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Ferdous Z, Beegam S, Zaaba NE, Nemmar A. Exposure to Waterpipe Smoke Disrupts Erythrocyte Homeostasis of BALB/c Mice. BIOLOGY 2024; 13:453. [PMID: 38927333 PMCID: PMC11200634 DOI: 10.3390/biology13060453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2024] [Revised: 06/14/2024] [Accepted: 06/15/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024]
Abstract
The prevalence of waterpipe tobacco smoking (WPS) is increasing worldwide and is relatively high among youth and young adults. It has been shown, both experimentally and clinically, that WPS exposure adversely affects the cardiovascular and hematological systems through the generation of oxidative stress and inflammation. Our study aimed to evaluate the impact of WPS exposure on erythrocytes, a major component of the hematological system, of BALB/c mice. Here, we assessed the effect of nose-only WPS exposure for four consecutive weeks on erythrocyte inflammation, oxidative stress, and eryptosis. The duration of the session was 30 min/day, 5 days/week. Control mice were exposed to air. Our results showed that the levels of C-reactive protein, lipid peroxidation (LPO), superoxide dismutase, and total nitric oxide (NO) were significantly increased in the plasma of WPS-exposed mice. The number of erythrocytes and the hematocrit were significantly decreased in WPS-exposed mice compared with the control group. Moreover, there was an increase in the erythrocyte fragility in mice exposed to WPS compared with those exposed to air. The levels of lactate dehydrogenase, LPO, reduced glutathione, catalase, and NO were significantly increased in the red blood cells (RBCs) of WPS-exposed mice. In addition, erythrocytes of the WPS-exposed group showed a significant increase in ATPase activity, Ca2+, annexin V binding, and calpain activity. Taken together, our findings suggest that WPS exposure elevated inflammation and oxidative stress in the plasma and induced hemolysis in vivo. It also caused alterations of RBCs oxidative stress and eryptosis in vitro. Our data confirm the detrimental impact of WPS on erythrocyte physiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zannatul Ferdous
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain P.O. Box 15551, United Arab Emirates; (Z.F.); (S.B.)
| | - Sumaya Beegam
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain P.O. Box 15551, United Arab Emirates; (Z.F.); (S.B.)
| | - Nur E. Zaaba
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain P.O. Box 15551, United Arab Emirates; (Z.F.); (S.B.)
| | - Abderrahim Nemmar
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain P.O. Box 15551, United Arab Emirates; (Z.F.); (S.B.)
- Zayed Center for Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain P.O. Box 15551, United Arab Emirates
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Sandesha VD, Naveen P, Manikanta K, Mahalingam SS, Girish KS, Kemparaju K. Hump-Nosed Pit Viper ( Hypnale hypnale) Venom-Induced Irreversible Red Blood Cell Aggregation, Inhibition by Monovalent Anti-Venom and N-Acetylcysteine. Cells 2024; 13:994. [PMID: 38920625 PMCID: PMC11201549 DOI: 10.3390/cells13120994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2024] [Revised: 06/03/2024] [Accepted: 06/05/2024] [Indexed: 06/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Envenomation by the Hypnale hypnale in the Western Ghats of India (particularly in the Malabar region of Kerala) and the subcontinent island nation of Sri Lanka is known to inflict devastating mortality and morbidity. Currently, H. hypnale bites in India are devoid of anti-venom regimens. A detailed characterization of the venom is essential to stress the need for therapeutic anti-venom. Notably, the deleterious effects of this venom on human blood cells have largely remained less explored. Therefore, in continuation of our previous study, in the present study, we envisioned investigating the effect of venom on the morphological and physiological properties of red blood cells (RBCs). The venom readily induced deleterious morphological changes and, finally, the aggregation of washed RBCs. The aggregation process was independent of the ROS and the intracellular Ca2+ ion concentration. Confocal and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) images revealed the loss of biconcave morphology and massive cytoskeletal disarray. Crenation or serrated plasma membrane projections were evenly distributed on the surface of the RBCs. The venom did not cause the formation of methemoglobin in washed RBCs but was significantly induced in whole blood. Venom did not affect glucose uptake and Na+/K+ -ATPase activity but inhibited glucose 6 phosphate dehydrogenase activity and decreased the fluidity of the plasma membrane. Venom-induced RBC aggregates exhibited pro-coagulant activity but without affecting platelet aggregation. In pre-incubation or co-treatment studies, none of the bioactive compounds, such as melatonin, curcumin, fisetin, berberine, and quercetin, sugars such as mannose and galactose, and therapeutic polyvalent anti-venoms (Bharat and VINS) were inhibited, whereas only N-acetylcysteine and H. hypnale monovalent anti-venom could inhibit venom-induced deleterious morphological changes and aggregation of RBCs. In post-treatment studies, paradoxically, none of the bioactives and anti-venoms, including N-acetylcysteine and H. hypnale monovalent anti-venom, reversed the venom-induced RBC aggregates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vaddaragudisalu D. Sandesha
- Department of Studies in Biochemistry, University of Mysore, Manasagangotri, Mysuru 570006, Karnataka, India; (V.D.S.); (P.N.); (K.M.)
| | - Puttaswamy Naveen
- Department of Studies in Biochemistry, University of Mysore, Manasagangotri, Mysuru 570006, Karnataka, India; (V.D.S.); (P.N.); (K.M.)
| | - Kurnegala Manikanta
- Department of Studies in Biochemistry, University of Mysore, Manasagangotri, Mysuru 570006, Karnataka, India; (V.D.S.); (P.N.); (K.M.)
| | - Shanmuga S. Mahalingam
- Department of Biological Sciences, School of Dental Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA;
| | - Kesturu S. Girish
- Department of Studies and Research in Biochemistry, Tumkur University, Tumakuru 572103, Karnataka, India
| | - Kempaiah Kemparaju
- Department of Studies in Biochemistry, University of Mysore, Manasagangotri, Mysuru 570006, Karnataka, India; (V.D.S.); (P.N.); (K.M.)
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Tkachenko A. Hemocompatibility studies in nanotoxicology: Hemolysis or eryptosis? (A review). Toxicol In Vitro 2024; 98:105814. [PMID: 38582230 DOI: 10.1016/j.tiv.2024.105814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2024] [Revised: 03/13/2024] [Accepted: 04/03/2024] [Indexed: 04/08/2024]
Abstract
Hemocompatibility evaluation is an important step in nanotoxicological studies. It is generally accepted that nanomaterials promote lysis of erythrocytes, blood clotting, alter phagocytosis, and upregulate pro-inflammatory cytokines. However, there are no standardized guidelines for testing nanomaterials hemocompatibility despite the fact that nanomaterials enter the bloodstream and interact with blood cells. In this review, the current knowledge on the ability of nanomaterials to induce distinct cell death modalities of erythrocytes is highlighted primarily focusing on hemolysis and eryptosis. This review aims to summarize the molecular mechanisms underlying erythrotoxicity of nanomaterials and critically compare the sensitivity and efficiency of hemolysis or eryptosis assays for nanomaterials blood compatibility testing. The list of eryptosis-inducing nanomaterials is growing, but it is still difficult to generalize how physico-chemical properties of nanoparticles affect eryptosis degree and molecular mechanisms involved. Thus, another aim of this review is to raise the awareness of eryptosis as a nanotoxicological tool to encourage the corresponding studies. It is worthwhile to consider adding eryptosis to in vitro nanomaterials hemocompatibility testing protocols and guidelines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anton Tkachenko
- BIOCEV, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Průmyslová 595, 25250 Vestec, Czech Republic.
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Virzì GM, Morisi N, Marturano D, Milan Manani S, Tantillo I, Ronco C, Zanella M. Peritoneal Inflammation in PD-Related Peritonitis Induces Systemic Eryptosis: In Vitro and In Vivo Assessments. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:4284. [PMID: 38673869 PMCID: PMC11049828 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25084284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2024] [Revised: 04/05/2024] [Accepted: 04/11/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Erythrocytes (RBCs) have a highly specialized and organized membrane structure and undergo programmed cell death, known as eryptosis. Our preliminary data show a significant increase in the eryptosis during peritoneal dialysis (PD)-associated peritonitis. The objectives of the present study were assessment of the incrementation of eryptosis in PD patients with peritonitis, evaluation of the relationship between systemic eryptosis in peritonitis and specific peritonitis biomarkers in PD effluent (PDE), and confirmation of the induction of eryptosis by peritonitis in a vitro setting. We enrolled 22 PD patients with peritonitis and 17 healthy subjects (control group, CTR). For the in vivo study, eryptosis was measured in freshly isolated RBCs. For the in vitro study, healthy RBCs were exposed to the plasma of 22 PD patients with peritonitis and the plasma of the CTR group for 2, 4, and 24 h. Eryptosis was evaluated by flow cytometric analyses in vivo and in vitro. PDE samples were collected for biomarkers analysis.The percentage of eryptotic RBCs was significantly higher in PD patients with peritonitis than in CTR (PD patients with peritonitis: 7.7; IQR 4.3-14.2, versus CTR: 0.8; IQR 0.7-1.3; p < 0.001). We confirmed these in vivo results by in vitro experiments: healthy RBCs incubated with plasma from PD patients with peritonitis demonstrated a significant increase in eryptosis compared to healthy RBCs exposed to plasma from the control group at all times. Furthermore, significant positive correlations were observed between eryptosis level and all analyzed peritoneal biomarkers of peritonitis. We investigated a potential connection between systemic eryptosis and peritoneal biomarkers of peritonitis. Up-regulation of inflammatory markers could explain the increased rate of systemic eryptosis during PD-related peritonitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grazia Maria Virzì
- Department of Nephrology, Dialysis and Transplant, St Bortolo Hospital, 36100 Vicenza, Italy; (D.M.); (S.M.M.); (I.T.); (M.Z.)
- IRRIV—International Renal Research Institute, 36100 Vicenza, Italy; (N.M.); (C.R.)
| | - Niccolò Morisi
- IRRIV—International Renal Research Institute, 36100 Vicenza, Italy; (N.M.); (C.R.)
- Nephrology Dialysis and Renal Transplantation Unit, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 41121 Modena, Italy
| | - Davide Marturano
- Department of Nephrology, Dialysis and Transplant, St Bortolo Hospital, 36100 Vicenza, Italy; (D.M.); (S.M.M.); (I.T.); (M.Z.)
- IRRIV—International Renal Research Institute, 36100 Vicenza, Italy; (N.M.); (C.R.)
| | - Sabrina Milan Manani
- Department of Nephrology, Dialysis and Transplant, St Bortolo Hospital, 36100 Vicenza, Italy; (D.M.); (S.M.M.); (I.T.); (M.Z.)
- IRRIV—International Renal Research Institute, 36100 Vicenza, Italy; (N.M.); (C.R.)
| | - Ilaria Tantillo
- Department of Nephrology, Dialysis and Transplant, St Bortolo Hospital, 36100 Vicenza, Italy; (D.M.); (S.M.M.); (I.T.); (M.Z.)
- IRRIV—International Renal Research Institute, 36100 Vicenza, Italy; (N.M.); (C.R.)
| | - Claudio Ronco
- IRRIV—International Renal Research Institute, 36100 Vicenza, Italy; (N.M.); (C.R.)
| | - Monica Zanella
- Department of Nephrology, Dialysis and Transplant, St Bortolo Hospital, 36100 Vicenza, Italy; (D.M.); (S.M.M.); (I.T.); (M.Z.)
- IRRIV—International Renal Research Institute, 36100 Vicenza, Italy; (N.M.); (C.R.)
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Tkachenko A. Apoptosis and eryptosis: similarities and differences. Apoptosis 2024; 29:482-502. [PMID: 38036865 DOI: 10.1007/s10495-023-01915-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/29/2023] [Indexed: 12/02/2023]
Abstract
Eryptosis is a regulated cell death (RCD) of mature erythrocytes initially described as a counterpart of apoptosis for enucleated cells. However, over the recent years, a growing number of studies have emphasized certain differences between both cell death modalities. In this review paper, we underline the hallmarks of eryptosis and apoptosis and highlight resemblances and dissimilarities between both RCDs. We summarize and critically discuss differences in the impact of caspase-3, Ca2+ signaling, ROS signaling pathways, opposing roles of casein kinase 1α, protein kinase C, Janus kinase 3, cyclin-dependent kinase 4, and AMP-activated protein kinase to highlight a certain degree of divergence between apoptosis and eryptosis. This review emphasizes the crucial importance of further studies that focus on deepening our knowledge of cell death machinery and identifying novel differences between cell death of nucleated and enucleated cells. This might provide evidence that erythrocytes can be defined as viable entities capable of programmed cell destruction. Additionally, the revealed cell type-specific patterns in cell death can facilitate the development of cell death-modulating therapeutic agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anton Tkachenko
- 1st Faculty of Medicine, BIOCEV, Charles University, Průmyslová 595, 25250, Vestec, Czech Republic.
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Restivo I, Giardina IC, Barone R, Cilla A, Burgio S, Allegra M, Tesoriere L, Attanzio A. Indicaxanthin prevents eryptosis induced by cigarette smoke extract by interfering with active Fas-mediated signaling. Biofactors 2024. [PMID: 38520710 DOI: 10.1002/biof.2051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2023] [Accepted: 02/19/2024] [Indexed: 03/25/2024]
Abstract
A physiological mechanism of programmed cell death called eryptosis occurs in aged or damaged red blood cells (RBCs). Dysregulated eryptosis contributes to abnormal microcirculation and prothrombotic risk. Cigarette smoke extract (CSE) induces a p38 MAPK-initiated, Fas-mediated eryptosis, activating the death-inducing signaling complex (DISC). Indicaxanthin (Ind) from cactus pear fruits, is a bioavailable dietary phytochemical in humans and it is able to incorporate into RBCs enhancing their defense against numerous stimuli. This in vitro work shows that Ind, at concentrations that mimic plasma concentrations after a fruit meal, protects erythrocytes from CSE-induced eryptosis. CSE from commercial cigarettes was prepared in aqueous solution using an impinger air sampler and nicotine content was determined. RBCs were treated with CSE for 3 h in the absence or presence of increasing concentrations of Ind (from 1 to 5 μM). Cytofluorimetric measurements indicated that Ind reduced CSE-induced phosphatidylserine externalization and ceramide formation in a concentration-dependent manner. Confocal microscopy visualization and coimmunoprecipitation experiments revealed that Ind prevented both CSE-triggered Fas aggregation and FasL/FADD/caspase 8 recruitment in the membrane, indicating inhibition of DISC assembly. Ind inhibited the phosphorylation of p38 MAPK, caspase-8/caspase-3 cleavage, and caspase-3 activity induced by CSE. Finally, Ind reduced CSE-induced ATP depletion and restored aminophospholipid translocase activity impaired by CSE treatment. In conclusion, Ind concentrations comparable to nutritionally relevant plasma concentrations, can prevent Fas-mediated RBC death signaling induced by CSE, which suggests that dietary intake of cactus pear fruits may limit the deleterious effects of cigarette smoking.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ignazio Restivo
- Department of Biological, Chemical and Pharmaceutical Science and Technologies, Università degli Studi di Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Ilenia Concetta Giardina
- Department of Biological, Chemical and Pharmaceutical Science and Technologies, Università degli Studi di Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Rosario Barone
- Department of Biomedicine, Neuroscience and Advanced Diagnostics, Section of Human Anatomy, Università di Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Antonio Cilla
- Nutrition and Food Science Area, Faculty of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, University of Valencia, Burjassot, Valencia, Spain
| | - Stefano Burgio
- Department of Biomedicine, Neuroscience and Advanced Diagnostics, Section of Human Anatomy, Università di Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Mario Allegra
- Department of Biological, Chemical and Pharmaceutical Science and Technologies, Università degli Studi di Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Luisa Tesoriere
- Department of Biological, Chemical and Pharmaceutical Science and Technologies, Università degli Studi di Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Alessandro Attanzio
- Department of Biological, Chemical and Pharmaceutical Science and Technologies, Università degli Studi di Palermo, Palermo, Italy
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Alghareeb SA, Alfhili MA, Alsughayyir J. Stimulation of Hemolysis and Eryptosis by β-Caryophyllene Oxide. Life (Basel) 2023; 13:2299. [PMID: 38137900 PMCID: PMC10744803 DOI: 10.3390/life13122299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2023] [Revised: 11/27/2023] [Accepted: 11/28/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Eryptosis stimulated by anticancer drugs can lead to anemia in patients. β-caryophyllene oxide (CPO) is an anticancer sesquiterpene present in various plants; however, its effect on the structure and function of human red blood cells (RBCs) remains unexplored. The aim of this study was to investigate the hemolytic and eryptotic activities and underlying molecular mechanisms of CPO in human RBCs. METHODS Cells were treated with 10-100 μM of CPO for 24 h at 37 °C, and hemolysis, LDH, AST, and AChE activities were photometrically assayed. Flow cytometry was employed to determine changes in cell volume from FSC, phosphatidylserine (PS) externalization by annexin-V-FITC, intracellular calcium by Fluo4/AM, and oxidative stress by 2',7'-dichlorodihydrofluorescein diacetate (H2DCFDA). Cells were also cotreated with CPO and specific signaling inhibitors and antihemolytic agents. Furthermore, whole blood was exposed to CPO to assess its toxicity to other peripheral blood cells. RESULTS CPO induced concentration-responsive hemolysis with LDH and AST leakage, in addition to PS exposure, cell shrinkage, Ca2+ accumulation, oxidative stress, and reduced AChE activity. The toxicity of CPO was ameliorated by D4476, staurosporin, and necrosulfonamide. ATP and PEG 8000 protected the cells from hemolysis, while urea and isotonic sucrose had opposite effects. CONCLUSIONS CPO stimulates hemolysis and eryptosis through energy depletion, Ca2+ buildup, oxidative stress, and the signaling mediators casein kinase 1α, protein kinase C, and mixed lineage kinase domain-like pseudokinase. Development of CPO as an anticancer therapeutic must be approached with prudence to mitigate adverse effects on RBCs using eryptosis inhibitors, Ca2+ channel blockers, and antioxidants.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Jawaher Alsughayyir
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh 12372, Saudi Arabia; (S.A.A.); (M.A.A.)
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Marcello M, Virzì GM, Marturano D, de Cal M, Marchionna N, Sgarabotto L, De Rosa S, Ronco C, Zanella M. The Cytotoxic Effect of Septic Plasma on Healthy RBCs: Is Eryptosis a New Mechanism for Sepsis? Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:14176. [PMID: 37762478 PMCID: PMC10531772 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241814176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2023] [Revised: 09/11/2023] [Accepted: 09/14/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Sepsis is a life-threatening multiple-organ dysfunction induced by infection and is one of the leading causes of mortality and critical illness worldwide. The pathogenesis of sepsis involves the alteration of several biochemical pathways such as immune response, coagulation, dysfunction of endothelium and tissue damage through cellular death and/or apoptosis. Recently, in vitro and in vivo studies reported changes in the morphology and in the shape of human red blood cells (RBCs) causing erythrocyte death (eryptosis) during sepsis. Characteristics of eryptosis include cell shrinkage, membrane blebbing, and surface exposure to phosphatidylserine (PS), which attract macrophages. The aim of this study was to evaluate the in vitro induction of eryptosis on healthy RBCs exposed to septic plasma at different time points. Furthermore, we preliminary investigated the in vivo levels of eryptosis in septic patients and its relationship with Endotoxin Activity Assay (EAA), mortality and other biological markers of inflammation and oxidative stress. We enrolled 16 septic patients and 16 healthy subjects (no systemic inflammation in the last 3 months) as a control group. At diagnosis, we measured Interleukin-6 (IL-6) and Myeloperoxidase (MPO). For in vitro study, healthy RBCs were exposed to the plasma of septic patients and CTR for 15 min, 1, 2, 4 and 24 h. Morphological markers of death and eryptosis were evaluated by flow cytometric analyses. The cytotoxic effect of septic plasma on RBCs was studied in vitro at 15 min, 1, 2, 4 and 24 h. Healthy RBCs incubated with plasma from septic patients went through significant morphological changes and eryptosis compared to those exposed to plasma from the control group at all time points (all, p < 0.001). IL-6 and MPO levels were significantly higher in septic patients than in controls (both, p < 0.001). The percentage of AnnexinV-binding RBCs was significantly higher in septic patients with EAA level ≥0.60 (positive EAA: 32.4%, IQR 27.6-36.2) compared to septic patients with EAA level <0.60 (negative EAA: 14.7%, IQR 5.7-30.7) (p = 0.04). Significant correlations were observed between eryptosis and EAA levels (Spearman rho2 = 0.50, p < 0.05), IL-6 (Spearman rho2 = 0.61, p < 0.05) and MPO (Spearman rho2 = 0.70, p < 0.05). In conclusion, we observed a quick and great cytotoxic effect of septic plasma on healthy RBCs and a strong correlation with other biomarkers of severity of sepsis. Based on these results, we confirmed the pathological role of eryptosis in sepsis and we hypothesized its use as a biomarker of sepsis, potentially helping physicians to face important treatment decisions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matteo Marcello
- Department of Nephrology, Dialysis and Transplant, St Bortolo Hospital, 36100 Vicenza, Italy (M.Z.)
- IRRIV-International Renal Research Institute, 36100 Vicenza, Italy
| | - Grazia Maria Virzì
- Department of Nephrology, Dialysis and Transplant, St Bortolo Hospital, 36100 Vicenza, Italy (M.Z.)
- IRRIV-International Renal Research Institute, 36100 Vicenza, Italy
| | - Davide Marturano
- Department of Nephrology, Dialysis and Transplant, St Bortolo Hospital, 36100 Vicenza, Italy (M.Z.)
- IRRIV-International Renal Research Institute, 36100 Vicenza, Italy
- Nephrology, Dialysis and Transplantation Unit, Department of Medicine, University of Padova, 35100 Padova, Italy
| | - Massimo de Cal
- Department of Nephrology, Dialysis and Transplant, St Bortolo Hospital, 36100 Vicenza, Italy (M.Z.)
- IRRIV-International Renal Research Institute, 36100 Vicenza, Italy
| | - Nicola Marchionna
- Department of Nephrology, Dialysis and Transplant, St Bortolo Hospital, 36100 Vicenza, Italy (M.Z.)
- IRRIV-International Renal Research Institute, 36100 Vicenza, Italy
| | - Luca Sgarabotto
- Department of Nephrology, Dialysis and Transplant, St Bortolo Hospital, 36100 Vicenza, Italy (M.Z.)
- IRRIV-International Renal Research Institute, 36100 Vicenza, Italy
| | - Silvia De Rosa
- Centre for Medical Sciences-CISMed, University of Trento, Via S. Maria Maddalena 1, 38122 Trento, Italy
- Anesthesia and Intensive Care, Santa Chiara Regional Hospital, APSS, 38122 Trento, Italy
| | - Claudio Ronco
- IRRIV-International Renal Research Institute, 36100 Vicenza, Italy
| | - Monica Zanella
- Department of Nephrology, Dialysis and Transplant, St Bortolo Hospital, 36100 Vicenza, Italy (M.Z.)
- IRRIV-International Renal Research Institute, 36100 Vicenza, Italy
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Yang Y, Shi M, Liu X, Zhu Q, Xu Z, Liu G, Feng T, Stewart T, Zhang J. Calcium influx: An essential process by which α-Synuclein regulates morphology of erythrocytes. J Adv Res 2023:S2090-1232(23)00257-6. [PMID: 37714326 DOI: 10.1016/j.jare.2023.09.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2022] [Revised: 09/06/2023] [Accepted: 09/11/2023] [Indexed: 09/17/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Morphological abnormalities of erythrocytes/red blood cells (RBCs), e.g., increased acanthocytes, in Parkinson's disease (PD) have been reported previously, although the underlying mechanisms remain to be characterized. In this study, the potential roles of α-synuclein (α-syn), a protein critically involved in PD and highly abundant in RBCs, were studied in PD patients as well as in a PD mouse model. METHODS Transgenic [PAC-Tg (SNCAA53T), A53T] mice overexpressing A53T mutant α-syn and SNCA knockout mice were employed to characterize the effect of α-syn on RBC morphology. In addition to A53T and SNCA knockout mice, the morphology of RBCs of PD patients was also examined using scanning electron microscopy. The potential roles of α-syn were further investigated in cultured RBCs and mice. RESULTS Morphological abnormalities of RBCs and increased accumulation of aggregated α-syn on the RBC membrane were observed in PD patients. A similar phenomenon was also observed in A53T mice. Furthermore, while mice lacking α-syn expression showed a lower proportion of acanthocytes, treating RBCs derived from SNCA knockout mice with aggregated α-syn resulted in a higher percentage of acanthocytes. In a follow-up proteomic investigation, several major classes of proteins were identified as α-syn-associated proteins on the RBC membrane, seven of which were calcium-binding proteins. Applying aggregated α-syn to the RBC membrane directly induced extracellular calcium influx along with morphological changes; both observations were adequately reversed by blocking calcium influx. CONCLUSIONS This study demonstrated that α-syn plays a critical role in PD-associated morphological abnormalities of RBCs, at least partially via a process mediated by extracellular calcium influx.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Yang
- Department of Pathology, Zhejiang University First Affiliated Hospital and School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310002, China; Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Third Hospital, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Min Shi
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA 98104, USA
| | - Xiaodan Liu
- Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Third Hospital, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Qiaoyun Zhu
- Central Laboratory, Zhejiang University First Affiliated Hospital and School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310002, China
| | - Zhi Xu
- Department of Pathology, Zhejiang University First Affiliated Hospital and School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310002, China
| | - Genliang Liu
- Center for Movement Disorders, Department of Neurology, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100070, China; China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, Beijing 100070, China
| | - Tao Feng
- Center for Movement Disorders, Department of Neurology, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100070, China; China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, Beijing 100070, China.
| | - Tessandra Stewart
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA 98104, USA.
| | - Jing Zhang
- Department of Pathology, Zhejiang University First Affiliated Hospital and School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310002, China; National Human Brain Bank for Health and Disease, Zhejiang University, Zhejiang, Hangzhou, China.
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Kaliuzhka V, Tkachenko A, Myasoedov V, Markevych M, Onishchenko A, Babalyan I, Piatykop V. The Prognostic Value of Eryptosis Parameters in the Cerebrospinal Fluid for Cerebral Vasospasm and Delayed Cerebral Ischemia Formation. World Neurosurg 2023; 173:e578-e585. [PMID: 36842532 DOI: 10.1016/j.wneu.2023.02.096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2022] [Revised: 02/19/2023] [Accepted: 02/20/2023] [Indexed: 02/26/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Delayed cerebral ischemia (DCI) and cerebral vasospasm (VS.) contribute to poor outcomes in patients with aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (aSAH). The pathophysiology of DCI is not fully understood, and this has hindered the adoption of a uniform definition. Reliable diagnostic tests and effective evidence-based treatment are lacking. This study explored the possibility of using eryptosis parameters in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) as a marker for early detection of VS and DCI. METHODS Twenty-one SAH patients were recruited and treated at Kharkiv Regional Hospital. The occurrences of DCI and VS were also recorded. Flow cytometry was used to assess eryptosis indices in the CSF by analyzing phosphatidylserine externalization in erythrocytes using annexin V staining and evaluating reactive oxygen species generation using 2,7-dichlorodihydrofluorescein (DCF) diacetate staining. RESULTS The percentage of annexin-positive red blood cells (RBCs) in the VS group was significantly higher than that in the non-VS group (P = 0.0017). Furthermore, higher values of this index were significantly associated with DCI formation (P < 0.0001). Patients with VS had higher mean fluorescence intensity values of DCF in RBCs compared to patients without VS (P = 0.0258). Patients with DCI also had higher mean fluorescence intensity values of DCF in RBCs (P = 0.0282). A higher percentage of annexin-positive RBCs following 3 days of aSAH was correlated with poor 3-month neurological outcomes (r = 0.7). CONCLUSIONS Our findings indicate a strong correlation between eryptosis level and DCI in a sizable series of patients with aSAH. Correlations between eryptosis indicators in the CSF and clinical and radiological manifestations suggest that eryptosis parameters are promising diagnostic biomarkers for DCI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vladyslav Kaliuzhka
- Department of Neurosurgery, Kharkiv National Medical University, Kharkiv, Ukraine; Communal Non-Commercial Enterprise of Kharkiv Regional Council "Regional Clinical Hospital", Kharkiv, Ukraine.
| | - Anton Tkachenko
- Research Institute of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Kharkiv National Medical University, Kharkiv, Ukraine
| | - Valeriy Myasoedov
- Department of Medical Biology, Kharkiv National Medical University, Kharkiv, Ukraine
| | - Mykyta Markevych
- Department of Internal Medicine and Endocrinology, Kharkiv National Medical University, Kharkiv, Ukraine; Communal Non-Commercial Enterprise of Kharkiv Regional Council "Regional Clinical Hospital", Kharkiv, Ukraine
| | - Anatolii Onishchenko
- Research Institute of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Kharkiv National Medical University, Kharkiv, Ukraine
| | - Iurii Babalyan
- Department of Neurosurgery, Kharkiv National Medical University, Kharkiv, Ukraine; Communal Non-Commercial Enterprise of Kharkiv Regional Council "Regional Clinical Hospital", Kharkiv, Ukraine
| | - Volodymyr Piatykop
- Department of Neurosurgery, Kharkiv National Medical University, Kharkiv, Ukraine; Communal Non-Commercial Enterprise of Kharkiv Regional Council "Regional Clinical Hospital", Kharkiv, Ukraine
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11
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Tkachenko A, Onishchenko A, Myasoedov V, Yefimova S, Havranek O. Assessing regulated cell death modalities as an efficient tool for in vitro nanotoxicity screening: a review. Nanotoxicology 2023; 17:218-248. [PMID: 37083543 DOI: 10.1080/17435390.2023.2203239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/22/2023]
Abstract
Nanomedicine is a fast-growing field of nanotechnology. One of the major obstacles for a wider use of nanomaterials for medical application is the lack of standardized toxicity screening protocols for assessing the safety of newly synthesized nanomaterials. In this review, we focus on less frequently studied nanomaterials-induced regulated cell death (RCD) modalities, including eryptosis, necroptosis, pyroptosis, and ferroptosis, as a tool for in vitro nanomaterials safety evaluation. We summarize the latest insights into the mechanisms that mediate these RCDs in response to nanomaterials exposure. Comprehensive data from reviewed studies suggest that ROS (reactive oxygen species) overproduction and ROS-mediated pathways play a central role in nanomaterials-induced RCDs activation. On the other hand, studies also suggest that individual properties of nanomaterials, including size, shape, or surface charge, could determine specific toxicity pathways with consequent RCD induction as well. We anticipate that the evaluation of RCDs can become one of the mechanism-based screening methods in nanotoxicology. In addition to the toxicity assessment, evaluation of necroptosis-, pyroptosis-, and ferroptosis-promoting capacity of nanomaterials could simultaneously provide useful information for specific medical applications as could be their anti-tumor potential. Moreover, a detailed understanding of molecular mechanisms driving nanomaterials-mediated induction of immunogenic RCDs will substantially aid novel anti-tumor nanodrugs development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anton Tkachenko
- BIOCEV, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Vestec, Czechia
- Research Institute of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Kharkiv National Medical University, Kharkiv, Ukraine
| | - Anatolii Onishchenko
- Research Institute of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Kharkiv National Medical University, Kharkiv, Ukraine
| | - Valeriy Myasoedov
- Department of Medical Biology, Kharkiv National Medical University, Kharkiv, Ukraine
| | - Svetlana Yefimova
- Institute for Scintillation Materials, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Kharkiv, Ukraine
| | - Ondrej Havranek
- BIOCEV, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Vestec, Czechia
- Department of Hematology, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General University Hospital, Prague, Czechia
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12
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Fadhel MN, Appak Baskoy S, Wang Y, Hysi E, Kolios MC. Use of photoacoustic imaging for monitoring vascular disrupting cancer treatments. JOURNAL OF BIOPHOTONICS 2023; 16:e202000209. [PMID: 32888381 DOI: 10.1002/jbio.202000209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2020] [Revised: 08/17/2020] [Accepted: 08/19/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Vascular disrupting agents disrupt tumor vessels, blocking the nutritional and oxygen supply tumors need to thrive. This is achieved by damaging the endothelium lining of blood vessels, resulting in red blood cells (RBCs) entering the tumor parenchyma. RBCs present in the extracellular matrix are exposed to external stressors resulting in biochemical and physiological changes. The detection of these changes can be used to monitor the efficacy of cancer treatments. Spectroscopic photoacoustic (PA) imaging is an ideal candidate for probing RBCs due to their high optical absorption relative to surrounding tissue. The goal of this work is to use PA imaging to monitor the efficacy of the vascular disrupting agent 5,6-Dimethylxanthenone-4-acetic acid (DMXAA) through quantitative analysis. Then, 4T1 breast cancer cells were injected subcutaneously into the left hind leg of eight BALB/c mice. After 10 days, half of the mice were treated with 15 mg/kg of DMXAA and the other half were injected with saline. All mice were imaged using the VevoLAZR X PA system before treatment, 24 and 72 hours after treatment. The imaging was done at six wavelengths and linear spectral unmixing was applied to the PA images to quantify three forms of hemoglobin (oxy, deoxy and met-hemoglobin). After imaging, tumors were histologically processed and H&E and TUNEL staining were used to detect the tissue damage induced by the DMXAA treatment. The total hemoglobin concentration remained unchanged after treatment for the saline treated mice. For DMXAA treated mice, a 10% increase of deoxyhemoglobin concentration was detected 24 hours after treatment and a 22.6% decrease in total hemoglobin concentration was observed by 72 hours. A decrease in the PA spectral slope parameters was measured 24 hours after treatment. This suggests that DMXAA induces vascular damage, causing red blood cells to extravasate. Furthermore, H&E staining of the tumor showed areas of bleeding with erythrocyte deposition. These observations are further supported by the increase in TUNEL staining in DMXAA treated tumors, revealing increased cell death due to vascular disruption. This study demonstrates the capability of PA imaging to monitor tumor vessel disruption by the vascular disrupting agent DMXAA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhannad N Fadhel
- Department of Physics, Ryerson University, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Institute for Biomedical Engineering, Science and Technology (iBEST), Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Physics, Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science of St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Sila Appak Baskoy
- Department of Physics, Ryerson University, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Institute for Biomedical Engineering, Science and Technology (iBEST), Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Physics, Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science of St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Yanjie Wang
- Department of Physics, Ryerson University, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Institute for Biomedical Engineering, Science and Technology (iBEST), Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Physics, Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science of St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Eno Hysi
- Department of Physics, Ryerson University, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Institute for Biomedical Engineering, Science and Technology (iBEST), Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Physics, Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science of St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Michael C Kolios
- Department of Physics, Ryerson University, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Institute for Biomedical Engineering, Science and Technology (iBEST), Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Physics, Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science of St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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Molecular Mechanisms and Pathophysiological Significance of Eryptosis. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24065079. [PMID: 36982153 PMCID: PMC10049269 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24065079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2022] [Revised: 02/21/2023] [Accepted: 02/24/2023] [Indexed: 03/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite lacking the central apoptotic machinery, senescent or damaged RBCs can undergo an unusual apoptosis-like cell death, termed eryptosis. This premature death can be caused by, or a symptom of, a wide range of diseases. However, various adverse conditions, xenobiotics, and endogenous mediators have also been recognized as triggers and inhibitors of eryptosis. Eukaryotic RBCs are unique among their cell membrane distribution of phospholipids. The change in the RBC membrane composition of the outer leaflet occurs in a variety of diseases, including sickle cell disease, renal diseases, leukemia, Parkinson’s disease, and diabetes. Eryptotic erythrocytes exhibit various morphological alterations such as shrinkage, swelling, and increased granulation. Biochemical changes include cytosolic Ca2+ increase, oxidative stress, stimulation of caspases, metabolic exhaustion, and ceramide accumulation. Eryptosis is an effective mechanism for the elimination of dysfunctional erythrocytes due to senescence, infection, or injury to prevent hemolysis. Nevertheless, excessive eryptosis is associated with multiple pathologies, most notably anemia, abnormal microcirculation, and prothrombotic risk; all of which contribute to the pathogenesis of several diseases. In this review, we provide an overview of the molecular mechanisms, physiological and pathophysiological relevance of eryptosis, as well as the potential role of natural and synthetic compounds in modulating RBC survival and death.
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14
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Ferdous Z, Elzaki O, Beegam S, Zaaba NE, Tariq S, Adeghate E, Nemmar A. Comparative Evaluation of the Effects of Amorphous Silica Nanoparticles on the Erythrocytes of Wistar Normotensive and Spontaneously Hypertensive Rats. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24043784. [PMID: 36835195 PMCID: PMC9967603 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24043784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2022] [Revised: 01/04/2023] [Accepted: 01/06/2023] [Indexed: 02/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Silica nanoparticles (SiNPs) are one of the most widely used nanomaterials. SiNPs can encounter erythrocytes and hypertension is strongly linked to abnormalities in the functional and structural characteristics of erythrocytes. As little is known about the combinatorial effect of SiNP-hypertension interactions on erythrocytes, the aim of this work was to study the effects triggered by hypertension on SiNPs induced hemolysis and the pathophysiological mechanism underlying it. We compared the interaction of amorphous 50 nm SiNPs at various concentrations (0.2, 1, 5 and 25 µg/mL) with erythrocytes of normotensive (NT) and hypertensive (HT) rats in vitro. Following incubation of the erythrocytes, SiNPs induced significant and dose-dependent increase in hemolysis. Transmission electron microscopy revealed erythrocyte deformity in addition to SiNPs taken up by erythrocytes. The erythrocyte susceptibility to lipid peroxidation was significantly increased. The concentration of reduced glutathione, and activities of superoxide dismutase, and catalase were significantly increased. SiNPs significantly increased intracellular Ca2+. Likewise, the concentration of the cellular protein annexin V and calpain activity was enhanced by SiNPs. Concerningly, all the tested parameters were significantly enhanced in erythrocytes from HT rats compared to NT rats. Our results collectively demonstrate that hypertension can potentially exacerbate the in vitro effect induced by SiNPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zannatul Ferdous
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain P.O. Box 17666, United Arab Emirates
| | - Ozaz Elzaki
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain P.O. Box 17666, United Arab Emirates
| | - Sumaya Beegam
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain P.O. Box 17666, United Arab Emirates
| | - Nur Elena Zaaba
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain P.O. Box 17666, United Arab Emirates
| | - Saeed Tariq
- Department of Anatomy, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain P.O. Box 17666, United Arab Emirates
| | - Ernest Adeghate
- Department of Anatomy, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain P.O. Box 17666, United Arab Emirates
| | - Abderrahim Nemmar
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain P.O. Box 17666, United Arab Emirates
- Zayed Center for Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain P.O. Box 17666, United Arab Emirates
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +971-3-7137533
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15
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Schuler MJ, Becker D, Mueller M, Bautista Borrego L, Mancina L, Huwyler F, Binz J, Hagedorn C, Schär B, Gygax E, Weisskopf M, Sousa Da Silva RX, Antunes Crisóstomo JM, Dutkowski P, Rudolf von Rohr P, Clavien PA, Tibbitt MW, Eshmuminov D, Hefti M. Observations and findings during the development of a subnormothermic/normothermic long-term ex vivo liver perfusion machine. Artif Organs 2023; 47:317-329. [PMID: 36106378 DOI: 10.1111/aor.14403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2022] [Revised: 08/24/2022] [Accepted: 08/26/2022] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ex situliver machine perfusion at subnormothermic/normothermic temperature isincreasingly applied in the field of transplantation to store and evaluateorgans on the machine prior transplantation. Currently, various perfusionconcepts are in clinical and preclinical applications. Over the last 6 years ina multidisciplinary team, a novel blood based perfusion technology wasdeveloped to keep a liver alive and metabolically active outside of the bodyfor at least one week. METHODS Within thismanuscript, we present and compare three scenarios (Group 1, 2 and 3) we werefacing during our research and development (R&D) process, mainly linked tothe measurement of free hemoglobin and lactate in the blood based perfusate. Apartfrom their proven value in liver viability assessment (ex situ), these twoparameters are also helpful in R&D of a long-term liver perfusion machine and moreover supportive in the biomedical engineering process. RESULTS Group 1 ("good" liver on the perfusion machine) represents the best liver clearance capacity for lactate and free hemoglobin wehave observed. In contrast to Group 2 ("poor" liver on the perfusion machine), that has shown the worst clearance capacity for free hemoglobin. Astonishingly,also for Group 2, lactate is cleared till the first day of perfusion andafterwards, rising lactate values are detected due to the poor quality of theliver. These two perfusate parametersclearly highlight the impact of the organ quality/viability on the perfusion process. Whereas Group 3 is a perfusion utilizing a blood loop only (without a liver). CONCLUSION Knowing the feasible ranges (upper- and lower bound) and the courseover time of free hemoglobin and lactate is helpful to evaluate the quality ofthe organ perfusion itself and the maturity of the developed perfusion device. Freehemoglobin in the perfusate is linked to the rate of hemolysis that indicates how optimizing (gentle blood handling, minimizing hemolysis) the perfusion machine actually is. Generally, a reduced lactate clearancecapacity can be an indication for technical problems linked to the blood supplyof the liver and therefore helps to monitor the perfusion experiments.Moreover, the possibility is given to compare, evaluate and optimize developed liverperfusion systems based on the given ranges for these two parameters. Otherresearch groups can compare/quantify their perfusate (blood) parameters withthe ones in this manuscript. The presented data, findings and recommendations willfinally support other researchers in developing their own perfusion machine ormodifying commercially availableperfusion devices according to their needs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin J Schuler
- Wyss Zurich - ETH Zurich/University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Dustin Becker
- Wyss Zurich - ETH Zurich/University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Matteo Mueller
- Department of Surgery, Swiss Hepato-Pancreato-Biliary and Transplantation Center, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Lucia Bautista Borrego
- Department of Surgery, Swiss Hepato-Pancreato-Biliary and Transplantation Center, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Leandro Mancina
- Department of Surgery, Swiss Hepato-Pancreato-Biliary and Transplantation Center, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Florian Huwyler
- Macromolecular Engineering Laboratory, Department of Mechanical and Process Engineering, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Jonas Binz
- Wyss Zurich - ETH Zurich/University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Catherine Hagedorn
- Department of Surgery, Swiss Hepato-Pancreato-Biliary and Transplantation Center, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Beatrice Schär
- Entwicklung biomedizinische Anwendungen, Securecell AG, Urdorf, Switzerland
| | - Erich Gygax
- Forschung und Entwicklung, Fumedica AG, Muri, Switzerland
| | - Miriam Weisskopf
- Center of Surgical Research, University Hospital Zürich, University of Zürich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Richard Xavier Sousa Da Silva
- Department of Surgery, Swiss Hepato-Pancreato-Biliary and Transplantation Center, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | | | - Philipp Dutkowski
- Department of Surgery, Swiss Hepato-Pancreato-Biliary and Transplantation Center, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Philipp Rudolf von Rohr
- Transport Processes and Reactions Laboratory, Department of Mechanical and Process Engineering, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Pierre-Alain Clavien
- Department of Surgery, Swiss Hepato-Pancreato-Biliary and Transplantation Center, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Mark W Tibbitt
- Macromolecular Engineering Laboratory, Department of Mechanical and Process Engineering, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Dilmurodjon Eshmuminov
- Department of Surgery, Swiss Hepato-Pancreato-Biliary and Transplantation Center, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Max Hefti
- Wyss Zurich - ETH Zurich/University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
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Abstract
Eryptosis is a coordinated non-lytic cell death of erythrocytes characterized by cell shrinkage, cell membrane scrambling, Ca2+ influx, ceramide accumulation, oxidative stress, activation of calpain and caspases. Physiologically, it aims at removing damaged or aged erythrocytes from circulation. A plethora of diseases are associated with enhanced eryptosis, including metabolic diseases, cardiovascular pathology, renal and hepatic diseases, hematological disorders, systemic autoimmune pathology, and cancer. This makes eryptosis and eryptosis-regulating signaling pathways a target for therapeutic interventions. This review highlights the eryptotic signaling machinery containing several protein kinases and its small molecular inhibitors with a special emphasis on casein kinase 1α (CK1α), a serine/threonine protein kinase with a broad spectrum of activity. In this review article, we provide a critical analysis of the regulatory role of CK1α in eryptosis, highlight triggers of CK1α-mediated suicidal death of red blood cells, cover the knowledge gaps in understanding CK1α-driven eryptosis and discover the opportunity of CK1α-targeted pharmacological modulation of eryptosis. Moreover, we discuss the directions of future research focusing on uncovering crosstalks between CK1α and other eryptosis-regulating kinases and pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anton Tkachenko
- Research Institute of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Kharkiv National Medical University, 4 Nauky ave, 61022, Kharkiv, Ukraine.
| | - Anatolii Onishchenko
- Research Institute of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Kharkiv National Medical University, 4 Nauky ave, 61022, Kharkiv, Ukraine
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Eryptosis in Patients with Chronic Kidney Disease: A Possible Relationship with Oxidative Stress and Inflammatory Markers. J Clin Med 2022; 11:jcm11237167. [PMID: 36498741 PMCID: PMC9737176 DOI: 10.3390/jcm11237167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2022] [Revised: 11/24/2022] [Accepted: 11/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Background. Eryptosis is the programmed death of red blood cells; it may contribute to worsening anemia in chronic kidney disease (CKD). In this clinical condition, different factors induce eryptosis, such as oxidative stress, energy depletion and uremic toxins. In our study, we investigated if the progression of CKD may influence erythrocyte death levels and its relationship with oxidative stress and inflammation. Methods. We evaluated eryptosis levels in 25 CKD patients (five for each stage), as well as markers of oxidative stress and inflammation: myeloperoxidase (MPO), copper/zinc superoxide dismutase (Cu/Zn SOD) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) were evaluated in plasma samples. Results. Higher cell death rate was reported in the highest CKD stages (p < 0.05). Furthermore, we divided CKD patients into two groups (eGFR< or ≥60 mL/min/1.73 m2). Patients with eGFR < 60 mL/min/1.73 m2 had higher eryptosis levels (p < 0.001). MPO, CU/Zn SOD and IL-6 resulted significantly differently between groups (p < 0.001). Significant positive correlations were reported between eryptosis and MPO (Spearman’s rho = 0.77, p = 0.01) and IL-6 (Spearman’s rho = 0.52, p = 0.05) and Cu/Zn SOD. Spearman’s rho = 0.6, p = 0.03). Conclusions. In patients with CKD, different factors are involved in the pathogenesis of eryptosis, in particular uremic toxins and oxidative stress and inflammatory markers. The progressive impairment of renal function may be associated with the increase in eryptosis levels, probably due to the accumulation of oxidative stress factors, inflammatory cytokines and uremic toxins.
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Virzì GM, Milan Manani S, Marturano D, Clementi A, Lerco S, Tantillo I, Giuliani A, Battaglia GG, Ronco C, Zanella M. Eryptosis in Peritoneal Dialysis-Related Peritonitis: The Potential Role of Inflammation in Mediating the Increase in Eryptosis in PD. J Clin Med 2022; 11:jcm11236918. [PMID: 36498493 PMCID: PMC9737953 DOI: 10.3390/jcm11236918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2022] [Revised: 11/14/2022] [Accepted: 11/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Peritonitis and exit site infections are the main complications of patients treated with peritoneal dialysis (PD). Erythrocytes (red blood cells—RBCs) are very sensitive cells, and they are characterized by eryptosis (programmed cell death). The purpose of this research was to assess eryptosis in PD patients with PD-related peritonitis and its connection to inflammatory markers in vivo and in vitro. Material and Methods: In this study, we included 65 PD patients: 34 PD patients without systemic inflammation nor PD-related peritonitis in the previous 3 months, and 31 PD patients with an acute episode of PD-related peritonitis. We measured C-reactive protein (CRP) and cytokine (IL-1β, IL-6, and IL-18) levels as systemic inflammatory markers. Eryptosis was evaluated by flow cytometric analyses in freshly isolated RBCs. The induction of eryptosis due to in vitro exposure to IL-1β, IL-6, and IL-18 was verified. Results: Eryptosis was significantly higher in PD patients with peritonitis (9.6%; IQR 4.2−16.7), compared to the those in the other group (2.7%; IQR 1.6−3.9) (p < 0.0001). Significant positive correlations were noticed between eryptosis and CRP, IL-1β, and IL-6. RBCs, incubated with greater concentrations of all cytokines in vitro, resulted in significantly higher occurrences of eryptosis in comparison with those incubated with lower concentration and with untreated cell (p < 0.05), and for those with extensive exposure (p < 0.05). Conclusion: In conclusion, we investigated a potential relationship between systemic eryptosis and the in vivo and in vitro inflammatory damage of the peritoneal membrane during peritonitis. Thus, the presented results revealed that upregulated inflammatory markers and immune system dysregulation could be the cause of high levels of systemic eryptosis during PD-related peritonitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grazia Maria Virzì
- Department of Nephrology, Dialysis and Transplant, St Bortolo Hospital, 36100 Vicenza, Italy
- International Renal Research Institute, Vicenza (IRRIV), 36100 Vicenza, Italy
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-0444757714
| | - Sabrina Milan Manani
- Department of Nephrology, Dialysis and Transplant, St Bortolo Hospital, 36100 Vicenza, Italy
- International Renal Research Institute, Vicenza (IRRIV), 36100 Vicenza, Italy
| | - Davide Marturano
- Department of Nephrology, Dialysis and Transplant, St Bortolo Hospital, 36100 Vicenza, Italy
- International Renal Research Institute, Vicenza (IRRIV), 36100 Vicenza, Italy
- Department of Medicine (DIMED), University of Padua, 35100 Padua, Italy
| | - Anna Clementi
- International Renal Research Institute, Vicenza (IRRIV), 36100 Vicenza, Italy
- Department of Medicine (DIMED), University of Padua, 35100 Padua, Italy
| | - Silvia Lerco
- International Renal Research Institute, Vicenza (IRRIV), 36100 Vicenza, Italy
- Department of Nephrology and Dialysis, Santa Marta and Santa Venera Hospital, 95024 Catania, Italy
| | - Ilaria Tantillo
- Department of Nephrology, Dialysis and Transplant, St Bortolo Hospital, 36100 Vicenza, Italy
- International Renal Research Institute, Vicenza (IRRIV), 36100 Vicenza, Italy
| | - Anna Giuliani
- Department of Nephrology, Dialysis and Transplant, St Bortolo Hospital, 36100 Vicenza, Italy
- International Renal Research Institute, Vicenza (IRRIV), 36100 Vicenza, Italy
| | | | - Claudio Ronco
- Department of Nephrology, Dialysis and Transplant, St Bortolo Hospital, 36100 Vicenza, Italy
- International Renal Research Institute, Vicenza (IRRIV), 36100 Vicenza, Italy
- Department of Nephrology and Dialysis, Santa Marta and Santa Venera Hospital, 95024 Catania, Italy
| | - Monica Zanella
- Department of Nephrology, Dialysis and Transplant, St Bortolo Hospital, 36100 Vicenza, Italy
- International Renal Research Institute, Vicenza (IRRIV), 36100 Vicenza, Italy
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Jacob SS, Lukose J, Bankapur A, Mithun N, Vani Lakshmi R, Acharya M, Rao P, Kamath A, Baby PM, Rao RK, Chidangil S. Micro-Raman spectroscopy study of optically trapped erythrocytes in malaria, dengue and leptospirosis infections. Front Med (Lausanne) 2022; 9:858776. [PMID: 36275819 PMCID: PMC9582609 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2022.858776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2022] [Accepted: 09/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Malaria, dengue and leptospirosis are three tropical infectious diseases that present with severe hematological derangement causing significant morbidity and mortality, especially during the seasonal monsoons. During the course of these infectious diseases, circulating red blood cells are imperiled to the direct ill-effects of the infectious pathogen in the body as well as to the pro-inflammatory cytokines generated as a consequence of the infection. RBCs when exposed to such inflammatory and/or pathogenic milieu are susceptible to injuries such as RBC programmed eryptosis or RBC programmed necrosis. This research aimed to explore the Raman spectra of live red cells that were extracted from patients infected with malaria, dengue, and leptospirosis. Red cells were optically trapped and micro-Raman probed using a 785 nm Diode laser. RBCs from samples of all three diseases displayed Raman signatures that were significantly altered from the normal/healthy. Distinct spectral markers that were common across all the four groups were obtained from various standardized multivariate analytical methods. Following comprehensive examination of multiple studies, we propose these spectral wavenumbers as "Raman markers of RBC injury." Findings in our study display that anemia-triggering infections can inflict variations in the healthy status of red cells, easily identifiable by selectively analyzing specific Raman markers. Additionally, this study also highlights relevant statistical tools that can be utilized to study Raman spectral data from biological samples which could help identify the very significant Raman peaks from the spectral band. This approach of RBC analysis can foster a better understanding of red cell behavior and their alterations exhibited in health and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanu Susan Jacob
- Department of Physiology, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, India,*Correspondence: Sanu Susan Jacob,
| | - Jijo Lukose
- Department of Atomic and Molecular Physics, Centre of Excellence for Biophotonics, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, India
| | - Aseefhali Bankapur
- Department of Atomic and Molecular Physics, Centre of Excellence for Biophotonics, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, India
| | - N. Mithun
- Department of Atomic and Molecular Physics, Centre of Excellence for Biophotonics, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, India
| | - R. Vani Lakshmi
- Department of Data Science, Prasanna School of Public Health, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, India
| | - Mahendra Acharya
- Department of Atomic and Molecular Physics, Centre of Excellence for Biophotonics, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, India
| | - Pragna Rao
- Department of Biochemistry, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, India
| | - Asha Kamath
- Department of Data Science, Prasanna School of Public Health, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, India
| | - Prathap M. Baby
- Department of Physiology, Melaka Manipal Medical College, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, India
| | - Raghavendra K. Rao
- Department of Physiology, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, India
| | - Santhosh Chidangil
- Department of Atomic and Molecular Physics, Centre of Excellence for Biophotonics, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, India
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20
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In Vitro Induction of Eryptosis by Uremic Toxins and Inflammation Mediators in Healthy Red Blood Cells. J Clin Med 2022; 11:jcm11185329. [PMID: 36142976 PMCID: PMC9501441 DOI: 10.3390/jcm11185329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2022] [Revised: 08/30/2022] [Accepted: 09/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Eryptosis is the stress-induced RBC (red blood cell) death mechanism. It is known that eryptosis is largely influenced by plasma and blood composition, and that it is accelerated in patients affected by chronic kidney disease (CKD). The aim of this study is to evaluate the eryptosis rate in healthy RBCs treated with different concentration of IL-6, IL-1β, urea and p-cresol, comparable to plasmatic level of CKD patients, at different time points. We exposed healthy RBCs to increasing concentrations of IL-6, IL-1β, urea and p-cresol. Morphological markers of eryptosis (cell membrane scrambling, cell shrinkage and PS exposure at RBC surface) were evaluated by flow cytometric analyses. The cytotoxic effect of cytokines and uremic toxins were analyzed in vitro on healthy RBCs at 4, 8 and 24 h. Morphology of treated RBCs was dramatically deranged, and the average cell volume was significantly higher in RBCs exposed to higher concentration of all molecules (all, p < 0.001). Furthermore, healthy RBCs incubated with each molecules demonstrated a significant increase in eryptosis. Cytofluorimetric analysis of eryptosis highlighted significantly higher cell death rate in RBCs incubated with a higher concentration of both cytokines compared with RBCs incubated with a lower concentration (all, p < 0.05). In conclusion, our data show that cytokines and uremic toxins have a harmful effect on RBCs viability and trigger eryptosis. Further studies are necessary to validate these results in vivo and to associate abnormal eryptosis with cytokine levels in CKD patients. The eryptosis pathway could, moreover, become a new promising target for anemia management in CKD patients.
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21
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Xu Y, Bergenstal RM, Dunn TC, Ram Y, Ajjan RA. Interindividual variability in average glucose-glycated haemoglobin relationship in type 1 diabetes and implications for clinical practice. Diabetes Obes Metab 2022; 24:1779-1787. [PMID: 35546274 PMCID: PMC9546041 DOI: 10.1111/dom.14763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2022] [Revised: 04/22/2022] [Accepted: 05/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
AIM Glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c) can fail to reflect average glucose levels, potentially compromising management decisions. We analysed variability in the relationship between mean glucose and HbA1c in individuals with diabetes. MATERIALS AND METHODS Three months of continuous glucose monitoring and HbA1c data were obtained from 216 individuals with type 1 diabetes. Universal red blood cell glucose transporter-1 Michaelis constant KM and individualized apparent glycation ratio (AGR) were calculated and compared across age, racial and gender groups. RESULTS The mean age (range) was 30 years (8-72) with 94 younger than 19 years, 78 between 19 and 50 years, and 44 were >50 years. The group contained 120 women and 96 men with 106 white and 110 black individuals. The determined KM value was 464 mg/dl and AGR was (mean ± SD) 72.1 ± 7 ml/g. AGR, which correlated with red blood cell lifespan marker, was highest in those aged >50 years at 75.4 ± 6.9 ml/g, decreasing to 73.2 ± 7.8 ml/g in 19-50 years, with a further drop to 71.0 ± 5.8 ml/g in the youngest group (p <0 .05). AGR differed between white and black groups (69.9 ± 5.8 and 74.2 ± 7.1 ml/g, respectively; p < .001). In contrast, AGR values were similar in men and women (71.5 ± 7.5 and 72.5 ± 6.6 ml/g, respectively; p = .27). Interestingly, interindividual AGR variation within each group was at least four-fold higher than average for between-group variation. CONCLUSIONS In this type 1 diabetes cohort, ethnicity and age, but not gender, alter the HbA1c-glucose relationship with even larger interindividual variations found within each group than between groups. Clinical application of personalized HbA1c-glucose relationships has the potential to optimize glycaemic care in the population with diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongjin Xu
- Abbott Diabetes Care, Alameda, California, USA
| | - Richard M Bergenstal
- International Diabetes Center, Park Nicollet, HealthPartners, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
| | | | | | - Ramzi A Ajjan
- Leeds Institute of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
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22
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The potential role of ischaemia-reperfusion injury in chronic, relapsing diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis, Long COVID, and ME/CFS: evidence, mechanisms, and therapeutic implications. Biochem J 2022; 479:1653-1708. [PMID: 36043493 PMCID: PMC9484810 DOI: 10.1042/bcj20220154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2022] [Revised: 08/09/2022] [Accepted: 08/10/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Ischaemia–reperfusion (I–R) injury, initiated via bursts of reactive oxygen species produced during the reoxygenation phase following hypoxia, is well known in a variety of acute circumstances. We argue here that I–R injury also underpins elements of the pathology of a variety of chronic, inflammatory diseases, including rheumatoid arthritis, ME/CFS and, our chief focus and most proximally, Long COVID. Ischaemia may be initiated via fibrin amyloid microclot blockage of capillaries, for instance as exercise is started; reperfusion is a necessary corollary when it finishes. We rehearse the mechanistic evidence for these occurrences here, in terms of their manifestation as oxidative stress, hyperinflammation, mast cell activation, the production of marker metabolites and related activities. Such microclot-based phenomena can explain both the breathlessness/fatigue and the post-exertional malaise that may be observed in these conditions, as well as many other observables. The recognition of these processes implies, mechanistically, that therapeutic benefit is potentially to be had from antioxidants, from anti-inflammatories, from iron chelators, and via suitable, safe fibrinolytics, and/or anti-clotting agents. We review the considerable existing evidence that is consistent with this, and with the biochemical mechanisms involved.
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23
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Bester J, Swanepoel AC, Windberger U. Editorial: Pathological Changes in Erythrocytes During Inflammation and Infection. Front Physiol 2022; 13:943114. [PMID: 35784890 PMCID: PMC9247548 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2022.943114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2022] [Accepted: 06/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Janette Bester
- Department of Physiology, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
- *Correspondence: Janette Bester,
| | - Albe Carina Swanepoel
- Centre of Excellence for Nutrition, North-West University, Potchefstroom, South Africa
| | - Ursula Windberger
- Core Facility Laboratory Animal Breeding and Husbandry, Medical University Vienna, Vienna, Austria
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24
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Onishchenko A, Myasoedov V, Yefimova S, Nakonechna O, Prokopyuk V, Butov D, Kökbaş U, Klochkov V, Maksimchuk P, Kavok N, Tkachenko A. UV Light-Activated GdYVO 4:Eu 3+ Nanoparticles Induce Reactive Oxygen Species Generation in Leukocytes Without Affecting Erythrocytes In Vitro. Biol Trace Elem Res 2022; 200:2777-2792. [PMID: 34386912 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-021-02867-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2021] [Accepted: 08/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Nanoparticles (NPs) have been reported to be promising enhancement agents for radiation therapy. The aim of the study was to assess the cytotoxicity of UV non-treated and UV pretreated GdYVO4:Eu3+ nanoparticles against erythrocytes and leukocytes by detecting eryptosis and reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation. Levels of intracellular ROS in erythrocytes and leukocytes using a ROS-sensitive dye 2',7'-dichlorodihydrofluorescein diacetate (H2DCFDA), as well as eryptosis rate utilizing annexin V staining, following direct exposure to UV-activated and nonactivated NPs were detected by flow cytometry. Blood cells were collected from 9 intact WAG rats. Neither the UV light-untreated GdYVO4:Eu3+ NPs nor the treated ones promoted eryptosis and ROS generation in erythrocytes. Low concentrations of UV light-untreated NPs did not induce oxidative stress in leukocytes, evidenced by unaffected intracellular ROS levels. UV light treatment grants prooxidant properties to NPs, confirmed by NP-induced ROS overproduction in leukocytes. High concentrations of both UV light-treated and untreated NPs altered the redox state of leukocytes. UV light treatment imparts prooxidant properties to GdYVO4:Eu3+ NPs, making them promising radiosensitizing agents in cancer radiation therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anatolii Onishchenko
- Research Institute of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Kharkiv National Medical University, Kharkiv, 61022, Ukraine
- Department of Biochemistry, Kharkiv National Medical University, Kharkiv, 61022, Ukraine
| | - Valeriy Myasoedov
- Department of Medical Biology, Kharkiv National Medical University, Kharkiv, 61022, Ukraine
| | - Svetlana Yefimova
- Institute for Scintillation Materials, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Kharkiv, 61072, Ukraine
| | - Oksana Nakonechna
- Department of Biochemistry, Kharkiv National Medical University, Kharkiv, 61022, Ukraine
| | - Volodymyr Prokopyuk
- Research Institute of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Kharkiv National Medical University, Kharkiv, 61022, Ukraine
- Department of Cryobiology of the Reproductive System, Institute for Problems of Cryobiology and Cryomedicine, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Kharkiv, 61015, Ukraine
| | - Dmytro Butov
- Department of Phthisiology and Pulmonology, Kharkiv National Medical University, Kharkiv, 61022, Ukraine
| | - Umut Kökbaş
- Medical Biochemistry Department, Nevsehir Haci Bektas Veli University, Nevsehir, Turkey
| | - Vladimir Klochkov
- Institute for Scintillation Materials, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Kharkiv, 61072, Ukraine
| | - Pavel Maksimchuk
- Institute for Scintillation Materials, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Kharkiv, 61072, Ukraine
| | - Nataliya Kavok
- Institute for Scintillation Materials, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Kharkiv, 61072, Ukraine
| | - Anton Tkachenko
- Research Institute of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Kharkiv National Medical University, Kharkiv, 61022, Ukraine.
- Department of Biochemistry, Kharkiv National Medical University, Kharkiv, 61022, Ukraine.
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25
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Pretorius L, Taute H, Van Rooy M, Oberholzer HM. Investigating the ultrastructural and viscoelastic characteristics of whole blood after exposure to the heavy metals cadmium, lead and chromium, alone and in combination. Ultrastruct Pathol 2022; 46:323-333. [DOI: 10.1080/01913123.2022.2075999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- L Pretorius
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Pretoria, Arcadia, South Africa
| | - H Taute
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Pretoria, Arcadia, South Africa
| | - M Van Rooy
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Pretoria, Arcadia, South Africa
| | - HM Oberholzer
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Pretoria, Arcadia, South Africa
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26
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Scovino AM, Totino PRR, Morrot A. Eryptosis as a New Insight in Malaria Pathogenesis. Front Immunol 2022; 13:855795. [PMID: 35634341 PMCID: PMC9136947 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.855795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2022] [Accepted: 04/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Eryptosis is a programmed cell death-like process that occurs in red blood cells. Although the red blood cells are anucleated, there are similarities between eryptosis and apoptosis, such as increased calcium efflux, calpain activation, phosphatidylserine exposure, cell blebbing and cell shrinkage. Eryptosis occurs physiologically in red blood cells, as a consequence of the natural senescence process of these cells, but it can also be stimulated in pathological situations such as metabolic syndromes, uremic syndromes, polycythemia vera, anemias such as sickle cell anemia and thalassemia, and infectious processes including Plasmodium infection. Infection-induced eryptosis is believed to contribute to damage caused by Plasmodium, but it’s still a topic of debate in the literature. In this review, we provided an overview of eryptosis mechanisms and its possible pathogenic role in malaria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aline Miranda Scovino
- Instituto de Microbiologia Paulo de Góes, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Laboratório de Pesquisa em Malária, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz (FIOCRUZ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Laboratório de Imunoparasitologia, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz (FIOCRUZ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | | | - Alexandre Morrot
- Laboratório de Imunoparasitologia, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz (FIOCRUZ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- *Correspondence: Alexandre Morrot,
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27
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Su WL, Chan CY, Cheng CF, Shui HA, Ku HC. Erythrocyte degradation, metabolism, secretion, and communication with immune cells in the blood during sepsis: A review. Tzu Chi Med J 2022; 34:125-133. [PMID: 35465286 PMCID: PMC9020243 DOI: 10.4103/tcmj.tcmj_58_21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2021] [Revised: 04/22/2021] [Accepted: 05/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Sepsis is a health issue that affects millions of people worldwide. It was assumed that erythrocytes were affected by sepsis. However, in recent years, a number of studies have shown that erythrocytes affect sepsis as well. When a pathogen invades the human body, it infects the blood and organs, causing infection and sepsis-related symptoms. Pathogens change the internal environment, increasing the levels of reactive oxygen species, influencing erythrocyte morphology, and causing erythrocyte death, i.e., eryptosis. Characteristics of eryptosis include cell shrinkage, membrane blebbing, and surface exposure of phosphatidylserine (PS). Eryptotic erythrocytes increase immune cell proliferation, and through PS, attract macrophages that remove the infected erythrocytes. Erythrocyte-degraded hemoglobin derivatives and heme deteriorate infection; however, they could also be metabolized to a series of derivatives. The result that erythrocytes play an anti-infection role during sepsis provides new perspectives for treatment. This review focuses on erythrocytes during pathogenic infection and sepsis.
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28
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Brun JF, Varlet-Marie E, Myzia J, Raynaud de Mauverger E, Pretorius E. Metabolic Influences Modulating Erythrocyte Deformability and Eryptosis. Metabolites 2021; 12:4. [PMID: 35050126 PMCID: PMC8778269 DOI: 10.3390/metabo12010004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2021] [Revised: 12/17/2021] [Accepted: 12/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Many factors in the surrounding environment have been reported to influence erythrocyte deformability. It is likely that some influences represent reversible changes in erythrocyte rigidity that may be involved in physiological regulation, while others represent the early stages of eryptosis, i.e., the red cell self-programmed death. For example, erythrocyte rigidification during exercise is probably a reversible physiological mechanism, while the alterations of red blood cells (RBCs) observed in pathological conditions (inflammation, type 2 diabetes, and sickle-cell disease) are more likely to lead to eryptosis. The splenic clearance of rigid erythrocytes is the major regulator of RBC deformability. The physicochemical characteristics of the surrounding environment (thermal injury, pH, osmolality, oxidative stress, and plasma protein profile) also play a major role. However, there are many other factors that influence RBC deformability and eryptosis. In this comprehensive review, we discuss the various elements and circulating molecules that might influence RBCs and modify their deformability: purinergic signaling, gasotransmitters such as nitric oxide (NO), divalent cations (magnesium, zinc, and Fe2+), lactate, ketone bodies, blood lipids, and several circulating hormones. Meal composition (caloric and carbohydrate intake) also modifies RBC deformability. Therefore, RBC deformability appears to be under the influence of many factors. This suggests that several homeostatic regulatory loops adapt the red cell rigidity to the physiological conditions in order to cope with the need for oxygen or fuel delivery to tissues. Furthermore, many conditions appear to irreversibly damage red cells, resulting in their destruction and removal from the blood. These two categories of modifications to erythrocyte deformability should thus be differentiated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean-Frédéric Brun
- UMR CNRS 9214-Inserm U1046 Physiologie et Médecine Expérimentale du Cœur et des Muscles-PHYMEDEXP, Unité D’explorations Métaboliques (CERAMM), Département de Physiologie Clinique, Université de Montpellier, Hôpital Lapeyronie-CHRU de Montpellier, 34295 Montpellier, France; (J.M.); (E.R.d.M.)
| | - Emmanuelle Varlet-Marie
- UMR CNRS 5247-Institut des Biomolécules Max Mousseron (IBMM), Laboratoire du Département de Physicochimie et Biophysique, UFR des Sciences Pharmaceutiques et Biologiques, Université de Montpellier, 34090 Montpellier, France;
| | - Justine Myzia
- UMR CNRS 9214-Inserm U1046 Physiologie et Médecine Expérimentale du Cœur et des Muscles-PHYMEDEXP, Unité D’explorations Métaboliques (CERAMM), Département de Physiologie Clinique, Université de Montpellier, Hôpital Lapeyronie-CHRU de Montpellier, 34295 Montpellier, France; (J.M.); (E.R.d.M.)
| | - Eric Raynaud de Mauverger
- UMR CNRS 9214-Inserm U1046 Physiologie et Médecine Expérimentale du Cœur et des Muscles-PHYMEDEXP, Unité D’explorations Métaboliques (CERAMM), Département de Physiologie Clinique, Université de Montpellier, Hôpital Lapeyronie-CHRU de Montpellier, 34295 Montpellier, France; (J.M.); (E.R.d.M.)
| | - Etheresia Pretorius
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, Private Bag X1 MATIELAND, Stellenbosch 7602, South Africa;
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29
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Alfhili MA, Basudan AM, Alsughayyir J. Antiproliferative Wnt inhibitor wogonin prevents eryptosis following ionophoric challenge, hyperosmotic shock, oxidative stress, and metabolic deprivation. J Food Biochem 2021; 45:e13977. [PMID: 34664287 DOI: 10.1111/jfbc.13977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2021] [Revised: 09/23/2021] [Accepted: 10/10/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Anemia is a common complication of chemotherapy and may arise due to premature or suicidal death of red blood cells (RBCs). Prevention of RBC death thus lends itself as a promising strategy to counteract anemia. Wogonin (WGN; 5,7-dihydroxy-8-methoxyflavone) is a Wnt inhibitor derived from Scutellaria baicalensis plant with potent cytotoxic and antitumor potential. However, the nature of interaction of WGN with human RBCs is unknown. RBCs from healthy participants were exposed to different hemolytic and eryptotic stimuli for 24 or 48 hr at 37°C in the presence and absence of 100 μM WGN. Calcium overload was induced by 2 μM ionomycin, hyperosmotic shock with excessive sucrose, oxidative stress by 2-phenethyl isothiocyanate (PEITC), and metabolic deprivation by exclusion of glucose. Hemolysis was estimated from extracellular hemoglobin, phosphatidylserine (PS) exposure by Annexin V-FITC, intracellular calcium by Fluo4/AM, and oxidative stress by 2',7'-dichlorodihydrofluorescein diacetate (H2 DCFDA). While WGN did not rescue the cells from the hemolytic activity of ionomycin, it reduced PS externalization by interfering with calcium influx under both ionomycin treatment and metabolic exhaustion. WGN also significantly inhibited PS exposure upon hyperosmotic shock, but the effect was independent of calcium entry. Moreover, WGN exhibited antihemolytic and anti-eryptotic activities against PEITC without appreciable reduction in ROS levels. Altogether, WGN prevents PEITC-induced hemolysis and suppresses eryptosis due to calcium accumulation, hyperosmotic shock, oxidative stress, and metabolic exhaustion. These novel insights may open new avenues into the therapeutic application of WGN for conditions in which anemia is commonly encountered, most notably cancer. PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS: The herbal supplement Sho-Saiko-To (Xiaochaihu-tang) is commonly prescribed to relieve symptoms of liver disease. Flavonoids from the herbal constituents of Sho-Saiko-To have demonstrated considerable anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, antimicrobial, antitumor, and immunomodulatory properties. In this work, we identify WGN, a major flavonoid in Sho-Saiko-To, as a novel inhibitor of hemolysis and eryptosis of human erythrocytes. Since inordinate erythrocyte death is a major obstacle in therapeutic drug development, our findings argue for the use of WGN as a natural alternative, either as a primary or an adjuvant drug, for a wide assortment of pathological conditions including cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad A Alfhili
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmed M Basudan
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Jawaher Alsughayyir
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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30
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Hartzell S, Haverly M, Farouk S, Kuntsevich V, Cantarelli C, Cravedi P. Prolonged Intradialytic Hypoxemia Is Associated With Functional Disturbances in Erythrocytes. Kidney Int Rep 2021; 6:2702-2705. [PMID: 34622108 PMCID: PMC8484120 DOI: 10.1016/j.ekir.2021.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2021] [Revised: 06/30/2021] [Accepted: 07/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/01/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Susan Hartzell
- Renal Division, Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| | - Meredith Haverly
- Renal Division, Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| | - Samira Farouk
- Renal Division, Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| | - Viktoriya Kuntsevich
- Division of Nephrology & Hypertension, Mount Sinai Beth Israel, New York, New York, USA
| | - Chiara Cantarelli
- Renal Division, Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA.,Dipartimento di Medicina e Chirurgia, Università di Parma, UO Nefrologia, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Paolo Cravedi
- Renal Division, Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
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31
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Xu Y, Bergenstal RM, Dunn TC, Ajjan RA. Addressing shortfalls of laboratory HbA 1c using a model that incorporates red cell lifespan. eLife 2021; 10:69456. [PMID: 34515636 PMCID: PMC8437432 DOI: 10.7554/elife.69456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2021] [Accepted: 08/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Laboratory HbA1c does not always predict diabetes complications and our aim was to establish a glycaemic measure that better reflects intracellular glucose exposure in organs susceptible to complications. Six months of continuous glucose monitoring data and concurrent laboratory HbA1c were evaluated from 51 type 1 diabetes (T1D) and 80 type 2 diabetes (T2D) patients. Red blood cell (RBC) lifespan was estimated using a kinetic model of glucose and HbA1c, allowing the calculation of person-specific adjusted HbA1c (aHbA1c). Median (IQR) RBC lifespan was 100 (86–102) and 100 (83–101) days in T1D and T2D, respectively. The median (IQR) absolute difference between aHbA1c and laboratory HbA1c was 3.9 (3.0–14.3) mmol/mol [0.4 (0.3–1.3%)] in T1D and 5.3 (4.1–22.5) mmol/mol [0.5 (0.4–2.0%)] in T2D. aHbA1c and laboratory HbA1c showed clinically relevant differences. This suggests that the widely used measurement of HbA1c can underestimate or overestimate diabetes complication risks, which may have future clinical implications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongjin Xu
- Abbott Diabetes Care, Alameda, United States
| | - Richard M Bergenstal
- International Diabetes Center, Park Nicollet, HealthPartners, Minneapolis, United States
| | | | - Ramzi A Ajjan
- Leeds Institute of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom
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Alfhili MA, Alsalmi E, Aljedai A, Alsughayyir J, Abudawood M, Basudan AM. Calcium-oxidative stress signaling axis and casein kinase 1α mediate eryptosis and hemolysis elicited by novel p53 agonist inauhzin. J Chemother 2021; 34:247-257. [PMID: 34410893 DOI: 10.1080/1120009x.2021.1963616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Inauhzin (INZ) is a novel p53 agonist with antitumor activity. Anemia is a common side effect of chemotherapy and may arise from red blood cell (RBC) hemolysis or eryptosis. In this study, we investigate the mechanisms of INZ toxicity in human RBCs. RBCs were isolated from healthy donors and treated with antitumor concentrations of INZ (5-500 μM) for 24 h at 37 °C. Hemoglobin was photometrically measured, and cells were stained with Annexin-V-FITC for phosphatidylserine (PS), Fluo4/AM for calcium, and 2',7'-dichlorodihydrofluorescein diacetate (H2DCFDA) for oxidative stress. INZ caused significant dose-responsive, calcium-dependent hemolysis starting at 40 μM. Furthermore, INZ significantly increased Annexin-positive cells and Fluo4 and DCF fluorescence. The cytotoxicity of INZ was also significantly mitigated in presence of D4476. INZ possesses hemolytic and eryptotic potential characterized by cell membrane scrambling, intracellular calcium overload, cell shrinkage, and oxidative stress secondary to calcium influx from the extracellular space.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad A Alfhili
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Essa Alsalmi
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdullah Aljedai
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Jawaher Alsughayyir
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Manal Abudawood
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmed M Basudan
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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Tkachenko A, Kot Y, Prokopyuk V, Onishchenko A, Bondareva A, Kapustnik V, Chumachenko T, Perskiy Y, Butov D, Nakonechna O. Food additive E407a stimulates eryptosis in a dose-dependent manner. Wien Med Wochenschr 2021; 172:10.1007/s10354-021-00874-2. [PMID: 34383224 DOI: 10.1007/s10354-021-00874-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2021] [Accepted: 07/07/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Concerns about the biosafety of the common food additive E407a have been raised. It has been demonstrated to induce intestinal inflammation, accompanied by activation of apoptosis, upon oral exposure. Thus, it is of interest to investigate how E407a affects eryptosis, a suicidal cell death mode of red blood cells. OBJECTIVE To evaluate the effects of semi-refined carrageenan (E407a) on eryptosis. METHODS Flow cytometry was employed to assess eryptosis in blood exposed to various concentrations of E407a (0 g/L, 1 g/L, 5 g/L, and 10 g/L) during incubation for 24 h by analyzing phosphatidylserine externalization in erythrocytes using annexin V staining and via evaluating reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation using 2',7'-dichlorodihydrofluorescein diacetate (H2DCFDA). In addition, the eryptosis indices mentioned above were determined in rats orally administered E407a at a dose of 140 mg/kg weight for 2 weeks. Confocal scanning laser microscopy was performed to visualize cell membrane scrambling. RESULTS Oral intake of E407a for 2 weeks by rats was not associated with membrane scrambling in erythrocytes. However, ROS overproduction was observed. Meanwhile, incubation of blood with various concentrations of semi-refined carrageenan resulted in a dose-dependent promotion of eryptosis, evidenced by the enhanced percentage of annexin V-positive erythrocytes and higher mean fluorescence intensity (MFI) values of annexin V-FITC in all erythrocytes. The highest concentration of E407a promotes a statistically significant increase in ROS generation in erythrocytes, suggesting the role of ROS-mediated induction of eryptosis in this case. CONCLUSION Incubation of blood with the food additive E407a leads to the activation of eryptosis in a dose-dependent manner. ROS-mediated mechanisms are partially responsible for E407a-induced eryptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anton Tkachenko
- Research Institute of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Kharkiv National Medical University, Nauky ave 4, 61022, Kharkiv, Ukraine.
- Department of Biochemistry, Kharkiv National Medical University, 61022, Kharkiv, Ukraine.
| | - Yurii Kot
- Department of Biochemistry, V.N. Karazin Kharkiv National University, 61022, Kharkiv, Ukraine
| | - Volodymyr Prokopyuk
- Research Institute of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Kharkiv National Medical University, Nauky ave 4, 61022, Kharkiv, Ukraine
- Department of Cryobiology of the Reproduction System , Institute for Problems of Cryobiology and Cryomedicine of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, 61015, Kharkiv, Ukraine
| | - Anatolii Onishchenko
- Research Institute of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Kharkiv National Medical University, Nauky ave 4, 61022, Kharkiv, Ukraine
- Department of Biochemistry, Kharkiv National Medical University, 61022, Kharkiv, Ukraine
| | - Alla Bondareva
- Department of Biochemistry, Kharkiv National Medical University, 61022, Kharkiv, Ukraine
| | - Valeriy Kapustnik
- Department of Internal and Occupational Diseases, Kharkiv National Medical University, 61022, Kharkiv, Ukraine
| | - Tetyana Chumachenko
- Department of Epidemiology, Kharkiv National Medical University, 61022, Kharkiv, Ukraine
| | - Yevgen Perskiy
- Department of Biochemistry, V.N. Karazin Kharkiv National University, 61022, Kharkiv, Ukraine
| | - Dmytro Butov
- Department of Phthisiology and Pulmonology, Kharkiv National Medical University, 61022, Kharkiv, Ukraine
| | - Oksana Nakonechna
- Department of Biochemistry, Kharkiv National Medical University, 61022, Kharkiv, Ukraine
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Zhumakayeva S, Muravlyova L, Sirota V, Molotov-Luchansky V, Bakirova R, Kabildina N, Mkhitaryan X, Zhumakayeva A. The Reactive Carbonyl Derivatives of Proteins, Methylglyoxal, and Malondialdehyde in Blood of Women with Breast Cancer. Open Access Maced J Med Sci 2021. [DOI: 10.3889/oamjms.2021.5564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Every year 1.5 million women in the world are diagnosed with breast cancer (BC). In 2018, more than 260,000 new cases of cancer and more than 40,000 deaths due to this disease were detected. At the same time, in Kazakhstan, an intensive indicator of the incidences of BC in 2018 amounted to 25.3% per population of 100 thousand people (2017–24.5%) with a growth rate of 3.1%, which in absolute numbers are 4,648 new cases per year. In terms of mortality, BC ranks third after lung and stomach cancer (6.8%).
AIM: This necessitates a detailed study of the molecular mechanisms that underlie the development and progression of BC. One of the mechanisms of carcinogenesis is oxidative stress (OS). An increase in malondialdehyde (MDA) levels was detected in the early stages of cancer. It was suggested that MDA, due to its high cytotoxicity, acts as a promoter of the tumor and cocarcinogen agent.
METHODS: Therefore, violation of the parameters of OS in BC is in no doubt. However, according to the literature data analysis, these results are ambiguous and contradictory. There are no studies on a comprehensive assessment of the oxidative destruction of lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids in BC.
CONCLUSION: The nature and direction of changes in various components of OS in patients with BC have not been adequately studied, which is necessary for a correct assessment of the involvement of OS in the mechanism of the pathological process and determination of a sensitive marker of the risk of BC or its progression.
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Grau M, Kuck L, Dietz T, Bloch W, Simmonds MJ. Sub-Fractions of Red Blood Cells Respond Differently to Shear Exposure Following Superoxide Treatment. BIOLOGY 2021; 10:biology10010047. [PMID: 33440902 PMCID: PMC7827655 DOI: 10.3390/biology10010047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2020] [Revised: 01/05/2021] [Accepted: 01/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Simple Summary Deformation of red blood cells (RBCs) is essential in order to pass through the smallest blood vessels. This cell function is impaired in the presence of high levels of free radicals and shear stress that highly exceeds the physiological range. In contrast, shear stress within the physiological range positively affects RBC function. RBCs are a heterogeneous cell population in terms of RBC age with different RBC deformability described for young and old RBCs, but whether these different sub-populations tolerate mechanical and oxidative stress to the same extent remains unknown. The results of the present investigation revealed lower RBC deformability of old RBCs compared to young RBCs and comparable reductions in RBC deformability of the sub-populations caused by free radicals. Physiological shear stress did not further affect free radical content within the RBCs and reversed the deleterious effects of free radicals on RBC deformability of old RBCs only by improving RBC deformability. The changes were aimed to be explained by changes in the formation of nitric oxide (NO), but outputs of NO generation appeared dependent on cell age. These novel findings highlight a yet less-described complex relation between shear stress, free radicals, and RBC mechanics. Abstract Red blood cell (RBC) deformability is an essential component of microcirculatory function that appears to be enhanced by physiological shear stress, while being negatively affected by supraphysiological shears and/or free radical exposure. Given that blood contains RBCs with non-uniform physical properties, whether all cells equivalently tolerate mechanical and oxidative stresses remains poorly understood. We thus partitioned blood into old and young RBCs which were exposed to phenazine methosulfate (PMS) that generates intracellular superoxide and/or specific mechanical stress. Measured RBC deformability was lower in old compared to young RBCs. PMS increased total free radicals in both sub-populations, and RBC deformability decreased accordingly. Shear exposure did not affect reactive species in the sub-populations but reduced RBC nitric oxide synthase (NOS) activation and intriguingly increased RBC deformability in old RBCs. The co-application of PMS and shear exposure also improved cellular deformability in older cells previously exposed to reactive oxygen species (ROS), but not in younger cells. Outputs of NO generation appeared dependent on cell age; in general, stressors applied to younger RBCs tended to induce S-nitrosylation of RBC cytoskeletal proteins, while older RBCs tended to reflect markers of nitrosative stress. We thus present novel findings pertaining to the interplay of mechanical stress and redox metabolism in circulating RBC sub-populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marijke Grau
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Sports Medicine, German Sport University Cologne, 50933 Cologne, NRW, Germany; (T.D.); (W.B.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +49-(0)-221-4982-6116
| | - Lennart Kuck
- Biorheology Research Laboratory, Menzies Health Institute Queensland, Griffith University, Gold Coast, QLD 4222, Australia; (L.K.); (M.J.S.)
| | - Thomas Dietz
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Sports Medicine, German Sport University Cologne, 50933 Cologne, NRW, Germany; (T.D.); (W.B.)
| | - Wilhelm Bloch
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Sports Medicine, German Sport University Cologne, 50933 Cologne, NRW, Germany; (T.D.); (W.B.)
| | - Michael J. Simmonds
- Biorheology Research Laboratory, Menzies Health Institute Queensland, Griffith University, Gold Coast, QLD 4222, Australia; (L.K.); (M.J.S.)
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Dias GF, Grobe N, Rogg S, Jörg DJ, Pecoits-Filho R, Moreno-Amaral AN, Kotanko P. The Role of Eryptosis in the Pathogenesis of Renal Anemia: Insights From Basic Research and Mathematical Modeling. Front Cell Dev Biol 2020; 8:598148. [PMID: 33363152 PMCID: PMC7755649 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2020.598148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2020] [Accepted: 10/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Red blood cells (RBC) are the most abundant cells in the blood. Despite powerful defense systems against chemical and mechanical stressors, their life span is limited to about 120 days in healthy humans and further shortened in patients with kidney failure. Changes in the cell membrane potential and cation permeability trigger a cascade of events that lead to exposure of phosphatidylserine on the outer leaflet of the RBC membrane. The translocation of phosphatidylserine is an important step in a process that eventually results in eryptosis, the programmed death of an RBC. The regulation of eryptosis is complex and involves several cellular pathways, such as the regulation of non-selective cation channels. Increased cytosolic calcium concentration results in scramblase and floppase activation, exposing phosphatidylserine on the cell surface, leading to early clearance of RBCs from the circulation by phagocytic cells. While eryptosis is physiologically meaningful to recycle iron and other RBC constituents in healthy subjects, it is augmented under pathological conditions, such as kidney failure. In chronic kidney disease (CKD) patients, the number of eryptotic RBC is significantly increased, resulting in a shortened RBC life span that further compounds renal anemia. In CKD patients, uremic toxins, oxidative stress, hypoxemia, and inflammation contribute to the increased eryptosis rate. Eryptosis may have an impact on renal anemia, and depending on the degree of shortened RBC life span, the administration of erythropoiesis-stimulating agents is often insufficient to attain desired hemoglobin target levels. The goal of this review is to indicate the importance of eryptosis as a process closely related to life span reduction, aggravating renal anemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriela Ferreira Dias
- Graduate Program in Health Sciences, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Paraná, Curitiba, Brazil
- Renal Research Institute, New York, NY, United States
| | - Nadja Grobe
- Renal Research Institute, New York, NY, United States
| | - Sabrina Rogg
- Fresenius Medical Care Deutschland GmbH, Bad Homburg, Germany
| | - David J. Jörg
- Fresenius Medical Care Deutschland GmbH, Bad Homburg, Germany
| | - Roberto Pecoits-Filho
- Graduate Program in Health Sciences, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Paraná, Curitiba, Brazil
- Arbor Research Collaborative for Health, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | | | - Peter Kotanko
- Renal Research Institute, New York, NY, United States
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States
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The effects of taurine supplementation on obesity, blood pressure and lipid profile: A meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Eur J Pharmacol 2020; 885:173533. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2020.173533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2020] [Revised: 08/26/2020] [Accepted: 08/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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38
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Petrova IV, Birulina YG, Belyaeva SN, Trubacheva OA, Sidekhmenova AV, Smagliy LV, Kovalev IV, Gusakova SV. The Effects of Gasomediators on the Са2+-Dependent Potassium Permeability of the Erythrocyte Membrane. Biophysics (Nagoya-shi) 2020. [DOI: 10.1134/s0006350920040156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
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Bigdelou P, Vahedi A, Kiosidou E, Farnoud AM. Loss of membrane asymmetry alters the interactions of erythrocytes with engineered silica nanoparticles. Biointerphases 2020; 15:041001. [PMID: 32600052 PMCID: PMC7326500 DOI: 10.1116/6.0000246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2020] [Revised: 05/30/2020] [Accepted: 06/11/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Disruption of plasma membrane integrity is a primary mechanism of nanoparticle toxicity in cells. Mechanistic studies on nanoparticle-induced membrane damage have been commonly performed using model membranes with a focus on symmetric bilayers, overlooking the fact that the membrane has an asymmetric phospholipid composition. In this study, erythrocytes with normal and scrambled membrane asymmetry were utilized to examine how the loss of membrane asymmetry and the resulting alterations in the outer leaflet lipid composition affect nanoparticle-membrane interactions. Unmodified, amine-modified, and carboxyl-modified silica (30 nm) were used as nanoparticle models. Loss of membrane asymmetry was achieved by induction of eryptosis, using a calcium ionophore. Erythrocyte membrane disruption (hemolysis) by unmodified silica nanoparticles was significantly reduced in eryptotic compared to healthy cells. Amine- and carboxyl-modified particles did not cause hemolysis in either cell. In agreement, a significant reduction in the binding of unmodified silica nanoparticles to the membrane was observed upon loss of membrane asymmetry. Unmodified silica particles also caused significant cell deformation, changing healthy erythrocytes into a spheroid shape. In agreement with findings in the cells, unmodified particles disrupted vesicles mimicking the erythrocyte outer leaflet lipid composition. The degree of disruption and nanoparticle binding to the membrane was reduced in vesicles mimicking the composition of scrambled membranes. Cryo-electron microscopy revealed the presence of lipid layers on particle surfaces, pointing to lipid adsorption as the mechanism for vesicle damage. Together, findings indicate an important role for the lipid composition of the membrane outer leaflet in nanoparticle-induced membrane damage in both vesicles and erythrocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parnian Bigdelou
- Biomedical Engineering Program, Ohio University, Athens, Ohio 45701
| | - Amid Vahedi
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Ohio University, Athens, Ohio 45701
| | - Evangelia Kiosidou
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Ohio University, Athens, Ohio 45701
| | - Amir M Farnoud
- Biomedical Engineering Program, Ohio University, Athens, Ohio 45701
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Jackson BS, Nunes Goncalves J, Pretorius E. Comparison of pathological clotting using haematological, functional and morphological investigations in HIV-positive and HIV-negative patients with deep vein thrombosis. Retrovirology 2020; 17:14. [PMID: 32571345 PMCID: PMC7310079 DOI: 10.1186/s12977-020-00523-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2019] [Accepted: 06/16/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Patients infected with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) are more prone to systemic inflammation and pathological clotting, and many may develop deep vein thrombosis (DVT) as a result of this dysregulated inflammatory profile. Coagulation tests are not routinely performed unless there is a specific reason. METHODS We recruited ten healthy control subjects, 35 HIV negative patients with deep vein thrombosis (HIV negative-DVT), and 13 HIV patients with DVT (HIV positive-DVT) on the primary antiretroviral therapy (ARV) regimen-emtricitabine, tenofovir and efavirenz. Serum inflammatory markers, haematological results, viscoelastic properties using thromboelastography (TEG) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of whole blood (WB) were used to compare the groups. RESULTS The DVT patients (HIV positive and HIV negative) had raised inflammatory markers. The HIV positive-DVT group had anaemia in keeping with anaemia of chronic disorders. DVT patients had a hypercoagulable profile on the TEG but no significant difference between HIV negative-DVT and HIV positive-DVT groups. The TEG analysis compared well and supported our ultrastructural results. Scanning electron microscopy of DVT patient's red blood cells (RBCs) and platelets demonstrated inflammatory changes including abnormal cell shapes, irregular membranes and microparticle formation. All the ultrastructural changes were more prominent in the HIV positive-DVT patients. CONCLUSIONS Although there were trends that HIV-positive patients were more hypercoagulable on functional tests (viscoelastic profile) compared to HIV-negative patients, there were no significant differences between the 2 groups. The sample size was, however, small in number. Morphologically there were inflammatory changes in patients with DVT. These ultrastructural changes, specifically with regard to platelets, appear more pronounced in HIV-positive patients which may contribute to increased risk for hypercoagulability and deep vein thrombosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brandon S Jackson
- Department of Surgery, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, 0007, South Africa
| | | | - Etheresia Pretorius
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, Private Bag X1 Matieland, 7602, South Africa.
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Valid Presumption of Shiga Toxin-Mediated Damage of Developing Erythrocytes in EHEC-Associated Hemolytic Uremic Syndrome. Toxins (Basel) 2020; 12:toxins12060373. [PMID: 32512916 PMCID: PMC7354503 DOI: 10.3390/toxins12060373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2020] [Revised: 06/02/2020] [Accepted: 06/03/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The global emergence of clinical diseases caused by enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli (EHEC) is an issue of great concern. EHEC release Shiga toxins (Stxs) as their key virulence factors, and investigations on the cell-damaging mechanisms toward target cells are inevitable for the development of novel mitigation strategies. Stx-mediated hemolytic uremic syndrome (HUS), characterized by the triad of microangiopathic hemolytic anemia, thrombocytopenia, and acute renal injury, is the most severe outcome of an EHEC infection. Hemolytic anemia during HUS is defined as the loss of erythrocytes by mechanical disruption when passing through narrowed microvessels. The formation of thrombi in the microvasculature is considered an indirect effect of Stx-mediated injury mainly of the renal microvascular endothelial cells, resulting in obstructions of vessels. In this review, we summarize and discuss recent data providing evidence that HUS-associated hemolytic anemia may arise not only from intravascular rupture of erythrocytes, but also from the extravascular impairment of erythropoiesis, the development of red blood cells in the bone marrow, via direct Stx-mediated damage of maturing erythrocytes, leading to “non-hemolytic” anemia.
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Allegra M, Restivo I, Fucarino A, Pitruzzella A, Vasto S, Livrea MA, Tesoriere L, Attanzio A. Proeryptotic Activity of 4-Hydroxynonenal: A New Potential Physiopathological Role for Lipid Peroxidation Products. Biomolecules 2020; 10:biom10050770. [PMID: 32429353 PMCID: PMC7277761 DOI: 10.3390/biom10050770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2020] [Revised: 05/06/2020] [Accepted: 05/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Eryptosis is a physiological, apoptosis-like death of injured erythrocytes crucial to prevent premature haemolysis and the pathological sequalae generated by cell-free haemoglobin. When dysregulated, the process is associated to several inflammatory-based pathologies. 4-Hydroxy-trans-2-nonenal (HNE) is an endogenous signalling molecule at physiological levels and, at higher concentrations, is involved in the pathogenesis of several inflammatory-based diseases. This work evaluated whether HNE could induce eryptosis in human erythrocytes. Methods: Measurements of phosphatidylserine, cell volume, intracellular oxidants, Ca++, glutathione, ICAM-1, and ceramide were assessed by flow cytometry. Scanning electron microscopy evaluated morphological alterations of erythrocytes. Western blotting assessed caspases. PGE2 was measured by ELISA. Adhesion of erythrocytes on endothelial cells was evaluated by gravity adherence assay. Results: HNE in the concentration range between 10–100 µM induces eryptosis, morphological alterations correlated to caspase-3 activation, and increased Ca++ levels. The process is not mediated by redox-dependent mechanisms; rather, it strongly depends on PGE2 and ceramide. Interestingly, HNE induces significant increase of erythrocytes adhesion to endothelial cells (ECs) that are in turn dysfunctionated as evident by overexpression of ICAM-1. Conclusions: Our results unveil a new physiopathological role for HNE, provide mechanistic details of the HNE-induced eryptosis, and suggest a novel mechanism through which HNE could exert pro-inflammatory effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mario Allegra
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Biologiche, Chimiche e Farmaceutiche, Università di Palermo, 90123 Palermo, Italy; (M.A.); (I.R.); (S.V.); (M.A.L.); (A.A.)
| | - Ignazio Restivo
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Biologiche, Chimiche e Farmaceutiche, Università di Palermo, 90123 Palermo, Italy; (M.A.); (I.R.); (S.V.); (M.A.L.); (A.A.)
| | - Alberto Fucarino
- Dipartimento di Biomedicina, Neuroscienze e Diagnostica Avanzata, Università di Palermo, 90127 Palermo, Italy; (A.F.); (A.P.)
| | - Alessandro Pitruzzella
- Dipartimento di Biomedicina, Neuroscienze e Diagnostica Avanzata, Università di Palermo, 90127 Palermo, Italy; (A.F.); (A.P.)
- Consorzio Universitario di Caltanissetta, Università di Palermo, 90127 Palermo, Italy
| | - Sonya Vasto
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Biologiche, Chimiche e Farmaceutiche, Università di Palermo, 90123 Palermo, Italy; (M.A.); (I.R.); (S.V.); (M.A.L.); (A.A.)
| | - Maria Antonia Livrea
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Biologiche, Chimiche e Farmaceutiche, Università di Palermo, 90123 Palermo, Italy; (M.A.); (I.R.); (S.V.); (M.A.L.); (A.A.)
| | - Luisa Tesoriere
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Biologiche, Chimiche e Farmaceutiche, Università di Palermo, 90123 Palermo, Italy; (M.A.); (I.R.); (S.V.); (M.A.L.); (A.A.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-091-2389-6824
| | - Alessandro Attanzio
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Biologiche, Chimiche e Farmaceutiche, Università di Palermo, 90123 Palermo, Italy; (M.A.); (I.R.); (S.V.); (M.A.L.); (A.A.)
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Evidence that human and equine erythrocytes could have significant roles in the transport and delivery of amino acids to organs and tissues. Amino Acids 2020; 52:711-724. [PMID: 32318874 PMCID: PMC7246245 DOI: 10.1007/s00726-020-02845-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2020] [Accepted: 04/11/2020] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Erythrocytes have a well-defined role in the gaseous exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide in the mammalian body. The erythrocytes can contain more than half of the free amino acids present in whole blood. Based on measures showing that venous erythrocyte levels of amino acids are much less than arterial erythrocyte levels, it has previously been proposed that erythrocytes also play a role in the delivery of amino acids to tissues in the body. This role has been dismissed because it has been assumed that to act as an amino acid transport vehicle, the erythrocytes should release their entire amino acid content in the capillary beds at the target tissues with kinetic studies showing that this would take too long to achieve. This investigation set out to investigate whether the equine erythrocytes could rapidly take up and release smaller packages of amino acids when exposed to high or low external concentrations of amino acids, because it seemed very unlikely that cells would be able to release all of their amino acids without serious impacts on osmotic balance. Freshly prepared erythrocytes were placed in alternating solutions of high and low amino acid concentrations in PBS to assess the capacities of these cells to rapidly take up and release amino acids depending on the nature of the external environment. It was found that amino acids were rapidly taken up and released in small quantities in each cycle representing 15% of their total load in equine erythrocytes and 16% in human erythrocytes. The capacity for rapid uptake/release of amino acids by equine and human erythrocytes provided evidence to support the theory that mammalian erythrocytes have a significant role in transport of amino acids from the liver to tissues, muscles and organs.
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Carballido JM, Regairaz C, Rauld C, Raad L, Picard D, Kammüller M. The Emerging Jamboree of Transformative Therapies for Autoimmune Diseases. Front Immunol 2020; 11:472. [PMID: 32296421 PMCID: PMC7137386 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.00472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2019] [Accepted: 02/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Standard treatments for autoimmune and autoinflammatory disorders rely mainly on immunosuppression. These are predominantly symptomatic remedies that do not affect the root cause of the disease and are associated with multiple side effects. Immunotherapies are being developed during the last decades as more specific and safer alternatives to small molecules with broad immunosuppressive activity, but they still do not distinguish between disease-causing and protective cell targets and thus, they still have considerable risks of increasing susceptibility to infections and/or malignancy. Antigen-specific approaches inducing immune tolerance represent an emerging trend carrying the potential to be curative without inducing broad immunosuppression. These therapies are based on antigenic epitopes derived from the same proteins that are targeted by the autoreactive T and B cells, and which are administered to patients together with precise instructions to induce regulatory responses capable to restore homeostasis. They are not personalized medicines, and they do not need to be. They are precision therapies exquisitely targeting the disease-causing cells that drive pathology in defined patient populations. Immune tolerance approaches are truly transformative options for people suffering from autoimmune diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- José M Carballido
- Translational Medicine, Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Basel, Switzerland.,Autoimmunity Transplantation and Inflammation, Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Camille Regairaz
- Autoimmunity Transplantation and Inflammation, Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Celine Rauld
- Autoimmunity Transplantation and Inflammation, Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Layla Raad
- Autoimmunity Transplantation and Inflammation, Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Damien Picard
- Translational Medicine, Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Michael Kammüller
- Translational Medicine, Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Basel, Switzerland
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45
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Bigdelou P, Farnoud AM. Induction of Eryptosis in Red Blood Cells Using a Calcium Ionophore. J Vis Exp 2020. [PMID: 32065143 DOI: 10.3791/60659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Eryptosis, erythrocyte programmed cell death, occurs in a number of hematological diseases and during injury to erythrocytes. A hallmark of eryptotic cells is the loss of compositional asymmetry of the cell membrane, leading to the translocation of phosphatidylserine to the membrane outer leaflet. This process is triggered by increased intracellular concentration of Ca2+, which activates scramblase, an enzyme that facilitates bidirectional movement of phospholipids between membrane leaflets. Given the importance of eryptosis in various diseased conditions, there have been efforts to induce eryptosis in vitro. Such efforts have generally relied on the calcium ionophore, ionomycin, to enhance intracellular Ca2+ concentration and induce eryptosis. However, many discrepancies have been reported in the literature regarding the procedure for inducing eryptosis using ionomycin. Herein, we report a step-by-step protocol for ionomycin-induced eryptosis in human erythrocytes. We focus on important steps in the procedure including the ionophore concentration, incubation time, and glucose depletion, and provide representative result. This protocol can be used to reproducibly induce eryptosis in the laboratory.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Amir M Farnoud
- Biomedical Engineering Program, Ohio University; Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Ohio University;
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Silva AF, Sousa JS, Cunha PL, Lima-Filho JV, Alencar NM, Freitas CD, Oliveira CL, Ramos MV. Erythrocytes morphology and hemorheology in severe bacterial infection. Mem Inst Oswaldo Cruz 2019; 114:e190326. [PMID: 31859703 PMCID: PMC6917465 DOI: 10.1590/0074-02760190326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2019] [Accepted: 11/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Severe bacterial infections initiate inadequate inflammation that leads to
disseminated intravascular coagulation and death. OBJECTIVES To evaluate the influence of bacterial infection on blood viscosity and red
blood cells (RBCs) morphology, and the ability of Calotropis
procera proteins (CpLP) to prevent the patho-hemorheology in
infected animals. METHODS Rheology of blood, atomic force microscopy measurements on specific blood
elements and blood count were performed to examine changes in blood
viscosity, RBCs morphology, platelets activation, and RBCs indices. FINDINGS Infected mice hold their blood rheological behaviour as compared to that of
the control group. However, they presented hyperactivated platelets, RBCs at
different stages of eryptosis, and variation on RBCs indices. CpLP
administration in healthy animals altered blood behaviour from pseudoplastic
to Bingham-like fluid. Such effect disappeared over time and by inhibiting
its proteases. No alterations were observed in RBCs morphology or platelets.
Treatment of infected animals with CpLP prevented the changes in RBCs
indices and morphology. MAIN CONCLUSIONS The inflammatory process triggered by bacterial infection induced
pathological changes in RBCs and platelets activation. Treatment of infected
animals with CpLP prevented the emergence of RBCs abnormal morphology and
this may have implications in the protective effect of CpLP, avoiding animal
death.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayrles Fb Silva
- Universidade Federal do Ceará, Departamento de Bioquímica e Biologia Molecular, Fortaleza, CE, Brasil
| | - Jeanlex S Sousa
- Universidade Federal do Ceará, Departamento de Física, Fortaleza, CE, Brasil
| | - Pablyana Lr Cunha
- Universidade Federal do Ceará, Departamento de Química Orgânica e Inorgânica, Fortaleza, CE, Brasil
| | - José V Lima-Filho
- Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco, Departamento de Biologia, Recife, PE, Brasil
| | - Nylane Mn Alencar
- Universidade Federal do Ceará, Departamento de Fisiologia e Farmacologia, Fortaleza, CE, Brasil
| | - Cleverson Dt Freitas
- Universidade Federal do Ceará, Departamento de Bioquímica e Biologia Molecular, Fortaleza, CE, Brasil
| | - Claudio Ln Oliveira
- Universidade Federal do Ceará, Departamento de Física, Fortaleza, CE, Brasil
| | - Marcio V Ramos
- Universidade Federal do Ceará, Departamento de Bioquímica e Biologia Molecular, Fortaleza, CE, Brasil
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de Villiers S, Bester J, Kell DB, Pretorius E. A Possible Role of Amyloidogenic Blood Clotting in the Evolving Haemodynamics of Female Migraine-With-Aura: Results From a Pilot Study. Front Neurol 2019; 10:1262. [PMID: 31849822 PMCID: PMC6887655 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2019.01262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2019] [Accepted: 11/13/2019] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Migraine is a debilitating primary headache disorder with a poorly understood aetiology. An extensive body of literature supports the theory of migraine as a systemic vascular inflammatory disorder characterised by endothelial dysfunction. It is also well-known that chronic inflammation results in an excessive burden of oxidative stress and therefore cellular dysfunction. In this study the effects of excessive oxidative stress through the phases of female migraine-with-aura (FMA) were evaluated by examining the health of the systems of haemostasis. Methods: Blood was obtained from 11 FMA patients at baseline and during the headache phase of migraine, as well as from 8 healthy age-matched female controls. Samples were analysed using thromboelastography (TEG) to evaluate viscoelastic profiles, light microscopy for erythrocyte morphology, Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) for erythrocyte and fibrin clot structure, confocal microscopy for β-amyloid detection in fibrin clots. Results: Viscoelastic profiles from platelet poor plasma showed decreased clot reaction times in FMA at baseline (95% CI [5.56, 8.41]) vs. control (95% CI [7.22, 11.68]); as well as decreased time to maximum thrombus generation for the same comparison (95% CI [6.78, 10.20] vs. [8.90, 12.96]). Morphological analysis of erythrocytes indicated widespread macrocytosis, poikilocytosis and eryptosis in the migraineurs. Analysis of fibrin networks indicated that this hypercoagulability may be a result of aberrant fibrin polymerisation kinetics caused by the adoption of a β-amyloid conformation of fibrin(ogen). Conclusion: The results reaffirm the hypercoagulable state in migraine, and would suggest that this state is most likely a result of a systemic inflammatory state which induces oxidative damage to both erythrocytes and fibrin(ogen) in female episodic migraine-with-aura. Furthermore, if the amylodogenic changes to fibrin(ogen) were observed in a larger cohort, this would support theories of micro-embolisation in migraine-with-aura.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sulette de Villiers
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Janette Bester
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Douglas B Kell
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Etheresia Pretorius
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Faculty of Science, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, South Africa
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Jacob SS, Prasad K, Rao P, Kamath A, Hegde RB, Baby PM, Rao RK. Computerized Morphometric Analysis of Eryptosis. Front Physiol 2019; 10:1230. [PMID: 31649550 PMCID: PMC6769039 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2019.01230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2019] [Accepted: 09/09/2019] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Eryptosis is the suicidal destruction-process of erythrocytes, much like apoptosis of nucleated cells, in the course of which the stressed red cell undergoes cell-shrinkage, vesiculation and externalization of membrane phosphatidylserine. Currently, there exist numerous methods to detect eryptosis, both morphometrically and biochemically. This study aimed to design a simple but sensitive, automated computerized approach to instantaneously detect eryptotic red cells and quantify their hallmark morphological characteristics. Red cells from 17 healthy volunteers were exposed to normal Ringer and hyperosmotic stress with sodium chloride, following which morphometric comparisons were conducted from their photomicrographs. The proposed method was found to significantly detect and differentiate normal and eryptotic red cells, based on variations in their structural markers. The receiver operating characteristic curve analysis for each of the markers showed a significant discriminatory accuracy with high sensitivity, specificity and area under the curve values. The software-based technique was then validated with RBCs in malaria. This model, quantifies eryptosis morphometrically in real-time, with minimal manual intervention, providing a new window to explore eryptosis triggered by different stressors and diseases and can find wide application in laboratories of hematology, blood banks and medical research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanu Susan Jacob
- Department of Physiology, Kasturba Medical College-Manipal, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, India
| | - Keerthana Prasad
- School of Information Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, India
| | - Pragna Rao
- Department of Biochemistry, Kasturba Medical College-Manipal, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, India
| | - Asha Kamath
- Department of Statistics, Prasanna School of Public Health, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, India
| | - Roopa B Hegde
- School of Information Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, India.,Nitte Mahalinga Adyanthaya Memorial Institute of Technology, NITTE, Karkala, India
| | - Prathap M Baby
- Department of Physiology, Melaka Manipal Medical College (Manipal Campus), Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Karnataka, India
| | - Raghavendra K Rao
- Department of Physiology, Kasturba Medical College-Manipal, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, India
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Abstract
The mechanisms underlying degradation of biological cells due to mechanical fatigue are not well understood. Specifically, detrimental effects of fatigue on properties and homeostasis of human red blood cells (RBCs), as they repeatedly deform while traversing microvasculature, have remained largely unexplored. We present a general microfluidics method that incorporates amplitude-modulated electrodeformation to induce static and cyclic mechanical deformation of RBCs. Fatigue of RBCs leads to significantly greater loss of membrane deformability, compared to static deformation under the same maximum load and maximum-load duration. These findings establish unique effects of cyclic mechanical deformation on the properties and function of biological cells. Our work provides a means to assess the mechanical integrity and fatigue damage of RBCs in blood circulation. Fatigue arising from cyclic straining is a key factor in the degradation of properties of engineered materials and structures. Fatigue can also induce damage and fracture in natural biomaterials, such as bone, and in synthetic biomaterials used in implant devices. However, the mechanisms by which mechanical fatigue leads to deterioration of physical properties and contributes to the onset and progression of pathological states in biological cells have hitherto not been systematically explored. Here we present a general method that employs amplitude-modulated electrodeformation and microfluidics for characterizing mechanical fatigue in single biological cells. This method is capable of subjecting cells to static loads for prolonged periods of time or to large numbers of controlled mechanical fatigue cycles. We apply the method to measure the systematic changes in morphological and biomechanical characteristics of healthy human red blood cells (RBCs) and their membrane mechanical properties. Under constant amplitude cyclic tensile deformation, RBCs progressively lose their ability to stretch with increasing fatigue cycles. Our results further indicate that loss of deformability of RBCs during cyclic deformation is much faster than that under static deformation at the same maximum load over the same accumulated loading time. Such fatigue-induced deformability loss is more pronounced at higher amplitudes of cyclic deformation. These results uniquely establish the important role of mechanical fatigue in influencing physical properties of biological cells. They further provide insights into the accumulated membrane damage during blood circulation, paving the way for further investigations of the eventual failure of RBCs causing hemolysis in various hemolytic pathologies.
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50
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Hernández G, Villanueva-Ibarra CA, Maldonado-Vega M, López-Vanegas NC, Ruiz-Cascante CE, Calderón-Salinas JV. Participation of phospholipase-A 2 and sphingomyelinase in the molecular pathways to eryptosis induced by oxidative stress in lead-exposed workers. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2019; 371:12-19. [PMID: 30928402 DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2019.03.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2018] [Revised: 03/08/2019] [Accepted: 03/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The increment of eryptosis in lead-exposed workers has been associated with oxidative stress, having as the main mediator [Ca2+]i. However, other molecules could participate as signals, such as PLA2 and SMase, which have been proposed to increase PGE2 and ceramides, both involved in the increment of PS externalization due to osmotic stress. To study the role of these enzymes in lead intoxication, we studied 30 lead exposed workers and 27 non-lead exposed individuals. We found, compared to non-exposed subjects, lead intoxication characterized by high blood lead concentration (median = 39.1 μg/dL), and low δ-ALAD activity (median = 348 nmol of porphobilinogen/h/mL); oxidative stress with high lipid peroxidation (median = 1.31 nmol of malondialdehyde/mL) and low TAC (median = 370 mM Trolox equivalents); a higher enzymatic activity of PLA2 (median = 518 AFU/mg) and SMase (median = 706 AFU/mg) and higher eryptosis (median = 0.92% PS externalization). Correlation and conditional probability analyses permit to associate oxidative stress and eryptosis with high PLA2 activity. However, high SMase activity was only associated with PLA2 activity. The role of these enzymes in the signal path to eryptosis induced by oxidative stress in lead-exposed workers is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gerardo Hernández
- Section Methodology of Science, Centro de Investigación y Estudios Avanzados-IPN (Cinvestav), Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | | | - María Maldonado-Vega
- Planning, Teaching and Research Department, Hospital Regional de Alta Especialidad del Bajío. León, Guanajuato, Mexico
| | | | - Claudia-Estefania Ruiz-Cascante
- Programa de Maestría y Doctorado en Ciencias Médicas, Odontológicas y de la Salud, Salud en el Trabajo, UNAM, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - José-Víctor Calderón-Salinas
- Biochemistry Department, Centro de Investigación y Estudios Avanzados-IPN (Cinvestav), Ciudad de México, Mexico.
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