or more, having low socioeconomic status and being female. Conclusions For this study population, the indicators of malnutrition – being stunted, underweight, overweight - and fair oral hygiene were risk indicators for ECC. The frequency of sugar consumption was not a significant risk indicator when malnutrition was included as an explanatory variable for ECC in the study population.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Olujide Arije
- Institute of Public Health, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Nigeria
| | - Maha El Tantawi
- Department of Preventive Dental Sciences, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Mary Obiyan
- Department of Demography and Statistics, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Nigeria
| | - Olaniyi Arowolo
- Department of Child Dental Health, Obafemi Awolowo University Teaching Hospitals' Complex, Ile-Ife, Nigeria
| | - Elizabeth O Oziegbe
- Department of Child Dental Health, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Nigeria
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Kalanzi D, Mayanja-Kizza H, Nakanjako D, Mwesigwa CL, Ssenyonga R, Amaechi BT. Prevalence and factors associated with dental caries in patients attending an HIV care clinic in Uganda: a cross sectional study. BMC Oral Health 2019; 19:159. [PMID: 31324242 PMCID: PMC6642521 DOI: 10.1186/s12903-019-0847-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2019] [Accepted: 07/03/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chronic Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) infection is associated with reduced saliva flow rate due to infiltration of HIV and proliferation of CD8 lymphocytes in salivary glands. It is unclear whether HIV infection and antiretroviral therapy (ART) increase caries risk. This study aimed to determine the prevalence and factors associated with dental caries in HIV infected adults attending the Mulago Immune Suppression Syndrome (ISS) clinic in Uganda. METHODS A cross-sectional study was conducted among HIV infected persons. Dental examinations were performed by two calibrated dentists using the WHO Radke's caries classification criteria and reported using the decayed (D), missing (M), filled (F), teeth (DMFT) index. The prevalence and factors associated with dental caries was examined through linear regression analyses. RESULTS Overall, 748 participants (females = 491, 65.6%) with a mean age of 39 ± 9.4 years were included in the final analysis; of whom 83.7% had caries (DMFT> 0), with a significantly (p < 0.05) higher prevalence among females 86.6% than males 78.2%. The mean DMFT was 5.9 ± 5.5, with statistically significant differences based on gender (males 4.9 ± 4.8 and females 6.3 ± 5.9, p < 0.05) and duration on ART (< 2 years 4.8 ± 4.4, > 2 years but < 5 years 5.7 ± 5.5, > 5 years 6.6 ± 6.0 p < 0.05). The majority (67.2%) of participants reported brushing their teeth twice or more a day, and sugar intake was not associated with dental caries. CONCLUSION Caries prevalence is high among HIV infected adults under care. Duration of ART was associated with increased risk and severity of caries. Therefore, we recommend integration of dental care in HIV treatment programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dunstan Kalanzi
- Department of Dentistry School of Health Sciences, Makerere University College of Health Sciences, P.O.Box 7072, Kampala, Uganda.
| | - Harriet Mayanja-Kizza
- Department of Medicine School of Medicine, Makerere University College of Health Sciences, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Damalie Nakanjako
- Department of Medicine School of Medicine, Makerere University College of Health Sciences, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Catherine Lutalo Mwesigwa
- Department of Dentistry School of Health Sciences, Makerere University College of Health Sciences, P.O.Box 7072, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Ronald Ssenyonga
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics School of Public Health, Makerere University College of Health Sciences, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Bennett T Amaechi
- Department of Comprehensive Dentistry, University of Texas Health San Antonio School of Dentistry, San Antonio, TX, USA
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Arefi AH, Shamsaddin H, Balvardi M, Poureslami H, Danesh M, Sayadizadeh M. Evaluation of parents' views about etiologic factors of severe early childhood caries: A qualitative study. J Dent Res Dent Clin Dent Prospects 2019; 13:43-50. [PMID: 31217918 PMCID: PMC6571519 DOI: 10.15171/joddd.2019.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2018] [Accepted: 02/05/2019] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Background. Severe early childhood caries (S-ECC) is a rapid form of dental caries that firstly affects primary upper incisors of children less <3 years of age and can cause interference in child’s health by pain, nutritional deficiencies and sleep disorders. It seems there are many unknown factors in the etiology as well as progression of S-ECC. The aim of this study was to assess parents' views in this relation.
Methods. In this qualitative study parent’s views and their 1‒3-year-old children were studied when they visited pediatric medical clinics in Kerman. After cleaning the children teeth and examination of them to discover caries, they were placed in 2 groups with or without S-ECC. Then each parent was interviewed separately and their comments were collected and studied. Examinations and interviews continued with parents until they did not express anything new.
Results. Parents of children without S-ECC had better understanding about S-ECC related factors than parents of children with S-ECC and greater number of them (without significant differences) expressed known reasons for occurrence of S-ECC. There were differences among known reasons and proposed reasons mostly in parents of children with S-ECC, although the differences were not significant. Maternal stress and amount of breast milk’s lactose were factors that were reported by some parents while there were unknown factors related to the etiology of S-ECC. Furthermore, no parents mentioned factors like saliva or mode of delivery.
Conclusion. The most important achievement of the study was the attention of some parents to the role of their chronic stress in the occurrence of S-ECC. Another important consideration was that none of the parents mentioned the important role of the quality and quantity of saliva in preventing S-ECC, which should be promoted in the community
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Affiliation(s)
- Arian Hesam Arefi
- Department of Orthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hoda Shamsaddin
- Department of Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery, Faculty of Dentistry, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran
| | - Mojgan Balvardi
- Kerman Social Determinants on Oral Health Research Center & Oral and Dental Diseases Research Center & Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Kerman University of Medical Science, Kerman, Iran
| | - Hamidreza Poureslami
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Kerman University of Medical Science, Kerman, Iran
| | - Masumeh Danesh
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Kerman University of Medical Science, Kerman, Iran
| | - Mahsa Sayadizadeh
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Kerman University of Medical Science, Kerman, Iran
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Trombley TM, Agarwal SC, Beauchesne PD, Goodson C, Candilio F, Coppa A, Rubini M. Making sense of medieval mouths: Investigating sex differences of dental pathological lesions in a late medieval Italian community. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL ANTHROPOLOGY 2019; 169:253-269. [PMID: 30924143 DOI: 10.1002/ajpa.23821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2018] [Revised: 02/21/2019] [Accepted: 03/02/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Bioarchaeological investigations of sex-based differences in the prevalence of dental pathological lesions, particularly caries, have drawn considerable attention, and out of this work, two dominant models have emerged. Traditionally, the first model interprets sex-related patterns in caries as a product of gendered differences in diet. A more recent model interprets a generally higher propensity for caries prevalence in females in light of reproductive ecology. To test the hypothesis that females have higher risk of caries in accordance with reproductive ecology, we examined and analyzed caries prevalence and other potentially synergistic oral pathological lesions in a late medieval (A.D. 1300-1500) Italian archaeological sample. MATERIALS AND METHODS We examined sex- and age-related prevalence in caries and other oral pathological lesions in a late medieval Italian skeletal assemblage excavated from Villamagna consisting of 38 females and 37 males (n = 1,534 teeth). We examined age- and sex-related patterns in six dental traits: antemortem tooth loss, caries, calculus, periapical inflammation, tooth wear, and periodontitis. RESULTS Significant age-related increases in antemortem tooth loss, caries, calculus, and tooth wear were observed in both males and females. However, there was a lack of expected sex differences in oral pathological lesions, with instead older males exhibiting significantly more antemortem tooth loss and corrected caries than females. DISCUSSION Results are discussed in relation to the ethnohistoric context of medieval rural dietary practices as well as biomedical salivary literature, which suggest that dietary changes throughout the life course may have facilitated trade-offs that buffered females from higher rates of dental pathological lesions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Trent M Trombley
- Department of Anthropology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California
| | - Sabrina C Agarwal
- Department of Anthropology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California
| | - Patrick D Beauchesne
- Department of Behavioral Sciences, University of Michigan, Dearborn, Dearborn, Michigan
| | - Caroline Goodson
- Faculty of History, University of Cambridge, King's College, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Francesca Candilio
- Anthropological Service, Soprintendenza Archeologia, Belle Arti e Paesaggio per la città metropolitana di Cagliari e le province di Oristano e Sud Sardegna, Cagliari, Italy.,Physical Anthropology Section, University of Pennsylvania Museum of Archaeology and Anthropology, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Alfredo Coppa
- Department of Environmental Biology, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Mauro Rubini
- Department of Archaeology, Foggia University, Foggia, Italy.,Anthropological Service, S.A.B.A.P.-LAZ, Rome, Italy
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Abbass MMS, Mahmoud SA, El Moshy S, Rady D, AbuBakr N, Radwan IA, Ahmed A, Abdou A, Al Jawaldeh A. The prevalence of dental caries among Egyptian children and adolescences and its association with age, socioeconomic status, dietary habits and other risk factors. A cross-sectional study. F1000Res 2019; 8:8. [PMID: 30854195 PMCID: PMC6396843 DOI: 10.12688/f1000research.17047.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/11/2018] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Dental caries is a chronic, multifactorial disease, with limited data available for the Egyptian population. The aim of this study is to assess the prevalence of dental caries among Egyptian children and adolescents in correlation with age, gender, body mass index, socioeconomic status, parental education, biological risk factors and dietary habits. Methods: A total number of 369 Egyptian children and adolescents (age ranges from 3-18 years) were examined over the period from 15
th November 2017 to 13
th January 2018. Socio-demographic data, oral hygiene measures and dietary habits for children were recorded. Dental status was analyzed using decayed, missing and filled tooth index (dmft) for deciduous dentition and (DMFT) index for permanent dentition. For mixed dentition (deft) index was used, d (decayed tooth indicated for filling), e (decayed tooth indicated for extraction) and f (filled tooth). Results: 74% of the children had dental caries with mean dmft: 3.23±4.07; deft: 4.21±3.21; DMFT: 1.04±1.56. In primary dentition, dmft of the children was positively correlated with age, beans, candies, crackers, chocolates and inversely correlated with gender, socio-economic status (SES), parental education, brushing frequency of the parent, brushing frequency of the parent to the child teeth, brushing frequency of the child and consumption of eggs, fruits/vegetables, milk and milk products. In mixed dentition, deft was positively correlated with candies, crackers, citric juices, while negatively correlated with age, SES, parental education, brushing frequency of the parent to the child, brushing frequency of the child, fruits/vegetables. In permanent dentition, DMFT in children was positively correlated with age and chocolates while not correlated with any of the remaining risk factors. Conclusion: The present study clarifies the significant risk factors associated with dental caries amongst Egyptian children. This will help in planning strategies to prevent and treat such disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marwa M S Abbass
- Oral Biology Department, Faculty of Dentistry, Cairo University, Cairo, 11553, Egypt
| | - Sara Ahmed Mahmoud
- Pediatric Dentistry and Dental Public Health Department, Faculty of Dentistry, Cairo University, Cairo, 11553, Egypt
| | - Sara El Moshy
- Oral Biology Department, Faculty of Dentistry, Cairo University, Cairo, 11553, Egypt
| | - Dina Rady
- Oral Biology Department, Faculty of Dentistry, Cairo University, Cairo, 11553, Egypt
| | - Nermeen AbuBakr
- Oral Biology Department, Faculty of Dentistry, Cairo University, Cairo, 11553, Egypt
| | - Israa Ahmed Radwan
- Oral Biology Department, Faculty of Dentistry, Cairo University, Cairo, 11553, Egypt
| | - Attera Ahmed
- Independent Researcher, Limerick, County Limerick, Ireland
| | - Ahmed Abdou
- Biomaterials Department, Faculty of Dentistry,, Modern University for Technology and Information (MTI), Cairo, Egypt.,Cariology and Operative Department, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ayoub Al Jawaldeh
- Nutrition unit, World Health Organization Office for Eastern Mediterranean region , Cairo, Egypt
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Cares Henriquez A, Oxenham MF. New distance‐based exponential regression method and equations for estimating the chronology of linear enamel hypoplasia (LEH) defects on the anterior dentition. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL ANTHROPOLOGY 2018; 168:510-520. [DOI: 10.1002/ajpa.23764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2018] [Revised: 11/17/2018] [Accepted: 11/20/2018] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Marc F. Oxenham
- School of Archaeology and Anthropology Australian National University Canberra ACT Australia
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Abstract
Dental caries generates significant health, financial and social costs to individuals and communities, but risk factors are not spread randomly and evenly throughout populations. People from lower socio-economic status (SES) and disadvantaged groups suffer a disproportionately greater disease burden. Clinicians and public health experts view this problem through a different lens. Dentists at the clinical coalface consider individual risk factors and behaviours, for example sugar consumption, cariogenic bacteria and poor oral hygiene, as major causes of dental caries. However, considerable evidence suggests that low SES, via traditional individual risk factors as mediators and through additional independent pathways, is another significant cause. Progressive clinical practice uses education, prevention and treatment to reduce the impact of individual risk factors. Policy-makers and health administrators use population-based approaches to improve the health of societies. The authors use literature review to argue for both a greater awareness of the upstream socio-economic causes of dental caries, and action from key community sectors to redress the societal inequalities contributing to dental health inequalities.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Foley
- Australian Research Centre for Population Oral Health, The University of Adelaide, South Australia, Australia.,Metro North Oral Health Services, Queensland Health, Herston, Queensland, Australia
| | - H F Akers
- 144 Appel Street, Graceville, Brisbane, Australia
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Geber J, Murphy E. Dental markers of poverty: Biocultural deliberations on oral health of the poor in mid-nineteenth-century Ireland. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL ANTHROPOLOGY 2018; 167:840-855. [PMID: 30281788 PMCID: PMC6282970 DOI: 10.1002/ajpa.23717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2018] [Revised: 09/09/2018] [Accepted: 09/11/2018] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Despite subsisting on a low-cariogenic diet comprising virtually nothing more than potatoes and dairy products, poor oral health affected the quality of life for the poor of nineteenth-century Ireland. This study investigates potential biocultural reasons that may explain why this was the case. MATERIAL AND METHODS A total of 6,860 teeth and 9,889 alveoli from 363 permanent dentitions from the skeletal remains of impoverished adult Irish males and females who died between 1847 and 1851 in the Kilkenny Union Workhouse were examined for evidence of dental caries, periodontal disease and ante-mortem tooth loss. Caries rates were quantified and assessed by crude prevalence, frequencies, corrected caries rates and a t-health index, and evaluated by sex and age groups. RESULTS A higher rate of caries was present among 18-25-year-old males than females, while the opposite relationship was evident for older age groups. The prevalence rates of periodontal disease and ante-mortem tooth loss increased with age. When assessed by corrected caries rates, tooth decay is observed at a lower rate compared to contemporaneous lower to upper-class population samples from London. DISCUSSION Despite being low cariogenic foods, the potato starch and milk lactose of a nineteenth-century Irish laborer's diet would have lowered oral pH-values thereby increasing the risk of bacterial fermentation in dental plaque resulting in caries. Nutritional features alone cannot explain the high rates of dental caries observed in the Kilkenny workhouse population sample, however, and lifestyle factors, particularly habitual clay-pipe smoking, is considered a significant cause of poor oral health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonny Geber
- Department of AnatomyUniversity of OtagoDunedinNew Zealand
| | - Eileen Murphy
- Archaeology and Palaeoecology, School of Natural and Built Environment, Queen's University BelfastBelfastNorthern Ireland
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Dimaisip-Nabuab J, Duijster D, Benzian H, Heinrich-Weltzien R, Homsavath A, Monse B, Sithan H, Stauf N, Susilawati S, Kromeyer-Hauschild K. Nutritional status, dental caries and tooth eruption in children: a longitudinal study in Cambodia, Indonesia and Lao PDR. BMC Pediatr 2018; 18:300. [PMID: 30217185 PMCID: PMC6137874 DOI: 10.1186/s12887-018-1277-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2017] [Accepted: 09/05/2018] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Untreated dental caries is reported to affect children's nutritional status and growth, yet evidence on this relationship is conflicting. The aim of this study was to assess the association between dental caries in both the primary and permanent dentition and nutritional status (including underweight, normal weight, overweight and stunting) in children from Cambodia, Indonesia and Lao PDR over a period of 2 years. A second objective was to assess whether nutritional status affects the eruption of permanent teeth. METHODS Data were used from the Fit for School - Health Outcome Study: a cohort study with a follow-up period of 2 years, consisting of children from 82 elementary schools in Cambodia, Indonesia and Lao PDR. From each school, a random sample of six to seven-year-old children was selected. Dental caries and odontogenic infections were assessed using the World Health Organization (WHO) criteria and the pufa-index. Weight and height measurements were converted to BMI-for-age and height-for-age z-scores and categorized into weight status and stunting following WHO standardised procedures. Cross-sectional and longitudinal associations were analysed using the Kruskal Wallis test, Mann Whitney U-test and multivariate logistic and linear regression. RESULTS Data of 1499 children (mean age at baseline = 6.7 years) were analyzed. Levels of dental caries and odontogenic infections in the primary dentition were significantly highest in underweight children, as well as in stunted children, and lowest in overweight children. Dental caries in six to seven-year old children was also significantly associated with increased odds of being underweight and stunted 2 years later. These associations were not consistently found for dental caries and odontogenic infections in the permanent dentition. Underweight and stunting was significantly associated with a lower number of erupted permanent teeth in children at the age of six to seven-years-old and 2 years later. CONCLUSIONS Underweight and stunted growth are associated with untreated dental caries and a delayed eruption of permanent teeth in children from Cambodia, Indonesia and Lao PDR. Findings suggest that oral health may play an important role in children's growth and general development. TRIAL REGISTRATION The study was restrospectively registered with the German Clinical Trials Register, University of Freiburg (trial registration number: DRKS00004485 ; date of registration: 26th of February, 2013).
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Affiliation(s)
- Jed Dimaisip-Nabuab
- Deutsche Gesellschaft für Internationale Zusammenarbeit (GIZ), L.P. Leviste corner Rufino Street, Makati City, Metro Manila, Philippines.,Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, College of Public Health, University of the Philippines, 625 Pedro Gil St, Ermita, Manila, Philippines
| | - Denise Duijster
- Department of Social Dentistry, Academic Centre for Dentistry Amsterdam, Gustav Mahlerlaan 3004, 1081LA, Amsterdam, The Netherlands. .,Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University College London, Torrington Place 1-19, London, WC1E 6BT, UK.
| | - Habib Benzian
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Promotion, WHO Collaborating Center for Quality Improvement and Evidence-based Dentistry, College of Dentistry, New York University, 433 First Avenue, New York, NY, 10010, USA
| | - Roswitha Heinrich-Weltzien
- Department of Preventive Dentistry and Pediatric Dentistry, University Hospital Jena, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Bachstraße 18, 07743, Jena, Germany
| | - Amphayvan Homsavath
- Faculty of Dentistry, University of Health Sciences Ministry of Health, 7444 Mahosot Rd, Vientiane, Lao People's Democratic Republic
| | - Bella Monse
- Deutsche Gesellschaft für Internationale Zusammenarbeit (GIZ), L.P. Leviste corner Rufino Street, Makati City, Metro Manila, Philippines
| | - Hak Sithan
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Ministry of Health, 151-153 Kampuchea Krom Avenue, Phnom Penh, Cambodia
| | - Nicole Stauf
- The Health Bureau Ltd., Whiteleaf Business Center, 11 Little Balmer, Buckingham, MK18 1TF, UK
| | - Sri Susilawati
- Department of Dental Public Health, Faculty of Dentistry, Padjadjaran University, Sekelda Selatan I, Bandung, Indonesia
| | - Katrin Kromeyer-Hauschild
- Institute of Human Genetics, University Hospital Jena, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Am Klinikum 1, 07740, Jena, Germany
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Mishu MP, Tsakos G, Heilmann A, Watt RG. Dental caries and anthropometric measures in a sample of 5- to 9-year-old children in Dhaka, Bangladesh. Community Dent Oral Epidemiol 2018; 46:449-456. [PMID: 30080262 DOI: 10.1111/cdoe.12412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2018] [Accepted: 07/14/2018] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
AIM This study aimed to assess associations between dental caries and anthropometric measures among a sample of children aged 5-9 years in Dhaka, Bangladesh. METHODS A cross-sectional observational study was conducted among 5- to 9-year-old children in Dhaka, Bangladesh. Data were collected from children and their parents attending the Dhaka Dental College Hospital and from three nearby primary schools. The outcome measures were as follows: age and sex adjusted height-z-scores (HAZ), weight-z-scores (WAZ) and BMI-z-scores (BAZ). Multiple linear regressions were used to assess the associations between caries and anthropometric measures, adjusted for maternal education, family income, study setting, birth weight and childhood diseases as potential confounders. RESULTS The final sample comprised 788 children, and the overall response rate was 96.7%. The majority (73.2%) had experience of dental caries. The mean dmft + DMFT score was 2.84 (95% CI 2.64, 3.03) and 35.8% experienced dental sepsis. Dental caries and sepsis were negatively associated with HAZ, WAZ and BAZ scores. After adjustment for potential confounders, children with severe levels of caries had lower HAZ scores (coefficient: -0.40; 95% CI -0.69, -0.10), lower WAZ scores (coefficient: -0.59; 95% CI -0.94, -0.24) and lower BAZ scores (coefficient: -0.50; 95% CI -0.87, -0.13) than those who were caries free. Children with moderate levels of caries also had lower WAZ scores (coefficient: -0.43; 95% CI -0.72, -0.15) and lower BAZ scores (coefficient: -0.43; 95% CI -0.72, -0.13) than caries-free children. Children with dental sepsis had lower HAZ (coefficient: -0.23; 95% CI -0.42, -0.03), WAZ (coefficient: -0.33; 95% CI -0.56, -0.10) and BAZ scores (coefficient: -0.29; 95% CI -0.53, -0.05) than dental sepsis-free children. CONCLUSIONS Dental caries was associated with lower height, weight and BMI among this sample of Bangladeshi children, even after adjusting for age and sex and a number of potential confounders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masuma Pervin Mishu
- Department of Health Science, Faculty of Sciences, University of York, Heslington, UK
| | - Georgios Tsakos
- Research Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University College London (UCL), London, UK
| | - Anja Heilmann
- Research Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University College London (UCL), London, UK
| | - Richard G Watt
- Research Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University College London (UCL), London, UK
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Masterson EE, Fitzpatrick AL, Enquobahrie DA, Mancl LA, Eisenberg DT, Conde E, Hujoel PP. Dental enamel defects predict adolescent health indicators: A cohort study among the Tsimane' of Bolivia. Am J Hum Biol 2018; 30:e23107. [PMID: 29399912 PMCID: PMC5980689 DOI: 10.1002/ajhb.23107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2017] [Revised: 12/15/2017] [Accepted: 01/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Bioarchaeological findings have linked defective enamel formation in preadulthood with adult mortality. We investigated how defective enamel formation in infancy and childhood is associated with risk factors for adult morbidity and mortality in adolescents. METHODS This cohort study of 349 Amerindian adolescents (10-17 years of age) related extent of enamel defects on the central maxillary incisors (none, less than 1/3, 1/3 to 2/3, more than 2/3) to adolescent anthropometrics (height, weight) and biomarkers (hemoglobin, glycated hemoglobin, white blood cell count, and blood pressure). Risk differences and 95% confidence intervals were estimated using multiple linear regression. Enamel defects and stunted growth were compared in their ability to predict adolescent health indicators using log-binomial regression and receiver operating characteristics (ROCs). RESULTS Greater extent of defective enamel formation on the tooth surface was associated with shorter height (-1.35 cm, 95% CI: -2.17, -0.53), lower weight (-0.98 kg, 95% CI: -1.70, -0.26), lower hemoglobin (-0.36 g/dL, 95% CI: -0.59, -0.13), lower glycated hemoglobin (-0.04 %A1c , 95% CI: -0.08, -0.00008), and higher white blood cell count (0.74 109 /L, 95% CI: 0.35, 1.14) in adolescence. Extent of enamel defects and stunted growth independently performed similarly as risk factors for adverse adolescent outcomes, including anemia, prediabetes/type II diabetes, elevated WBC count, prehypertension/hypertension, and metabolic health. CONCLUSIONS Defective enamel formation in infancy and childhood predicted adolescent health outcomes and may be primarily associated with infection. Extent of enamel defects and stunted growth may be equally predictive of adverse adolescent health outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erin E. Masterson
- University of Washington, School of Dentistry, Department of Oral Health Sciences, 1959 NE Pacific Street, Health Sciences Building D-322, Box 357475, Seattle, WA, 98119 USA
| | - Annette L. Fitzpatrick
- University of Washington, School of Public Health, Department of Epidemiology, 1959 NE Pacific Street, Health Science Building F-262, Box 357236, Seattle, WA, 98195 USA
| | - Daniel A. Enquobahrie
- University of Washington, School of Public Health, Department of Epidemiology, 1959 NE Pacific Street, Health Science Building F-262, Box 357236, Seattle, WA, 98195 USA
| | - Lloyd A. Mancl
- University of Washington, School of Dentistry, Department of Oral Health Sciences, 1959 NE Pacific Street, Health Sciences Building D-322, Box 357475, Seattle, WA, 98119 USA
| | - Dan T.A. Eisenberg
- University of Washington, Department of Anthropology, 314 Denny Hall, Box 353100, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - E. Conde
- Centro Boliviano de Investigación y Desarollo Socio-Integral, Correo Central, San Borja, Beni, Bolivia
| | - Philippe P. Hujoel
- University of Washington, School of Dentistry, Department of Oral Health Sciences, 1959 NE Pacific Street, Health Sciences Building D-322, Box 357475, Seattle, WA, 98119 USA
- University of Washington, School of Public Health, Department of Epidemiology, 1959 NE Pacific Street, Health Science Building F-262, Box 357236, Seattle, WA, 98195 USA
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Maqsood S, Baber H, Abbas Z, Ali Khan J, Khalid M. Deciphering Possible Association of Risk Factors for Dental Caries in Pakistani Population. Int J Dent 2018; 2018:2842350. [PMID: 29681939 PMCID: PMC5851031 DOI: 10.1155/2018/2842350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2017] [Accepted: 01/03/2018] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity is a state of abnormal accumulation of fat in adipose tissues of the body to the level that one's health is adversely compromised. Tripathi et al. state (according to WHO) that obesity is now considered the fifth leading cause of mortality in the world. Caries is a multifactorial disease and one of the major oral health issues of the modern era affecting people around the globe. Rise in dental caries has been observed in developing countries as a result of factors including increased intake of carbohydrates. The present study aims for assessing the association of DMFT with BMI, age, and gender. This study was conducted in the dental OPD of the Dow University of Health Sciences, Karachi, from February 2016 till January 2017. A custom-made interview-based questionnaire was used to assess BMI, DMFT, and sociodemographics. The sample size was kept at 385. Age was reported as a strong predictor (R2 0.641) of DMFT followed by BMI and gender as the weakest predictors. Age and BMI had statistically significant association with DMFT scores, which shows that diet patterns may affect general health. High caloric intake over long periods affects BMI and also oral health.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Hasan Baber
- Dow University of Health Sciences, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Zia Abbas
- Dow University of Health Sciences, Karachi, Pakistan
| | | | - Muznah Khalid
- Dow University of Health Sciences, Karachi, Pakistan
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Alnemer KA, Pani SC, Althubaiti AM, Bawazeer M. Impact of birth characteristics, breast feeding and vital statistics on the eruption of primary teeth among healthy infants in Saudi Arabia: an observational study. BMJ Open 2017; 7:e018621. [PMID: 29248886 PMCID: PMC5778285 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2017-018621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2017] [Revised: 10/27/2017] [Accepted: 11/16/2017] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study aimed to explore the impact of gender, birth weight, maternal age, type of delivery, gestational age and feeding practices on the eruption of teeth in children with no underlying medical conditions or developmental defects in their first year of life. DESIGN A cross-sectional observational study design was used. SETTING A primary healthcare setting in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. PARTICIPANTS All children in their first year of life attending a vaccination clinic (n=422) were included in the study. Infants with chronic childhood illnesses, those who were below the 5th percentile in height or weight, infants with congenital birth defects and chronic illnesses, infants who were born preterm and low birth weight infants were excluded from the study. OUTCOME MEASURES The type of delivery, birth weight, age of mother, height and weight percentile for age (as plotted on the WHO growth chart for infants) and feeding practices were recorded by the examiner, and this was followed by a clinical examination to determine the presence or absence of each tooth. Regression models were developed to determine the effect of the different variables on the presence of primary teeth. RESULTS There was a significant association between the weight percentile of the child (adjusted for age) and the number of erupted primary teeth, suggesting that heavier children have an earlier eruption of teeth. No association was observed between birth weight, height percentile for age or maternal age at the time of birth and the number of erupted primary teeth. Children who were exclusively breast fed were significantly more likely to have an erupted first primary tooth earlier than non-breastfed group. CONCLUSIONS Breast feeding and the weight of the child may have an influence on the eruption of primary teeth in the first year of life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kholoud Abdullah Alnemer
- Department of Preventive Dental Sciences, Riyadh Colleges of Dentistry and Pharmacy, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sharat Chandra Pani
- Department of Preventive Dental Sciences, Riyadh Colleges of Dentistry and Pharmacy, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Alaa M Althubaiti
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences/King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Manal Bawazeer
- King Abdullah Specialized Children's Hospital, King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences/King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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Masterson EE, Fitzpatrick AL, Enquobahrie DA, Mancl LA, Conde E, Hujoel PP. Malnutrition-related early childhood exposures and enamel defects in the permanent dentition: A longitudinal study from the Bolivian Amazon. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL ANTHROPOLOGY 2017; 164:416-423. [PMID: 28752513 DOI: 10.1002/ajpa.23283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2016] [Revised: 06/22/2017] [Accepted: 07/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES We investigated the relationship between early childhood malnutrition-related measures and subsequent enamel defects in the permanent dentition. MATERIALS AND METHODS This cohort study included 349 Amerindian adolescents (10-17 years, 52% male) from the Bolivian Amazon. Exposures included: stunted growth (height-for-age z-scores), underweight (weight-for-age z-scores), anemia (hemoglobin), acute inflammation (C-reactive protein) and parasitic infection (hookworm). We measured the occurrence (no/yes) and extent (<1/3, 1/3-2/3, >2/3) of enamel defects. We estimated associations between childhood exposures and enamel defect measures using log-binomial and multinomial logistic regression. RESULTS The prevalence of an enamel defect characterized by an orange peel texture on a large central depression on the labial surface of the central maxillary incisors was 92.3%. During childhood (1-4 years), participants had a high prevalence of stunted growth (75.2%), anemia (56.9%), acute inflammation (39.1%), and hookworm infection (49.6%). We observed associations between childhood height-for-age (OR = 0.65; P = 0.028 for >2/3 extent vs. no EH) and gastrointestinal hookworm infection (OR = 3.43; P = 0.035 for >2/3 extent vs. no defects or <1/3 extent) with enamel defects. DISCUSSION The study describes a possibly novel form of enamel hypoplasia and provides evidence for associations of malnutrition-related measures in early childhood, including stunted growth and parasitic helminth infection, with the observed enamel defects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erin E Masterson
- School of Dentistry, Department of Oral Health Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, DC, 98119
| | - Annette L Fitzpatrick
- School of Public Health, Department of Epidemiology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washinton, DC, 98195
| | - Daniel A Enquobahrie
- School of Public Health, Department of Epidemiology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washinton, DC, 98195
| | - Lloyd A Mancl
- School of Dentistry, Department of Oral Health Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, DC, 98119
| | - Esther Conde
- Centro Boliviano de Investigación y Desarollo Socio-Integral, Correo Central, San Borja, Beni, Bolivia
| | - Philippe P Hujoel
- School of Dentistry, Department of Oral Health Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, DC, 98119
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Song IS, Han K, Ryu JJ, Park JB. Obesity is inversely related to the risks of dental caries in Korean adults. Oral Dis 2017; 23:1080-1086. [DOI: 10.1111/odi.12693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2017] [Revised: 05/06/2017] [Accepted: 05/15/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- I-S Song
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery; Korea University Anam Hospital; Seoul Korea
| | - K Han
- Department of Biostatistics; College of Medicine; The Catholic University of Korea; Seoul Korea
| | - J-J Ryu
- Department of Prosthodontics; Korea University Anam Hospital; Seoul Korea
| | - J-B Park
- Department of Periodontics; College of Medicine; The Catholic University of Korea; Seoul Korea
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Pitts NB, Zero DT, Marsh PD, Ekstrand K, Weintraub JA, Ramos-Gomez F, Tagami J, Twetman S, Tsakos G, Ismail A. Dental caries. Nat Rev Dis Primers 2017; 3:17030. [PMID: 28540937 DOI: 10.1038/nrdp.2017.30] [Citation(s) in RCA: 775] [Impact Index Per Article: 110.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Dental caries is a biofilm-mediated, sugar-driven, multifactorial, dynamic disease that results in the phasic demineralization and remineralization of dental hard tissues. Caries can occur throughout life, both in primary and permanent dentitions, and can damage the tooth crown and, in later life, exposed root surfaces. The balance between pathological and protective factors influences the initiation and progression of caries. This interplay between factors underpins the classification of individuals and groups into caries risk categories, allowing an increasingly tailored approach to care. Dental caries is an unevenly distributed, preventable disease with considerable economic and quality-of-life burdens. The daily use of fluoride toothpaste is seen as the main reason for the overall decline of caries worldwide over recent decades. This Primer aims to provide a global overview of caries, acknowledging the historical era dominated by restoration of tooth decay by surgical means, but focuses on current, progressive and more holistic long-term, patient-centred, tooth-preserving preventive care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nigel B Pitts
- Dental Innovation and Translation Centre, King's College London Dental Institute, Floor 17 Tower Wing, Guy's Hospital, Great Maze Pond Road, London SE1 9RT, UK
| | - Domenick T Zero
- Department of Cariology Operative Dentistry and Dental Public Health, Oral Health Research Institute, Indiana University School of Dentistry, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
| | - Phil D Marsh
- Department of Oral Biology, School of Dentistry, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | - Kim Ekstrand
- Department of Odontology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jane A Weintraub
- Department of Dental Ecology, University of North Carolina School of Dentistry, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Francisco Ramos-Gomez
- UCLA Center Children's Oral Health - UCCOH and Section of Pediatric Dentistry, UCLA School of Dentistry, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Junji Tagami
- Cariology and Operative Dentistry, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Svante Twetman
- Department of Odontology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Georgios Tsakos
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, UCL, London, UK
| | - Amid Ismail
- Restorative Dentistry, Maurice H. Kornberg School of Dentistry, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
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Somerville AD, Martin MA, Hayes LP, Hayward D, Walker PL, Schoeninger MJ. Exploring Patterns and Pathways of Dietary Change: Preferred Foods, Oral Health, and Stable Isotope Analysis of Hair from the Dani of Mulia, Papua, Indonesia. CURRENT ANTHROPOLOGY 2017. [DOI: 10.1086/690142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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45
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Antunes LAA, Machado CMC, Couto ACK, Lopes LB, Sena FC, Abreu FV, Fraga RS, Küchler EC, Antunes LS. A Polymorphism in the MTRR Gene Is Associated with Early Childhood Caries and Underweight. Caries Res 2017; 51:102-108. [PMID: 28118645 DOI: 10.1159/000451037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2016] [Accepted: 09/20/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Polymorphisms in genes encoding the enzymes involved in the metabolism of homocysteine, such as methionine synthase (MTR) and methionine synthase reductase (MTRR), play an important function in the metabolism of folic acid and vitamin B12. The present study aimed to evaluate the association of polymorphisms in genes MTR (rs1805087) and MTRR (rs1801394) with susceptibility of early childhood caries (ECC) and with body mass index alterations. A cross-sectional study was performed in 488 children aged from 2 to 6 years from 25 public day care centers in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. Demographic data and oral health habits were obtained through a questionnaire. Anthropometric measurements and caries experience data were collected by 2 examiners (κ = 0.80). Genotyping of the selected polymorphisms was carried out by TaqMan real-time PCR using genomic DNA extracted from buccal cells. Allele and genotype frequencies were compared between groups with and without disease. The t test, χ2 test, odds ratio, Pearson correlation tests, and logistic regression analysis were used (p ≤ 0.05). The mean white spot lesion score was 1.18 (±2.57) in normal weight children and 2.50 (±3.87) in underweight children (p = 0.05). For MTRR polymorphisms, significant differences were observed for allele and genotype frequency distributions between caries-free and caries-affected children (p = 0.03 and 0.04 for allele and genotype frequencies, respectively) and in the genotype frequencies between normal weight and underweight children (p = 0.04). Our results suggest an association between underweight and ECC; in addition it is suggested that MTRR is a common genetic risk factor for ECC and underweight.
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Testa M, Erbiti S, Delgado A, Cardenas I. Evaluation of oral microbiota in undernourished and eutrophic children using checkerboard DNA-DNA hybridization. Anaerobe 2016; 42:55-59. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anaerobe.2016.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2016] [Revised: 07/07/2016] [Accepted: 08/18/2016] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Liang JJ, Zhang ZQ, Chen YJ, Mai JC, Ma J, Yang WH, Jing J. Dental caries is negatively correlated with body mass index among 7-9 years old children in Guangzhou, China. BMC Public Health 2016; 16:638. [PMID: 27456686 PMCID: PMC4960882 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-016-3295-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2016] [Accepted: 07/05/2016] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Evidence linking caries in primary dentition and children's anthropometric measures is contradictory. We aimed to evaluate the prevalence of primary dental caries and its relationship with body mass index (BMI) among 7-9 years old school children in urban Guangzhou, China. METHODS This cross-sectional study enrolled 32,461 pupils (14,778 girls and 17,683 boys) aged 7-9 years from 65 elementary schools in Guangzhou. Dental caries was detected according to criteria recommended by the World Health Organization (WHO). The total mean decayed, missing or filled teeth (dmft) of primary dentition were assessed. Weight and height were measured and BMI was calculated. Children were classified into underweight, normal weight, overweight and obesity groups by BMI based on Chinese criteria. Z-score of BMI-for-age (BAZ) was calculated by WHO standardized procedure. Multivariable odds ratios (ORs) and 95 % confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated using logistic regression. Restricted cubic spline regression was applied to evaluate the shape of the relationship between BAZ and primary dental caries. RESULTS The prevalence of primary dental caries was 30.7 % in total sample. Regarding dmft values, the mean ± standard deviation (SD) in the combined sample were 1.03 ± 2.05 in boys and 0.93 ± 1.92 in girls. Both indices decreased by age. Compared with normal BMI group, children in overweight and obesity groups have 27 % (OR = 0.73, 95 % CI: 0.66-0.81, P < 0.0001) and 34 % (OR = 0.66, 95 % CI: 0.59-0.74, P < 0.0001) lower odds for the presence of primary dental caries after adjustment for age and gender, respectively. Although in general, increased BAZ was associated with decreased risk of dental caries, full-range BAZ was associated with dental caries in an A-shaped manner with a zenith at around -1.4. CONCLUSION Higher BMI was associated with lower odds of caries; overweight and obese children were more likely to be primary dental caries free among 7-9 years in Guangzhou, China.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing-jing Liang
- Department of Maternal and Child Health, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510080 People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhe-qing Zhang
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515 China
| | - Ya-jun Chen
- Department of Maternal and Child Health, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510080 People’s Republic of China
| | - Jin-cheng Mai
- Guangzhou Health Care Clinics of Middle and Primary Schools, Guangzhou, 510080 China
| | - Jun Ma
- Institute of Child and Adolescent Health, Public Health of Peking University, Beijing, 100191 China
| | - Wen-han Yang
- Department of Maternal and Child Health, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510080 People’s Republic of China
| | - Jin Jing
- Department of Maternal and Child Health, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510080 People’s Republic of China
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Wong HM, Peng SM, Wen YF, McGrath CP. A population survey of early factors associated with permanent tooth emergence: findings from a prospective cohort study. Community Dent Oral Epidemiol 2016; 44:467-75. [DOI: 10.1111/cdoe.12236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2015] [Accepted: 04/05/2016] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hai Ming Wong
- Paediatric Dentistry & Orthodontics; Faculty of Dentistry; The University of Hong Kong; Hong Kong
| | - Si-Min Peng
- Paediatric Dentistry & Orthodontics; Faculty of Dentistry; The University of Hong Kong; Hong Kong
| | - Yi Feng Wen
- Paediatric Dentistry & Orthodontics; Faculty of Dentistry; The University of Hong Kong; Hong Kong
| | - Colman P.J. McGrath
- Periodontology & Dental Public Health; Faculty of Dentistry; The University of Hong Kong; Hong Kong
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Grenov B, Briend A, Sangild PT, Thymann T, Rytter MH, Hother AL, Mølgaard C, Michaelsen KF. Undernourished Children and Milk Lactose. Food Nutr Bull 2016; 37:85-99. [PMID: 26893059 DOI: 10.1177/0379572116629024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Lactose is an important energy source in young mammals, and in fully breast-fed human infants, it constitutes around 40% of the total daily energy intake. The role of lactose in feeding of undernourished infants and young children is not well described. OBJECTIVE A narrative review of the potential positive and negative effects of lactose in the treatment of undernourished children. METHODS Searches were conducted using PUBMED and Web of Science up to July 2015. Relevant references in the retrieved articles were included. RESULTS Lactose may exhibit several health benefits in young children, including a prebiotic effect on the gut microbiota and a positive effect on mineral absorption. Studies in piglets suggest there might also be a stimulating effect on growth, relative to other carbohydrates. Lactose intolerance is a potential concern for undernourished children. Most undernourished children seem to tolerate the currently recommended (low lactose level) therapeutic foods well. However, a subgroup of severely undernourished children with secondary lactase deficiency due to severe diarrhea or severe enteropathy may benefit from products with even more restricted lactose content. At limited extra costs, lactose or lactose-containing milk ingredients may have beneficial effects if added to food products for undernourished children. CONCLUSIONS Lactose may be an overlooked beneficial nutrient for young and undernourished children. Research is needed to define the balance between beneficial and detrimental effects of lactose in undernourished children at different ages and with different degrees of diarrhea and intestinal integrity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benedikte Grenov
- Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg C, Denmark
| | - André Briend
- Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg C, Denmark Department for International Health, University of Tampere School of Medicine, Tampere, Finland
| | - Per T Sangild
- Department of Veterinary and Clinical Animal Sciences, Frederiksberg C, Denmark
| | - Thomas Thymann
- Department of Veterinary and Clinical Animal Sciences, Frederiksberg C, Denmark
| | - Maren H Rytter
- Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg C, Denmark
| | - Anne-Louise Hother
- Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg C, Denmark
| | - Christian Mølgaard
- Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg C, Denmark
| | - Kim F Michaelsen
- Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg C, Denmark
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Son SA, Jung KH, Ko CC, Kwon YH. Spectral characteristics of caries-related autofluorescence spectra and their use for diagnosis of caries stage. JOURNAL OF BIOMEDICAL OPTICS 2016; 21:15001. [PMID: 26747473 DOI: 10.1117/1.jbo.21.1.015001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2015] [Accepted: 12/04/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Sung-Ae Son
- Pusan National University, School of Dentistry, Department of Conservative Dentistry, Yangsan 50612, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyeong-Hoon Jung
- Kookmin University, Department of Electrical Engineering, Seoul 02707, Republic of Korea
| | - Ching-Chang Ko
- University of North Carolina, School of Dentistry, Department of Orthodontics, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
| | - Yong Hoon Kwon
- Pusan National University, School of Dentistry, Department of Dental Materials, Yangsan 50612, Republic of Korea
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