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Ghasemi A, Jeddi S, Yousefzadeh N, Kashfi K, Norouzirad R. Dissolving sodium hydrosulfide in drinking water is not a good source of hydrogen sulfide for animal studies. Sci Rep 2023; 13:21839. [PMID: 38071388 PMCID: PMC10710449 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-49437-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2023] [Accepted: 12/07/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Hydrogen sulfide (H2S) has many physiological and pathological roles in the human body. Sodium hydrosulfide (NaHS) is widely used as a pharmacological tool for assessing H2S effects in biological experiments. Although H2S loss from NaHS solution is a matter of minutes, some animal studies use NaHS in solution as an H2S-donating compound in drinking water. This study addresses whether 30 μM NaHS in drinking water prepared in rat/mouse water bottles remains stable for at least 12-24 h, as presumed by some authors. NaHS solutions (30 μM) were prepared in drinking water and immediately transferred to rat/mice water bottles. Samples were obtained from the tip of water bottles and from inside of the bottles at 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 12, and 24 h for sulfide measurement using the methylene blue method. Furthermore, NaHS (30 μM) was administered to male and female rats for two weeks, and serum sulfide concentrations were measured every other day in the first week and at the end of the second week. NaHS solution was unstable in the samples obtained from the tip of water bottles; it declined by 72% and 75% after 12 and 24 h, respectively. In the samples obtained from the inside of the water bottles, the decline in the NaHS was not significant until 2 h; however, it decreased by 47% and 72% after 12 and 24 h, respectively. NaHS administration did not affect serum sulfide levels in male and female rats. In conclusion, NaHS solution prepared in drinking water can not be used for H2S donation as the solution is unstable. This route of administration exposes animals to variable and lower-than-expected amounts of NaHS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asghar Ghasemi
- Endocrine Physiology Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sajad Jeddi
- Endocrine Physiology Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Nasibeh Yousefzadeh
- Endocrine Physiology Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Khosrow Kashfi
- Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Biomedical Sciences, Sophie Davis School of Biomedical Education, City University of New York School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Reza Norouzirad
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Dezful University of Medical Sciences, Dezful, Iran.
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Juin SK, Ouseph R, Gondim DD, Jala VR, Sen U. Diabetic Nephropathy and Gaseous Modulators. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:antiox12051088. [PMID: 37237955 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12051088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2023] [Revised: 05/05/2023] [Accepted: 05/08/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Diabetic nephropathy (DN) remains the leading cause of vascular morbidity and mortality in diabetes patients. Despite the progress in understanding the diabetic disease process and advanced management of nephropathy, a number of patients still progress to end-stage renal disease (ESRD). The underlying mechanism still needs to be clarified. Gaseous signaling molecules, so-called gasotransmitters, such as nitric oxide (NO), carbon monoxide (CO), and hydrogen sulfide (H2S), have been shown to play an essential role in the development, progression, and ramification of DN depending on their availability and physiological actions. Although the studies on gasotransmitter regulations of DN are still emerging, the evidence revealed an aberrant level of gasotransmitters in patients with diabetes. In studies, different gasotransmitter donors have been implicated in ameliorating diabetic renal dysfunction. In this perspective, we summarized an overview of the recent advances in the physiological relevance of the gaseous molecules and their multifaceted interaction with other potential factors, such as extracellular matrix (ECM), in the severity modulation of DN. Moreover, the perspective of the present review highlights the possible therapeutic interventions of gasotransmitters in ameliorating this dreaded disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Subir Kumar Juin
- Department of Physiology, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY 40202, USA
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Brown Cancer Center, Center for Microbiomics, Inflammation and Pathogenicity, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY 40202, USA
| | - Rosemary Ouseph
- Division of Nephrology & Hypertension, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY 40202, USA
| | - Dibson Dibe Gondim
- Department of Pathology, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY 40202, USA
| | - Venkatakrishna Rao Jala
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Brown Cancer Center, Center for Microbiomics, Inflammation and Pathogenicity, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY 40202, USA
| | - Utpal Sen
- Department of Physiology, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY 40202, USA
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Rodkin S, Nwosu C, Sannikov A, Tyurin A, Chulkov VS, Raevskaya M, Ermakov A, Kirichenko E, Gasanov M. The Role of Gasotransmitter-Dependent Signaling Mechanisms in Apoptotic Cell Death in Cardiovascular, Rheumatic, Kidney, and Neurodegenerative Diseases and Mental Disorders. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24076014. [PMID: 37046987 PMCID: PMC10094524 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24076014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2023] [Revised: 03/17/2023] [Accepted: 03/19/2023] [Indexed: 04/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular, rheumatic, kidney, and neurodegenerative diseases and mental disorders are a common cause of deterioration in the quality of life up to severe disability and death worldwide. Many pathological conditions, including this group of diseases, are based on increased cell death through apoptosis. It is known that this process is associated with signaling pathways controlled by a group of gaseous signaling molecules called gasotransmitters. They are unique messengers that can control the process of apoptosis at different stages of its implementation. However, their role in the regulation of apoptotic signaling in these pathological conditions is often controversial and not completely clear. This review analyzes the role of nitric oxide (NO), carbon monoxide (CO), hydrogen sulfide (H2S), and sulfur dioxide (SO2) in apoptotic cell death in cardiovascular, rheumatic, kidney, and neurodegenerative diseases. The signaling processes involved in apoptosis in schizophrenia, bipolar, depressive, and anxiety disorders are also considered. The role of gasotransmitters in apoptosis in these diseases is largely determined by cell specificity and concentration. NO has the greatest dualism; scales are more prone to apoptosis. At the same time, CO, H2S, and SO2 are more involved in cytoprotective processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stanislav Rodkin
- Faculty of Bioengineering and Veterinary Medicine, Department of Bioengineering, Don State Technical University, Rostov-on-Don 344000, Russia
| | - Chizaram Nwosu
- Faculty of Bioengineering and Veterinary Medicine, Department of Bioengineering, Don State Technical University, Rostov-on-Don 344000, Russia
| | - Alexander Sannikov
- Department of Psychiatry, Rostov State Medical University, Rostov-on-Don 344022, Russia
| | - Anton Tyurin
- Internal Medicine Department, Bashkir State Medical University, Ufa 450008, Russia
| | | | - Margarita Raevskaya
- Faculty of Bioengineering and Veterinary Medicine, Department of Bioengineering, Don State Technical University, Rostov-on-Don 344000, Russia
| | - Alexey Ermakov
- Faculty of Bioengineering and Veterinary Medicine, Department of Bioengineering, Don State Technical University, Rostov-on-Don 344000, Russia
| | - Evgeniya Kirichenko
- Faculty of Bioengineering and Veterinary Medicine, Department of Bioengineering, Don State Technical University, Rostov-on-Don 344000, Russia
| | - Mitkhat Gasanov
- Department of Internal Diseases #1, Rostov State Medical University, Rostov-on-Don 344022, Russia
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Cirino G, Szabo C, Papapetropoulos A. Physiological roles of hydrogen sulfide in mammalian cells, tissues and organs. Physiol Rev 2022; 103:31-276. [DOI: 10.1152/physrev.00028.2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
H2S belongs to the class of molecules known as gasotransmitters, which also includes nitric oxide (NO) and carbon monoxide (CO). Three enzymes are recognized as endogenous sources of H2S in various cells and tissues: cystathionine g-lyase (CSE), cystathionine β-synthase (CBS) and 3-mercaptopyruvate sulfurtransferase (3-MST). The current article reviews the regulation of these enzymes as well as the pathways of their enzymatic and non-enzymatic degradation and elimination. The multiple interactions of H2S with other labile endogenous molecules (e.g. NO) and reactive oxygen species are also outlined. The various biological targets and signaling pathways are discussed, with special reference to H2S and oxidative posttranscriptional modification of proteins, the effect of H2S on channels and intracellular second messenger pathways, the regulation of gene transcription and translation and the regulation of cellular bioenergetics and metabolism. The pharmacological and molecular tools currently available to study H2S physiology are also reviewed, including their utility and limitations. In subsequent sections, the role of H2S in the regulation of various physiological and cellular functions is reviewed. The physiological role of H2S in various cell types and organ systems are overviewed. Finally, the role of H2S in the regulation of various organ functions is discussed as well as the characteristic bell-shaped biphasic effects of H2S. In addition, key pathophysiological aspects, debated areas, and future research and translational areas are identified A wide array of significant roles of H2S in the physiological regulation of all organ functions emerges from this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppe Cirino
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Medicine, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Csaba Szabo
- Chair of Pharmacology, Section of Medicine, University of Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - Andreas Papapetropoulos
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece & Clinical, Experimental Surgery and Translational Research Center, Biomedical Research Foundation of the Academy of Athens, Greece
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Jeddi S, Gheibi S, Afzali H, Carlström M, Kashfi K, Ghasemi A. Hydrogen sulfide potentiates the protective effects of nitrite against myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury in type 2 diabetic rats. Nitric Oxide 2022; 124:15-23. [DOI: 10.1016/j.niox.2022.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2021] [Revised: 03/06/2022] [Accepted: 04/27/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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R S, Saharia GK, Panda S, Mangaraj M. Evaluation of Homocysteine and Gamma-Glutamyl Transferase Concentrations As Markers of Chronic Kidney Disease: An Indian Perspective. Cureus 2022; 14:e22959. [PMID: 35411265 PMCID: PMC8989248 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.22959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/08/2022] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Chronic kidney disease (CKD) involves a gradual loss of kidney function over months to years. Oxidative stress plays a critical role in the pathogenesis of CKD. Homocysteine (Hcy), an amino acid derivative, is a known risk factor for oxidative stress and endothelial damage. Gamma-glutamyl transferase (GGT), an enzyme abundant on the cell surface of liver and kidney cells, is raised during oxidative stress. The objectives of this study were to estimate the concentrations of serum Hcy and GGT among CKD patients and healthy controls and to determine whether there is an association between serum Hcy and GGT levels in CKD. Methodology A total of 246 participants were needed to meet the calculated sample size. A total of 123 CKD patients meeting the inclusion and exclusion criteria were recruited as cases from the Nephrology outpatient department of our institute. Equal numbers of age- and sex-matched healthy volunteers were recruited as controls. Biophysical profiling of participants was done. Baseline investigations were recorded. A blood sample was collected from each participant and analyzed for GGT and Hcy along with other routine parameters. Results Hcy and GGT concentrations were significantly high in CKD patients compared to healthy controls. There was a significant positive correlation between serum GGT and Hcy levels (r = 0.357). Conclusions Elevated levels of GGT and Hcy in CKD patients compared to healthy controls demonstrated the oxidative stress associated with the disease. GGT and Hcy can be used as prognostic markers of the disease.
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Peleli M, Zampas P, Papapetropoulos A. Hydrogen Sulfide and the Kidney: Physiological Roles, Contribution to Pathophysiology, and Therapeutic Potential. Antioxid Redox Signal 2022; 36:220-243. [PMID: 34978847 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2021.0014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Significance: Hydrogen sulfide (H2S), the third member of the gasotransmitter family, has a broad spectrum of biological activities, including antioxidant and cytoprotective actions, as well as vasodilatory, anti-inflammatory and antifibrotic effects. New, significant aspects of H2S biology in the kidney continue to emerge, underscoring the importance of this signaling molecule in kidney homeostasis, function, and disease. Recent Advances: H2S signals via three main mechanisms, by maintaining redox balance through its antioxidant actions, by post-translational modifications of cellular proteins (S-sulfhydration), and by binding to protein metal centers. Important renal functions such as glomerular filtration, renin release, or sodium reabsorption have been shown to be regulated by H2S, using either exogenous donors or by the endogenous-producing systems. Critical Issues: Lower H2S levels are observed in many renal pathologies, including renal ischemia-reperfusion injury and obstructive, diabetic, or hypertensive nephropathy. Unraveling the molecular targets through which H2S exerts its beneficial effects would be of great importance not only for understanding basic renal physiology, but also for identifying new pharmacological interventions for renal disease. Future Directions: Additional studies are needed to better understand the role of H2S in the kidney. Mapping the expression pattern of H2S-producing and -degrading enzymes in renal cells and generation of cell-specific knockout mice based on this information will be invaluable in the effort to unravel additional roles for H2S in kidney (patho)physiology. With this knowledge, novel targeted more effective therapeutic strategies for renal disease can be designed. Antioxid. Redox Signal. 36, 220-243.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Peleli
- Clinical, Experimental Surgery and Translational Research Center, Biomedical Research Foundation of the Academy of Athens, Athens, Greece.,Laboratory of Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacy, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Paraskevas Zampas
- Clinical, Experimental Surgery and Translational Research Center, Biomedical Research Foundation of the Academy of Athens, Athens, Greece.,Laboratory of Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacy, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Andreas Papapetropoulos
- Clinical, Experimental Surgery and Translational Research Center, Biomedical Research Foundation of the Academy of Athens, Athens, Greece.,Laboratory of Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacy, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
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Beck KF, Pfeilschifter J. The Pathophysiology of H2S in Renal Glomerular Diseases. Biomolecules 2022; 12:biom12020207. [PMID: 35204708 PMCID: PMC8961591 DOI: 10.3390/biom12020207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2021] [Revised: 01/12/2022] [Accepted: 01/22/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Renal glomerular diseases such as glomerulosclerosis and diabetic nephropathy often result in the loss of glomerular function and consequently end-stage renal disease. The glomerulus consists of endothelial cells, mesangial cells and glomerular epithelial cells also referred to as podocytes. A fine-tuned crosstalk between glomerular cells warrants control of growth factor synthesis and of matrix production and degradation, preserving glomerular structure and function. Hydrogen sulfide (H2S) belongs together with nitric oxide (NO) and carbon monoxide (CO) to the group of gasotransmitters. During the last three decades, these higher concentration toxic gases have been found to be produced in mammalian cells in a well-coordinated manner. Recently, it became evident that H2S and the other gasotransmitters share common targets as signalling devices that trigger mainly protective pathways. In several animal models, H2S has been demonstrated as a protective factor in the context of kidney disorders, in particular of diabetic nephropathy. Here, we focus on the synthesis and action of H2S in glomerular cells, its beneficial effects in the glomerulus and its action in the context of the other gaseous signalling molecules NO and CO.
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Juin SK, Pushpakumar S, Sen U. GYY4137 Regulates Extracellular Matrix Turnover in the Diabetic Kidney by Modulating Retinoid X Receptor Signaling. Biomolecules 2021; 11:biom11101477. [PMID: 34680110 PMCID: PMC8533431 DOI: 10.3390/biom11101477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2021] [Revised: 09/21/2021] [Accepted: 10/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetic kidney is associated with an accumulation of extracellular matrix (ECM) leading to renal fibrosis. Dysregulation of retinoic acid metabolism involving retinoic acid receptors (RARs) and retinoid X receptors (RXRs) has been shown to play a crucial role in diabetic nephropathy (DN). Furthermore, RARs and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ) are known to control the RXR-mediated transcriptional regulation of several target genes involved in DN. Recently, RAR and RXR have been shown to upregulate plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1), a major player involved in ECM accumulation and renal fibrosis during DN. Interestingly, hydrogen sulfide (H2S) has been shown to ameliorate adverse renal remodeling in DN. We investigated the role of RXR signaling in the ECM turnover in diabetic kidney, and whether H2S can mitigate ECM accumulation by modulating PPAR/RAR-mediated RXR signaling. We used wild-type (C57BL/6J), diabetic (C57BL/6-Ins2Akita/J) mice and mouse mesangial cells (MCs) as experimental models. GYY4137 was used as a H2S donor. Results showed that in diabetic kidney, the expression of PPARγ was decreased, whereas upregulations of RXRα, RXRβ, and RARγ1 expression were observed. The changes were associated with elevated PAI-1, MMP-9 and MMP-13. In addition, the expressions of collagen IV, fibronectin and laminin were increased, whereas elastin expression was decreased in the diabetic kidney. Excessive collagen deposition was observed predominantly in the peri-glomerular and glomerular regions of the diabetic kidney. Immunohistochemical localization revealed elevated expression of fibronectin and laminin in the glomeruli of the diabetic kidney. GYY4137 reversed the pathological changes. Similar results were observed in in vitro experiments. In conclusion, our data suggest that RXR signaling plays a significant role in ECM turnover, and GYY4137 modulates PPAR/RAR-mediated RXR signaling to ameliorate PAI-1-dependent adverse ECM turnover in DN.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Utpal Sen
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-502-852-2030; Fax: +1-502-852-6239
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Xiao W, Ye P, Wang F, Cao R, Bai Y, Wang X. Plasma Homocysteine Is a Predictive Factor for Accelerated Renal Function Decline and Chronic Kidney Disease in a Community-Dwelling Population. Kidney Blood Press Res 2021; 46:541-549. [PMID: 34365457 DOI: 10.1159/000514360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2020] [Accepted: 01/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Whether elevated plasma total homocysteine (tHcy) is a risk factor for the progression of kidney disease in general population has not been well established. The purpose of this study was to investigate the prognostic properties of plasma tHcy for renal function decrement and early chronic kidney disease (CKD) in community-dwelling populations with normal renal function at baseline. METHODS A total of 1,426 participants were enrolled and followed for a median of 4.8 years (interquartile range, 4.5-5.2), and estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) was evaluated. One main outcome was the rapid eGFR decline defined as a decline in eGFR of >3 mL/min per 1.73 m2 per year; the other was the new incidence of CKD. RESULTS At the end of follow-up, the incidence of rapid eGFR decline and new-onset CKD was 20.7 and 5.6%, respectively. In multivariate linear regression analysis, age, central pulse pressure, fasting blood glucose, and concentration of tHcy were independent determinants of the change in eGFR. There was a graded association between tHcy quartiles and eGFR decline. Compared with participants with the lowest quartile of tHcy levels, those with the highest quartile had significantly increased risk for rapid eGFR decline (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] = 1.81; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.25-2.94) and new onset of CKD (adjusted hazard ratio = 4.29; 95% CI: 1.42-12.99) after adjusting for various confounders. Similarly, significant associations were also found when baseline tHcy was classified as hyperhomocysteinemia (>15 μmol/L) versus normal tHcy level (≤15 μmol/L). However, there was only association between the change in tHcy levels and new occurrence of CKD but not with rapid eGFR decline (aOR = 0.99, p = 0.613). CONCLUSIONS In this prospective cohort of individuals from community-based population, elevated plasma tHcy emerged as an independent predictor of renal function decline and incident CKD, which might support selection of at-risk individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenkai Xiao
- Department of Geriatric Cardiology, Second Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Ping Ye
- Department of Geriatric Cardiology, Second Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Fan Wang
- Department of Geriatric Cardiology, Second Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Ruihua Cao
- Department of Geriatric Cardiology, Second Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Yongyi Bai
- Department of Geriatric Cardiology, Second Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaona Wang
- Department of Geriatric Cardiology, Second Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
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Engin A, Engin AB. N-Methyl-D-Aspartate Receptor Signaling-Protein Kinases Crosstalk in Cerebral Ischemia. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2021; 1275:259-283. [PMID: 33539019 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-49844-3_10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/24/2023]
Abstract
Although stroke is very often the cause of death worldwide, the burden of ischemic and hemorrhagic stroke varies between regions and over time regarding differences in prognosis, prevalence of risk factors, and treatment strategies. Excitotoxicity, oxidative stress, dysfunction of the blood-brain barrier, neuroinflammation, and lysosomal membrane permeabilization, sequentially lead to the progressive death of neurons. In this process, protein kinases-related checkpoints tightly regulate N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor signaling pathways. One of the major hallmarks of cerebral ischemia is excitotoxicity, characterized by overactivation of glutamate receptors leading to intracellular Ca2+ overload and ultimately neuronal death. Thus, reduced expression of postsynaptic density-95 protein and increased protein S-nitrosylation in neurons is responsible for neuronal vulnerability in cerebral ischemia. In this chapter death-associated protein kinases, cyclin-dependent kinase 5, endoplasmic reticulum stress-induced protein kinases, hyperhomocysteinemia-related NMDA receptor overactivation, ephrin-B-dependent amplification of NMDA-evoked neuronal excitotoxicity and lysosomocentric hypothesis have been discussed.Consequently, ample evidences have demonstrated that enhancing extrasynaptic NMDA receptor activity triggers cell death after stroke. In this context, considering the dual roles of NMDA receptors in both promoting neuronal survival and mediating neuronal damage, selective augmentation of NR2A-containing NMDA receptor activation in the presence of NR2B antagonist may constitute a promising therapy for stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atilla Engin
- Department of General Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Gazi University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Ayse Basak Engin
- Department of Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Gazi University, Ankara, Turkey.
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Ngowi EE, Sarfraz M, Afzal A, Khan NH, Khattak S, Zhang X, Li T, Duan SF, Ji XY, Wu DD. Roles of Hydrogen Sulfide Donors in Common Kidney Diseases. Front Pharmacol 2020; 11:564281. [PMID: 33364941 PMCID: PMC7751760 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2020.564281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2020] [Accepted: 09/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Hydrogen sulfide (H2S) plays a key role in the regulation of physiological processes in mammals. The decline in H2S level has been reported in numerous renal disorders. In animal models of renal disorders, treatment with H2S donors could restore H2S levels and improve renal functions. H2S donors suppress renal dysfunction by regulating autophagy, apoptosis, oxidative stress, and inflammation through multiple signaling pathways, such as TRL4/NLRP3, AMP-activated protein kinase/mammalian target of rapamycin, transforming growth factor-β1/Smad3, extracellular signal-regulated protein kinases 1/2, mitogen-activated protein kinase, and nuclear factor kappa B. In this review, we summarize recent developments in the effects of H2S donors on the treatment of common renal diseases, including acute/chronic kidney disease, renal fibrosis, unilateral ureteral obstruction, glomerulosclerosis, diabetic nephropathy, hyperhomocysteinemia, drug-induced nephrotoxicity, metal-induced nephrotoxicity, and urolithiasis. Novel H2S donors can be designed and applied in the treatment of common renal diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ebenezeri Erasto Ngowi
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
- Henan International Joint Laboratory for Nuclear Protein Regulation, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, Dar es Salaam University College of Education, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania
| | - Muhammad Sarfraz
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
- Henan International Joint Laboratory for Nuclear Protein Regulation, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
- Kaifeng Municipal Key Laboratory of Cell Signal Transduction, Henan Provincial Engineering Centre for Tumor Molecular Medicine, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
- Faculty of Pharmacy, The University of Lahore, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Attia Afzal
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
- Henan International Joint Laboratory for Nuclear Protein Regulation, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
- Faculty of Pharmacy, The University of Lahore, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Nazeer Hussain Khan
- Henan International Joint Laboratory for Nuclear Protein Regulation, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
- College of Pharmacy, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
| | - Saadullah Khattak
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
- Henan International Joint Laboratory for Nuclear Protein Regulation, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
| | - Xin Zhang
- College of Pharmacy, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
- Institute for Innovative Drug Design and Evaluation, School of Pharmacy, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
| | - Tao Li
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
- Henan International Joint Laboratory for Nuclear Protein Regulation, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
| | - Shao-Feng Duan
- Henan International Joint Laboratory for Nuclear Protein Regulation, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
- College of Pharmacy, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
- Institute for Innovative Drug Design and Evaluation, School of Pharmacy, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
| | - Xin-Ying Ji
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
- Henan International Joint Laboratory for Nuclear Protein Regulation, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
- Diseases and Bio-Safety, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
| | - Dong-Dong Wu
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
- Henan International Joint Laboratory for Nuclear Protein Regulation, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
- School of Stomatology, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
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Mao YG, Chen X, Zhang Y, Chen G. Hydrogen sulfide therapy: a narrative overview of current research and possible therapeutic implications in future. Med Gas Res 2020; 10:185-188. [PMID: 33380586 PMCID: PMC8092145 DOI: 10.4103/2045-9912.304225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2019] [Revised: 11/19/2019] [Accepted: 12/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetic nephropathy is one of the most important comorbidities in the diabetic population. In China, more and more young patients are showing an increasing prevalence of diabetes. As a gas molecule, hydrogen sulfide (H2 S) has some unique chemical and physiological functions. In recent years, it has been studied in various fields. These effects are manifested in the induction of renal vasodilation and anti-renal vascular fibrosis. The ball clearing function is improved. Therefore, increasing prospective studies have focused on how H2 S protects diabetic nephropathy and how to obtain H2 S by modern means to treat diabetic nephropathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Guang Mao
- Department of Neurosurgery & Brain and Nerve Research Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Xiao Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery & Brain and Nerve Research Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Yan Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery & Brain and Nerve Research Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Gang Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery & Brain and Nerve Research Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu Province, China
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Dilek N, Papapetropoulos A, Toliver-Kinsky T, Szabo C. Hydrogen sulfide: An endogenous regulator of the immune system. Pharmacol Res 2020; 161:105119. [PMID: 32781284 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2020.105119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 128] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2020] [Revised: 07/30/2020] [Accepted: 07/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Hydrogen sulfide (H2S) is now recognized as an endogenous signaling gasotransmitter in mammals. It is produced by mammalian cells and tissues by various enzymes - predominantly cystathionine β-synthase (CBS), cystathionine γ-lyase (CSE) and 3-mercaptopyruvate sulfurtransferase (3-MST) - but part of the H2S is produced by the intestinal microbiota (colonic H2S-producing bacteria). Here we summarize the available information on the production and functional role of H2S in the various cell types typically associated with innate immunity (neutrophils, macrophages, dendritic cells, natural killer cells, mast cells, basophils, eosinophils) and adaptive immunity (T and B lymphocytes) under normal conditions and as it relates to the development of various inflammatory and immune diseases. Special attention is paid to the physiological and the pathophysiological aspects of the oral cavity and the colon, where the immune cells and the parenchymal cells are exposed to a special "H2S environment" due to bacterial H2S production. H2S has many cellular and molecular targets. Immune cells are "surrounded" by a "cloud" of H2S, as a result of endogenous H2S production and exogenous production from the surrounding parenchymal cells, which, in turn, importantly regulates their viability and function. Downregulation of endogenous H2S producing enzymes in various diseases, or genetic defects in H2S biosynthetic enzyme systems either lead to the development of spontaneous autoimmune disease or accelerate the onset and worsen the severity of various immune-mediated diseases (e.g. autoimmune rheumatoid arthritis or asthma). Low, regulated amounts of H2S, when therapeutically delivered by small molecule donors, improve the function of various immune cells, and protect them against dysfunction induced by various noxious stimuli (e.g. reactive oxygen species or oxidized LDL). These effects of H2S contribute to the maintenance of immune functions, can stimulate antimicrobial defenses and can exert anti-inflammatory therapeutic effects in various diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nahzli Dilek
- Chair of Pharmacology, Section of Medicine, University of Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - Andreas Papapetropoulos
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Greece
| | - Tracy Toliver-Kinsky
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA
| | - Csaba Szabo
- Chair of Pharmacology, Section of Medicine, University of Fribourg, Switzerland; Department of Anesthesiology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA.
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Said MY, Post A, Minović I, van Londen M, van Goor H, Postmus D, Heiner-Fokkema MR, van den Berg E, Pasch A, Navis G, Bakker SJL. Urinary sulfate excretion and risk of late graft failure in renal transplant recipients - a prospective cohort study. Transpl Int 2020; 33:752-761. [PMID: 32112582 PMCID: PMC7383851 DOI: 10.1111/tri.13600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2019] [Revised: 11/29/2019] [Accepted: 02/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Hydrogen sulfide (H2S), produced from metabolism of dietary sulfur‐containing amino acids, is allegedly a renoprotective compound. Twenty‐four‐hour urinary sulfate excretion (USE) may reflect H2S bioavailability. We aimed to investigate the association of USE with graft failure in a large prospective cohort of renal transplant recipients (RTR). We included 704 stable RTR, recruited at least 1 year after transplantation. We applied log‐rank testing and Cox regression analyses to study association of USE, measured from baseline 24 h urine samples, with graft failure. Median age was 55 [45–63] years (57% male, eGFR was 45 ± 19 ml/min/1.73 m2). Median USE was 17.1 [13.1–21.1] mmol/24 h. Over median follow‐up of 5.3 [4.5–6.0] years, 84 RTR experienced graft failure. RTR in the lowest sex‐specific tertile of USE experienced a higher rate of graft failure during follow‐up than RTR in the middle and highest sex‐specific tertiles (18%, 13%, and 5%, respectively, log‐rank P < 0.001). In Cox regression analyses, USE was inversely associated with graft failure [HR per 10 mmol/24 h: 0.37 (0.24–0.55), P < 0.001]. The association remained independent of adjustment for potential confounders, including age, sex, eGFR, proteinuria, time between transplantation and baseline, BMI, smoking, and high sensitivity C‐reactive protein [HR per 10 mmol/24 h: 0.51 (0.31–0.82), P = 0.01]. In conclusion, this study demonstrates a significant inverse association of USE with graft failure in RTR, suggesting high H2S bioavailability as a novel, potentially modifiable factor for prevention of graft failure in RTR.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Yusof Said
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Adrian Post
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Isidor Minović
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Marco van Londen
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Harry van Goor
- Department of Pathology and Medical Biology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Douwe Postmus
- Department of Epidemiology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - M Rebecca Heiner-Fokkema
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Else van den Berg
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Andreas Pasch
- Department of Biomedical Research, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Gerjan Navis
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Stephan J L Bakker
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
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Majumder S, Ren L, Pushpakumar S, Sen U. Hydrogen sulphide mitigates homocysteine-induced apoptosis and matrix remodelling in mesangial cells through Akt/FOXO1 signalling cascade. Cell Signal 2019; 61:66-77. [PMID: 31085234 PMCID: PMC6561819 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2019.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2018] [Revised: 03/28/2019] [Accepted: 05/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Cellular damage and accumulation of extracellular matrix (ECM) protein in the glomerulo-interstitial space are the signatures of chronic kidney disease (CKD). Hyperhomocysteinemia (HHcy), a high level of homocysteine (Hcy) is associated with CKD and further contributes to kidney damage. Despite a large number of studies, the signalling mechanism of Hcy-mediated cellular damage and ECM remodelling in kidney remains inconclusive. Hcy metabolizes to produce hydrogen sulphide (H2S), and a number of studies have shown that H2S mitigates the adverse effect of HHcy in a variety of diseases involving several signalling molecules, including forkhead box O (FOXO) protein. FOXO is a group of transcription factor that includes FOXO1, which plays important roles in cell growth and proliferation. On the other hand, a cell survival factor, Akt regulates FOXO under normal condition. However, the involvement of Akt/FOXO1 pathway in Hcy-induced mesangial cell damage remains elusive, and whether H2S plays any protective roles has yet to be clearly defined. We treated mouse mesangial cells with or without H2S donor, GYY4137 and FOXO1 inhibitor, AS1842856 in HHcy condition and determined the involvement of Akt/FOXO1 signalling cascades. Our results indicated that Hcy inactivated Akt and activated FOXO1 by dephosphorylating both the signalling molecules and induced FOXO1 nuclear translocation followed by activation of the FOXO1 transcription factor. These led to the induction of cellular apoptosis and synthesis of excessive ECM protein, in part, due to increased ROS production, loss of mitochondrial membrane potential (ΔΨm), reduction in intracellular ATP concentration, increased MMP-2, -9, -14 mRNA and protein expression, and Col I, IV and fibronectin protein expression. Interestingly, GYY4137 or AS1842856 treatment prevented these changes by modulating Akt/FOXO1 axis in HHcy. We conclude that GYY4137 and/or AS1842856 mitigates HHcy induced mesangial cell damage and ECM remodelling by regulating Akt/FOXO1 pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suravi Majumder
- Department of Physiology, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY, United States of America
| | - Lu Ren
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, United States of America
| | - Sathnur Pushpakumar
- Department of Physiology, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY, United States of America
| | - Utpal Sen
- Department of Physiology, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY, United States of America.
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Hydrogen Sulfide Protects Hyperhomocysteinemia-Induced Renal Damage by Modulation of Caveolin and eNOS Interaction. Sci Rep 2019; 9:2223. [PMID: 30778103 PMCID: PMC6379383 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-38467-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2018] [Accepted: 12/19/2018] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
The accumulation of homocysteine (Hcy) during chronic kidney failure (CKD) can exert toxic effects on the glomeruli and tubulo-interstitial region. Among the potential mechanisms, the formation of highly reactive metabolite, Hcy thiolactone, is known to modify proteins by N-homocysteinylation, leading to protein degradation, stress and impaired function. Previous studies documented impaired nitric oxide production and altered caveolin expression in hyperhomocysteinemia (HHcy), leading to endothelial dysfunction. The aim of this study was to determine whether Hhcy homocysteinylates endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) and alters caveolin-1 expression to decrease nitric oxide bioavailability, causing hypertension and renal dysfunction. We also examined whether hydrogen sulfide (H2S) could dehomocysteinylate eNOS to protect the kidney. WT and Cystathionine β-Synthase deficient (CBS+/-) mice representing HHcy were treated without or with sodium hydrogen sulfide (NaHS), a H2S donor (30 µM), in drinking water for 8 weeks. Hhcy mice (CBS+/-) showed low levels of plasma H2S, elevated systolic blood pressure (SBP) and renal dysfunction. H2S treatment reduced SBP and improved renal function. Hhcy was associated with homocysteinylation of eNOS, reduced enzyme activity and upregulation of caveolin-1 expression. Further, Hhcy increased extracellular matrix (ECM) protein deposition and disruption of gap junction proteins, connexins. H2S treatment reversed the changes above and transfection of triple genes producing H2S (CBS, CSE and 3MST) showed reduction of vascular smooth muscle cell proliferation. We conclude that during Hhcy, homocysteinylation of eNOS and disruption of caveolin-mediated regulation leads to ECM remodeling and hypertension, and H2S treatment attenuates renovascular damage.
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Nath N, Prasad HK, Kumar M. Cerebroprotective effects of hydrogen sulfide in homocysteine-induced neurovascular permeability: Involvement of oxidative stress, arginase, and matrix metalloproteinase-9. J Cell Physiol 2018; 234:3007-3019. [PMID: 30206943 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.27120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2018] [Accepted: 07/05/2018] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
An elevated level of homocysteine (Hcy) leads to hyperhomocysteinemia (HHcy), which results in vascular dysfunction and pathological conditions identical to stroke symptoms. Hcy increases oxidative stress and leads to increase in blood-brain barrier permeability and leakage. Hydrogen sulfide (H2 S) production during the metabolism of Hcy has a cerebroprotective effect, although its effectiveness in Hcy-induced neurodegeneration and neurovascular permeability is less explored. Therefore, the current study was designed to perceive the neuroprotective effect of exogenous H 2 S against HHcy, a cause of neurodegeneration. To test this hypothesis, we used four groups of mice: control, Hcy, control + sodium hydrosulfide hydrate (NaHS), and Hcy + NaHS, and an HHcy mice model in Swiss albino mice by giving a dose of 1.8 g of dl-Hcy/L in drinking for 8-10 weeks. Mice that have 30 µmol/L Hcy were taken for the study, and a H 2 S supplementation of 20 μmol/L was given for 8 weeks to all groups of mice. HHcy results in the rise of the levels of superoxide and nitrite, although a concomitant decrease in the level of superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione peroxidase, reduced glutathione, and arginase in oxidative stress and a concomitant decrease in the endogenous level of H 2 S. Although H 2 S supplementation ameliorated, the effect of HHcy and the levels of H 2 S returned to the average level in HHcy animals supplemented with H 2 S. Interestingly, H 2 S supplementation ameliorated neurovascular remodeling and neurodegeneration. Thus, our study suggested that H 2 S could be a beneficial therapeutic candidate for the treatment of Hcy-associated neurodegeneration, such as stroke and neurovascular disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nibendu Nath
- Department of LifeScience and Bioinformatics, Assam University, Silchar, India
| | | | - Munish Kumar
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Allahabad, Allahabad, India
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Chen Y, Zhao L, Jiang S, Hu Z, Hu B, Tong F, Shen R. Cystathionine γ-Lyase Is Involved in the Renoprotective Effect of Brief and Repeated Ischemic Postconditioning After Renal Ischemia/Reperfusion Injury in Diabetes Mellitus. Transplant Proc 2018; 50:1549-1557. [PMID: 29880385 DOI: 10.1016/j.transproceed.2018.03.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2017] [Accepted: 03/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The aim of this study was to determine whether the protective effects of brief and repeated ischemic postconditioning (IPoC) are associated with the modulation of cystathionine γ-lyase (CSE) expression after renal ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury in diabetes mellitus (DM). METHODS We subjected diabetic rats to 45 minutes of ischemia followed by reperfusion at 24 hours. Before reperfusion, diabetic rats were treated with 3 cycles of 6 seconds of reperfusion, followed by 6 seconds of ischemia. DL-Propargylglycine (PAG, a CSE inhibitor) was administered to the diabetic rats to investigate its effects on the severity of renal I/R injury in diabetes mellitus (DM). Blood samples and left kidneys were collected for the measurement of blood urea nitrogen (BUN) and serum creatinine (SCr) levels and renal pathologic changes. Western blot and immunochemistry techniques were also performed for the localization of CSE. Levels of superoxidase dismutase (SOD), malonyldialdehyde (MDA), tumor necrosis-alpha (TNF-α), and hydrogen sulfide (H2S) were quantified using commercially available kits. RESULTS The results showed that BUN and SCr levels increased on renal ischemia/reperfusion injury (RI/RI) in the DM group. Diabetic rats treated with IPoC exhibited significantly less renal damage on I/R. Kit measurements showed that IPoC could markedly inhibit the levels of MDA and TNF-α and also improve SOD and H2S levels. Western blot and immunochemistry showed that expression of CSE was downregulated on I/R in the DM group and IPoC upregulated CSE expression, whereas PAG treatment resulted in opposite effects. CONCLUSION Our findings show that brief and repeated IPoC increased the expression of CSE after I/R in DM, and the modulation of CSE may underlie the renoprotective effect of IPoC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Chen
- Clinical Medicine 2016, Jiaxing University Medical College, Jiaxing, Zhejiang Province, PR China
| | - L Zhao
- Clinical Medicine 2016, Jiaxing University Medical College, Jiaxing, Zhejiang Province, PR China
| | - S Jiang
- Clinical Medicine 2016, Jiaxing University Medical College, Jiaxing, Zhejiang Province, PR China
| | - Z Hu
- Clinical Medicine 2016, Jiaxing University Medical College, Jiaxing, Zhejiang Province, PR China
| | - B Hu
- Department of Pathology, Diabetes Institute, Jiaxing Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jiaxing University, Jiaxing, Zhejiang, PR China
| | - F Tong
- Department of Pathology, Diabetes Institute, Jiaxing Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jiaxing University, Jiaxing, Zhejiang, PR China.
| | - R Shen
- Department of Pathology, Diabetes Institute, Jiaxing Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jiaxing University, Jiaxing, Zhejiang, PR China.
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Hydrogen sulfide as a regulatory factor in kidney health and disease. Biochem Pharmacol 2018; 149:29-41. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2017.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2017] [Accepted: 12/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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GYY4137, a Hydrogen Sulfide Donor Modulates miR194-Dependent Collagen Realignment in Diabetic Kidney. Sci Rep 2017; 7:10924. [PMID: 28883608 PMCID: PMC5589897 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-11256-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2017] [Accepted: 08/22/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The relationship between hydrogen sulfide (H2S), microRNAs (miRs), matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) and poly-ADP-ribose-polymerase-1 (PARP-1) in diabetic kidney remodeling remains mostly obscured. We aimed at investigating whether alteration of miR-194-dependent MMPs and PARP-1 causes renal fibrosis in diabetes kidney, and whether H2S ameliorates fibrosis. Wild type, diabetic Akita mice as well as mouse glomerular endothelial cells (MGECs) were used as experimental models, and GYY4137 as H2S donor. In diabetic mice, plasma H2S levels were decreased while ROS and expression of its modulator (ROMO1) were increased. In addition, alteration of MMPs-9, −13 and −14 expression, PARP-1, HIF1α, and increased collagen biosynthesis as well as collagen cross-linking protein, P4HA1 and PLOD2 were observed along with diminished vascular density in diabetic kidney. These changes were ameliorated by GYY4137. Further, downregulated miRNA-194 was normalized by GYY4137 in diabetic kidney. Similar results were obtained in in vitro condition. Interestingly, miR-194 mimic also diminished ROS production, and normalized ROMO1, MMPs-9, −13 and −14, and PARP-1 along with collagen biosynthesis and cross-linking protein in HG condition. We conclude that decrease H2S diminishes miR-194, induces collagen deposition and realignment leading to fibrosis and renovascular constriction in diabetes. GYY4137 mitigates renal fibrosis in diabetes through miR-194-dependent pathway.
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22
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Singh M, Tyagi SC. Hyperhomocysteinemia and Age-related Macular Degeneration: Role of Inflammatory Mediators and Pyroptosis; A Proposal. Med Hypotheses 2017; 105:17-21. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mehy.2017.06.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2016] [Accepted: 06/22/2017] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
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Singh M, Tyagi SC. Homocysteine mediates transcriptional changes of the inflammatory pathway signature genes in human retinal pigment epithelial cells. Int J Ophthalmol 2017; 10:696-704. [PMID: 28546923 DOI: 10.18240/ijo.2017.05.06] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2016] [Accepted: 03/01/2017] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM To test whether homocysteine (Hcy) can influence the transcriptional profile, we hypothesized that Hcy can lead to the induction of proinflammatory molecules in the retinal cells of aging people. METHODS An unbiased in vitro inflammatory pathway focused study was designed employing retinal pigment epithelial (RPE) cell line, ARPE-19. Cells were cultured in the presence or absence of Hcy to capture target genes' expression profile. Three different concentrations of Hcy were added in the culture medium of confluent monolayers. cRNAs were made from the isolated total RNAs and the labeled cRNA probes were hybridized to microarrays specific for human disease pathway inflammatory cytokines, chemokines and their receptor gene micro-array panels as per manufacture's recommendations. Two Hcy up-regulated molecules: IL6 and CEBPB were further validated via Western blot analysis. Hcy's effect on ARPE-19 cellular morphology and genomic DNA integrity were also evaluated. RESULTS Gene microarray analyses of RPE cells in response to Hcy treatment revealed alterations in the expressions of several inflammatory gene transcripts such as CCL5, CEBPB, IL13RA2, IL15RA, IL6, IL8 and CXCL3 that were up-regulated. The transcripts for C3, CCL2, IL11RA and IL18 genes exhibited down-regulation. The IL6 and CEBPB expressions were subsequently validated at the protein levels. Treatment of the retinal cells with increasing Hcy concentration influenced their density in culture however their morphology and DNA integrity remained unaffected. CONCLUSION These findings suggest that Hcy can potentially mediate the expression of chemokines, cytokines and interleukins receptors in the retinal cells without having any debilitating effects on their morphology and the genomic DNA integrity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahavir Singh
- Department of Physiology, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY 40202, USA
| | - Suresh C Tyagi
- Department of Physiology, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY 40202, USA
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Abstract
SIGNIFICANCE Hydrogen sulfide (H2S) has only recently gained recognition for its physiological effects. It is synthesized widely in the mammalian tissues and regulates several biologic processes ranging from development, angiogenesis, neurotransmission to protein synthesis. Recent Advances: The aim of this review is to critically evaluate the evidence for a role for H2S in kidney function and disease. CRITICAL ISSUES H2S regulates fundamental kidney physiologic processes such as glomerular filtration and sodium reabsorption. In kidney disease states H2S appears to play a complex role in a context-dependent manner. In some disease states such as ischemia-reperfusion and diabetic kidney disease it can serve as an agent that ameliorates kidney injury. In other diseases such as cis-platinum-induced kidney disease it may mediate kidney injury although more investigation is needed. Recent studies have revealed that the actions of nitric oxide and H2S may be integrated in kidney cells. FUTURE DIRECTIONS Further studies are needed to understand the full impact of H2S on kidney physiology. As it is endowed with the properties of regulating blood flow, oxidative stress, and inflammation, H2S should be investigated for its role in inflammatory and toxic diseases of the kidney. Such in-depth exploration may identify specific kidney diseases in which H2S may constitute a unique target for therapeutic intervention. Antioxid. Redox Signal. 25, 720-731.
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Affiliation(s)
- Denis Feliers
- 1 Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center , San Antonio, Texas
| | - Hak Joo Lee
- 1 Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center , San Antonio, Texas.,2 South Texas Veterans Healthcare System , San Antonio, Texas
| | - Balakuntalam S Kasinath
- 1 Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center , San Antonio, Texas.,2 South Texas Veterans Healthcare System , San Antonio, Texas
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Weber GJ, Pushpakumar S, Tyagi SC, Sen U. Homocysteine and hydrogen sulfide in epigenetic, metabolic and microbiota related renovascular hypertension. Pharmacol Res 2016; 113:300-312. [PMID: 27602985 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2016.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2016] [Revised: 08/31/2016] [Accepted: 09/02/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Over the past several years, hydrogen sulfide (H2S) has been shown to be an important player in a variety of physiological functions, including neuromodulation, vasodilation, oxidant regulation, inflammation, and angiogenesis. H2S is synthesized primarily through metabolic processes from the amino acid cysteine and homocysteine in various organ systems including neuronal, cardiovascular, gastrointestinal, and kidney. Derangement of cysteine and homocysteine metabolism and clearance, particularly in the renal vasculature, leads to H2S biosynthesis deregulation causing or contributing to existing high blood pressure. While a variety of environmental influences, such as diet can have an effect on H2S regulation and function, genetic factors, and more recently epigenetics, also have a vital role in H2S regulation and function, and therefore disease initiation and progression. In addition, new research into the role of gut microbiota in the development of hypertension has highlighted the need to further explore these microorganisms and how they influence the levels of H2S throughout the body and possibly exploiting microbiota for use of hypertension treatment. In this review, we summarize recent advances in the field of hypertension research emphasizing renal contribution and how H2S physiology can be exploited as a possible therapeutic strategy to ameliorate kidney dysfunction as well as to control blood pressure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gregory J Weber
- Department of Physiology, University of Louisville, School of Medicine, Louisville, KY 40202, United States
| | - Sathnur Pushpakumar
- Department of Physiology, University of Louisville, School of Medicine, Louisville, KY 40202, United States
| | - Suresh C Tyagi
- Department of Physiology, University of Louisville, School of Medicine, Louisville, KY 40202, United States
| | - Utpal Sen
- Department of Physiology, University of Louisville, School of Medicine, Louisville, KY 40202, United States.
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Hydrogen Sulfide Mitigates Kidney Injury in High Fat Diet-Induced Obese Mice. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2016; 2016:2715718. [PMID: 27413418 PMCID: PMC4930816 DOI: 10.1155/2016/2715718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2016] [Revised: 05/06/2016] [Accepted: 05/08/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Obesity is prevalent worldwide and is a major risk factor for the development and progression of kidney disease. Hydrogen sulfide (H2S) plays an important role in renal physiological and pathophysiological processes. However, whether H2S is able to mitigate kidney injury induced by obesity in mice remains unclear. In this study, we demonstrated that H2S significantly reduced the accumulation of lipids in the kidneys of high fat diet- (HFD-) induced obese mice. The results of hematoxylin and eosin, periodic acid-Schiff, and Masson's trichrome staining showed that H2S ameliorated the kidney structure, decreased the extent of interstitial injury, and reduced the degree of kidney fibrosis in HFD-induced obese mice. We found that H2S decreased the expression levels of tumor necrosis factor-α, interleukin- (IL-) 6, and monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 but increased the expression level of IL-10. Furthermore, H2S treatment decreased the protein expression of p50, p65, and p-p65 in the kidney of HFD-induced obese mice. In conclusion, H2S is able to mitigate renal injury in HFD-induced obese mice through the reduction of kidney inflammation by downregulating the expression of nuclear factor-kappa B. H2S or its releasing compounds may serve as a potential therapeutic molecule for obesity-induced kidney injury.
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Snijder PM, Frenay AR, de Boer RA, Pasch A, Hillebrands JL, Leuvenink HGD, van Goor H. Exogenous administration of thiosulfate, a donor of hydrogen sulfide, attenuates angiotensin II-induced hypertensive heart disease in rats. Br J Pharmacol 2016; 172:1494-504. [PMID: 24962324 DOI: 10.1111/bph.12825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2013] [Revised: 06/09/2014] [Accepted: 06/15/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Hypertension is an important mediator of cardiac damage and remodelling. Hydrogen sulfide (H2S) is an endogenously produced gasotransmitter with cardioprotective properties. However, it is not yet in clinical use. We, therefore, investigated the protective effects of sodium thiosulfate (STS), a clinically applicable H2 S donor substance, in angiotensin II (Ang II)-induced hypertensive cardiac disease in rats. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH Male Sprague Dawley rats were infused with Ang II (435 ng kg min(-1)) or saline (control) for 3 weeks via s.c. placed osmotic minipumps. During these 3 weeks, rats received i.p. injections of either STS, NaHS or vehicle (0.9% NaCl). KEY RESULTS Compared with controls, Ang II infusion caused an increase in systolic and diastolic BP with associated cardiac damage as evidenced by cardiac hypertrophy, an increase in atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) mRNA, cardiac fibrosis and increased oxidative stress. Treatment with NaHS and STS prevented the development of hypertension and the increase in ANP mRNA levels. Furthermore, the degree of cardiac hypertrophy, the extent of histological fibrosis in combination with the expression of profibrotic genes and the levels of oxidative stress were all significantly decreased. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS Ang II-induced hypertensive cardiac disease can be attenuated by treatment with STS and NaHS. Although BP regulation is the most plausible mechanism of cardiac protection, the antifibrotic and antioxidant properties of released sulfide may also contribute to their effects. Our data show that H2 S might be a valuable addition to the already existing antihypertensive and cardioprotective therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- P M Snijder
- Department of Pathology and Medical Biology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands; Department of Surgery, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
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Amin M, Pushpakumar S, Muradashvili N, Kundu S, Tyagi SC, Sen U. Regulation and involvement of matrix metalloproteinases in vascular diseases. FRONT BIOSCI-LANDMRK 2016; 21:89-118. [PMID: 26709763 PMCID: PMC5462461 DOI: 10.2741/4378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) are a family of zinc dependent endopeptidases whose main function is to degrade and deposit structural proteins within the extracellular matrix (ECM). A dysregulation of MMPs is linked to vascular diseases. MMPs are classified into collagenases, gelatinases, membrane-type, metalloelastase, stromelysins, matrilysins, enamelysins, and unclassified subgroups. The production of MMPs is stimulated by factors such as oxidative stress, growth factors and inflammation which lead to its up- or down-regulation with subsequent ECM remodeling. Normally, excess activation of MMPs is controlled by their endogenous inhibitors, tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinases (TIMPs). An imbalance of MMPs and TIMPs has been implicated in hypertension, atherosclerotic plaque formation and instability, aortic aneurysms and varicose vein wall remodeling. Also, recent evidence suggests epigenetic regulation of some MMPs in angiogenesis and atherosclerosis. Over the years, pharmacological inhibitors of MMPs have been used to modify or prevent the development of the disease with some success. In this review, we discuss recent advances in MMP biology, and their involvement in the manifestation of vascular disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew Amin
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Louisville, School of Medicine, Louisville, KY-40202
| | - Sathnur Pushpakumar
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Louisville, School of Medicine, Louisville, KY-40202
| | - Nino Muradashvili
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Louisville, School of Medicine, Louisville, KY-40202
| | - Sourav Kundu
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Louisville, School of Medicine, Louisville, KY-40202
| | - Suresh C Tyagi
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Louisville, School of Medicine, Louisville, KY-40202
| | - Utpal Sen
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Louisville, School of Medicine, Louisville, KY-40202,
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Abstract
Hyperhomocysteinemia occurs in chronic- and end-stage kidney disease at the time when dialysis or transplant becomes indispensable for survival. Excessive accumulation of homocysteine (Hcy) aggravates conditions associated with imbalanced homeostasis and cellular redox thereby resulting in severe oxidative stress leading to oxidation of reduced free and protein-bound thiols. Thiol modifications such as N-homocysteinylation, sulfination, cysteinylation, glutathionylation, and sulfhydration control cellular responses that direct complex metabolic pathways. Although cysteinyl modifications are kept low, under Hcy-induced stress, thiol modifications persist thus surpassing cellular proteostasis. Here, we review mechanisms of redox regulation and show how cysteinyl modifications triggered by excess Hcy contribute development and progression of chronic kidney disease. We discuss different signaling events resulting from aberrant cysteinyl modification with a focus on transsulfuration.
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Pushpakumar S, Kundu S, Narayanan N, Sen U. DNA hypermethylation in hyperhomocysteinemia contributes to abnormal extracellular matrix metabolism in the kidney. FASEB J 2015. [PMID: 26224753 DOI: 10.1096/fj.15-272443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Hyperhomocysteinemia (HHcy) is prevalent in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) and end-stage renal disease (ESRD). Emerging studies suggest that epigenetic mechanisms contribute to the development and progression of fibrosis in CKD. HHcy and its intermediates are known to alter the DNA methylation pattern, which is a critical regulator of epigenetic information. In this study, we hypothesized that HHcy causes renovascular remodeling by DNA hypermethylation, leading to glomerulosclerosis. We also evaluated whether the DNA methylation inhibitor, 5-aza-2'-deoxycytidine (5-Aza) could modulate extracellular matrix (ECM) metabolism and reduce renovascular fibrosis. C57BL/6J (wild-type) and cystathionine-β-synthase (CBS(+/-)) mice, treated without or with 5-Aza (0.5 mg/kg body weight, i.p.), were used. CBS(+/-) mice showed high plasma Hcy levels, hypertension, and significant glomerular and arteriolar injury. 5-Aza treatment normalized blood pressure and reversed renal injury. CBS(+/-) mice showed global hypermethylation and up-regulation of DNA methyltransferase-1 and -3a. Methylation-specific PCR showed an imbalance between matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-9 and tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase (TIMP)-1 and -2 and also increased collagen and galectin-3 expression. 5-Aza reduced abnormal DNA methylation and restored the MMP-9/TIMP-1, -2 balance. In conclusion, our data suggest that during HHcy, abnormal DNA methylation and an imbalance between MMP-9 and TIMP-1 and -2 lead to ECM remodeling and renal fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sathnur Pushpakumar
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, Kentucky, USA
| | - Sourav Kundu
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, Kentucky, USA
| | - Nithya Narayanan
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, Kentucky, USA
| | - Utpal Sen
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, Kentucky, USA
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Kaur M, Sachdeva S, Bedi O, Kaur T, Kumar P. Combined effect of hydrogen sulphide donor and losartan in experimental diabetic nephropathy in rats. J Diabetes Metab Disord 2015. [PMID: 26221579 PMCID: PMC4517497 DOI: 10.1186/s40200-015-0185-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Background Diabetic nephropathy (DN) is one of the complex complications of Diabetes Mellitus (DM). The present study has been designed to examine protective role of hydrogen Sulphide (H2S) donor against streptozotocin (STZ) -induced behavioral, oxidative abnormalities and its DN like symptoms in rats. Methods For the induction of DN single intraperitoneal administration of STZ (45 mg/kg) was given till third week. Behavioral parameters were measured on 1st, 7th, 21st and 42nd days and biochemical parameters were performed on 42nd day. All the drug treatments [NaHS (10 & 30 μmol/kg i.p), DL-propargylglycine (10 mg/kg i.p), standard drug- Losartan (5 mg/kg p.o)] were given for 3 weeks staring from 21st day after the STZ injection. Results Three weeks treatment with sodium hydrosulphide (NaHS) (10 and 30 μmol/kg i.p,) significantly attenuated the behavioral and biochemical abnormalities in STZ-treated animals. DL-propargylglycine (10 mg/kg i.p) pretreatment with sub-effective dose of NaHS (30 μmol/kg i.p) significantly reversed the protective effect of NaHS. However, combination of both NaHS (30 μmol/kg i.p) and standard drug losartan (5 mg/kg p.o) potentiated their effects as compared to their effect alone. Conclusion The results of the present study suggest that H2S treatment showed significant improvement in behavioral and biochemical abnormalities induced by STZ administration. Thus H2S represents a target of treatment to prevent the progression of complications by DN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manpreet Kaur
- Pharmacology Division, Department of Pharmacology, ISF College of Pharmacy, Moga, 14200 Punjab India
| | - Shilpi Sachdeva
- Pharmacology Division, Department of Pharmacology, ISF College of Pharmacy, Moga, 14200 Punjab India
| | - Onkar Bedi
- Pharmacology Division, Department of Pharmacology, ISF College of Pharmacy, Moga, 14200 Punjab India
| | - Tavleen Kaur
- Pharmacology Division, Department of Pharmacology, ISF College of Pharmacy, Moga, 14200 Punjab India
| | - Puneet Kumar
- Pharmacology Division, Department of Pharmacology, ISF College of Pharmacy, Moga, 14200 Punjab India
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Koning AM, Frenay ARS, Leuvenink HG, van Goor H. Hydrogen sulfide in renal physiology, disease and transplantation – The smell of renal protection. Nitric Oxide 2015; 46:37-49. [DOI: 10.1016/j.niox.2015.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2014] [Revised: 01/19/2015] [Accepted: 01/22/2015] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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Lobb I, Sonke E, Aboalsamh G, Sener A. Hydrogen sulphide and the kidney: Important roles in renal physiology and pathogenesis and treatment of kidney injury and disease. Nitric Oxide 2015; 46:55-65. [DOI: 10.1016/j.niox.2014.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2014] [Revised: 10/10/2014] [Accepted: 10/20/2014] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
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Vacek TP, Neamtu D, Tyagi SC. Effect of MMPs on Cardiovasculature and Blood Flow. Atherosclerosis 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/9781118828533.ch36] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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MMP-9- and NMDA receptor-mediated mechanism of diabetic renovascular remodeling and kidney dysfunction: hydrogen sulfide is a key modulator. Nitric Oxide 2015; 46:172-85. [PMID: 25659756 DOI: 10.1016/j.niox.2015.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2014] [Revised: 02/01/2015] [Accepted: 02/02/2015] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Previously we reported that matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) plays an important role in extracellular matrix (ECM) remodeling in diabetic kidney. Induction of NMDA-R and dysregulation of connexins (Cxs) were also observed. We concluded that this was due to decreased H2S production by downregulation of CBS and CSE enzymes. However, the potential role of H2S to mitigate ECM dysregulation and renal dysfunction was not clearly understood. The present study was undertaken to determine whether H2S supplementation reduces MMP-9-induced ECM remodeling and dysfunction in diabetic kidney. Wild type (C57BL/6J), diabetic (Akita, C57BL/6J-Ins2(Akita)), MMP-9 knockout (MMP-9(-/-), M9KO) and double KO of Akita/MMP-9(-/-) (DKO) mice were treated without or with 0.005 g/l of NaHS (as a source of H2S) in drinking water for 30 days. Decreased tissue production and plasma content of H2S in Akita mice were ameliorated with H2S supplementation. Dysregulated expression of MMP-9, CBS, CSE, NMDA-R1 and Cxs-40, -43 was also normalized in Akita mice treated with H2S. In addition, increased renovascular resistive index (RI), ECM deposition, plasma creatinine, and diminished renal vascular density and cortical blood flow in Akita mice were normalized with H2S treatment. We conclude that diminished H2S production in renal tissue and plasma levels in diabetes mediates adverse renal remodeling, and H2S therapy improves renal function through MMP-9- and NMDA-R1-mediated pathway.
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Snijder PM, Frenay ARS, Koning AM, Bachtler M, Pasch A, Kwakernaak AJ, van den Berg E, Bos EM, Hillebrands JL, Navis G, Leuvenink HGD, van Goor H. Sodium thiosulfate attenuates angiotensin II-induced hypertension, proteinuria and renal damage. Nitric Oxide 2014; 42:87-98. [PMID: 25459997 DOI: 10.1016/j.niox.2014.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2014] [Revised: 10/05/2014] [Accepted: 10/09/2014] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Hypertension and proteinuria are important mediators of renal damage. Despite therapeutic interventions, the number of patients with end stage renal disease steadily increases. Hydrogen sulfide (H(2)S) is an endogenously produced gasotransmitter with vasodilatory, anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties. These beneficial characteristics make H(2)S an attractive candidate for pharmacological use in hypertensive renal disease. We investigated the protective properties of H(2)S in angiotensin II (Ang II)-induced hypertensive renal disease in rats. Treatment with the H(2)S donor NaHS and major H(2)S metabolite sodium thiosulfate (STS) during three weeks of Ang II infusion reduced hypertension, proteinuria, oxidative stress and renal functional and structural deterioration. In an ex vivo isolated perfused kidney setup, NaHS, but not STS, reduced intrarenal pressure. The effect of NaHS could partially be explained by its activation of the ATP-sensitive potassium channels. In conclusion, treatment with H(2)S attenuates Ang II-associated functional and structural renal deterioration, suggesting that intervention in H(2)S production pathways has potential therapeutic benefit and might be a valuable addition to the already existing antihypertensive and renoprotective therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pauline M Snijder
- Department of Pathology and Medical Biology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands; Department of Surgery, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Anne-Roos S Frenay
- Department of Pathology and Medical Biology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Anne M Koning
- Department of Pathology and Medical Biology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands; Department of Surgery, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Matthias Bachtler
- Department of Nephrology, Hypertension and Clinical Pharmacology, University Hospital Bern, Inselspital, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Andreas Pasch
- Department of Nephrology, Hypertension and Clinical Pharmacology, University Hospital Bern, Inselspital, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Arjan J Kwakernaak
- Kidney Center Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Else van den Berg
- Kidney Center Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Eelke M Bos
- Department of Pathology and Medical Biology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands; Department of Surgery, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Jan-Luuk Hillebrands
- Department of Pathology and Medical Biology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Gerjan Navis
- Kidney Center Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Henri G D Leuvenink
- Department of Surgery, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Harry van Goor
- Department of Pathology and Medical Biology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands.
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Cheng P, Chen K, Xia Y, Dai W, Wang F, Shen M, Wang C, Yang J, Zhu R, Zhang H, Li J, Zheng Y, Wang J, Zhang Y, Lu J, Zhou Y, Guo C. Hydrogen sulfide, a potential novel drug, attenuates concanavalin A-induced hepatitis. Drug Des Devel Ther 2014; 8:1277-86. [PMID: 25246769 PMCID: PMC4166909 DOI: 10.2147/dddt.s66573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hydrogen sulfide (H2S) is known to exert anti-inflammatory properties. Apoptosis and autophagy play important roles in concanavalin A (Con A)-induced acute hepatitis. The purpose of this study was to explore both the effect and mechanism of H2S on Con A-induced acute hepatitis. METHODS BALB/c mice were randomized into sham group, Con A-injection group, and 14 μmol/kg of sodium hydrosulfide (NaHS, an H2S donor) pretreatment group. RESULTS Aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, and pathological damage were significantly ameliorated by NaHS pretreatment. NaHS pretreatment significantly reduced the levels of interleukin-6 and tumor necrosis factor-α compared with those of the Con A group. The expression of Bcl-2, Bax, Beclin-1, and LC3-2, which play important roles in the apoptosis and autophagy pathways, were also clearly affected by NaHS. Furthermore, NaHS affected the p-mTOR and p-AKT. CONCLUSION H2S attenuates Con A-induced acute hepatitis by inhibiting apoptosis and autophagy, in part, through activation of the PtdIns3K-AKT1 signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ping Cheng
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University of Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Kan Chen
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University of Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Yujing Xia
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University of Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Weiqi Dai
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University of Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Fan Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University of Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Miao Shen
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University of Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Chengfen Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University of Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Jing Yang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University of Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Rong Zhu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University of Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Huawei Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University of Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Jingjing Li
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University of Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuanyuan Zheng
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University of Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Junshan Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University of Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Yan Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University of Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Jie Lu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University of Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Yingqun Zhou
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University of Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Chuanyong Guo
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University of Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
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H2S, a novel therapeutic target in renal-associated diseases? Clin Chim Acta 2014; 438:112-8. [PMID: 25149103 DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2014.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2014] [Revised: 07/29/2014] [Accepted: 08/03/2014] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
For more than a century, hydrogen sulfide (H2S) has been regarded as a toxic gas. Recently, the understanding of the biological effects of H2S has been changed. This review surveys the growing recognition of H2S as an endogenous signaling molecule in mammals, with emphasis on its physiological and pathological pathways in the urinary system. This article reviews recent progress of basic and pharmacological researches related to endogenous H2S in urinary system, including the regulatory effects of H2S in the process of antioxidant, inflammation, cellular matrix remodeling and ion channels, and the role of endogenous H2S pathway in the pathogenesis of renal and urogenital disorders.
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Xia M, Conley SM, Li G, Li PL, Boini KM. Inhibition of hyperhomocysteinemia-induced inflammasome activation and glomerular sclerosis by NLRP3 gene deletion. Cell Physiol Biochem 2014; 34:829-41. [PMID: 25171193 DOI: 10.1159/000363046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/01/2014] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIMS Hyperhomocysteinemia (hHcys) has been reported to initiate Nod-like receptor protein 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome formation and activation in podocytes, leading to glomerular dysfunction and sclerosis. However, it remains unknown whether Nlrp3 gene is critical for the formation and activation of inflammasomes in glomeruli of hHcys mice. METHODS Plasma homocysteine concentration was estimated utilizing HPLC, inflammasome formation and immunofluorescence expression from confocal microscopy, IL-1β production from ELISA. RESULTS Uninephrectomized Nlrp3 knockout (Nlrp3(-/-)) and wild type (Nlrp3(+/+)) and intra renal Nlrp3 shRNA-transfected wild type mice (Nlrp3 shRNA) were fed a folate free (FF) diet or normal chow (ND) for 4 weeks to produce hHcys. The plasma Hcys levels were significantly elevated in both Nlrp3(-/-) and Nlrp3(+/+) mice fed a FF diet compared to ND fed mice. The FF diet significantly increased the colocalization of Nlrp3 with apoptosis-associated speck-like protein (ASC) or caspase-1, caspase-1 activity and IL-1β production in glomeruli of Nlrp3(+/+), but not in Nlrp3(-/-) mice and local Nlrp3 shRNA transfected mice. Correspondingly, the glomerular damage index (GDI) and urinary protein excretion were significantly higher in Nlrp3(+/+) mice compared to ND fed mice. However, the hHcys-induced increase in GDI and proteinuria were significantly lower in Nlrp3(-/-) and local Nlrp3 shRNA transfected mice than in Nlrp3(+/+) mice. Immunocytochemical analysis showed that hHcys decreased expression of podocin and nephrin, but increased desmin expression in glomeruli of Nlrp3(+/+) mice compared to Nlrp3(-/-) mice. CONCLUSION Nlrp3 gene is an essential component of Nlrp3 inflammasomes and that targeting Nlrp3 may be important therapeutic strategy to prevent inflammasome activation and thereby protect podocytes and glomeruli from hHcys-induced injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Xia
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Virginia Commonwealth University, School of Medicine, Richmond, VA, USA
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Abais JM, Xia M, Li G, Chen Y, Conley SM, Gehr TWB, Boini KM, Li PL. Nod-like receptor protein 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome activation and podocyte injury via thioredoxin-interacting protein (TXNIP) during hyperhomocysteinemia. J Biol Chem 2014; 289:27159-27168. [PMID: 25138219 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m114.567537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 111] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
NADPH oxidase-derived reactive oxygen species (ROS) have been reported to activate NLRP3 inflammasomes resulting in podocyte and glomerular injury during hyperhomocysteinemia (hHcys). However, the mechanism by which the inflammasome senses ROS is still unknown in podocytes upon hHcys stimulation. The current study explored whether thioredoxin-interacting protein (TXNIP), an endogenous inhibitor of the antioxidant thioredoxin and ROS sensor, mediates hHcys-induced NLRP3 inflammasome activation and consequent glomerular injury. In cultured podocytes, size exclusion chromatography and confocal microscopy showed that inhibition of TXNIP by siRNA or verapamil prevented Hcys-induced TXNIP protein recruitment to form NLRP3 inflammasomes and abolished Hcys-induced increases in caspase-1 activity and IL-1β production. TXNIP inhibition protected podocytes from injury as shown by normal expression levels of podocyte markers, podocin and desmin. In vivo, adult C57BL/6J male mice were fed a folate-free diet for 4 weeks to induce hHcys, and TXNIP was inhibited by verapamil (1 mg/ml in drinking water) or by local microbubble-ultrasound TXNIP shRNA transfection. Evidenced by immunofluorescence and co-immunoprecipitation studies, glomerular inflammasome formation and TXNIP binding to NLRP3 were markedly increased in mice with hHcys but not in TXNIP shRNA-transfected mice or those receiving verapamil. Furthermore, TXNIP inhibition significantly reduced caspase-1 activity and IL-1β production in glomeruli of mice with hHcys. Correspondingly, TXNIP shRNA transfection and verapamil attenuated hHcys-induced proteinuria, albuminuria, glomerular damage, and podocyte injury. In conclusion, our results demonstrate that TXNIP binding to NLRP3 is a key signaling mechanism necessary for hHcys-induced NLRP3 inflammasome formation and activation and subsequent glomerular injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justine M Abais
- Departments of Pharmacology and Toxicology and School of Medicine, Richmond, Virginia 23298.
| | - Min Xia
- Departments of Pharmacology and Toxicology and School of Medicine, Richmond, Virginia 23298
| | - Guangbi Li
- Departments of Pharmacology and Toxicology and School of Medicine, Richmond, Virginia 23298
| | - Yang Chen
- Departments of Pharmacology and Toxicology and School of Medicine, Richmond, Virginia 23298
| | - Sabena M Conley
- Departments of Pharmacology and Toxicology and School of Medicine, Richmond, Virginia 23298
| | - Todd W B Gehr
- Internal Medicine Virginia Commonwealth University, School of Medicine, Richmond, Virginia 23298
| | - Krishna M Boini
- Departments of Pharmacology and Toxicology and School of Medicine, Richmond, Virginia 23298
| | - Pin-Lan Li
- Departments of Pharmacology and Toxicology and School of Medicine, Richmond, Virginia 23298
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Homocysteine in renovascular complications: hydrogen sulfide is a modulator and plausible anaerobic ATP generator. Nitric Oxide 2014; 41:27-37. [PMID: 24963795 DOI: 10.1016/j.niox.2014.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2014] [Revised: 06/16/2014] [Accepted: 06/17/2014] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Homocysteine (Hcy) is a non-protein amino acid derived from dietary methionine. High levels of Hcy, known as hyperhomocysteinemia (HHcy) is known to cause vascular complications. In the mammalian tissue, Hcy is metabolized by transsulfuration enzymes to produce hydrogen sulfide (H2S). H2S, a pungent smelling gas was previously known for its toxic effects in the central nervous system, recent studies however has revealed protective effects in a variety of diseases including hypertension, diabetes, inflammation, atherosclerosis, and renal disease progression and failure. Interestingly, under stress conditions including hypoxia, H2S can reduce metabolic demand and also act as a substrate for ATP production. This review highlights some of the recent advances in H2S research as a potential therapeutic agent targeting renovascular diseases associated with HHcy.
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Cheng P, Wang F, Chen K, Shen M, Dai W, Xu L, Zhang Y, Wang C, Li J, Yang J, Zhu R, Zhang H, Zheng Y, Lu J, Zhou Y, Guo C. Hydrogen sulfide ameliorates ischemia/reperfusion-induced hepatitis by inhibiting apoptosis and autophagy pathways. Mediators Inflamm 2014; 2014:935251. [PMID: 24966472 PMCID: PMC4055384 DOI: 10.1155/2014/935251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2014] [Revised: 04/08/2014] [Accepted: 04/08/2014] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hepatic ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury is an important clinical problem, and its consequences can seriously threaten human health. Apoptosis and autophagy have been shown to contribute to cell death in hepatic I/R injury. Hydrogen sulfide (H2S) is the third most common endogenously produced gaseous signaling molecule and is known to exert a protective effect against hepatic I/R injury. In this study, the purpose is to explore both the effect and mechanism of H2S on hepatic I/R injury. METHODS Balb/c mice were randomized into Sham, I/R, or two doses (14 μmol/kg and 28 μmol/kg) of sodium hydrosulfide (NaHS, an H2S donor) preconditioning groups. RESULTS NaHS significantly reduced the levels of TNF- α and IL-6 at 12 h and 24 h after injection compared with ischemia/reperfusion challenge alone. The expression of Bcl-2, Bax, Beclin-1, and LC3, which play important roles in the regulation of the apoptosis and autophagy pathways, was also clearly affected by NaHS. Furthermore, NaHS affected the p-JNK1, p-ERK1, and p-p38. CONCLUSION Our results indicate that H2S attenuates hepatic I/R injury, at least in part, by regulating apoptosis through inhibiting JNK1 signaling. The autophagy agonist rapamycin potentiated this hepatoprotective effect by reversing the inhibition of autophagy by H2S.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ping Cheng
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Tenth People's Hospital of Tongji University, Shanghai 200072, China
| | - Fan Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Tenth People's Hospital of Tongji University, Shanghai 200072, China
| | - Kan Chen
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Tenth People's Hospital of Tongji University, Shanghai 200072, China
| | - Miao Shen
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Tenth People's Hospital of Tongji University, Shanghai 200072, China
| | - Weiqi Dai
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Tenth People's Hospital of Tongji University, Shanghai 200072, China
| | - Ling Xu
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Tenth People's Hospital of Tongji University, Shanghai 200072, China
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Tongren Hospital of Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai 200050, China
| | - Yan Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Tenth People's Hospital of Tongji University, Shanghai 200072, China
| | - Chengfen Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Tenth People's Hospital of Tongji University, Shanghai 200072, China
| | - Jingjing Li
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Tenth People's Hospital of Tongji University, Shanghai 200072, China
| | - Jing Yang
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Tenth People's Hospital of Tongji University, Shanghai 200072, China
| | - Rong Zhu
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Tenth People's Hospital of Tongji University, Shanghai 200072, China
- Department of Gastroenterology, Clinical Medical College of the Tenth People's Hospital of Nangjing Medical University, Shanghai 200072, China
| | - Huawei Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Tenth People's Hospital of Tongji University, Shanghai 200072, China
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou 215006, China
| | - Yuanyuan Zheng
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Tenth People's Hospital of Tongji University, Shanghai 200072, China
| | - Jie Lu
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Tenth People's Hospital of Tongji University, Shanghai 200072, China
| | - Yingqun Zhou
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Tenth People's Hospital of Tongji University, Shanghai 200072, China
| | - Chuanyong Guo
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Tenth People's Hospital of Tongji University, Shanghai 200072, China
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Pushpakumar SB, Kundu S, Metreveli N, Sen U. Folic acid mitigates angiotensin-II-induced blood pressure and renal remodeling. PLoS One 2013; 8:e83813. [PMID: 24386282 PMCID: PMC3873386 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0083813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2013] [Accepted: 11/08/2013] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Clinical data suggests an association between systolic hypertension, renal function and hyperhomocysteinemia (HHcy). HHcy is a state of elevated plasma homocysteine (Hcy) levels and is known to cause vascular complications. In this study, we tested the hypothesis whether Ang II-induced hypertension increases plasma Hcy levels and contributes to renovascular remodeling. We also tested whether folic acid (FA) treatment reduces plasma Hcy levels by enhancing Hcy remethylation and thus mitigating renal remodeling. Hypertension was induced in WT mice by infusing Ang II using Alzet mini osmotic pumps. Blood pressure, Hcy level, renal vascular density, oxidative stress, inflammation and fibrosis markers, and angiogenic- and anti-angiogenic factors were measured. Ang II hypertension increased plasma Hcy levels and reduced renal cortical blood flow and microvascular density. Elevated Hcy in Ang II hypertension was associated with decreased 4, 5-Diaminofluorescein (DAF-2DA) staining suggesting impaired endothelial function. Increased expression of Nox-2, -4 and dihydroethidium stain revealed oxidative stress. Excess collagen IV deposition in the peri-glomerular area and increased MMP-2, and -9 expression and activity indicated renal remodeling. The mRNA and protein expression of asymmetric dimethylarginine (ADMA) was increased and eNOS protein was decreased suggesting the involvement of this pathway in Hcy mediated hypertension. Decreased expressions of VEGF and increased anti-angiogenic factors, angiostatin and endostatin indicated impaired vasculogenesis. FA treatment partially reduced hypertension by mitigating HHcy in Ang II-treated animals and alleviated pro-inflammatory, pro-fibrotic and anti-angiogenic factors. These results suggest that renovascular remodeling in Ang II-induced hypertension is, in part, due to HHcy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sathnur B. Pushpakumar
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, Kentucky, United States of America
| | - Sourav Kundu
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, Kentucky, United States of America
| | - Naira Metreveli
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, Kentucky, United States of America
| | - Utpal Sen
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, Kentucky, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Snijder PM, van den Berg E, Whiteman M, Bakker SJL, Leuvenink HGD, van Goor H. Emerging role of gasotransmitters in renal transplantation. Am J Transplant 2013; 13:3067-75. [PMID: 24266966 DOI: 10.1111/ajt.12483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2013] [Revised: 08/21/2013] [Accepted: 08/21/2013] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Once patients with kidney disease progress to end-stage renal failure, transplantation is the preferred option of treatment resulting in improved quality of life and reduced mortality compared to dialysis. Although 1-year survival has improved considerably, graft and patient survival in the long term have not been concurrent, and therefore new tools to improve long-term graft and patient survival are warranted. Over the past decades, the gasotransmitters nitric oxide (NO), carbon monoxide (CO) and hydrogen sulfide (H2S) have emerged as potent cytoprotective mediators in various diseases. All three gasotransmitters are endogenously produced messenger molecules that possess vasodilatory, anti-apoptotic, anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidant properties by influencing an array of intracellular signaling processes. Although many regulatory functions of gasotransmitters have overlapping actions, differences have also been reported. In addition, crosstalk between NO, CO and H2S results in synergistic regulatory effects. Endogenous and exogenous manipulation of gasotransmitter levels modulates several processes involved in renal transplantation. This review focuses on mechanisms of gas-mediated cytoprotection and complex interactions between gasotransmitters in renal transplantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- P M Snijder
- Department of Pathology and Medical Biology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands; Department of Surgery, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
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Cao L, Lou X, Zou Z, Mou N, Wu W, Huang X, Tan H. Folic acid attenuates hyperhomocysteinemia-induced glomerular damage in rats. Microvasc Res 2013; 89:146-52. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mvr.2013.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2013] [Revised: 07/03/2013] [Accepted: 07/06/2013] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Kundu S, Pushpakumar SB, Tyagi A, Coley D, Sen U. Hydrogen sulfide deficiency and diabetic renal remodeling: role of matrix metalloproteinase-9. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2013; 304:E1365-78. [PMID: 23632630 PMCID: PMC3680700 DOI: 10.1152/ajpendo.00604.2012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) causes adverse remodeling, whereas hydrogen sulfide (H2S) rescues organs in vascular diseases. The involvement of MMP-9 and H2S in diabetic renovascular remodeling is, however, not well characterized. We determined whether MMP-9 regulates H2S generation and whether H2S modulates connexin through N-methyl-d-aspartate receptor (NMDA-R)-mediated pathway in the diabetic kidney. Wild-type (WT, C57BL/6J), diabetic (Akita, C57BL/6J-Ins2(Akita)), MMP-9(-/-) (M9KO), double knockout (DKO) of Akita/MMP-9(-/-) mice and in vitro cell culture were used in our study. Hyperglycemic Akita mice exhibited increased level of MMP-9 and decreased production of H2S. H2S-synthesizing enzymes cystathionine-β-synthase and cystathionine-γ-lyase were also diminished. In addition, increased expressions of NMDA-R1 and connexin-40 and -43 were observed in diabetic kidney. As expected, MMP-9 mRNA was not detected in M9KO kidneys. However, very thin protein expression and activity were detected. No other changes were noticed in M9KO kidney. In DKO mice, all the above molecules showed a trend toward baseline despite hyperglycemia. In vitro, glomerular endothelial cells treated with high glucose showed induction of MMP-9, attenuated H2S production, NMDA-R1 induction, and dysregulated conexin-40 and -43 expressions. Silencing MMP-9 by siRNA or inhibition of NMDA-R1 by MK801 or H2S treatment preserved connexin-40 and -43. We conclude that in diabetic renovascular remodeling MMP-9 plays a major role and that H2S has therapeutic potential to prevent adverse diabetic renal remodeling.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Cells, Cultured
- Diabetic Nephropathies/genetics
- Diabetic Nephropathies/metabolism
- Dizocilpine Maleate/pharmacology
- Endothelial Cells/cytology
- Excitatory Amino Acid Antagonists/pharmacology
- Glycosuria, Renal/genetics
- Glycosuria, Renal/metabolism
- Hydrogen Sulfide/metabolism
- Kidney Glomerulus/blood supply
- Kidney Glomerulus/cytology
- Kidney Tubules, Proximal/blood supply
- Kidney Tubules, Proximal/cytology
- Matrix Metalloproteinase 9/genetics
- Matrix Metalloproteinase 9/metabolism
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Mice, Knockout
- RNA, Small Interfering/genetics
- Receptors, N-Methyl-D-Aspartate/antagonists & inhibitors
- Receptors, N-Methyl-D-Aspartate/genetics
- Receptors, N-Methyl-D-Aspartate/metabolism
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Affiliation(s)
- Sourav Kundu
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, Kentucky
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Abstract
Sulfur is the seventh most abundant element measurable in the human body and is supplied mainly by the intake of methionine (Met), an indispensable amino acid found in plant and animal proteins. Met controls the initiation of protein synthesis, governs major metabolic and catalytic activities, and may undergo reversible redox processes safeguarding protein integrity. Withdrawal of Met from customary diets causes the greatest downsizing of lean body mass following either unachieved replenishment (malnutrition) or excessive losses (inflammation). These physiopathologically unrelated morbidities nevertheless stimulate comparable remethylation reactions from homocysteine, indicating that Met homeostasis benefits from high metabolic priority. Inhibition of cystathionine-β-synthase activity causes the upstream sequestration of homocysteine and the downstream drop in cysteine and glutathione. Consequently, the enzymatic production of hydrogen sulfide and the nonenzymatic reduction of elemental sulfur to hydrogen sulfide are impaired. Sulfur operates as cofactor of several enzymes critically involved in the regulation of oxidative processes. A combination of malnutrition and nutritional deprivation of sulfur maximizes the risk of cardiovascular disorders and stroke, constituting a novel clinical entity that threatens plant-eating population groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yves Ingenbleek
- Laboratory of Nutrition, Faculty of Pharmacy, University Louis Pasteur, Strasbourg, France.
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Bos EM, Wang R, Snijder PM, Boersema M, Damman J, Fu M, Moser J, Hillebrands JL, Ploeg RJ, Yang G, Leuvenink HGD, van Goor H. Cystathionine γ-lyase protects against renal ischemia/reperfusion by modulating oxidative stress. J Am Soc Nephrol 2013; 24:759-70. [PMID: 23449534 DOI: 10.1681/asn.2012030268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 144] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Hydrogen sulfide (H2S) is an endogenous gasotransmitter with physiologic functions similar to nitric oxide and carbon monoxide. Exogenous treatment with H2S can induce a reversible hypometabolic state, which can protect organs from ischemia/reperfusion injury, but whether cystathionine γ-lyase (CSE), which produces endogenous H2S, has similar protective effects is unknown. Here, human renal tissue revealed abundant expression of CSE, localized to glomeruli and the tubulointerstitium. Compared with wild-type mice, CSE knockout mice had markedly reduced renal production of H2S, and CSE deficiency associated with increased damage and mortality after renal ischemia/reperfusion injury. Treatment with exogenous H2S rescued CSE knockout mice from the injury and mortality associated with renal ischemia. In addition, overexpression of CSE in vitro reduced the amount of reactive oxygen species produced during stress. Last, the level of renal CSE mRNA at the time of organ procurement positively associated with GFR 14 days after transplantation. In summary, these results suggest that CSE protects against renal ischemia/reperfusion injury, likely by modulating oxidative stress through the production of H2S.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eelke M Bos
- Department of Pathology and Medical Biology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, the Netherlands
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Perna AF, Ingrosso D. Low hydrogen sulphide and chronic kidney disease: a dangerous liaison. Nephrol Dial Transplant 2012; 27:486-93. [PMID: 22323660 DOI: 10.1093/ndt/gfr737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Hydrogen sulphide, H(2)S, is a gaseous compound involved in a number of biological responses, e.g. blood pressure, vascular function and energy metabolism. In particular, H(2)S is able to lower blood pressure, protect from injury in models of ischaemia-reperfusion and induce a hypometabolic state. In chronic kidney disease (CKD), low plasma hydrogen sulphide levels have been established in humans and in animal models. The enzymes involved in its production are cystathionine β-synthase, cystathionine γ-lyase and 3-mercaptopyruvate sulphurtransferase. The mechanisms for H(2)S decrease in CKD are related to the reduced gene expression (demonstrated in uraemic patient blood cells) and decreased protein levels (in tissues such as liver, kidney, brain in a CKD rat model). In the present Nephrol Dial Transplant issue, in fact, Aminzadeh and Vaziri document that the alterations in this pathway complicate the uraemic state and are linked to CKD progression. They furnish a time frame in CKD and record enzyme tissue distribution. It remains to be established if low H(2)S is causally linked to CKD progression and if interventions aimed to restore the status quo ante are able to modify this picture.
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