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Kahle KT, Klinge PM, Koschnitzky JE, Kulkarni AV, MacAulay N, Robinson S, Schiff SJ, Strahle JM. Paediatric hydrocephalus. Nat Rev Dis Primers 2024; 10:35. [PMID: 38755194 DOI: 10.1038/s41572-024-00519-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/11/2024] [Indexed: 05/18/2024]
Abstract
Hydrocephalus is classically considered as a failure of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) homeostasis that results in the active expansion of the cerebral ventricles. Infants with hydrocephalus can present with progressive increases in head circumference whereas older children often present with signs and symptoms of elevated intracranial pressure. Congenital hydrocephalus is present at or near birth and some cases have been linked to gene mutations that disrupt brain morphogenesis and alter the biomechanics of the CSF-brain interface. Acquired hydrocephalus can develop at any time after birth, is often caused by central nervous system infection or haemorrhage and has been associated with blockage of CSF pathways and inflammation-dependent dysregulation of CSF secretion and clearance. Treatments for hydrocephalus mainly include surgical CSF shunting or endoscopic third ventriculostomy with or without choroid plexus cauterization. In utero treatment of fetal hydrocephalus is possible via surgical closure of associated neural tube defects. Long-term outcomes for children with hydrocephalus vary widely and depend on intrinsic (genetic) and extrinsic factors. Advances in genomics, brain imaging and other technologies are beginning to refine the definition of hydrocephalus, increase precision of prognostication and identify nonsurgical treatment strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristopher T Kahle
- Department of Neurosurgery, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
- Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA.
- Department of Neurosurgery and Division of Genetics and Genomics, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.
| | - Petra M Klinge
- Department of Neurosurgery, Rhode Island Hospital, The Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Jenna E Koschnitzky
- Department of Neurosurgery, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Abhaya V Kulkarni
- Division of Paediatric Neurosurgery, Hospital for Sick Children, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Nanna MacAulay
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Shenandoah Robinson
- Department of Neurosurgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Department of Paediatrics, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Steven J Schiff
- Department of Neurosurgery, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
- Department of Epidemiology of Microbial Diseases, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Jennifer M Strahle
- Department of Neurosurgery, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO, USA
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Chen YJ, Wang WJ, Zou DF, Luo JX, Jin PY, Jin L, Liu XR, Liao WP, Li B, Chen YJ. CCDC88C variants are associated with focal epilepsy and genotype-phenotype correlation. Clin Genet 2024; 105:397-405. [PMID: 38173219 DOI: 10.1111/cge.14476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2023] [Revised: 11/17/2023] [Accepted: 12/14/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024]
Abstract
CCDC88C gene, which encodes coiled-coil domain containing 88C, is essential for cell communication during neural development. Variants in the CCDC88C caused congenital hydrocephalus, some accompanied by seizures. In patients with epilepsy without acquired etiologies, we performed whole-exome sequencing (trio-based). Two de novo and two biallelic CCDC88C variants were identified in four cases with focal (partial) epilepsy. These variants did not present or had low frequencies in the gnomAD populations and were predicted to be damaging by multiple computational algorithms. Patients with de novo variants presented with adult-onset epilepsy, whereas patients with biallelic variants displayed infant-onset epilepsy. They all responded well to anti-seizure medications and were seizure-free. Further analysis showed that de novo variants were located at crucial domains, whereas one paired biallelic variants were located outside the crucial domains, and the other paired variant had a non-classical splicing and a variant located at crucial domain, suggesting a sub-molecular effect. CCDC88C variants associated with congenital hydrocephalus were all truncated, whereas epilepsy-associated variants were mainly missense, the proportion of which was significantly higher than that of congenital hydrocephalus-associated variants. CCDC88C is potentially associated with focal epilepsy with favorable outcome. The underlying mechanisms of phenotypic variation may correlation between genotype and phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Jie Chen
- Institute of Neuroscience of Guangzhou Medical University and Key Laboratory of Neurogenetics and Channelopathies of Guangdong Province and the Ministry of Education of China, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- Department of Neurology, the Affiliated Nanhua Hospital, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, China
| | - Wen-Jie Wang
- Department of Neurology, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, China
| | - Dong-Fang Zou
- Epilepsy Center and Department of Neurology, Shenzhen Children's Hospital, Shantou University Medical College, Shenzhen, China
| | - Jun-Xia Luo
- Department of Epilepsy Center, Children's Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University (Jinan Children's Hospital), Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Pei-Yan Jin
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Jinan Central Hospital, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Liang Jin
- Institute of Neuroscience of Guangzhou Medical University and Key Laboratory of Neurogenetics and Channelopathies of Guangdong Province and the Ministry of Education of China, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- Department of Neurology, the Affiliated Nanhua Hospital, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, China
| | - Xiao-Rong Liu
- Institute of Neuroscience of Guangzhou Medical University and Key Laboratory of Neurogenetics and Channelopathies of Guangdong Province and the Ministry of Education of China, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Wei-Ping Liao
- Institute of Neuroscience of Guangzhou Medical University and Key Laboratory of Neurogenetics and Channelopathies of Guangdong Province and the Ministry of Education of China, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Bin Li
- Institute of Neuroscience of Guangzhou Medical University and Key Laboratory of Neurogenetics and Channelopathies of Guangdong Province and the Ministry of Education of China, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Yong-Jun Chen
- Department of Neurology, the Affiliated Nanhua Hospital, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, China
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3
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Hale AT, Boudreau H, Devulapalli R, Duy PQ, Atchley TJ, Dewan MC, Goolam M, Fieggen G, Spader HL, Smith AA, Blount JP, Johnston JM, Rocque BG, Rozzelle CJ, Chong Z, Strahle JM, Schiff SJ, Kahle KT. The genetic basis of hydrocephalus: genes, pathways, mechanisms, and global impact. Fluids Barriers CNS 2024; 21:24. [PMID: 38439105 PMCID: PMC10913327 DOI: 10.1186/s12987-024-00513-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2023] [Accepted: 01/25/2024] [Indexed: 03/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Hydrocephalus (HC) is a heterogenous disease characterized by alterations in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) dynamics that may cause increased intracranial pressure. HC is a component of a wide array of genetic syndromes as well as a secondary consequence of brain injury (intraventricular hemorrhage (IVH), infection, etc.) that can present across the age spectrum, highlighting the phenotypic heterogeneity of the disease. Surgical treatments include ventricular shunting and endoscopic third ventriculostomy with or without choroid plexus cauterization, both of which are prone to failure, and no effective pharmacologic treatments for HC have been developed. Thus, there is an urgent need to understand the genetic architecture and molecular pathogenesis of HC. Without this knowledge, the development of preventive, diagnostic, and therapeutic measures is impeded. However, the genetics of HC is extraordinarily complex, based on studies of varying size, scope, and rigor. This review serves to provide a comprehensive overview of genes, pathways, mechanisms, and global impact of genetics contributing to all etiologies of HC in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew T Hale
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Alabama at Birmingham, FOT Suite 1060, 1720 2ndAve, Birmingham, AL, 35294, UK.
| | - Hunter Boudreau
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Alabama at Birmingham, FOT Suite 1060, 1720 2ndAve, Birmingham, AL, 35294, UK
| | - Rishi Devulapalli
- Heersink School of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, UK
| | - Phan Q Duy
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Travis J Atchley
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Alabama at Birmingham, FOT Suite 1060, 1720 2ndAve, Birmingham, AL, 35294, UK
| | - Michael C Dewan
- Division of Pediatric Neurosurgery, Monroe Carell Jr. Children's Hospital, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Mubeen Goolam
- Neuroscience Institute, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Graham Fieggen
- Neuroscience Institute, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
- Division of Pediatric Neurosurgery, Red Cross War Memorial Children's Hospital, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Heather L Spader
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Anastasia A Smith
- Division of Pediatric Neurosurgery, Children's of Alabama, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, UK
| | - Jeffrey P Blount
- Division of Pediatric Neurosurgery, Children's of Alabama, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, UK
| | - James M Johnston
- Division of Pediatric Neurosurgery, Children's of Alabama, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, UK
| | - Brandon G Rocque
- Division of Pediatric Neurosurgery, Children's of Alabama, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, UK
| | - Curtis J Rozzelle
- Division of Pediatric Neurosurgery, Children's of Alabama, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, UK
| | - Zechen Chong
- Heflin Center for Genomics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, UK
| | - Jennifer M Strahle
- Division of Pediatric Neurosurgery, St. Louis Children's Hospital, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Steven J Schiff
- Department of Neurosurgery, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Kristopher T Kahle
- Department of Neurosurgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
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4
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Nürnberg B, Beer-Hammer S, Reisinger E, Leiss V. Non-canonical G protein signaling. Pharmacol Ther 2024; 255:108589. [PMID: 38295906 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2024.108589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2023] [Revised: 12/18/2023] [Accepted: 01/08/2024] [Indexed: 02/17/2024]
Abstract
The original paradigm of classical - also referred to as canonical - cellular signal transduction of heterotrimeric G proteins (G protein) is defined by a hierarchical, orthograde interaction of three players: the agonist-activated G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR), which activates the transducing G protein, that in turn regulates its intracellular effectors. This receptor-transducer-effector concept was extended by the identification of regulators and adapters such as the regulators of G protein signaling (RGS), receptor kinases like βARK, or GPCR-interacting arrestin adapters that are integrated into this canonical signaling process at different levels to enable fine-tuning. Finally, the identification of atypical signaling mechanisms of classical regulators, together with the discovery of novel modulators, added a new and fascinating dimension to the cellular G protein signal transduction. This heterogeneous group of accessory G protein modulators was coined "activators of G protein signaling" (AGS) proteins and plays distinct roles in canonical and non-canonical G protein signaling pathways. AGS proteins contribute to the control of essential cellular functions such as cell development and division, intracellular transport processes, secretion, autophagy or cell movements. As such, they are involved in numerous biological processes that are crucial for diseases, like diabetes mellitus, cancer, and stroke, which represent major health burdens. Although the identification of a large number of non-canonical G protein signaling pathways has broadened the spectrum of this cellular communication system, their underlying mechanisms, functions, and biological effects are poorly understood. In this review, we highlight and discuss atypical G protein-dependent signaling mechanisms with a focus on inhibitory G proteins (Gi) involved in canonical and non-canonical signal transduction, review recent developments and open questions, address the potential of new approaches for targeted pharmacological interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bernd Nürnberg
- Department of Pharmacology, Experimental Therapy and Toxicology, Institute of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology and Pharmacogenomics, and ICePhA Mouse Clinic, University of Tübingen, Wilhelmstraße 56, D-72074 Tübingen, Germany.
| | - Sandra Beer-Hammer
- Department of Pharmacology, Experimental Therapy and Toxicology, Institute of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology and Pharmacogenomics, and ICePhA Mouse Clinic, University of Tübingen, Wilhelmstraße 56, D-72074 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Ellen Reisinger
- Gene Therapy for Hearing Impairment Group, Department of Otolaryngology - Head & Neck Surgery, University of Tübingen Medical Center, Elfriede-Aulhorn-Straße 5, D-72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Veronika Leiss
- Department of Pharmacology, Experimental Therapy and Toxicology, Institute of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology and Pharmacogenomics, and ICePhA Mouse Clinic, University of Tübingen, Wilhelmstraße 56, D-72074 Tübingen, Germany
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5
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Garcia-Marcos M. Heterotrimeric G protein signaling without GPCRs: The Gα-binding-and-activating (GBA) motif. J Biol Chem 2024; 300:105756. [PMID: 38364891 PMCID: PMC10943482 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2024.105756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2023] [Revised: 01/30/2024] [Accepted: 02/02/2024] [Indexed: 02/18/2024] Open
Abstract
Heterotrimeric G proteins (Gαβγ) are molecular switches that relay signals from 7-transmembrane receptors located at the cell surface to the cytoplasm. The function of these receptors is so intimately linked to heterotrimeric G proteins that they are named G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs), showcasing the interdependent nature of this archetypical receptor-transducer axis of transmembrane signaling in eukaryotes. It is generally assumed that activation of heterotrimeric G protein signaling occurs exclusively by the action of GPCRs, but this idea has been challenged by the discovery of alternative mechanisms by which G proteins can propagate signals in the cell. This review will focus on a general principle of G protein signaling that operates without the direct involvement of GPCRs. The mechanism of G protein signaling reviewed here is mediated by a class of G protein regulators defined by containing an evolutionarily conserved sequence named the Gα-binding-and-activating (GBA) motif. Using the best characterized proteins with a GBA motif as examples, Gα-interacting vesicle-associated protein (GIV)/Girdin and dishevelled-associating protein with a high frequency of leucine residues (DAPLE), this review will cover (i) the mechanisms by which extracellular cues not relayed by GPCRs promote the coupling of GBA motif-containing regulators with G proteins, (ii) the structural and molecular basis for how GBA motifs interact with Gα subunits to facilitate signaling, (iii) the relevance of this mechanism in different cellular and pathological processes, including cancer and birth defects, and (iv) strategies to manipulate GBA-G protein coupling for experimental therapeutics purposes, including the development of rationally engineered proteins and chemical probes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mikel Garcia-Marcos
- Department of Biochemistry & Cell Biology, Chobanian & Avedisian School of Medicine, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA; Department of Biology, College of Arts & Sciences, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
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Cebul ER, Marivin A, Wexler LR, Perrat PN, Bénard CY, Garcia-Marcos M, Heiman MG. SAX-7/L1CAM acts with the adherens junction proteins MAGI-1, HMR-1/Cadherin, and AFD-1/Afadin to promote glial-mediated dendrite extension. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.01.11.575259. [PMID: 38260503 PMCID: PMC10802611 DOI: 10.1101/2024.01.11.575259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2024]
Abstract
Adherens junctions (AJs) are a fundamental organizing structure for multicellular life. Although AJs are studied mainly in epithelia, their core function - stabilizing cell contacts by coupling adhesion molecules to the cytoskeleton - is important in diverse tissues. We find that two C. elegans sensory neurons, URX and BAG, require conserved AJ proteins for dendrite morphogenesis. We previously showed that URX and BAG dendrites attach to the embryonic nose via the adhesion molecule SAX-7/L1CAM, acting both in neurons and glia, and then extend by stretch during embryo elongation. Here, we find that a PDZ-binding motif (PB) in the SAX-7 cytoplasmic tail acts with other interaction motifs to promote dendrite extension. Using pull-down assays, we find that the SAX-7 PB binds the multi-PDZ scaffolding protein MAGI-1, which bridges it to the cadherin-catenin complex protein HMP-2/β-catenin. Using cell-specific rescue and depletion, we find that both MAGI-1 and HMR-1/Cadherin act in glia to non-autonomously promote dendrite extension. Double mutant analysis indicates that each protein can act independently of SAX-7, suggesting a multivalent adhesion complex. The SAX-7 PB motif also binds AFD-1/Afadin, loss of which further enhances sax-7 BAG dendrite defects. As MAGI-1, HMR-1, and AFD-1 are all found in epithelial AJs, we propose that an AJ-like complex in glia promotes dendrite extension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth R. Cebul
- Department of Genetics, Blavatnik Institute, Harvard Medical School and Division of Genetics and Genomics, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Present address: Section on Sensory Cell Development and Function, National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Arthur Marivin
- Department of Biochemistry & Cell Biology, Chobanian & Avedisian School of Medicine, Boston University, Boston, MA 02118, USA, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02118, USA
| | - Leland R. Wexler
- Department of Genetics, Blavatnik Institute, Harvard Medical School and Division of Genetics and Genomics, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Paola N. Perrat
- Department of Biological Sciences, CERMO-FC Research Center, Universite du Québec à Montréal, Montreál, QC, Canada
| | - Claire Y. Bénard
- Department of Biological Sciences, CERMO-FC Research Center, Universite du Québec à Montréal, Montreál, QC, Canada
| | - Mikel Garcia-Marcos
- Department of Biochemistry & Cell Biology, Chobanian & Avedisian School of Medicine, Boston University, Boston, MA 02118, USA, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02118, USA
- Department of Biology, College of Arts & Sciences, Boston University, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Maxwell G. Heiman
- Department of Genetics, Blavatnik Institute, Harvard Medical School and Division of Genetics and Genomics, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
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Gao S, Zhang Q, Feng B, Gu S, Li Z, Sun L, Yao R, Yu T, Ding Y, Wang X. A novel heterozygous variant of FOXJ1 in a Chinese female with primary ciliary dyskinesia and hydrocephalus: A case report and literature review. Mol Genet Genomic Med 2023; 11:e2235. [PMID: 37469238 PMCID: PMC10496049 DOI: 10.1002/mgg3.2235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2023] [Revised: 06/02/2023] [Accepted: 06/28/2023] [Indexed: 07/21/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Primary ciliary dyskinesia (PCD) is a type of ciliary dyskinesia that is usually caused by autosomal recessive inheritance and can manifest as recurrent respiratory infections, bronchiectasis, infertility, laterality defects, and chronic otolaryngological disease. Although ependymal cilia, which affect the flow of cerebrospinal fluid in the central nervous system, have much in common with respiratory cilia in terms of structure and function, hydrocephalus is rarely associated with PCD. Recently, variants of Forkhead box J1 (FOXJ1) have been found to cause PCD combined with hydrocephalus in a de novo, autosomal dominant inheritance pattern. METHODS We performed DNA extraction, whole-exome sequencing (WES) analysis, and mutation analysis of FOXJ1 and analyzed the patient's clinical and genetic data. RESULTS The patient was a 4-year-old female exhibiting normal growth and development. At 3 years and 2 months of age, the patient experienced hand shaking and weakness in the lower limbs. Cardiac ultrasonography showed a right-sided heart, and cranial magnetic resonance imaging showed obstructive hydrocephalus. The nasal nitric oxide level was 54 nL/min. WES indicated a de novo, heterozygous variant of FOXJ1, c.734-735 ins20. This variant was novel, not included in the Human Gene Mutation and Genome Aggregation Database, and likely pathogenic according to the American College of Medical Genetics and Genomics, causing earlier termination of amino acid translation. The patient underwent a neuroendoscopic third ventriculostomy after the diagnosis of obstructive hydrocephalus. Six months after the operation, the patient's motor deficits had improved. CONCLUSION This is the first report of a de novo, autosomal dominant pattern of FOXJ1 causing PCD combined with hydrocephalus in China. The patient's clinical symptoms were similar to those previously reported. WES confirmed that a novel variant of FOXJ1 was the cause of the PCD combined with hydrocephalus, expanding the spectrum of the genotypes associated with this condition. Physicians should be aware of the correlation of hydrocephalus and PCD and test for FOXJ1 variants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiyang Gao
- Department of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Genetics, Shanghai Children's Medical CenterShanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineShanghaiChina
| | - Qianwen Zhang
- Department of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Genetics, Shanghai Children's Medical CenterShanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineShanghaiChina
| | - Biyun Feng
- Department of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Genetics, Shanghai Children's Medical CenterShanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineShanghaiChina
| | - Shili Gu
- Department of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Genetics, Shanghai Children's Medical CenterShanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineShanghaiChina
| | - Zhiying Li
- Department of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Genetics, Shanghai Children's Medical CenterShanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineShanghaiChina
| | - Lianping Sun
- Department of Neurosurgery, Shanghai Children's Medical CenterShanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineShanghaiChina
| | - Ru‐en Yao
- Department of Genetic Molecular Diagnostic Laboratory, Shanghai Children's Medical CenterShanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineShanghaiChina
| | - Tingting Yu
- Department of Genetic Molecular Diagnostic Laboratory, Shanghai Children's Medical CenterShanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineShanghaiChina
| | - Yu Ding
- Department of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Genetics, Shanghai Children's Medical CenterShanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineShanghaiChina
| | - Xiumin Wang
- Department of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Genetics, Shanghai Children's Medical CenterShanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineShanghaiChina
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Duy PQ, Rakic P, Alper SL, Robert SM, Kundishora AJ, Butler WE, Walsh CA, Sestan N, Geschwind DH, Jin SC, Kahle KT. A neural stem cell paradigm of pediatric hydrocephalus. Cereb Cortex 2023; 33:4262-4279. [PMID: 36097331 PMCID: PMC10110448 DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhac341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2022] [Revised: 07/12/2022] [Accepted: 08/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Pediatric hydrocephalus, the leading reason for brain surgery in children, is characterized by enlargement of the cerebral ventricles classically attributed to cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) overaccumulation. Neurosurgical shunting to reduce CSF volume is the default treatment that intends to reinstate normal CSF homeostasis, yet neurodevelopmental disability often persists in hydrocephalic children despite optimal surgical management. Here, we discuss recent human genetic and animal model studies that are shifting the view of pediatric hydrocephalus from an impaired fluid plumbing model to a new paradigm of dysregulated neural stem cell (NSC) fate. NSCs are neuroprogenitor cells that comprise the germinal neuroepithelium lining the prenatal brain ventricles. We propose that heterogenous defects in the development of these cells converge to disrupt cerebrocortical morphogenesis, leading to abnormal brain-CSF biomechanical interactions that facilitate passive pooling of CSF and secondary ventricular distention. A significant subset of pediatric hydrocephalus may thus in fact be due to a developmental brain malformation leading to secondary enlargement of the ventricles rather than a primary defect of CSF circulation. If hydrocephalus is indeed a neuroradiographic presentation of an inborn brain defect, it suggests the need to focus on optimizing neurodevelopment, rather than CSF diversion, as the primary treatment strategy for these children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Phan Q Duy
- Department of Neuroscience, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
- Medical Scientist Training Program, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
- Department of Neurosurgery, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
| | - Pasko Rakic
- Department of Neuroscience, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
| | - Seth L Alper
- Division of Nephrology and Vascular Biology Research Center, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Stephanie M Robert
- Department of Neurosurgery, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
| | - Adam J Kundishora
- Department of Neurosurgery, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
| | - William E Butler
- Department of Neurosurgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Christopher A Walsh
- Division of Genetics and Genomics, Manton Center for Orphan Disease Research, Department of Pediatrics, and Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Departments of Pediatrics and Neurology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Nenad Sestan
- Department of Neuroscience, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
| | - Daniel H Geschwind
- Department of Human Genetics, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Sheng Chih Jin
- Department of Genetics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Kristopher T Kahle
- Department of Neurosurgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
- Harvard Center for Hydrocephalus and Neurodevelopmental Disorders, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA
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9
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Jacquemin V, Versbraegen N, Duerinckx S, Massart A, Soblet J, Perazzolo C, Deconinck N, Brischoux-Boucher E, De Leener A, Revencu N, Janssens S, Moorgat S, Blaumeiser B, Avela K, Touraine R, Abou Jaoude I, Keymolen K, Saugier-Veber P, Lenaerts T, Abramowicz M, Pirson I. Congenital hydrocephalus: new Mendelian mutations and evidence for oligogenic inheritance. Hum Genomics 2023; 17:16. [PMID: 36859317 PMCID: PMC9979489 DOI: 10.1186/s40246-023-00464-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2023] [Accepted: 02/22/2023] [Indexed: 03/03/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Congenital hydrocephalus is characterized by ventriculomegaly, defined as a dilatation of cerebral ventricles, and thought to be due to impaired cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) homeostasis. Primary congenital hydrocephalus is a subset of cases with prenatal onset and absence of another primary cause, e.g., brain hemorrhage. Published series report a Mendelian cause in only a minority of cases. In this study, we analyzed exome data of PCH patients in search of novel causal genes and addressed the possibility of an underlying oligogenic mode of inheritance for PCH. MATERIALS AND METHODS We sequenced the exome in 28 unrelated probands with PCH, 12 of whom from families with at least two affected siblings and 9 of whom consanguineous, thereby increasing the contribution of genetic causes. Patient exome data were first analyzed for rare (MAF < 0.005) transmitted or de novo variants. Population stratification of unrelated PCH patients and controls was determined by principle component analysis, and outliers identified using Mahalanobis distance 5% as cutoff. Patient and control exome data for genes biologically related to cilia (SYScilia database) were analyzed by mutation burden test. RESULTS In 18% of probands, we identify a causal (pathogenic or likely pathogenic) variant of a known hydrocephalus gene, including genes for postnatal, syndromic hydrocephalus, not previously reported in isolated PCH. In a further 11%, we identify mutations in novel candidate genes. Through mutation burden tests, we demonstrate a significant burden of genetic variants in genes coding for proteins of the primary cilium in PCH patients compared to controls. CONCLUSION Our study confirms the low contribution of Mendelian mutations in PCH and reports PCH as a phenotypic presentation of some known genes known for syndromic, postnatal hydrocephalus. Furthermore, this study identifies novel Mendelian candidate genes, and provides evidence for oligogenic inheritance implicating primary cilia in PCH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valerie Jacquemin
- Institut de Recherche Interdisciplinaire en Biologie Humaine et Moléculaire, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium.
| | - Nassim Versbraegen
- grid.4989.c0000 0001 2348 0746Interuniversity Institute of Bioinformatics in Brussels, Université Libre de Bruxelles-Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium ,grid.4989.c0000 0001 2348 0746Machine Learning Group, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Sarah Duerinckx
- grid.4989.c0000 0001 2348 0746Service de Neuropédiatrie, Hôpital Universitaire de Bruxelles and CUB Hôpital Erasme and Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Annick Massart
- grid.4989.c0000 0001 2348 0746Institut de Recherche Interdisciplinaire en Biologie Humaine et Moléculaire, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium ,grid.411414.50000 0004 0626 3418Department of Nephrology, University Hospital of Antwerp, Edegem, Belgium
| | - Julie Soblet
- grid.412157.40000 0000 8571 829XHuman Genetics Department, CUB Hôpital Erasme, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Camille Perazzolo
- grid.4989.c0000 0001 2348 0746Institut de Recherche Interdisciplinaire en Biologie Humaine et Moléculaire, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Nicolas Deconinck
- grid.412209.c0000 0004 0578 1002Hopital Universitaire des Enfants Reine Fabiola and Hopital Universitaire de Bruxelles and Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Elise Brischoux-Boucher
- grid.493090.70000 0004 4910 6615Centre de génétique humaine - CHU de Besançon, Université de Bourgogne-Franche-Comté, Besançon, France
| | - Anne De Leener
- grid.48769.340000 0004 0461 6320Centre de Génétique Humaine, Cliniques Universitaires Saint-Luc et Université Catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Nicole Revencu
- grid.48769.340000 0004 0461 6320Centre de Génétique Humaine, Cliniques Universitaires Saint-Luc et Université Catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Sandra Janssens
- grid.410566.00000 0004 0626 3303Center for Medical Genetics, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Stèphanie Moorgat
- grid.452439.d0000 0004 0578 0894Centre de Génétique Humaine, Institut de Pathologie et de Génétique, Gosselies, Belgium
| | - Bettina Blaumeiser
- grid.411414.50000 0004 0626 3418Center of Medical Genetics, Antwerp University and Antwerp University Hospital, Edegem, Belgium
| | - Kristiina Avela
- grid.15485.3d0000 0000 9950 5666Department of Clinical Genetics, Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Renaud Touraine
- grid.412954.f0000 0004 1765 1491Génétique Clinique Chromosomique et Moléculaire, CHU de Saint-Etienne, St-Priest-en-Jarez, France
| | - Imad Abou Jaoude
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Abou Jaoude Hospital, Jal El Dib, Lebanon
| | - Kathelijn Keymolen
- grid.411326.30000 0004 0626 3362Center for Medical Genetics, UZ Brussels, Jette, Belgium
| | - Pascale Saugier-Veber
- grid.10400.350000 0001 2108 3034Department of Genetics and Reference Center for Developmental Disorders, Université Rouen Normandie, Inserm U1245 and CHU Rouen, Rouen, France
| | - Tom Lenaerts
- grid.4989.c0000 0001 2348 0746Interuniversity Institute of Bioinformatics in Brussels, Université Libre de Bruxelles-Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium ,grid.4989.c0000 0001 2348 0746Machine Learning Group, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium ,grid.8767.e0000 0001 2290 8069Artificial Intelligence Lab, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Marc Abramowicz
- Institut de Recherche Interdisciplinaire en Biologie Humaine et Moléculaire, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium. .,Department of Genetic Medicine and Development, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland.
| | - Isabelle Pirson
- grid.4989.c0000 0001 2348 0746Institut de Recherche Interdisciplinaire en Biologie Humaine et Moléculaire, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
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Spinocerebellar Ataxia in a Hungarian Female Patient with a Novel Variant of Unknown Significance in the CCDC88C Gene. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24032617. [PMID: 36768938 PMCID: PMC9916980 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24032617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2022] [Revised: 01/03/2023] [Accepted: 01/20/2023] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Spinocerebellar ataxia (SCA) 40 is an extremely rare subtype of the phenotypically and genetically diverse autosomal dominant ataxias caused by mutations of the CCDC88C gene. Most reported cases of SCA40 are characterized by late-onset cerebellar ataxia and variable extrapyramidal features; however, there is a report of a patient with early-onset spastic paraparesis as well. Here, we describe a novel missense CCDC88C mutation (p.R203W) in the hook domain of the DAPLE protein encoded by the CCDC88C gene that was identified in a female patient who developed late-onset ataxia, dysmetria and intention tremor. To explore the molecular consequences of the newly identified and previously described CCDC88C mutations, we carried out in vitro functional tests. The CCDC88C alleles were expressed in HEK293 cells, and the impact of the mutant DAPLE protein variants on JNK pathway activation and apoptosis was assessed. Our results revealed only a small-scale activation of the JNK pathway by mutant DAPLE proteins; however, increased JNK1 phosphorylation could not be detected. Additionally, none of the examined mutations triggered proapoptotic effect. In conclusion, we identified a novel mutation of the CCDC88C gene from a patient with spinocerebellar ataxia. Our results are not in accord with previous observations and do not support the primary role of the CCDC88C mutations in induction of JNK pathway activation in ataxia. Therefore, we propose that CCDC88C mutations may exert their effects through different and possibly in much broader, yet unexplored, biological processes.
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11
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Blood-based gene expression as non-lethal tool for inferring salinity-habitat history of European eel (Anguilla anguilla). Sci Rep 2022; 12:22142. [PMID: 36550161 PMCID: PMC9780358 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-26302-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2022] [Accepted: 12/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The European eel is a facultative catadromous species, meaning that it can skip the freshwater phase or move between marine and freshwater habitats during its continental life stage. Otolith microchemistry, used to determine the habitat use of eel or its salinity history, requires the sacrifice of animals. In this context, blood-based gene expression may represent a non-lethal alternative. In this work, we tested the ability of blood transcriptional profiling to identify the different salinity-habitat histories of European eel. Eels collected from different locations in Norway were classified through otolith microchemistry as freshwater residents (FWR), seawater residents (SWR) or inter-habitat shifters (IHS). We detected 3451 differentially expressed genes from blood by comparing FWR and SWR groups, and then used that subset of genes in a machine learning approach (i.e., random forest) to the extended FWR, SWR, and IHS group. Random forest correctly classified 100% of FWR and SWR and 83% of the IHS using a minimum of 30 genes. The implementation of this non-lethal approach may replace otolith-based microchemistry analysis for the general assessment of life-history tactics in European eels. Overall, this approach is promising for the replacement or reduction of other lethal analyses in determining certain fish traits.
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12
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Otamendi-Lopez A, Marenco-Hillembrand LC, De Biase G, Snyman C, Quiñones-Hinojosa A. Disease characteristics and patterns of familial colloid cyst of the third ventricle: An international survey of the Colloid Cyst Survivors Group. J Clin Neurosci 2022; 106:49-54. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jocn.2022.09.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2022] [Revised: 09/18/2022] [Accepted: 09/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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13
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Rethinking the cilia hypothesis of hydrocephalus. Neurobiol Dis 2022; 175:105913. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2022.105913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2022] [Revised: 10/24/2022] [Accepted: 10/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
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White H, Webb R, McKnight I, Legg K, Lee C, Lee PH, Spicer OS, Shim JW. TRPV4 mRNA is elevated in the caudate nucleus with NPH but not in Alzheimer's disease. Front Genet 2022; 13:936151. [PMID: 36406122 PMCID: PMC9670164 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2022.936151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2022] [Accepted: 10/17/2022] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Symptoms of normal pressure hydrocephalus (NPH) and Alzheimer's disease (AD) are somewhat similar, and it is common to misdiagnose these two conditions. Although there are fluid markers detectable in humans with NPH and AD, determining which biomarker is optimal in representing genetic characteristics consistent throughout species is poorly understood. Here, we hypothesize that NPH can be differentiated from AD with mRNA biomarkers of unvaried proximity to telomeres. We examined human caudate nucleus tissue samples for the expression of transient receptor potential cation channel subfamily V member 4 (TRPV4) and amyloid precursor protein (APP). Using the genome data viewer, we analyzed the mutability of TRPV4 and other genes in mice, rats, and humans through matching nucleotides of six genes of interest and one house keeping gene with two factors associated with high mutation rate: 1) proximity to telomeres or 2) high adenine and thymine (A + T) content. We found that TRPV4 and microtubule associated protein tau (MAPT) mRNA were elevated in NPH. In AD, mRNA expression of TRPV4 was unaltered unlike APP and other genes. In mice, rats, and humans, the nucleotide size of TRPV4 did not vary, while in other genes, the sizes were inconsistent. Proximity to telomeres in TRPV4 was <50 Mb across species. Our analyses reveal that TRPV4 gene size and mutability are conserved across three species, suggesting that TRPV4 can be a potential link in the pathophysiology of chronic hydrocephalus in aged humans (>65 years) and laboratory rodents at comparable ages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hunter White
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Marshall University, Huntington, WV, United States
| | - Ryan Webb
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Marshall University, Huntington, WV, United States
| | - Ian McKnight
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Marshall University, Huntington, WV, United States
| | - Kaitlyn Legg
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Marshall University, Huntington, WV, United States
| | - Chan Lee
- Department of Anesthesia, Indiana University Health Arnett Hospital, Lafayette, IN, United States
| | - Peter H.U. Lee
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Southcoast Health, Fall River, MA, United States,Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Brown University, Providence, RI, United States
| | - Olivia Smith Spicer
- National Institute of Mental Health, National Institute of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Joon W. Shim
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Marshall University, Huntington, WV, United States,*Correspondence: Joon W. Shim,
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Argani P, Tickoo SK, Matoso A, Pratilas CA, Mehra R, Tretiakova M, Sibony M, Meeker AK, Lin MT, Reuter VE, Epstein JI, Gagan J, Palsgrove DN. Adult Wilms Tumor: Genetic Evidence of Origin of a Subset of Cases From Metanephric Adenoma. Am J Surg Pathol 2022; 46:988-999. [PMID: 35184066 PMCID: PMC9310085 DOI: 10.1097/pas.0000000000001864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The genetics of nephroblastoma (Wilms tumor) occurring in adults is largely unknown, as studies have largely been limited to isolated case reports. We, therefore, studied 14 adult Wilms tumors for genetic alterations, using expanded targeted sequencing on 11 cases. The patients ranged from 17 to 46 years of age (mean and median, 31 y), and there were 8 males and 6 females. Five Wilms tumors harbored BRAF V600E mutations. All of these had better-differentiated areas identical to metanephric adenoma, as has previously been described. In 3 such cases, microdissection studies revealed that the BRAF V600E mutation was present in both the metanephric adenoma and Wilms tumor areas; however, additional genetic alterations (including TERT promoter mutations in 2 cases, ASLX1/ATR mutations in 1 other case) were limited to the Wilms tumor component. These findings suggest that the Wilms tumor developed from the metanephric adenoma. Other adult Wilms tumors harbored genetic alterations previously reported in the more common pediatric Wilms tumors, including WT1 mutations (2 cases), ASLX1 mutations (3 additional cases), NSD2 mutation (1 additional case), and 11p loss (3 cases). In summary, a significant subset of adult Wilms tumors (specifically those of epithelial type with differentiated areas) harbor targetable BRAF V600E mutations and appear to arise from metanephric adenomas as a consequence of additional acquired genetic alterations. Other adult Wilms tumors often harbor genetic alterations found in their more common pediatric counterparts, suggesting at least some similarities in their pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Satish K. Tickoo
- Department of Pathology, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY
| | - Andres Matoso
- Departments of Pathology
- Departments of Urology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
| | | | - Rohit Mehra
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan School of Medicine, Ann Arbor, MI
| | - Maria Tretiakova
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA
| | | | - Alan K. Meeker
- Departments of Pathology
- Departments of Oncology
- Departments of Urology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
| | | | - Victor E. Reuter
- Department of Pathology, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY
| | - Jonathan I. Epstein
- Departments of Pathology
- Departments of Oncology
- Departments of Urology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
| | - Jeffrey Gagan
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX
| | - Doreen N. Palsgrove
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX
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16
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Xu H, Miyajima M, Nakajima M, Ogino I, Kawamura K, Akiba C, Kamohara C, Sakamoto K, Karagiozov K, Nakamura E, Tada N, Arai H, Kondo A. Ptpn20 deletion in H-Tx rats enhances phosphorylation of the NKCC1 cotransporter in the choroid plexus: an evidence of genetic risk for hydrocephalus in an experimental study. Fluids Barriers CNS 2022; 19:39. [PMID: 35658898 PMCID: PMC9164390 DOI: 10.1186/s12987-022-00341-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2022] [Accepted: 05/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Congenital hydrocephalus occurs with some inheritable characteristics, but the mechanisms of its development remain poorly understood. Animal models provide the opportunity to identify potential genetic causes in this condition. The Hydrocephalus-Texas (H-Tx) rat strain is one of the most studied animal models for investigating the causative genetic alterations and analyzing downstream pathogenetic mechanisms of congenital hydrocephalus. METHODS Comparative genomic hybridization (CGH) array on non-hydrocephalic and hydrocephalic H-Tx rats was used to identify causative genes of hydrocephalus. Targeted gene knockout mice were generated by CRISPR/Cas9 to study the role of this gene in hydrocephalus. RESULTS CGH array revealed a copy number loss in chromosome 16p16 region in hydrocephalic H-Tx rats at 18 days gestation, encompassing the protein tyrosine phosphatase non-receptor type 20 (Ptpn20), a non-receptor tyrosine phosphatase, without change in most non-hydrocephalic H-Tx rats. Ptpn20-knockout (Ptpn20-/-) mice were generated and found to develop ventriculomegaly at 8 weeks. Furthermore, high expression of phosphorylated Na-K-Cl cotransporter 1 (pNKCC1) was identified in the choroid plexus (CP) epithelium of mice lacking Ptpn20 from 8 weeks until 72 weeks. CONCLUSIONS This study determined the chromosomal location of the hydrocephalus-associated Ptpn20 gene in hydrocephalic H-Tx rats. The high level of pNKCC1 mediated by Ptpn20 deletion in CP epithelium may cause overproduction of cerebrospinal fluid and contribute to the formation of hydrocephalus in Ptpn20-/- mice. Ptpn20 may be a potential therapeutic target in the treatment of hydrocephalus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanbing Xu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Hongo Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8421, Japan
| | - Masakazu Miyajima
- Department of Neurosurgery, Juntendo Tokyo Koto Geriatric Medical Center, 3-3-20 Shinsuna, Koto-ku, Tokyo, 136-0075, Japan.
| | - Madoka Nakajima
- Department of Neurosurgery, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Hongo Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8421, Japan
| | - Ikuko Ogino
- Department of Neurosurgery, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Hongo Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8421, Japan
| | - Kaito Kawamura
- Department of Neurosurgery, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Hongo Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8421, Japan
| | - Chihiro Akiba
- Department of Neurosurgery, Juntendo Tokyo Koto Geriatric Medical Center, 3-3-20 Shinsuna, Koto-ku, Tokyo, 136-0075, Japan
| | - Chihiro Kamohara
- Department of Neurosurgery, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Hongo Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8421, Japan
| | - Koichiro Sakamoto
- Department of Neurosurgery, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Hongo Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8421, Japan
| | - Kostadin Karagiozov
- Department of Neurosurgery, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Hongo Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8421, Japan
| | - Eri Nakamura
- Department of Genetic Analysis Model Laboratory, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Hongo Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8421, Japan
| | - Nobuhiro Tada
- Department of Genetic Analysis Model Laboratory, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Hongo Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8421, Japan
| | - Hajime Arai
- Department of Neurosurgery, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Hongo Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8421, Japan
| | - Akihide Kondo
- Department of Neurosurgery, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Hongo Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8421, Japan
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Allington G, Duy PQ, Ryou J, Singh A, Kiziltug E, Robert SM, Kundishora AJ, King S, Haider S, Kahle KT, Jin SC. Genomic approaches to improve the clinical diagnosis and management of patients with congenital hydrocephalus. J Neurosurg Pediatr 2022; 29:168-177. [PMID: 34715668 DOI: 10.3171/2021.8.peds21368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2021] [Accepted: 08/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Congenital hydrocephalus (CH), characterized by incomplete clearance of CSF and subsequent enlargement of brain ventricles, is the most common congenital brain disorder. The lack of curative strategies for CH reflects a poor understanding of the underlying pathogenesis. Herein, the authors present an overview of recent findings in the pathogenesis of CH from human genetic studies and discuss the implications of these findings for treatment of CH. Findings from these omics data have the potential to reclassify CH according to a molecular nomenclature that may increase precision for genetic counseling, outcome prognostication, and treatment stratification. Beyond the immediate patient benefits, genomic data may also inform future clinical trials and catalyze the development of nonsurgical, molecularly targeted therapies. Therefore, the authors advocate for further application of genomic sequencing in clinical practice by the neurosurgical community as a diagnostic adjunct in the evaluation and management of patients diagnosed with CH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Garrett Allington
- 1Department of Pathology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Phan Q Duy
- 3Department of Neurosurgery, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Jian Ryou
- 2Department of Genetics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Amrita Singh
- 3Department of Neurosurgery, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Emre Kiziltug
- 3Department of Neurosurgery, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Stephanie M Robert
- 3Department of Neurosurgery, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Adam J Kundishora
- 3Department of Neurosurgery, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Spencer King
- 2Department of Genetics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Shozeb Haider
- 4School of Pharmacy, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Kristopher T Kahle
- 3Department of Neurosurgery, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
- 5Department of Pediatrics, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
- 6Department of Cellular & Molecular Physiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
- 7Department of Neurosurgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
- 9Division of Genetics and Genomics, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts; and
- 10Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Sheng Chih Jin
- 2Department of Genetics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri
- 8Department of Pediatrics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri
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18
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Biallelic truncation variants in ATP9A are associated with a novel autosomal recessive neurodevelopmental disorder. NPJ Genom Med 2021; 6:94. [PMID: 34764295 PMCID: PMC8586153 DOI: 10.1038/s41525-021-00255-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2021] [Accepted: 10/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Intellectual disability (ID) is a highly heterogeneous disorder with hundreds of associated genes. Despite progress in the identification of the genetic causes of ID following the introduction of high-throughput sequencing, about half of affected individuals still remain without a molecular diagnosis. Consanguineous families with affected individuals provide a unique opportunity to identify novel recessive causative genes. In this report, we describe a novel autosomal recessive neurodevelopmental disorder. We identified two consanguineous families with homozygous variants predicted to alter the splicing of ATP9A which encodes a transmembrane lipid flippase of the class II P4-ATPases. The three individuals homozygous for these putatively truncating variants presented with severe ID, motor and speech impairment, and behavioral anomalies. Consistent with a causative role of ATP9A in these patients, a previously described Atp9a−/− mouse model showed behavioral changes.
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Kundishora AJ, Singh AK, Allington G, Duy PQ, Ryou J, Alper SL, Jin SC, Kahle KT. Genomics of human congenital hydrocephalus. Childs Nerv Syst 2021; 37:3325-3340. [PMID: 34232380 DOI: 10.1007/s00381-021-05230-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2021] [Accepted: 05/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Congenital hydrocephalus (CH), characterized by enlarged brain ventricles, is considered a disease of pathological cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) accumulation and, therefore, treated largely by neurosurgical CSF diversion. The persistence of ventriculomegaly and poor neurodevelopmental outcomes in some post-surgical patients highlights our limited knowledge of disease mechanisms. Recent whole-exome sequencing (WES) studies have shown that rare, damaging de novo and inherited mutations with large effect contribute to ~ 25% of sporadic CH. Interestingly, multiple CH genes are key regulators of neural stem cell growth and differentiation and converge in human transcriptional networks and cell types pertinent to fetal neurogliogenesis. These data implicate genetic disruption of early brain development as the primary pathomechanism in a substantial minority of patients with sporadic CH, shedding new light on human brain development and the pathogenesis of hydrocephalus. These data further suggest WES as a clinical tool with potential to re-classify CH according to a molecular nomenclature of increased precision and utility for genetic counseling, outcome prognostication, and treatment stratification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam J Kundishora
- Department of Neurosurgery, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Amrita K Singh
- Department of Neurosurgery, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Garrett Allington
- Department of Pathology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Phan Q Duy
- Department of Neurosurgery, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Jian Ryou
- Department of Genetics, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, USA
| | - Seth L Alper
- Division of Nephrology and Center for Vascular Biology Research, Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Sheng Chih Jin
- Department of Genetics, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, USA
| | - Kristopher T Kahle
- Department of Neurosurgery, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA.
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20
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Daple deficiency causes hearing loss in adult mice by inducing defects in cochlear stereocilia and apical microtubules. Sci Rep 2021; 11:20224. [PMID: 34642354 PMCID: PMC8511111 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-96232-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2021] [Accepted: 07/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The V-shaped arrangement of hair bundles on cochlear hair cells is critical for auditory sensing. However, regulation of hair bundle arrangements has not been fully understood. Recently, defects in hair bundle arrangement were reported in postnatal Dishevelled-associating protein (ccdc88c, alias Daple)-deficient mice. In the present study, we found that adult Daple−/− mice exhibited hearing disturbances over a broad frequency range through auditory brainstem response testing. Consistently, distorted patterns of hair bundles were detected in almost all regions, more typically in the basal region of the cochlear duct. In adult Daple−/− mice, apical microtubules were irregularly aggregated, and the number of microtubules attached to plasma membranes was decreased. Similar phenotypes were manifested upon nocodazole treatment in a wild type cochlea culture without affecting the microtubule structure of the kinocilium. These results indicate critical role of Daple in hair bundle arrangement through the orchestration of apical microtubule distribution, and thereby in hearing, especially at high frequencies.
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21
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Jarysta A, Tarchini B. Multiple PDZ domain protein maintains patterning of the apical cytoskeleton in sensory hair cells. Development 2021; 148:270996. [PMID: 34228789 DOI: 10.1242/dev.199549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2021] [Accepted: 06/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Sound transduction occurs in the hair bundle, the apical compartment of sensory hair cells in the inner ear. The hair bundle is formed of actin-based stereocilia aligned in rows of graded heights. It was previously shown that the GNAI-GPSM2 complex is part of a developmental blueprint that defines the polarized organization of the apical cytoskeleton in hair cells, including stereocilia distribution and elongation. Here, we report a role for multiple PDZ domain (MPDZ) protein during apical hair cell morphogenesis in mouse. We show that MPDZ is enriched at the hair cell apical membrane along with MAGUK p55 subfamily member 5 (MPP5/PALS1) and the Crumbs protein CRB3. MPDZ is required there to maintain the proper segregation of apical blueprint proteins, including GNAI-GPSM2. Loss of the blueprint coincides with misaligned stereocilia placement in Mpdz mutant hair cells, and results in permanently misshapen hair bundles. Graded molecular and structural defects along the cochlea can explain the profile of hearing loss in Mpdz mutants, where deficits are most severe at high frequencies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Basile Tarchini
- The Jackson Laboratory, Bar Harbor, ME 04609, USA.,Department of Medicine, Tufts University, Boston, MA 02111, USA.,Graduate School of Biomedical Science and Engineering (GSBSE), University of Maine, Orono, ME 04469, USA
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22
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Wang C, Wang X, Tan C, Wang Y, Tang Z, Zhang Z, Liu J, Xiao G. Novel therapeutics for hydrocephalus: Insights from animal models. CNS Neurosci Ther 2021; 27:1012-1022. [PMID: 34151523 PMCID: PMC8339528 DOI: 10.1111/cns.13695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2021] [Revised: 05/09/2021] [Accepted: 06/02/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Hydrocephalus is a cerebrospinal fluid physiological disorder that causes ventricular dilation with normal or high intracranial pressure. The current regular treatment for hydrocephalus is cerebrospinal fluid shunting, which is frequently related to failure and complications. Meanwhile, considering that the current nonsurgical treatments of hydrocephalus can only relieve the symptoms but cannot eliminate this complication caused by primary brain injuries, the exploration of more effective therapies has become the focus for many researchers. In this article, the current research status and progress of nonsurgical treatment in animal models of hydrocephalus are reviewed to provide new orientations for animal research and clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuansen Wang
- Department of NeurosurgeryXiangya HospitalCentral South UniversityChangshaHunanChina
- Diagnosis and Treatment Center for HydrocephalusXiangya HospitalCentral South UniversityChangshaHunanChina
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric DisordersXiangya HospitalCentral South UniversityChangshaHunanChina
| | - Xiaoqiang Wang
- Department of Pediatric NeurosurgeryXinhua HospitalShanghai Jiaotong University School of MedicineShanghaiChina
| | - Changwu Tan
- Department of NeurosurgeryXiangya HospitalCentral South UniversityChangshaHunanChina
- Diagnosis and Treatment Center for HydrocephalusXiangya HospitalCentral South UniversityChangshaHunanChina
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric DisordersXiangya HospitalCentral South UniversityChangshaHunanChina
| | - Yuchang Wang
- Department of NeurosurgeryXiangya HospitalCentral South UniversityChangshaHunanChina
- Diagnosis and Treatment Center for HydrocephalusXiangya HospitalCentral South UniversityChangshaHunanChina
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric DisordersXiangya HospitalCentral South UniversityChangshaHunanChina
| | - Zhi Tang
- Department of NeurosurgeryHunan Cancer Hospital and the Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of MedicineCentral South UniversityChangshaHunanChina
| | - Zhiping Zhang
- Department of NeurosurgeryXiangya HospitalCentral South UniversityChangshaHunanChina
- Diagnosis and Treatment Center for HydrocephalusXiangya HospitalCentral South UniversityChangshaHunanChina
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric DisordersXiangya HospitalCentral South UniversityChangshaHunanChina
| | - Jingping Liu
- Department of NeurosurgeryXiangya HospitalCentral South UniversityChangshaHunanChina
- Diagnosis and Treatment Center for HydrocephalusXiangya HospitalCentral South UniversityChangshaHunanChina
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric DisordersXiangya HospitalCentral South UniversityChangshaHunanChina
| | - Gelei Xiao
- Department of NeurosurgeryXiangya HospitalCentral South UniversityChangshaHunanChina
- Diagnosis and Treatment Center for HydrocephalusXiangya HospitalCentral South UniversityChangshaHunanChina
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric DisordersXiangya HospitalCentral South UniversityChangshaHunanChina
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23
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Marguet F, Vezain M, Marcorelles P, Audebert-Bellanger S, Cassinari K, Drouot N, Chambon P, Gonzalez BJ, Horowitz A, Laquerriere A, Saugier-Veber P. Neuropathological hallmarks of fetal hydrocephalus linked to CCDC88C pathogenic variants. Acta Neuropathol Commun 2021; 9:104. [PMID: 34092257 PMCID: PMC8183048 DOI: 10.1186/s40478-021-01207-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2021] [Accepted: 05/29/2021] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The prevalence of congenital hydrocephalus has been estimated at 1.1 per 1000 infants when including cases diagnosed before 1 year of age after exclusion of neural tube defects. Classification criteria are based either on CSF dynamics, pathophysiological mechanisms or associated lesions. Whereas inherited syndromic hydrocephalus has been associated with more than 100 disease-causing genes, only four genes are currently known to be linked to congenital hydrocephalus either isolated or as a major clinical feature: L1CAM, AP1S2, MPDZ and CCDC88C. In the past 10 years, pathogenic variants in CCDC88C have been documented but the neuropathology remains virtually unknown. We report the neuropathology of two foetuses from one family harbouring two novel compound heterozygous pathogenic variants in the CCDC88C gene: a maternally inherited indel in exon 22, c.3807_3809delinsACCT;p.(Gly1270Profs*53) and a paternally inherited deletion of exon 23, c.3967-?_c.4112-?;p.(Leu1323Argfs*10). Medical termination of pregnancy was performed at 18 and 23 weeks of gestation for severe bilateral ventriculomegaly. In both fetuses, brain lesions consisted of multifocal atresia-forking along the aqueduct of Sylvius and the central canal of the medulla, periventricular neuronal heterotopias and choroid plexus hydrops. The second fetus also presented lumbar myelomeningocele, left diaphragmatic hernia and bilateral renal agenesis. CCDC88C encodes the protein DAPLE which contributes to ependymal cell planar polarity by inhibiting the non-canonical Wnt signaling pathway and interacts with MPDZ and PARD3. Interestingly, heterozygous variants in PARD3 result in neural tube defects by defective tight junction formation and polarization process of the neuroepithelium. Besides, during organ formation Wnt signalling is a prerequisite for planar cell polarity pathway activation, and mutations in planar cell polarity genes lead to heart, lung and kidney malformations. Hence, candidate variants in CCDC88C should be carefully considered whether brain lesions are isolated or associated with malformations suspected to result from disorders of planar cell polarity.
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24
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Mei HF, Dong XR, Chen HY, Lu YL, Wu BB, Wang HJ, Cheng GQ, Wang LS, Cao Y, Yang L, Zhou WH. Genetic etiologies associated with infantile hydrocephalus in a Chinese infantile cohort. World J Pediatr 2021; 17:305-316. [PMID: 33914258 DOI: 10.1007/s12519-021-00429-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2020] [Accepted: 03/31/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Infantile hydrocephalus (IHC) is commonly related to other central nervous system diseases, which may have adverse effects on prognosis. The causes of IHC are heterogeneous, and the genetic etiologies are not fully understood. This study aimed to analyze the genetic etiologies of an IHC cohort. METHODS The data for 110 IHC patients who had received exome sequencing at the Clinical Genetic Center of the Children's Hospital of Fudan University between 2016 and 2019 were reviewed and analyzed retrospectively. An exome-wide association analysis (EWAS) was performed within this cohort using IHC as the study phenotype. RESULTS Of the 110 IHC patients, a pathogenic or likely pathogenic variant was identified in 16 (15%) patients, spanning 13 genes. The genes were mainly associated with metabolic disorders, brain abnormalities, and genetic syndromes. IHC patients who had unclear clinical etiology were more likely to possess a genetic etiology. Based on previous studies and on our EWAS results, ZEB1, SBF2, and GNAI2 were over-represented among IHC patients and might affect the signaling pathways involved in IHC formation. CONCLUSIONS Our study showed heterogeneous genetic etiologies in an IHC cohort. It is essential to perform genetic testing on IHC patients who have unclear clinical etiology, and genes associated with metabolic disorders, brain abnormalities, and genetic syndromes should be noted. In addition, when aiming to discover IHC susceptibility genes, genes that might influence the signaling pathways involved in IHC formation should be prioritized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong-Fang Mei
- Department of Neonatology, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, National Children's Medical Center, Shanghai, China
| | - Xin-Ran Dong
- Key Laboratory of Birth Defects, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, National Children's Medical Center, Shanghai, China
| | - Hui-Yao Chen
- Center for Molecular Medicine of Children's Hospital of Fudan University, Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yu-Lan Lu
- Key Laboratory of Birth Defects, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, National Children's Medical Center, Shanghai, China
| | - Bing-Bing Wu
- Key Laboratory of Birth Defects, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, National Children's Medical Center, Shanghai, China
| | - Hui-Jun Wang
- Key Laboratory of Birth Defects, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, National Children's Medical Center, Shanghai, China
| | - Guo-Qiang Cheng
- Department of Neonatology, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, National Children's Medical Center, Shanghai, China
| | - Lai-Shuan Wang
- Department of Neonatology, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, National Children's Medical Center, Shanghai, China
| | - Yun Cao
- Department of Neonatology, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, National Children's Medical Center, Shanghai, China
| | - Lin Yang
- Clinical Genetic Center, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, National Children's Medical Center, 399 Wan Yuan Road, Shanghai, 201102, China.
| | - Wen-Hao Zhou
- Department of Neonatology, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, National Children's Medical Center, Shanghai, China.,Key Laboratory of Birth Defects, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, National Children's Medical Center, Shanghai, China.,Clinical Genetic Center, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, National Children's Medical Center, 399 Wan Yuan Road, Shanghai, 201102, China
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25
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Yahia A, Chen ZS, Ahmed AE, Emad S, Adil R, Abubaker R, Taha SOMA, Salih MA, Elsayed L, Chan HYE, Stevanin G. A heterozygous mutation in the CCDC88C gene likely causes early-onset pure hereditary spastic paraplegia: a case report. BMC Neurol 2021; 21:78. [PMID: 33602173 PMCID: PMC7890981 DOI: 10.1186/s12883-021-02113-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2020] [Accepted: 02/12/2021] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND CCDC88C is a ubiquitously expressed protein with multiple functions, including roles in cell polarity and the development of dendrites in the nervous system. Bi-allelic mutations in the CCDC88C gene cause autosomal recessive congenital hydrocephalus (OMIM #236600). Studies recently linked heterozygous mutations in CCDC88C to the development of the late-onset spinocerebellar ataxia type 40 (OMIM #616053). CASE PRESENTATION A 48-year-old Sudanese female presented with pure early onset hereditary spastic paraplegia. Exome sequencing, in-silico analysis, and Sanger sequencing identified the heterozygous NM_001080414.4:c.1993G > A (p.E665K) variant in CCDC88C as a potential cause of her illness. To explore the pathogenicity of the NM_001080414.4:c.1993G > A (p.E665K) variant, we expressed it in human embryonic kidney 293 cells and assessed its effects on apoptosis. In our experiment, NM_001080414.4:c.1993G > A (p.E665K) induced JNK hyper-phosphorylation and enhanced apoptosis. In contrast to previous reports, our patient developed neurological symptoms in early childhood and showed neither features of cerebellar ataxia, extrapyramidal signs, nor evidence of intellectual involvement. CONCLUSION We, herein, heighlighted the possibility of extending the phenotype associated with variants in CCDC88C to include early-onset pure hereditary spastic paraplegia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashraf Yahia
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Khartoum, Alqsr Street, Khartoum, Sudan
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, National University, Khartoum, Sudan
- Institut du Cerveau, INSERM U1127, CNRS UMR7225, Sorbonne Université, Paris, France
| | - Zhefan Stephen Chen
- School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Science, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, N.T., Hong Kong, SAR, China
| | - Ammar E Ahmed
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Khartoum, Khartoum, Sudan
| | - Sara Emad
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Khartoum, Khartoum, Sudan
| | - Rawaa Adil
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Khartoum, Khartoum, Sudan
| | - Rayan Abubaker
- Institute of Endemic Diseases, University of Khartoum, Khartoum, Sudan
| | | | - Mustafa A Salih
- Division of Pediatric Neurology, Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Liena Elsayed
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Khartoum, Alqsr Street, Khartoum, Sudan.
| | - Ho Yin Edwin Chan
- School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Science, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, N.T., Hong Kong, SAR, China
- Gerald Choa Neuroscience Centre, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, N.T., Hong Kong, SAR, China
| | - Giovanni Stevanin
- Institut du Cerveau, INSERM U1127, CNRS UMR7225, Sorbonne Université, Paris, France
- Ecole Pratique des Hautes Etudes, EPHE, PSL Research University, Paris, France
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26
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Sun H, Chen W, Wang J, Zhang L, Rossiter SJ, Mao X. Echolocation call frequency variation in horseshoe bats: molecular basis revealed by comparative transcriptomics. Proc Biol Sci 2020; 287:20200875. [PMID: 32900318 DOI: 10.1098/rspb.2020.0875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Recently diverged taxa with contrasting phenotypes offer opportunities for unravelling the genetic basis of phenotypic variation in nature. Horseshoe bats are a speciose group that exhibit a derived form of high-duty cycle echolocation in which the inner ear is finely tuned to echoes of the narrowband call frequency. Here, by focusing on three recently diverged subspecies of the intermediate horseshoe bat (Rhinolophus affinis) that display divergent echolocation call frequencies, we aim to identify candidate loci putatively involved in hearing frequency variation. We used de novo transcriptome sequencing of two mainland taxa (himalayanus and macrurus) and one island taxon (hainanus) to compare expression profiles of thousands of genes. By comparing taxa with divergent call frequencies (around 15 kHz difference), we identified 252 differentially expressed genes, of which six have been shown to be involved in hearing or deafness in human/mouse. To obtain further validation of these results, we applied quantitative reverse transcription-PCR to the candidate gene FBXL15 and found a broad association between the level of expression and call frequency across taxa. The genes identified here represent strong candidate loci associated with hearing frequency variation in bats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haijian Sun
- School of Ecological and Environmental Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200062, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenli Chen
- School of Ecological and Environmental Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200062, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiaying Wang
- Institute of Estuarine and Coastal Research, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200062, People's Republic of China
| | - Libiao Zhang
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Animal Conservation and Resource Utilization, Guangdong Public Laboratory of Wild Animal Conservation and Utilization, Guangdong Institute of Applied Biological Resources, Guangzhou 510260, People's Republic of China
| | - Stephen J Rossiter
- School of Biological and Chemical Sciences, Queen Mary University of London, London E1 4NS, UK
| | - Xiuguang Mao
- School of Ecological and Environmental Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200062, People's Republic of China.,Institute of Eco-Chongming (IEC), East China Normal University, Shanghai 200062, People's Republic of China
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27
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Lannon M, Mackenzie J, Reddy K. Genetics of Colloid Cyst in Monozygotic Twins: Case Report and Review of Literature. World Neurosurg 2020; 144:88-91. [PMID: 32889197 DOI: 10.1016/j.wneu.2020.08.176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2020] [Accepted: 08/25/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Colloid cysts are rare developmental lesions, accounting for approximately 1% of intracranial tumors. Often, these benign lesions are asymptomatic, but they are associated with significant mortality as a result of acute hydrocephalus. This mortality in patients with vague or no symptoms dictates a need for better understanding of the etiology of colloid cysts to expedite diagnosis and management. We present a case of monozygotic twins with colloid cysts to propose a genetic etiology for colloid cyst. CASE DESCRIPTION Previously healthy male monozygotic twins presented 4 years apart with headache secondary to hydrocephalus as a result of colloid cysts. Both patients underwent multiple surgeries and were doing well at last follow-up. CONCLUSIONS The present case adds to a body of literature of familial colloid cysts, suggesting higher concordance in monozygotic compared with dizygotic twins. This may be due to high genetic load, shared intrauterine environment, epigenetic changes, or genetic mutation. This literature review suggests that given high morbidity and mortality of colloid cysts, screening may be beneficial. Even in the absence of a single, definitive genetic etiology, we recommend consideration of genetic screening or, at a minimum, screening with neuroimaging for monozygotic twins in cases where 1 twin is diagnosed with colloid cyst.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melissa Lannon
- Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Surgery, Hamilton Health Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada.
| | - Jennifer Mackenzie
- Division of Genetics, Department of Pediatrics, Hamilton Health Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Kesava Reddy
- Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Surgery, Hamilton Health Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
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28
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Cebul ER, McLachlan IG, Heiman MG. Dendrites with specialized glial attachments develop by retrograde extension using SAX-7 and GRDN-1. Development 2020; 147:dev.180448. [PMID: 31988188 DOI: 10.1242/dev.180448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2019] [Accepted: 01/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Dendrites develop elaborate morphologies in concert with surrounding glia, but the molecules that coordinate dendrite and glial morphogenesis are mostly unknown. C. elegans offers a powerful model for identifying such factors. Previous work in this system examined dendrites and glia that develop within epithelia, similar to mammalian sense organs. Here, we focus on the neurons BAG and URX, which are not part of an epithelium but instead form membranous attachments to a single glial cell at the nose, reminiscent of dendrite-glia contacts in the mammalian brain. We show that these dendrites develop by retrograde extension, in which the nascent dendrite endings anchor to the presumptive nose and then extend by stretching during embryo elongation. Using forward genetic screens, we find that dendrite development requires the adhesion protein SAX-7/L1CAM and the cytoplasmic protein GRDN-1/CCDC88C to anchor dendrite endings at the nose. SAX-7 acts in neurons and glia, while GRDN-1 acts in glia to non-autonomously promote dendrite extension. Thus, this work shows how glial factors can help to shape dendrites, and identifies a novel molecular mechanism for dendrite growth by retrograde extension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth R Cebul
- Department of Genetics, Blavatnik Institute, Harvard Medical School and Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Ian G McLachlan
- Department of Genetics, Blavatnik Institute, Harvard Medical School and Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Maxwell G Heiman
- Department of Genetics, Blavatnik Institute, Harvard Medical School and Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
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29
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Kapoor PM, Lindström S, Behrens S, Wang X, Michailidou K, Bolla MK, Wang Q, Dennis J, Dunning AM, Pharoah PDP, Schmidt MK, Kraft P, García-Closas M, Easton DF, Milne RL, Chang-Claude J. Assessment of interactions between 205 breast cancer susceptibility loci and 13 established risk factors in relation to breast cancer risk, in the Breast Cancer Association Consortium. Int J Epidemiol 2020; 49:216-232. [PMID: 31605532 PMCID: PMC7426027 DOI: 10.1093/ije/dyz193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/02/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Previous gene-environment interaction studies of breast cancer risk have provided sparse evidence of interactions. Using the largest available dataset to date, we performed a comprehensive assessment of potential effect modification of 205 common susceptibility variants by 13 established breast cancer risk factors, including replication of previously reported interactions. METHODS Analyses were performed using 28 176 cases and 32 209 controls genotyped with iCOGS array and 44 109 cases and 48 145 controls genotyped using OncoArray from the Breast Cancer Association Consortium (BCAC). Gene-environment interactions were assessed using unconditional logistic regression and likelihood ratio tests for breast cancer risk overall and by estrogen-receptor (ER) status. Bayesian false discovery probability was used to assess the noteworthiness of the meta-analysed array-specific interactions. RESULTS Noteworthy evidence of interaction at ≤1% prior probability was observed for three single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP)-risk factor pairs. SNP rs4442975 was associated with a greater reduction of risk of ER-positive breast cancer [odds ratio (OR)int = 0.85 (0.78-0.93), Pint = 2.8 x 10-4] and overall breast cancer [ORint = 0.85 (0.78-0.92), Pint = 7.4 x 10-5) in current users of estrogen-progesterone therapy compared with non-users. This finding was supported by replication using OncoArray data of the previously reported interaction between rs13387042 (r2 = 0.93 with rs4442975) and current estrogen-progesterone therapy for overall disease (Pint = 0.004). The two other interactions suggested stronger associations between SNP rs6596100 and ER-negative breast cancer with increasing parity and younger age at first birth. CONCLUSIONS Overall, our study does not suggest strong effect modification of common breast cancer susceptibility variants by established risk factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pooja Middha Kapoor
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Sara Lindström
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Washington School of Public Health, Seattle, WA, USA
- Public Health Sciences Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Sabine Behrens
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Xiaoliang Wang
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Washington School of Public Health, Seattle, WA, USA
- Public Health Sciences Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Kyriaki Michailidou
- Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Department of Electron Microscopy/Molecular Pathology and Cyprus School of Molecular Medicine, Cyprus Institute of Neurology & Genetics, Nicosia, Cyprus
| | - Manjeet K Bolla
- Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Qin Wang
- Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Joe Dennis
- Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Alison M Dunning
- Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Oncology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Paul D P Pharoah
- Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Oncology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Marjanka K Schmidt
- Division of Molecular Pathology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute - Antoni van Leeuwenhoek Hospital, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Division of Psychosocial Research and Epidemiology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute - Antoni van Leeuwenhoek Hospital, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Peter Kraft
- Program in Genetic Epidemiology and Statistical Genetics, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard TH Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Montserrat García-Closas
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
- Division of Genetics and Epidemiology, Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK
| | - Douglas F Easton
- Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Oncology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Roger L Milne
- Cancer Epidemiology Division, Cancer Council Victoria, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Precision Medicine, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
| | - Jenny Chang-Claude
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
- Cancer Epidemiology Group, University Cancer Center Hamburg (UCCH), Hamburg, Germany
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30
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Muthusamy B, Bellad A, Prasad P, Bandari AK, Bhuvanalakshmi G, Kiragasur RM, Girimaj SC, Pandey A. A Novel LINS1 Truncating Mutation in Autosomal Recessive Nonsyndromic Intellectual Disability. Front Psychiatry 2020; 11:354. [PMID: 32499722 PMCID: PMC7247441 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2020.00354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The large majority of cases with intellectual disability are syndromic (i.e. occur with other well-defined clinical phenotypes) and have been studied extensively. Autosomal recessive nonsyndromic intellectual disability is a group of genetically heterogeneous disorders for which a number of potentially causative genes have been identified although the molecular basis of most of them remains unexplored. Here, we report the clinical characteristics and genetic findings of a family with two male siblings affected with autosomal recessive nonsyndromic intellectual disability. Whole exome sequencing was carried out on two affected male siblings and unaffected parents. A potentially pathogenic variant identified in this study was confirmed by Sanger sequencing to be inherited in an autosomal recessive fashion. We identified a novel nonsense mutation (p.Gln368Ter) in the LINS1 gene which leads to loss of 389 amino acids in the C-terminus of the encoded protein. The truncation mutation causes a complete loss of LINES_C domain along with loss of three known phosphorylation sites and a known ubiquitylation site in addition to other evolutionarily conserved regions of LINS1. LINS1 has been reported to cause MRT27 (mental retardation, autosomal recessive 27), a rare autosomal recessive nonsyndromic intellectual disability, with limited characterization of the phenotype. Identification of a potentially pathogenic truncating mutation in LINS1 in two profoundly intellectually impaired patients also confirms its role in cognition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Babylakshmi Muthusamy
- Institute of Bioinformatics, Bangalore, India.,Center for Molecular Medicine, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences (NIMHANS), Bangalore, India.,Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, India
| | - Anikha Bellad
- Institute of Bioinformatics, Bangalore, India.,Center for Molecular Medicine, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences (NIMHANS), Bangalore, India.,Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, India
| | - Pramada Prasad
- Department of Neurology, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences (NIMHANS), Bangalore, India
| | - Aravind K Bandari
- Institute of Bioinformatics, Bangalore, India.,Center for Molecular Medicine, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences (NIMHANS), Bangalore, India.,Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, India
| | | | - R M Kiragasur
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences (NIMHANS), Bangalore, India
| | - Satish Chandra Girimaj
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences (NIMHANS), Bangalore, India
| | - Akhilesh Pandey
- Center for Molecular Medicine, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences (NIMHANS), Bangalore, India.,Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, India.,Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States.,Center for Individualized Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States
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Emmert AS, Iwasawa E, Shula C, Schultz P, Lindquist D, Dunn RS, Fugate EM, Hu YC, Mangano FT, Goto J. Impaired neural differentiation and glymphatic CSF flow in the Ccdc39 rat model of neonatal hydrocephalus: genetic interaction with L1cam. Dis Model Mech 2019; 12:12/11/dmm040972. [PMID: 31771992 PMCID: PMC6898999 DOI: 10.1242/dmm.040972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2019] [Accepted: 10/14/2019] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Neonatal hydrocephalus affects about one child per 1000 births and is a major congenital brain abnormality. We previously discovered a gene mutation within the coiled-coil domain-containing 39 (Ccdc39) gene, which causes the progressive hydrocephalus (prh) phenotype in mice due to lack of ependymal-cilia-mediated cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) flow. In this study, we used CRISPR/Cas9 to introduce the Ccdc39 gene mutation into rats, which are more suitable for imaging and surgical experiments. The Ccdc39prh/prh mutants exhibited mild ventriculomegaly at postnatal day (P)5 that progressed into severe hydrocephalus by P11 (P<0.001). After P11, macrophage and neutrophil invasion along with subarachnoid hemorrhage were observed in mutant brains showing reduced neurofilament density, hypomyelination and increased cell death signals compared with wild-type brains. Significantly more macrophages entered the brain parenchyma at P5 before hemorrhaging was noted and increased expression of a pro-inflammatory factor (monocyte chemoattractant protein-1) was found in the cortical neural and endothelial cells in the mutant brains at P11. Glymphatic-mediated CSF circulation was progressively impaired along the middle cerebral artery from P11 as mutants developed severe hydrocephalus (P<0.001). In addition, Ccdc39prh/prh mutants with L1 cell adhesion molecule (L1cam) gene mutation, which causes X-linked human congenital hydrocephalus, showed an accelerated early hydrocephalus phenotype (P<0.05-0.01). Our findings in Ccdc39prh/prh mutant rats demonstrate a possible causal role of neuroinflammation in neonatal hydrocephalus development, which involves impaired cortical development and glymphatic CSF flow. Improved understanding of inflammatory responses and the glymphatic system in neonatal hydrocephalus could lead to new therapeutic strategies for this condition. This article has an associated First Person interview with the joint first authors of the paper. Summary: Glymphatic CSF circulation and development of the cerebral cortex are impaired in our new genetic rat model of neonatal hydrocephalus with the onset of parenchymal inflammation and hemorrhage.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Scott Emmert
- Division of Pediatric Neurosurgery, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
| | - Eri Iwasawa
- Division of Pediatric Neurosurgery, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
| | - Crystal Shula
- Division of Pediatric Neurosurgery, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
| | - Preston Schultz
- Division of Pediatric Neurosurgery, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
| | - Diana Lindquist
- Division of Radiology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
| | - R Scott Dunn
- Division of Radiology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
| | - Elizabeth M Fugate
- Division of Radiology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
| | - Yueh-Chiang Hu
- Developmental Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
| | - Francesco T Mangano
- Division of Pediatric Neurosurgery, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
| | - June Goto
- Division of Pediatric Neurosurgery, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
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Jin SC, Furey CG, Zeng X, Allocco A, Nelson‐Williams C, Dong W, Karimy JK, Wang K, Ma S, Delpire E, Kahle KT. SLC12A ion transporter mutations in sporadic and familial human congenital hydrocephalus. Mol Genet Genomic Med 2019; 7:e892. [PMID: 31393094 PMCID: PMC6732308 DOI: 10.1002/mgg3.892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2019] [Revised: 06/15/2019] [Accepted: 07/07/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Congenital hydrocephalus (CH) is a highly morbid disease that features enlarged brain ventricles and impaired cerebrospinal fluid homeostasis. Although early linkage or targeted sequencing studies in large multigenerational families have localized several genes for CH, the etiology of most CH cases remains unclear. Recent advances in whole exome sequencing (WES) have identified five new bona fide CH genes, implicating impaired regulation of neural stem cell fate in CH pathogenesis. Nonetheless, in the majority of CH cases, the pathological etiology remains unknown, suggesting more genes await discovery. METHODS WES of family members of a sporadic and familial form of severe L1CAM mutation-negative CH associated with aqueductal stenosis was performed. Rare genetic variants were analyzed, prioritized, and validated. De novo copy number variants (CNVs) were identified using the XHMM algorithm and validated using qPCR. Xenopus oocyte experiments were performed to access mutation impact on protein function and expression. RESULTS A novel inherited protein-damaging mutation (p.Pro605Leu) in SLC12A6, encoding the K+ -Cl- cotransporter KCC3, was identified in both affected members of multiplex kindred CHYD110. p.Pro605 is conserved in KCC3 orthologs and among all human KCC paralogs. The p.Pro605Leu mutation maps to the ion-transporting domain, and significantly reduces KCC3-dependent K+ transport. A novel de novo CNV (deletion) was identified in SLC12A7, encoding the KCC3 paralog and binding partner KCC4, in another family (CHYD130) with sporadic CH. CONCLUSION These findings identify two novel, related genes associated with CH, and implicate genetically encoded impairments in ion transport for the first time in CH pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheng Chih Jin
- Department of GeneticsYale University School of MedicineNew HavenCTUSA
- Laboratory of Human Genetics and GenomicsThe Rockefeller UniversityNew YorkNYUSA
| | - Charuta G. Furey
- Department of GeneticsYale University School of MedicineNew HavenCTUSA
- Department of NeurosurgeryYale University School of MedicineNew HavenCTUSA
| | - Xue Zeng
- Department of GeneticsYale University School of MedicineNew HavenCTUSA
| | - August Allocco
- Department of NeurosurgeryYale University School of MedicineNew HavenCTUSA
| | | | - Weilai Dong
- Department of GeneticsYale University School of MedicineNew HavenCTUSA
| | - Jason K. Karimy
- Department of NeurosurgeryYale University School of MedicineNew HavenCTUSA
| | - Kevin Wang
- Department of NeurosurgeryYale University School of MedicineNew HavenCTUSA
| | - Shaojie Ma
- Department of GeneticsYale University School of MedicineNew HavenCTUSA
| | - Eric Delpire
- Department of AnesthesiologyVanderbilt University School of MedicineNashvilleTNUSA
| | - Kristopher T. Kahle
- Department of GeneticsYale University School of MedicineNew HavenCTUSA
- Department of NeurosurgeryYale University School of MedicineNew HavenCTUSA
- Department of Cellular & Molecular PhysiologyYale University School of MedicineNew HavenCTUSA
- NIH‐Yale Centers for Mendelian Genomics, Yale School of MedicineNew HavenCTUSA
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Yang J, Simonneau C, Kilker R, Oakley L, Byrne MD, Nichtova Z, Stefanescu I, Pardeep-Kumar F, Tripathi S, Londin E, Saugier-Veber P, Willard B, Thakur M, Pickup S, Ishikawa H, Schroten H, Smeyne R, Horowitz A. Murine MPDZ-linked hydrocephalus is caused by hyperpermeability of the choroid plexus. EMBO Mol Med 2019; 11:emmm.201809540. [PMID: 30518636 PMCID: PMC6328942 DOI: 10.15252/emmm.201809540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Though congenital hydrocephalus is heritable, it has been linked only to eight genes, one of which is MPDZ. Humans and mice that carry a truncated version of MPDZ incur severe hydrocephalus resulting in acute morbidity and lethality. We show by magnetic resonance imaging that contrast medium penetrates into the brain ventricles of mice carrying a Mpdz loss‐of‐function mutation, whereas none is detected in the ventricles of normal mice, implying that the permeability of the choroid plexus epithelial cell monolayer is abnormally high. Comparative proteomic analysis of the cerebrospinal fluid of normal and hydrocephalic mice revealed up to a 53‐fold increase in protein concentration, suggesting that transcytosis through the choroid plexus epithelial cells of Mpdz KO mice is substantially higher than in normal mice. These conclusions are supported by ultrastructural evidence, and by immunohistochemistry and cytology data. Our results provide a straightforward and concise explanation for the pathophysiology of Mpdz‐linked hydrocephalus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junning Yang
- Cardeza Center for Vascular Biology, Sidney Kimmel Medical College, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Claire Simonneau
- Cardeza Center for Vascular Biology, Sidney Kimmel Medical College, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Robert Kilker
- Cardeza Center for Vascular Biology, Sidney Kimmel Medical College, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Laura Oakley
- Department of Neuroscience, Sidney Kimmel Medical College, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Matthew D Byrne
- Department of Neuroscience, Sidney Kimmel Medical College, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Zuzana Nichtova
- Department of Pathology, Anatomy and Cell Biology, Sidney Kimmel Medical College, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Ioana Stefanescu
- Cardeza Center for Vascular Biology, Sidney Kimmel Medical College, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Fnu Pardeep-Kumar
- Department of Radiology, Sidney Kimmel Medical College, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Sushil Tripathi
- Department of Radiology, Sidney Kimmel Medical College, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Eric Londin
- Computational Medicine Center, Sidney Kimmel Medical College, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | | | - Belinda Willard
- Proteomics Core Facility, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Mathew Thakur
- Department of Radiology, Sidney Kimmel Medical College, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Stephen Pickup
- Department of Radiology, University of Pennsylvania Medical School, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Hiroshi Ishikawa
- Laboratory of Clinical Regenerative Medicine, Department of Neurosurgery, Faculty of Medicine University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba-City, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Horst Schroten
- Pediatric Infectious Diseases, University Children's Hospital Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Richard Smeyne
- Department of Neuroscience, Sidney Kimmel Medical College, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Arie Horowitz
- Cardeza Center for Vascular Biology, Sidney Kimmel Medical College, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA .,Department of Cancer Biology, Sidney Kimmel Medical College, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
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Marivin A, Garcia-Marcos M. DAPLE and MPDZ bind to each other and cooperate to promote apical cell constriction. Mol Biol Cell 2019; 30:1900-1910. [PMID: 31268831 PMCID: PMC6727773 DOI: 10.1091/mbc.e19-02-0091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Dishevelled-Associating Protein with a high frequency of LEucines (DAPLE) belongs to a group of unconventional activators of heterotrimeric G-proteins that are cytoplasmic factors rather than membrane proteins of the G-protein–coupled receptor superfamily. During neurulation, DAPLE localizes to apical junctions of neuroepithelial cells and promotes apical cell constriction via G-protein activation. While junctional localization of DAPLE is necessary for this function, the factors it associates with at apical junctions or how they contribute to DAPLE-mediated apical constriction are unknown. MPDZ is a multi-PDZ (PSD95/DLG1/ZO-1) domain scaffold present at apical cell junctions whose mutation in humans is linked to nonsyndromic congenital hydrocephalus (NSCH). DAPLE contains a PDZ-binding motif (PBM) and is also mutated in human NSCH, so we investigated the functional relationship between both proteins. DAPLE colocalized with MPDZ at apical cell junctions and bound directly to the PDZ3 domain of MPDZ via its PBM. Much like DAPLE, MPDZ is induced during neurulation in Xenopus and is required for apical constriction of neuroepithelial cells and subsequent neural plate bending. MPDZ depletion also blunted DAPLE-mediated apical constriction of cultured cells. These results show that DAPLE and MPDZ, two factors genetically linked to NSCH, function as cooperative partners at apical junctions and are required for proper tissue remodeling during early stages of neurodevelopment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arthur Marivin
- Department of Biochemistry, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02118
| | - Mikel Garcia-Marcos
- Department of Biochemistry, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02118
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35
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Marivin A, Morozova V, Walawalkar I, Leyme A, Kretov DA, Cifuentes D, Dominguez I, Garcia-Marcos M. GPCR-independent activation of G proteins promotes apical cell constriction in vivo. J Cell Biol 2019; 218:1743-1763. [PMID: 30948426 PMCID: PMC6504902 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.201811174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2018] [Revised: 01/19/2019] [Accepted: 03/12/2019] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Heterotrimeric G proteins are signaling switches that control organismal morphogenesis across metazoans. In invertebrates, specific GPCRs instruct G proteins to promote collective apical cell constriction in the context of epithelial tissue morphogenesis. In contrast, tissue-specific factors that instruct G proteins during analogous processes in vertebrates are largely unknown. Here, we show that DAPLE, a non-GPCR protein linked to human neurodevelopmental disorders, is expressed specifically in the neural plate of Xenopus laevis embryos to trigger a G protein signaling pathway that promotes apical cell constriction during neurulation. DAPLE localizes to apical cell-cell junctions in the neuroepithelium, where it activates G protein signaling to drive actomyosin-dependent apical constriction and subsequent bending of the neural plate. This function is mediated by a Gα-binding-and-activating (GBA) motif that was acquired by DAPLE in vertebrates during evolution. These findings reveal that regulation of tissue remodeling during vertebrate development can be driven by an unconventional mechanism of heterotrimeric G protein activation that operates in lieu of GPCRs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arthur Marivin
- Department of Biochemistry, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA
| | - Veronika Morozova
- Department of Biochemistry, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA
| | - Isha Walawalkar
- Department of Biochemistry, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA
| | - Anthony Leyme
- Department of Biochemistry, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA
| | - Dmitry A Kretov
- Department of Biochemistry, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA
| | - Daniel Cifuentes
- Department of Biochemistry, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA
| | - Isabel Dominguez
- Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA
| | - Mikel Garcia-Marcos
- Department of Biochemistry, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA
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36
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Leńska-Mieciek M, Charzewska A, Królicki L, Hoffman-Zacharska D, Chen ZS, Lau KF, Chan HYE, Gambin T, Fiszer U. Familial ataxia, tremor, and dementia in a polish family with a novel mutation in the CCDC88C gene. Mov Disord 2018; 34:142-144. [PMID: 30398676 DOI: 10.1002/mds.27536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2018] [Revised: 09/20/2018] [Accepted: 09/23/2018] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Marta Leńska-Mieciek
- Department of Neurology and Epileptology, Centre of Postgraduate Medical Education, Warsaw, Poland
| | | | - Leszek Królicki
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | | | - Zhefan Stephen Chen
- School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Science, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, N.T., Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Kwok-Fai Lau
- School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Science, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, N.T., Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Ho Yin Edwin Chan
- School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Science, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, N.T., Hong Kong SAR, China.,Gerald Choa Neuroscience Centre, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, N.T., Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Tomasz Gambin
- Department of Medical Genetics, Institute of Mother and Child, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Urszula Fiszer
- Department of Neurology and Epileptology, Centre of Postgraduate Medical Education, Warsaw, Poland
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37
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Furey CG, Zeng X, Dong W, Jin SC, Choi J, Timberlake AT, Dunbar AM, Allocco AA, Günel M, Lifton RP, Kahle KT. Human Genetics and Molecular Mechanisms of Congenital Hydrocephalus. World Neurosurg 2018; 119:441-443. [PMID: 30205212 DOI: 10.1016/j.wneu.2018.09.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Xue Zeng
- Department of Genetics, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Weilai Dong
- Department of Genetics, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Sheng Chih Jin
- Laboratory of Human Genetics and Genomics, The Rockefeller University, New York, New York, USA
| | - Jungmin Choi
- Laboratory of Human Genetics and Genomics, The Rockefeller University, New York, New York, USA
| | - Andrew T Timberlake
- Laboratory of Human Genetics and Genomics, The Rockefeller University, New York, New York, USA
| | - Ashley M Dunbar
- Department of Neurosurgery, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - August A Allocco
- Department of Neurosurgery, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Murat Günel
- Department of Neurosurgery, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA; Department of Neurosurgery, Pediatrics, and Cellular & Molecular Physiology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Richard P Lifton
- Laboratory of Human Genetics and Genomics, The Rockefeller University, New York, New York, USA; Department of Genetics, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Kristopher T Kahle
- Department of Neurosurgery, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA; Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA; Department of Neurosurgery, Pediatrics, and Cellular & Molecular Physiology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
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38
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Calhoun JD, Carvill GL. Unravelling the genetic architecture of autosomal recessive epilepsy in the genomic era. J Neurogenet 2018; 32:295-312. [PMID: 30247086 DOI: 10.1080/01677063.2018.1513509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
The technological advancement of next-generation sequencing has greatly accelerated the pace of variant discovery in epilepsy. Despite an initial focus on autosomal dominant epilepsy due to the tractable nature of variant discovery with trios under a de novo model, more and more variants are being reported in families with epilepsies consistent with autosomal recessive (AR) inheritance. In this review, we touch on the classical AR epilepsy variants such as the inborn errors of metabolism and malformations of cortical development. However, we also highlight recently reported genes that are being identified by next-generation sequencing approaches and online 'matchmaking' platforms. Syndromes mainly characterized by seizures and complex neurodevelopmental disorders comorbid with epilepsy are discussed as an example of the wide phenotypic spectrum associated with the AR epilepsies. We conclude with a foray into the future, from the application of whole-genome sequencing to identify elusive epilepsy variants, to the promise of precision medicine initiatives to provide novel targeted therapeutics specific to the individual based on their clinical genetic testing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeffrey D Calhoun
- a Department of Neurology , Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine , Chicago , IL , USA
| | - Gemma L Carvill
- a Department of Neurology , Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine , Chicago , IL , USA
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39
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McKenzie CW, Preston CC, Finn R, Eyster KM, Faustino RS, Lee L. Strain-specific differences in brain gene expression in a hydrocephalic mouse model with motile cilia dysfunction. Sci Rep 2018; 8:13370. [PMID: 30190587 PMCID: PMC6127338 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-31743-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2018] [Accepted: 08/22/2018] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Congenital hydrocephalus results from cerebrospinal fluid accumulation in the ventricles of the brain and causes severe neurological damage, but the underlying causes are not well understood. It is associated with several syndromes, including primary ciliary dyskinesia (PCD), which is caused by dysfunction of motile cilia. We previously demonstrated that mouse models of PCD lacking ciliary proteins CFAP221, CFAP54 and SPEF2 all have hydrocephalus with a strain-dependent severity. While morphological defects are more severe on the C57BL/6J (B6) background than 129S6/SvEvTac (129), cerebrospinal fluid flow is perturbed on both backgrounds, suggesting that abnormal cilia-driven flow is not the only factor underlying the hydrocephalus phenotype. Here, we performed a microarray analysis on brains from wild type and nm1054 mice lacking CFAP221 on the B6 and 129 backgrounds. Expression differences were observed for a number of genes that cluster into distinct groups based on expression pattern and biological function, many of them implicated in cellular and biochemical processes essential for proper brain development. These include genes known to be functionally relevant to congenital hydrocephalus, as well as formation and function of both motile and sensory cilia. Identification of these genes provides important clues to mechanisms underlying congenital hydrocephalus severity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Casey W McKenzie
- Pediatrics and Rare Diseases Group, Sanford Research, 2301 E. 60th Street N., Sioux Falls, SD, 57104, USA
| | - Claudia C Preston
- Genetics and Genomics Group, Sanford Research, 2301 E. 60th Street N., Sioux Falls, SD, 57104, USA
| | - Rozzy Finn
- Pediatrics and Rare Diseases Group, Sanford Research, 2301 E. 60th Street N., Sioux Falls, SD, 57104, USA
| | - Kathleen M Eyster
- Division of Basic Biomedical Sciences, Sanford School of Medicine of the University of South Dakota, Vermillion, SD, 57069, USA
| | - Randolph S Faustino
- Genetics and Genomics Group, Sanford Research, 2301 E. 60th Street N., Sioux Falls, SD, 57104, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, Sanford School of Medicine of the University of South Dakota, 1400 W. 22nd Street, Sioux Falls, SD, 57105, USA
| | - Lance Lee
- Pediatrics and Rare Diseases Group, Sanford Research, 2301 E. 60th Street N., Sioux Falls, SD, 57104, USA. .,Department of Pediatrics, Sanford School of Medicine of the University of South Dakota, 1400 W. 22nd Street, Sioux Falls, SD, 57105, USA.
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40
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McMillan HJ, Holahan AL, Richer J. Worster-Drought Syndrome Associated With LINS Mutations. Child Neurol Open 2018; 5:2329048X18791083. [PMID: 30090841 PMCID: PMC6077897 DOI: 10.1177/2329048x18791083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2018] [Revised: 05/28/2018] [Accepted: 06/30/2018] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Worster-Drought syndrome is a congenital, pseudobulbar paresis. There is no identified molecular etiology despite familial cases reported. The authors report a boy who was diagnosed with Worster-Drought syndrome due to longstanding drooling, dysphagia, and impaired tongue movement. Magnetic resonance imaging of the brain was unrevealing. At 14 years old, he remains aphonic with normal facial and extraocular movements. Nonsense mutations in the LINS gene, p.Glu366X and p.Lys393X, were found. Results from neuropsychological testing at 14 years old were consistent with a diagnosis of intellectual disability and revealed nonverbal reasoning skills at a 5-year-old level with relative sparing of his receptive vocabulary and visual attention. Compared to prior testing at 9 years old, his receptive language improved from a 6-year-old to an 8.5-year-old level. The authors report LINS mutations associated with Worster-Drought syndrome. This highlights that despite severe and persistent aphonia, receptive language improvements can be observed within the context of intellectual disability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hugh J McMillan
- Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Anne-Lise Holahan
- Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Julie Richer
- Department of Genetics, Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
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Furey CG, Choi J, Jin SC, Zeng X, Timberlake AT, Nelson-Williams C, Mansuri MS, Lu Q, Duran D, Panchagnula S, Allocco A, Karimy JK, Khanna A, Gaillard JR, DeSpenza T, Antwi P, Loring E, Butler WE, Smith ER, Warf BC, Strahle JM, Limbrick DD, Storm PB, Heuer G, Jackson EM, Iskandar BJ, Johnston JM, Tikhonova I, Castaldi C, López-Giráldez F, Bjornson RD, Knight JR, Bilguvar K, Mane S, Alper SL, Haider S, Guclu B, Bayri Y, Sahin Y, Apuzzo MLJ, Duncan CC, DiLuna ML, Günel M, Lifton RP, Kahle KT. De Novo Mutation in Genes Regulating Neural Stem Cell Fate in Human Congenital Hydrocephalus. Neuron 2018; 99:302-314.e4. [PMID: 29983323 PMCID: PMC7839075 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuron.2018.06.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2018] [Revised: 04/03/2018] [Accepted: 06/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Congenital hydrocephalus (CH), featuring markedly enlarged brain ventricles, is thought to arise from failed cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) homeostasis and is treated with lifelong surgical CSF shunting with substantial morbidity. CH pathogenesis is poorly understood. Exome sequencing of 125 CH trios and 52 additional probands identified three genes with significant burden of rare damaging de novo or transmitted mutations: TRIM71 (p = 2.15 × 10-7), SMARCC1 (p = 8.15 × 10-10), and PTCH1 (p = 1.06 × 10-6). Additionally, two de novo duplications were identified at the SHH locus, encoding the PTCH1 ligand (p = 1.2 × 10-4). Together, these probands account for ∼10% of studied cases. Strikingly, all four genes are required for neural tube development and regulate ventricular zone neural stem cell fate. These results implicate impaired neurogenesis (rather than active CSF accumulation) in the pathogenesis of a subset of CH patients, with potential diagnostic, prognostic, and therapeutic ramifications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charuta Gavankar Furey
- Department of Genetics, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA; Department of Neurosurgery, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
| | - Jungmin Choi
- Department of Genetics, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
| | - Sheng Chih Jin
- Department of Genetics, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
| | - Xue Zeng
- Department of Genetics, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
| | - Andrew T Timberlake
- Department of Genetics, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
| | - Carol Nelson-Williams
- Department of Genetics, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
| | - M Shahid Mansuri
- Department of Neurosurgery, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
| | - Qiongshi Lu
- Department of Biostatistics & Medical Informatics, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - Daniel Duran
- Department of Neurosurgery, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
| | - Shreyas Panchagnula
- Department of Neurosurgery, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
| | - August Allocco
- Department of Neurosurgery, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
| | - Jason K Karimy
- Department of Neurosurgery, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
| | - Arjun Khanna
- Department of Neurosurgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Jonathan R Gaillard
- Department of Neurosurgery, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
| | - Tyrone DeSpenza
- Department of Neurosurgery, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
| | - Prince Antwi
- Department of Neurosurgery, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
| | - Erin Loring
- Department of Genetics, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
| | - William E Butler
- Department of Neurosurgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Edward R Smith
- Department of Neurosurgery, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Benjamin C Warf
- Department of Neurosurgery, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Jennifer M Strahle
- Department of Neurological Surgery and Pediatrics, Washington University in St. Louis School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - David D Limbrick
- Department of Neurological Surgery and Pediatrics, Washington University in St. Louis School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Phillip B Storm
- Department of Neurosurgery, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Division of Neurosurgery, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Gregory Heuer
- Department of Neurosurgery, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Division of Neurosurgery, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Eric M Jackson
- Department of Neurosurgery, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA
| | - Bermans J Iskandar
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Wisconsin Medical School, Madison, WI 53726, USA
| | - James M Johnston
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Alabama School of Medicine, Birmingham, AL 35233, USA
| | - Irina Tikhonova
- Yale Center for Genome Analysis, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
| | | | | | - Robert D Bjornson
- Yale Center for Genome Analysis, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
| | - James R Knight
- Department of Genetics, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA; Yale Center for Genome Analysis, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
| | - Kaya Bilguvar
- Yale Center for Genome Analysis, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
| | - Shrikant Mane
- Yale Center for Genome Analysis, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
| | - Seth L Alper
- Division of Nephrology and Center for Vascular Biology Research, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Shozeb Haider
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Biological Chemistry, University College London School of Pharmacy, London WC1N 1AX, UK
| | - Bulent Guclu
- Kartal Dr. Lutfi Kirdar Research and Training Hospital, Istanbul 34860, Turkey
| | - Yasar Bayri
- Acibadem Mehmet Ali Aydinlar University, School of Medicine, Department of Neurosurgery, Division of Pediatric Neurosurgery, Istanbul 34752, Turkey
| | - Yener Sahin
- Acibadem Mehmet Ali Aydinlar University, School of Medicine, Department of Neurosurgery, Division of Pediatric Neurosurgery, Istanbul 34752, Turkey
| | - Michael L J Apuzzo
- Department of Neurosurgery, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
| | - Charles C Duncan
- Department of Neurosurgery, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
| | - Michael L DiLuna
- Department of Neurosurgery, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
| | - Murat Günel
- Department of Genetics, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA; Department of Neurosurgery, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
| | - Richard P Lifton
- Department of Genetics, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA; Laboratory of Human Genetics and Genomics, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Kristopher T Kahle
- Department of Genetics, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA; Department of Neurosurgery, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA; Department of Cellular & Molecular Physiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA.
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Zwaveling-Soonawala N, Alders M, Jongejan A, Kovacic L, Duijkers FA, Maas SM, Fliers E, van Trotsenburg ASP, Hennekam RC. Clues for Polygenic Inheritance of Pituitary Stalk Interruption Syndrome From Exome Sequencing in 20 Patients. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2018; 103:415-428. [PMID: 29165578 DOI: 10.1210/jc.2017-01660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2017] [Accepted: 11/15/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT Pituitary stalk interruption syndrome (PSIS) consists of a small/absent anterior pituitary lobe, an interrupted/absent pituitary stalk, and an ectopic posterior pituitary lobe. Mendelian forms of PSIS are detected infrequently (<5%), and a polygenic etiology has been suggested. GLI2 variants have been reported at a relatively high frequency in PSIS. OBJECTIVE To provide further evidence for a non-Mendelian, polygenic etiology of PSIS. METHODS Exome sequencing (trio approach) in 20 patients with isolated PSIS. In addition to searching for (potentially) pathogenic de novo and biallelic variants, a targeted search was performed in a panel of genes associated with midline brain development (223 genes). For GLI2 variants, both (potentially) pathogenic and relatively rare variants (<5% in the general population) were studied. The frequency of GLI2 variants was compared with that of a reference population. RESULTS We found four additional candidate genes for isolated PSIS (DCHS1, ROBO2, CCDC88C, and KIF14) and one for syndromic PSIS (KAT6A). Eleven GLI2 variants were present in six patients. A higher frequency of a combination of two GLI2 variants (M1352V + D1520N) was found in the study group compared with a reference population (10% vs 0.68%). (Potentially) pathogenic variants were identified in genes associated with midline brain anomalies, including holoprosencephaly, hypogonadotropic hypogonadism, and absent corpus callosum and in genes involved in ciliopathies. CONCLUSION Combinations of variants in genes associated with midline brain anomalies are frequently present in PSIS and sustain the hypothesis of a polygenic cause of PSIS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nitash Zwaveling-Soonawala
- Department of Pediatric Endocrinology, Emma Children's Hospital, Academic Medical Centre, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Marielle Alders
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Academic Medical Centre, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Aldo Jongejan
- Department of Bioinformatics, Academic Medical Centre, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Lidija Kovacic
- Novartis Ireland Ltd, Beech Hill Office Campus, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Floor A Duijkers
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Academic Medical Centre, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Saskia M Maas
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Academic Medical Centre, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Eric Fliers
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Academic Medical Centre, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - A S Paul van Trotsenburg
- Department of Pediatric Endocrinology, Emma Children's Hospital, Academic Medical Centre, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Raoul C Hennekam
- Department of Pediatrics, Emma Children's Hospital, Academic Medical Centre, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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Ruggeri G, Timms AE, Cheng C, Weiss A, Kollros P, Chapman T, Tully H, Mirzaa GM. Bi-allelic mutations of CCDC88C are a rare cause of severe congenital hydrocephalus. Am J Med Genet A 2018; 176:676-681. [PMID: 29341397 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.a.38592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2017] [Revised: 11/24/2017] [Accepted: 12/01/2017] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Congenital or infantile hydrocephalus is caused by genetic and non-genetic factors and is highly heterogeneous in etiology. In recent studies, a limited number of genetic causes of hydrocephalus have been identified. To date, recessive mutations in the CCDC88C gene have been identified as a cause of non-syndromic congenital hydrocephalus in three reported families. Here, we report the fourth known family with two affected individuals with congenital hydrocephalus due to a homozygous mutation in the CCDC88C gene identified by whole exome sequencing. Our two newly described children, as well as the previously published ones, all shared several features including severe infantile-onset hydrocephalus, mild to severe intellectual delay, varying degrees of motor delay, and infantile onset seizures. All identified homozygous mutations in CCDC88C abolish the PDZ binding site necessary for proper CCDC88C protein function in the Wnt signaling pathway. Our report further establishes CCDC88C as one of the few known recessive causes of severe prenatal-onset hydrocephalus. Recognition of this syndrome has important diagnostic and genetic implications for families identified in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaia Ruggeri
- Center for Integrative Brain Research, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, Washington
| | - Andrew E Timms
- Center for Developmental Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, Washington
| | - Chi Cheng
- Center for Integrative Brain Research, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, Washington
| | - Avery Weiss
- Division of Ophthalmology, Roger H. Johnson Vision Lab, Seattle Children's Hospital, Seattle, Washington.,Department of Ophthalmology, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Washington
| | - Peter Kollros
- Division of Pediatric Neurology, Seattle Children's Hospital, Seattle, Washington
| | - Teresa Chapman
- Department of Radiology, Seattle Children's Hospital, Seattle, Washington.,University of Washington School of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
| | - Hannah Tully
- Center for Integrative Brain Research, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, Washington.,Division of Pediatric Neurology, Seattle Children's Hospital, Seattle, Washington
| | - Ghayda M Mirzaa
- Center for Integrative Brain Research, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, Washington.,Division of Genetic Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
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Conditional ablation of the RFX4 isoform 1 transcription factor: Allele dosage effects on brain phenotype. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0190561. [PMID: 29298325 PMCID: PMC5752003 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0190561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2017] [Accepted: 11/21/2017] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Regulatory factor X4 (RFX4) isoform 1 is a recently discovered isoform of the winged helix transcription factor RFX4, which can bind to X-box consensus sequences that are enriched in the promoters of cilia-related genes. Early insertional mutagenesis studies in mice first identified this isoform, and demonstrated that it was crucial for mouse brain development. RFX4 isoform 1 is the only RFX4 isoform significantly expressed in the mouse fetal and adult brain. In this study, we evaluated conditional knock-out (KO) mice in which one or two floxed alleles of Rfx4 were deleted early in development through the use of a Sox2-Cre transgene. Heterozygous deletion of Rfx4 resulted in severe, non-communicating congenital hydrocephalus associated with hypoplasia of the subcommissural organ. Homozygous deletion of Rfx4 resulted in formation of a single ventricle in the forebrain, and severe dorsoventral patterning defects in the telencephalon and midbrain at embryonic day 12.5, a collection of phenotypes that resembled human holoprosencephaly. No anatomical abnormalities were noted outside the brain in either case. At the molecular level, transcripts encoded by the cilia-related gene Foxj1 were significantly decreased, and Foxj1 was identified as a direct gene target of RFX4 isoform 1. The phenotypes were similar to those observed in the previous Rfx4 insertional mutagenesis studies. Thus, we provide a novel conditional KO animal model in which to investigate the downstream genes directly and/or indirectly regulated by RFX4 isoform 1. This model could provide new insights into the pathogenesis of obstructive hydrocephalus and holoprosencephaly in humans, both relatively common and disabling birth defects.
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46
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Surprisingly good outcome in antenatal diagnosis of severe hydrocephalus related to CCDC88C deficiency. Eur J Med Genet 2017; 61:189-196. [PMID: 29225145 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmg.2017.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2017] [Revised: 10/23/2017] [Accepted: 12/04/2017] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Non-syndromic congenital hydrocephalus is aetiologically diverse and while a genetic cause is frequently suspected, it often cannot be confirmed. The most common genetic cause is L1CAM-related X-linked hydrocephalus and that explains only 5%-10% of all male cases. This underlines a current limitation in our understanding of the genetic burden of non-syndromic congenital hydrocephalus, especially for those cases with likely autosomal recessive inheritance. Additionally, the prognosis for most cases of severe congenital hydrocephalus is poor, with most of the surviving infants displaying significant intellectual impairment despite surgical intervention. It is for this reason that couples with an antenatal diagnosis of severe hydrocephalus are given the option, and may opt, for termination of the pregnancy. We present two families with CCDC88C-related recessive congenital hydrocephalus with children who had severe hydrocephalus. Those individuals who were shunted within the first few weeks of life, who did not require multiple surgical revisions, and who had a more distal truncating variant of the CCDC88C gene met their early childhood developmental milestones in some cases. This suggests that children with CCDC88C-related autosomal recessive hydrocephalus can have normal developmental outcomes under certain circumstances. We recommend CCDC88C analysis in cases of severe non-syndromic congenital hydrocephalus, especially when aqueduct stenosis with or without a medial diverticulum is seen, in order to aid prognosis discussion.
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Specific inhibition of GPCR-independent G protein signaling by a rationally engineered protein. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2017; 114:E10319-E10328. [PMID: 29133411 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1707992114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Activation of heterotrimeric G proteins by cytoplasmic nonreceptor proteins is an alternative to the classical mechanism via G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs). A subset of nonreceptor G protein activators is characterized by a conserved sequence named the Gα-binding and activating (GBA) motif, which confers guanine nucleotide exchange factor (GEF) activity in vitro and promotes G protein-dependent signaling in cells. GBA proteins have important roles in physiology and disease but remain greatly understudied. This is due, in part, to the lack of efficient tools that specifically disrupt GBA motif function in the context of the large multifunctional proteins in which they are embedded. This hindrance to the study of alternative mechanisms of G protein activation contrasts with the wealth of convenient chemical and genetic tools to manipulate GPCR-dependent activation. Here, we describe the rational design and implementation of a genetically encoded protein that specifically inhibits GBA motifs: GBA inhibitor (GBAi). GBAi was engineered by introducing modifications in Gαi that preclude coupling to every known major binding partner [GPCRs, Gβγ, effectors, guanine nucleotide dissociation inhibitors (GDIs), GTPase-activating proteins (GAPs), or the chaperone/GEF Ric-8A], while favoring high-affinity binding to all known GBA motifs. We demonstrate that GBAi does not interfere with canonical GPCR-G protein signaling but blocks GBA-dependent signaling in cancer cells. Furthermore, by implementing GBAi in vivo, we show that GBA-dependent signaling modulates phenotypes during Xenopus laevis embryonic development. In summary, GBAi is a selective, efficient, and convenient tool to dissect the biological processes controlled by a GPCR-independent mechanism of G protein activation mediated by cytoplasmic factors.
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Katoh M, Katoh M. Molecular genetics and targeted therapy of WNT-related human diseases (Review). Int J Mol Med 2017; 40:587-606. [PMID: 28731148 PMCID: PMC5547940 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2017.3071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2017] [Accepted: 07/12/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Canonical WNT signaling through Frizzled and LRP5/6 receptors is transduced to the WNT/β-catenin and WNT/stabilization of proteins (STOP) signaling cascades to regulate cell fate and proliferation, whereas non-canonical WNT signaling through Frizzled or ROR receptors is transduced to the WNT/planar cell polarity (PCP), WNT/G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) and WNT/receptor tyrosine kinase (RTK) signaling cascades to regulate cytoskeletal dynamics and directional cell movement. WNT/β-catenin signaling cascade crosstalks with RTK/SRK and GPCR-cAMP-PKA signaling cascades to regulate β-catenin phosphorylation and β-catenin-dependent transcription. Germline mutations in WNT signaling molecules cause hereditary colorectal cancer, bone diseases, exudative vitreoretinopathy, intellectual disability syndrome and PCP-related diseases. APC or CTNNB1 mutations in colorectal, endometrial and prostate cancers activate the WNT/β-catenin signaling cascade. RNF43, ZNRF3, RSPO2 or RSPO3 alterations in breast, colorectal, gastric, pancreatic and other cancers activate the WNT/β-catenin, WNT/STOP and other WNT signaling cascades. ROR1 upregulation in B-cell leukemia and solid tumors and ROR2 upregulation in melanoma induce invasion, metastasis and therapeutic resistance through Rho-ROCK, Rac-JNK, PI3K-AKT and YAP signaling activation. WNT signaling in cancer, stromal and immune cells dynamically orchestrate immune evasion and antitumor immunity in a cell context-dependent manner. Porcupine (PORCN), RSPO3, WNT2B, FZD5, FZD10, ROR1, tankyrase and β-catenin are targets of anti-WNT signaling therapy, and ETC-159, LGK974, OMP-18R5 (vantictumab), OMP-54F28 (ipafricept), OMP-131R10 (rosmantuzumab), PRI-724 and UC-961 (cirmtuzumab) are in clinical trials for cancer patients. Different classes of anti-WNT signaling therapeutics are necessary for the treatment of APC/CTNNB1-, RNF43/ZNRF3/RSPO2/RSPO3- and ROR1-types of human cancers. By contrast, Dickkopf-related protein 1 (DKK1), SOST and glycogen synthase kinase 3β (GSK3β) are targets of pro-WNT signaling therapy, and anti-DKK1 (BHQ880 and DKN-01) and anti-SOST (blosozumab, BPS804 and romosozumab) monoclonal antibodies are being tested in clinical trials for cancer patients and osteoporotic post-menopausal women. WNT-targeting therapeutics have also been applied as reagents for in vitro stem-cell processing in the field of regenerative medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Masaru Katoh
- Department of Omics Network, National Cancer Center, Tokyo 104-0045, Japan
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Daple Coordinates Planar Polarized Microtubule Dynamics in Ependymal Cells and Contributes to Hydrocephalus. Cell Rep 2017; 20:960-972. [DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2017.06.089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2016] [Revised: 05/22/2017] [Accepted: 06/29/2017] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
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50
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The genetic landscape of familial congenital hydrocephalus. Ann Neurol 2017; 81:890-897. [DOI: 10.1002/ana.24964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2017] [Revised: 05/23/2017] [Accepted: 05/24/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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