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Huang Y, Shi Y, Wang M, Liu B, Chang X, Xiao X, Yu H, Cui X, Bai Y. Pannexin1 Channel-Mediated Inflammation in Acute Ischemic Stroke. Aging Dis 2024; 15:1296-1307. [PMID: 37196132 PMCID: PMC11081155 DOI: 10.14336/ad.2023.0303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2022] [Accepted: 03/03/2023] [Indexed: 05/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Emerging evidence suggests that inflammation mediated by the pannexin1 channel contributes significantly to acute ischemic stroke. It is believed that the pannexin1 channel is key in initiating central system inflammation during the early stages of acute ischemic stroke. Moreover, the pannexin1 channel is involved in the inflammatory cascade to maintain the inflammation levels. Specifically, the interaction of pannexin1 channels with ATP-sensitive P2X7 purinoceptors or promotion of potassium efflux mediates the activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome, triggering the release of pro-inflammatory factors such as IL-1 and IL-18, exacerbating and sustaining inflammation of brain. Also, increased release of ATP induced by cerebrovascular injury activates pannexin1 in vascular endothelial cells. This signal directs peripheral leukocytes to migrate into ischemic brain tissue, leading to an expansion of the inflammatory zone. Intervention strategies targeting pannexin1 channels may greatly alleviate inflammation after acute ischemic stroke to improve this patient population's clinical outcomes. In this review, we sought to summarize relevant studies on inflammation mediated by the pannexin1 channel in acute ischemic stroke and discussed the possibility of using brain organoid-on-a-chip technology to screen miRNAs that exclusively target the pannexin1 channel to provide new therapeutic measures for targeted regulation of pannexin1 channel to reduce inflammation in acute ischemic stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yubing Huang
- Department of Neurology, Dalian University Affiliated Xinhua Hospital, Dalian, Liaoning, China
- Graduate School, Dalian University, Dalian, Liaoning, China
| | - Yutong Shi
- Department of Neurology, Dalian University Affiliated Xinhua Hospital, Dalian, Liaoning, China
- Graduate School, Dalian University, Dalian, Liaoning, China
| | - Mengmeng Wang
- Department of Neurology, Dalian University Affiliated Xinhua Hospital, Dalian, Liaoning, China
- Medical College, Institute of Microanalysis, Dalian University, Dalian, Liaoning, China
- Graduate School, Dalian University, Dalian, Liaoning, China
| | - Bingyi Liu
- Department of Neurology, Dalian University Affiliated Xinhua Hospital, Dalian, Liaoning, China
- Graduate School, Dalian University, Dalian, Liaoning, China
| | - Xueqin Chang
- Department of Neurology, Dalian University Affiliated Xinhua Hospital, Dalian, Liaoning, China
- Graduate School, Dalian University, Dalian, Liaoning, China
| | - Xia Xiao
- Department of Neurology, Dalian University Affiliated Xinhua Hospital, Dalian, Liaoning, China
- Graduate School, Dalian University, Dalian, Liaoning, China
| | - Huihui Yu
- Department of Neurology, Dalian University Affiliated Xinhua Hospital, Dalian, Liaoning, China
- Graduate School, Dalian University, Dalian, Liaoning, China
| | - Xiaodie Cui
- Department of Neurology, Dalian University Affiliated Xinhua Hospital, Dalian, Liaoning, China
- Graduate School, Dalian University, Dalian, Liaoning, China
| | - Ying Bai
- Department of Neurology, Dalian University Affiliated Xinhua Hospital, Dalian, Liaoning, China
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2
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Luo Y, Zheng S, Xiao W, Zhang H, Li Y. Pannexins in the musculoskeletal system: new targets for development and disease progression. Bone Res 2024; 12:26. [PMID: 38705887 PMCID: PMC11070431 DOI: 10.1038/s41413-024-00334-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2023] [Revised: 03/04/2024] [Accepted: 04/01/2024] [Indexed: 05/07/2024] Open
Abstract
During cell differentiation, growth, and development, cells can respond to extracellular stimuli through communication channels. Pannexin (Panx) family and connexin (Cx) family are two important types of channel-forming proteins. Panx family contains three members (Panx1-3) and is expressed widely in bone, cartilage and muscle. Although there is no sequence homology between Panx family and Cx family, they exhibit similar configurations and functions. Similar to Cxs, the key roles of Panxs in the maintenance of physiological functions of the musculoskeletal system and disease progression were gradually revealed later. Here, we seek to elucidate the structure of Panxs and their roles in regulating processes such as osteogenesis, chondrogenesis, and muscle growth. We also focus on the comparison between Cx and Panx. As a new key target, Panxs expression imbalance and dysfunction in muscle and the therapeutic potentials of Panxs in joint diseases are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Luo
- Department of Orthopedics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410008, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410008, China
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Xiangya Medicine School, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410008, China
| | - Shengyuan Zheng
- Department of Orthopedics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410008, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410008, China
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Xiangya Medicine School, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410008, China
| | - Wenfeng Xiao
- Department of Orthopedics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410008, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410008, China
| | - Hang Zhang
- Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, 518055, China.
| | - Yusheng Li
- Department of Orthopedics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410008, China.
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410008, China.
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3
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O'Donnell BL, Penuela S. Skin in the game: pannexin channels in healthy and cancerous skin. Biochem J 2023; 480:1929-1949. [PMID: 38038973 DOI: 10.1042/bcj20230176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2023] [Revised: 11/15/2023] [Accepted: 11/20/2023] [Indexed: 12/02/2023]
Abstract
The skin is a highly organized tissue composed of multiple layers and cell types that require coordinated cell to cell communication to maintain tissue homeostasis. In skin cancer, this organized structure and communication is disrupted, prompting the malignant transformation of healthy cells into melanoma, basal cell carcinoma or squamous cell carcinoma tumours. One such family of channel proteins critical for cellular communication is pannexins (PANX1, PANX2, PANX3), all of which are present in the skin. These heptameric single-membrane channels act as conduits for small molecules and ions like ATP and Ca2+ but have also been shown to have channel-independent functions through their interacting partners or action in signalling pathways. Pannexins have diverse roles in the skin such as in skin development, aging, barrier function, keratinocyte differentiation, inflammation, and wound healing, which were discovered through work with pannexin knockout mice, organotypic epidermis models, primary cells, and immortalized cell lines. In the context of cutaneous cancer, PANX1 is present at high levels in melanoma tumours and functions in melanoma carcinogenesis, and both PANX1 and PANX3 expression is altered in non-melanoma skin cancer. PANX2 has thus far not been implicated in any skin cancer. This review will discuss pannexin isoforms, structure, trafficking, post-translational modifications, interactome, and channel activity. We will also outline the expression, localization, and function of pannexin channels within the diverse cell types of the epidermis, dermis, hypodermis, and adnexal structures of the skin, and how these properties are exploited or abrogated in instances of skin cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brooke L O'Donnell
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada N6A 5C1
| | - Silvia Penuela
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada N6A 5C1
- Department of Oncology, Division of Experimental Oncology, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada N6A 5C1
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4
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Weilinger NL, Yang K, Choi HB, Groten CJ, Wendt S, Murugan M, Wicki-Stordeur LE, Bernier LP, Velayudhan PS, Zheng J, LeDue JM, Rungta RL, Tyson JR, Snutch TP, Wu LJ, MacVicar BA. Pannexin-1 opening in neuronal edema causes cell death but also leads to protection via increased microglia contacts. Cell Rep 2023; 42:113128. [PMID: 37742194 PMCID: PMC10824275 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2023.113128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2022] [Revised: 06/26/2023] [Accepted: 08/28/2023] [Indexed: 09/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Neuronal swelling during cytotoxic edema is triggered by Na+ and Cl- entry and is Ca2+ independent. However, the causes of neuronal death during swelling are unknown. Here, we investigate the role of large-conductance Pannexin-1 (Panx1) channels in neuronal death during cytotoxic edema. Panx1 channel inhibitors reduce and delay neuronal death in swelling triggered by voltage-gated Na+ entry with veratridine. Neuronal swelling causes downstream production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) that opens Panx1 channels. We confirm that ROS activates Panx1 currents with whole-cell electrophysiology and find scavenging ROS is neuroprotective. Panx1 opening and subsequent ATP release attract microglial processes to contact swelling neurons. Depleting microglia using the CSF1 receptor antagonist PLX3397 or blocking P2Y12 receptors exacerbates neuronal death, suggesting that the Panx1-ATP-dependent microglia contacts are neuroprotective. We conclude that cytotoxic edema triggers oxidative stress in neurons that opens Panx1 to trigger death but also initiates neuroprotective feedback mediated by microglia contacts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas L Weilinger
- Department of Psychiatry, Djavad Mowafaghian Centre for Brain Health, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z3, Canada.
| | - Kai Yang
- Department of Psychiatry, Djavad Mowafaghian Centre for Brain Health, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z3, Canada
| | - Hyun B Choi
- Department of Psychiatry, Djavad Mowafaghian Centre for Brain Health, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z3, Canada
| | - Christopher J Groten
- Department of Psychiatry, Djavad Mowafaghian Centre for Brain Health, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z3, Canada
| | - Stefan Wendt
- Department of Psychiatry, Djavad Mowafaghian Centre for Brain Health, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z3, Canada
| | | | - Leigh E Wicki-Stordeur
- Department of Psychiatry, Djavad Mowafaghian Centre for Brain Health, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z3, Canada
| | - Louis-Philippe Bernier
- Department of Psychiatry, Djavad Mowafaghian Centre for Brain Health, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z3, Canada
| | - Prashanth S Velayudhan
- Department of Psychiatry, Djavad Mowafaghian Centre for Brain Health, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z3, Canada
| | - Jiaying Zheng
- Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Jeffrey M LeDue
- Department of Psychiatry, Djavad Mowafaghian Centre for Brain Health, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z3, Canada
| | - Ravi L Rungta
- Department of Psychiatry, Djavad Mowafaghian Centre for Brain Health, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z3, Canada; Department of Stomatology and Department of Neuroscience, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - John R Tyson
- Department of Psychiatry, Djavad Mowafaghian Centre for Brain Health, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z3, Canada; Michael Smith Laboratories, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada
| | - Terrance P Snutch
- Department of Psychiatry, Djavad Mowafaghian Centre for Brain Health, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z3, Canada; Michael Smith Laboratories, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada
| | - Long-Jun Wu
- Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Brian A MacVicar
- Department of Psychiatry, Djavad Mowafaghian Centre for Brain Health, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z3, Canada.
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5
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Wu YL, Yang AH, Chiu YH. Recent advances in the structure and activation mechanisms of metabolite-releasing Pannexin 1 channels. Biochem Soc Trans 2023; 51:1687-1699. [PMID: 37622532 DOI: 10.1042/bst20230038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2023] [Revised: 08/13/2023] [Accepted: 08/15/2023] [Indexed: 08/26/2023]
Abstract
Pannexin 1 (PANX1) is a widely expressed large-pore ion channel located in the plasma membrane of almost all vertebrate cells. It possesses a unique ability to act as a conduit for both inorganic ions (e.g. potassium or chloride) and bioactive metabolites (e.g. ATP or glutamate), thereby activating varying signaling pathways in an autocrine or paracrine manner. Given its crucial role in cell-cell interactions, the activity of PANX1 has been implicated in maintaining homeostasis of cardiovascular, immune, and nervous systems. Dysregulation of PANX1 has also been linked to numerous diseases, such as ischemic stroke, seizure, and inflammatory disorders. Therefore, the mechanisms underlying different modes of PANX1 activation and its context-specific channel properties have gathered significant attention. In this review, we summarize the roles of PANX1 in various physiological processes and diseases, and analyze the accumulated lines of evidence supporting diverse molecular mechanisms associated with different PANX1 activation modalities. We focus on examining recent discoveries regarding PANX1 regulations by reversible post-translational modifications, elevated intracellular calcium concentration, and protein-protein interactions, as well as by irreversible cleavage of its C-terminal tail. Additionally, we delve into the caveats in the proposed PANX1 gating mechanisms and channel open-closed configurations by critically analyzing the structural insights derived from cryo-EM studies and the unitary properties of PANX1 channels. By doing so, we aim to identify potential research directions for a better understanding of the functions and regulations of PANX1 channels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Ling Wu
- Department of Life Science, National Tsing Hua University, No. 101, Sec. 2, Kuang Fu Rd., Hsinchu 300044, Taiwan
| | - Ai-Hsing Yang
- Department of Life Science, National Tsing Hua University, No. 101, Sec. 2, Kuang Fu Rd., Hsinchu 300044, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Hsin Chiu
- Department of Life Science, National Tsing Hua University, No. 101, Sec. 2, Kuang Fu Rd., Hsinchu 300044, Taiwan
- Institute of Biotechnology and Department of Medical Science, National Tsing Hua University, No. 101, Sec. 2, Kuang Fu Rd., Hsinchu 300044, Taiwan
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6
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O'Donnell BL, Sanchez-Pupo RE, Sayedyahossein S, Karimi M, Bahmani M, Zhang C, Johnston D, Kelly JJ, Wakefield CB, Barr K, Dagnino L, Penuela S. Pannexin 3 channels regulate architecture, adhesion, barrier function and inflammation in the skin. J Invest Dermatol 2023:S0022-202X(23)00103-3. [PMID: 36813158 DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2023.01.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2022] [Revised: 12/19/2022] [Accepted: 01/20/2023] [Indexed: 02/24/2023]
Abstract
The channel-forming glycoprotein Pannexin 3 (PANX3) functions in cutaneous wound healing and keratinocyte differentiation, but its role in skin homeostasis through aging is not yet understood. We found that PANX3 is absent in newborn skin but becomes upregulated with age. We characterized the skin of global Panx3 knockout mice (KO) and found that KO dorsal skin showed sex-differences at different ages, but generally had reduced dermal and hypodermal areas compared to aged-matched controls. Transcriptomic analysis of KO epidermis revealed reduced E-cadherin stabilization and Wnt signaling compared to WT, consistent with the inability of primary KO keratinocytes to adhere in culture, and diminished epidermal barrier function in KO mice. We also observed increased inflammatory signaling in KO epidermis and higher incidence of dermatitis in aged KO mice compared to wildtype controls. These findings suggest that during skin aging, PANX3 is critical in the maintenance of dorsal skin architecture, keratinocyte cell-cell and cell-matrix adhesion and inflammatory skin responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brooke L O'Donnell
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada, N6A 5C1
| | - Rafael E Sanchez-Pupo
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada, N6A 5C1
| | - Samar Sayedyahossein
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada, N6A 5C1
| | - Mehdi Karimi
- Department of Mathematics, Illinois State University, Normal, Illinois, United States, 61790
| | | | - Christopher Zhang
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada, N6A 5C1
| | - Danielle Johnston
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada, N6A 5C1
| | - John J Kelly
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada, N6A 5C1
| | - C Brent Wakefield
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada, N6A 5C1.; Western's Bone and Joint Institute, The Dr. Sandy Kirkley Centre for Musculoskeletal Research, University Hospital, London, Ontario, Canada, N6G 2V4
| | - Kevin Barr
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada, N6A 5C1
| | - Lina Dagnino
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada, N6A 5C1
| | - Silvia Penuela
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada, N6A 5C1.; Western's Bone and Joint Institute, The Dr. Sandy Kirkley Centre for Musculoskeletal Research, University Hospital, London, Ontario, Canada, N6G 2V4; Department of Oncology, Division of Experimental Oncology, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada, N6A 5C1.
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7
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Dunaway LS, Billaud M, Macal E, Good ME, Medina CB, Lorenz U, Ravichandran K, Koval M, Isakson BE. Amount of Pannexin 1 in Smooth Muscle Cells Regulates Sympathetic Nerve-Induced Vasoconstriction. Hypertension 2023; 80:416-425. [PMID: 36448464 PMCID: PMC9851955 DOI: 10.1161/hypertensionaha.122.20280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2022] [Accepted: 11/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Panx1 (pannexin 1) forms high conductance channels that secrete ATP upon stimulation. The role of Panx1 in mediating constriction in response to direct sympathetic nerve stimulation is not known. Additionally, it is unknown how the expression level of Panx1 in smooth muscle cells (SMCs) influences α-adrenergic responses. We hypothesized that the amount of Panx1 in SMCs dictates the levels of sympathetic constriction and blood pressure. METHODS To test this hypothesis, we used genetically modified mouse models enabling expression of Panx1 in vascular cells to be varied. Electrical field stimulation on isolated arteries and blood pressure were assessed. RESULTS Genetic deletion of SMC Panx1 prevented constriction by electric field stimulation of sympathetic nerves. Conversely, overexpression of Panx1 in SMCs using a ROSA26 transgenic model increased sympathetic nerve-mediated constriction. Connexin 43 hemichannel inhibitors did not alter constriction. Next, we evaluated the effects of altered SMC Panx1 expression on blood pressure. To do this, we created mice combining a global Panx1 deletion, with ROSA26-Panx1 under the control of an inducible SMC specific Cre (Myh11). This resulted in mice that could express only human Panx1, only in SMCs. After tamoxifen, these mice had increased blood pressure that was acutely decreased by the Panx1 inhibitor spironolactone. Control mice genetically devoid of Panx1 did not respond to spironolactone. CONCLUSIONS These data suggest Panx1 in SMCs could regulate the extent of sympathetic nerve constriction and blood pressure. The results also show the feasibility humanized Panx1-mouse models to test pharmacological candidates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luke S. Dunaway
- Robert M. Berne Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA 22903
| | - Marie Billaud
- Department of Surgery, Division of Thoracic and Cardiac Surgery, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston MA, 02115
| | - Edgar Macal
- Robert M. Berne Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA 22903
| | - Miranda E. Good
- Molecular Cardiology Research Institute, Tufts Medical Center, Boston MA 02111
| | - Christopher B. Medina
- Center for Cell Clearance, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA 22903
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Cancer Biology, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA 22903
| | - Ulrike Lorenz
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Cancer Biology, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA 22903
- Carter Immunology Center, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA 22908
| | - Kodi Ravichandran
- Carter Immunology Center, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA 22908
- Department of Pathology & Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO
| | - Michael Koval
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322
- Department of Cell Biology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322
| | - Brant E Isakson
- Robert M. Berne Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA 22903
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA 22903
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8
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Hypertensive Nephropathy: Unveiling the Possible Involvement of Hemichannels and Pannexons. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232415936. [PMID: 36555574 PMCID: PMC9785367 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232415936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2022] [Revised: 12/09/2022] [Accepted: 12/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Hypertension is one of the most common risk factors for developing chronic cardiovascular diseases, including hypertensive nephropathy. Within the glomerulus, hypertension causes damage and activation of mesangial cells (MCs), eliciting the production of large amounts of vasoactive and proinflammatory agents. Accordingly, the activation of AT1 receptors by the vasoactive molecule angiotensin II (AngII) contributes to the pathogenesis of renal damage, which is mediated mostly by the dysfunction of intracellular Ca2+ ([Ca2+]i) signaling. Similarly, inflammation entails complex processes, where [Ca2+]i also play crucial roles. Deregulation of this second messenger increases cell damage and promotes fibrosis, reduces renal blood flow, and impairs the glomerular filtration barrier. In vertebrates, [Ca2+]i signaling depends, in part, on the activity of two families of large-pore channels: hemichannels and pannexons. Interestingly, the opening of these channels depends on [Ca2+]i signaling. In this review, we propose that the opening of channels formed by connexins and/or pannexins mediated by AngII induces the ATP release to the extracellular media, with the subsequent activation of purinergic receptors. This process could elicit Ca2+ overload and constitute a feed-forward mechanism, leading to kidney damage.
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9
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Wakefield B, Penuela S. Potential Implications of Exercise Training on Pannexin Expression and Function. J Vasc Res 2022; 60:114-124. [PMID: 36366809 DOI: 10.1159/000527240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2022] [Accepted: 09/14/2022] [Indexed: 09/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Pannexins (PANX1, 2, 3) are channel-forming glycoproteins that are expressed throughout the cardiovascular and musculoskeletal system. The canonical function of these proteins is to release nucleotides that act as purinergic signalling at the cell membrane or Ca2+ channels at the endoplasmic reticulum membrane. These two forms of signalling are essential for autocrine and paracrine signalling in health, and alterations in this signalling have been implicated in the pathogenesis of many diseases. Many musculoskeletal and cardiovascular diseases are largely the result of a lack of physical activity which causes altered gene expression. Considering exercise training has been shown to alter a wide array of gene expression in musculoskeletal tissues, understanding the interaction between exercise training, gene function and expression in relevant diseases is warranted. With regards to pannexins, multiple publications have shown that exercise training can influence pannexin expression and may influence the significance of its function in certain diseases. This review further discusses the potential interaction between exercise training and pannexin biology in relevant tissues and disease models. We propose that exercise training in relevant animal and human models will provide a more comprehensive understanding of the implications of pannexin biology in disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brent Wakefield
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
- Western's Bone and Joint Institute, The Dr. Sandy Kirkley Centre for Musculoskeletal Research, University Hospital, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Silvia Penuela
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
- Western's Bone and Joint Institute, The Dr. Sandy Kirkley Centre for Musculoskeletal Research, University Hospital, London, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Oncology, Division of Experimental Oncology, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
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10
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King DR, Sedovy MW, Eaton X, Dunaway LS, Good ME, Isakson BE, Johnstone SR. Cell-To-Cell Communication in the Resistance Vasculature. Compr Physiol 2022; 12:3833-3867. [PMID: 35959755 DOI: 10.1002/cphy.c210040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
The arterial vasculature can be divided into large conduit arteries, intermediate contractile arteries, resistance arteries, arterioles, and capillaries. Resistance arteries and arterioles primarily function to control systemic blood pressure. The resistance arteries are composed of a layer of endothelial cells oriented parallel to the direction of blood flow, which are separated by a matrix layer termed the internal elastic lamina from several layers of smooth muscle cells oriented perpendicular to the direction of blood flow. Cells within the vessel walls communicate in a homocellular and heterocellular fashion to govern luminal diameter, arterial resistance, and blood pressure. At rest, potassium currents govern the basal state of endothelial and smooth muscle cells. Multiple stimuli can elicit rises in intracellular calcium levels in either endothelial cells or smooth muscle cells, sourced from intracellular stores such as the endoplasmic reticulum or the extracellular space. In general, activation of endothelial cells results in the production of a vasodilatory signal, usually in the form of nitric oxide or endothelial-derived hyperpolarization. Conversely, activation of smooth muscle cells results in a vasoconstriction response through smooth muscle cell contraction. © 2022 American Physiological Society. Compr Physiol 12: 1-35, 2022.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Ryan King
- Fralin Biomedical Research Institute at Virginia Tech Carilion, Center for Vascular and Heart Research, Virginia Tech, Roanoke, Virginia, USA
| | - Meghan W Sedovy
- Fralin Biomedical Research Institute at Virginia Tech Carilion, Center for Vascular and Heart Research, Virginia Tech, Roanoke, Virginia, USA.,Translational Biology, Medicine, and Health Graduate Program, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia, USA
| | - Xinyan Eaton
- Fralin Biomedical Research Institute at Virginia Tech Carilion, Center for Vascular and Heart Research, Virginia Tech, Roanoke, Virginia, USA
| | - Luke S Dunaway
- Robert M. Berne Cardiovascular Research Centre, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA
| | - Miranda E Good
- Molecular Cardiology Research Institute, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Brant E Isakson
- Robert M. Berne Cardiovascular Research Centre, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA.,Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA
| | - Scott R Johnstone
- Fralin Biomedical Research Institute at Virginia Tech Carilion, Center for Vascular and Heart Research, Virginia Tech, Roanoke, Virginia, USA.,Department of Biological Sciences, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia, USA
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11
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Burboa PC, Puebla M, Gaete PS, Durán WN, Lillo MA. Connexin and Pannexin Large-Pore Channels in Microcirculation and Neurovascular Coupling Function. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23137303. [PMID: 35806312 PMCID: PMC9266979 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23137303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2022] [Revised: 06/27/2022] [Accepted: 06/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Microcirculation homeostasis depends on several channels permeable to ions and/or small molecules that facilitate the regulation of the vasomotor tone, hyperpermeability, the blood–brain barrier, and the neurovascular coupling function. Connexin (Cxs) and Pannexin (Panxs) large-pore channel proteins are implicated in several aspects of vascular physiology. The permeation of ions (i.e., Ca2+) and key metabolites (ATP, prostaglandins, D-serine, etc.) through Cxs (i.e., gap junction channels or hemichannels) and Panxs proteins plays a vital role in intercellular communication and maintaining vascular homeostasis. Therefore, dysregulation or genetic pathologies associated with these channels promote deleterious tissue consequences. This review provides an overview of current knowledge concerning the physiological role of these large-pore molecule channels in microcirculation (arterioles, capillaries, venules) and in the neurovascular coupling function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pía C. Burboa
- Department of Pharmacology, Physiology and Neuroscience, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers University, 185 South Orange Avenue, Newark, NJ 07103, USA; (P.C.B.); (W.N.D.)
- Departamento de Morfología y Función, Facultad de Salud y Ciencias Sociales, Sede Santiago Centro, Universidad de las Américas, Avenue República 71, Santiago 8370040, Chile;
| | - Mariela Puebla
- Departamento de Morfología y Función, Facultad de Salud y Ciencias Sociales, Sede Santiago Centro, Universidad de las Américas, Avenue República 71, Santiago 8370040, Chile;
| | - Pablo S. Gaete
- Department of Physiology and Membrane Biology, University of California at Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA;
| | - Walter N. Durán
- Department of Pharmacology, Physiology and Neuroscience, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers University, 185 South Orange Avenue, Newark, NJ 07103, USA; (P.C.B.); (W.N.D.)
- Rutgers School of Graduate Studies, 185 South Orange Avenue, Newark, NJ 07103, USA
| | - Mauricio A. Lillo
- Department of Pharmacology, Physiology and Neuroscience, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers University, 185 South Orange Avenue, Newark, NJ 07103, USA; (P.C.B.); (W.N.D.)
- Correspondence:
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12
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Blocking connexin 43 and its promotion of ATP release from renal tubular epithelial cells ameliorates renal fibrosis. Cell Death Dis 2022; 13:511. [PMID: 35641484 PMCID: PMC9156700 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-022-04910-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2021] [Revised: 04/26/2022] [Accepted: 05/03/2022] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Whether metabolites derived from injured renal tubular epithelial cells (TECs) participate in renal fibrosis is poorly explored. After TEC injury, various metabolites are released and among the most potent is adenosine triphosphate (ATP), which is released via ATP-permeable channels. In these hemichannels, connexin 43 (Cx43) is the most common member. However, its role in renal interstitial fibrosis (RIF) has not been fully examined. We analyzed renal samples from patients with obstructive nephropathy and mice with unilateral ureteral obstruction (UUO). Cx43-KSP mice were generated to deplete Cx43 in TECs. Through transcriptomics, metabolomics, and single-cell sequencing multi-omics analysis, the relationship among tubular Cx43, ATP, and macrophages in renal fibrosis was explored. The expression of Cx43 in TECs was upregulated in both patients and mice with obstructive nephropathy. Knockdown of Cx43 in TECs or using Cx43-specific inhibitors reduced UUO-induced inflammation and fibrosis in mice. Single-cell RNA sequencing showed that ATP specific receptors, including P2rx4 and P2rx7, were distributed mainly on macrophages. We found that P2rx4- or P2rx7-positive macrophages underwent pyroptosis after UUO, and in vitro ATP directly induced pyroptosis by macrophages. The administration of P2 receptor or P2X7 receptor blockers to UUO mice inhibited macrophage pyroptosis and demonstrated a similar degree of renoprotection as Cx43 genetic depletion. Further, we found that GAP 26 (a Cx43 hemichannel inhibitor) and A-839977 (an inhibitor of the pyroptosis receptor) alleviated UUO-induced fibrosis, while BzATP (the agonist of pyroptosis receptor) exacerbated fibrosis. Single-cell sequencing demonstrated that the pyroptotic macrophages upregulated the release of CXCL10, which activated intrarenal fibroblasts. Cx43 mediates the release of ATP from TECs during renal injury, inducing peritubular macrophage pyroptosis, which subsequently leads to the release of CXCL10 and activation of intrarenal fibroblasts and acceleration of renal fibrosis.
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13
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Expression of Pannexin 1 in the Human Kidney during Embryonal, Early Fetal and Postnatal Development and Its Prognostic Significance in Diabetic Nephropathy. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10050944. [PMID: 35625681 PMCID: PMC9139113 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10050944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2022] [Revised: 03/31/2022] [Accepted: 04/19/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Pannexins are transmembrane glycoproteins that constitute channels involved in purinergic signaling through ATP release from cells in various physiological and pathological processes. In this study, the distribution of Panx1 expression in different cell populations of healthy postnatal human kidneys and during human embryonic and early fetal development was investigated by double immunohistochemistry. In addition, the glomerular and tubular expression of Panx1 was examined in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM2) and the control group, and renal Panx1 expression was correlated with serum creatinine. In the 6th week of embryonic development (DW), Panx1 expression was found in mesonephric glomeruli and mesonephric tubules. At the transition from 6th to 7th DW, Panx1 immunoreactivity was found in the mesonephric tubules and mesonephric duct, as well as in the metanephric ureteric bud and ampullae. In the 7th DW, strong Panx1 immunoreactivity was observed in the developing ureteric bud in the metanephros, whereas no Panx1 immunoreactivity was found in the metanephric cup. In the 8th DW, Panx1 expression was also found in the ureteric bud of the metanephros, the renal vesicle and comma-shaped nephron, and the epithelial cells of Bowman’s capsule. Expression of Panx1 was found at an early stage in both the paramesonephric duct and the mesonephric duct and diminished toward the 8th DW. During the 6th–10th DW, colocalization of Panx1 with alpha smooth actin (aSMA) was found in developing blood vessels. In the postnatal kidney, strong Panx1 immunoreactivity was present in medullary and cortical collecting duct cells, renin-producing cells, and proximal tubules. Very weak Panx1 immunoreactivity was found in certain distal tubule cells and the thin descending limbs of the loop of Henle. Panx1 immunoreactivity was also found in nephrin-immunoreactive podocytes. Panx1 was not colocalized with aSMA immunoreactivity in the vessels of the postnatal human kidney, but it was present in the endothelium. A significant positive correlation was found between Panx1 expression in glomeruli and serum creatinine only in diabetic patients and was not found in the nondiabetic group. The spatiotemporal expression of Panx1 during the early stages of human kidney development supports its possible role in cellular differentiation, migration, and positioning in the developing human kidney. In addition, our data suggest that glomerular Panx1 expression is a potential indicator of worsening renal function in patients with type 2 diabetes.
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14
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Filiberto AC, Spinosa MD, Elder CT, Su G, Leroy V, Ladd Z, Lu G, Mehaffey JH, Salmon MD, Hawkins RB, Ravichandran KS, Isakson BE, Upchurch GR, Sharma AK. Endothelial pannexin-1 channels modulate macrophage and smooth muscle cell activation in abdominal aortic aneurysm formation. Nat Commun 2022; 13:1521. [PMID: 35315432 PMCID: PMC8938517 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-29233-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2021] [Accepted: 03/07/2022] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Pannexin-1 (Panx1) channels have been shown to regulate leukocyte trafficking and tissue inflammation but the mechanism of Panx1 in chronic vascular diseases like abdominal aortic aneurysms (AAA) is unknown. Here we demonstrate that Panx1 on endothelial cells, but not smooth muscle cells, orchestrate a cascade of signaling events to mediate vascular inflammation and remodeling. Mechanistically, Panx1 on endothelial cells acts as a conduit for ATP release that stimulates macrophage activation via P2X7 receptors and mitochondrial DNA release to increase IL-1β and HMGB1 secretion. Secondly, Panx1 signaling regulates smooth muscle cell-dependent intracellular Ca2+ release and vascular remodeling via P2Y2 receptors. Panx1 blockade using probenecid markedly inhibits leukocyte transmigration, aortic inflammation and remodeling to mitigate AAA formation. Panx1 expression is upregulated in human AAAs and retrospective clinical data demonstrated reduced mortality in aortic aneurysm patients treated with Panx1 inhibitors. Collectively, these data identify Panx1 signaling as a contributory mechanism of AAA formation. Pannexin-1 ion channels on endothelial cells regulate vascular inflammation and remodeling to mediate aortic aneurysm formation. Pharmacological blockade of Pannexin-1 channels may offer translational therapeutic mitigation of aneurysmal pathology.
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15
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Koval M, Cwiek A, Carr T, Good ME, Lohman AW, Isakson BE. Pannexin 1 as a driver of inflammation and ischemia-reperfusion injury. Purinergic Signal 2021; 17:521-531. [PMID: 34251590 PMCID: PMC8273370 DOI: 10.1007/s11302-021-09804-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2021] [Accepted: 06/24/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Pannexin 1 (Panx1) is a ubiquitously expressed protein forming large conductance channels that are central to many distinct inflammation and injury responses. There is accumulating evidence showing ATP released from Panx1 channels, as well as metabolites, provide effective paracrine and autocrine signaling molecules that regulate different elements of the injury response. As channels with a broad range of permselectivity, Panx1 channels mediate the secretion and uptake of multiple solutes, ranging from calcium to bacterial derived molecules. In this review, we describe how Panx1 functions in response to different pro-inflammatory stimuli, focusing mainly on signaling coordinated by the vasculature. How Panx1 mediates ATP release by injured cells is also discussed. The ability of Panx1 to serve as a central component of many diverse physiologic responses has proven to be critically dependent on the context of expression, post-translational modification, interacting partners, and the mode of stimulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Koval
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, 205 Whitehead Building, 615 Michael Street, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA.
- Department of Cell Biology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA.
| | - Aleksandra Cwiek
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA, 22908, USA
| | - Thomas Carr
- Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy, University of Calgary Cumming School of Medicine, Calgary, AB, Canada
- Hotchkiss Brain Institute and Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Miranda E Good
- Molecular Cardiology Research Institute, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Alexander W Lohman
- Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy, University of Calgary Cumming School of Medicine, Calgary, AB, Canada
- Hotchkiss Brain Institute and Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Brant E Isakson
- Robert M. Berne Cardiovascular Research Center, School of Medicine, University of Virginia, PO Box 801394, Charlottesville, VA, 22908, USA.
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA, 22908, USA.
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16
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O'Donnell BL, Penuela S. Pannexin 3 channels in health and disease. Purinergic Signal 2021; 17:577-589. [PMID: 34250568 DOI: 10.1007/s11302-021-09805-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2021] [Accepted: 06/30/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Pannexin 3 (PANX3) is a member of the pannexin family of single membrane channel-forming glycoproteins. Originally thought to have a limited localization in cartilage, bone, and skin, PANX3 has now been detected in a variety of other tissues including skeletal muscle, mammary glands, the male reproductive tract, the cochlea, blood vessels, small intestines, teeth, and the vomeronasal organ. In many cell types of the musculoskeletal system, such as osteoblasts, chondrocytes, and odontoblasts, PANX3 has been shown to regulate the balance of proliferation and differentiation. PANX3 can be induced during progenitor cell differentiation, functioning at the cell surface as a conduit for ATP and/or in the endoplasmic reticulum as a calcium leak channel. Evidence in osteoblasts and monocytes also highlight a role for PANX3 in purinergic signalling through its function as an ATP release channel. PANX3 is critical in the development and ageing of bone and cartilage, with its levels temporally regulated in other tissues such as skeletal muscle, skin, and the cochlea. In diseases such as osteoarthritis and intervertebral disc degeneration, PANX3 can have either protective or detrimental roles depending on if the disease is age-related or injury-induced. This review will discuss PANX3 function in tissue growth and regeneration, its role in cellular differentiation, and how it becomes dysregulated in disease conditions such as obesity, Duchenne's muscular dystrophy, osteosarcoma, and non-melanoma skin cancer, where most of the findings on PANX3 function can be attributed to the characterization of Panx3 KO mouse models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brooke L O'Donnell
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Western Ontario, London, ON, N6A 5C1, Canada
| | - Silvia Penuela
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Western Ontario, London, ON, N6A 5C1, Canada.
- Department of Oncology, Division of Experimental Oncology, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Western Ontario, London, ON, N6A 5C1, Canada.
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17
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Godo S, Suda A, Takahashi J, Yasuda S, Shimokawa H. Coronary Microvascular Dysfunction. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2021; 41:1625-1637. [PMID: 33761763 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.121.316025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
[Figure: see text].
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Affiliation(s)
- Shigeo Godo
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan (S.G., A.S., J.T., S.Y., H.S.)
| | - Akira Suda
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan (S.G., A.S., J.T., S.Y., H.S.)
| | - Jun Takahashi
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan (S.G., A.S., J.T., S.Y., H.S.)
| | - Satoshi Yasuda
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan (S.G., A.S., J.T., S.Y., H.S.)
| | - Hiroaki Shimokawa
- Graduate School, International University of Health and Welfare, Narita, Japan (H.S.)
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18
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Abstract
Renin cells are essential for survival perfected throughout evolution to ensure normal development and defend the organism against a variety of homeostatic threats. During embryonic and early postnatal life, they are progenitors that participate in the morphogenesis of the renal arterial tree. In adult life, they are capable of regenerating injured glomeruli, control blood pressure, fluid-electrolyte balance, tissue perfusion, and in turn, the delivery of oxygen and nutrients to cells. Throughout life, renin cell descendants retain the plasticity or memory to regain the renin phenotype when homeostasis is threatened. To perform all of these functions and maintain well-being, renin cells must regulate their identity and fate. Here, we review the major mechanisms that control the differentiation and fate of renin cells, the chromatin events that control the memory of the renin phenotype, and the major pathways that determine their plasticity. We also examine how chronic stimulation of renin cells alters their fate leading to the development of a severe and concentric hypertrophy of the intrarenal arteries and arterioles. Lastly, we provide examples of additional changes in renin cell fate that contribute to equally severe kidney disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Luisa S. Sequeira-Lopez
- Departments of Pediatrics an Biology, Child Health Research Center, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, Virginia
| | - R. Ariel Gomez
- Departments of Pediatrics an Biology, Child Health Research Center, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, Virginia
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19
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Kirby BS, Sparks MA, Lazarowski ER, Lopez Domowicz DA, Zhu H, McMahon TJ. Pannexin 1 channels control the hemodynamic response to hypoxia by regulating O 2-sensitive extracellular ATP in blood. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2021; 320:H1055-H1065. [PMID: 33449849 PMCID: PMC7988759 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00651.2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2020] [Revised: 01/07/2021] [Accepted: 01/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Pannexin 1 (Panx1) channels export ATP and may contribute to increased concentration of the vasodilator ATP in plasma during hypoxia in vivo. We hypothesized that Panx1 channels and associated ATP export contribute to hypoxic vasodilation, a mechanism that facilitates the matching of oxygen delivery to metabolic demand of tissue. Male and female mice devoid of Panx1 (Panx1-/-) and wild-type controls (WT) were anesthetized, mechanically ventilated, and instrumented with a carotid artery catheter or femoral artery flow transducer for hemodynamic and plasma ATP monitoring during inhalation of 21% (normoxia) or 10% oxygen (hypoxia). ATP export from WT vs. Panx1-/-erythrocytes (RBC) was determined ex vivo via tonometer experimentation across progressive deoxygenation. Mean arterial pressure (MAP) was similar in Panx1-/- (n = 6) and WT (n = 6) mice in normoxia, but the decrease in MAP in hypoxia seen in WT was attenuated in Panx1-/- mice (-16 ± 9% vs. -2 ± 8%; P < 0.05). Hindlimb blood flow (HBF) was significantly lower in Panx1-/- (n = 6) vs. WT (n = 6) basally, and increased in WT but not Panx1-/- mice during hypoxia (8 ± 6% vs. -10 ± 13%; P < 0.05). Estimation of hindlimb vascular conductance using data from the MAP and HBF experiments showed an average response of 28% for WT vs. -9% for Panx1-/- mice. Mean venous plasma ATP during hypoxia was 57% lower in Panx1-/- (n = 6) vs. WT mice (n = 6; P < 0.05). Mean hypoxia-induced ATP export from RBCs from Panx1-/- mice (n = 8) was 82% lower than that from WT (n = 8; P < 0.05). Panx1 channels participate in hemodynamic responses consistent with hypoxic vasodilation by regulating hypoxia-sensitive extracellular ATP levels in blood.NEW & NOTEWORTHY Export of vasodilator ATP from red blood cells requires pannexin 1. Blood plasma ATP elevations in response to hypoxia in mice require pannexin 1. Hemodynamic responses to hypoxia are accompanied by increased plasma ATP in mice in vivo and require pannexin 1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brett S Kirby
- Division of Hematology, Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Matthew A Sparks
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina
- Departments of Medicine and Research and Development, Durham Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Eduardo R Lazarowski
- Department of Medicine, Marsico Lung Institute/UNC Cystic Fibrosis Research Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Denise A Lopez Domowicz
- Division of Critical Care Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Hongmei Zhu
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Timothy J McMahon
- Department of Medicine, Marsico Lung Institute/UNC Cystic Fibrosis Research Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina
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20
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Lillo MA, Gaete PS, Puebla M, Burboa PC, Poblete I, Figueroa XF. Novel Pannexin-1-Coupled Signaling Cascade Involved in the Control of Endothelial Cell Function and NO-Dependent Relaxation. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2021; 2021:2678134. [PMID: 33688389 PMCID: PMC7914086 DOI: 10.1155/2021/2678134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2020] [Revised: 01/03/2021] [Accepted: 01/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Deletion of pannexin-1 (Panx-1) leads not only to a reduction in endothelium-derived hyperpolarization but also to an increase in NO-mediated vasodilation. Therefore, we evaluated the participation of Panx-1-formed channels in the control of membrane potential and [Ca2+]i of endothelial cells. Changes in NO-mediated vasodilation, membrane potential, superoxide anion (O2 ·-) formation, and endothelial cell [Ca2+]i were analyzed in rat isolated mesenteric arterial beds and primary cultures of mesenteric endothelial cells. Inhibition of Panx-1 channels with probenecid (1 mM) or the Panx-1 blocking peptide 10Panx (60 μM) evoked an increase in the ACh (100 nM)-induced vasodilation of KCl-contracted mesenteries and in the phosphorylation level of endothelial NO synthase (eNOS) at serine 1177 (P-eNOSS1177) and Akt at serine 473 (P-AktS473). In addition, probenecid or 10Panx application activated a rapid, tetrodotoxin (TTX, 300 nM)-sensitive, membrane potential depolarization and [Ca2+]i increase in endothelial cells. Interestingly, the endothelial cell depolarization was converted into a transient spike after removing Ca2+ ions from the buffer solution and in the presence of 100 μM mibefradil or 10 μM Ni2+. As expected, Ni2+ also abolished the increment in [Ca2+]i. Expression of Nav1.2, Nav1.6, and Cav3.2 isoforms of voltage-dependent Na+ and Ca2+ channels was confirmed by immunocytochemistry. Furthermore, the Panx-1 channel blockade was associated with an increase in O2 ·- production. Treatment with 10 μM TEMPOL or 100 μM apocynin prevented the increase in O2 ·- formation, ACh-induced vasodilation, P-eNOSS1177, and P-AktS473 observed in response to Panx-1 inhibition. These findings indicate that the Panx-1 channel blockade triggers a novel complex signaling pathway initiated by the sequential activation of TTX-sensitive Nav channels and Cav3.2 channels, leading to an increase in NO-mediated vasodilation through a NADPH oxidase-dependent P-eNOSS1177, which suggests that Panx-1 may be involved in the endothelium-dependent control of arterial blood pressure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mauricio A. Lillo
- Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago 8330025, Chile
| | - Pablo S. Gaete
- Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago 8330025, Chile
| | - Mariela Puebla
- Centro de Fisiología Celular e Integrativa, Facultad de Medicina-Clínica Alemana, Universidad del Desarrollo, Santiago, Chile
| | - Pía C. Burboa
- Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago 8330025, Chile
| | - Inés Poblete
- Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago 8330025, Chile
| | - Xavier F. Figueroa
- Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago 8330025, Chile
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21
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Lamb IR, Novielli-Kuntz NM, Murrant CL. Capillaries communicate with the arteriolar microvascular network by a pannexin/purinergic-dependent pathway in hamster skeletal muscle. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2021; 320:H1699-H1711. [PMID: 33606585 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00493.2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
We sought to determine if a pannexin/purinergic-dependent intravascular communication pathway exists in skeletal muscle microvasculature that facilitates capillary communication with upstream arterioles that control their perfusion. Using the hamster cremaster muscle and intravital microscopy, we locally stimulated capillaries and observed the vasodilatory response in the associated upstream 4A arteriole. We stimulated capillaries with vasodilators relevant to muscle contraction: 10-6 M S-nitroso-N-acetyl-dl-penicillamine (SNAP; nitric oxide donor), 10-6 M adenosine, 10 mM potassium chloride, 10-5 M pinacidil, as well as a known initiator of gap-junction-dependent intravascular communication, acetylcholine (10-5 M), in the absence and the presence of the purinergic membrane receptor blocker suramin (10-5 M), pannexin blocker mefloquine (2 × 10-5 M), or probenecid (5 × 10-6 M) and gap-junction inhibitor halothane (0.07%) applied in the transmission pathway, between the capillary stimulation site and the upstream 4A observation site. Potassium chloride, SNAP, and adenosine-induced upstream vasodilations were significantly inhibited by suramin, mefloquine, and probenecid but not halothane, indicating the involvement of a pannexin/purinergic-dependent signaling pathway. Conversely, SNAP-induced upstream vasodilation was only inhibited by halothane indicating that communication was facilitated by gap junctions. Both pinacidil and acetylcholine were inhibited by suramin but only acetylcholine was inhibited by halothane. These data demonstrate the presence of a pannexin/purinergic-dependent communication pathway between capillaries and upstream arterioles controlling their perfusion. This pathway adds to the gap-junction-dependent pathway that exists at this vascular level as well. Given that vasodilators relevant to muscle contraction can use both of these pathways, our data implicate the involvement of both pathways in the coordination of skeletal muscle blood flow.NEW & NOTEWORTHY Blood flow control during increased metabolic demand in skeletal muscle is not fully understood. Capillaries have been implicated in controlling blood flow to active skeletal muscle, but how capillaries communicate to the arteriolar vascular network is not clear. Our study uncovers a novel pathway through which capillaries can communicate to upstream arterioles to cause vasodilation and therefore control perfusion. This work implicates a new vascular communication pathway in blood flow control in skeletal muscle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iain R Lamb
- Department of Human Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
| | - Nicole M Novielli-Kuntz
- Department of Human Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
| | - Coral L Murrant
- Department of Human Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
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22
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DeLalio LJ, Masati E, Mendu S, Ruddiman CA, Yang Y, Johnstone SR, Milstein JA, Keller TCS, Weaver RB, Guagliardo NA, Best AK, Ravichandran KS, Bayliss DA, Sequeira-Lopez MLS, Sonkusare SN, Shu XH, Desai B, Barrett PQ, Le TH, Gomez RA, Isakson BE. Pannexin 1 channels in renin-expressing cells influence renin secretion and blood pressure homeostasis. Kidney Int 2020; 98:630-644. [PMID: 32446934 PMCID: PMC7483468 DOI: 10.1016/j.kint.2020.04.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2019] [Revised: 03/29/2020] [Accepted: 04/02/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Kidney function and blood pressure homeostasis are regulated by purinergic signaling mechanisms. These autocrine/paracrine signaling pathways are initiated by the release of cellular ATP, which influences kidney hemodynamics and steady-state renin secretion from juxtaglomerular cells. However, the mechanism responsible for ATP release that supports tonic inputs to juxtaglomerular cells and regulates renin secretion remains unclear. Pannexin 1 (Panx1) channels localize to both afferent arterioles and juxtaglomerular cells and provide a transmembrane conduit for ATP release and ion permeability in the kidney and the vasculature. We hypothesized that Panx1 channels in renin-expressing cells regulate renin secretion in vivo. Using a renin cell-specific Panx1 knockout model, we found that male Panx1 deficient mice exhibiting a heightened activation of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system have markedly increased plasma renin and aldosterone concentrations, and elevated mean arterial pressure with altered peripheral hemodynamics. Following ovariectomy, female mice mirrored the male phenotype. Furthermore, constitutive Panx1 channel activity was observed in As4.1 renin-secreting cells, whereby Panx1 knockdown reduced extracellular ATP accumulation, lowered basal intracellular calcium concentrations and recapitulated a hyper-secretory renin phenotype. Moreover, in response to stress stimuli that lower blood pressure, Panx1-deficient mice exhibited aberrant "renin recruitment" as evidenced by reactivation of renin expression in pre-glomerular arteriolar smooth muscle cells. Thus, renin-cell Panx1 channels suppress renin secretion and influence adaptive renin responses when blood pressure homeostasis is threatened.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leon J DeLalio
- Robert M. Berne Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA; Department of Pharmacology, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA
| | - Ester Masati
- Robert M. Berne Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA
| | - Suresh Mendu
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA
| | - Claire A Ruddiman
- Robert M. Berne Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA; Department of Pharmacology, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA
| | - Yang Yang
- Robert M. Berne Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA; Department of Pharmacology, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Scott R Johnstone
- Robert M. Berne Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA
| | - Jenna A Milstein
- Robert M. Berne Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA
| | - T C Stevenson Keller
- Robert M. Berne Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA; Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA
| | - Rachel B Weaver
- Robert M. Berne Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA
| | - Nick A Guagliardo
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA
| | - Angela K Best
- Robert M. Berne Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA
| | - Kodi S Ravichandran
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Cancer, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA
| | - Douglas A Bayliss
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA
| | - Maria Luisa S Sequeira-Lopez
- Pediatric Center of Excellence in Nephrology, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA
| | - Swapnil N Sonkusare
- Robert M. Berne Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA; Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA
| | - Xiaohong H Shu
- Department of Pharmacology, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Bimal Desai
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA
| | - Paula Q Barrett
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA
| | - Thu H Le
- Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, New York, USA
| | - R Ariel Gomez
- Pediatric Center of Excellence in Nephrology, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA
| | - Brant E Isakson
- Robert M. Berne Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA; Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA.
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23
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Abstract
Of the 21 members of the connexin family, 4 (Cx37, Cx40, Cx43, and Cx45) are expressed in the endothelium and/or smooth muscle of intact blood vessels to a variable and dynamically regulated degree. Full-length connexins oligomerize and form channel structures connecting the cytosol of adjacent cells (gap junctions) or the cytosol with the extracellular space (hemichannels). The different connexins vary mainly with regard to length and sequence of their cytosolic COOH-terminal tails. These COOH-terminal parts, which in the case of Cx43 are also translated as independent short isoforms, are involved in various cellular signaling cascades and regulate cell functions. This review focuses on channel-dependent and -independent effects of connexins in vascular cells. Channels play an essential role in coordinating and synchronizing endothelial and smooth muscle activity and in their interplay, in the control of vasomotor actions of blood vessels including endothelial cell reactivity to agonist stimulation, nitric oxide-dependent dilation, and endothelial-derived hyperpolarizing factor-type responses. Further channel-dependent and -independent roles of connexins in blood vessel function range from basic processes of vascular remodeling and angiogenesis to vascular permeability and interactions with leukocytes with the vessel wall. Together, these connexin functions constitute an often underestimated basis for the enormous plasticity of vascular morphology and function enabling the required dynamic adaptation of the vascular system to varying tissue demands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ulrich Pohl
- Walter-Brendel-Centre of Experimental Medicine, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Planegg-Martinsried, Germany; Biomedical Centre, Cardiovascular Physiology, LMU Munich, Planegg-Martinsried, Germany; German Centre for Cardiovascular Research, Partner Site Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, Germany; and Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy), Munich, Germany
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24
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Swayne LA, Johnstone SR, Ng CS, Sanchez-Arias JC, Good ME, Penuela S, Lohman AW, Wolpe AG, Laubach VE, Koval M, Isakson BE. Consideration of Pannexin 1 channels in COVID-19 pathology and treatment. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2020; 319:L121-L125. [PMID: 32519892 PMCID: PMC7347959 DOI: 10.1152/ajplung.00146.2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Leigh Anne Swayne
- Division of Medical Sciences, University of Victoria, Victoria, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Scott R Johnstone
- Fralin Biomedical Research Institute at Virginia Tech Carilion Center for Heart and Reparative Medicine Research, Virginia Tech, Roanoke, Virginia.,Department of Biological Sciences, Virginia Tech, Roanoke, Virginia
| | - Chen Seng Ng
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada.,Centre for Heart Lung Innovation, St. Paul's Hospital, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Juan C Sanchez-Arias
- Division of Medical Sciences, University of Victoria, Victoria, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Miranda E Good
- Molecular Cardiology Research Institute, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Silvia Penuela
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Alexander W Lohman
- Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada.,Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Abigail G Wolpe
- Robert M. Berne Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, Virginia.,Department of Cell Biology, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, Virginia
| | - Victor E Laubach
- Department of Surgery, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, Virginia.,Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, Virginia
| | - Michael Koval
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Brant E Isakson
- Robert M. Berne Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, Virginia.,Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, Virginia
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25
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Yorgan TA, Peters S, Amling M, Schinke T. Osteoblast-specific expression of Panx3 is dispensable for postnatal bone remodeling. Bone 2019; 127:155-163. [PMID: 31202927 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2019.06.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2019] [Revised: 06/07/2019] [Accepted: 06/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Since cost-effective osteoanabolic treatment options remain to be established, it is relevant to identify specific molecules physiologically regulating osteoblast differentiation and/or activity that are principally accessible as drug targets. Specific or predominant gene expression in a given cell type often predicts a relevant function in the respective tissue. Thus, we aimed to identify genes encoding membrane-associated proteins with selective expression in differentiated osteoblasts. We therefore applied an unbiased approach, i.e. Affymetrix Gene Chip hybridization, to compare global gene expression in primary murine osteoblasts at two stages of differentiation. For the most strongly induced genes we analyzed their expression pattern in different tissues, which led us to identify known and unknown osteoblast differentiation markers with predominant expression in bone. One of these genes was Panx3, encoding a transmembrane hemichannel with ill-defined function in skeletal remodeling. To decipher the role of Panx3 in osteoblasts we first generated Panx3-fl/fl mice carrying a Runx2-Cre transgene. Using undecalcified histology followed by bone-specific histomorphometry we did not observe any significant difference between 24 weeks old Cre-negative and Cre-positive littermates. We additionally generated and analyzed mice with ubiquitous Panx3 deletion, where a delay of endochondral ossification did not translate into a detectable skeletal phenotype after weaning, possibly explained by compensatory induction of Panx1. Of note, newborn Panx3-deficient mice displayed significantly reduced serum glucose levels, which was not the case in older animals. Our findings demonstrate that Panx3 expression in osteoblasts is not required for postnatal bone remodeling, which essentially rules out its suitability as a target protein for osteoanabolic medication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timur A Yorgan
- Department of Osteology and Biomechanics, University Medical Center Hamburg Eppendorf, Hamburg 20246, Germany
| | - Stephanie Peters
- Department of Osteology and Biomechanics, University Medical Center Hamburg Eppendorf, Hamburg 20246, Germany
| | - Michael Amling
- Department of Osteology and Biomechanics, University Medical Center Hamburg Eppendorf, Hamburg 20246, Germany
| | - Thorsten Schinke
- Department of Osteology and Biomechanics, University Medical Center Hamburg Eppendorf, Hamburg 20246, Germany.
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26
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Poudel N, Okusa MD. Pannexins in Acute Kidney Injury. Nephron Clin Pract 2019; 143:158-161. [PMID: 31242494 DOI: 10.1159/000501278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2019] [Accepted: 06/03/2019] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Acute kidney injury (AKI) is highly prevalent among hospitalized patients and is associated with serious consequences with limited pharmacological treatment options. Pannexin 1 (Panx1) channel is a ubiquitously expressed nonselective membrane transport channel that efficiently effluxes ATP and plays a central role in the progression of inflammatory diseases. Animal models that target Panx1 through pharmacological inhibition or genetic deficiency have better outcomes in minimizing inflammation and associated pathology. Given the involvement of Panx1 at multiple steps of -inflammatory pathology, Panx1 could be a potential therapeutic target in the treatment of AKI. Further research is needed in elaborating the mechanisms and identifying Panx1-specific inhibitor molecules to better understand the role of Panx1 in AKI pathology arising due to diverse insults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nabin Poudel
- Division of Nephrology and Center for Immunity, Inflammation, and Regenerative Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Virginia Health System, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA
| | - Mark D Okusa
- Division of Nephrology and Center for Immunity, Inflammation, and Regenerative Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Virginia Health System, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA,
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27
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CGRP signalling inhibits NO production through pannexin-1 channel activation in endothelial cells. Sci Rep 2019; 9:7932. [PMID: 31138827 PMCID: PMC6538758 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-44333-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2018] [Accepted: 05/13/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Blood flow distribution relies on precise coordinated control of vasomotor tone of resistance arteries by complex signalling interactions between perivascular nerves and endothelial cells. Sympathetic nerves are vasoconstrictors, whereas endothelium-dependent NO production provides a vasodilator component. In addition, resistance vessels are also innervated by sensory nerves, which are activated during inflammation and cause vasodilation by the release of calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP). Inflammation leads to superoxide anion (O2• -) formation and endothelial dysfunction, but the involvement of CGRP in this process has not been evaluated. Here we show a novel mechanistic relation between perivascular sensory nerve-derived CGRP and the development of endothelial dysfunction. CGRP receptor stimulation leads to pannexin-1-formed channel opening and the subsequent O2• --dependent connexin-based hemichannel activation in endothelial cells. The prolonged opening of these channels results in a progressive inhibition of NO production. These findings provide new therapeutic targets for the treatment of the inflammation-initiated endothelial dysfunction.
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28
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Double deletion of Panx1 and Panx3 affects skin and bone but not hearing. J Mol Med (Berl) 2019; 97:723-736. [PMID: 30918989 DOI: 10.1007/s00109-019-01779-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2018] [Revised: 03/11/2019] [Accepted: 03/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Pannexins (Panxs), large-pore channel forming glycoproteins, are expressed in a wide variety of tissues including the skin, bone, and cochlea. To date, the use of single knock-out mouse models of both Panx1 and Panx3 have demonstrated their roles in skin development, bone formation, and auditory phenotypes. Due to sequence homology between Panx1 and Panx3, when one Panx is ablated from germline, the other may be upregulated in a compensatory mechanism to maintain tissue homeostasis and function. To evaluate the roles of Panx1 and Panx3 in the skin, bone, and cochlea, we created the first Panx1/Panx3 double knock-out mouse model (dKO). These mice had smaller litters and reduced body weight compared to wildtype controls. The dKO dorsal skin had decreased epidermal and dermal area as well as decreased hypodermal area in neonatal but not in older mice. In addition, mouse skull shape and size were altered, and long bone length was decreased in neonatal dKO mice. Finally, auditory tests revealed that dKO mice did not exhibit hearing loss and were even slightly protected against noise-induced hearing damage at mid-frequency regions. Taken together, our findings suggest that Panx1 and Panx3 are important at early stages of development in the skin and bone but may be redundant in the auditory system. KEY MESSAGES: Panx double KO mice had smaller litters and reduced body weight. dKO skin had decreased epidermal and dermal area in neonatal mice. Skull shape and size changed plus long bone length decreased in neonatal dKO mice. dKO had no hearing loss and were slightly protected against noise-induced damage.
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29
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Novielli-Kuntz NM, Jelen M, Barr K, DeLalio LJ, Feng Q, Isakson BE, Gros R, Laird DW. Ablation of both Cx40 and Panx1 results in similar cardiovascular phenotypes exhibited in Cx40 knockout mice. Biosci Rep 2019; 39:BSR20182350. [PMID: 30745457 PMCID: PMC6393227 DOI: 10.1042/bsr20182350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2018] [Revised: 01/10/2019] [Accepted: 02/05/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Connexins (Cxs) and pannexins (Panxs) are highly regulated large-pore channel-forming proteins that participate in cellular communication via small molecular exchange with the extracellular microenvironment, or in the case of connexins, directly between cells. Given the putative functional overlap between single membrane-spanning connexin hemichannels and Panx channels, and cardiovascular system prevalence, we generated the first Cx40-/-Panx1-/- mouse with the anticipation that this genetic modification would lead to a severe cardiovascular phenotype. Mice null for both Cx40 and Panx1 produced litter sizes and adult growth progression similar to wild-type (WT), Cx40-/- and Panx1-/- mice. Akin to Cx40-/- mice, Cx40-/-Panx1-/- mice exhibited cardiac hypertrophy and elevated systolic, diastolic, and mean arterial blood pressure compared with WT and Panx1-/- mice; however assessment of left ventricular ejection fraction and fractional shortening revealed no evidence of cardiac dysfunction between groups. Furthermore, Cx40-/-, Panx1-/-, and Cx40-/-Panx1-/- mice demonstrated impaired endothelial-mediated vasodilation of aortic segments to increasing concentrations of methacholine (MCh) compared with WT, highlighting roles for both Cx40 and Panx1 in vascular endothelial cell (EC) function. Surprisingly, elevated kidney renin mRNA expression, plasma renin activity, and extraglomerular renin-producing cell populations found in Cx40-/- mice was further exaggerated in double knockout mice. Thus, while gestation and gross development were conserved in Cx40-/-Panx1-/- mice, they exhibit cardiac hypertrophy, hypertension, and impaired endothelial-mediated vasodilation that phenocopies Cx40-/- mice. Nevertheless, the augmented renin homeostasis observed in the double knockout mice suggests that both Cx40 and Panx1 may play an integrative role.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Meghan Jelen
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Western Ontario, London, Canada
| | - Kevin Barr
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Western Ontario, London, Canada
| | - Leon J DeLalio
- Robert M. Berne Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA, U.S.A
| | - Qingping Feng
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology London, ON, Canada
| | - Brant E Isakson
- Robert M. Berne Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA, U.S.A
| | - Robert Gros
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology London, ON, Canada
- Robarts Research Institute, Schulich School of Medicine & Dentistry, University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada
| | - Dale W Laird
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Western Ontario, London, Canada
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology London, ON, Canada
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30
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DeLalio LJ, Billaud M, Ruddiman CA, Johnstone SR, Butcher JT, Wolpe AG, Jin X, Keller TCS, Keller AS, Rivière T, Good ME, Best AK, Lohman AW, Swayne LA, Penuela S, Thompson RJ, Lampe PD, Yeager M, Isakson BE. Constitutive SRC-mediated phosphorylation of pannexin 1 at tyrosine 198 occurs at the plasma membrane. J Biol Chem 2019; 294:6940-6956. [PMID: 30814251 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra118.006982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2018] [Revised: 02/15/2019] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Pannexin 1 (PANX1)-mediated ATP release in vascular smooth muscle coordinates α1-adrenergic receptor (α1-AR) vasoconstriction and blood pressure homeostasis. We recently identified amino acids 198-200 (YLK) on the PANX1 intracellular loop that are critical for α1-AR-mediated vasoconstriction and PANX1 channel function. We report herein that the YLK motif is contained within an SRC homology 2 domain and is directly phosphorylated by SRC proto-oncogene, nonreceptor tyrosine kinase (SRC) at Tyr198 We demonstrate that PANX1-mediated ATP release occurs independently of intracellular calcium but is sensitive to SRC family kinase (SFK) inhibition, suggestive of channel regulation by tyrosine phosphorylation. Using a PANX1 Tyr198-specific antibody, SFK inhibitors, SRC knockdown, temperature-dependent SRC cells, and kinase assays, we found that PANX1-mediated ATP release and vasoconstriction involves constitutive phosphorylation of PANX1 Tyr198 by SRC. We specifically detected SRC-mediated Tyr198 phosphorylation at the plasma membrane and observed that it is not enhanced or induced by α1-AR activation. Last, we show that PANX1 immunostaining is enriched in the smooth muscle layer of arteries from hypertensive humans and that Tyr198 phosphorylation is detectable in these samples, indicative of a role for membrane-associated PANX1 in small arteries of hypertensive humans. Our discovery adds insight into the regulation of PANX1 by post-translational modifications and connects a significant purinergic vasoconstriction pathway with a previously identified, yet unexplored, tyrosine kinase-based α1-AR constriction mechanism. This work implicates SRC-mediated PANX1 function in normal vascular hemodynamics and suggests that Tyr198-phosphorylated PANX1 is involved in hypertensive vascular pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leon J DeLalio
- From the Robert M. Berne Cardiovascular Research Center.,Department of Pharmacology
| | - Marie Billaud
- the Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213
| | - Claire A Ruddiman
- From the Robert M. Berne Cardiovascular Research Center.,Department of Pharmacology
| | | | - Joshua T Butcher
- the Department of Physiology, Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia 30912
| | - Abigail G Wolpe
- From the Robert M. Berne Cardiovascular Research Center.,Department of Cell Biology, and
| | - Xueyao Jin
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, Virginia 22908
| | - T C Stevenson Keller
- From the Robert M. Berne Cardiovascular Research Center.,Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, Virginia 22908
| | - Alexander S Keller
- From the Robert M. Berne Cardiovascular Research Center.,Department of Pharmacology
| | - Thibaud Rivière
- the Department of Life and Health Sciences, University of Bordeaux, 33000 Bordeaux, France
| | | | - Angela K Best
- From the Robert M. Berne Cardiovascular Research Center
| | - Alexander W Lohman
- the Hotchkiss Brain Institute and.,Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta T2N 4N1, Canada
| | - Leigh Anne Swayne
- the Division of Medical Sciences, Centre for Biomedical Research, University of Victoria, Victoria, British Columbia V8P 5C2, Canada
| | - Silvia Penuela
- the Departments of Anatomy and Cell Biology and Oncology, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario N6A 3K7, Canada, and
| | - Roger J Thompson
- the Hotchkiss Brain Institute and.,Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta T2N 4N1, Canada
| | - Paul D Lampe
- the Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington 98109
| | - Mark Yeager
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, Virginia 22908
| | - Brant E Isakson
- From the Robert M. Berne Cardiovascular Research Center, .,Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, Virginia 22908
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31
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DeLalio LJ, Keller AS, Chen J, Boyce AK, Artamonov M, Askew-Page HR, Keller TS, Johnstone SR, Weaver RB, Good ME, Murphy S, Best AK, Mintz EL, Penuela S, Greenwood I, Machado RF, Somlyo AV, Swayne LA, Minshall R, Isakson BE. Interaction Between Pannexin 1 and Caveolin-1 in Smooth Muscle Can Regulate Blood Pressure. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2018; 38:2065-2078. [PMID: 30026274 PMCID: PMC6202122 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.118.311290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2017] [Accepted: 06/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Objective- Sympathetic nerve innervation of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) is a major regulator of arteriolar vasoconstriction, vascular resistance, and blood pressure. Importantly, α-adrenergic receptor stimulation, which uniquely couples with Panx1 (pannexin 1) channel-mediated ATP release in resistance arteries, also requires localization to membrane caveolae. Here, we test whether localization of Panx1 to Cav1 (caveolin-1) promotes channel function (stimulus-dependent ATP release and adrenergic vasoconstriction) and is important for blood pressure homeostasis. Approach and Results- We use in vitro VSMC culture models, ex vivo resistance arteries, and a novel inducible VSMC-specific Cav1 knockout mouse to probe interactions between Panx1 and Cav1. We report that Panx1 and Cav1 colocalized on the VSMC plasma membrane of resistance arteries near sympathetic nerves in an adrenergic stimulus-dependent manner. Genetic deletion of Cav1 significantly blunts adrenergic-stimulated ATP release and vasoconstriction, with no direct influence on endothelium-dependent vasodilation or cardiac function. A significant reduction in mean arterial pressure (total=4 mm Hg; night=7 mm Hg) occurred in mice deficient for VSMC Cav1. These animals were resistant to further blood pressure lowering using a Panx1 peptide inhibitor Px1IL2P, which targets an intracellular loop region necessary for channel function. Conclusions- Translocalization of Panx1 to Cav1-enriched caveolae in VSMCs augments the release of purinergic stimuli necessary for proper adrenergic-mediated vasoconstriction and blood pressure homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leon J. DeLalio
- Robert M. Berne Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA
| | - Alexander S. Keller
- Robert M. Berne Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA
| | - Jiwang Chen
- Department of Medicine, The University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL
| | - Andrew K.J. Boyce
- Division of Medical Sciences, Centre for Biomedical Research, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC Canada
| | - Mykhaylo Artamonov
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA
| | - Henry R. Askew-Page
- Robert M. Berne Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA
| | - T.C. Stevenson Keller
- Robert M. Berne Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA
| | - Scott R. Johnstone
- Robert M. Berne Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA
| | - Rachel B. Weaver
- Robert M. Berne Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA
| | - Miranda E. Good
- Robert M. Berne Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA
| | - Sara Murphy
- Robert M. Berne Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA
| | - Angela K. Best
- Robert M. Berne Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA
| | - Ellen L. Mintz
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Virginia School of Engineering, Charlottesville, VA
| | - Silvia Penuela
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Schulich Scholl of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Western Ontario, London ON, Canada
| | - Iain Greenwood
- Molecular and Clinical Sciences Research Institute, St. George’s University London UK
| | - Roberto F. Machado
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, Sleep, & Occupational Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN
| | - Avril V. Somlyo
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA
| | - Leigh Anne Swayne
- Division of Medical Sciences, Centre for Biomedical Research, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC Canada
| | - Richard Minshall
- Department of Pharmacology and Department of Anesthesiology, The University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL
| | - Brant E. Isakson
- Robert M. Berne Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA
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32
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Htet M, Nally JE, Shaw A, Foote BE, Martin PE, Dempsie Y. Connexin 43 Plays a Role in Pulmonary Vascular Reactivity in Mice. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:E1891. [PMID: 29954114 PMCID: PMC6073802 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19071891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2018] [Revised: 06/07/2018] [Accepted: 06/20/2018] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is a chronic condition characterized by vascular remodeling and increased vaso-reactivity. PAH is more common in females than in males (~3:1). Connexin (Cx)43 has been shown to be involved in cellular communication within the pulmonary vasculature. Therefore, we investigated the role of Cx43 in pulmonary vascular reactivity using Cx43 heterozygous (Cx43+/−) mice and 37,43Gap27, which is a pharmacological inhibitor of Cx37 and Cx43. Contraction and relaxation responses were studied in intra-lobar pulmonary arteries (IPAs) derived from normoxic mice and hypoxic mice using wire myography. IPAs from male Cx43+/− mice displayed a small but significant increase in the contractile response to endothelin-1 (but not 5-hydroxytryptamine) under both normoxic and hypoxic conditions. There was no difference in the contractile response to endothelin-1 (ET-1) or 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) in IPAs derived from female Cx43+/−mice compared to wildtype mice. Relaxation responses to methacholine (MCh) were attenuated in IPAs from male and female Cx43+/− mice or by pre-incubation of IPAs with 37,43Gap27. Nω-Nitro-L-arginine methyl ester (l-NAME) fully inhibited MCh-induced relaxation. In conclusion, Cx43 is involved in nitric oxide (NO)-induced pulmonary vascular relaxation and plays a gender-specific and agonist-specific role in pulmonary vascular contractility. Therefore, reduced Cx43 signaling may contribute to pulmonary vascular dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Myo Htet
- Department of Life Sciences, School of Health and Life Sciences, Glasgow Caledonian University, Glasgow G4 0BA, UK.
| | - Jane E Nally
- Department of Life Sciences, School of Health and Life Sciences, Glasgow Caledonian University, Glasgow G4 0BA, UK.
| | - Andrew Shaw
- Department of Life Sciences, School of Health and Life Sciences, Glasgow Caledonian University, Glasgow G4 0BA, UK.
| | - Bradley E Foote
- Department of Life Sciences, School of Health and Life Sciences, Glasgow Caledonian University, Glasgow G4 0BA, UK.
| | - Patricia E Martin
- Department of Life Sciences, School of Health and Life Sciences, Glasgow Caledonian University, Glasgow G4 0BA, UK.
| | - Yvonne Dempsie
- Department of Life Sciences, School of Health and Life Sciences, Glasgow Caledonian University, Glasgow G4 0BA, UK.
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33
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Makarenkova HP, Shah SB, Shestopalov VI. The two faces of pannexins: new roles in inflammation and repair. J Inflamm Res 2018; 11:273-288. [PMID: 29950881 PMCID: PMC6016592 DOI: 10.2147/jir.s128401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Pannexins belong to a family of ATP-release channels expressed in almost all cell types. An increasing body of literature on pannexins suggests that these channels play dual and sometimes contradictory roles, contributing to normal cell function, as well as to the pathological progression of disease. In this review, we summarize our understanding of pannexin "protective" and "harmful" functions in inflammation, regeneration and mechanical signaling. We also suggest a possible basis for pannexin's dual roles, related to extracellular ATP and K+ levels and the activation of various types of P2 receptors that are associated with pannexin. Finally, we speculate upon therapeutic strategies related to pannexin using eyes, lacrimal glands, and peripheral nerves as examples of interesting therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sameer B Shah
- Departments of Orthopaedic Surgery and Bioengineering, University of California.,Research Division, Veterans Affairs San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, CA
| | - Valery I Shestopalov
- Bascom Eye Institute, Department of Ophthalmology, University of Miami, Miami, FL, USA.,Vavilov Institute for General Genetics, Russian Academy of Sciences.,Kharkevich Institute for Information Transmission Problems, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
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34
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Molica F, Figueroa XF, Kwak BR, Isakson BE, Gibbins JM. Connexins and Pannexins in Vascular Function and Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19061663. [PMID: 29874791 PMCID: PMC6032213 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19061663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2018] [Revised: 05/28/2018] [Accepted: 05/31/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Connexins (Cxs) and pannexins (Panxs) are ubiquitous membrane channel forming proteins that are critically involved in many aspects of vascular physiology and pathology. The permeation of ions and small metabolites through Panx channels, Cx hemichannels and gap junction channels confers a crucial role to these proteins in intercellular communication and in maintaining tissue homeostasis. This review provides an overview of current knowledge with respect to the pathophysiological role of these channels in large arteries, the microcirculation, veins, the lymphatic system and platelet function. The essential nature of these membrane proteins in vascular homeostasis is further emphasized by the pathologies that are linked to mutations and polymorphisms in Cx and Panx genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Filippo Molica
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, University of Geneva, CH-1211 Geneva, Switzerland.
| | - Xavier F Figueroa
- Departamento de Fisiología, Faculdad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontifica Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago 8330025, Chile.
| | - Brenda R Kwak
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, University of Geneva, CH-1211 Geneva, Switzerland.
| | - Brant E Isakson
- Robert M. Berne Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA.
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA.
| | - Jonathan M Gibbins
- Institute for Cardiovascular & Metabolic Research, School of Biological Sciences, Harborne Building, University of Reading, Reading RG6 6AS, UK.
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35
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Jankowski J, Perry HM, Medina CB, Huang L, Yao J, Bajwa A, Lorenz UM, Rosin DL, Ravichandran KS, Isakson BE, Okusa MD. Epithelial and Endothelial Pannexin1 Channels Mediate AKI. J Am Soc Nephrol 2018; 29:1887-1899. [PMID: 29866797 DOI: 10.1681/asn.2017121306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2017] [Accepted: 05/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Pannexin1 (Panx1), an ATP release channel, is present in most mammalian tissues, but the role of Panx1 in health and disease is not fully understood. Panx1 may serve to modulate AKI; ATP is a precursor to adenosine and may function to block inflammation, or ATP may act as a danger-associated molecular pattern and initiate inflammation.Methods We used pharmacologic and genetic approaches to evaluate the effect of Panx1 on kidney ischemia-reperfusion injury (IRI), a mouse model of AKI.Results Pharmacologic inhibition of gap junctions, including Panx1, by administration of carbenoxolone protected mice from IRI. Furthermore, global deletion of Panx1 preserved kidney function and morphology and diminished the expression of proinflammatory molecules after IRI. Analysis of bone marrow chimeric mice revealed that Panx1 expressed on parenchymal cells is necessary for ischemic injury, and both proximal tubule and vascular endothelial Panx1 tissue-specific knockout mice were protected from IRI. In vitro, Panx1-deficient proximal tubule cells released less and retained more ATP under hypoxic stress.Conclusions Panx1 is involved in regulating ATP release from hypoxic cells, and reducing this ATP release may protect kidneys from AKI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jakub Jankowski
- Division of Nephrology and Center for Immunity, Inflammation and Regenerative Medicine, Department of Medicine, Departments of
| | - Heather M Perry
- Division of Nephrology and Center for Immunity, Inflammation and Regenerative Medicine, Department of Medicine, Departments of
| | - Christopher B Medina
- Pharmacology.,Microbiology, Immunology, and Cancer Biology, and.,Beirne Carter Center for Immunology.,Center for Cell Clearance, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia
| | - Liping Huang
- Division of Nephrology and Center for Immunity, Inflammation and Regenerative Medicine, Department of Medicine, Departments of
| | - Junlan Yao
- Division of Nephrology and Center for Immunity, Inflammation and Regenerative Medicine, Department of Medicine, Departments of
| | - Amandeep Bajwa
- Division of Nephrology and Center for Immunity, Inflammation and Regenerative Medicine, Department of Medicine, Departments of
| | - Ulrike M Lorenz
- Microbiology, Immunology, and Cancer Biology, and.,Beirne Carter Center for Immunology
| | | | - Kodi S Ravichandran
- Microbiology, Immunology, and Cancer Biology, and.,Beirne Carter Center for Immunology.,Center for Cell Clearance, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia
| | - Brant E Isakson
- Molecular Physiology and Biological Physics.,Robert M. Berne Cardiovascular Research Center, and
| | - Mark D Okusa
- Division of Nephrology and Center for Immunity, Inflammation and Regenerative Medicine, Department of Medicine, Departments of
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36
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Boucher J, Simonneau C, Denet G, Clarhaut J, Balandre AC, Mesnil M, Cronier L, Monvoisin A. Pannexin-1 in Human Lymphatic Endothelial Cells Regulates Lymphangiogenesis. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19061558. [PMID: 29882918 PMCID: PMC6032340 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19061558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2018] [Revised: 05/17/2018] [Accepted: 05/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The molecular mechanisms governing the formation of lymphatic vasculature are not yet well understood. Pannexins are transmembrane proteins that form channels which allow for diffusion of ions and small molecules (<1 kDa) between the extracellular space and the cytosol. The expression and function of pannexins in blood vessels have been studied in the last few decades. Meanwhile, no studies have been conducted to evaluate the role of pannexins during human lymphatic vessel formation. Here we show, using primary human dermal lymphatic endothelial cells (HDLECs), pharmacological tools (probenecid, Brilliant Blue FCF, mimetic peptides [10Panx]) and siRNA-mediated knockdown that Pannexin-1 is necessary for capillary tube formation on Matrigel and for VEGF-C-induced invasion. These results newly identify Pannexin-1 as a protein highly expressed in HDLECs and its requirement during in vitro lymphangiogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan Boucher
- CNRS ERL 7003, Laboratoire "Signalisation & Transports Ioniques Membranaires", University of Poitiers, 86073 Poitiers, France.
| | - Claire Simonneau
- CNRS ERL 7003, Laboratoire "Signalisation & Transports Ioniques Membranaires", University of Poitiers, 86073 Poitiers, France.
| | - Golthlay Denet
- CNRS ERL 7003, Laboratoire "Signalisation & Transports Ioniques Membranaires", University of Poitiers, 86073 Poitiers, France.
| | - Jonathan Clarhaut
- CNRS UMR 7285, Institut de Chimie des Milieux et des Matériaux de Poitiers (IC2MP), University of Poitiers, 86073 Poitiers, France.
- CHU de Poitiers, 86021 Poitiers, France.
| | - Annie-Claire Balandre
- CNRS ERL 7003, Laboratoire "Signalisation & Transports Ioniques Membranaires", University of Poitiers, 86073 Poitiers, France.
| | - Marc Mesnil
- CNRS ERL 7003, Laboratoire "Signalisation & Transports Ioniques Membranaires", University of Poitiers, 86073 Poitiers, France.
| | - Laurent Cronier
- CNRS ERL 7003, Laboratoire "Signalisation & Transports Ioniques Membranaires", University of Poitiers, 86073 Poitiers, France.
| | - Arnaud Monvoisin
- CNRS ERL 7003, Laboratoire "Signalisation & Transports Ioniques Membranaires", University of Poitiers, 86073 Poitiers, France.
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37
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Whyte-Fagundes P, Kurtenbach S, Zoidl C, Shestopalov VI, Carlen PL, Zoidl G. A Potential Compensatory Role of Panx3 in the VNO of a Panx1 Knock Out Mouse Model. Front Mol Neurosci 2018; 11:135. [PMID: 29780304 PMCID: PMC5946002 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2018.00135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2018] [Accepted: 04/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Pannexins (Panx) are integral membrane proteins, with Panx1 being the best-characterized member of the protein family. Panx1 is implicated in sensory processing, and knockout (KO) animal models have become the primary tool to investigate the role(s) of Panx1 in sensory systems. Extending previous work from our group on primary olfaction, the expression patterns of Panxs in the vomeronasal organ (VNO), an auxiliary olfactory sense organ with a role in reproduction and social behavior, were compared. Using qRT-PCR and Immunohistochemistry (IHC), we confirmed the loss of Panx1, found similar Panx2 expression levels in both models, and a significant upregulation of Panx3 in mice with a global ablation of Panx1. Specifically, Panx3 showed upregulated expression in nerve fibers of the non-sensory epithelial layer in juvenile and adult KO mice and in the sensory layer of adults, which overlaps with Panx1 expression areas in WT populations. Since both social behavior and evoked ATP release in the VNO was not compromised in KO animals, we hypothesized that Panx3 could compensate for the loss of Panx1. This led us to compare Panx1 and Panx3 channels in vitro, demonstrating similar dye uptake and ATP release properties. Outcomes of this study strongly suggest that Panx3 may functionally compensate for the loss of Panx1 in the VNO of the olfactory system, ensuring sustained chemosensory processing. This finding extends previous reports on the upregulation of Panx3 in arterial walls and the skin of Panx1 KO mice, suggesting that roles of Panx1 warrant uncharacterized safeguarding mechanisms involving Panx3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paige Whyte-Fagundes
- Department of Biology, York University, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Krembil Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Stefan Kurtenbach
- Department of Biology, York University, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Department of Ophthalmology, Bascom Palmer Eye Institute, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, United States
| | | | - Valery I Shestopalov
- Department of Ophthalmology, Bascom Palmer Eye Institute, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, United States
| | - Peter L Carlen
- Krembil Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Department of Physiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Georg Zoidl
- Department of Biology, York University, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Krembil Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Department of Psychology, York University, Toronto, ON, Canada
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38
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Good ME, Eucker SA, Li J, Bacon HM, Lang SM, Butcher JT, Johnson TJ, Gaykema RP, Patel MK, Zuo Z, Isakson BE. Endothelial cell Pannexin1 modulates severity of ischemic stroke by regulating cerebral inflammation and myogenic tone. JCI Insight 2018; 3:96272. [PMID: 29563335 PMCID: PMC5926909 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.96272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2017] [Accepted: 02/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Ischemic stroke is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality in the US; however, there currently exists only one effective acute pharmacological therapeutic intervention. Purinergic signaling has been shown to regulate vascular function and pathological processes, including inflammation and arterial myogenic reactivity, and plays a role in ischemic stroke outcome. Purinergic signaling requires extracellular purines; however, the mechanism of purine release from cells is unclear. Pannexin1 (Panx1) channels are potentially novel purine release channels expressed throughout the vascular tree that couples regulated purine release with purinergic signaling. Therefore, we examined the role of smooth muscle and endothelial cell Panx1, using conditional cell type-specific transgenic mice, in cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury outcomes. Deletion of endothelial cell Panx1, but not smooth muscle cell Panx1, significantly reduced cerebral infarct volume after ischemia/reperfusion. Infiltration of leukocytes into brain tissue and development of cerebral myogenic tone were both significantly reduced when mice lacked endothelial Panx1. Panx1 regulation of myogenic tone was unique to the cerebral circulation, as mesenteric myogenic reactivity and blood pressure were independent of endothelial Panx1. Overall, deletion of endothelial Panx1 mitigated cerebral ischemic injury by reducing inflammation and myogenic tone development, indicating that endothelial Panx1 is a possible novel target for therapeutic intervention of ischemic stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miranda E Good
- Robert M. Berne Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA
| | - Stephanie A. Eucker
- Division of Emergency Medicine, Department of Surgery, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Jun Li
- Department of Anesthesiology and
| | - Hannah M. Bacon
- Robert M. Berne Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA
| | - Susan M. Lang
- Robert M. Berne Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA
| | - Joshua T. Butcher
- Robert M. Berne Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA
| | - Tyler J. Johnson
- Robert M. Berne Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA
| | | | | | | | - Brant E. Isakson
- Robert M. Berne Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, University of Virginia School of Medicine, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA
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39
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Good ME, Chiu YH, Poon IKH, Medina CB, Butcher JT, Mendu SK, DeLalio LJ, Lohman AW, Leitinger N, Barrett E, Lorenz UM, Desai BN, Jaffe IZ, Bayliss DA, Isakson BE, Ravichandran KS. Pannexin 1 Channels as an Unexpected New Target of the Anti-Hypertensive Drug Spironolactone. Circ Res 2017; 122:606-615. [PMID: 29237722 DOI: 10.1161/circresaha.117.312380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2017] [Revised: 12/06/2017] [Accepted: 12/12/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
RATIONALE Resistant hypertension is a major health concern with unknown cause. Spironolactone is an effective antihypertensive drug, especially for patients with resistant hypertension, and is considered by the World Health Organization as an essential medication. Although spironolactone can act at the mineralocorticoid receptor (MR; NR3C2), there is increasing evidence of MR-independent effects of spironolactone. OBJECTIVE Here, we detail the unexpected discovery that Panx1 (pannexin 1) channels could be a relevant in vivo target of spironolactone. METHODS AND RESULTS First, we identified spironolactone as a potent inhibitor of Panx1 in an unbiased small molecule screen, which was confirmed by electrophysiological analysis. Next, spironolactone inhibited α-adrenergic vasoconstriction in arterioles from mice and hypertensive humans, an effect dependent on smooth muscle Panx1, but independent of the MR NR3C2. Last, spironolactone acutely lowered blood pressure, which was dependent on smooth muscle cell expression of Panx1 and independent of NR3C2. This effect, however, was restricted to steroidal MR antagonists as a nonsteroidal MR antagonist failed to reduced blood pressure. CONCLUSIONS These data suggest new therapeutic modalities for resistant hypertension based on Panx1 inhibition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miranda E Good
- From the Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Robert M. Berne Cardiovascular Research Center (M.E.G., J.T.B., L.J.D., A.W.L., B.E.I.), Department of Pharmacology (Y.-H.C., S.K.M., N.L., B.N.D., D.A.B.), Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Cancer Biology, the Center for Cell Clearance, and the Beirne B. Carter Center for Immunology Research (C.B.M., U.M.L., K.S.R.), and Division of Endocrinology (E.B.), University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville; Department of Biochemistry and Genetics, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Australia (I.K.H.P.); and Molecular Cardiology Research Institute, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, MA (I.Z.J.)
| | - Yu-Hsin Chiu
- From the Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Robert M. Berne Cardiovascular Research Center (M.E.G., J.T.B., L.J.D., A.W.L., B.E.I.), Department of Pharmacology (Y.-H.C., S.K.M., N.L., B.N.D., D.A.B.), Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Cancer Biology, the Center for Cell Clearance, and the Beirne B. Carter Center for Immunology Research (C.B.M., U.M.L., K.S.R.), and Division of Endocrinology (E.B.), University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville; Department of Biochemistry and Genetics, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Australia (I.K.H.P.); and Molecular Cardiology Research Institute, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, MA (I.Z.J.)
| | - Ivan K H Poon
- From the Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Robert M. Berne Cardiovascular Research Center (M.E.G., J.T.B., L.J.D., A.W.L., B.E.I.), Department of Pharmacology (Y.-H.C., S.K.M., N.L., B.N.D., D.A.B.), Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Cancer Biology, the Center for Cell Clearance, and the Beirne B. Carter Center for Immunology Research (C.B.M., U.M.L., K.S.R.), and Division of Endocrinology (E.B.), University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville; Department of Biochemistry and Genetics, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Australia (I.K.H.P.); and Molecular Cardiology Research Institute, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, MA (I.Z.J.)
| | - Christopher B Medina
- From the Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Robert M. Berne Cardiovascular Research Center (M.E.G., J.T.B., L.J.D., A.W.L., B.E.I.), Department of Pharmacology (Y.-H.C., S.K.M., N.L., B.N.D., D.A.B.), Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Cancer Biology, the Center for Cell Clearance, and the Beirne B. Carter Center for Immunology Research (C.B.M., U.M.L., K.S.R.), and Division of Endocrinology (E.B.), University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville; Department of Biochemistry and Genetics, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Australia (I.K.H.P.); and Molecular Cardiology Research Institute, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, MA (I.Z.J.)
| | - Joshua T Butcher
- From the Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Robert M. Berne Cardiovascular Research Center (M.E.G., J.T.B., L.J.D., A.W.L., B.E.I.), Department of Pharmacology (Y.-H.C., S.K.M., N.L., B.N.D., D.A.B.), Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Cancer Biology, the Center for Cell Clearance, and the Beirne B. Carter Center for Immunology Research (C.B.M., U.M.L., K.S.R.), and Division of Endocrinology (E.B.), University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville; Department of Biochemistry and Genetics, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Australia (I.K.H.P.); and Molecular Cardiology Research Institute, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, MA (I.Z.J.)
| | - Suresh K Mendu
- From the Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Robert M. Berne Cardiovascular Research Center (M.E.G., J.T.B., L.J.D., A.W.L., B.E.I.), Department of Pharmacology (Y.-H.C., S.K.M., N.L., B.N.D., D.A.B.), Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Cancer Biology, the Center for Cell Clearance, and the Beirne B. Carter Center for Immunology Research (C.B.M., U.M.L., K.S.R.), and Division of Endocrinology (E.B.), University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville; Department of Biochemistry and Genetics, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Australia (I.K.H.P.); and Molecular Cardiology Research Institute, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, MA (I.Z.J.)
| | - Leon J DeLalio
- From the Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Robert M. Berne Cardiovascular Research Center (M.E.G., J.T.B., L.J.D., A.W.L., B.E.I.), Department of Pharmacology (Y.-H.C., S.K.M., N.L., B.N.D., D.A.B.), Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Cancer Biology, the Center for Cell Clearance, and the Beirne B. Carter Center for Immunology Research (C.B.M., U.M.L., K.S.R.), and Division of Endocrinology (E.B.), University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville; Department of Biochemistry and Genetics, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Australia (I.K.H.P.); and Molecular Cardiology Research Institute, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, MA (I.Z.J.)
| | - Alexander W Lohman
- From the Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Robert M. Berne Cardiovascular Research Center (M.E.G., J.T.B., L.J.D., A.W.L., B.E.I.), Department of Pharmacology (Y.-H.C., S.K.M., N.L., B.N.D., D.A.B.), Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Cancer Biology, the Center for Cell Clearance, and the Beirne B. Carter Center for Immunology Research (C.B.M., U.M.L., K.S.R.), and Division of Endocrinology (E.B.), University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville; Department of Biochemistry and Genetics, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Australia (I.K.H.P.); and Molecular Cardiology Research Institute, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, MA (I.Z.J.)
| | - Norbert Leitinger
- From the Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Robert M. Berne Cardiovascular Research Center (M.E.G., J.T.B., L.J.D., A.W.L., B.E.I.), Department of Pharmacology (Y.-H.C., S.K.M., N.L., B.N.D., D.A.B.), Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Cancer Biology, the Center for Cell Clearance, and the Beirne B. Carter Center for Immunology Research (C.B.M., U.M.L., K.S.R.), and Division of Endocrinology (E.B.), University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville; Department of Biochemistry and Genetics, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Australia (I.K.H.P.); and Molecular Cardiology Research Institute, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, MA (I.Z.J.)
| | - Eugene Barrett
- From the Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Robert M. Berne Cardiovascular Research Center (M.E.G., J.T.B., L.J.D., A.W.L., B.E.I.), Department of Pharmacology (Y.-H.C., S.K.M., N.L., B.N.D., D.A.B.), Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Cancer Biology, the Center for Cell Clearance, and the Beirne B. Carter Center for Immunology Research (C.B.M., U.M.L., K.S.R.), and Division of Endocrinology (E.B.), University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville; Department of Biochemistry and Genetics, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Australia (I.K.H.P.); and Molecular Cardiology Research Institute, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, MA (I.Z.J.)
| | - Ulrike M Lorenz
- From the Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Robert M. Berne Cardiovascular Research Center (M.E.G., J.T.B., L.J.D., A.W.L., B.E.I.), Department of Pharmacology (Y.-H.C., S.K.M., N.L., B.N.D., D.A.B.), Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Cancer Biology, the Center for Cell Clearance, and the Beirne B. Carter Center for Immunology Research (C.B.M., U.M.L., K.S.R.), and Division of Endocrinology (E.B.), University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville; Department of Biochemistry and Genetics, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Australia (I.K.H.P.); and Molecular Cardiology Research Institute, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, MA (I.Z.J.)
| | - Bimal N Desai
- From the Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Robert M. Berne Cardiovascular Research Center (M.E.G., J.T.B., L.J.D., A.W.L., B.E.I.), Department of Pharmacology (Y.-H.C., S.K.M., N.L., B.N.D., D.A.B.), Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Cancer Biology, the Center for Cell Clearance, and the Beirne B. Carter Center for Immunology Research (C.B.M., U.M.L., K.S.R.), and Division of Endocrinology (E.B.), University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville; Department of Biochemistry and Genetics, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Australia (I.K.H.P.); and Molecular Cardiology Research Institute, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, MA (I.Z.J.)
| | - Iris Z Jaffe
- From the Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Robert M. Berne Cardiovascular Research Center (M.E.G., J.T.B., L.J.D., A.W.L., B.E.I.), Department of Pharmacology (Y.-H.C., S.K.M., N.L., B.N.D., D.A.B.), Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Cancer Biology, the Center for Cell Clearance, and the Beirne B. Carter Center for Immunology Research (C.B.M., U.M.L., K.S.R.), and Division of Endocrinology (E.B.), University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville; Department of Biochemistry and Genetics, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Australia (I.K.H.P.); and Molecular Cardiology Research Institute, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, MA (I.Z.J.)
| | - Douglas A Bayliss
- From the Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Robert M. Berne Cardiovascular Research Center (M.E.G., J.T.B., L.J.D., A.W.L., B.E.I.), Department of Pharmacology (Y.-H.C., S.K.M., N.L., B.N.D., D.A.B.), Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Cancer Biology, the Center for Cell Clearance, and the Beirne B. Carter Center for Immunology Research (C.B.M., U.M.L., K.S.R.), and Division of Endocrinology (E.B.), University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville; Department of Biochemistry and Genetics, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Australia (I.K.H.P.); and Molecular Cardiology Research Institute, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, MA (I.Z.J.)
| | - Brant E Isakson
- From the Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Robert M. Berne Cardiovascular Research Center (M.E.G., J.T.B., L.J.D., A.W.L., B.E.I.), Department of Pharmacology (Y.-H.C., S.K.M., N.L., B.N.D., D.A.B.), Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Cancer Biology, the Center for Cell Clearance, and the Beirne B. Carter Center for Immunology Research (C.B.M., U.M.L., K.S.R.), and Division of Endocrinology (E.B.), University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville; Department of Biochemistry and Genetics, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Australia (I.K.H.P.); and Molecular Cardiology Research Institute, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, MA (I.Z.J.).
| | - Kodi S Ravichandran
- From the Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Robert M. Berne Cardiovascular Research Center (M.E.G., J.T.B., L.J.D., A.W.L., B.E.I.), Department of Pharmacology (Y.-H.C., S.K.M., N.L., B.N.D., D.A.B.), Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Cancer Biology, the Center for Cell Clearance, and the Beirne B. Carter Center for Immunology Research (C.B.M., U.M.L., K.S.R.), and Division of Endocrinology (E.B.), University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville; Department of Biochemistry and Genetics, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Australia (I.K.H.P.); and Molecular Cardiology Research Institute, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, MA (I.Z.J.)
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40
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Chiu YH, Schappe MS, Desai BN, Bayliss DA. Revisiting multimodal activation and channel properties of Pannexin 1. J Gen Physiol 2017; 150:19-39. [PMID: 29233884 PMCID: PMC5749114 DOI: 10.1085/jgp.201711888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2017] [Accepted: 11/09/2017] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Pannexin 1 (Panx1) forms plasma membrane ion channels that are widely expressed throughout the body. Panx1 activation results in the release of nucleotides such as adenosine triphosphate and uridine triphosphate. Thus, these channels have been implicated in diverse physiological and pathological functions associated with purinergic signaling, such as apoptotic cell clearance, blood pressure regulation, neuropathic pain, and excitotoxicity. In light of this, substantial attention has been directed to understanding the mechanisms that regulate Panx1 channel expression and activation. Here we review accumulated evidence for the various activation mechanisms described for Panx1 channels and, where possible, the unitary channel properties associated with those forms of activation. We also emphasize current limitations in studying Panx1 channel function and propose potential directions to clarify the exciting and expanding roles of Panx1 channels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Hsin Chiu
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA
| | - Michael S Schappe
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA
| | - Bimal N Desai
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA
| | - Douglas A Bayliss
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA
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41
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Willebrords J, Maes M, Crespo Yanguas S, Vinken M. Inhibitors of connexin and pannexin channels as potential therapeutics. Pharmacol Ther 2017; 180:144-160. [PMID: 28720428 PMCID: PMC5802387 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2017.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
While gap junctions support the exchange of a number of molecules between neighboring cells, connexin hemichannels provide communication between the cytosol and the extracellular environment of an individual cell. The latter equally holds true for channels composed of pannexin proteins, which display an architecture reminiscent of connexin hemichannels. In physiological conditions, gap junctions are usually open, while connexin hemichannels and, to a lesser extent, pannexin channels are typically closed, yet they can be activated by a number of pathological triggers. Several agents are available to inhibit channels built up by connexin and pannexin proteins, including alcoholic substances, glycyrrhetinic acid, anesthetics and fatty acids. These compounds not always strictly distinguish between gap junctions, connexin hemichannels and pannexin channels, and may have effects on other targets as well. An exception lies with mimetic peptides, which reproduce specific amino acid sequences in connexin or pannexin primary protein structure. In this paper, a state-of-the-art overview is provided on inhibitors of cellular channels consisting of connexins and pannexins with specific focus on their mode-of-action and therapeutic potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joost Willebrords
- Department of In Vitro Toxicology and Dermato-cosmetology, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Laarbeeklaan 103, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Michaël Maes
- Department of In Vitro Toxicology and Dermato-cosmetology, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Laarbeeklaan 103, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Sara Crespo Yanguas
- Department of In Vitro Toxicology and Dermato-cosmetology, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Laarbeeklaan 103, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Mathieu Vinken
- Department of In Vitro Toxicology and Dermato-cosmetology, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Laarbeeklaan 103, Brussels, Belgium.
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42
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Shestopalov VI, Panchin Y, Tarasova OS, Gaynullina D, Kovalzon VM. Pannexins Are Potential New Players in the Regulation of Cerebral Homeostasis during Sleep-Wake Cycle. Front Cell Neurosci 2017; 11:210. [PMID: 28769767 PMCID: PMC5511838 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2017.00210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2017] [Accepted: 07/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
During brain homeostasis, both neurons and astroglia release ATP that is rapidly converted to adenosine in the extracellular space. Pannexin-1 (Panx1) hemichannels represent a major conduit of non-vesicular ATP release from brain cells. Previous studies have shown that Panx1−/− mice possess severe disruption of the sleep-wake cycle. Here, we review experimental data supporting the involvement of pannexins (Panx) in the coordination of fundamental sleep-associated brain processes, such as neuronal activity and regulation of cerebrovascular tone. Panx1 hemichannels are likely implicated in the regulation of the sleep-wake cycle via an indirect effect of released ATP on adenosine receptors and through interaction with other somnogens, such as IL-1β, TNFα and prostaglandin D2. In addition to the recently established role of Panx1 in the regulation of endothelium-dependent arterial dilation, similar signaling pathways are the major cellular component of neurovascular coupling. The new discovered role of Panx in sleep regulation may have broad implications in coordinating neuronal activity and homeostatic housekeeping processes during the sleep-wake cycle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valery I Shestopalov
- Institute for Information Transmission Problems, Russian Academy of SciencesMoscow, Russia.,Department of Ophthalmology, Bascom Palmer Eye Institute, University of Miami Miller School of MedicineMiami, FL, United States.,Microbiology and Bioengineering Laboratory, Department of Genomics and Biotechnology, Vavilov Institute of General Genetics, Russian Academy of SciencesMoscow, Russia
| | - Yuri Panchin
- Institute for Information Transmission Problems, Russian Academy of SciencesMoscow, Russia.,Department of Mathematical Methods in Biology, Belozersky Institute, M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State UniversityMoscow, Russia
| | - Olga S Tarasova
- Institute for Information Transmission Problems, Russian Academy of SciencesMoscow, Russia.,Department of Human and Animal Physiology, Faculty of Biology, M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State UniversityMoscow, Russia.,State Research Center of the Russian Federation, Institute for Biomedical Problems, Russian Academy of SciencesMoscow, Russia
| | - Dina Gaynullina
- Department of Human and Animal Physiology, Faculty of Biology, M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State UniversityMoscow, Russia.,Department of Physiology, Russian National Research Medical UniversityMoscow, Russia
| | - Vladimir M Kovalzon
- Institute for Information Transmission Problems, Russian Academy of SciencesMoscow, Russia.,Severtsov Institute Ecology and Evolution, Russian Academy of SciencesMoscow, Russia
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Boyce AKJ, Epp AL, Nagarajan A, Swayne LA. Transcriptional and post-translational regulation of pannexins. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOMEMBRANES 2017; 1860:72-82. [PMID: 28279657 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamem.2017.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2017] [Revised: 03/02/2017] [Accepted: 03/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Pannexins are a 3-membered family of proteins that form large pore ion and metabolite channels in vertebrates. The impact of pannexins on vertebrate biology is intricately tied to where and when they are expressed, and how they are modified, once produced. The purpose of this review is therefore to outline our current understanding of transcriptional and post-translational regulation of pannexins. First, we briefly summarize their discovery and characteristics. Next, we describe several aspects of transcriptional regulation, including cell and tissue-specific expression, dynamic expression over development and disease, as well as new insights into the underlying molecular machinery involved. Following this, we delve into the role of post-translational modifications in the regulation of trafficking and channel properties, highlighting important work on glycosylation, phosphorylation, S-nitrosylation and proteolytic cleavage. Embedded throughout, we also highlight important knowledge gaps and avenues of future research. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled: Gap Junction Proteins edited by Jean Claude Herve.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew K J Boyce
- Division of Medical Sciences and Island Medical Program, University of Victoria, Victoria V8P 5C2, Canada
| | - Anna L Epp
- Division of Medical Sciences and Island Medical Program, University of Victoria, Victoria V8P 5C2, Canada
| | - Archana Nagarajan
- Division of Medical Sciences and Island Medical Program, University of Victoria, Victoria V8P 5C2, Canada
| | - Leigh Anne Swayne
- Division of Medical Sciences and Island Medical Program, University of Victoria, Victoria V8P 5C2, Canada; Department of Cellular and Physiological Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver V6T 1Z3, Canada.
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44
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Bol M, Wang N, De Bock M, Wacquier B, Decrock E, Gadicherla A, Decaluwé K, Vanheel B, van Rijen HVM, Krysko DV, Bultynck G, Dupont G, Van de Voorde J, Leybaert L. At the cross-point of connexins, calcium, and ATP: blocking hemichannels inhibits vasoconstriction of rat small mesenteric arteries. Cardiovasc Res 2017; 113:195-206. [PMID: 27677282 DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvw215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2016] [Revised: 09/22/2016] [Accepted: 09/25/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
AIMS Connexins form gap-junctions (GJs) that directly connect cells, thereby coordinating vascular cell function and controlling vessel diameter and blood flow. GJs are composed of two hemichannels contributed by each of the connecting cells. Hemichannels also exist as non-junctional channels that, when open, lead to the entry/loss of ions and the escape of ATP. Here we investigated cross-talk between hemichannels and Ca2+/purinergic signalling in controlling blood vessel contraction. We hypothesized that hemichannel Ca2+ entry and ATP release contributes to smooth muscle cell (SMC) Ca2+ dynamics, thereby influencing vessel contractility. We applied several peptide modulators of hemichannel function and inhibitors of Ca2+ and ATP signalling to investigate their influence on SMC Ca2+ dynamics and vessel contractility. METHODS AND RESULTS Confocal Ca2+ imaging studies on small mesenteric arteries (SMAs) from rat demonstrated that norepinephrine-induced SMC Ca2+ oscillations were inhibited by blocking IP3 receptors with xestospongin-C and by interfering with hemichannel function, most notably by the specific Cx43 hemichannel blocking peptide TAT-L2 and by TAT-CT9 that promotes Cx43 hemichannel opening. Evidence for hemichannel involvement in SMC function was supported by the fact that TAT-CT9 significantly increased SMC resting cytoplasmic Ca2+ concentration, indicating it facilitated Ca2+ entry, and by the observation that norepinephrine-triggered vessel ATP release was blocked by TAT-L2. Myograph tension measurements on isolated SMAs showed significant inhibition of norepinephrine-triggered contractility by the ATP receptor antagonist suramin, but the strongest effect was observed with TAT-L2 that gave ∼80% inhibition at 37 °C. TAT-L2 inhibition of vessel contraction was significantly reduced in conditional Cx43 knockout animals, indicating the effect was Cx43 hemichannel-dependent. Computational modelling suggested these results could be explained by the opening of a single hemichannel per SMC. CONCLUSIONS These results indicate that Cx43 hemichannels contribute to SMC Ca2+ dynamics and contractility, by facilitating Ca2+ entry, ATP release, and purinergic signalling.
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MESH Headings
- Adenosine Triphosphate/metabolism
- Animals
- Calcium/metabolism
- Calcium Signaling/drug effects
- Cell Communication/drug effects
- Computer Simulation
- Connexin 43/antagonists & inhibitors
- Connexin 43/deficiency
- Connexin 43/genetics
- Connexin 43/metabolism
- Connexins/antagonists & inhibitors
- Connexins/metabolism
- Female
- Gap Junctions/drug effects
- Gap Junctions/metabolism
- Genotype
- In Vitro Techniques
- Inositol 1,4,5-Trisphosphate Receptors/agonists
- Inositol 1,4,5-Trisphosphate Receptors/metabolism
- Mesenteric Arteries/drug effects
- Mesenteric Arteries/metabolism
- Mice, Knockout
- Microscopy, Confocal
- Models, Cardiovascular
- Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/drug effects
- Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/metabolism
- Myocytes, Smooth Muscle/drug effects
- Myocytes, Smooth Muscle/metabolism
- Norepinephrine/pharmacology
- Peptides/pharmacology
- Phenotype
- Purinergic Antagonists/pharmacology
- Rats, Wistar
- Time Factors
- Vasoconstriction/drug effects
- Vasoconstrictor Agents/pharmacology
- Vasodilator Agents/pharmacology
- Gap Junction alpha-4 Protein
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Affiliation(s)
- Mélissa Bol
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Physiology Group, Faculty of Medicine & Health Sciences, Ghent University, De Pintelaan 185 (Block B, Room 031), 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Nan Wang
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Physiology Group, Faculty of Medicine & Health Sciences, Ghent University, De Pintelaan 185 (Block B, Room 031), 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Marijke De Bock
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Physiology Group, Faculty of Medicine & Health Sciences, Ghent University, De Pintelaan 185 (Block B, Room 031), 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Benjamin Wacquier
- Unité de Chronobiologie Théorique, Faculté des Sciences, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), 1000 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Elke Decrock
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Physiology Group, Faculty of Medicine & Health Sciences, Ghent University, De Pintelaan 185 (Block B, Room 031), 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Ashish Gadicherla
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Physiology Group, Faculty of Medicine & Health Sciences, Ghent University, De Pintelaan 185 (Block B, Room 031), 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Kelly Decaluwé
- Department of Pharmacology, Vascular Research Unit, Faculty of Medicine & Health Sciences, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Bert Vanheel
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Physiology Group, Faculty of Medicine & Health Sciences, Ghent University, De Pintelaan 185 (Block B, Room 031), 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Harold Victor Maria van Rijen
- Department of Medical Physiology, Division of Heart and Lungs, University Medical Center Utrecht, 3508 GA Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Dmitri Vadim Krysko
- Molecular Signaling and Cell Death Unit, VIB Inflammation Research Center, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Geert Bultynck
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Signalling, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, KULeuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Geneviève Dupont
- Unité de Chronobiologie Théorique, Faculté des Sciences, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), 1000 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Johan Van de Voorde
- Department of Pharmacology, Vascular Research Unit, Faculty of Medicine & Health Sciences, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Luc Leybaert
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Physiology Group, Faculty of Medicine & Health Sciences, Ghent University, De Pintelaan 185 (Block B, Room 031), 9000 Ghent, Belgium;
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45
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Begandt D, Good ME, Keller AS, DeLalio LJ, Rowley C, Isakson BE, Figueroa XF. Pannexin channel and connexin hemichannel expression in vascular function and inflammation. BMC Cell Biol 2017; 18:2. [PMID: 28124621 PMCID: PMC5267334 DOI: 10.1186/s12860-016-0119-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Control of blood flow distribution and tissue homeostasis depend on the tight regulation of and coordination between the microvascular network and circulating blood cells. Channels formed by connexins or pannexins that connect the intra- and extracellular compartments allow the release of paracrine signals, such as ATP and prostaglandins, and thus play a central role in achieving fine regulation and coordination of vascular function. This review focuses on vascular connexin hemichannels and pannexin channels. We review their expression pattern within the arterial and venous system with a special emphasis on how post-translational modifications by phosphorylation and S-nitrosylation of these channels modulate their function and contribute to vascular homeostasis. Furthermore, we highlight the contribution of these channels in smooth muscle cells and endothelial cells in the regulation of vasomotor tone as well as how these channels in endothelial cells regulate inflammatory responses such as during ischemic and hypoxic conditions. In addition, this review will touch on recent evidence implicating a role for these proteins in regulating red blood cell and platelet function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Begandt
- Robert M Berne Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA, 22908, USA
| | - Miranda E Good
- Robert M Berne Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA, 22908, USA
| | - Alex S Keller
- Robert M Berne Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA, 22908, USA
| | - Leon J DeLalio
- Robert M Berne Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA, 22908, USA
| | - Carol Rowley
- Robert M Berne Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA, 22908, USA
| | - Brant E Isakson
- Robert M Berne Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA, 22908, USA.,Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Xavier F Figueroa
- Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile.
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46
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Abstract
Cell-cell and cell-matrix communications play important roles in both cell proliferation and differentiation. Gap junction proteins mediate signaling communication by exchanging small molecules and dramatically stimulating intracellular signaling pathways to determine cell fate. Vertebrates have 2 gap junction families: pannexins (Panxs) and connexins (Cxs). Unlike Cxs, the functions of Panxs are not fully understood. In skeletal formation, Panx3 and Cx43 are the most abundantly expressed gap junction proteins from each family. Panx3 is induced in the transient stage from the proliferation and differentiation of chondrocytes and osteoprogenitor cells. Panx3 regulates both chondrocyte and osteoblast differentiation via the activation of intracellular Ca2+ signaling pathways through multiple channel activities: hemichannels, endoplasmic reticulum (ER) Ca2+ channels, and gap junctions. Moreover, Panx3 also inhibits osteoprogenitor cell proliferation and promotes cell cycle exit through the inactivation of Wnt/β-catenin signaling and the activation of p21. Panx3-knockout (KO) mice have more severe skeletal abnormalities than those of Cx43-KO mice. A phenotypic analysis of Panx3-KO mice indicates that Panx3 regulates the terminal differentiation of chondrocytes by promoting vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) 13. Based on the generation of Panx3-/-; Cx43-/- mice, Panx3 is upstream of Cx43 in osteogenesis. Panx3 promotes Cx43 expression by regulating Wnt/β-catenin signaling and osterix expression. Further, although Panx3 can function in 3 ways, Cx43 cannot function through the ER Ca2+ channel, only via the hemichannels and gap junction routes. In this review, we discuss the current knowledge regarding the roles of Panx3 in skeletal formation and address the potential for new therapies in the treatment of diseases and pathologies associated with Panx3, such as osteoarthritis (OA).
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Affiliation(s)
- M Ishikawa
- 1 Division of Operative Dentistry, Tohoku University Graduate School of Dentistry, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan.,2 Laboratory of Cell and Developmental Biology, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Y Yamada
- 2 Laboratory of Cell and Developmental Biology, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
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Wang S, Chennupati R, Kaur H, Iring A, Wettschureck N, Offermanns S. Endothelial cation channel PIEZO1 controls blood pressure by mediating flow-induced ATP release. J Clin Invest 2016; 126:4527-4536. [PMID: 27797339 DOI: 10.1172/jci87343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 364] [Impact Index Per Article: 45.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2016] [Accepted: 09/22/2016] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Arterial blood pressure is controlled by vasodilatory factors such as nitric oxide (NO) that are released from the endothelium under the influence of fluid shear stress exerted by flowing blood. Flow-induced endothelial release of ATP and subsequent activation of Gq/G11-coupled purinergic P2Y2 receptors have been shown to mediate fluid shear stress-induced stimulation of NO formation. However, the mechanism by which fluid shear stress initiates these processes is unclear. Here, we have shown that the endothelial mechanosensitive cation channel PIEZO1 is required for flow-induced ATP release and subsequent P2Y2/Gq/G11-mediated activation of downstream signaling that results in phosphorylation and activation of AKT and endothelial NOS. We also demonstrated that PIEZO1-dependent ATP release is mediated in part by pannexin channels. The PIEZO1 activator Yoda1 mimicked the effect of fluid shear stress on endothelial cells and induced vasorelaxation in a PIEZO1-dependent manner. Furthermore, mice with induced endothelium-specific PIEZO1 deficiency lost the ability to induce NO formation and vasodilation in response to flow and consequently developed hypertension. Together, our data demonstrate that PIEZO1 is required for the regulation of NO formation, vascular tone, and blood pressure.
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48
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Differential effects of pannexins on noise-induced hearing loss. Biochem J 2016; 473:4665-4680. [PMID: 27784763 DOI: 10.1042/bcj20160668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2016] [Revised: 10/14/2016] [Accepted: 10/24/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Hearing loss, including noise-induced hearing loss, is highly prevalent and severely hinders an individual's quality of life, yet many of the mechanisms that cause hearing loss are unknown. The pannexin (Panx) channel proteins, Panx1 and Panx3, are regionally expressed in many cell types along the auditory pathway, and mice lacking Panx1 in specific cells of the inner ear exhibit hearing loss, suggesting a vital role for Panxs in hearing. We proposed that Panx1 and/or Panx3 null mice would exhibit severe hearing loss and increased susceptibility to noise-induced hearing loss. Using the auditory brainstem response, we surprisingly found that Panx1-/- and Panx3-/- mice did not harbor hearing or cochlear nerve deficits. Furthermore, while Panx1-/- mice displayed no protection against loud noise-induced hearing loss, Panx3-/- mice exhibited enhanced 16- and 24-kHz hearing recovery 7 days after a loud noise exposure (NE; 12 kHz tone, 115 dB sound pressure level, 1 h). Interestingly, Cx26, Cx30, Cx43, and Panx2 were up-regulated in Panx3-/- mice compared with wild-type and/or Panx1-/- mice, and assessment of the auditory tract revealed morphological changes in the middle ear bones of Panx3-/- mice. It is unclear if these changes alone are sufficient to provide protection against loud noise-induced hearing loss. Contrary to what we expected, these data suggest that Panx1 and Panx3 are not essential for baseline hearing in mice tested, but the therapeutic targeting of Panx3 may prove protective against mid-high-frequency hearing loss caused by loud NE.
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Meems LMG, Mahmud H, Buikema H, Tost J, Michel S, Takens J, Verkaik-Schakel RN, Vreeswijk-Baudoin I, Mateo-Leach IV, van der Harst P, Plösch T, de Boer RA. Parental vitamin D deficiency during pregnancy is associated with increased blood pressure in offspring via Panx1 hypermethylation. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2016; 311:H1459-H1469. [PMID: 27769995 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00141.2016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2016] [Revised: 10/05/2016] [Accepted: 10/10/2016] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Vitamin D deficiency is one of the most common nutritional deficiencies worldwide. Maternal vitamin D deficiency is associated with increased susceptibility to hypertension in offspring, but the reasons for this remain unknown. The aim of this study was to determine if parental vitamin D deficiency leads to altered DNA methylation in offspring that may relate to hypertension. Male and female Sprague-Dawley rats were fed a standard or vitamin D-depleted diet. After 10 wk, nonsibling rats were mated. The conceived pups received standard chow. We observed an increased systolic and diastolic blood pressure in the offspring from depleted parents (F1-depl). Genome-wide methylation analyses in offspring identified hypermethylation of the promoter region of the Pannexin-1 (Panx1) gene in F1-depl rats. Panx1 encodes a hemichannel known to be involved in endothelial-dependent relaxation, and we demonstrated that in F1-depl rats the increase in blood pressure was associated with impaired endothelial relaxation of the large vessels, suggesting an underlying biological mechanism of increased blood pressure in children from parents with vitamin deficiency. Parental vitamin D deficiency is associated with epigenetic changes and increased blood pressure levels in offspring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura M G Meems
- Department of Cardiology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Hasan Mahmud
- Department of Cardiology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Hendrik Buikema
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmacology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Jörg Tost
- Centre National de Génotypage, CEA-Institute de Génomique, Laboratory for Epigenetics and Environment, Evry, France
| | - Sven Michel
- Department of Pediatric Pneumology and Allergy, University Children's Hospital Regensburg (KUNO), Regensburg, Germany; and
| | - Janny Takens
- Department of Cardiology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Rikst N Verkaik-Schakel
- Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Inge Vreeswijk-Baudoin
- Department of Cardiology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Irene V Mateo-Leach
- Department of Cardiology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Pim van der Harst
- Department of Cardiology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Torsten Plösch
- Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Rudolf A de Boer
- Department of Cardiology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands;
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Loss of Panx1 Impairs Mammary Gland Development at Lactation: Implications for Breast Tumorigenesis. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0154162. [PMID: 27099931 PMCID: PMC4839729 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0154162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2016] [Accepted: 04/08/2016] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Pannexin1 (Panx1) subunits oligomerize to form large-pore channels between the intracellular and extracellular milieu that have been shown to regulate proliferation, differentiation and cell death mechanisms. These key cellular responses are ultimately necessary for normal tissue development and function but the role of Panx1 in development, differentiation and function in many tissues remains unexplored, including that of the breast. Panx1 was identified to be expressed in the mammary gland through western blot and immunofluorescent analysis and is dynamically upregulated during pregnancy and lactation. In order to evaluate the role of Panx1 in the context of mammary gland development and function, Panx1-/- mice were evaluated in comparison to wild-type mice in the mammary glands of virgin, lactating and involuting mice. Our results revealed that Panx1 ablation did not affect virgin or involuting mammary glands following histological and whole mount analysis. Panx1 was necessary for timely alveolar development during early lactation based on a decreased number of alveolar lumen following histological analysis and reduced proliferation following Ki67 immunofluorescent labelling. Importantly, the loss of Panx1 in lactating mammary glands did not overtly affect epithelial or secretory differentiation of the mammary gland suggesting that Panx1 is not critical in normal mammary gland function. In addition, PANX1 mRNA expression was correlated with negative clinical outcomes in patients with breast cancer using in silico arrays. Together, our results suggest that Panx1 is necessary for timely alveolar development following the transition from pregnancy to lactation, which may have implications extending to patients with breast cancer.
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