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Yang X, Chen Y, Yang Y, Li S, Mi P, Jing N. The molecular and cellular choreography of early mammalian lung development. MEDICAL REVIEW (2021) 2024; 4:192-206. [PMID: 38919401 PMCID: PMC11195428 DOI: 10.1515/mr-2023-0064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2023] [Accepted: 03/08/2024] [Indexed: 06/27/2024]
Abstract
Mammalian lung development starts from a specific cluster of endodermal cells situated within the ventral foregut region. With the orchestrating of delicate choreography of transcription factors, signaling pathways, and cell-cell communications, the endodermal diverticulum extends into the surrounding mesenchyme, and builds the cellular and structural basis of the complex respiratory system. This review provides a comprehensive overview of the current molecular insights of mammalian lung development, with a particular focus on the early stage of lung cell fate differentiation and spatial patterning. Furthermore, we explore the implications of several congenital respiratory diseases and the relevance to early organogenesis. Finally, we summarize the unprecedented knowledge concerning lung cell compositions, regulatory networks as well as the promising prospect for gaining an unbiased understanding of lung development and lung malformations through state-of-the-art single-cell omics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xianfa Yang
- Guangzhou National Laboratory, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Yingying Chen
- Guangzhou National Laboratory, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Yun Yang
- Guangzhou National Laboratory, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
- Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Shiting Li
- Guangzhou National Laboratory, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
- Institute of Biomedical Research, Yunnan University, Kunming, Yunnan Province, China
| | - Panpan Mi
- Guangzhou National Laboratory, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Naihe Jing
- Guangzhou National Laboratory, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
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Bandyopadhyay G, Jehrio MG, Baker C, Bhattacharya S, Misra RS, Huyck HL, Chu C, Myers JR, Ashton J, Polter S, Cochran M, Bushnell T, Dutra J, Katzman PJ, Deutsch GH, Mariani TJ, Pryhuber GS. Bulk RNA sequencing of human pediatric lung cell populations reveals unique transcriptomic signature associated with postnatal pulmonary development. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2024; 326:L604-L617. [PMID: 38442187 DOI: 10.1152/ajplung.00385.2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2023] [Revised: 02/19/2024] [Accepted: 02/27/2024] [Indexed: 03/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Postnatal lung development results in an increasingly functional organ prepared for gas exchange and pathogenic challenges. It is achieved through cellular differentiation and migration. Changes in the tissue architecture during this development process are well-documented and increasing cellular diversity associated with it are reported in recent years. Despite recent progress, transcriptomic and molecular pathways associated with human postnatal lung development are yet to be fully understood. In this study, we investigated gene expression patterns associated with healthy pediatric lung development in four major enriched cell populations (epithelial, endothelial, and nonendothelial mesenchymal cells, along with lung leukocytes) from 1-day-old to 8-yr-old organ donors with no known lung disease. For analysis, we considered the donors in four age groups [less than 30 days old neonates, 30 days to < 1 yr old infants, toddlers (1 to < 2 yr), and children 2 yr and older] and assessed differentially expressed genes (DEG). We found increasing age-associated transcriptional changes in all four major cell types in pediatric lung. Transition from neonate to infant stage showed highest number of DEG compared with the number of DEG found during infant to toddler- or toddler to older children-transitions. Profiles of differential gene expression and further pathway enrichment analyses indicate functional epithelial cell maturation and increased capability of antigen presentation and chemokine-mediated communication. Our study provides a comprehensive reference of gene expression patterns during healthy pediatric lung development that will be useful in identifying and understanding aberrant gene expression patterns associated with early life respiratory diseases.NEW & NOTEWORTHY This study presents postnatal transcriptomic changes in major cell populations in human lung, namely endothelial, epithelial, mesenchymal cells, and leukocytes. Although human postnatal lung development continues through early adulthood, our results demonstrate that greatest transcriptional changes occur in first few months of life during neonate to infant transition. These early transcriptional changes in lung parenchyma are particularly notable for functional maturation and activation of alveolar type II cell genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gautam Bandyopadhyay
- Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York, United States
| | - Matthew G Jehrio
- Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York, United States
| | - Cameron Baker
- UR Genomics Research Center, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York, United States
| | - Soumyaroop Bhattacharya
- Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York, United States
- Program in Pediatric Molecular and Personalized Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York, United States
| | - Ravi S Misra
- Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York, United States
| | - Heidie L Huyck
- Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York, United States
| | - ChinYi Chu
- Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York, United States
- Program in Pediatric Molecular and Personalized Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York, United States
| | - Jason R Myers
- UR Genomics Research Center, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York, United States
| | - John Ashton
- UR Genomics Research Center, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York, United States
| | - Steven Polter
- UR Flow Cytometry Core Facility, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York, United States
| | - Matthew Cochran
- UR Flow Cytometry Core Facility, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York, United States
| | - Timothy Bushnell
- UR Flow Cytometry Core Facility, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York, United States
| | - Jennifer Dutra
- UR Clinical & Translational Science Institute Informatics, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York, United States
| | - Philip J Katzman
- Department of Pathology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York, United States
| | - Gail H Deutsch
- Department of Pathology, Seattle Children's Hospital, Seattle, Washington, United States
| | - Thomas J Mariani
- Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York, United States
- Program in Pediatric Molecular and Personalized Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York, United States
| | - Gloria S Pryhuber
- Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York, United States
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3
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Roeder F, Knudsen L, Schmiedl A. The expression of the surfactant proteins SP-A and SP-B during postnatal alveolarization of the rat lung. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0297889. [PMID: 38483982 PMCID: PMC10939297 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0297889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2023] [Accepted: 01/03/2024] [Indexed: 03/17/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Surfactant-specific proteins (SP) are responsible for the functional and structural integrity as well as for the stabilization of the intra-alveolar surfactant. Morphological lung maturation starts in rat lungs after birth. The aim of this study was to investigate whether the expression of the hydrophilic SP-A and the hydrophobic SP-B is associated with characteristic postnatal changes characterizing morphological lung maturation. METHODS Stereological methods were performed on the light microscope. Using immunohistochemical and molecular biological methods (Western Blot, RT-qPCR), the SP-A and SP-B of adult rat lungs and of those with different postnatal developmental stages (3, 7, 14 and 21 days after birth) were characterized. RESULTS As signs of alveolarization the total septal surface and volume increased and the septal thickness decreased. The significantly highest relative surface fraction of SP-A labeled alveolar epithelial cells type II (AEII) was found together with the highest relative SP-A gene expression before the alveolarization (3th postnatal day). With the downregulation of SP-A gene expression during and after alveolarization (between postnatal days 7 and 14), the surface fraction of the SP-A labeled AEII also decreased, so they are lowest in adult animals. The surface fraction of SP-B labeled AEII and the SP-B gene expression showed the significantly highest levels in adults, the protein expression increased also significantly at the end of morphological lung maturation. There were no alterations in the SP-B expression before and during alveolarization until postnatal day 14. The protein expression as well as the gene expression of SP-A and SP-B correlated very well with the total surface of alveolar septa independent of the postnatal age. CONCLUSION The expression of SP-A and SP-B is differentially associated with morphological lung maturation and correlates with increased septation of alveoli as indirect clue for alveolarization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Franziska Roeder
- Institute of Functional and Applied Anatomy, Medical Hannover School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Lars Knudsen
- Institute of Functional and Applied Anatomy, Medical Hannover School, Hannover, Germany
- Biomedical Research in Endstage and Obstructive Lung Disease Hannover (BREATH), Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Hannover, Germany
| | - Andreas Schmiedl
- Institute of Functional and Applied Anatomy, Medical Hannover School, Hannover, Germany
- Biomedical Research in Endstage and Obstructive Lung Disease Hannover (BREATH), Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Hannover, Germany
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Zhang K, Yao E, Aung T, Chuang PT. The alveolus: Our current knowledge of how the gas exchange unit of the lung is constructed and repaired. Curr Top Dev Biol 2024; 159:59-129. [PMID: 38729684 DOI: 10.1016/bs.ctdb.2024.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/12/2024]
Abstract
The mammalian lung completes its last step of development, alveologenesis, to generate sufficient surface area for gas exchange. In this process, multiple cell types that include alveolar epithelial cells, endothelial cells, and fibroblasts undergo coordinated cell proliferation, cell migration and/or contraction, cell shape changes, and cell-cell and cell-matrix interactions to produce the gas exchange unit: the alveolus. Full functioning of alveoli also involves immune cells and the lymphatic and autonomic nervous system. With the advent of lineage tracing, conditional gene inactivation, transcriptome analysis, live imaging, and lung organoids, our molecular understanding of alveologenesis has advanced significantly. In this review, we summarize the current knowledge of the constituents of the alveolus and the molecular pathways that control alveolar formation. We also discuss how insight into alveolar formation may inform us of alveolar repair/regeneration mechanisms following lung injury and the pathogenic processes that lead to loss of alveoli or tissue fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kuan Zhang
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of California, San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Erica Yao
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of California, San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Thin Aung
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of California, San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Pao-Tien Chuang
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of California, San Francisco, CA, United States.
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Ferner K. Development of the terminal air spaces in the gray short-tailed opossum (Monodelphis domestica)- 3D reconstruction by microcomputed tomography. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0292482. [PMID: 38363783 PMCID: PMC10871483 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0292482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2023] [Accepted: 01/13/2024] [Indexed: 02/18/2024] Open
Abstract
Marsupials are born with structurally immature lungs when compared to eutherian mammals. The gray short-tailed opossum (Monodelphis domestica) is born at the late canalicular stage of lung development. Despite the high degree of immaturity, the lung is functioning as respiratory organ, however supported by the skin for gas exchange during the first postnatal days. Consequently, the majority of lung development takes place in ventilated functioning state during the postnatal period. Microcomputed tomography (μCT) was used to three-dimensionally reconstruct the terminal air spaces in order to reveal the timeline of lung morphogenesis. In addition, lung and air space volume as well as surface area were determined to assess the functional relevance of the structural changes in the developing lung. The development of the terminal air spaces was examined in 35 animals from embryonic day 13, during the postnatal period (neonate to 57 days) and in adults. At birth, the lung of Monodelphis domestica consists of few large terminal air spaces, which are poorly subdivided and open directly from short lobar bronchioles. During the first postnatal week the number of smaller terminal air spaces increases and numerous septal ridges indicate a process of subdivision, attaining the saccular stage by 7 postnatal days. The 3D reconstructions of the terminal air spaces demonstrated massive increases in air sac number and architectural complexity during the postnatal period. Between 28 and 35 postnatal days alveolarization started. Respiratory bronchioles, alveolar ducts and a typical acinus developed. The volume of the air spaces and the surface area for gas exchange increased markedly with alveolarization. The structural transformation from large terminal sacs to the final alveolar lung in the gray short-tailed opossum follows similar patterns as described in other marsupial and placental mammals. The processes involved in sacculation and alveolarization during lung development seem to be highly conservative within mammalian evolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kirsten Ferner
- Department Evolutionary Morphology, Leibniz-Institut für Evolutions- und Biodiversitätsforschung, Museum für Naturkunde, Berlin, Germany
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Ofenheimer A, Breyer MK, Wouters EFM, Schiffers C, Hartl S, Burghuber OC, Krach F, Maninno DM, Franssen FME, Mraz T, Puchhammer P, Breyer-Kohansal R. The effect of body compartments on lung function in childhood and adolescence. Clin Nutr 2024; 43:476-481. [PMID: 38181525 DOI: 10.1016/j.clnu.2023.12.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2023] [Revised: 11/27/2023] [Accepted: 12/13/2023] [Indexed: 01/07/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND There is an association between body composition and lung function, assessed by spirometry, but the effects of body compartments on static lung volumes and its changes during lung growth remain to be explored. We aimed to investigate the association of appendicular lean mass, reflecting skeletal muscle mass, and fat mass on forced and static lung function measures in childhood and adolescence. METHODS In total, 1489 children and adolescents (6-18 years) of the observational, longitudinal (first and second visit within 4 years), general population-based LEAD study have been investigated. The association of appendicular lean mass and fat mass indices (ALMI and FMI; assessed by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry) on lung function by spirometry (FEV1, FVC) and body plethysmography (TLC, RV, FRC) was investigated cross-sectionally. Longitudinal associations between lung function and body compartment changes between the two visits were analyzed. FINDINGS The ALMI is positively associated with FEV1, FVC, and TLC. Contrary, FMI is inversely associated with lung function measures including FRC and RV. During the phase of lung growth, higher gain in muscle mass is associated with higher increases of FVC and TLC. INTERPRETATION This study demonstrates the different effects of muscle and fat mass on forced expiratory and static lung volumes. Achieving and maintaining muscle mass in childhood and adolescence might become an important preventive strategy for lung health in adulthood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alina Ofenheimer
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Lung Health, Vienna, Austria; NUTRIM, School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, the Netherlands.
| | - Marie-Kathrin Breyer
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Lung Health, Vienna, Austria; Department of Respiratory and Pulmonary Diseases, Clinic Penzing, Vienna Health Care Group, Vienna, Austria
| | - Emiel F M Wouters
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Lung Health, Vienna, Austria; NUTRIM, School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | | | - Sylvia Hartl
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Lung Health, Vienna, Austria; Department of Respiratory and Pulmonary Diseases, Clinic Penzing, Vienna Health Care Group, Vienna, Austria; Sigmund Freud University, Medical School, Vienna, Austria
| | - Otto C Burghuber
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Lung Health, Vienna, Austria; Sigmund Freud University, Medical School, Vienna, Austria
| | - Florian Krach
- ETH Zürich, Department of Mathematics, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - David M Maninno
- University of Kentucky, College of Medicine, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Frits M E Franssen
- NUTRIM, School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, the Netherlands; Department of Research and Education, CIRO, Horn, the Netherlands
| | - Tobias Mraz
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Lung Health, Vienna, Austria; Department of Respiratory and Pulmonary Diseases, Clinic Penzing, Vienna Health Care Group, Vienna, Austria
| | | | - Robab Breyer-Kohansal
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Lung Health, Vienna, Austria; Department of Respiratory and Pulmonary Diseases, Clinic Hietzing, Vienna Health Care Group, Vienna, Austria
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Wendel K, Rossholt ME, Gunnarsdottir G, Aas MF, Westvik ÅS, Pripp AH, Carlsen KCL, Fugelseth D, Stiris T, Moltu SJ. Lung function in preterm infants at 3 months corrected age after neonatal LC-PUFA supplementation. Pediatr Pulmonol 2024; 59:389-398. [PMID: 37975489 DOI: 10.1002/ppul.26760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2023] [Revised: 10/17/2023] [Accepted: 11/05/2023] [Indexed: 11/19/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To test the hypothesis that long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acid (LC-PUFA) supplementation improves lung function at 3 months corrected age (CA) compared with standard treatment in very preterm infants. We also aimed to investigate the association between bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD), longitudinal growth, and lung function at 3 months CA. METHODS A secondary analysis from the ImNuT trial, in which 121 infants with gestational age <29 weeks were randomized to a daily supplement with arachidonic acid (ARA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) (ARA:DHA group) or MCT-oil (control group) from birth up to 36 weeks postmenstrual age (PMA). Lung function was assessed at 3 months CA by tidal flow volume loops and the outcomes were the ratio of time to peak tidal expiratory flow to expiratory time (tPTEF /tE ) and tidal volume (VT ) per body weight (mL/kg). RESULTS Thirty-nine infants in the ARA:DHA group versus 51 in the control group had a successful lung function test. There was no mean difference (MD) in tPTEF /tE ratio (MD: 0.01, 95% confidence interval [CI]: -0.04 to 0.05; p = .77) or VT (MD: 0.09 mL/kg, 95% CI: -0.79 to 0.62; p = .81) between the study groups. The multivariable regression model showed that BPD was associated with tPTEF /tE ratio ≤ 0.25 (p = .03) and that an increase in z score for length after 36 weeks PMA correlated positively with VT (mL/kg) (p = .03). CONCLUSION Neonatal LC-PUFA supplementation did not improve lung function at 3 months CA in very preterm infants. BPD was independently associated with reduced lung function, while improved linear growth correlated with higher tidal volumes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristina Wendel
- Department of Neonatal Intensive Care, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Madelaine Eloranta Rossholt
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Pediatric and Adolescence Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Gunnthorunn Gunnarsdottir
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Pediatric Neurology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Marlen Fossan Aas
- Department of Neonatal Intensive Care, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Åsbjørn Schumacher Westvik
- Department of Neonatal Intensive Care, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Are Hugo Pripp
- Oslo Centre of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Karin C Lødrup Carlsen
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Pediatric and Adolescence Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Drude Fugelseth
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Tom Stiris
- Department of Neonatal Intensive Care, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Sissel Jennifer Moltu
- Department of Neonatal Intensive Care, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
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Campos Eusebi W, Iorii T, Presti A, Grimson R, Vázquez-Borsetti P. Divergent Pattern of Development in Rats and Humans. Neurotox Res 2023; 42:7. [PMID: 38147261 DOI: 10.1007/s12640-023-00683-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2023] [Revised: 11/27/2023] [Accepted: 12/10/2023] [Indexed: 12/27/2023]
Abstract
Rattus norvegicus is the second most used laboratory species and the most widely used model in neuroscience. Nonetheless, there is still no agreement regarding the temporal relationship of development between humans and rats. We addressed this question by examining the time required to reach a set of homologous developmental milestones in both species. With this purpose, a database was generated with data collected through a bibliographic survey. This database was in turn compared with other databases about the same topic present in the literature. Finally, the databases were combined, covering for the first time the entire development of the rat including the prenatal, perinatal, and postnatal periods. This combined database includes 362 dates of 181 developmental events for each species. The developmental relationship between humans and rats was better fit by a logarithmic function than by a linear function. As development progresses, an increase in the dispersion of the data is observed. Developmental relationships should not be interpreted as a univocal equivalence. In this work is proposed an alternative interpretation where the age of one species is translated into a range of ages in the other.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wanda Campos Eusebi
- Facultad de Medicina-UBA, Instituto de Biología Celular y Neurociencias "Profesor Eduardo De Robertis" (IBCN), UBA/CONICET, Paraguay 2155 piso 3, 1121 Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Tomas Iorii
- Facultad de Medicina-UBA, Instituto de Biología Celular y Neurociencias "Profesor Eduardo De Robertis" (IBCN), UBA/CONICET, Paraguay 2155 piso 3, 1121 Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Antonella Presti
- Facultad de Medicina-UBA, Instituto de Biología Celular y Neurociencias "Profesor Eduardo De Robertis" (IBCN), UBA/CONICET, Paraguay 2155 piso 3, 1121 Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Rafael Grimson
- 3iA (Instituto de Investigación e Ingeniería Ambiental), UNSAM/CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Pablo Vázquez-Borsetti
- Facultad de Medicina-UBA, Instituto de Biología Celular y Neurociencias "Profesor Eduardo De Robertis" (IBCN), UBA/CONICET, Paraguay 2155 piso 3, 1121 Buenos Aires, Argentina.
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Wang S, Li J, Qian M, Wang J, Tan Y, Ou H, Wang Z, Chen X, Tu Y, Xu K. Excessive aggregation of fine particles may play a crucial role in adolescent spontaneous pneumothorax pathogenesis. PeerJ 2023; 11:e16484. [PMID: 38047016 PMCID: PMC10693242 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.16484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2023] [Accepted: 10/27/2023] [Indexed: 12/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The pathogenesis of primary spontaneous pneumothorax (PSP) is unclear. Fine particles aggregated in the lung can be phagocytosed by alveolar macrophages (AMs) to induce an inflammatory reaction and damage local pulmonary tissue, which could be a mechanism of PSP. This project aimed to explore the pathological association between fine particulate matter and PSP. Methods Thirty pulmonary bullae tissues were obtained from surgery of PSP patients (B group). The adjacent normal tissues of the lungs were defined as the control S group. Another 30 normal lung tissues with nonpneumothorax disease (NPD) were applied as the control N group. Hematoxylin and eosin (H & E), Wright-Giemsa (W-G), Victoria blue, and immunohistochemical (IHC) staining experiments were performed to measure the levels of fine particulate matter, alveolar macrophages (AMs), pulmonary elastic fibers, monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1), and matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) in the lung tissues. The serum levels of MCP-1 and MMP-9 were prospectively analyzed as well. Results Histopathological examinations revealed obvious deposition of fine particulate matter and inflammatory reactions (proliferation of AMs) in the B group, compared with those in the S group and the N group. These alterations were significantly associated with PSP. The numbers of AMs and pulmonary elastic fibers, the positive area of the H-score, as well as the concentrations of MCP-1 and MMP-9 in the lungs of the experimental group were obviously raised compared with the controls (P < 0.05). Conclusions Fine particulate matter aggregation, inflammation (macrophage hyperplasia), and overexpression of MCP-1 and MMP-9 may contribute to the pathogenesis of PSP. The overaccumulation of fine particulate matter may play a crucial part in the occurrence of adolescent and young adult PSP. Trial registration This project was enrolled on the Chinese Clinical Trial Registry: ChiCTR2100051460.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sibo Wang
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, The Southern Yunnan Central Hospital of Yunnan/The First People’s Hospital of Honghe Prefecture, Gejiu, Yunnan, China
| | - Jun Li
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, The Southern Yunnan Central Hospital of Yunnan/The First People’s Hospital of Honghe Prefecture, Gejiu, Yunnan, China
| | - Mengjiao Qian
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, The Southern Yunnan Central Hospital of Yunnan/The First People’s Hospital of Honghe Prefecture, Gejiu, Yunnan, China
| | - Jing Wang
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, The Southern Yunnan Central Hospital of Yunnan/The First People’s Hospital of Honghe Prefecture, Gejiu, Yunnan, China
| | - Yongxing Tan
- Department of Pathology, The Southern Yunnan Central Hospital of Yunnan/The First People’s Hospital of Honghe Prefecture, Gejiu, Yunnan, China
| | - Haibo Ou
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, The Southern Yunnan Central Hospital of Yunnan/The First People’s Hospital of Honghe Prefecture, Gejiu, Yunnan, China
| | - Zhongyin Wang
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, The Southern Yunnan Central Hospital of Yunnan/The First People’s Hospital of Honghe Prefecture, Gejiu, Yunnan, China
| | - Xiao Chen
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, The Southern Yunnan Central Hospital of Yunnan/The First People’s Hospital of Honghe Prefecture, Gejiu, Yunnan, China
| | - Yunjiao Tu
- Department of Pathology, The Southern Yunnan Central Hospital of Yunnan/The First People’s Hospital of Honghe Prefecture, Gejiu, Yunnan, China
| | - Kai Xu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Southern Yunnan Central Hospital of Yunnan/The First People’s Hospital of Honghe Prefecture, Gejiu, Yunnan, China
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10
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McGinn EA, Mandell EW, Smith BJ, Duke JW, Bush A, Abman SH. Dysanapsis as a Determinant of Lung Function in Development and Disease. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2023; 208:956-963. [PMID: 37677135 PMCID: PMC10870865 DOI: 10.1164/rccm.202306-1120pp] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2023] [Accepted: 09/07/2023] [Indexed: 09/09/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | - Erica W. Mandell
- Pediatric Heart Lung Center, Department of Pediatrics
- Department of Neonatology
| | - Bradford J. Smith
- Pediatric Heart Lung Center, Department of Pediatrics
- Department of Pediatric Pulmonary and Sleep Medicine, and
- Department of Bioengineering, Anschutz School of Medicine, University of Colorado–Denver, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Joseph W. Duke
- Department of Biological Sciences, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, Arizona; and
| | - Andrew Bush
- Center for Pediatrics and Child Health, Imperial College of Medicine, London, United Kingdom
| | - Steven H. Abman
- Pediatric Heart Lung Center, Department of Pediatrics
- Department of Pediatric Pulmonary and Sleep Medicine, and
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11
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Usuda H, Watanabe S, T H, Saito M, Sato S, Ikeda H, Kumagai Y, Choolani MC, Kemp MW. Artificial placenta technology: History, potential and perception. Placenta 2023; 141:10-17. [PMID: 37743742 DOI: 10.1016/j.placenta.2022.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2022] [Revised: 09/20/2022] [Accepted: 10/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
As presently conceptualised, the artificial placenta (AP) is an experimental life support platform for extremely preterm infants (i.e. 400-600 g; 21-23+6 weeks of gestation) born at the border of viability. It is based around the oxygenation of the periviable fetus using gas-exchangers connected to the fetal vasculature. In this system, the lung remains fluid-filled and the fetus remains in a quiescent state. The AP has been in development for some sixty years. Over this time, animal experimental models have evolved iteratively from employing external pump-driven systems used to support comparatively mature fetuses (generally goats or sheep) to platforms driven by the fetal heart and used successfully to maintain extremely premature fetuses weighing around 600 g. Simultaneously, sizable advances in neonatal and obstetric care mean that the nature of a potential candidate patient for this therapy, and thus the threshold success level for justifying its adoption, have both changed markedly since this approach was first conceived. Five landmark breakthroughs have occurred over the developmental history of the AP: i) the first human studies reported in the 1950's; ii) foundation animal studies reported in the 1960's; iii) the first extended use of AP technology combined with fetal pulmonary resuscitation reported in the 1990s; iv) the development of AP systems powered by the fetal heart reported in the 2000's; and v) the adaption of this technology to maintain extremely preterm fetuses (i.e. 500-600 g body weight) reported in the 2010's. Using this framework, the present paper will provide a review of the developmental history of this long-running experimental system and up-to-date assessment of the published field today. With the apparent acceleration of AP technology towards clinical application, there has been an increase in the attention paid to the field, along with some inaccurate commentary regarding its potential application and merits. Additionally, this paper will address several misrepresentations regarding the potential application of AP technology that serve to distract from the significant potential of this approach to greatly improve outcomes for extremely preterm infants born at or close to the present border of viability.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Usuda
- Division of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia; Centre for Perinatal and Neonatal Medicine, Tohoku University Hospital, Sendai, Japan
| | - S Watanabe
- Centre for Perinatal and Neonatal Medicine, Tohoku University Hospital, Sendai, Japan
| | - Hanita T
- Centre for Perinatal and Neonatal Medicine, Tohoku University Hospital, Sendai, Japan
| | - M Saito
- Division of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia; Centre for Perinatal and Neonatal Medicine, Tohoku University Hospital, Sendai, Japan
| | - S Sato
- Centre for Perinatal and Neonatal Medicine, Tohoku University Hospital, Sendai, Japan
| | - H Ikeda
- Division of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia; Centre for Perinatal and Neonatal Medicine, Tohoku University Hospital, Sendai, Japan
| | - Y Kumagai
- Centre for Perinatal and Neonatal Medicine, Tohoku University Hospital, Sendai, Japan
| | - M C Choolani
- Women and Infants Research Foundation, King Edward Memorial Hospital, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - M W Kemp
- Division of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia; Centre for Perinatal and Neonatal Medicine, Tohoku University Hospital, Sendai, Japan; School of Veterinary and Life Sciences, Murdoch University, Perth, Western Australia, Australia; Women and Infants Research Foundation, King Edward Memorial Hospital, Perth, Western Australia, Australia; Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore.
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12
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Rao S, Liu M, Iosef C, Knutsen C, Alvira CM. Endothelial-specific loss of IKKβ disrupts pulmonary endothelial angiogenesis and impairs postnatal lung growth. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2023; 325:L299-L313. [PMID: 37310763 PMCID: PMC10625829 DOI: 10.1152/ajplung.00034.2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2023] [Revised: 06/08/2023] [Accepted: 06/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Pulmonary angiogenesis drives alveolarization, but the transcriptional regulators directing pulmonary angiogenesis remain poorly defined. Global, pharmacological inhibition of nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) impairs pulmonary angiogenesis and alveolarization. However, establishing a definitive role for NF-κB in pulmonary vascular development has been hindered by embryonic lethality induced by constitutive deletion of NF-κB family members. We created a mouse model allowing inducible deletion of the NF-κB activator, IKKβ, in endothelial cells (ECs) and assessed the effect on lung structure, endothelial angiogenic function, and the lung transcriptome. Embryonic deletion of IKKβ permitted lung vascular development but resulted in a disorganized vascular plexus, while postnatal deletion significantly decreased radial alveolar counts, vascular density, and proliferation of both endothelial and nonendothelial lung cells. Loss of IKKβ impaired survival, proliferation, migration, and angiogenesis in primary lung ECs in vitro, in association with decreased expression of VEGFR2 and activation of downstream effectors. Loss of endothelial IKKβ in vivo induced broad changes in the lung transcriptome with downregulation of genes related to mitotic cell cycle, extracellular matrix (ECM)-receptor interaction, and vascular development, and the upregulation of genes related to inflammation. Computational deconvolution suggested that loss of endothelial IKKβ decreased general capillary, aerocyte capillary, and alveolar type I cell abundance. Taken together, these data definitively establish an essential role for endogenous endothelial IKKβ signaling during alveolarization. A deeper understanding of the mechanisms directing this developmental, physiological activation of IKKβ in the lung vasculature may provide novel targets for the development of strategies to enhance beneficial proangiogenic signaling in lung development and disease.NEW & NOTEWORTHY This study highlights the cell-specific complexity of nuclear factor kappa B signaling in the developing lung by demonstrating that inducible loss of IKKβ in endothelial cells impairs alveolarization, disrupts EC angiogenic function, and broadly represses genes important for vascular development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shailaja Rao
- Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, California, United States
- Stanford Center for Excellence in Pulmonary Biology, Palo Alto, California, United States
| | - Min Liu
- Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, California, United States
- Stanford Center for Excellence in Pulmonary Biology, Palo Alto, California, United States
| | - Cristiana Iosef
- Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, California, United States
- Stanford Center for Excellence in Pulmonary Biology, Palo Alto, California, United States
| | - Carsten Knutsen
- Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, California, United States
- Stanford Center for Excellence in Pulmonary Biology, Palo Alto, California, United States
| | - Cristina M Alvira
- Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, California, United States
- Stanford Center for Excellence in Pulmonary Biology, Palo Alto, California, United States
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13
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Muro-Valdez JC, Meza-Rios A, Aguilar-Uscanga BR, Lopez-Roa RI, Medina-Díaz E, Franco-Torres EM, Zepeda-Morales ASM. Breastfeeding-Related Health Benefits in Children and Mothers: Vital Organs Perspective. MEDICINA (KAUNAS, LITHUANIA) 2023; 59:1535. [PMID: 37763654 PMCID: PMC10536202 DOI: 10.3390/medicina59091535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2023] [Revised: 07/30/2023] [Accepted: 08/16/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023]
Abstract
Breast milk (BM) is a constantly changing fluid that represents the primary source of nutrition for newborns. It is widely recognized that breastfeeding provides benefits for both the child and the mother, including a lower risk of ovarian and breast cancer, type 2 diabetes mellitus, decreased blood pressure, and more. In infants, breastfeeding has been correlated with a lower risk of infectious diseases, obesity, lower blood pressure, and decreased incidence of respiratory infections, diabetes, and asthma. Various factors, such as the baby's sex, the health status of the mother and child, the mother's diet, and the mode of delivery, can affect the composition of breast milk. This review focuses on the biological impact of the nutrients in BM on the development and functionality of vital organs to promote the benefit of health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julio César Muro-Valdez
- Laboratorio de Análisis Clínicos y Bacteriológicos (Vinculación), Departamento de Farmacobiología, CUCEI, Universidad de Guadalajara, Boulevard Marcelino García Barragán, No. 1421, Guadalajara 44430, Mexico; (J.C.M.-V.); (A.M.-R.)
| | - Alejandra Meza-Rios
- Laboratorio de Análisis Clínicos y Bacteriológicos (Vinculación), Departamento de Farmacobiología, CUCEI, Universidad de Guadalajara, Boulevard Marcelino García Barragán, No. 1421, Guadalajara 44430, Mexico; (J.C.M.-V.); (A.M.-R.)
| | - Blanca Rosa Aguilar-Uscanga
- Laboratorio de Microbiología Industrial, Departamento de Farmacobiología, CUCEI, Universidad de Guadalajara, Boulevard Marcelino García Barragán, No. 1421, Guadalajara 44430, Mexico
| | - Rocio Ivette Lopez-Roa
- Laboratorio de Investigación y Desarrollo Farmacéutico, Departamento de Farmacobiología, CUCEI, Universidad de Guadalajara, Boulevard Marcelino García Barragán, No. 1421, Guadalajara 44430, Mexico
| | - Eunice Medina-Díaz
- Instituto Transdisciplinar de Investigación y Servicios, CUCEI, Universidad de Guadalajara, Av. José Parres Arias 5, Rinconada de la Azalea, Industrial Belenes, Zapopan 45150, Mexico
| | - Esmeralda Marisol Franco-Torres
- Laboratorio de Investigación y Desarrollo Farmacéutico, Departamento de Farmacobiología, CUCEI, Universidad de Guadalajara, Boulevard Marcelino García Barragán, No. 1421, Guadalajara 44430, Mexico
| | - Adelaida Sara Minia Zepeda-Morales
- Laboratorio de Análisis Clínicos y Bacteriológicos (Vinculación), Departamento de Farmacobiología, CUCEI, Universidad de Guadalajara, Boulevard Marcelino García Barragán, No. 1421, Guadalajara 44430, Mexico; (J.C.M.-V.); (A.M.-R.)
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14
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Urs R, Ni Chin R, Hemy N, Wilson AC, Pillow JJ, Hall GL, Simpson SJ. Elevated leukotriene B4 and 8-isoprostane in exhaled breath condensate from preterm-born infants. BMC Pediatr 2023; 23:386. [PMID: 37543578 PMCID: PMC10403823 DOI: 10.1186/s12887-023-04210-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2023] [Accepted: 07/24/2023] [Indexed: 08/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Inflammation and oxidative stress play a key role in the development of bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD), possibly contributing to persistent respiratory morbidity after preterm birth. We aimed to assess if inflammatory markers were elevated in exhaled breath condensate (EBC) of infants born very prematurely (< 32 weeks gestation) at 12-16 corrected months of age, and if increased levels were associated with BPD diagnosis and respiratory morbidity. METHODS EBC samples and respiratory questionnaires were collected from 15 term-born infants and 33 preterm-born infants, 12 with a neonatal BPD diagnosis. EBC samples were analysed for leukotriene B4 (inflammation) and 8-isoprostane (oxidative stress) concentrations using enzyme-linked immune-assays. Differences between groups were analysed by Kruskal-Wallis Test with post-hoc comparisons, independent samples t-test or Mann-Whitney U test depending on normality of the data. RESULTS Leukotriene B4 and 8-isoprostane levels were elevated in exhaled breath condensate of preterm-born infants compared to those born at term (mean difference [95% CI]; 1.52 [0.45, 2.59], p = 0.02; 0.77 [0.52, 1.02], p < 0.001, respectively). Leukotriene B4 and 8-isoprostane levels were independent of BPD diagnosis and respiratory morbidity over the first year of life. CONCLUSIONS Infants born very prematurely exhibit elevated markers of airway neutrophilic inflammation and oxidative stress beyond the first year of life, regardless of a neonatal diagnosis of chronic lung disease or respiratory morbidity during infancy. These findings may have implications for future lung health. TRIAL REGISTRATION N/A.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rhea Urs
- School of Allied Health, Curtin University, Perth, WA, Australia.
- Wal-yan Respiratory Centre, Telethon Kids Institute, Perth, WA, Australia.
| | - Rubi Ni Chin
- Wal-yan Respiratory Centre, Telethon Kids Institute, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Naomi Hemy
- Wal-yan Respiratory Centre, Telethon Kids Institute, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Andrew C Wilson
- School of Allied Health, Curtin University, Perth, WA, Australia
- Wal-yan Respiratory Centre, Telethon Kids Institute, Perth, WA, Australia
- Perth Children's Hospital, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - J Jane Pillow
- Wal-yan Respiratory Centre, Telethon Kids Institute, Perth, WA, Australia
- School of Human Sciences, University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Graham L Hall
- School of Allied Health, Curtin University, Perth, WA, Australia
- Wal-yan Respiratory Centre, Telethon Kids Institute, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Shannon J Simpson
- School of Allied Health, Curtin University, Perth, WA, Australia
- Wal-yan Respiratory Centre, Telethon Kids Institute, Perth, WA, Australia
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15
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Althammer A, Prückner S, Gehring GC, Lieftüchter V, Trentzsch H, Hoffmann F. Systemic review of age brackets in pediatric emergency medicine literature and the development of a universal age classification for pediatric emergency patients - the Munich Age Classification System (MACS). BMC Emerg Med 2023; 23:77. [PMID: 37491219 PMCID: PMC10369835 DOI: 10.1186/s12873-023-00851-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2022] [Accepted: 07/14/2023] [Indexed: 07/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Currently arbitrary, inconsistent and non-evidence-based age cutoffs are used in the literature to classify pediatric emergencies. None of these classifications have valid medical rationale. This leads to confusion and poor comparability of the different study results. To clarify this problem, this paper presents a systematic review of the commonly used age limits from 115 relevant articles. In the literature search 6226 articles were screened. To be included, the articles had to address the following three topics: "health services research in emergency medicine", "pediatrics" and "age as a differentiator". Physiologic and anatomic principles with reference to emergency medicine were used to solve the problem to create a medically based age classification for the first time.The Munich Age Classification System (MACS) presented in this paper is thus consistent with previous literature and is based on medical evidence. In the future, MAC should lead to ensure that a uniform classification is used. This will allow a better comparability of study results and enable meta-analyses across studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Althammer
- Institut für Notfallmedizin und Medizinmanagement (INM), Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Schillerstr. 53, 80336, Munich, Germany.
- Department of Anesthesiology, Universitätsklinikum Augsburg, Stenglinstraße 2, 86156, Augsburg, Germany.
| | - Stephan Prückner
- Institut für Notfallmedizin und Medizinmanagement (INM), Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Schillerstr. 53, 80336, Munich, Germany
| | - Geogr Christian Gehring
- Institut für Notfallmedizin und Medizinmanagement (INM), Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Schillerstr. 53, 80336, Munich, Germany
| | - Victoria Lieftüchter
- Pediatric Intensive Care and Emergency Medicine, Dr. von Hauner Children's Hospital, Ludwig- Maximilians-University, Lindwurmstraße 4, 80337, Munich, Germany
| | - Heiko Trentzsch
- Institut für Notfallmedizin und Medizinmanagement (INM), Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Schillerstr. 53, 80336, Munich, Germany
| | - Florian Hoffmann
- Pediatric Intensive Care and Emergency Medicine, Dr. von Hauner Children's Hospital, Ludwig- Maximilians-University, Lindwurmstraße 4, 80337, Munich, Germany
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16
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Bush D, Juliano C, Bowler S, Tiozzo C. Development and Disorders of the Airway in Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia. CHILDREN (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 10:1127. [PMID: 37508624 PMCID: PMC10378517 DOI: 10.3390/children10071127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2023] [Revised: 06/07/2023] [Accepted: 06/26/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023]
Abstract
Bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD), a disorder characterized by arrested lung development, is a frequent cause of morbidity and mortality in premature infants. Parenchymal lung changes in BPD are relatively well-characterized and highly studied; however, there has been less emphasis placed on the role that airways disease plays in the pathophysiology of BPD. In preterm infants born between 22 and 32 weeks gestation, the conducting airways are fully formed but still immature and therefore susceptible to injury and further disruption of development. The arrest of maturation results in more compliant airways that are more susceptible to deformation and damage. Consequently, neonates with BPD are prone to developing airway pathology, particularly for patients who require intubation and positive-pressure ventilation. Airway pathology, which can be divided into large and small airways disease, results in increased respiratory morbidity in neonates with chronic lung disease of prematurity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Douglas Bush
- Division of Pediatric Pulmonology, Department of Pediatrics, Mount Sinai Hospital, Icahn School of Medicine, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Courtney Juliano
- Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, Mount Sinai Hospital, Icahn School of Medicine, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Selina Bowler
- Department of Pediatrics, New York University Langone-Long Island, Mineola, NY 11501, USA
| | - Caterina Tiozzo
- Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, Mount Sinai Hospital, Icahn School of Medicine, New York, NY 10029, USA
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17
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Dhingra R, Keeler C, Staley BS, Jardel HV, Ward-Caviness C, Rebuli ME, Xi Y, Rappazzo K, Hernandez M, Chelminski AN, Jaspers I, Rappold AG. Wildfire smoke exposure and early childhood respiratory health: a study of prescription claims data. Environ Health 2023; 22:48. [PMID: 37370168 PMCID: PMC10294519 DOI: 10.1186/s12940-023-00998-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2023] [Accepted: 06/08/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023]
Abstract
Wildfire smoke is associated with short-term respiratory outcomes including asthma exacerbation in children. As investigations into developmental wildfire smoke exposure on children's longer-term respiratory health are sparse, we investigated associations between developmental wildfire smoke exposure and first use of respiratory medications. Prescription claims from IBM MarketScan Commercial Claims and Encounters database were linked with wildfire smoke plume data from NASA satellites based on Metropolitan Statistical Area (MSA). A retrospective cohort of live infants (2010-2016) born into MSAs in six western states (U.S.A.), having prescription insurance, and whose birthdate was estimable from claims data was constructed (N = 184,703); of these, gestational age was estimated for 113,154 infants. The residential MSA, gestational age, and birthdate were used to estimate average weekly smoke exposure days (smoke-day) for each developmental period: three trimesters, and two sequential 12-week periods post-birth. Medications treating respiratory tract inflammation were classified using active ingredient and mode of administration into three categories:: 'upper respiratory', 'lower respiratory', 'systemic anti-inflammatory'. To evaluate associations between wildfire smoke exposure and medication usage, Cox models associating smoke-days with first observed prescription of each medication category were adjusted for infant sex, birth-season, and birthyear with a random intercept for MSA. Smoke exposure during postnatal periods was associated with earlier first use of upper respiratory medications (1-12 weeks: hazard ratio (HR) = 1.094 per 1-day increase in average weekly smoke-day, 95%CI: (1.005,1.191); 13-24 weeks: HR = 1.108, 95%CI: (1.016,1.209)). Protective associations were observed during gestational windows for both lower respiratory and systemic anti-inflammatory medications; it is possible that these associations may be a consequence of live-birth bias. These findings suggest wildfire smoke exposure during early postnatal developmental periods impact subsequent early life respiratory health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Radhika Dhingra
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina, 135 Dauer Drive, C.B 7431, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA.
- Brody School of Medicine, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC, USA.
| | - Corinna Keeler
- Department of Epidemiology, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Brooke S Staley
- Department of Epidemiology, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Hanna V Jardel
- Department of Epidemiology, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
- Center for Public Health and Environmental Assessment, United States Environmental Protection Agency, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Cavin Ward-Caviness
- Center for Public Health and Environmental Assessment, United States Environmental Protection Agency, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Meghan E Rebuli
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
- Center for Environmental Medicine, Asthma, and Lung Biology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Yuzhi Xi
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina, 135 Dauer Drive, C.B 7431, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
| | - Kristen Rappazzo
- Center for Public Health and Environmental Assessment, United States Environmental Protection Agency, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Michelle Hernandez
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Ann N Chelminski
- Center for Public Health and Environmental Assessment, United States Environmental Protection Agency, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Ilona Jaspers
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
- Center for Environmental Medicine, Asthma, and Lung Biology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Ana G Rappold
- Center for Public Health and Environmental Assessment, United States Environmental Protection Agency, Durham, NC, USA
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18
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Cho J, Han SC, Ho Hwang J, Song J. Characterization of immune development of fetal and early-life of minipigs. Int Immunopharmacol 2023; 120:110310. [PMID: 37196561 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2023.110310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2023] [Revised: 04/27/2023] [Accepted: 05/06/2023] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Fetal and child's immune systems differ from those of adults. Developing immune systems exhibit increased or decreased sensitivity to drugs, infection, or toxicants compared to adult immune systems. Understanding fetal and neonatal immune systems will help predict toxicity or the pathogenesis or prognosis of diseases. In this study, we evaluated whether the innate and adaptive immune system of fetal and young minipigs could respond to external stimuli compared to a medium-treated group and analyzed several immunological parameters for developmental immunotoxicity according to developmental stages. We performed a hematological analysis of fetal cord bloods and the bloods of neonatal and 4-week-old piglets. Splenocytes were isolated at each developmental stage and treated with lipopolysaccharide (LPS), R848, and concanavalin A (ConA). Various cytokines were measured in the cell supernatants. Total antibody production was also evaluated in serum. The percentage of lymphocytes was dominant in gestational weeks (GW) 10 and 12 and started to decrease from postnatal day (PND) 0. From PND0, the percentage of neutrophils increased. Interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6, and interferon (IFN)-α were induced from GW10 in response to LPS and R848 stimulation. Th1 cytokine induction was detected from PND0 upon ConA stimulation, whereas Th2 cytokine release was observed from GW10. IgM and IgG production was sustained at low levels at fetal stages and was significantly increased after birth. This study reconfirmed that the fetal immune system could respond to external stimuli and that hematological analysis, cytokine evaluation, and antibody subclass measurement can be useful parameters for developmental immunotoxicity using minipigs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeonghee Cho
- Animal Model Research Group, Korea Institute of Toxicology, Jeongeup 56212, Republic of Korea; Graduate School of Konyang University of Bioconvergence, Department of Bio-Non-Clinical Science, 158, Gwanjeodong-ro, Seo-gu, Daejeon 35365, Republic of Korea
| | - Su-Cheol Han
- Jeonbuk Branch Institute, Korea Institute of Toxicology, Jeongeup 56212, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong Ho Hwang
- Animal Model Research Group, Korea Institute of Toxicology, Jeongeup 56212, Republic of Korea.
| | - Jeongah Song
- Animal Model Research Group, Korea Institute of Toxicology, Jeongeup 56212, Republic of Korea.
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19
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Yie TA, Loomis CA, Nowatzky J, Khodadadi-Jamayran A, Lin Z, Cammer M, Barnett C, Mezzano V, Alu M, Novick JA, Munger JS, Kugler MC. Hedgehog and Platelet-derived Growth Factor Signaling Intersect during Postnatal Lung Development. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 2023; 68:523-536. [PMID: 36693140 PMCID: PMC10174164 DOI: 10.1165/rcmb.2022-0269oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2021] [Accepted: 01/24/2023] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Normal lung development critically depends on HH (Hedgehog) and PDGF (platelet-derived growth factor) signaling, which coordinate mesenchymal differentiation and proliferation. PDGF signaling is required for postnatal alveolar septum formation by myofibroblasts. Recently, we demonstrated a requirement for HH in postnatal lung development involving alveolar myofibroblast differentiation. Given shared features of HH signaling and PDGF signaling and their impact on this key cell type, we sought to clarify their relationship during murine postnatal lung development. Timed experiments revealed that HH inhibition phenocopies the key lung myofibroblast phenotypes of Pdgfa (platelet-derived growth factor subunit A) and Pdgfra (platelet-derived growth factor receptor alpha) knockouts during secondary alveolar septation. Using a dual signaling reporter, Gli1lZ;PdgfraEGFP, we show that HH and PDGF pathway intermediates are concurrently expressed during alveolar septal myofibroblast accumulation, suggesting pathway convergence in the generation of lung myofibroblasts. Consistent with this hypothesis, HH inhibition reduces Pdgfra expression and diminishes the number of Pdgfra-positive and Pdgfra-lineage cells in postnatal lungs. Bulk RNA sequencing data of Pdgfra-expressing cells from Postnatal Day 8 (P8) lungs show that HH inhibition alters the expression not only of well-established HH targets but also of several putative PDGF target genes. This, together with the presence of Gli-binding sites in PDGF target genes, suggests HH input into PDGF signaling. We identified these HH/PDGF targets in several postnatal lung mesenchymal cell populations, including myofibroblasts, using single-cell transcriptomic analysis. Collectively, our data indicate that HH signaling and PDGF signaling intersect to support myofibroblast/fibroblast function during secondary alveolar septum formation. Moreover, they provide a molecular foundation relevant to perinatal lung diseases associated with impaired alveolarization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting-An Yie
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine and
| | | | - Johannes Nowatzky
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine
- Department of Pathology
| | | | | | | | - Clea Barnett
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine and
| | | | | | | | - John S. Munger
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine and
- Department of Cell Biology, School of Medicine and Langone Medical Center, New York University, New York, New York
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Kersten CM, Hermelijn SM, Dossche LWJ, Muthialu N, Losty PD, Schurink M, Rietman AB, Poley MJ, van Rosmalen J, Zanen-van den Adel TPL, Ciet P, von der Thüsen J, Brosens E, Ijsselstijn H, Tiddens HAWM, Wijnen RMH, Schnater JM. COllaborative Neonatal Network for the first European CPAM Trial (CONNECT): a study protocol for a randomised controlled trial. BMJ Open 2023; 13:e071989. [PMID: 36931672 PMCID: PMC10030930 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2023-071989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/19/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Consensus is lacking on the optimal management of asymptomatic congenital pulmonary airway malformation (CPAM). For future studies, the CONNECT consortium (the COllaborative Neonatal Network for the first European CPAM Trial)-an international collaboration of specialised caregivers-has established consensus on a core outcome set of outcome parameters concerning respiratory insufficiency, surgical complications, mass effect and multifocal disease. These outcome parameters have been incorporated in the CONNECT trial, a randomised controlled trial which, in order to develop evidence-based practice, aims to compare conservative and surgical management of patients with an asymptomatic CPAM. METHODS AND ANALYSIS Children are eligible for inclusion after the CPAM diagnosis has been confirmed on postnatal chest CT scan and they remain asymptomatic. On inclusion, children are randomised to receive either conservative or surgical management. Subsequently, children in both groups are enrolled into a standardised, 5-year follow-up programme with three visits, including a repeat chest CT scan at 2.5 years and a standardised exercise tolerance test at 5 years.The primary outcome is exercise tolerance at age 5 years, measured according to the Bruce treadmill protocol. Secondary outcome measures are molecular genetic diagnostics, validated questionnaires-on parental anxiety, quality of life and healthcare consumption-, repeated imaging and pulmonary morbidity during follow-up, as well as surgical complications and histopathology. This trial aims to end the continuous debate surrounding the optimal management of asymptomatic CPAM. ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION This study is being conducted in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki. The Medical Ethics Review Board of Erasmus University Medical Centre Rotterdam, The Netherlands, has approved this protocol (MEC-2022-0441). Results will be disseminated through peer-reviewed scientific journals and conference presentations. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER NCT05701514.
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Affiliation(s)
- Casper M Kersten
- Paediatric Surgery, Erasmus MC Sophia Children's Hospital, Rotterdam, Zuid-Holland, Netherlands
| | - Sergei M Hermelijn
- Paediatric Surgery, Erasmus MC Sophia Children's Hospital, Rotterdam, Zuid-Holland, Netherlands
| | - Louis W J Dossche
- Paediatric Surgery, Erasmus MC Sophia Children's Hospital, Rotterdam, Zuid-Holland, Netherlands
| | - Nagarajan Muthialu
- Tracheal Team, Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children, London, UK
| | - Paul D Losty
- Paediatric Surgery, Institute Of Life Course And Medical Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
- Paediatric Surgery, Ramathibodi Hospital Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Maarten Schurink
- Paediatric Surgery, Radboud University Medical Centre Amalia Children's Hospital, Nijmegen, the Netherlands, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - André B Rietman
- Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Erasmus MC Sophia Children Hospital, Rotterdam, Zuid-Holland, Netherlands
| | - Marten J Poley
- Paediatric Surgery, Erasmus MC Sophia Children's Hospital, Rotterdam, Zuid-Holland, Netherlands
- Institute for Medical Technology Assessment, Erasmus University Rotterdam, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Joost van Rosmalen
- Biostatistics, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, Zuid-Holland, Netherlands
- Epidemiology, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, Zuid-Holland, Netherlands
| | | | - Pierluigi Ciet
- Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Erasmus MC Sophia Children's Hospital, Rotterdam, Zuid-Holland, Netherlands
- Paediatric Pulmonology, Erasmus MC Sophia Children's Hospital, Rotterdam, Zuid-Holland, Netherlands
- Radiology and Medical Sciences, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | | | - Erwin Brosens
- Clinical Genetics, Erasmus MC Sophia Children's Hospital, Rotterdam, Zuid-Holland, Netherlands
- Erasmus MC Cancer Centre, Rotterdam, Zuid-Holland, Netherlands
| | - Hanneke Ijsselstijn
- Paediatric Surgery, Erasmus MC Sophia Children's Hospital, Rotterdam, Zuid-Holland, Netherlands
| | - Harm A W M Tiddens
- Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Erasmus MC Sophia Children's Hospital, Rotterdam, Zuid-Holland, Netherlands
- Paediatric Pulmonology, Erasmus MC Sophia Children's Hospital, Rotterdam, Zuid-Holland, Netherlands
| | - Rene M H Wijnen
- Paediatric Surgery, Erasmus MC Sophia Children's Hospital, Rotterdam, Zuid-Holland, Netherlands
| | - J Marco Schnater
- Paediatric Surgery, Erasmus MC Sophia Children's Hospital, Rotterdam, Zuid-Holland, Netherlands
- Tracheal Team, Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children, London, UK
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21
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McGowan SE. Discoidin domain receptor-2 enhances secondary alveolar septation in mice by activating integrins and modifying focal adhesions. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2023; 324:L307-L324. [PMID: 36719983 PMCID: PMC9988528 DOI: 10.1152/ajplung.00169.2022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2022] [Revised: 12/20/2022] [Accepted: 01/09/2023] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
The extracellular matrix (ECM) of the pulmonary parenchyma must maintain the structural relationships among resident cells during the constant distortion imposed by respiration. This dictates that both the ECM and cells adapt to changes in shape, while retaining their attachment. Membrane-associated integrins and discoidin domain receptors (DDR) bind collagen and transmit signals to the cellular cytoskeleton. Although the contributions of DDR2 to collagen deposition and remodeling during osseous development are evident, it is unclear how DDR2 contributes to lung development. Using mice (smallie, Slie/Slie, DDR2Δ) bearing a spontaneous inactivating deletion within the DDR2 coding region, we observed a decrease in gas-exchange surface area and enlargement of alveolar ducts. Compared with fibroblasts isolated from littermate controls, DDR2Δ fibroblasts, spread more slowly, developed fewer lamellipodia, and were less responsive to the rigidity of neighboring collagen fibers. Activated β1-integrin (CD29) was reduced in focal adhesions (FA) of DDR2Δ fibroblasts, less phospho-zyxin localized to and fewer FA developed over ventral actin stress fibers, and the adhesions had a lower aspect ratio compared with controls. However, DDR2 deletion did not reduce cellular displacement of the ECM. Our findings indicate that DDR2, in concert with collagen-binding β1-integrins, regulates the timing and location of focal adhesion formation and how lung fibroblasts respond to ECM rigidity. Reduced rigidity sensing and mechano-responsiveness may contribute to the distortion of alveolar ducts, where the fiber cable-network is enriched and tensile forces are concentrated. Strategies targeting DDR2 could help guide fibroblasts to locations where tensile forces organize parenchymal repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen E McGowan
- Department of Veterans Affairs Research Service, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, Iowa, United States
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, Iowa, United States
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22
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Ragionieri L, Scalera E, Zoboli M, Ciccimarra R, Petracco G, Gazza F, Cacchioli A, Storti M, Catozzi C, Ricci F, Ravanetti F. Preterm rabbit-derived Precision Cut Lung Slices as alternative model of bronchopulmonary dysplasia in preclinical study: a morphological fine-tuning approach. Ann Anat 2023; 246:152039. [PMID: 36436720 DOI: 10.1016/j.aanat.2022.152039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2022] [Revised: 11/10/2022] [Accepted: 11/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) is the most common complication of preterm delivery, with significant morbidity and mortality in a neonatal intensive care setting. Research in this field aims to identify the mechanisms of late lung development with possible therapeutic targets and the improvement of medical management. Rabbits represent a suitable lab preclinical tool for mimicking the clinical BPD phenotype. Rabbits are born at term in the alveolar phase as occurs in large animals and humans and in addition, they can be delivered prematurely in contrast to mice and rats. Continuous exposure to high oxygen concentration (95% O2) for 7 days induces functional and morphological lung changes in preterm rabbits that resemble those observed in BPD-affected babies. The preclinical research pays great attention to optimize the experimental procedures, reduce the number of animals used in experiments and, where possible, replace animal models with alternative assays, following the principle of the 3 Rs (Replace, Reduce and Refine). The use of in vitro assays based on the ex vivo culture of Precision Cut Lung Slices (PCLS) goes in this direction, representing a good compromise between controlled and flexible in vitro models and the more physiologically relevant in vivo ones. This work aims to set up morphological analyses to be applied in preclinical tests using preterm rabbits derived PCLS, cultured up to 7 days in different oxygen conditions, as a model. After a preliminary optimization of both lung preparation and histological processing methods of the lung slices of 300 µm, the morphological analysis was conducted evaluating a series of histomorphometric parameters derived from those widely used to follow the phases of lung development and its alterations in vivo. Our histomorphometric results demonstrated that the greatest differences from pseudo-normoxia and hyperoxia exposed samples at day 0, used as starting points to compare changes due to treatments and time, are detectable after 4 days of in vitro culture, representing the most suitable time point for analysis in preclinical screening. The combination of parameters suitable for evaluating PCLS morphology in vitro resulted to be Tissue Density and Septal Thickness. Shape Factor and Roughness, evaluated to highlight the increasing complexity of the airspaces, due to the formation of septal crests, gave useful information, however, without significant differences up to day 4. Other parameters like Mean Linear Intercept and Septal Density did not allow to highlight significant differences between different oxygen conditions and time points. Instead, Radial Alveolar Count, could not be applied to PCLS, due to the tissue changes following agar infusion and culture conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luisa Ragionieri
- Dept. of Veterinary Science, University of Parma, Via del Taglio 10, Parma 43126, Italy
| | - Enrica Scalera
- Corporate R&D Preclinical Department, Chiesi Farmaceutici S.p.A, Largo Belloli, 11/A, 43122 Parma, Italy
| | - Matteo Zoboli
- Dept. of Veterinary Science, University of Parma, Via del Taglio 10, Parma 43126, Italy
| | - Roberta Ciccimarra
- Dept. of Veterinary Science, University of Parma, Via del Taglio 10, Parma 43126, Italy
| | - Giulia Petracco
- Corporate R&D Preclinical Department, Chiesi Farmaceutici S.p.A, Largo Belloli, 11/A, 43122 Parma, Italy
| | - Ferdinando Gazza
- Dept. of Veterinary Science, University of Parma, Via del Taglio 10, Parma 43126, Italy.
| | - Antonio Cacchioli
- Dept. of Veterinary Science, University of Parma, Via del Taglio 10, Parma 43126, Italy
| | - Matteo Storti
- Corporate R&D Preclinical Department, Chiesi Farmaceutici S.p.A, Largo Belloli, 11/A, 43122 Parma, Italy
| | - Chiara Catozzi
- Corporate R&D Preclinical Department, Chiesi Farmaceutici S.p.A, Largo Belloli, 11/A, 43122 Parma, Italy
| | - Francesca Ricci
- Corporate R&D Preclinical Department, Chiesi Farmaceutici S.p.A, Largo Belloli, 11/A, 43122 Parma, Italy
| | - Francesca Ravanetti
- Dept. of Veterinary Science, University of Parma, Via del Taglio 10, Parma 43126, Italy
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23
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Querdibitty CD, Campbell J, Wetherill MS, Salvatore AL. Geographic and social economic disparities in the risk of exposure to ambient air respiratory toxicants at Oklahoma licensed early care and education facilities. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2023; 218:114975. [PMID: 36462693 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2022.114975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2022] [Revised: 11/24/2022] [Accepted: 11/28/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Early life exposures to hazardous air pollutants has been associated with adverse asthma-related outcomes. Neighborhood-level social and economic factors play an essential role in the distribution of hazardous air pollutants and children spend a substantial amount of time at early care and education (ECE) facilities. While the indoor air quality of these facilities has been described, particularly for criteria air pollutants such as volatile organic compounds and particulate matter, little is known about the ambient air quality of ECE facilities. OBJECTIVES We conducted a cross-sectional study to estimate the ambient air quality of Oklahoma licensed ECE facilities and to explore associations between ambient air quality and select geographic predictors. METHODS We estimated ambient air quality using the total respiratory hazard quotient from the National Air Toxics Assessment according to the geographical location of licensed Oklahoma ECE facilities (N = 3184). We then determined whether urban and rural ECE facilities' air respiratory toxicant exposure risk differed by ECE facilities' neighborhood-level social and economic inequities including: 1) racial-ethnic minority community, 2) neighborhood socioeconomic status, and 3) residential segregation. RESULTS Urban ECE facilities in Hispanic segregated counties were five times more likely to be at risk of high air respiratory exposure, adjusted for integrated urban counties (p < 0.0001, 95% CI [3.824, 7.699]). Rural ECE facilities in African American segregated counties were nine times more likely to be at risk of high air respiratory toxicant exposure, adjusted for integrated rural counties (p < 0.0001, 95% CI [5.641, 15.928]). CONCLUSION We found geographically and socially disparate patterns of higher exposures to ambient air respiratory toxicants at Oklahoma ECE facilities. Safer siting policies and interventions are needed to mitigate air respiratory toxicant exposures, which may help to reduce asthma control disparities and improve respiratory health outcomes in Oklahoma ECE facilities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cassandra D Querdibitty
- Department of Health Promotion Sciences, Hudson College of Public Health, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA; Oklahoma Area Tribal Epidemiology Center, Southern Plains Tribal Health Board, Oklahoma City, OK, USA.
| | - Janis Campbell
- Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Hudson College of Public Health, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | - Marianna S Wetherill
- Department of Health Promotion Sciences, Hudson College of Public Health, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | - Alicia L Salvatore
- Department of Health Promotion Sciences, Hudson College of Public Health, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA; Institute for Research on Equity and Community Health (iREACH), Christiana Care, Wilmington, DE, USA; Department of Human Development and Family Sciences, University of Delaware, Newark, DE, USA.
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24
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Shao C, Lu L. PAR2 Overexpression is Involved in the Occurrence of Hyperoxygen-Induced Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia in Rats. Fetal Pediatr Pathol 2023; 42:423-437. [PMID: 36657618 DOI: 10.1080/15513815.2023.2166799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Bronchopulmonary dysplasia is a chronic lung disease commonly seen in preterm infants. It is characterized by delayed development of the alveoli and lung fibrosis. Protease-activated receptor 2 (PAR2) is an inflammatory driver that plays a proinflammatory role mainly through the P38 MAPK/NF-κB signaling pathway. METHODS Newborn rat pups were kept under air or oxygen at >60% concentration. Lung tissues were collected at postnatal days (P) 1, 4, 7, and 10 to observe pathological changes and take measurements. RESULTS In the hyperoxic group, P4 and P7 rats showed delayed alveolar development, septal thickening, and disturbances in alveolar structure.PAR2, P38 MAPK, NF-κB, and IL-18 expression at P4, P7, and P10 was significantly higher than in the air group. CONCLUSION PAR2 is involved in lung injury induced by persistent hyperoxia. Activated PAR2 promotes IL-18 overexpression through the P38 MAPK/NF-κB signaling pathway, which may be an important mechanism of PAR2-mediated lung injury in bronchopulmonary dysplasia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunyan Shao
- Department of Pediatrics, Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, China
| | - Liqun Lu
- Department of Pediatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, China
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25
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Acute Lung Functional and Airway Remodeling Effects of an Inhaled Highly Selective Phosphodiesterase 4 Inhibitor in Ventilated Preterm Lambs Exposed to Chorioamnionitis. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2022; 16:ph16010029. [PMID: 36678525 PMCID: PMC9863035 DOI: 10.3390/ph16010029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2022] [Revised: 12/20/2022] [Accepted: 12/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Phosphodiesterase (PDE) inhibition has been identified in animal studies as a new treatment option for neonatal lung injury, and as potentially beneficial for early lung development and function. However, our group could show that the inhaled PDE4 inhibitor GSK256066 could have dose-dependent detrimental effects and promote lung inflammation in the premature lung. In this study, the effects of a high and a low dose of GSK256066 on lung function, structure and alveolar development were investigated. In a triple hit lamb model of Ureaplasma-induced chorioamnionitis, prematurity, and mechanical ventilation, 21 animals were treated as unventilated (NOVENT) or 24 h ventilated controls (Control), or with combined 24 h ventilation and low dose (iPDE1) or high dose (iPDE10) treatment with inhaled GSK 256066. We found that high doses of an inhaled PDE4 inhibitor impaired oxygenation during mechanical ventilation. In this group, the budding of secondary septae appeared to be decreased in the preterm lung, suggesting altered alveologenesis. Ventilation-induced structural and functional changes were only modestly ameliorated by a low dose of PDE4 inhibitor. In conclusion, our findings indicate the narrow therapeutic window of PDE4 inhibitors in the developing lung.
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26
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De Leon N, Tse WH, Ameis D, Keijzer R. Embryology and anatomy of congenital diaphragmatic hernia. Semin Pediatr Surg 2022; 31:151229. [PMID: 36446305 DOI: 10.1016/j.sempedsurg.2022.151229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Prenatal and postnatal treatment modalities for congenital diaphragmatic hernia (CDH) continue to improve, however patients still face high rates of morbidity and mortality caused by severe underlying persistent pulmonary hypertension and pulmonary hypoplasia. Though the majority of CDH cases are idiopathic, it is believed that CDH is a polygenic developmental defect caused by interactions between candidate genes, as well as environmental and epigenetic factors. However, the origin and pathogenesis of these developmental insults are poorly understood. Further, connections between disrupted lung development and the failure of diaphragmatic closure during embryogenesis have not been fully elucidated. Though several animal models have been useful in identifying candidate genes and disrupted signalling pathways, more studies are required to understand the pathogenesis and to develop effective preventative care. In this article, we summarize the most recent litterature on disrupted embryological lung and diaphragmatic development associated with CDH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nolan De Leon
- Departments of Surgery, Division of Pediatric Surgery, Pediatrics & Child Health and Physiology and Pathophysiology, University of Manitoba and Biology of Breathing Theme, Children's Hospital Research Institute of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Wai Hei Tse
- Departments of Surgery, Division of Pediatric Surgery, Pediatrics & Child Health and Physiology and Pathophysiology, University of Manitoba and Biology of Breathing Theme, Children's Hospital Research Institute of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Dustin Ameis
- Departments of Surgery, Division of Pediatric Surgery, Pediatrics & Child Health and Physiology and Pathophysiology, University of Manitoba and Biology of Breathing Theme, Children's Hospital Research Institute of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Richard Keijzer
- Departments of Surgery, Division of Pediatric Surgery, Pediatrics & Child Health and Physiology and Pathophysiology, University of Manitoba and Biology of Breathing Theme, Children's Hospital Research Institute of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada.
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Zhang K, Yao E, Chuang E, Chen B, Chuang EY, Chuang PT. mTORC1 signaling facilitates differential stem cell differentiation to shape the developing murine lung and is associated with mitochondrial capacity. Nat Commun 2022; 13:7252. [PMID: 36433959 PMCID: PMC9700781 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-34763-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2022] [Accepted: 11/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Formation of branched organs requires sequential differentiation of stem cells. In this work, we find that the conducting airways derived from SOX2+ progenitors in the murine lungs fail to form without mTOR complex 1 (mTORC1) signaling and are replaced by lung cysts. Proximal-distal patterning through transitioning of distal SOX9+ progenitors to proximal SOX2+ cells is disrupted. Mitochondria number and ATP production are reduced. Compromised mitochondrial capacity results in a similar defect as that in mTORC1-deficient lungs. This suggests that mTORC1 promotes differentiation of SOX9+ progenitors to form the conducting airways by modulating mitochondrial capacity. Surprisingly, in all mutants, saccules are produced from lung cysts at the proper developmental time despite defective branching. SOX9+ progenitors also differentiate into alveolar epithelial type I and type II cells within saccules. These findings highlight selective utilization of energy and regulatory programs during stem cell differentiation to produce distinct structures of the mammalian lungs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kuan Zhang
- grid.266102.10000 0001 2297 6811Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of California, San Francisco, CA USA
| | - Erica Yao
- grid.266102.10000 0001 2297 6811Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of California, San Francisco, CA USA
| | - Ethan Chuang
- grid.266102.10000 0001 2297 6811Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of California, San Francisco, CA USA
| | - Biao Chen
- grid.266102.10000 0001 2297 6811Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of California, San Francisco, CA USA
| | - Evelyn Y. Chuang
- grid.266102.10000 0001 2297 6811Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of California, San Francisco, CA USA
| | - Pao-Tien Chuang
- grid.266102.10000 0001 2297 6811Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of California, San Francisco, CA USA
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Association of Exclusive Breastfeeding with Asthma Risk among Preschool Children: An Analysis of National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey Data, 1999 to 2014. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14204250. [PMID: 36296941 PMCID: PMC9607098 DOI: 10.3390/nu14204250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2022] [Revised: 10/01/2022] [Accepted: 10/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Breastmilk contains many important nutrients, anti-inflammatory agents, and immunomodulators. It is the preferred nutrition source for infants. However, the association of the duration of exclusive breastmilk feeding (BMF) with asthma development is unclear. Data on children from the United States who participated in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) from 1999 to 2014 were obtained. We examined the association between the duration of exclusive BMF and asthma in 6000 children (3 to 6 years old). After calculating the duration of exclusive breastfeeding according to answers to NHANES questionnaires, the estimated duration of exclusive BMF was divided into five categories: never breastfed or BMF for 0 to 2 months after birth; BMF for 2 to 4 months after birth; BMF for 4 to 6 months after birth; and BMF for ≥6 months after birth. The overall prevalence of asthma in children aged 3 to 6 years was approximately 13.9%. The risk of asthma was lower in children with an exclusive BMF duration of 4 to 6 months (aOR, 0.69; 95% CI, 0.48–0.98), after adjustment for potentially confounding factors. Subgroup analysis revealed that children of younger ages (3 to 4 years old) benefited most from the protective effects of exclusive BMF for 4 to 6 months (aOR, 0.47; 95% CI, 0.27, 0.8). We found that exclusive BMF, especially BMF for 4 to 6 months, is associated with a decreased risk of asthma in preschool-age children. The protective effect appeared to be diminished in older children. The potential mechanism needs further investigation.
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Dai X, Dharmage SC, Lodge CJ. The relationship of early-life household air pollution with childhood asthma and lung function. Eur Respir Rev 2022; 31:220020. [PMID: 38743526 DOI: 10.1183/16000617.0020-2022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2022] [Accepted: 06/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
The increase in childhood asthma over the past few decades has made it an important public health issue. Poor lung function growth associated with some phenotypes of asthma compounds its long-term impact on the individual. Exposure to early-life household risk factors is believed to be linked with respiratory health while infants' lungs are still developing. This review summarises epidemiological studies and mechanistic evidence focusing on the detrimental effects of early-life household air exposures on the respiratory health of children, in particular effects on asthma and lung function. Many early-life household air exposures, including tobacco smoke, gases from heating and cooking, mould/dampness and cleaning products are associated with childhood asthma development and lung function growth. These exposures may alter structural and mechanical characteristics of infants' lungs and contribute to deficits in later life. In addition, some risk factors, including tobacco smoke and cleaning products, can transmit effects across generations to increase the risk of asthma in subsequent generations. This review supports the hypothesis that risks of asthma and accelerated lung ageing are established in early life. The timing of exposure may be critical in the pathogenesis of respiratory diseases, in terms of future risk of asthma and reduced lung function in adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Dai
- Allergy and Lung Health Unit, Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Shyamali C Dharmage
- Allergy and Lung Health Unit, Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Caroline J Lodge
- Allergy and Lung Health Unit, Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
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30
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de Souza Xavier Costa N, Mirtes Teles A, de Brito JM, de Barros Mendes Lopes T, Calciolari Rossi R, Magalhães Arantes Costa F, Mangueira Saraiva-Romanholo B, Perini A, Furuya TK, Germán Murillo Carrasco A, Matera Veras M, Nascimento Saldiva PH, Chammas R, Mauad T. Allergic sensitization and exposure to ambient air pollution beginning early in life lead to a COPD-like phenotype in young adult mice. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2022; 241:113821. [PMID: 36068749 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2022.113821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2022] [Revised: 06/10/2022] [Accepted: 06/26/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The perinatal period and early infancy are considered critical periods for lung development. During this period, adversities such as environmental exposures, allergic sensitization, and asthma are believed to impact lung health in adulthood. Therefore, we hypothesized that concomitant exposure to allergic sensitization and urban-derived fine particulate matter (PM2.5) in the early postnatal period of mice would cause more profound alterations in lung alveolarization and growth and differently modulate lung inflammation and gene expression than either insult alone in adult life. BALB/c mice were sensitized with ovalbumin (OVA) and exposed to PM2.5 from the fifth day of life. Then, we assessed lung responsiveness, inflammation in BALF, lung tissue, and alveolarization by stereology. In addition, we performed a transcriptomic analysis of lung tissue on the 40th day of life. Our results showed that young adult mice submitted to allergic sensitization and exposure to ambient PM2.5 since early life presented decreased lung growth with impaired alveolarization, a mixed neutrophilic-eosinophilic pattern of lung inflammation, increased airway responsiveness, and increased expression of genes linked to neutrophil recruitment when compared to animals that were OVA-sensitized or PM2.5 exposed only. Both, early life allergic sensitization and PM2.5 exposure, induced inflammation and impaired lung growth, but concomitant exposure was associated with worsened inflammation parameters and caused alveolar enlargement. Our experimental data provide pathological support for the hypothesis that allergic or environmental insults in early life have permanent adverse consequences for lung growth. In addition, combined insults were associated with the development of a COPD-like phenotype in young adult mice. Together with our data, current evidence points to the urgent need for healthier environments with fewer childhood disadvantage factors during the critical windows of lung development and growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natália de Souza Xavier Costa
- Laboratório de Patologia Ambiental e Experimental (LIM05), Departamento de Patologia, Faculdade de Medicina FMUSP, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Aila Mirtes Teles
- Laboratório de Patologia Ambiental e Experimental (LIM05), Departamento de Patologia, Faculdade de Medicina FMUSP, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Jôse Mára de Brito
- Laboratório de Patologia Ambiental e Experimental (LIM05), Departamento de Patologia, Faculdade de Medicina FMUSP, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Thaís de Barros Mendes Lopes
- Laboratório de Patologia Ambiental e Experimental (LIM05), Departamento de Patologia, Faculdade de Medicina FMUSP, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Renata Calciolari Rossi
- Department of Pathology, Universidade do Oeste Paulista UNOESTE, Presidente Prudente, SP, Brazil
| | - Fernanda Magalhães Arantes Costa
- Laboratory of Experimental Therapeutics (LIM20), Department of Medicine, Faculdade de Medicina FMUSP, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Beatriz Mangueira Saraiva-Romanholo
- Laboratory of Experimental Therapeutics (LIM20), Department of Medicine, Faculdade de Medicina FMUSP, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Adenir Perini
- Laboratory of Experimental Therapeutics (LIM20), Department of Medicine, Faculdade de Medicina FMUSP, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Tatiane Katsue Furuya
- Center of Translational Research in Oncology (LIM24), Instituto do Cancer do Estado de Sao Paulo (ICESP), Faculdade de Medicina FMUSP, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Alexis Germán Murillo Carrasco
- Center of Translational Research in Oncology (LIM24), Instituto do Cancer do Estado de Sao Paulo (ICESP), Faculdade de Medicina FMUSP, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Mariana Matera Veras
- Laboratório de Patologia Ambiental e Experimental (LIM05), Departamento de Patologia, Faculdade de Medicina FMUSP, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Paulo Hilário Nascimento Saldiva
- Laboratório de Patologia Ambiental e Experimental (LIM05), Departamento de Patologia, Faculdade de Medicina FMUSP, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Roger Chammas
- Center of Translational Research in Oncology (LIM24), Instituto do Cancer do Estado de Sao Paulo (ICESP), Faculdade de Medicina FMUSP, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Thais Mauad
- Laboratório de Patologia Ambiental e Experimental (LIM05), Departamento de Patologia, Faculdade de Medicina FMUSP, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
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Ishikawa A, Koshiyama K. Mathematical modeling of pulmonary acinus structure: Verification of acinar shape effects on pathway structure using rat lungs. Respir Physiol Neurobiol 2022; 302:103900. [PMID: 35367411 DOI: 10.1016/j.resp.2022.103900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2021] [Revised: 03/18/2022] [Accepted: 03/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The pulmonary acinus is the gas exchange unit in the lung and has a very complex microstructure. The structure model is essential to understand the relationship between structural heterogeneity and mechanical phenomena at the acinus level with computational approaches. We propose an acinus structure model represented by a cluster of truncated octahedra in conical, double-conical, inverted conical, or chestnut-like conical confinement to accommodate recent experimental information of rodent acinar shapes. The basis of the model is the combined use of Voronoi and Delaunay tessellations and the optimization of the ductal tree assuming the number of alveoli and the mean path length as quantities related to gas exchange. Before applying the Voronoi tessellation, controlling the seed coordinates enables us to model acinus with arbitrary shapes. Depending on the acinar shape, the distribution of path length varies. The lengths are more widely spread for the cone acinus, with a bias toward higher values, while most of the lengths for the inverted cone acinus primarily take a similar value. Longer pathways have smaller tortuosity and more generations, and duct length per generation is almost constant irrespective of generation, which agrees well with available experimental data. The pathway structure of cone and chestnut-like cone acini is similar to the surface acini's features reported in experiments. According to space-filling requirements in the lung, other conical acini may also be acceptable. The mathematical acinus structure model with various conical shapes can be a platform for computational studies on regional differences in lung functions along the lung surface, underlying respiratory physiology and pathophysiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atsuki Ishikawa
- Graduate School of Sciences and Technology for Innovation, Tokushima University, Japan
| | - Kenichiro Koshiyama
- Graduate School of Sciences and Technology for Innovation, Tokushima University, Japan; Graduate School of Technology, Industrial and Social Sciences, Tokushima University, Japan.
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A functional circuit formed by the autonomic nerves and myofibroblasts controls mammalian alveolar formation for gas exchange. Dev Cell 2022; 57:1566-1581.e7. [PMID: 35714603 DOI: 10.1016/j.devcel.2022.05.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2021] [Revised: 04/14/2022] [Accepted: 05/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Alveolar formation increases the surface area for gas exchange. A molecular understanding of alveologenesis remains incomplete. Here, we show that the autonomic nerve and alveolar myofibroblast form a functional unit in mice. Myofibroblasts secrete neurotrophins to promote neurite extension/survival, whereas neurotransmitters released from autonomic terminals are necessary for myofibroblast proliferation and migration, a key step in alveologenesis. This establishes a functional link between autonomic innervation and alveolar formation. We also discover that planar cell polarity (PCP) signaling employs a Wnt-Fz/Ror-Vangl cascade to regulate the cytoskeleton and neurotransmitter trafficking/release from the terminals of autonomic nerves. This represents a new aspect of PCP signaling in conferring cellular properties. Together, these studies offer molecular insight into how autonomic activity controls alveolar formation. Our work also illustrates the fundamental principle of how two tissues (e.g., nerves and lungs) interact to build alveoli at the organismal level.
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Zhang K, Yao E, Chen B, Chuang E, Wong J, Seed RI, Nishimura SL, Wolters PJ, Chuang PT. Acquisition of cellular properties during alveolar formation requires differential activity and distribution of mitochondria. eLife 2022; 11:e68598. [PMID: 35384838 PMCID: PMC9183236 DOI: 10.7554/elife.68598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2021] [Accepted: 04/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Alveolar formation requires coordinated movement and interaction between alveolar epithelial cells, mesenchymal myofibroblasts, and endothelial cells/pericytes to produce secondary septa. These processes rely on the acquisition of distinct cellular properties to enable ligand secretion for cell-cell signaling and initiate morphogenesis through cellular contraction, cell migration, and cell shape change. In this study, we showed that mitochondrial activity and distribution play a key role in bestowing cellular functions on both alveolar epithelial cells and mesenchymal myofibroblasts for generating secondary septa to form alveoli in mice. These results suggest that mitochondrial function is tightly regulated to empower cellular machineries in a spatially specific manner. Indeed, such regulation via mitochondria is required for secretion of ligands, such as platelet-derived growth factor, from alveolar epithelial cells to influence myofibroblast proliferation and contraction/migration. Moreover, mitochondrial function enables myofibroblast contraction/migration during alveolar formation. Together, these findings yield novel mechanistic insights into how mitochondria regulate pivotal steps of alveologenesis. They highlight selective utilization of energy in cells and diverse energy demands in different cellular processes during development. Our work serves as a paradigm for studying how mitochondria control tissue patterning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kuan Zhang
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of CaliforniaSan FranciscoUnited States
| | - Erica Yao
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of CaliforniaSan FranciscoUnited States
| | - Biao Chen
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of CaliforniaSan FranciscoUnited States
| | - Ethan Chuang
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of CaliforniaSan FranciscoUnited States
| | - Julia Wong
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of CaliforniaSan FranciscoUnited States
| | - Robert I Seed
- Department of Pathology, University of CaliforniaSan FranciscoUnited States
| | | | - Paul J Wolters
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, Allergy and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of CaliforniaSan FranciscoUnited States
| | - Pao-Tien Chuang
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of CaliforniaSan FranciscoUnited States
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Honeycutt SE, N'Guetta PEY, O'Brien LL. Innervation in organogenesis. Curr Top Dev Biol 2022; 148:195-235. [PMID: 35461566 PMCID: PMC10636594 DOI: 10.1016/bs.ctdb.2022.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Proper innervation of peripheral organs helps to maintain physiological homeostasis and elicit responses to external stimuli. Disruptions to normal function can result in pathophysiological consequences. The establishment of connections and communication between the central nervous system and the peripheral organs is accomplished through the peripheral nervous system. Neuronal connections with target tissues arise from ganglia partitioned throughout the body. Organ innervation is initiated during development with stimuli being conducted through several types of neurons including sympathetic, parasympathetic, and sensory. While the physiological modulation of mature organs by these nerves is largely understood, their role in mammalian development is only beginning to be uncovered. Interactions with cells in target tissues can affect the development and eventual function of several organs, highlighting their significance. This chapter will cover the origin of peripheral neurons, factors mediating organ innervation, and the composition and function of organ-specific nerves during development. This emerging field aims to identify the functional contribution of innervation to development which will inform future investigations of normal and abnormal mammalian organogenesis, as well as contribute to regenerative and organ replacement efforts where nerve-derived signals may have significant implications for the advancement of such studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel E Honeycutt
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
| | - Pierre-Emmanuel Y N'Guetta
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
| | - Lori L O'Brien
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States.
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Dong J, Yang Y, Zhu Y. Recent advances in the understanding of alveolar flow. BIOMICROFLUIDICS 2022; 16:021502. [PMID: 35464135 PMCID: PMC9010052 DOI: 10.1063/5.0084415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2022] [Accepted: 03/29/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Understanding the dynamics of airflow in alveoli and its effect on the behavior of particle transport and deposition is important for understanding lung functions and the cause of many lung diseases. The studies on these areas have drawn substantial attention over the last few decades. This Review discusses the recent progress in the investigation of behavior of airflow in alveoli. The information obtained from studies on the structure of the lung airway tree and alveolar topology is provided first. The current research progress on the modeling of alveoli is then reviewed. The alveolar cell parameters at different generation of branches, issues to model real alveolar flow, and the current numerical and experimental approaches are discussed. The findings on flow behavior, in particular, flow patterns and the mechanism of chaotic flow generation in the alveoli are reviewed next. The different flow patterns under different geometrical and flow conditions are discussed. Finally, developments on microfluidic devices such as lung-on-a-chip devices are reviewed. The issues of current devices are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Yonggang Zhu
- Author to whom correspondence should be addressed:
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Abstract
In evaluating vitamin E (VE) nutritional status of preterm infants, it is essential that any data should be compared with those of healthy term infants, and never with those of adults. Moreover, it should be evaluated in terms of gestational age (GA), not birth weight (BW), because placental transfer of most nutrients from mother to fetus is dependent on GA, not BW. Judging from the limited data during the last 75 years, there was no significant correlation between GA and VE concentrations in circulation or in the red blood cells (RBCs), leukocytes, and buccal mucosal cells. In addition, the oxidizability of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) in plasma or RBCs, as targets for protection by VE chain-breaking ability, was lower in preterm infants. However, because of the minimal information available about hepatic VE levels, which is considered a key determinant of whole body VE status, the decision on whether VE status of preterm infants is comparable with that of term infants should be postponed. Clinical trials of VE supplementation in preterm infants were repeatedly undertaken to investigate whether VE reduces severity or inhibits development of several diseases specific to preterm infants, namely retinopathy of prematurity (ROP), bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD), and germinal matrix hemorrhage - intraventricular hemorrhage (GMH-IVH). Most of these trials resulted in a misfire, with a few exceptions for IVH prevention. However, almost all these studies were performed from 1980s to early 1990s, in the pre-surfactant era, and the study populations were composed of mid-preterm infants with GAs of approximately 30 weeks (wks). There is considerable difference in 'preterm infants' between the pre- and post-surfactant eras; modern neonatal medicine mainly treats preterm infants of 28 wks GA or less. Therefore, these results are difficult to apply in modern neonatal care. Before considering new trials of VE supplementation, we should fully understand modern neonatal medicine, especially the recent method of oxygen supplementation. Additionally, a deeper understanding of recent progress in pathophysiology and therapies for possible target diseases is necessary to decide whether VE administration is still worth re-challenging in modern neonatal intensive care units (NICUs). In this review, we present recent concepts and therapeutic trends in ROP, BPD, and GMH-IVH for those unfamiliar with neonatal medicine. Numerous studies have reported the possible involvement of reactive oxygen species (ROS)-induced damage in relation to supplemental oxygen use, inflammation, and immature antioxidant defense in the development of both BPD and ROP. Various antioxidants effectively prevented the exacerbation of BPD and ROP in animal models. In the future, VE should be re-attempted as a complementary factor in combination with various therapies for BPD, ROP, and GMH-IVH. Because VE is a natural and safe supplement, we are certain that it will attract attention again in preterm medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tohru Ogihara
- Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, Osaka Medical and Pharmaceutical University, Takatsuki, Osaka, Japan.
| | - Makoto Mino
- Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, Osaka Medical and Pharmaceutical University, Takatsuki, Osaka, Japan
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Rochat I, Côté A, Boulet L. Determinants of lung function changes in athletic swimmers. A review. Acta Paediatr 2022; 111:259-264. [PMID: 34480504 PMCID: PMC9292748 DOI: 10.1111/apa.16095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2021] [Revised: 08/06/2021] [Accepted: 09/02/2021] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
AIM To summarise lung function characteristics of athletic swimmers and discuss mechanisms explaining these changes while putting forward the lack of a clear understanding of the precise physiological factors implicated. METHODS Literature search until 07.2021 on Medline and EMBASE using keywords swimming, athletes, respiratory physiology, lung development, lung function tests. Relevant articles in French and English were reviewed. RESULTS We found insufficient data to perform a meta-analysis. However, there is evidence that swimmers have better expiratory flows and increased baseline lung volumes than non-athletes or non-swimmers. Although these features can result from changes in lung development following intense training over the years, the contribution of a genetic predisposition and positive selection cannot be totally excluded. CONCLUSION Disentangling the participation of constitutional factors and years of hard training to explain the larger lung volumes of athletic swimmers is in favour of an adaptative response of the lungs to early swim training through modification of the pathway of lung development. There seems to be an optimal window of opportunity before the end of growth for these adaptational changes to occur. Precise mechanisms, and contribution of adaptative change on lung physiology, remain to be further studied.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabelle Rochat
- Pediatric Pulmonology Unit Lausanne University Hospital Lausanne Switzerland
- Quebec Heart and Lung Institute Laval University Quebec Quebec Canada
| | - Andréanne Côté
- Quebec Heart and Lung Institute Laval University Quebec Quebec Canada
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Trachsel D, Erb TO, Hammer J, von Ungern‐Sternberg BS. Developmental respiratory physiology. Paediatr Anaesth 2022; 32:108-117. [PMID: 34877744 PMCID: PMC9135024 DOI: 10.1111/pan.14362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2021] [Revised: 12/02/2021] [Accepted: 12/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Various developmental aspects of respiratory physiology put infants and young children at an increased risk of respiratory failure, which is associated with a higher rate of critical incidents during anesthesia. The immaturity of control of breathing in infants is reflected by prolonged central apneas and periodic breathing, and an increased risk of apneas after anesthesia. The physiology of the pediatric upper and lower airways is characterized by a higher flow resistance and airway collapsibility. The increased chest wall compliance and reduced gas exchange surface of the lungs reduce the pulmonary oxygen reserve vis-à-vis a higher metabolic oxygen demand, which causes more rapid oxygen desaturation when ventilation is compromised. This review describes the various developmental aspects of respiratory physiology and summarizes anesthetic implications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Trachsel
- Pediatric Intensive Care and PulmonologyUniversity Children’s Hospital of Basel UKBBBaselSwitzerland
| | - Thomas O. Erb
- Department AnesthesiologyUniversity Children’s Hospital of Basel UKBBBaselSwitzerland
| | - Jürg Hammer
- Pediatric Intensive Care and PulmonologyUniversity Children’s Hospital of Basel UKBBBaselSwitzerland
| | - Britta S. von Ungern‐Sternberg
- Department of Anaesthesia and Pain ManagementPerth Children’s HospitalPerthWAAustralia,Division of Emergency Medicine, Anaesthesia and Pain MedicineMedical SchoolThe University of Western AustraliaPerthWAAustralia,Perioperative Medicine TeamTelethon Kids InstitutePerthWAAustralia
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Di Filippo P, Lizzi M, Raso M, Di Pillo S, Chiarelli F, Attanasi M. The Role of Breastfeeding on Respiratory Outcomes Later in Childhood. Front Pediatr 2022; 10:829414. [PMID: 35573946 PMCID: PMC9096137 DOI: 10.3389/fped.2022.829414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2021] [Accepted: 04/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Breastfeeding is associated with a lower risk of wheezing in early childhood, but its effect later in childhood remains unclear. We investigated the association of breastfeeding and respiratory outcomes in children aged 11 years. MATERIALS AND METHODS We performed an observational longitudinal study including 110 prepubertal children. Information about breastfeeding duration, wheezing and asthma was collected by questionnaires. At 11 years of age, we measured spirometry parameters, lung volumes, diffusing lung capacity, and fractional exhaled nitric oxide. We used logistic and linear regression models to examine the associations of breastfeeding duration with the odds of asthma and lung function measures. All multivariable analyses were adjusted for sex, smoking during pregnancy, gestational age at birth, twins, and mode of delivery (confounder model). RESULTS Breastfeeding duration was associated with FEV1 z-score [β = 0.04, CI 95% (0.02-0.09)], FEF75 z-score [β = 0.06, CI 95% (0.03-0.09)] and FEV1/FVC z-score [β = 0.03, CI 95% (0.00-0.07)], but not with diffusing lung capacity and fractional exhaled nitric oxide. No association of breastfeeding duration with preschool wheezing, ever asthma and current asthma was documented. CONCLUSION We showed that children breastfed for longer time presented higher FEV1, FEV1/FVC, and FEF75 z-score values at 11 years of age compared to children breastfed for shorter time, suggesting a protective effect of breastfeeding on airways, and not on lung parenchyma (lung volumes and alveolar capillary membrane) or allergic airway inflammation. The positive effect of breastfeeding duration on lung function lays the foundation to promote breastfeeding more and more as effective preventive measure.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mauro Lizzi
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Chieti, Chieti, Italy
| | | | | | | | - Marina Attanasi
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Chieti, Chieti, Italy
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40
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Sznitman J. Revisiting Airflow and Aerosol Transport Phenomena in the Deep Lungs with Microfluidics. Chem Rev 2021; 122:7182-7204. [PMID: 34964615 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.1c00621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
The dynamics of respiratory airflows and the associated transport mechanisms of inhaled aerosols characteristic of the deep regions of the lungs are of broad interest in assessing both respiratory health risks and inhalation therapy outcomes. In the present review, we present a comprehensive discussion of our current understanding of airflow and aerosol transport phenomena that take place within the unique and complex anatomical environment of the deep lungs, characterized by submillimeter 3D alveolated airspaces and nominally slow resident airflows, known as low-Reynolds-number flows. We exemplify the advances brought forward by experimental efforts, in conjunction with numerical simulations, to revisit past mechanistic theories of respiratory airflow and particle transport in the distal acinar regions. Most significantly, we highlight how microfluidic-based platforms spanning the past decade have accelerated opportunities to deliver anatomically inspired in vitro solutions that capture with sufficient realism and accuracy the leading mechanisms governing both respiratory airflow and aerosol transport at true scale. Despite ongoing challenges and limitations with microfabrication techniques, the efforts witnessed in recent years have provided previously unattainable in vitro quantifications on the local transport properties in the deep pulmonary acinar airways. These may ultimately provide new opportunities to explore improved strategies of inhaled drug delivery to the deep acinar regions by investigating further the mechanistic interactions between airborne particulate carriers and respiratory airflows at the pulmonary microscales.
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Affiliation(s)
- Josué Sznitman
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Technion - Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 32000, Israel
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The Hedgehog Signaling Pathway in Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis: Resurrection Time. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 23:ijms23010171. [PMID: 35008597 PMCID: PMC8745434 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23010171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2021] [Revised: 12/20/2021] [Accepted: 12/22/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The hedgehog (Hh) pathway is a sophisticated conserved cell signaling pathway that plays an essential role in controlling cell specification and proliferation, survival factors, and tissue patterning formation during embryonic development. Hh signal activity does not entirely disappear after development and may be reactivated in adulthood within tissue-injury-associated diseases, including idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF). The dysregulation of Hh-associated activating transcription factors, genomic abnormalities, and microenvironments is a co-factor that induces the initiation and progression of IPF.
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Alvira CM. Dynamism of the Human Lung Proteome During Alveolarization: Moving Beyond the Transcriptome. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2021; 205:145-147. [PMID: 34797738 PMCID: PMC8787247 DOI: 10.1164/rccm.202110-2316ed] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
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Rippa AL, Alpeeva EV, Vasiliev AV, Vorotelyak EA. Alveologenesis: What Governs Secondary Septa Formation. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms222212107. [PMID: 34829987 PMCID: PMC8618598 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222212107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2021] [Revised: 11/02/2021] [Accepted: 11/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The simplification of alveoli leads to various lung pathologies such as bronchopulmonary dysplasia and emphysema. Deep insight into the process of emergence of the secondary septa during development and regeneration after pneumonectomy, and into the contribution of the drivers of alveologenesis and neo-alveolarization is required in an efficient search for therapeutic approaches. In this review, we describe the formation of the gas exchange units of the lung as a multifactorial process, which includes changes in the actomyosin cytoskeleton of alveocytes and myofibroblasts, elastogenesis, retinoic acid signaling, and the contribution of alveolar mesenchymal cells in secondary septation. Knowledge of the mechanistic context of alveologenesis remains incomplete. The characterization of the mechanisms that govern the emergence and depletion of αSMA will allow for an understanding of how the niche of fibroblasts is changing. Taking into account the intense studies that have been performed on the pool of lung mesenchymal cells, we present data on the typing of interstitial fibroblasts and their role in the formation and maintenance of alveoli. On the whole, when identifying cell subpopulations in lung mesenchyme, one has to consider the developmental context, the changing cellular functions, and the lability of gene signatures.
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44
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Developmental Pathways Underlying Lung Development and Congenital Lung Disorders. Cells 2021; 10:cells10112987. [PMID: 34831210 PMCID: PMC8616556 DOI: 10.3390/cells10112987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2021] [Revised: 10/23/2021] [Accepted: 10/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Lung organogenesis is a highly coordinated process governed by a network of conserved signaling pathways that ultimately control patterning, growth, and differentiation. This rigorously regulated developmental process culminates with the formation of a fully functional organ. Conversely, failure to correctly regulate this intricate series of events results in severe abnormalities that may compromise postnatal survival or affect/disrupt lung function through early life and adulthood. Conditions like congenital pulmonary airway malformation, bronchopulmonary sequestration, bronchogenic cysts, and congenital diaphragmatic hernia display unique forms of lung abnormalities. The etiology of these disorders is not yet completely understood; however, specific developmental pathways have already been reported as deregulated. In this sense, this review focuses on the molecular mechanisms that contribute to normal/abnormal lung growth and development and their impact on postnatal survival.
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PERINATAL CENTRILOBULAR HEPATIC NECROSIS IN GIANT PANDAS ( AILUROPODA MELANOLEUCA): A RETROSPECTIVE STUDY. J Zoo Wildl Med 2021; 52:926-938. [PMID: 34687509 DOI: 10.1638/2016-0257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Between 1983 and 2012, six giant panda cubs (Ailuropoda melanoleuca) born at a zoological institution were stillborn or died between the ages of 3 and 200 h. Two of the six cubs had panhepatic centrilobular hepatic necrosis (CHN), granulocytic extramedullary hematopoiesis (GEM), positive liver culture for Staphylococcus species, and terminal liver failure. Another low-weight cub was administered oxygen therapy immediately after birth and developed hyaline membranes in air spaces and hepatic necrosis restricted to the hilar region. A retrospective analysis of liver and lung lesions, pulmonary microanatomy, blood-gas barrier ultrastructure, and hepatic myofibroblast proliferation was conducted on the six cubs. Neonates with CHN had concurrent severe periportal GEM accompanied by severe myofibroblast proliferation. The pulmonary blood-gas barrier was markedly increased in one cub with CHN. Developmentally, the lungs of all but one cub were at the late saccular stage, and the lowest-weight cub was in early saccular stage, consistent with immaturity, and had pneumonia comparable to neonatal respiratory distress syndrome (RDS). Stage of lung development was eliminated as the primary factor leading to CHN. The pathogenesis of CHN in these neonates is proposed to be transformation of hepatic stellate cells to myofibroblasts initiating blockage and microvascular constriction of hepatic sinusoids, resulting in insufficient perfusion and cellular hypoxia of hepatocytes surrounding central veins in acinar zone 3.
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46
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Satrell E, Clemm H, Røksund O, Hufthammer KO, Thorsen E, Halvorsen T, Vollsæter M. Development of lung diffusion to adulthood following extremely preterm birth. Eur Respir J 2021; 59:13993003.04103-2020. [PMID: 34625479 PMCID: PMC9117733 DOI: 10.1183/13993003.04103-2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2020] [Accepted: 09/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Background Gas exchange in extremely preterm (EP) infants must take place in fetal lungs. Childhood lung diffusing capacity of the lung for carbon monoxide (DLCO) is reduced; however, longitudinal development has not been investigated. We describe the growth of DLCO and its subcomponents to adulthood in EP compared with term-born subjects. Methods Two area-based cohorts born at gestational age ≤28 weeks or birthweight ≤1000 g in 1982–1985 (n=48) and 1991–1992 (n=35) were examined twice, at ages 18 and 25 years and 10 and 18 years, respectively, and compared with matched term-born controls. Single-breath DLCO was measured at two oxygen pressures, with subcomponents (membrane diffusion (DM) and pulmonary capillary blood volume (VC)) calculated using the Roughton–Forster equation. Results Age-, sex- and height-standardised transfer coefficients for carbon monoxide (KCO) and DLCO were reduced in EP compared with term-born subjects, and remained so during puberty and early adulthood (p-values for all time-points and both cohorts ≤0.04), whereas alveolar volume (VA) was similar. Development occurred in parallel to term-born controls, with no signs of pubertal catch-up growth nor decline at age 25 years (p-values for lack of parallelism within cohorts 0.99, 0.65, 0.71, 0.94 and 0.44 for z-DLCO, z-VA, z-KCO, DM and VC, respectively). Split by membrane and blood volume components, findings were less clear; however, membrane diffusion seemed most affected. Conclusions Pulmonary diffusing capacity was reduced in EP compared with term-born subjects, and development from childhood to adulthood tracked in parallel to term-born subjects, with no signs of catch-up growth nor decline at age 25 years. Pulmonary diffusing capacity following extremely preterm (EP) birth was reduced compared with term-born subjects. From mid-childhood to adulthood, development tracked in parallel in the EP and term-born groups, with preterms following lower trajectories.https://bit.ly/3ARPD7D
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Affiliation(s)
- Emma Satrell
- Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway .,Department of Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine, Drammen Hospital, Vestre Viken Hospital Trust, Drammen, Norway
| | - Hege Clemm
- Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway.,Department of Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - Ola Røksund
- Department of Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway.,The Faculty of Health and Social Sciences, Western Norway University of Applied Sciences, Bergen, Norway
| | | | - Einar Thorsen
- Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Thomas Halvorsen
- Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway.,Department of Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - Maria Vollsæter
- Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway.,Department of Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
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Lung development and immune status under chronic LPS exposure in rat pups with and without CD26/DPP4 deficiency. Cell Tissue Res 2021; 386:617-636. [PMID: 34606000 PMCID: PMC8595150 DOI: 10.1007/s00441-021-03522-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2020] [Accepted: 09/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Dipeptidyl-peptidase IV (CD26), a multifactorial integral type II protein, is expressed in the lungs during development and is involved in inflammation processes. We tested whether daily LPS administration influences the CD26-dependent retardation in morphological lung development and induces alterations in the immune status. Newborn Fischer rats with and without CD26 deficiency were nebulized with 1 µg LPS/2 ml NaCl for 10 min from days postpartum (dpp) 3 to 9. We used stereological methods and fluorescence activated cell sorting (FACS) to determine morphological lung maturation and alterations in the pulmonary leukocyte content on dpp 7, 10, and 14. Daily LPS application did not change the lung volume but resulted in a significant retardation of alveolarization in both substrains proved by significantly lower values of septal surface and volume as well as higher mean free distances in airspaces. Looking at the immune status after LPS exposure compared to controls, a significantly higher percentage of B lymphocytes and decrease of CD4+CD25+ T cells were found in both subtypes, on dpp7 a significantly higher percentage of CD4 T+ cells in CD26+ pups, and a significantly higher percentage of monocytes in CD26− pups. The percentage of T cells was significantly higher in the CD26-deficient group on each dpp. Thus, daily postnatal exposition to low doses of LPS for 1 week resulted in a delay in formation of secondary septa, which remained up to dpp 14 in CD26− pups. The retardation was accompanied by moderate parenchymal inflammation and CD26-dependent changes in the pulmonary immune cell composition.
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48
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Lesage F, Deng Y, Renesme L, Sauvestre F, Ben Fadel N, Zhong S, Vadivel A, Jankov RP, Stewart DJ, Thébaud B. Characterization of a New Monocrotaline Rat Model to Study Chronic Neonatal Pulmonary Hypertension. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 2021; 65:331-334. [PMID: 34468292 DOI: 10.1165/rcmb.2021-0039le] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Flore Lesage
- Ottawa Hospital Research Institute Ottawa, Ontario, Canada.,University of Ottawa Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Yupu Deng
- Ottawa Hospital Research Institute Ottawa, Ontario, Canada.,University of Ottawa Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Laurent Renesme
- Ottawa Hospital Research Institute Ottawa, Ontario, Canada.,University of Ottawa Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | | | - Nadya Ben Fadel
- Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Shumei Zhong
- Ottawa Hospital Research Institute Ottawa, Ontario, Canada.,University of Ottawa Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Arul Vadivel
- Ottawa Hospital Research Institute Ottawa, Ontario, Canada.,University of Ottawa Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Robert P Jankov
- University of Ottawa Ottawa, Ontario, Canada.,Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario Ottawa, Ontario, Canada.,Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Duncan J Stewart
- Ottawa Hospital Research Institute Ottawa, Ontario, Canada.,University of Ottawa Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Bernard Thébaud
- Ottawa Hospital Research Institute Ottawa, Ontario, Canada.,University of Ottawa Ottawa, Ontario, Canada.,Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario Ottawa, Ontario, Canada.,Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
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Kuiper-Makris C, Selle J, Nüsken E, Dötsch J, Alejandre Alcazar MA. Perinatal Nutritional and Metabolic Pathways: Early Origins of Chronic Lung Diseases. Front Med (Lausanne) 2021; 8:667315. [PMID: 34211985 PMCID: PMC8239134 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2021.667315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2021] [Accepted: 05/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Lung development is not completed at birth, but expands beyond infancy, rendering the lung highly susceptible to injury. Exposure to various influences during a critical window of organ growth can interfere with the finely-tuned process of development and induce pathological processes with aberrant alveolarization and long-term structural and functional sequelae. This concept of developmental origins of chronic disease has been coined as perinatal programming. Some adverse perinatal factors, including prematurity along with respiratory support, are well-recognized to induce bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD), a neonatal chronic lung disease that is characterized by arrest of alveolar and microvascular formation as well as lung matrix remodeling. While the pathogenesis of various experimental models focus on oxygen toxicity, mechanical ventilation and inflammation, the role of nutrition before and after birth remain poorly investigated. There is accumulating clinical and experimental evidence that intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) as a consequence of limited nutritive supply due to placental insufficiency or maternal malnutrition is a major risk factor for BPD and impaired lung function later in life. In contrast, a surplus of nutrition with perinatal maternal obesity, accelerated postnatal weight gain and early childhood obesity is associated with wheezing and adverse clinical course of chronic lung diseases, such as asthma. While the link between perinatal nutrition and lung health has been described, the underlying mechanisms remain poorly understood. There are initial data showing that inflammatory and nutrient sensing processes are involved in programming of alveolarization, pulmonary angiogenesis, and composition of extracellular matrix. Here, we provide a comprehensive overview of the current knowledge regarding the impact of perinatal metabolism and nutrition on the lung and beyond the cardiopulmonary system as well as possible mechanisms determining the individual susceptibility to CLD early in life. We aim to emphasize the importance of unraveling the mechanisms of perinatal metabolic programming to develop novel preventive and therapeutic avenues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Celien Kuiper-Makris
- Department of Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine, Translational Experimental Pediatrics-Experimental Pulmonology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Jaco Selle
- Department of Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine, Translational Experimental Pediatrics-Experimental Pulmonology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Eva Nüsken
- Department of Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Jörg Dötsch
- Department of Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Miguel A Alejandre Alcazar
- Department of Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine, Translational Experimental Pediatrics-Experimental Pulmonology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany.,Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC), Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany.,Excellence Cluster on Stress Responses in Aging-associated Diseases (CECAD), Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany.,Member of the German Centre for Lung Research (DZL), Institute for Lung Health, University of Giessen and Marburg Lung Centre (UGMLC), Gießen, Germany
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50
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Warburton D. Conserved Mechanisms in the Formation of the Airways and Alveoli of the Lung. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:662059. [PMID: 34211971 PMCID: PMC8239290 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.662059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2021] [Accepted: 05/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Branching is an intrinsic property of respiratory epithelium that can be induced and modified by signals emerging from the mesenchyme. However, during stereotypic branching morphogenesis of the airway, the relatively thick upper respiratory epithelium extrudes through a mesenchymal orifice to form a new branch, whereas during alveologenesis the relatively thin lower respiratory epithelium extrudes to form sacs or bubbles. Thus, both branching morphogenesis of the upper airway and alveolarization in the lower airway seem to rely on the same fundamental physical process: epithelial extrusion through an orifice. Here I propose that it is the orientation and relative stiffness of the orifice boundary that determines the stereotypy of upper airway branching as well as the orientation of individual alveolar components of the gas exchange surface. The previously accepted dogma of the process of alveologenesis, largely based on 2D microscopy, is that alveoli arise by erection of finger-like interalveolar septae to form septal clefts that subdivide pre-existing saccules, a process for which the contractile properties of specialized alveolar myofibroblasts are necessary. Here I suggest that airway tip splitting and stereotypical side domain branching are actually conserved processes, but modified somewhat by evolution to achieve both airway tip splitting and side branching of the upper airway epithelium, as well as alveologenesis. Viewed in 3D it is clear that alveolar “septal tips” are in fact ring or purse string structures containing elastin and collagen that only appear as finger like projections in cross section. Therefore, I propose that airway branch orifices as well as alveolar mouth rings serve to delineate and stabilize the budding of both airway and alveolar epithelium, from the tips and sides of upper airways as well as from the sides and tips of alveolar ducts. Certainly, in the case of alveoli arising laterally and with radial symmetry from the sides of alveolar ducts, the mouth of each alveolus remains within the plane of the side of the ductal lumen. This suggests that the thin epithelium lining these lateral alveolar duct buds may extrude or “pop out” from the duct lumen through rings rather like soap or gum bubbles, whereas the thicker upper airway epithelium extrudes through a ring like toothpaste from a tube to form a new branch.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Warburton
- The Saban Research Institute, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
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