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Zhang C, Yin Z, Hu F, Lin X, Guan Q, Zhang F, Zhang X. Omega-3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids Alleviate Intestinal Barrier Dysfunction in Obstructive Jaundice Rats. Mol Biotechnol 2024; 66:1954-1960. [PMID: 37507597 DOI: 10.1007/s12033-023-00829-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2023] [Accepted: 07/14/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023]
Abstract
Obstructive jaundice (OJ) can cause multiple pathophysiological consequences including intestinal barrier dysfunction. Omega-3 has been indicated to have a promising therapeutic effect on OJ. This study aimed to further investigate the functions of omega-3 on OJ-induced intestinal injury. A rat OJ model was established by bile duct ligation with or without omega-3 administration. ELISA was utilized for measuring serum levels of inflammatory cytokines. Hematoxylin-eosin staining and TUNEL staining were employed for detecting the morphological changes and cell apoptosis in rat intestine. Western blotting was utilized for evaluating expression of tight junction proteins in the intestinal tissues. Omgea-3 offset the reduction in body weight of OJ rats. Omega-3 alleviated inflammatory response, pathological damages and cell apoptosis in the intestine of OJ rats. Additionally, omega-3 enhanced levels of tight junction proteins in the intestinal tissues of OJ rats. Omega-3 ameliorates OJ-triggered impairment of intestinal barrier function in rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changxi Zhang
- Department of General Surgery, Binzhou Medical University Hospital, No.661, Huanghe 2nd Road, Binzhou, 256603, Shandong, China
| | - Zhicheng Yin
- Department of General Surgery, Binzhou Medical University Hospital, No.661, Huanghe 2nd Road, Binzhou, 256603, Shandong, China
| | - Feng'ai Hu
- Clinical Medicine Laboratory, Binzhou Medical University Hospital, Binzhou, 256603, Shandong, China
| | - Xutao Lin
- Department of General Surgery, Binzhou Medical University Hospital, No.661, Huanghe 2nd Road, Binzhou, 256603, Shandong, China
| | - Qinghai Guan
- Department of General Surgery, Binzhou Medical University Hospital, No.661, Huanghe 2nd Road, Binzhou, 256603, Shandong, China
| | - Fan Zhang
- Department of General Surgery, Binzhou Medical University Hospital, No.661, Huanghe 2nd Road, Binzhou, 256603, Shandong, China
| | - Xingyuan Zhang
- Department of General Surgery, Binzhou Medical University Hospital, No.661, Huanghe 2nd Road, Binzhou, 256603, Shandong, China.
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Haque M, Kaminsky L, Abdulqadir R, Engers J, Kovtunov E, Rawat M, Al-Sadi R, Ma TY. Lactobacillus acidophilus inhibits the TNF-α-induced increase in intestinal epithelial tight junction permeability via a TLR-2 and PI3K-dependent inhibition of NF-κB activation. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1348010. [PMID: 39081324 PMCID: PMC11286488 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1348010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2023] [Accepted: 06/25/2024] [Indexed: 08/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Defective intestinal epithelial tight junction (TJ), characterized by an increase in intestinal TJ permeability, has been shown to play a critical role in the pathogenesis of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) is a key pro-inflammatory cytokine involved in the immunopathology of IBD and has been shown to cause an increase in intestinal epithelial TJ permeability. Although TNF-α antibodies and other biologics have been advanced for use in IBD treatment, these therapies are associated with severe side effects and have limited efficacy, and there is an urgent need for therapies with benign profiles and high therapeutic efficacy. Probiotic bacteria have beneficial effects and are generally safe and represent an important class of potential therapeutic agents in IBD. Lactobacillus acidophilus (LA) is one of the most used probiotics for wide-ranging health benefits, including in gastrointestinal, metabolic, and inflammatory disorders. A specific strain of LA, LA1, was recently demonstrated to have protective and therapeutic effects on the intestinal epithelial TJ barrier. However, the mechanisms of actions of LA1 remain largely unknown. Methods The primary aim of this study was to investigate microbial-epithelial interactions and novel signaling pathways that regulate the effect of LA1 on TNF-α-induced increase in intestinal epithelial TJ permeability, using cell culture and animal model systems. Results and Conclusion Pre-treatment of filter-grown Caco-2 monolayers with LA1 prevented the TNF-α-induced increase in intestinal epithelial TJ permeability by inhibiting TNF-α-induced activation of NF-κB p50/p65 and myosin light chain kinase (MLCK) gene and kinase activity in a TLR-2-dependent manner. LA1 produced a TLR-2- and MyD88-dependent activation of NF-κB p50/p65 in immune cells; however, LA1, in intestinal cells, inhibited the NF-κB p50/p65 activation in a TLR-2-dependent but MyD88-independent manner. In addition, LA1 inhibition of NF-κB p50/p65 and MLCK gene was mediated by TLR-2 pathway activation of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K) and IKK-α phosphorylation. Our results demonstrated novel intracellular signaling pathways by which LA1/TLR-2 suppresses the TNF-α pathway activation of NF-κB p50/p65 in intestinal epithelial cells and protects against the TNF-α-induced increase in intestinal epithelial TJ permeability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Haque
- Department of Medicine, Penn State Milton S. Hershey Medical Center, Hershey, PA, United States
| | - Lauren Kaminsky
- Department of Medicine, Penn State Milton S. Hershey Medical Center, Hershey, PA, United States
| | - Raz Abdulqadir
- Department of Medicine, Penn State Milton S. Hershey Medical Center, Hershey, PA, United States
| | - Jessica Engers
- Department of Medicine, Penn State Milton S. Hershey Medical Center, Hershey, PA, United States
| | - Evgeny Kovtunov
- Department of Medicine, Penn State Milton S. Hershey Medical Center, Hershey, PA, United States
| | - Manmeet Rawat
- Department of Medicine, Penn State Milton S. Hershey Medical Center, Hershey, PA, United States
| | - Rana Al-Sadi
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, United States
| | - Thomas Y. Ma
- Department of Medicine, Penn State Milton S. Hershey Medical Center, Hershey, PA, United States
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Singh J, Vanlallawmzuali, Singh A, Biswal S, Zomuansangi R, Lalbiaktluangi C, Singh BP, Singh PK, Vellingiri B, Iyer M, Ram H, Udey B, Yadav MK. Microbiota-brain axis: Exploring the role of gut microbiota in psychiatric disorders - A comprehensive review. Asian J Psychiatr 2024; 97:104068. [PMID: 38776563 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajp.2024.104068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2023] [Revised: 02/28/2024] [Accepted: 05/01/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024]
Abstract
Mental illness is a hidden epidemic in modern science that has gradually spread worldwide. According to estimates from the World Health Organization (WHO), approximately 10% of the world's population suffers from various mental diseases each year. Worldwide, financial and health burdens on society are increasing annually. Therefore, understanding the different factors that can influence mental illness is required to formulate novel and effective treatments and interventions to combat mental illness. Gut microbiota, consisting of diverse microbial communities residing in the gastrointestinal tract, exert profound effects on the central nervous system through the gut-brain axis. The gut-brain axis serves as a conduit for bidirectional communication between the two systems, enabling the gut microbiota to affect emotional and cognitive functions. Dysbiosis, or an imbalance in the gut microbiota, is associated with an increased susceptibility to mental health disorders and psychiatric illnesses. Gut microbiota is one of the most diverse and abundant groups of microbes that have been found to interact with the central nervous system and play important physiological functions in the human gut, thus greatly affecting the development of mental illnesses. The interaction between gut microbiota and mental health-related illnesses is a multifaceted and promising field of study. This review explores the mechanisms by which gut microbiota influences mental health, encompassing the modulation of neurotransmitter production, neuroinflammation, and integrity of the gut barrier. In addition, it emphasizes a thorough understanding of how the gut microbiome affects various psychiatric conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jawahar Singh
- Department of Psychiatry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS), Bathinda, Punjab, India
| | - Vanlallawmzuali
- Department of Biotechnology, Mizoram Central University, Pachhunga University College Campus, Aizawl, Mizoram, India
| | - Amit Singh
- Department of Microbiology Central University of Punjab, Bathinda 151401, India
| | - Suryanarayan Biswal
- Department of Human Genetics and Molecular Medicine, Central University of Punjab, Bathinda 151401, India
| | - Ruth Zomuansangi
- Department of Microbiology Central University of Punjab, Bathinda 151401, India
| | - C Lalbiaktluangi
- Department of Microbiology Central University of Punjab, Bathinda 151401, India
| | - Bhim Pratap Singh
- Department of Agriculture and Environmental Sciences (AES), National Institute of Food Technology Entrepreneurship and Management (NIFTEM), Sonepat, Haryana, India
| | - Prashant Kumar Singh
- Department of Biotechnology, Pachhunga University College Campus, Mizoram University (A Central University), Aizawl 796001, Mizoram, India
| | - Balachandar Vellingiri
- Stem cell and Regenerative Medicine/Translational Research, Department of Zoology, School of Basic Sciences, Central University of Punjab (CUPB), Bathinda, Punjab 151401, India
| | - Mahalaxmi Iyer
- Department of Microbiology Central University of Punjab, Bathinda 151401, India
| | - Heera Ram
- Department of Zoology, Jai Narain Vyas University, Jodhpur, Rajasthan 342001, India
| | - Bharat Udey
- Department of Psychiatry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS), Bathinda, Punjab, India
| | - Mukesh Kumar Yadav
- Department of Microbiology Central University of Punjab, Bathinda 151401, India.
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Ge Y, Wang J, Wu L, Wu J. Gut microbiota: a potential new regulator of hypertension. Front Cardiovasc Med 2024; 11:1333005. [PMID: 38993521 PMCID: PMC11236727 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2024.1333005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2023] [Accepted: 04/16/2024] [Indexed: 07/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Hypertension is a significant risk factor for cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases and has become a global public health concern. Although hypertension results from a combination of factors, the specific mechanism is still unclear. However, increasing evidence suggests that gut microbiota is closely associated with the development of hypertension. We provide a summary of the composition and physiological role of gut microbiota. We then delve into the mechanism of gut microbiota and its metabolites involved in the occurrence and development of hypertension. Finally, we review various regimens for better-controlling hypertension from the diet, exercise, drugs, antibiotics, probiotics, and fecal transplantation perspectives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanmin Ge
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Jiaxin Wang
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Lincong Wu
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Junduo Wu
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
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Lim JJ, Goedken M, Jin Y, Gu H, Cui JY. Single-cell transcriptomics unveiled that early life BDE-99 exposure reprogrammed the gut-liver axis to promote a proinflammatory metabolic signature in male mice at late adulthood. Toxicol Sci 2024; 200:114-136. [PMID: 38648751 PMCID: PMC11199921 DOI: 10.1093/toxsci/kfae047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) are legacy flame retardants that bioaccumulate in the environment. The gut microbiome is an important regulator of liver functions including xenobiotic biotransformation and immune regulation. We recently showed that neonatal exposure to polybrominated diphenyl ether-99 (BDE-99), a human breast milk-enriched PBDE congener, up-regulated proinflammation-related and down-regulated drug metabolism-related genes predominantly in males in young adulthood. However, the persistence of this dysregulation into late adulthood, differential impact among hepatic cell types, and the involvement of the gut microbiome from neonatal BDE-99 exposure remain unknown. To address these knowledge gaps, male C57BL/6 mouse pups were orally exposed to corn oil (10 ml/kg) or BDE-99 (57 mg/kg) once daily from postnatal days 2-4. At 15 months of age, neonatal BDE-99 exposure down-regulated xenobiotic and lipid-metabolizing enzymes and up-regulated genes involved in microbial influx in hepatocytes. Neonatal BDE-99 exposure also increased the hepatic proportion of neutrophils and led to a predicted increase of macrophage migration inhibitory factor signaling. This was associated with decreased intestinal tight junction protein (Tjp) transcripts, altered gut environment, and dysregulation of inflammation-related metabolites. ScRNA-seq using germ-free (GF) mice demonstrated the necessity of a normal gut microbiome in maintaining hepatic immune tolerance. Microbiota transplant to GF mice using large intestinal microbiome from adults neonatally exposed to BDE-99 down-regulated Tjp transcripts and up-regulated several cytokines in large intestine. In conclusion, neonatal BDE-99 exposure reprogrammed cell type-specific gene expression and cell-cell communication in liver towards proinflammation, and this may be partly due to the dysregulated gut environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joe Jongpyo Lim
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98105, USA
- Environmental Health and Microbiome Research Center (EHMBRACE), Seattle, Washington 98105, USA
| | - Michael Goedken
- Rutgers Research Pathology Services, Rutgers University, Piscataway, New Jersey 08854, USA
| | - Yan Jin
- Center for Translational Science, Florida International University, Port St Lucie, Florida 34987, USA
| | - Haiwei Gu
- Center for Translational Science, Florida International University, Port St Lucie, Florida 34987, USA
| | - Julia Yue Cui
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98105, USA
- Environmental Health and Microbiome Research Center (EHMBRACE), Seattle, Washington 98105, USA
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Alizadeh M, Wong U, Siaton BC, Patil SA, George L, Raufman JP, Scott WH, von Rosenvinge EC, Ravel J, Cross RK. Inflammatory Bowel Disease-Associated Arthritis Is Associated with Concomitant Autoimmune and Inflammatory Disorders. Dig Dis Sci 2024:10.1007/s10620-024-08478-7. [PMID: 38902460 DOI: 10.1007/s10620-024-08478-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2024] [Accepted: 05/05/2024] [Indexed: 06/22/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Extraintestinal Manifestations (EIMs) are a common and potentially debilitating complication of Inflammatory Bowel Diseases (IBD), sometimes requiring additional treatment beyond those used to control intestinal disease. IBD-associated arthritis (IAA), a form of spondyloarthritis, is associated with several factors including disease location, sex, and IBD type. However, much remains unknown about other clinical factors predicting development of EIMs. Our goal was to identify additional factors associated with IAA. METHODS Participants in the LOCATION-IBD cohort were included in this analysis. We performed univariate and multivariate analysis of demographics, clinical data, and patient-reported outcomes data. RESULTS The LOCATION-IBD cohort included 182 participants with (n = 53) and without (n = 110) joint EIMs and with joint pain of unclear etiology (n = 19). In a multivariate analysis comparing those with and without joint EIMs, female sex (OR = 2.5, p = 0.014), the presence of concomitant autoimmune and inflammatory disorders (OR = 2.5, p = 0.038), and Crohn's disease (OR = 2.9, p = 0.026) were associated with the presence of joint EIMs. CONCLUSION This analysis reveals patients with IAA are more likely to have concomitant autoimmune disorders. Further studies are needed to confirm this association, understand the mechanisms underlying the common pathogenesis of these concurrent disorders, and evaluate their impact on the treatment of IAA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madeline Alizadeh
- Institute for Genome Sciences, University of Maryland School of Medicine, HSF III, 670 W Baltimore St, Baltimore, MD, 21201, USA.
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, 22 S Greene St, Baltimore, MD, 21201, USA.
- Department of Veterans Affairs, Veterans Affairs Maryland Health Care System, Baltimore, MD, USA.
| | - Uni Wong
- Department of Veterans Affairs, Washington DC Veterans Health Administration, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Bernadette C Siaton
- Department of Veterans Affairs, Veterans Affairs Maryland Health Care System, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Division of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Department of Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Seema A Patil
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, 22 S Greene St, Baltimore, MD, 21201, USA
- Department of Veterans Affairs, Veterans Affairs Maryland Health Care System, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Lauren George
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, 22 S Greene St, Baltimore, MD, 21201, USA
- Department of Veterans Affairs, Veterans Affairs Maryland Health Care System, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Jean-Pierre Raufman
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, 22 S Greene St, Baltimore, MD, 21201, USA
- Department of Veterans Affairs, Veterans Affairs Maryland Health Care System, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - William H Scott
- Department of Veterans Affairs, Veterans Affairs Maryland Health Care System, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Erik C von Rosenvinge
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, 22 S Greene St, Baltimore, MD, 21201, USA
- Department of Veterans Affairs, Veterans Affairs Maryland Health Care System, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Jacques Ravel
- Institute for Genome Sciences, University of Maryland School of Medicine, HSF III, 670 W Baltimore St, Baltimore, MD, 21201, USA
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Raymond K Cross
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, 22 S Greene St, Baltimore, MD, 21201, USA
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7
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Lu Y, Chen H, Chen Y, Zhao L, Hou S. Accumulated LPS induced by colitis altered the activities of vitamin D-metabolizing hydroxylases and decreased the generation of 25-hydroxyvitamin D. Chem Biol Interact 2024; 395:110997. [PMID: 38588969 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2024.110997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2024] [Revised: 03/21/2024] [Accepted: 04/04/2024] [Indexed: 04/10/2024]
Abstract
It is generally accepted that low vitamin D (VD) levels are associated with a high prevalence factor for Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). IBD patients have observed higher levels of lipopolysaccharide (LPS), ALT, and AST than healthy people. Gut-derived LPS causes inflammatory injury in the liver and kidney. The VD-metabolizing mechanism is involved in the liver and kidney, which means IBD might impact VD metabolism. However, whether IBD affects VD metabolism has not been studied. In vitro LPS resulted in decreased CYP2R1 in liver cells as well as decreased CYP27B1 and increased CYP24A1 in kidney cells, revealing that LPS changed the activities of several hydroxylases. Mice with acute colitis had an increased LPS in serum and liver with mild hepatic injuries, while mice with chronic colitis had a significant elevation of LPS in serum, liver, and kidney with hepatorenal injuries. Thus, the liver hydroxylase for VD metabolism would be the first to be affected in IBD. Consequently, serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D declined dramatically with a significant elevation of 24,25-dihydroxyvitamin D and 1,24,25-trihydroxyvitamin D. Unchanged serum levels of 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D might be the result of other factors in vivo. In acute colitis, a small dosage (4 IU/day) of cholecalciferol could protect the colon, decrease the serum level of LPS, and finally increase serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D. However, this improvement of cholecalciferol was fading in chronic colitis. These results suggested that VD supplementations for preventing and curing IBD in the clinic should consider hepatorenal hydroxylases and be employed as soon as possible for a better outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingyu Lu
- Shunde Hospital, Southern Medical University, Foshan, 528000, Guangdong, PR China
| | - Hao Chen
- Shunde Hospital, Southern Medical University, Foshan, 528000, Guangdong, PR China
| | - Yonger Chen
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510000, Guangdong, PR China
| | - Liang Zhao
- Shunde Hospital, Southern Medical University, Foshan, 528000, Guangdong, PR China; Department of Pathology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510000, Guangdong, PR China.
| | - Shaozhen Hou
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510000, Guangdong, PR China.
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Kuo YR, Lin CH, Lin WS, Pan MH. L-Glutamine Substantially Improves 5-Fluorouracil-Induced Intestinal Mucositis by Modulating Gut Microbiota and Maintaining the Integrity of the Gut Barrier in Mice. Mol Nutr Food Res 2024; 68:e2300704. [PMID: 38656560 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.202300704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2023] [Revised: 03/26/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024]
Abstract
SCOPE This study investigates the potential of glutamine to mitigate intestinal mucositis and dysbiosis caused by the chemotherapeutic agent 5-fluorouracil (5-FU). METHODS AND RESULTS Over twelve days, Institute of Cancer Research (ICR) mice are given low (0.5 mg kg-1) or high (2 mg kg-1) doses of L-Glutamine daily, with 5-FU (50 mg kg-1) administered between days six and nine. Mice receiving only 5-FU exhibited weight loss, diarrhea, abnormal cell growth, and colonic inflammation, correlated with decreased mucin proteins, increased endotoxins, reduced fecal short-chain fatty acids, and altered gut microbiota. Glutamine supplementation counteracted these effects by inhibiting the Toll-like receptor 4/nuclear factor kappa B (TLR4/NF-κB) pathway, modulating nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2/heme oxygenase 1 (Nrf2/HO-1) oxidative stress proteins, and increasing mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) levels, thereby enhancing microbial diversity and protecting intestinal mucosa. CONCLUSIONS These findings underscore glutamine's potential in preventing 5-FU-induced mucositis by modulating gut microbiota and inflammation pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya-Ru Kuo
- Institute of Food Science and Technology, National Taiwan University, Taipei, 10617, Taiwan
| | - Cheng-Hung Lin
- Institute of Food Science and Technology, National Taiwan University, Taipei, 10617, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Sheng Lin
- Institute of Food Science and Technology, National Taiwan University, Taipei, 10617, Taiwan
- Department of Food Science, National Quemoy University, Quemoy County, 89250, Taiwan
| | - Min-Hsiung Pan
- Institute of Food Science and Technology, National Taiwan University, Taipei, 10617, Taiwan
- Department of Medical Research, China Medical University Hospital, China Medical University, Taichung City, 40402, Taiwan
- Department of Health and Nutrition Biotechnology, Asia University, Taichung City, 41354, Taiwan
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9
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Riva A, Sahin E, Volpedo G, Petretto A, Lavarello C, Di Sapia R, Barbarossa D, Zaniani NR, Craparotta I, Barbera MC, Sezerman U, Vezzani A, Striano P, Ravizza T. Identification of an epilepsy-linked gut microbiota signature in a pediatric rat model of acquired epilepsy. Neurobiol Dis 2024; 194:106469. [PMID: 38485093 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2024.106469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2023] [Revised: 03/04/2024] [Accepted: 03/06/2024] [Indexed: 03/21/2024] Open
Abstract
A dysfunctional gut microbiota-brain axis is emerging as a potential pathogenic mechanism in epilepsy, particularly in pediatric forms of epilepsy. To add new insights into gut-related changes in acquired epilepsy that develops early in life, we used a multi-omics approach in a rat model with a 56% incidence of epilepsy. The presence of spontaneous seizures was assessed in adult rats (n = 46) 5 months after status epilepticus induced by intra-amygdala kainate at postnatal day 13, by 2 weeks (24/7) ECoG monitoring. Twenty-six rats developed epilepsy (Epi) while the remaining 20 rats (No-Epi) did not show spontaneous seizures. At the end of ECoG monitoring, all rats and their sham controls (n = 20) were sacrificed for quantitative histopathological and immunohistochemical analyses of the gut structure, glia and macrophages, as well as RTqPCR analysis of inflammation/oxidative stress markers. By comparing Epi, No-Epi rats, and sham controls, we found structural, cellular, and molecular alterations reflecting a dysfunctional gut, which were specifically associated with epilepsy. In particular, the villus height-to-crypt depth ratio and number of Goblet cells were reduced in the duodenum of Epi rats vs both No-Epi rats and sham controls (p < 0.01). Villus height and crypt depth in the duodenum and jejunum (p < 0.01) were increased in No-Epi vs both Epi and sham controls. We also detected enhanced Iba1-positive macrophages, together with increased IL1b and NFE2L2 transcripts and TNF protein, in the small intestine of Epi vs both No-Epi and sham control rats (p < 0.01), denoting the presence of inflammation and oxidative stress. Astroglial GFAP-immunostaining was similar in all experimental groups. Metagenomic analysis in the feces collected 5 months after status epilepticus showed that the ratio of two dominant phyla (Bacteroidota-to-Firmicutes) was similarly increased in Epi and No-Epi rats vs sham control rats. Notably, the relative abundance of families, genera, and species associated with SCFA production differed in Epi vs No-Epi rats, describing a bacterial imprint associated with epilepsy. Furthermore, Epi rats showed a blood metabolic signature characterized by changes in lipid metabolism compared to both No-Epi and sham control rats. Our study provides new evidence of long-term gut alterations, along with microbiota-related metabolic changes, occurring specifically in rats that develop epilepsy after brain injury early in life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonella Riva
- IRCCS Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Genova, Italy; Department of Neurosciences, Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetics, Maternal and Child Health, Università degli Studi di Genova, Genova, Italy
| | - Eray Sahin
- Acıbadem University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Biostatistics and Medical Informatics, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Greta Volpedo
- IRCCS Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Genova, Italy; Department of Neurosciences, Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetics, Maternal and Child Health, Università degli Studi di Genova, Genova, Italy
| | | | | | - Rossella Di Sapia
- Department of Acute Brain and Cardiovascular Injury, Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS, Milano, Italy
| | - Davide Barbarossa
- Department of Acute Brain and Cardiovascular Injury, Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS, Milano, Italy
| | - Nasibeh Riahi Zaniani
- Department of Acute Brain and Cardiovascular Injury, Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS, Milano, Italy
| | - Ilaria Craparotta
- Department of Oncology, Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS, Milano, Italy
| | - Maria Chiara Barbera
- Department of Oncology, Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS, Milano, Italy
| | - Uğur Sezerman
- Acıbadem University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Biostatistics and Medical Informatics, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Annamaria Vezzani
- Department of Acute Brain and Cardiovascular Injury, Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS, Milano, Italy
| | - Pasquale Striano
- IRCCS Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Genova, Italy; Department of Neurosciences, Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetics, Maternal and Child Health, Università degli Studi di Genova, Genova, Italy
| | - Teresa Ravizza
- Department of Acute Brain and Cardiovascular Injury, Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS, Milano, Italy.
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Kim NH, Choi HS, Lee MY, Seong H, Han NS, Hu HJ, Kim YS, Park JH. The Effects of Fermented Rice Drink With Lactiplantibacillus plantarum JSA22 in Overweight Irritable Bowel Syndrome Patients: A Randomized, Double-blind, Placebo-controlled Study. J Neurogastroenterol Motil 2024; 30:194-207. [PMID: 38576369 PMCID: PMC10999840 DOI: 10.5056/jnm23184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2023] [Revised: 01/02/2024] [Accepted: 01/18/2024] [Indexed: 04/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Background/Aims This study aims to investigate the effect of a fermented rice drink with Lactiplantibacillus plantarum JSA22 on symptoms, blood tests, microbiomes, and fecal metabolites in patients with irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) who were overweight. Methods Sixty overweight (body mass index ≥ 23 kg/m2) patients aged between 20 and 65 with IBS were enrolled. Patients were divided into 2 groups and administered either a fermented rice drink or an nonfermented rice drink for a month. The symptom questionnaire, blood samples, and stool samples for microbiome and metabolite were collected before and after the month of rice drink administration. The primary efficacy variable was the subject's global assessment of IBS symptoms. Results In both groups, global IBS symptoms, including abdominal pain, bowel habit, urgency, and abdominal distension, improved significantly (P < 0.01). The abdominal bloating was more significantly improved in the fermented rice drink group than in the nonfermented rice drink group (P < 0.05). Significant changes were not observed in metabolic syndrome-related blood tests or fecal metabolites in either group. However, microbiome analysis showed significant differences in genus levels before and after consuming fermented rice drink, such as in Blautia in stool (P = 0.020) and Prevotella (P = 0.017) and Oribacterium (P = 0.018) in saliva. Conclusions The fermented rice drink with L. plantarum JSA22 showed a beneficial effect in reducing abdominal distension in IBS patients. Bacteria that reduce visceral fat accumulation increased in the stool and saliva of patients who consumed fermented rice drinks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nam-Hee Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Kangbuk Samsung Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hye Sun Choi
- National Institute of Crop Science, Rural Development Administration, Suwon, Gyeonggi-do, Korea
| | - Moon Young Lee
- Digestive Diseases Research Institute, School of Medicine, Wonkwang University, Iksan, Jeollabuk-do, Korea
| | - Hyunbin Seong
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Chungcheongbuk-do, Korea
| | - Nam Soo Han
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Chungcheongbuk-do, Korea
| | - Hae-Jin Hu
- Endomics, Inc, Seongnam, Gyeonggi-do, Korea
| | - Yong Sung Kim
- Digestive Diseases Research Institute, School of Medicine, Wonkwang University, Iksan, Jeollabuk-do, Korea
- Gut & Food Healthcare Co, Ltd, Seongnam, Gyeonggi-do, Korea
| | - Jung Ho Park
- Department of Internal Medicine, Kangbuk Samsung Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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11
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Jeong S, Liao YT, Tsai MH, Wang YK, Wu IC, Liu CJ, Wu MS, Chan TS, Chen MY, Hu PJ, Kao WY, Liu HC, Tsai MJ, Liu CY, Chang CC, Wu DC, Hsu YH. Microbiome signatures associated with clinical stages of gastric Cancer: whole metagenome shotgun sequencing study. BMC Microbiol 2024; 24:139. [PMID: 38658841 PMCID: PMC11040827 DOI: 10.1186/s12866-024-03219-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2023] [Accepted: 02/08/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Gastric cancer is one of the global health concerns. A series of studies on the stomach have confirmed the role of the microbiome in shaping gastrointestinal diseases. Delineation of microbiome signatures to distinguish chronic gastritis from gastric cancer will provide a non-invasive preventative and treatment strategy. In this study, we performed whole metagenome shotgun sequencing of fecal samples to enhance the detection of rare bacterial species and increase genome sequence coverage. Additionally, we employed multiple bioinformatics approaches to investigate the potential targets of the microbiome as an indicator of differentiating gastric cancer from chronic gastritis. RESULTS A total of 65 patients were enrolled, comprising 33 individuals with chronic gastritis and 32 with gastric cancer. Within each group, the chronic gastritis group was sub-grouped into intestinal metaplasia (n = 15) and non-intestinal metaplasia (n = 18); the gastric cancer group, early stage (stages 1 and 2, n = 13) and late stage (stages 3 and 4, n = 19) cancer. No significant differences in alpha and beta diversities were detected among the patient groups. However, in a two-group univariate comparison, higher Fusobacteria abundance was identified in phylum; Fusobacteria presented higher abundance in gastric cancer (LDA scored 4.27, q = 0.041 in LEfSe). Age and sex-adjusted MaAsLin and Random Forest variable of importance (VIMP) analysis in species provided meaningful features; Bacteria_caccae was the most contributing species toward gastric cancer and late-stage cancer (beta:2.43, se:0.891, p:0.008, VIMP score:2.543). In contrast, Bifidobacterium_longum significantly contributed to chronic gastritis (beta:-1.8, se:0.699, p:0.009, VIMP score:1.988). Age, sex, and BMI-adjusted MasAsLin on metabolic pathway analysis showed that GLCMANNANAUT-PWY degradation was higher in gastric cancer and one of the contributing species was Fusobacterium_varium. CONCLUSION Microbiomes belonging to the pathogenic phylum Fusobacteria and species Bacteroides_caccae and Streptococcus_anginosus can be significant targets for monitoring the progression of gastric cancer. Whereas Bifidobacterium_longum and Lachnospiraceae_bacterium_5_1_63FAA might be protection biomarkers against gastric cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sohyun Jeong
- Hinda and Arthur Marcus Institute for Aging Research, Hebrew SeniorLife, 1200 Centre Street, Boston, MA, 02131, USA
- Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Yi-Tyng Liao
- Development Center for Biotechnology, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Min-Hsuan Tsai
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, 100 TzYou 1st Rd, Kaohsiung City, 80756, Taiwan
| | - Yao-Kuang Wang
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, 100 TzYou 1st Rd, Kaohsiung City, 80756, Taiwan
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - I-Chen Wu
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, 100 TzYou 1st Rd, Kaohsiung City, 80756, Taiwan
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Chung-Jung Liu
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, 100 TzYou 1st Rd, Kaohsiung City, 80756, Taiwan
- Regenerative Medicine and Cell Therapy Research Center, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Shun Wu
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, No.250, Wuxing St., Xinyi Dist, Taipei, 110, Taiwan
- TMU Research Center for Digestive Medicine, Taipei Medical University, No.252, Wuxing St., Xinyi Dist, Taipei, 110, Taiwan
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Wan Fang Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Tze-Sian Chan
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, No.250, Wuxing St., Xinyi Dist, Taipei, 110, Taiwan
- TMU Research Center for Digestive Medicine, Taipei Medical University, No.252, Wuxing St., Xinyi Dist, Taipei, 110, Taiwan
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Wan Fang Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Yao Chen
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, No.250, Wuxing St., Xinyi Dist, Taipei, 110, Taiwan
- TMU Research Center for Digestive Medicine, Taipei Medical University, No.252, Wuxing St., Xinyi Dist, Taipei, 110, Taiwan
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Shuang Ho Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ping-Jen Hu
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, No.250, Wuxing St., Xinyi Dist, Taipei, 110, Taiwan
- TMU Research Center for Digestive Medicine, Taipei Medical University, No.252, Wuxing St., Xinyi Dist, Taipei, 110, Taiwan
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Shuang Ho Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Yu Kao
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei, 110, Taiwan
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, No.250, Wuxing St., Xinyi Dist, Taipei, 110, Taiwan
- TMU Research Center for Digestive Medicine, Taipei Medical University, No.252, Wuxing St., Xinyi Dist, Taipei, 110, Taiwan
| | | | - Ming-Ju Tsai
- Hinda and Arthur Marcus Institute for Aging Research, Hebrew SeniorLife, 1200 Centre Street, Boston, MA, 02131, USA
| | | | - Chun-Chao Chang
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei, 110, Taiwan.
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, No.250, Wuxing St., Xinyi Dist, Taipei, 110, Taiwan.
- TMU Research Center for Digestive Medicine, Taipei Medical University, No.252, Wuxing St., Xinyi Dist, Taipei, 110, Taiwan.
| | - Deng-Chyang Wu
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, 100 TzYou 1st Rd, Kaohsiung City, 80756, Taiwan.
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.
- Regenerative Medicine and Cell Therapy Research Center, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.
| | - Yi-Hsiang Hsu
- Hinda and Arthur Marcus Institute for Aging Research, Hebrew SeniorLife, 1200 Centre Street, Boston, MA, 02131, USA.
- Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA.
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12
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Xie RC, Zhang JC, Lin XM, Huang T, Wang YT, Zhang LF, Hong XY, Lin XF, Zheng HJ, Luo Z, Yi LT, Ma JF. Inhibition of colon C5a/C5a receptor signalling pathway confers protection against LPS-induced acute kidney injury via gut microbiota-kidney axis. Eur J Pharmacol 2024; 969:176425. [PMID: 38387717 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2024.176425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2023] [Revised: 02/03/2024] [Accepted: 02/14/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024]
Abstract
Acute kidney injury (AKI) is a critical condition often associated with systemic inflammation and dysregulated gut microbiota. This study aimed to investigate the effects of the C5a receptor antagonist W54011 on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced AKI, focusing on the colon's C5a/C5a receptor pathway, intestinal barrier integrity, and gut microbiota. Our findings demonstrate that W54011 effectively ameliorated kidney injury in the LPS-induced AKI model by selectively inhibiting the colon's C5a/C5a receptor signalling pathway. Additionally, C5a receptor blockade resulted in the inhibition of colonic inflammation and the reconstruction of the intestinal mucosal barrier. Furthermore, W54011 administration significantly impacted the composition and stability of the gut microbiota, restoring the abundance of dominant bacteria to levels observed in the normal state of the intestinal flora and reducing the abundance of potentially harmful bacterial groups. In conclusion, W54011 alleviates LPS-induced AKI by modulating the interplay between the colon, gut microbiota, and kidneys. It preserves the integrity of the intestinal barrier and reinstates gut microbiota, thereby mitigating AKI symptoms. These findings suggest that targeting the colon and gut microbiota could be a promising therapeutic strategy for AKI treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rong-Cheng Xie
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Zhongshan Hospital (Xiamen), Fudan University, Xiamen, 361015, Fujian province, PR China
| | - Jin-Cheng Zhang
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200030, PR China
| | - Xiao-Ming Lin
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Zhongshan Hospital (Xiamen), Fudan University, Xiamen, 361015, Fujian province, PR China
| | - Ting Huang
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Zhongshan Hospital (Xiamen), Fudan University, Xiamen, 361015, Fujian province, PR China
| | - Yu-Ting Wang
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Zhongshan Hospital (Xiamen), Fudan University, Xiamen, 361015, Fujian province, PR China
| | - Lian-Fang Zhang
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Zhongshan Hospital (Xiamen), Fudan University, Xiamen, 361015, Fujian province, PR China
| | - Xiang-Yu Hong
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Zhongshan Hospital (Xiamen), Fudan University, Xiamen, 361015, Fujian province, PR China
| | - Xue-Feng Lin
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Zhongshan Hospital (Xiamen), Fudan University, Xiamen, 361015, Fujian province, PR China
| | - Hong-Jun Zheng
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Zhongshan Hospital (Xiamen), Fudan University, Xiamen, 361015, Fujian province, PR China
| | - Zhe Luo
- Cardiac Intensive Care Center, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200030, PR China
| | - Li-Tao Yi
- Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Engineering, College of Chemical Engineering, Huaqiao University, Xiamen, 361021, Fujian province, PR China.
| | - Jie-Fei Ma
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Zhongshan Hospital (Xiamen), Fudan University, Xiamen, 361015, Fujian province, PR China.
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13
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Leser T, Baker A. Molecular Mechanisms of Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus, LGG ® Probiotic Function. Microorganisms 2024; 12:794. [PMID: 38674738 PMCID: PMC11051730 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms12040794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2024] [Revised: 04/10/2024] [Accepted: 04/12/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
To advance probiotic research, a comprehensive understanding of bacterial interactions with human physiology at the molecular and cellular levels is fundamental. Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus LGG® is a bacterial strain that has long been recognized for its beneficial effects on human health. Probiotic effector molecules derived from LGG®, including secreted proteins, surface-anchored proteins, polysaccharides, and lipoteichoic acids, which interact with host physiological processes have been identified. In vitro and animal studies have revealed that specific LGG® effector molecules stimulate epithelial cell survival, preserve intestinal barrier integrity, reduce oxidative stress, mitigate excessive mucosal inflammation, enhance IgA secretion, and provide long-term protection through epigenetic imprinting. Pili on the cell surface of LGG® promote adhesion to the intestinal mucosa and ensure close contact to host cells. Extracellular vesicles produced by LGG® recapitulate many of these effects through their cargo of effector molecules. Collectively, the effector molecules of LGG® exert a significant influence on both the gut mucosa and immune system, which promotes intestinal homeostasis and immune tolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Leser
- Future Labs, Human Health Biosolutions, Novonesis, Kogle Alle 6, 2970 Hoersholm, Denmark;
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14
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Khaerani M, Chaeratunnisa R, Salsabila A, Asbah A, Asri RM, Shiratsuchi A, Nainu F. Curcumin-mediated alleviation of dextran-induced leaky gut in Drosophila melanogaster. NARRA J 2024; 4:e743. [PMID: 38798865 PMCID: PMC11125407 DOI: 10.52225/narra.v4i1.743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2024] [Accepted: 04/17/2024] [Indexed: 05/29/2024]
Abstract
Aging is commonly characterized by a decline in the physiological functioning of the body organs, with one hallmark being the impairment of intestinal function, leading to increased intestinal permeability known as leaky gut. The aim of this study was to investigate the potential of curcumin to prevent the development of leaky gut in Drosophila melanogaster utilizing the smurf fly method. In this study, flies aged 3-5 days underwent a 10-day dextran sulfate sodium (DSS) treatment to induce intestinal permeability, followed by a smurf assay using brilliant blue dye and locomotor testing the next day. Flies displaying the smurf phenotype were divided into four groups: untreated control and curcumin-treated (10 μM, 50 μM, and 250 μM). After 21 days of treatment, flies were reassessed for the smurf phenotype and underwent locomotor testing. On day 23, flies were subjected to RT-qPCR analysis. By inducing increased intestinal permeability through the administration of DSS, a higher proportion of flies exhibiting the smurf phenotype and a reduced survival rate in the DSS-treated group were observed. Such phenotypes were reversed, decreased number of flies displaying the smurf phenotype and improved fly survival, upon the incorporation of curcumin in the fly food at concentrations of 10, 50, and 250 μM. Subsequent molecular analysis revealed upregulated expression of sod1, cat, and pepck genes, while no significant changes were observed in the expression of sod2, indy, and srl genes following treatment with curcumin at high concentration. Overall, our findings provide insight into the potential effect of curcumin to alleviate the phenotypical features associated with DSS-induced leaky gut, possibly via the selective regulation of aging-related genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mufliha Khaerani
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Hasanuddin, Makassar, Indonesia
| | | | - Annisa Salsabila
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Hasanuddin, Makassar, Indonesia
| | - Asbah Asbah
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Hasanuddin, Makassar, Indonesia
| | - Rangga M. Asri
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Hasanuddin, Makassar, Indonesia
| | - Akiko Shiratsuchi
- Department of Liberal Arts and Sciences, Sapporo Medical University, Sapporo, Japan
- Graduate School of Medicine, Sapporo Medical University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Firzan Nainu
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Hasanuddin, Makassar, Indonesia
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15
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Karahan D, Harputluoglu MMM, Gul M, Gunduz A, Ozyalin F, İnceoğlu F, Tikici D, Yılmaz İ, Satilmis B. Ameliorative Effects of Larazotide Acetate on Intestinal Permeability and Bacterial Translocation in Acute Pancreatitis Model in Rats. Dig Dis Sci 2024; 69:1242-1252. [PMID: 38441784 DOI: 10.1007/s10620-024-08326-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2023] [Accepted: 01/29/2024] [Indexed: 04/19/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Intestinal barrier dysfunction in acute pancreatitis (AP) may progress to systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS) and multi-organ failures by causing bacterial translocation. Larazotide acetate (LA) is a molecule that acts as a tight junction (TJ) regulator by blocking zonulin (Zo) receptors in the intestine. AIMS In our study, we aimed to investigate the effects of LA on intestinal barrier dysfunction and bacterial translocation in the AP model in rats. METHODS Thirty-two male Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into 4 groups; control, larazotide (LAR), AP, and AP + LAR. The AP model was created by administering 250 mg/100 g bm L-Arginine intraperitoneally 2 times with an hour interval. AP + LAR group received prophylactic 0.01 mg/mL LA orally for 7 days before the first dose of L-Arginine. For intestinal permeability analysis, fluorescein isothiocyanate-dextran (FITC-Dextran) was applied to rats by gavage. The positivity of any of the liver, small intestine mesentery, and spleen cultures were defined as bacterial translocation. Histopathologically damage and zonulin immunoreactivity in the intestine were investigated. RESULTS Compared to the control group, the intestinal damage scores, anti-Zo-1 immunoreactivity H-Score, serum FITC-Dextran levels and bacterial translocation frequency (100% versus 0%) in the AP group were significantly higher (all p < 0.01). Intestinal damage scores, anti-Zo-1 immunoreactivity H-score, serum FITC-Dextran levels, and bacterial translocation frequency (50% versus 100%) were significantly lower in the AP + LAR group compared to the AP group (all p < 0.01). CONCLUSIONS Our findings show that LA reduces the increased intestinal permeability and intestinal damage by its effect on Zo in the AP model in rats, and decreases the frequency of bacterial translocation as a result of these positive effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Doğu Karahan
- Department of Internal Medicine, Malatya Turgut Özal University Faculty of Medicine, Malatya, Turkey.
| | | | - Mehmet Gul
- Department of Histology and Embryology, İnönü University Faculty of Medicine, Malatya, Turkey
| | - Ayten Gunduz
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Malatya Turgut Özal University Faculty of Medicine, Malatya, Turkey
| | - Fatma Ozyalin
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Malatya Turgut Özal University Faculty of Medicine, Malatya, Turkey
| | - Feyza İnceoğlu
- Department of Biostatistics, Malatya Turgut Özal University Faculty of Medicine, Malatya, Turkey
| | - Deniz Tikici
- Department of General Surgery, Muğla Training and Research Hospital, Muğla, Turkey
| | - İsmet Yılmaz
- Department of Pharmacology, İnönü University Faculty of Pharmacy, Malatya, Turkey
| | - Basri Satilmis
- Department of Basic Pharmaceutical Sciences, İnönü University Faculty of Pharmacy, Malatya, Turkey
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16
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Hajihashemi P, Haghighatdoost F, Kassaian N, Hoveida L, Tamizifar B, Nili H, Rahim Khorasani M, Adibi P. Bovine Colostrum in Increased Intestinal Permeability in Healthy Athletes and Patients: A Meta-Analysis of Randomized Clinical Trials. Dig Dis Sci 2024; 69:1345-1360. [PMID: 38361147 DOI: 10.1007/s10620-023-08219-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2023] [Accepted: 11/27/2023] [Indexed: 02/17/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Increasing intestinal permeability causes chronic inflammation, which is one of the etiological factors of many diseases that presently constitute global challenges. AIMS Considering the importance of developing therapies to eliminate the increased intestinal permeability, in this systematic review and meta-analysis, we analyze the impact of bovine colostrum (BC) on the gut barrier and its permeability. METHODS Online databases, including PubMed, ISI Web of Science, and Scopus, were searched to find pertinent articles up to March 2022. Weighted mean difference (WMD) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were considered as effect sizes. The random-effects model was used to pool the study results. RESULTS A total of ten articles were included in the meta-analysis. The pooled effect revealed a significant reduction in the 5-h urinary lactulose/rhamnose ratio after BC consumption [mean difference (MD): -0.24; 95% CI -0.43 to -0.04; I2 = 99%] and urinary lactulose/mannitol ratio (MD: -0.01; 95% CI -0.02 to -0.001; I2 = 29.8%). No differences were observed in the plasma intestinal fatty acid-binding protein (I-FABP) between BC and control groups (MD: 2.30; 95% CI -293.9 to 298.5; I2 = 92%). CONCLUSIONS BC supplementation significantly reduced intestinal permeability; however, to confirm the results, more randomized clinical trials considering different quality, dose, and duration are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parisa Hajihashemi
- Isfahan Gastroenterology and Hepatology Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Fahimeh Haghighatdoost
- Isfahan Cardiovascular Research Center, Cardiovascular Research Institute, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Nazila Kassaian
- Nosocomial Infection Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Laleh Hoveida
- Department of Microbiology, Falavarjan Branch, Islamic Azad University, PO Box: 84515/155, Isfahan, Iran.
| | - Babak Tamizifar
- Isfahan Gastroenterology and Hepatology Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Hassan Nili
- Zeitoon Vaccine Innovators Company, Isfahan Town of Science and Technology, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Marzieh Rahim Khorasani
- Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Peyman Adibi
- Isfahan Gastroenterology and Hepatology Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
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17
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Acosta JE, Burns JL, Hillyer LM, Van K, Brendel EBK, Law C, Ma DWL, Monk JM. Effect of Lifelong Exposure to Dietary Plant and Marine Sources of n-3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids on Morphologic and Gene Expression Biomarkers of Intestinal Health in Early Life. Nutrients 2024; 16:719. [PMID: 38474847 DOI: 10.3390/nu16050719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2024] [Revised: 02/26/2024] [Accepted: 02/27/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Altered intestinal health is also associated with the incidence and severity of many chronic inflammatory conditions, which could be attenuated via dietary n-3 PUFA interventions. However, little is known about the effect of lifelong exposure to n-3 PUFA from plant and marine sources (beginning in utero via the maternal diet) on early life biomarkers of intestinal health. Harems of C57Bl/6 mice were randomly assigned to one of three isocaloric AIN-93G modified diets differing in their fat sources consisting of the following: (i) 10% safflower oil (SO, enriched in n-6 PUFA), (ii) 3% flaxseed oil + 7% safflower oil (FX, plant-based n-3 PUFA-enriched diet), or (iii) 3% menhaden fish oil + 7% safflower oil (MO, marine-based n-3 PUFA-enriched diet). Mothers remained on these diets throughout pregnancy and offspring (n = 14/diet) continued on the same parental diet until termination at 3 weeks of age. In ileum, villi:crypt length ratios were increased in both the FX and MO dietary groups compared to SO (p < 0.05). Ileum mRNA expression of critical intestinal health biomarkers was increased by both n-3 PUFA-enriched diets including Relmβ and REG3γ compared to SO (p < 0.05), whereas only the FX diet increased mRNA expression of TFF3 and Muc2 (p < 0.05) and only the MO diet increased mRNA expression of ZO-1 (p < 0.05). In the proximal colon, both the FX and MO diets increased crypt lengths compared to SO (p < 0.05), whereas only the MO diet increased goblet cell numbers compared to SO (p < 0.05). Further, the MO diet increased proximal colon mRNA expression of Relmβ and REG3γ (p < 0.05) and both MO and FX increased mRNA expression of Muc2 compared to SO (p < 0.05). Collectively, these results demonstrate that lifelong exposure to dietary n-3 PUFA, beginning in utero, from both plant and marine sources, can support intestinal health development in early life. The differential effects between plant and marine sources warrants further investigation for optimizing health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julianna E Acosta
- Department of Human Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - Jessie L Burns
- Department of Health Sciences, Carleton University, Ottawa, ON K1S 5B6, Canada
| | - Lyn M Hillyer
- Department of Human Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - Kelsey Van
- Department of Human Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - Elaina B K Brendel
- Department of Human Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - Camille Law
- Department of Human Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - David W L Ma
- Department of Human Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - Jennifer M Monk
- Department of Human Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada
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18
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Acciarino A, Diwakarla S, Handreck J, Bergola C, Sahakian L, McQuade RM. The role of the gastrointestinal barrier in obesity-associated systemic inflammation. Obes Rev 2024; 25:e13673. [PMID: 38111141 DOI: 10.1111/obr.13673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2023] [Revised: 10/05/2023] [Accepted: 10/27/2023] [Indexed: 12/20/2023]
Abstract
Systemic inflammation is a key contributor to the onset and progression of several obesity-associated diseases and is thought to predominantly arise from the hyperplasia and hypertrophy of white adipose tissue. However, a growing body of works suggests that early changes in the gastrointestinal (GI) barrier may contribute to both local, within the GI lining, and systemic inflammation in obesity. Intestinal barrier dysfunction is well-characterized in inflammatory GI disorders such as inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) and irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) and is known to contribute to systemic inflammation. Thus, drawing parallels between GI disorders, where intestinal permeability and systemic inflammation are prominent features, and obesity-induced GI manifestations may provide insights into the potential role of the intestinal barrier in systemic inflammation in obesity. This review summarizes the current literature surrounding intestinal barrier dysfunction in obesity and explores the potential role of intestinal hyperpermeability and intestinal barrier dysfunction in the development of systemic inflammation and GI dysfunction in obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adriana Acciarino
- Gut Barrier and Disease Laboratory, Department of Anatomy and Physiology, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Medicine, Western Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Shanti Diwakarla
- Gut Barrier and Disease Laboratory, Department of Anatomy and Physiology, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Medicine, Western Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Jessica Handreck
- Gut Barrier and Disease Laboratory, Department of Anatomy and Physiology, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Medicine, Western Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Cedrick Bergola
- Gut Barrier and Disease Laboratory, Department of Anatomy and Physiology, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Lauren Sahakian
- Gut Barrier and Disease Laboratory, Department of Anatomy and Physiology, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Rachel M McQuade
- Gut Barrier and Disease Laboratory, Department of Anatomy and Physiology, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Medicine, Western Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Australian Institute for Musculoskeletal Science (AIMSS), Melbourne University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
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19
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Chen B, Patel S, Bao L, Nadeem D, Krittanawong C. Pro-Inflammatory Food, Gut Microbiota, and Cardiovascular and Pancreatic Diseases. Biomolecules 2024; 14:210. [PMID: 38397447 PMCID: PMC10886602 DOI: 10.3390/biom14020210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2024] [Revised: 01/25/2024] [Accepted: 02/08/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Recent studies have shown that a pro-inflammatory diet and dysbiosis, especially a high level of trimethylamine-N-oxide (TMAO), are associated with various adverse health conditions. Cardiovascular diseases and pancreatic diseases are two major morbidities in the modern world. Through this narrative review, we aimed to summarize the association between a pro-inflammatory diet, gut microbiota, and cardiovascular and pancreatic diseases, along with their underlying mechanisms. Our review revealed that TMAO is associated with the development of cardiovascular diseases by promoting platelet aggregation, atherosclerotic plaque formation, and vascular inflammation. TMAO is also associated with the development of acute pancreatitis. The pro-inflammatory diet is associated with an increased risk of pancreatic cancer and cardiovascular diseases through mechanisms that include increasing TMAO levels, activating the lipopolysaccharides cascade, and the direct pro-inflammatory effect of certain nutrients. Meanwhile, an anti-inflammatory diet decreases the risk of cardiovascular diseases and pancreatic cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bing Chen
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Geisinger Medical Center, Danville, PA 17822, USA
| | - Shriraj Patel
- Department of Medicine, Geisinger Medical Center, Danville, PA 17822, USA
| | - Lingyu Bao
- Section on Molecular Morphogenesis, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20817, USA
| | - Danial Nadeem
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Geisinger Medical Center, Danville, PA 17822, USA
| | - Chayakrit Krittanawong
- Cardiology Division, NYU School of Medicine and NYU Langone Health, New York, NY 10016, USA
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20
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Georgopoulou GA, Papasotiriou M, Bosgana P, de Lastic AL, Koufou EE, Papachristou E, Goumenos DS, Davlouros P, Kourea E, Zolota V, Thomopoulos K, Mouzaki A, Assimakopoulos SF. Altered Expression of Intestinal Tight Junctions in Patients with Chronic Kidney Disease: A Pathogenetic Mechanism of Intestinal Hyperpermeability. Biomedicines 2024; 12:368. [PMID: 38397970 PMCID: PMC10887073 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines12020368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2024] [Revised: 01/30/2024] [Accepted: 02/01/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Systemic inflammation in chronic kidney disease (CKD) is associated (as a cause or effect) with intestinal barrier dysfunction and increased gut permeability, with mechanisms not yet fully understood. This study investigated different parameters of the intestinal barrier in CKD patients, especially tight junction (TJ) proteins and their possible association with systemic endotoxemia and inflammation. METHODS Thirty-three patients with stage I-IV CKD (n = 17) or end-stage kidney disease (ESKD) (n = 16) and 11 healthy controls underwent duodenal biopsy. Samples were examined histologically, the presence of CD3+ T-lymphocytes and the expression of occludin and claudin-1 in the intestinal epithelium was evaluated by means of immunohistochemistry, circulating endotoxin concentrations were determined by means of ELISA and the concentrations of the cytokines IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10 and TNF-α in serum were measured using flow cytometry. RESULTS Patients with stage I-IV CKD or ESKD had significantly higher serum endotoxin, IL-6, IL-8 and IL-10 levels compared to controls. Intestinal occludin and claudin-1 were significantly decreased, and their expression was inversely correlated with systemic endotoxemia. Regarding occludin, a specific expression pattern was observed, with a gradually increasing loss of its expression from the crypt to the tip of the villi. CONCLUSION The expression of occludin and claudin-1 in enterocytes is significantly reduced in patients with CKD, contributing to systemic endotoxemia and inflammatory responses in these patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Georgia-Andriana Georgopoulou
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Medical School, University of Patras, 26504 Patras, Greece; (G.-A.G.); (M.P.); (E.P.); (D.S.G.)
| | - Marios Papasotiriou
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Medical School, University of Patras, 26504 Patras, Greece; (G.-A.G.); (M.P.); (E.P.); (D.S.G.)
| | - Pinelopi Bosgana
- Department of Pathology, Medical School, University of Patras, 26504 Patras, Greece; (P.B.); (E.K.); (V.Z.)
| | - Anne-Lise de Lastic
- Laboratory of Immunohematology, Division of Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, Medical School, University of Patras, 26504 Patras, Greece; (A.-L.d.L.); (A.M.)
| | - Eleni-Evangelia Koufou
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Medical School, University of Patras, 26504 Patras, Greece; (E.-E.K.); (P.D.)
| | - Evangelos Papachristou
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Medical School, University of Patras, 26504 Patras, Greece; (G.-A.G.); (M.P.); (E.P.); (D.S.G.)
| | - Dimitrios S. Goumenos
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Medical School, University of Patras, 26504 Patras, Greece; (G.-A.G.); (M.P.); (E.P.); (D.S.G.)
| | - Periklis Davlouros
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Medical School, University of Patras, 26504 Patras, Greece; (E.-E.K.); (P.D.)
| | - Eleni Kourea
- Department of Pathology, Medical School, University of Patras, 26504 Patras, Greece; (P.B.); (E.K.); (V.Z.)
| | - Vasiliki Zolota
- Department of Pathology, Medical School, University of Patras, 26504 Patras, Greece; (P.B.); (E.K.); (V.Z.)
| | - Konstantinos Thomopoulos
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Medical School, University of Patras, 26504 Patras, Greece;
| | - Athanasia Mouzaki
- Laboratory of Immunohematology, Division of Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, Medical School, University of Patras, 26504 Patras, Greece; (A.-L.d.L.); (A.M.)
| | - Stelios F. Assimakopoulos
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Medical School, University of Patras, 26504 Patras, Greece
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21
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Jeong H, Park YS, Yoon SS. A2 milk consumption and its health benefits: an update. Food Sci Biotechnol 2024; 33:491-503. [PMID: 38274187 PMCID: PMC10806982 DOI: 10.1007/s10068-023-01428-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2023] [Revised: 08/26/2023] [Accepted: 08/30/2023] [Indexed: 01/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Milk is a widely consumed nutrient-rich food containing protein variants such as casein A2 and A1. A1 differs from A2 in an amino acid at position 67 (Pro67 to His67). The breakdown of β-casein yields β-casomorphins (BCM), among which BCM-7 is extensively studied for its effects on the human body. Animal studies have shown that A1 β-casein milk increases digestive transit time and enhances myeloperoxidase activity. Individuals with lactose intolerance prefer A2 milk to conventional A1 milk, as BCM-7 in A1 milk can lead to inflammation and discomfort in sensitive individuals. A2 milk, which contains A2 β-casein, is believed to be more easily digestible than A1 β-casein. Its popularity has grown owing to reports linking A1 casein to diseases such as type 1 diabetes, heart disease, and autism. A2 milk has gained popularity as an alternative to A1 milk, primarily because of its potential benefits for individuals with certain diseases. This review aims to provide an updated understanding of A2 milk consumption and its health benefits. This review aims to provide an updated understanding of A2 milk consumption and its health benefits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huijin Jeong
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Gachon University, Seongnam, 13120 Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Seo Park
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Gachon University, Seongnam, 13120 Republic of Korea
| | - Sung-Sik Yoon
- Division of Biological Science and Technology, Yonsei University, Wonju, 26493 Republic of Korea
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22
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Koufou EE, Assimakopoulos SF, Bosgana P, de Lastic AL, Grypari IM, Georgopoulou GA, Antonopoulou S, Mouzaki A, Kourea HP, Thomopoulos K, Davlouros P. Altered Expression of Intestinal Tight Junction Proteins in Heart Failure Patients with Reduced or Preserved Ejection Fraction: A Pathogenetic Mechanism of Intestinal Hyperpermeability. Biomedicines 2024; 12:160. [PMID: 38255265 PMCID: PMC10813326 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines12010160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2023] [Revised: 01/07/2024] [Accepted: 01/09/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Although intestinal microbiota alterations (dysbiosis) have been described in heart failure (HF) patients, the possible mechanisms of intestinal barrier dysfunction leading to endotoxemia and systemic inflammation are not fully understood. In this study, we investigated the expression of the intestinal tight junction (TJ) proteins occludin and claudin-1 in patients with HF with reduced (HFrEF) or preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) and their possible association with systemic endotoxemia and inflammation. Ten healthy controls and twenty-eight patients with HF (HFrEF (n = 14), HFpEF (n = 14)) underwent duodenal biopsy. Histological parameters were recorded, intraepithelial CD3+ T-cells and the expression of occludin and claudin-1 in enterocytes were examined using immunohistochemistry, circulating endotoxin concentrations were determined using ELISA, and concentrations of cytokines were determined using flow cytometry. Patients with HFrEF or HFpEF had significantly higher serum endotoxin concentrations (p < 0.001), a significantly decreased intestinal occludin and claudin-1 expression (in HfrEF p < 0.01 for occludin, p < 0.05 for claudin-1, in HfpEF p < 0.01 occludin and claudin-1), and significantly increased serum concentrations of IL-6, IL-8, and IL-10 (for IL-6 and IL-10, p < 0.05 for HFrEF and p < 0.001 for HFpEF; and for IL-8, p < 0.05 for both groups) compared to controls. Occludin and claudin-1 expression inversely correlated with systemic endotoxemia (p < 0.05 and p < 0.01, respectively). Heart failure, regardless of the type of ejection fraction, results in a significant decrease in enterocytic occludin and claudin-1 expression, which may represent an important cellular mechanism for the intestinal barrier dysfunction causing systemic endotoxemia and inflammatory response.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Stelios F. Assimakopoulos
- Department of Internal Medicine and Division of Infectious Diseases, University of Patras Medical School, 26504 Patras, Greece;
| | - Pinelopi Bosgana
- Department of Pathology, Medical School of Patras, 26504 Patras, Greece; (P.B.); (H.P.K.)
| | - Anne-Lise de Lastic
- Laboratory of Immunohematology, Division of Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, Medical School, University of Patras, 26504 Patras, Greece; (A.-L.d.L.); (A.M.)
| | - Ioanna-Maria Grypari
- Cytology Department, Aretaieion University Hospital, National Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11528 Athens, Greece;
| | | | | | - Athanasia Mouzaki
- Laboratory of Immunohematology, Division of Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, Medical School, University of Patras, 26504 Patras, Greece; (A.-L.d.L.); (A.M.)
| | - Helen P. Kourea
- Department of Pathology, Medical School of Patras, 26504 Patras, Greece; (P.B.); (H.P.K.)
| | - Konstantinos Thomopoulos
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Medical School, University of Patras, University Hospital of Patras, 26504 Patras, Greece;
| | - Periklis Davlouros
- Department of Cardiology, Patras University Hospital, 26504 Patras, Greece;
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23
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Yoon KN, Lee SJ, Keum GB, Song KY, Park JH, Song BS, Yu SY, Cho JH, Kim ES, Doo H, Kwak J, Kim S, Eun JB, Lee JH, Kim HB, Lee JH, Kim JK. Characteristics of Lactococcus petauri GB97 lysate isolated from porcine feces and its in vitro and in vivo effects on inflammation, intestinal barrier function, and gut microbiota composition in mice. Microbiol Spectr 2024; 12:e0133423. [PMID: 38019021 PMCID: PMC10782967 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.01334-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2023] [Accepted: 10/06/2023] [Indexed: 11/30/2023] Open
Abstract
IMPORTANCE Weaning is a crucial step in piglet management to improve pork production. During the weaning phase, disruption of epithelial barrier function and intestinal inflammation can lead to decreased absorption of nutrients and diarrhea. Therefore, maintaining a healthy intestine, epithelial barrier function, and gut microbiota composition in this crucial phase is strategic for optimal weaning in pigs. We isolated a lysate of Lactococcus petauri GB97 (LPL97) from healthy porcine feces and evaluated its anti-inflammatory activities, barrier integrity, and gut microbial changes in LPS-induced murine macrophages and DSS-induced colitis mice. We found that LPL97 regulated the immune response by downregulating the TLR4/NF-κB/MAPK signaling pathway both in vitro and in vivo. Furthermore, LPL97 alleviated the disruption of intestinal epithelial integrity and gut microbiota dysbiosis in colitis mice. This study indicates that LPL97 has the potential to be developed as an alternative feed additive to antibiotics for the swine industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ki-Nam Yoon
- Advanced Radiation Technology Institute, Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute, Jeongeup-si, South Korea
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Graduate School of Chonnam National University, Gwangju, South Korea
| | - Soo-Jeong Lee
- Department of Food and Animal Biotechnology, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
- Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
- Center for Food and Bioconvergence, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Gi Beom Keum
- Department of Animal Resources Science, Dankook University, Cheonan, South Korea
| | - Ki-Young Song
- Advanced Radiation Technology Institute, Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute, Jeongeup-si, South Korea
| | - Jong-Heum Park
- Advanced Radiation Technology Institute, Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute, Jeongeup-si, South Korea
| | - Beom-Seok Song
- Advanced Radiation Technology Institute, Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute, Jeongeup-si, South Korea
| | - Seung Yeob Yu
- Korean Collection for Type Cultures, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Jeongeup-si, South Korea
| | - Jae Hyoung Cho
- Department of Animal Resources Science, Dankook University, Cheonan, South Korea
| | - Eun Sol Kim
- Department of Animal Resources Science, Dankook University, Cheonan, South Korea
| | - Hyunok Doo
- Department of Animal Resources Science, Dankook University, Cheonan, South Korea
| | - Jinok Kwak
- Department of Animal Resources Science, Dankook University, Cheonan, South Korea
| | - Sheena Kim
- Department of Animal Resources Science, Dankook University, Cheonan, South Korea
| | - Jong-Bang Eun
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Graduate School of Chonnam National University, Gwangju, South Korea
| | - Ju Huck Lee
- Korean Collection for Type Cultures, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Jeongeup-si, South Korea
| | - Hyeun Bum Kim
- Department of Animal Resources Science, Dankook University, Cheonan, South Korea
| | - Ju-Hoon Lee
- Department of Food and Animal Biotechnology, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
- Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
- Center for Food and Bioconvergence, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jae-Kyung Kim
- Advanced Radiation Technology Institute, Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute, Jeongeup-si, South Korea
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24
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Kobayashi K, Mochizuki J, Yamazaki F, Sashihara T. Yogurt starter strains ameliorate intestinal barrier dysfunction via activating AMPK in Caco-2 cells. Tissue Barriers 2024; 12:2184157. [PMID: 36852963 PMCID: PMC10832913 DOI: 10.1080/21688370.2023.2184157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2022] [Accepted: 02/19/2023] [Indexed: 03/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Lactic acid bacteria (LAB) are commonly used probiotics that improve human health in various aspects. We previously reported that yogurt starter strains, Lactobacillus delbrueckii subsp. bulgaricus 2038 and Streptococcus thermophilus 1131, potentially enhance the intestinal epithelial barrier function by inducing the expression of antimicrobial peptides in the small intestine. However, their effects on physical barrier functions remain unknown. In this study, we found that both strains ameliorated the decreased trans-epithelial resistance and the increased permeability of fluorescein isothiocyanate-dextran induced by tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α and interferon (IFN)-γ in Caco-2 cells. We also demonstrated that LAB prevented a decrease in the expression and disassembly of tight junctions (TJs) induced by TNF-α and IFN-γ. To assess the repair activity of TJs, a calcium switch assay was performed. Both strains were found to promote the reassembly of TJs, and their activity was canceled by the inhibitor of AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK). Moreover, these strains showed increased AMPK phosphorylation. These observations suggest that the strains ameliorated physical barrier dysfunction via the activation of AMPK. The activities preventing barrier destruction induced by TNF-α and IFN-γ were strain-dependent. Several strains containing L. bulgaricus 2038 and S. thermophilus 1131 significantly suppressed the barrier impairment, and L. bulgaricus 2038 showed the strongest activity among them. Our findings suggest that the intake of L. bulgaricus 2038 and S. thermophilus 1131 is a potential strategy for the prevention and repair of leaky gut.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyosuke Kobayashi
- Food Microbiology and Function Research Laboratories, R&D Division, Meiji Co., Ltd, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Junko Mochizuki
- Food Microbiology and Function Research Laboratories, R&D Division, Meiji Co., Ltd, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Fuka Yamazaki
- Food Microbiology and Function Research Laboratories, R&D Division, Meiji Co., Ltd, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Toshihiro Sashihara
- Food Microbiology and Function Research Laboratories, R&D Division, Meiji Co., Ltd, Tokyo, Japan
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25
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Judkins TC, Solch-Ottaiano RJ, Ceretto-Clark B, Nieves C, Colee J, Wang Y, Tompkins TA, Caballero-Calero SE, Langkamp-Henken B. The effect of an acute aspirin challenge on intestinal permeability in healthy adults with and without prophylactic probiotic consumption: a double-blind, placebo-controlled, randomized trial. BMC Gastroenterol 2024; 24:4. [PMID: 38166769 PMCID: PMC10759586 DOI: 10.1186/s12876-023-03102-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2023] [Accepted: 12/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Healthy individuals may experience increases in intestinal permeability after chronic or acute use of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, which may be attenuated by probiotics. This study investigates the effects of an acute aspirin challenge on gastroduodenal barrier function with or without prophylactic probiotic consumption. METHODS Twenty-nine generally healthy participants (26 ± 6 years) completed a 14-week randomized, double-blind, crossover trial. A probiotic containing 2 Lactobacilli strains or placebo was administered for 3 weeks, with a 4-week washout period between crossover phases. Daily and weekly questionnaires assessing gastrointestinal function were completed for 2 weeks before until 2 weeks after each intervention to assess gastrointestinal function. Gastroduodenal permeability was assessed by urinary excretion of orally administered sucrose after 1, 2, and 3 weeks of each intervention with a 1950 mg-aspirin challenge after 2 weeks of supplementation. Stool samples were collected weekly during supplementation for detection of species of interest. RESULTS Gastroduodenal permeability increased with aspirin challenge (Week 1: 3.4 ± 0.6 μmol vs Week 2: 9.9 ± 1.0 μmol urinary sucrose; p < 0.05). There were no differences in the change in permeability after the aspirin challenge or gastrointestinal function between interventions. CONCLUSION The acute aspirin challenge significantly increased intestinal permeability similarly in both groups, and prophylactic probiotic consumption was unable to prevent the loss in this particular model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taylor C Judkins
- Food Science and Human Nutrition Department, University of Florida, 572 Newell Dr, Gainesville, FL, 32611, USA
| | - Rebecca J Solch-Ottaiano
- Food Science and Human Nutrition Department, University of Florida, 572 Newell Dr, Gainesville, FL, 32611, USA
| | - Brendan Ceretto-Clark
- Food Science and Human Nutrition Department, University of Florida, 572 Newell Dr, Gainesville, FL, 32611, USA
| | - Carmelo Nieves
- Food Science and Human Nutrition Department, University of Florida, 572 Newell Dr, Gainesville, FL, 32611, USA
| | - James Colee
- IFAS Statistical Consulting Unit, University of Florida, PO Box 110500, Gainesville, FL, 32611-0500, USA
| | - Yu Wang
- Food Science and Human Nutrition Department, University of Florida, 572 Newell Dr, Gainesville, FL, 32611, USA
- Citrus Research and Education Center, Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences, University of Florida, Lake Alfred, FL, 33850, USA
| | - Thomas A Tompkins
- Lallemand Bio-Ingredients, 1620 Rue Prefontaine, Montreal, QC, H1N 2W8, Canada
| | | | - Bobbi Langkamp-Henken
- Food Science and Human Nutrition Department, University of Florida, 572 Newell Dr, Gainesville, FL, 32611, USA.
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26
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Yamaguchi M, Obayashi T, Kobayashi N, Izumi N, Nagai M, Nobata H, Asai A, Kamiya K, Sugiyama H, Kinashi H, Banno S, Ando M, Imaizumi T, Kubo Y, Katsuno T, Ishimoto T, Ito Y. Association between reduced left ventricular ejection fraction and peritoneal dialysis related peritonitis: a single center retrospective cohort study in Japan. Sci Rep 2023; 13:22697. [PMID: 38123633 PMCID: PMC10733284 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-49744-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2023] [Accepted: 12/11/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023] Open
Abstract
We present a single-center retrospective analysis of 228 Japanese patients with peritoneal dialysis, in which we examined whether reduced left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) is a risk factor for peritonitis development. Time-dependent multivariable-adjusted Cox proportional hazards models revealed that reduced LVEF (LVEF < 50% vs. preserved LVEF ≥ 50%, hazard ratio (HR) 2.10; 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.16-3.82) was associated with peritonitis. Qualitatively, similar associations with reduced LVEF (< 50%) were observed for enteric peritonitis (adjusted HR 7.68; 95% CI 2.51-23.5) but not for non-enteric peritonitis (adjusted HR 1.15; 95% CI 0.54-2.44). Reduced LVEF is associated with a significantly higher risk of subsequent peritonitis, particularly enteric peritonitis. These results indicate that patients with reduced LVEF may be at risk of enteric peritonitis from bowel sources caused by intestinal involvement due to cardiac dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Makoto Yamaguchi
- Department of Nephrology and Rheumatology, Aichi Medical University, Nagakute, Japan
| | - Takaaki Obayashi
- Department of Nephrology, Narita Memorial Hospital, Toyohashi, Japan
| | - Naoto Kobayashi
- Department of Nephrology, Narita Memorial Hospital, Toyohashi, Japan
| | - Naoki Izumi
- Department of Nephrology, Narita Memorial Hospital, Toyohashi, Japan
| | - Masaaki Nagai
- Department of Nephrology, Narita Memorial Hospital, Toyohashi, Japan
| | - Hironobu Nobata
- Department of Nephrology and Rheumatology, Aichi Medical University, Nagakute, Japan
| | - Akimasa Asai
- Department of Nephrology and Rheumatology, Aichi Medical University, Nagakute, Japan
| | - Keisuke Kamiya
- Department of Nephrology and Rheumatology, Aichi Medical University, Nagakute, Japan
| | - Hirokazu Sugiyama
- Department of Nephrology and Rheumatology, Aichi Medical University, Nagakute, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Kinashi
- Department of Nephrology and Rheumatology, Aichi Medical University, Nagakute, Japan
| | - Shogo Banno
- Department of Nephrology and Rheumatology, Aichi Medical University, Nagakute, Japan
| | - Masahiko Ando
- Data Coordinating Center, Department of Advanced Medicine, Nagoya University Hospital, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Takahiro Imaizumi
- Data Coordinating Center, Department of Advanced Medicine, Nagoya University Hospital, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Yoko Kubo
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Takayuki Katsuno
- Department of Nephrology and Rheumatology, Aichi Medical University Medical Center, Okazaki, Aichi, Japan
| | - Takuji Ishimoto
- Department of Nephrology and Rheumatology, Aichi Medical University, Nagakute, Japan
| | - Yasuhiko Ito
- Department of Nephrology and Rheumatology, Aichi Medical University, Nagakute, Japan.
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Zhong X, Qiang Y, Wang L, Zhang Y, Li J, Feng J, Cheng W, Tan L, Yu J. Peripheral immunity and risk of incident brain disorders: a prospective cohort study of 161,968 participants. Transl Psychiatry 2023; 13:382. [PMID: 38071240 PMCID: PMC10710500 DOI: 10.1038/s41398-023-02683-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2023] [Revised: 11/23/2023] [Accepted: 11/27/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Whether peripheral immunity prospectively influences brain health remains controversial. This study aims to investigate the longitudinal associations between peripheral immunity markers with incident brain disorders. A total of 161,968 eligible participants from the UK Biobank were included. We investigated the linear and non-linear effects of peripheral immunity markers including differential leukocytes counts, their derived ratios and C-reactive protein (CRP) on the risk of dementia, Parkinson's disease (PD), stroke, schizophrenia, bipolar affective disorder (BPAD), major depressive disorder (MDD) and anxiety, using Cox proportional hazard models and restricted cubic spline models. Linear regression models were used to explore potential mechanisms driven by brain structures. During a median follow-up of 9.66 years, 16,241 participants developed brain disorders. Individuals with elevated innate immunity markers including neutrophils, monocytes, platelets, neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR), and systemic immune-inflammation index (SII) had an increased risk of brain disorders. Among these markers, neutrophils exhibited the most significant correlation with risk of dementia (hazard ratio 1.08, 95% confidence interval 1.04-1.12), stroke (HR 1.06, 95% CI 1.03-1.09), MDD (HR 1.13, 95% CI 1.10-1.16) and anxiety (HR 1.07, 95% CI 1.04-1.10). Subgroup analysis revealed age-specific and sex-specific associations between innate immunity markers with risk of dementia and MDD. Neuroimaging analysis highlighted the associations between peripheral immunity markers and alterations in multiple cortical, subcortical regions and white matter tracts, typically implicated in dementia and psychiatric disorders. These findings support the hypothesis that neuroinflammation is important to the etiology of various brain disorders, offering new insights into their potential therapeutic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoling Zhong
- Department of Neurology, Qingdao Municipal Hospital, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Qingdao Central Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao Cancer Hospital, Qingdao, China
| | - Yixuan Qiang
- Department of Neurology and Institute of Neurology, Huashan Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, National Center for Neurological diseases, Shanghai, China
| | - Ling Wang
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Qingdao Central Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao Cancer Hospital, Qingdao, China
| | - Yaru Zhang
- Department of Neurology and Institute of Neurology, Huashan Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, National Center for Neurological diseases, Shanghai, China
| | - Jieqiong Li
- Department of Neurology, the Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Jianfeng Feng
- The Institute of Science and Technology for Brain-Inspired Intelligence, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Wei Cheng
- The Institute of Science and Technology for Brain-Inspired Intelligence, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Lan Tan
- Department of Neurology, Qingdao Municipal Hospital, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China.
| | - Jintai Yu
- Department of Neurology and Institute of Neurology, Huashan Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, National Center for Neurological diseases, Shanghai, China.
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Atilano ML, Hull A, Romila CA, Adams ML, Wildfire J, Ureña E, Dyson M, Ivan-Castillo-Quan J, Partridge L, Kinghorn KJ. Autophagic dysfunction and gut microbiota dysbiosis cause chronic immune activation in a Drosophila model of Gaucher disease. PLoS Genet 2023; 19:e1011063. [PMID: 38127816 PMCID: PMC10734978 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1011063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2023] [Accepted: 11/13/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Mutations in the GBA1 gene cause the lysosomal storage disorder Gaucher disease (GD) and are the greatest known genetic risk factors for Parkinson's disease (PD). Communication between the gut and brain and immune dysregulation are increasingly being implicated in neurodegenerative disorders such as PD. Here, we show that flies lacking the Gba1b gene, the main fly orthologue of GBA1, display widespread NF-kB signalling activation, including gut inflammation, and brain glial activation. We also demonstrate intestinal autophagic defects, gut dysfunction, and microbiome dysbiosis. Remarkably, modulating the microbiome of Gba1b knockout flies, by raising them under germ-free conditions, partially ameliorates lifespan, locomotor and immune phenotypes. Moreover, we show that modulation of the immune deficiency (IMD) pathway is detrimental to the survival of Gba1 deficient flies. We also reveal that direct stimulation of autophagy by rapamycin treatment achieves similar benefits to germ-free conditions independent of gut bacterial load. Consistent with this, we show that pharmacologically blocking autophagosomal-lysosomal fusion, mimicking the autophagy defects of Gba1 depleted cells, is sufficient to stimulate intestinal immune activation. Overall, our data elucidate a mechanism whereby an altered microbiome, coupled with defects in autophagy, drive chronic activation of NF-kB signaling in a Gba1 loss-of-function model. It also highlights that elimination of the microbiota or stimulation of autophagy to remove immune mediators, rather than prolonged immunosuppression, may represent effective therapeutic avenues for GBA1-associated disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magda L. Atilano
- UCL Institute of Healthy Ageing, Department of Genetics, Evolution and Environment, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Alexander Hull
- UCL Institute of Healthy Ageing, Department of Genetics, Evolution and Environment, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Catalina-Andreea Romila
- UCL Institute of Healthy Ageing, Department of Genetics, Evolution and Environment, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Mirjam L. Adams
- UCL Institute of Healthy Ageing, Department of Genetics, Evolution and Environment, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Jacob Wildfire
- UCL Institute of Healthy Ageing, Department of Genetics, Evolution and Environment, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Enric Ureña
- UCL Institute of Healthy Ageing, Department of Genetics, Evolution and Environment, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Miranda Dyson
- UCL Institute of Healthy Ageing, Department of Genetics, Evolution and Environment, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Jorge Ivan-Castillo-Quan
- Section on Islet Cell & Regenerative Biology, Joslin Diabetes Center and Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, United States of America
| | - Linda Partridge
- UCL Institute of Healthy Ageing, Department of Genetics, Evolution and Environment, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Kerri J. Kinghorn
- UCL Institute of Healthy Ageing, Department of Genetics, Evolution and Environment, University College London, London, United Kingdom
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Donath S, Seidler AE, Mundin K, Wenzel J, Scholz J, Gentemann L, Kalies J, Faix J, Ngezahayo A, Bleich A, Heisterkamp A, Buettner M, Kalies S. Epithelial restitution in 3D - Revealing biomechanical and physiochemical dynamics in intestinal organoids via fs laser nanosurgery. iScience 2023; 26:108139. [PMID: 37867948 PMCID: PMC10585398 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2023.108139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2023] [Revised: 08/29/2023] [Accepted: 10/02/2023] [Indexed: 10/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Intestinal organoids represent a three-dimensional cell culture system mimicking the mammalian intestine. The application of single-cell ablation for defined wounding via a femtosecond laser system within the crypt base allowed us to study cell dynamics during epithelial restitution. Neighboring cells formed a contractile actin ring encircling the damaged cell, changed the cellular aspect ratio, and immediately closed the barrier. Using traction force microscopy, we observed major forces at the ablation site and additional forces on the crypt sides. Inhibitors of the actomyosin-based mobility of the cells led to the failure of restoring the barrier. Close to the ablation site, high-frequency calcium flickering and propagation of calcium waves occured that synchronized with the contraction of the epithelial layer. We observed an increased signal and nuclear translocation of YAP-1. In conclusion, our approach enabled, for the first time, to unveil the intricacies of epithelial restitution beyond in vivo models by employing precise laser-induced damage in colonoids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sören Donath
- Institute of Quantum Optics, Leibniz University Hannover, 30167 Hannover, Germany
- Lower Saxony Center for Biomedical Engineering, Implant Research and Development (NIFE), 30625 Hannover, Germany
| | - Anna Elisabeth Seidler
- Institute of Quantum Optics, Leibniz University Hannover, 30167 Hannover, Germany
- Lower Saxony Center for Biomedical Engineering, Implant Research and Development (NIFE), 30625 Hannover, Germany
| | - Karlina Mundin
- Institute of Quantum Optics, Leibniz University Hannover, 30167 Hannover, Germany
- Lower Saxony Center for Biomedical Engineering, Implant Research and Development (NIFE), 30625 Hannover, Germany
| | - Johannes Wenzel
- Institute of Quantum Optics, Leibniz University Hannover, 30167 Hannover, Germany
- Lower Saxony Center for Biomedical Engineering, Implant Research and Development (NIFE), 30625 Hannover, Germany
| | - Jonas Scholz
- Institute for Biophysical Chemistry, Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany
| | - Lara Gentemann
- Institute of Quantum Optics, Leibniz University Hannover, 30167 Hannover, Germany
- Lower Saxony Center for Biomedical Engineering, Implant Research and Development (NIFE), 30625 Hannover, Germany
- REBIRTH Research Center for Translational Regenerative Medicine, 30625 Hannover, Germany
| | - Julia Kalies
- Institute of Quantum Optics, Leibniz University Hannover, 30167 Hannover, Germany
- Lower Saxony Center for Biomedical Engineering, Implant Research and Development (NIFE), 30625 Hannover, Germany
| | - Jan Faix
- Institute for Biophysical Chemistry, Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany
| | - Anaclet Ngezahayo
- Institute of Biophysics, Leibniz University Hannover, 30167 Hannover, Germany
| | - André Bleich
- Lower Saxony Center for Biomedical Engineering, Implant Research and Development (NIFE), 30625 Hannover, Germany
- REBIRTH Research Center for Translational Regenerative Medicine, 30625 Hannover, Germany
- Institute for Laboratory Animal Science, Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany
| | - Alexander Heisterkamp
- Institute of Quantum Optics, Leibniz University Hannover, 30167 Hannover, Germany
- Lower Saxony Center for Biomedical Engineering, Implant Research and Development (NIFE), 30625 Hannover, Germany
| | - Manuela Buettner
- Lower Saxony Center for Biomedical Engineering, Implant Research and Development (NIFE), 30625 Hannover, Germany
- REBIRTH Research Center for Translational Regenerative Medicine, 30625 Hannover, Germany
- Institute for Laboratory Animal Science, Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany
| | - Stefan Kalies
- Institute of Quantum Optics, Leibniz University Hannover, 30167 Hannover, Germany
- Lower Saxony Center for Biomedical Engineering, Implant Research and Development (NIFE), 30625 Hannover, Germany
- REBIRTH Research Center for Translational Regenerative Medicine, 30625 Hannover, Germany
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Sipeki N, Kovats PJ, Deutschmann C, Schierack P, Roggenbuck D, Papp M. Location-based prediction model for Crohn's disease regarding a novel serological marker, anti-chitinase 3-like 1 autoantibodies. World J Gastroenterol 2023; 29:5728-5750. [PMID: 38075846 PMCID: PMC10701337 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v29.i42.5728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2023] [Revised: 10/03/2023] [Accepted: 11/02/2023] [Indexed: 11/13/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Defective neutrophil regulation in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is thought to play an important role in the onset or manifestation of IBD, as it could lead to damage of the intestinal mucosal barrier by the infiltration of neutrophils in the inflamed mucosa and the accumulation of pathogens. Like neutrophils in the context of innate immune responses, immunoglobulin A (IgA) as an acquired immune response partakes in the defense of the intestinal epithelium. Under normal conditions, IgA contributes to the elimination of microbes, but in connection with the loss of tolerance to chitinase 3-like 1 (CHI3L1) in IBD, IgA could participate in CHI3L1-mediated improved adhesion and invasion of potentially pathogenic microorganisms. The tolerance brake to CHI3L1 and the occurrence of IgA autoantibodies to this particular target, the exact role and underlying mechanisms of CHI3L1 in the pathogenesis of IBD are still unclear. AIM To determine the predictive potential of Ig subtypes of a novel serological marker, anti-CHI3L1 autoantibodies (aCHI3L1) in determining the disease phenotype, therapeutic strategy and long-term disease course in a prospective referral cohort of adult IBD patients. METHODS Sera of 257 Crohn's disease (CD) and 180 ulcerative colitis (UC) patients from a tertiary IBD referral center of Hungary (Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen) were assayed for IgG, IgA, and secretory IgA (sIgA) type aCHI3L1 by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay using recombinant CHI3L1, along with 86 healthy controls (HCONT). RESULTS The IgA type was more prevalent in CD than in UC (29.2% vs 11.1%) or HCONT (2.83%; P < 0.0001 for both). However, sIgA subtype aCHI3L1 positivity was higher in both CD and UC patients than in HCONT (39.3% and 32.8% vs 4.65%, respectively; P < 0.0001). The presence of both IgA and sIgA aCHI3L1 antibodies was associated with colonic involvement (P < 0.0001 and P = 0.038, respectively) in patients with CD. Complicated disease behavior at sample procurement was associated with aCHI3L1 sIgA positivity (57.1% vs 36.0%, P = 0.009). IgA type aCH3L1 was more prevalent in patients with frequent relapse during the disease course in the CD group (46.9% vs 25.7%, P = 0.005). In a group of patients with concomitant presence of pure inflammatory luminal disease and colon involvement at the time of diagnosis, positivity for IgA or sIgA type aCH3L1 predicted faster progression towards a complicated disease course in time-dependent models. This association disappeared after merging subgroups of different disease locations. CONCLUSION CHI3L1 is a novel neutrophil autoantigenic target in IBD. The consideration of antibody classes along with location-based prediction may transform the future of serology in IBD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nora Sipeki
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen H-4032, Hungary
| | - Patricia Julianna Kovats
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen H-4032, Hungary
- Kálmán Laki Doctoral School, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen H-4032, Hungary
| | - Claudia Deutschmann
- Institute of Biotechnology, Faculty Environment and Natural Sciences, Brandenburg University of Technology Cottbus-Senftenberg, Senftenberg 01968, Germany
| | - Peter Schierack
- Institute of Biotechnology, Faculty Environment and Natural Sciences, Brandenburg University of Technology Cottbus-Senftenberg, Senftenberg 01968, Germany
- Faculty of Health Sciences Brandenburg, Brandenburg University of Technology Cottbus-Senftenberg, Senftenberg 01968, Germany
| | - Dirk Roggenbuck
- Institute of Biotechnology, Faculty Environment and Natural Sciences, Brandenburg University of Technology Cottbus-Senftenberg, Senftenberg 01968, Germany
- Faculty of Health Sciences Brandenburg, Brandenburg University of Technology Cottbus-Senftenberg, Senftenberg 01968, Germany
- Medipan GmbH & GA Generic Assays GmbH, Dahlewitz-Berlin 15827, Germany
| | - Maria Papp
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen H-4032, Hungary
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31
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Frieling T, Gjini B, Melchior I, Euler P, Kreysel C, Kalde S, Krummen B, Kiesslich R, Hemmerlein B. Endoscopic laser endomicroscopy and "leaky gut" in patients with functional gastrointestinal symptoms and food intolerance. ZEITSCHRIFT FUR GASTROENTEROLOGIE 2023; 61:1465-1471. [PMID: 36417920 DOI: 10.1055/a-1959-3200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Intestinal epithelial barrier dysfunction ("leaky gut syndrome", LGS) is thought to play a major role in the pathogenesis of disorders of the gut brain axis. Endoscopic confocal laser endomicroscopy (eCLE) is an objective measure to test duodenal permeability. We applied this technique in patients with functional gastrointestinal symptoms and food intolerance to characterize the proportion of patients with LGS. MATERIAL AND METHODS In an observational study, we evaluated 85 patients with functional gastrointestinal symptoms and food intolerance. Gastrointestinal symptoms were classified according to Rom IV into functional abdominal pain (FAP), irritable bowel syndrome (IBS), irritable bowel syndrome diarrhea dominant (IBS-D), irritable bowel syndrome constipation dominant (IBS-C), irritable bowel syndrome with mixed stool (IBS-M), functional abdominal bloating (FAB), functional diarrhea (FD) and unclassified (NC). During eCLE, spontaneous transfer of intravenously applied fluorescein into duodenal lumen (LGS) and following duodenal food challenge (DFC) were analyzed. Blood analysis comprised parameters of mast cell function, histology of duodenal mucosal biopsies analysis of mucosal inflammation, intraepithelial lymphocytes (IELs) as well as number, distribution and morphology of mast cells. RESULTS 24 patients (9 IBS, 9 FAP, 3 FAB, 1 FD, 2 NC), showed LGS, 50 patients (14 IBS-D, 4 IBS-C, 3 IBS-M, 23 FAP, 3 FAB, 3 NC) had no LGS but responded to DFC and 11 patients (6 NC, 3 FAP, 1 FAB, 1 FD) had no LGS and no response to DFC. The proportion of subgroups with/or without spontaneous leakage of fluorescein (+LGS/-LGS) were IBS-LGS/IBS+LGS 67%/33%, FAP-LGS/FAP+LGS 72%/28%,FAB-LGS/FAB+LGS 50%/50%, NC-LGS/NC+LGS 60%/40%. Subgroup analysis revealed no significant differences for all parameters tested. CONCLUSION As a proof of concept, the results of our study indicate that eCLE is a clinical useful tool to evaluate patients with disorders of the gut brain axis and those suspicious of LGS. However, the clinical significance of LGS remains unclear. The study should be an incentive to perform a randomized study including healthy controls.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Frieling
- Medizinische Klinik II, HELIOS Klinikum Krefeld, Krefeld, Germany
| | - Besmir Gjini
- Medizinische Klinik II, HELIOS Klinikum Krefeld, Krefeld, Germany
| | - Ilka Melchior
- Medizinische Klinik II, HELIOS Klinikum Krefeld, Krefeld, Germany
| | - Philipp Euler
- Medizinische Klinik II, HELIOS Klinikum Krefeld, Krefeld, Germany
| | | | - Sigrid Kalde
- Medizinische Klinik II, HELIOS Klinikum Krefeld, Krefeld, Germany
| | - Britta Krummen
- Medizinische Klinik II, HELIOS Klinikum Krefeld, Krefeld, Germany
| | - Ralf Kiesslich
- Helios Dr. Horst Schmidt Kliniken Wiesbaden GmbH, Wiesbaden, Germany
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Kovaleva A, Poluektova E, Maslennikov R, Karchevskaya A, Shifrin O, Kiryukhin A, Tertychnyy A, Kovalev L, Kovaleva M, Lobanova O, Kudryavtseva A, Krasnov G, Ivashkin V. Intestinal Barrier and Gut Microbiota in Patients with Overlapping Irritable Bowel Syndrome and Functional Dyspepsia. Dig Dis Sci 2023; 68:4166-4174. [PMID: 37752368 DOI: 10.1007/s10620-023-08117-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2023] [Accepted: 09/18/2023] [Indexed: 09/28/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Disturbances in the intestinal barrier and gut dysbiosis have been observed in patients with functional bowel diseases. AIMS To investigate the correlation between biomarkers of intestinal barrier disorders at different layers and the severity of symptoms in patients with overlapping diarrhea-predominant irritable bowel syndrome and functional dyspepsia (IDFO), as well as with gut microbiota taxa. METHODS This study included 45 patients with IDFO and 16 healthy controls. Endoscopy with biopsy of the duodenum and sigmoid colon (SC) was performed to count intraepithelial lymphocytes (IELs) and mucosal eosinophils (subepithelial layer), assess fatty acid binding protein (FABP; epithelial layer) level, and stain for mucin-2 (MUC-2; pre-epithelial layer). Composition of the gut microbiota was evaluated using 16S rRNA gene sequencing. RESULTS Patients with IDFO exhibited an increase in biomarkers of intestinal barrier disorders at all layers studied. IEL count in the duodenum was correlated with the severity of bloating (r = 0.336; p = 0.024) and, in the SC, was correlated with tenesmus severity (r = 0.303; p = 0.042). FABP-1 level in the SC was correlated with the severity of diarrhea (r = 0.577; p = 0.001), and FABP-5 concentration in the SC was correlated with abdominal distension (r = 0.477; p = 0.010). MUC-2 concentration in the duodenum was correlated with the severity of heartburn (r = 0.572; p = 0.025) and burning sensation in the epigastrium (r = 0.518; p = 0.048). All biomarkers of intestinal barrier permeability were correlated with the abundance of some gut microbiota taxa. CONCLUSION Patients with IDFO exhibited disrupted intestinal barrier function in all layers, which was associated with clinical symptom severity and changes in the gut microbiota.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Leonid Kovalev
- A.N. Bach Institute of Biochemistry, Leninsky Prospekt, 33, Bld. 2, Moscow, Russia, 119071
| | - Marina Kovaleva
- A.N. Bach Institute of Biochemistry, Leninsky Prospekt, 33, Bld. 2, Moscow, Russia, 119071
| | | | - Anna Kudryavtseva
- Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Vavilova St., 32, Bld. 1, Moscow, Russia, 119991
| | - George Krasnov
- Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Vavilova St., 32, Bld. 1, Moscow, Russia, 119991
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Loo J, Shah Bana MAF, Tan JK, Goon JA. Effect of dietary restriction on health span in Caenorhabditis elegans: A systematic review. Exp Gerontol 2023; 182:112294. [PMID: 37730186 DOI: 10.1016/j.exger.2023.112294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2023] [Revised: 09/03/2023] [Accepted: 09/17/2023] [Indexed: 09/22/2023]
Abstract
Dietary restriction (DR) interventions have demonstrated their efficacy in extending lifespan; however, the association between lifespan extension and health span remains unclear. This article aims to analyze the relationship between DR-induced lifespan and health span in Caenorhabditis elegans (C. elegans), a widely used animal model in lifespan studies. By examining various parameters such as lipofuscin accumulation (an aging marker) and locomotor and feeding capacities (indicators of muscle degradation rate), we have compiled papers that investigate and report on these DR-induced effects.The majority of the papers reviewed consistently demonstrate that DR improves both lifespan and health span in C. elegans. Worms subjected to DR exhibit slower lipofuscin accumulation compared to those fed ad libitum, indicating a reduction in age-related cellular damage. Additionally, DR-treated worms display a higher locomotion capacity, suggesting a slower rate of muscle degradation. However, it is worth noting that there are some discrepancies among the papers regarding feeding capacity. These contradictions can be attributed to the different methods employed to initiate DR. While many approaches slow muscle degeneration and enhance pumping rates through adaptation to limited food sources, other methods, such as using eat-2 mutant worms or interventions that mimic the effects of eat-2, reduce feeding capacity and consequently restrict food intake. In conclusion, the findings suggest a strong correlation between DR-induced longevity and the extension of health span in C. elegans, as evidenced by improvements in various health span parameters. DR interventions not only extend lifespan but also mitigate age-related markers and preserve locomotor capacity. Although conflicting results are observed regarding feeding capacity, the overall evidence supports the notion that DR promotes healthier aging in this animal model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jazween Loo
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 56000 Cheras, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
| | | | - Jen Kit Tan
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 56000 Cheras, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
| | - Jo Aan Goon
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 56000 Cheras, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
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Liu R, Sun B. Lactic Acid Bacteria and Aging: Unraveling the Interplay for Healthy Longevity. Aging Dis 2023; 15:AD.2023.0926. [PMID: 37962461 PMCID: PMC11272207 DOI: 10.14336/ad.2023.0926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2023] [Accepted: 09/25/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Lactic Acid Bacteria (LAB) are beneficial microorganisms widely utilized in food fermentation processes and as probiotic supplements. They offer multifarious health benefits, including enhancing digestion, strengthening immune mechanisms, and mitigating inflammation. Recent studies suggest that LAB might be instrumental in the anti-aging domain, modulating key molecular pathways involved in the aging continuum, such as IL-13, TNF-α, mTOR, IFN-γ, TGF-β, AMPK, and GABA. The TLR family, particularly TLR2, appears pivotal during the primary cellular interactions with bacteria and their byproducts. Concurrently, the Sirtuin family, predominantly Sirtuin-1, plays diverse roles upon cellular stimuli by bacterial components. The potential anti-aging benefits postulated include restoring gut balance, enhancing antioxidant potential, and fortifying cognitive and mental faculties. However, the current body of evidence is still embryonic and calls for expansive human trials and deeper mechanistic analyses. The safety and optimal consumption metrics for LAB also warrant rigorous evaluation. Future research trajectories should identify specific LAB strains with potent anti-aging properties and unravel the underlying biological pathways. Given the promising implications, LAB strains stand as potential dietary contenders to foster healthy aging and enrich the quality of life among the elderly population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Liu
- School of Food Engineering, Ludong University, Yantai, Shandong 264025, China
| | - Bo Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Digital Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China
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35
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Seethaler B, Lehnert K, Yahiaoui-Doktor M, Basrai M, Vetter W, Kiechle M, Bischoff SC. Omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids improve intestinal barrier integrity-albeit to a lesser degree than short-chain fatty acids: an exploratory analysis of the randomized controlled LIBRE trial. Eur J Nutr 2023; 62:2779-2791. [PMID: 37318580 PMCID: PMC10468946 DOI: 10.1007/s00394-023-03172-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2022] [Accepted: 05/04/2023] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Adherence to the Mediterranean diet is associated with beneficial health effects, including gastrointestinal disorders. Preclinical studies suggest that omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3 PUFAs), found in Mediterranean foods like nuts and fish, improve intestinal barrier integrity. Here, we assessed possible effects of n-3 PUFAs on barrier integrity in a randomized controlled trial. METHODS We studied 68 women from the open-label LIBRE trial (clinicaltrials.gov: NCT02087592) who followed either a Mediterranean diet (intervention group, IG) or a standard diet (control group, CG). Study visits comprised baseline, month 3, and month 12. Barrier integrity was assessed by plasma lipopolysaccharide binding protein (LBP) and fecal zonulin; fatty acids by gas chromatography with mass spectrometry. Median and interquartile ranges are shown. RESULTS Adherence to the Mediterranean diet increased the proportion of the n-3 docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) (IG + 1.5% [0.9;2.5, p < 0.001]/ + 0.3% [- 0.1;0.9, p < 0.050] after 3/12 months; CG + 0.9% [0.5;1.6, p < 0.001]/ ± 0%) and decreased plasma LBP (IG - 0.3 µg/ml [- 0.6;0.1, p < 0.010]/ - 0.3 µg/ml [- 1.1; - 0.1, p < 0.001]; CG - 0.2 µg/ml [- 0.8; - 0.1, p < 0.001]/ ± 0 µg/ml) and fecal zonulin levels (IG - 76 ng/mg [- 164; - 12, p < 0.010]/ - 74 ng/mg [- 197;15, p < 0.001]; CG - 59 ng/mg [- 186;15, p < 0.050]/ + 10 ng/mg [- 117;24, p > 0.050]). Plasma DHA and LBP (R2: 0.14-0.42; all p < 0.070), as well as plasma DHA and fecal zonulin (R2: 0.18-0.48; all p < 0.050) were found to be inversely associated in bi- and multivariate analyses. Further multivariate analyses showed that the effect of DHA on barrier integrity was less pronounced than the effect of fecal short-chain fatty acids on barrier integrity. CONCLUSIONS Our data show that n-3 PUFAs can improve intestinal barrier integrity. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER The trial was registered prospectively at ClinicalTrials.gov (reference: NCT02087592).
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin Seethaler
- Institute of Nutritional Medicine, University of Hohenheim, Fruwirthstr. 12, 70593, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Katja Lehnert
- Institute of Food Chemistry, University of Hohenheim, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Maryam Yahiaoui-Doktor
- Institute for Medical Informatics, Statistics and Epidemiology (IMISE), University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Maryam Basrai
- Institute of Nutritional Medicine, University of Hohenheim, Fruwirthstr. 12, 70593, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Walter Vetter
- Institute of Food Chemistry, University of Hohenheim, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Marion Kiechle
- Department of Gynecology, Center for Hereditary Breast and Ovarian Cancer, Klinikum Rechts der Isar, Technical University Munich and Comprehensive Cancer Center Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Stephan C Bischoff
- Institute of Nutritional Medicine, University of Hohenheim, Fruwirthstr. 12, 70593, Stuttgart, Germany.
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Lin TY, Zhang YF, Wang Y, Liu Y, Xu J, Liu YL. Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease aggravates acute pancreatitis through bacterial translocation and cholesterol metabolic dysregulation in the liver and pancreas in mice. Hepatobiliary Pancreat Dis Int 2023; 22:504-511. [PMID: 35909061 DOI: 10.1016/j.hbpd.2022.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2021] [Accepted: 07/12/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is an independent risk factor for severe acute pancreatitis (AP). The underlying mechanism remains unclear. We sought to determine how bacterial translocation and cholesterol metabolism in the liver and pancreas affect the severity of AP in NAFLD mice. METHODS C57BL/6N mice were fed on a high-fat diet (HFD) to generate the NAFLD model, and mice in the control group were provided with a normal diet (ND). After being anesthetized with ketamine/xylazine, mice got a retrograde infusion of taurocholic acid sodium into the pancreatic duct to induce AP, and sham operation (SO) was used as control. Serum amylase and Schmidt's pathological score system were used to evaluate AP severity. Bacterial loads, total cholesterol level, and cholesterol metabolic-associated molecules [low-density lipoprotein receptor (LDLR) and ATP-binding cassette transporter A1 (ABCA1)] were analyzed in the liver and pancreas. RESULTS Compared with the ND-AP group, mice in the HFD-AP group had severer pancreatitis, manifested with higher serum amylase levels and higher AP pathologic scores, especially the inflammation and hemorrhage scores. Compared with the HFD-SO group and ND-AP group, bacterial loads in the liver and pancreas were significantly higher in the HFD-AP group. Mice in the HFD-AP group showed a decreased LDLR expression and an increased ABCA1 expression in the pancreas, although there was no significant difference in pancreas total cholesterol between the HFD-AP group and the ND-AP group. CONCLUSIONS NAFLD aggravates AP via increasing bacterial translocation in the liver and pancreas and affecting pancreas cholesterol metabolism in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tian-Yu Lin
- Department of Gastroenterology, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing 100044, China; Clinical Center of Immune-Mediated Digestive Diseases, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing 100044, China
| | - Yi-Fan Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing 100044, China; Clinical Center of Immune-Mediated Digestive Diseases, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing 100044, China
| | - Yang Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing 100044, China; Clinical Center of Immune-Mediated Digestive Diseases, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing 100044, China
| | - Yun Liu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing 100044, China; Clinical Center of Immune-Mediated Digestive Diseases, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing 100044, China
| | - Jun Xu
- Central Laboratory & Institute of Clinical Molecular Biology, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing 100044, China
| | - Yu-Lan Liu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing 100044, China; Clinical Center of Immune-Mediated Digestive Diseases, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing 100044, China.
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Plummer AM, Matos YL, Lin HC, Ryman SG, Birg A, Quinn DK, Parada AN, Vakhtin AA. Gut-brain pathogenesis of post-acute COVID-19 neurocognitive symptoms. Front Neurosci 2023; 17:1232480. [PMID: 37841680 PMCID: PMC10568482 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2023.1232480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2023] [Accepted: 09/01/2023] [Indexed: 10/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Approximately one third of non-hospitalized coronavirus disease of 2019 (COVID-19) patients report chronic symptoms after recovering from the acute stage of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection. Some of the most persistent and common complaints of this post-acute COVID-19 syndrome (PACS) are cognitive in nature, described subjectively as "brain fog" and also objectively measured as deficits in executive function, working memory, attention, and processing speed. The mechanisms of these chronic cognitive sequelae are currently not understood. SARS-CoV-2 inflicts damage to cerebral blood vessels and the intestinal wall by binding to angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) receptors and also by evoking production of high levels of systemic cytokines, compromising the brain's neurovascular unit, degrading the intestinal barrier, and potentially increasing the permeability of both to harmful substances. Such substances are hypothesized to be produced in the gut by pathogenic microbiota that, given the profound effects COVID-19 has on the gastrointestinal system, may fourish as a result of intestinal post-COVID-19 dysbiosis. COVID-19 may therefore create a scenario in which neurotoxic and neuroinflammatory substances readily proliferate from the gut lumen and encounter a weakened neurovascular unit, gaining access to the brain and subsequently producing cognitive deficits. Here, we review this proposed PACS pathogenesis along the gut-brain axis, while also identifying specific methodologies that are currently available to experimentally measure each individual component of the model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Allison M. Plummer
- School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA, United States
| | - Yvette L. Matos
- The Mind Research Network/Lovelace Biomedical and Environmental Research Institute, Albuquerque, NM, United States
| | - Henry C. Lin
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, United States
- Section of Gastroenterology, New Mexico Veterans Affairs Health Care System, Albuquerque, NM, United States
| | - Sephira G. Ryman
- The Mind Research Network/Lovelace Biomedical and Environmental Research Institute, Albuquerque, NM, United States
- Nene and Jamie Koch Comprehensive Movement Disorder Center, Department of Neurology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, United States
| | - Aleksandr Birg
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, United States
- Section of Gastroenterology, New Mexico Veterans Affairs Health Care System, Albuquerque, NM, United States
| | - Davin K. Quinn
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of New Mexico School of Medicine, Albuquerque, NM, United States
| | - Alisha N. Parada
- Division of Internal Medicine, University of New Mexico School of Medicine, Albuquerque, NM, United States
| | - Andrei A. Vakhtin
- The Mind Research Network/Lovelace Biomedical and Environmental Research Institute, Albuquerque, NM, United States
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Shan J, Liu S, Liu H, Yuan J, Lin J. Mechanism of Qingchang Suppository on repairing the intestinal mucosal barrier in ulcerative colitis. Front Pharmacol 2023; 14:1221849. [PMID: 37675045 PMCID: PMC10478270 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1221849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2023] [Accepted: 08/07/2023] [Indexed: 09/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Ulcerative colitis (UC) is a refractory inflammatory bowel disease, and the outcomes of conventional therapies of UC, including 5-aminosalicylic acid, glucocorticoids, immunosuppressants, and biological agents, are not satisfied with patients and physicians with regard to adverse reactions and financial burden. The abnormality of the intestinal mucosal barrier in the pathogenesis of UC was verified. Qingchang Suppository (QCS) is an herbal preparation and is effective in treating ulcerative proctitis. The mechanism of QCS and its active ingredients have not been concluded especially in mucosal healing. This review elucidated the potential mechanism of QCS from the intestinal mucosal barrier perspective to help exploring future QCS research directions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingyi Shan
- Department of Gastroenterology, Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Institute of Digestive Diseases, Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Suxian Liu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Institute of Digestive Diseases, Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Haoyue Liu
- Department of Intensive Care Unit, Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jianye Yuan
- Institute of Digestive Diseases, Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jiang Lin
- Department of Gastroenterology, Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
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Shukla PK, Rao RG, Meena AS, Giorgianni F, Lee SC, Raju P, Shashikanth N, Shekhar C, Beranova S, Balazs L, Tigyi G, Gosain A, Rao R. Paneth cell dysfunction in radiation injury and radio-mitigation by human α-defensin 5. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1174140. [PMID: 37638013 PMCID: PMC10448521 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1174140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2023] [Accepted: 07/14/2023] [Indexed: 08/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction The mechanism underlying radiation-induced gut microbiota dysbiosis is undefined. This study examined the effect of radiation on the intestinal Paneth cell α-defensin expression and its impact on microbiota composition and mucosal tissue injury and evaluated the radio-mitigative effect of human α-defensin 5 (HD5). Methods Adult mice were subjected to total body irradiation, and Paneth cell α-defensin expression was evaluated by measuring α-defensin mRNA by RT-PCR and α-defensin peptide levels by mass spectrometry. Vascular-to-luminal flux of FITC-inulin was measured to evaluate intestinal mucosal permeability and endotoxemia by measuring plasma lipopolysaccharide. HD5 was administered in a liquid diet 24 hours before or after irradiation. Gut microbiota was analyzed by 16S rRNA sequencing. Intestinal epithelial junctions were analyzed by immunofluorescence confocal microscopy and mucosal inflammatory response by cytokine expression. Systemic inflammation was evaluated by measuring plasma cytokine levels. Results Ionizing radiation reduced the Paneth cell α-defensin expression and depleted α-defensin peptides in the intestinal lumen. α-Defensin down-regulation was associated with the time-dependent alteration of gut microbiota composition, increased gut permeability, and endotoxemia. Administration of human α-defensin 5 (HD5) in the diet 24 hours before irradiation (prophylactic) significantly blocked radiation-induced gut microbiota dysbiosis, disruption of intestinal epithelial tight junction and adherens junction, mucosal barrier dysfunction, and mucosal inflammatory response. HD5, administered 24 hours after irradiation (treatment), reversed radiation-induced microbiota dysbiosis, tight junction and adherens junction disruption, and barrier dysfunction. Furthermore, HD5 treatment also prevents and reverses radiation-induced endotoxemia and systemic inflammation. Conclusion These data demonstrate that radiation induces Paneth cell dysfunction in the intestine, and HD5 feeding prevents and mitigates radiation-induced intestinal mucosal injury, endotoxemia, and systemic inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pradeep K. Shukla
- College of Medicine, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, United States
| | - Roshan G. Rao
- College of Medicine, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, United States
| | - Avtar S. Meena
- College of Medicine, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, United States
| | - Francesco Giorgianni
- College of Pharmacy, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, United States
| | - Sue Chin Lee
- College of Medicine, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, United States
| | - Preeti Raju
- College of Medicine, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, United States
| | - Nitesh Shashikanth
- College of Medicine, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, United States
| | - Chandra Shekhar
- College of Medicine, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, United States
| | - Sarka Beranova
- College of Medicine, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, United States
| | - Louisa Balazs
- College of Medicine, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, United States
| | - Gabor Tigyi
- College of Medicine, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, United States
| | - Ankush Gosain
- College of Medicine, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, United States
| | - RadhaKrishna Rao
- College of Medicine, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, United States
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Zhang H, Chen L, Fan Z, Lv G. The causal effects of inflammatory bowel disease on primary biliary cholangitis: A bidirectional two-sample Mendelian randomization study. Liver Int 2023; 43:1741-1748. [PMID: 37283182 DOI: 10.1111/liv.15616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2022] [Revised: 04/24/2023] [Accepted: 04/27/2023] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Observational studies have indicated that the incidence of primary biliary cholangitis (PBC) is higher in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) patients than that in healthy people. However, whether the correlation is causal remains unclear. METHODS The genetic associations with IBD were obtained from publicly available genome-wide association studies (GWAS) of European ancestry with 31 665 cases and 33 977 controls, consisting of 17 897 Crohn's disease (CD) and 13 768 ulcerative colitis (UC) cases. The genetic associations with PBC were obtained from a European GWAS with 2764 cases and 10 475 controls. A bidirectional two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) design was implemented to determine the causal relationship between IBD and PBC. In the forward MR, the IBD was treated as the exposure while the PBC was the exposure in the reverse MR. The inverse-variance-weighted (IVW) method was utilized as the main statistic method, and a series of sensitivity analyses were performed to detect heterogeneity and horizontal pleiotropy. RESULTS A total of 99 valid instrumental variables (IVs) were selected for IBD and the number of IVs for PBC was 18. The forward MR analysis indicated that genetically predicted IBD (UC and CD) was significantly associated with an increased risk of PBC (IVW OR = 1.343; 95% CI: 1.220-1.466). Similar casual associations were observed in UC (IVW OR = 1.244; 95% CI: 1.057-1.430) and CD (IVW OR = 1.269; 95% CI: 1.159-1.379). Such results were still consistent in multiple MR methods. The reverse MR analysis implicated that genetic susceptibility to PBC might not alter the risk of IBD (IVW OR = 1.070; 95% CI: 0.984-1.164). CONCLUSION Our study found that genetically predicted IBD can increase the risk of PBC while not vice versa in the European population, which may enlighten the aetiology of PBC, together with the IBD patient management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongchen Zhang
- Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery Department, General Surgery Center, First Hospital of Jilin University, Jilin, China
| | - Lanlan Chen
- Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery Department, General Surgery Center, First Hospital of Jilin University, Jilin, China
| | - Zhongqi Fan
- Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery Department, General Surgery Center, First Hospital of Jilin University, Jilin, China
| | - Guoyue Lv
- Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery Department, General Surgery Center, First Hospital of Jilin University, Jilin, China
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Kwak G, Lee D, Suk JS. Advanced approaches to overcome biological barriers in respiratory and systemic routes of administration for enhanced nucleic acid delivery to the lung. Expert Opin Drug Deliv 2023; 20:1531-1552. [PMID: 37946533 PMCID: PMC10872418 DOI: 10.1080/17425247.2023.2282535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2023] [Accepted: 11/08/2023] [Indexed: 11/12/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Numerous delivery strategies, primarily novel nucleic acid delivery carriers, have been developed and explored to enable therapeutically relevant lung gene therapy. However, its clinical translation is yet to be achieved despite over 30 years of efforts, which is attributed to the inability to overcome a series of biological barriers that hamper efficient nucleic acid transfer to target cells in the lung. AREAS COVERED This review is initiated with the fundamentals of nucleic acid therapy and a brief overview of previous and ongoing efforts on clinical translation of lung gene therapy. We then walk through the nature of biological barriers encountered by nucleic acid carriers administered via respiratory and/or systemic routes. Finally, we introduce advanced strategies developed to overcome those barriers to achieve therapeutically relevant nucleic acid delivery efficiency in the lung. EXPERT OPINION We are now stepping close to the clinical translation of lung gene therapy, thanks to the discovery of novel delivery strategies that overcome biological barriers via comprehensive preclinical studies. However, preclinical findings should be cautiously interpreted and validated to ultimately realize meaningful therapeutic outcomes with newly developed delivery strategies in humans. In particular, individual strategies should be selected, tailored, and implemented in a manner directly relevant to specific therapeutic applications and goals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gijung Kwak
- Department of Neurosurgery and Medicine Institute for Neuroscience Discovery (UM-MIND), University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Center for Nanomedicine, Wilmer Eye Institute, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Department of Ophthalmology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Daiheon Lee
- Department of Neurosurgery and Medicine Institute for Neuroscience Discovery (UM-MIND), University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Center for Nanomedicine, Wilmer Eye Institute, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Department of Ophthalmology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Jung Soo Suk
- Department of Neurosurgery and Medicine Institute for Neuroscience Discovery (UM-MIND), University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Center for Nanomedicine, Wilmer Eye Institute, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Department of Ophthalmology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Department of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
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Zhang Y, Chen X, Mo X, Xiao R, Cheng Q, Wang H, Liu L, Xie P. Enterogenic metabolomics signatures of depression: what are the possibilities for the future. Expert Rev Proteomics 2023; 20:397-418. [PMID: 37934939 DOI: 10.1080/14789450.2023.2279984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2023] [Accepted: 10/24/2023] [Indexed: 11/09/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION An increasing number of studies indicate that the microbiota-gut-brain axis is an important pathway involved in the onset and progression of depression. The responses of the organism (or its microorganisms) to external cues cannot be separated from a key intermediate element: their metabolites. AREAS COVERED In recent years, with the rapid development of metabolomics, an increasing amount of metabolites has been detected and studied, especially the gut metabolites. Nevertheless, the increasing amount of metabolites described has not been reflected in a better understanding of their functions and metabolic pathways. Moreover, our knowledge of the biological interactions among metabolites is also incomplete, which limits further studies on the connections between the microbial-entero-brain axis and depression. EXPERT OPINION This paper summarizes the current knowledge on depression-related metabolites and their involvement in the onset and progression of this disease. More importantly, this paper summarized metabolites from the intestine, and defined them as enterogenic metabolites, to further clarify the function of intestinal metabolites and their biochemical cross-talk, providing theoretical support and new research directions for the prevention and treatment of depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yangdong Zhang
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment on Brain Functional Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xueyi Chen
- NHC Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment on Brain Functional Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Faculty of Basic Medicine, Department of Pathology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xiaolong Mo
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment on Brain Functional Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Rui Xiao
- NHC Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment on Brain Functional Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Faculty of Basic Medicine, Department of Pathology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Qisheng Cheng
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment on Brain Functional Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Haiyang Wang
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment on Brain Functional Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Lanxiang Liu
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment on Brain Functional Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Department of Neurology, Yongchuan Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Peng Xie
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment on Brain Functional Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Department of Neurology, Yongchuan Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
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Ma X, Shin YJ, Park HS, Jeong JW, Kim JY, Shim JJ, Lee JL, Kim DH. Lactobacillus casei and Its Supplement Alleviate Stress-Induced Depression and Anxiety in Mice by the Regulation of BDNF Expression and NF-κB Activation. Nutrients 2023; 15:nu15112488. [PMID: 37299451 DOI: 10.3390/nu15112488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2023] [Revised: 05/16/2023] [Accepted: 05/25/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Stress-induced depression and anxiety (DA) are closely connected to gastrointestinal inflammation and dysbiosis, which can suppress brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) in the brain. Herein, we isolated the BDNF expression-inducing probiotics Lactobacillus casei HY2782 and Bifidobacterium lactis HY8002 in lipopolysaccharide-stimulated SH-SY5Y cells. Then, we investigated the effects of HY2782, HY8002, anti-inflammatory L-theanine, and their supplement (PfS, probiotics-fermented L-theanine-containing supplement) on DA in mice exposed to restraint stress (RS) or the fecal microbiota of patients with inflammatory bowel disease and depression (FMd). Oral administration of HY2782, HY8002, or L-theanine alleviated RS-induced DA-like behaviors. They also decreased RS-induced hippocampal interleukin (IL)-1β and IL-6 levels, as well as NF-κB-positive cell numbers, blood corticosterone level, and colonic IL-1β and IL-6 levels and NF-κB-positive cell numbers. L-theanine more potently suppressed DA-like behaviors and inflammation-related marker levels than probiotics. However, these probiotics more potently increased RS-suppressed hippocampal BDNF level and BDNF+NeuN+ cell numbers than L-theanine. Furthermore, HY2782 and HY8002 suppressed RS-increased Proteobacteria and Verrucomicrobia populations in gut microbiota. In particular, they increased Lachnospiraceae and Lactobacillacease populations, which are closely positively associated with hippocampal BDNF expression, and suppressed Sutterellaceae, Helicobacteriaceae, Akkermansiaceae, and Enterobacteriaceae populations, which are closely positively associated with hippocampal IL-1β expression. HY2782 and HY8002 potently alleviated FMd-induced DA-like behaviors and increased FMd-suppressed BDNF, serotonin levels, and BDNF-positive neuronal cell numbers in the brain. They alleviated blood corticosterone level and colonic IL-1β α and IL-6 levels. However, L-theanine weakly, but not significantly, alleviated FMd-induced DA-like behaviors and gut inflammation. BDNF expression-inducing probiotic (HY2782, HY8002, Streptococcus thermophilus, and Lactobacillus acidophilus)-fermented and anti-inflammatory L-theanine-containing supplement PfS alleviated DA-like behaviors, inflammation-related biomarker levels, and gut dysbiosis more than probiotics or L-theanine. Based on these findings, a combination of BDNF expression-inducing probiotics with anti-inflammatory L-theanine may additively or synergistically alleviate DA and gut dysbiosis by regulating gut microbiota-mediated inflammation and BDNF expression, thereby being beneficial for DA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyang Ma
- Neurobiota Research Center, College of Pharmacy, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
| | - Yoon-Jung Shin
- Neurobiota Research Center, College of Pharmacy, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
| | - Hee-Seo Park
- Neurobiota Research Center, College of Pharmacy, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji-Woong Jeong
- R&BD Department, hy Co., Ltd., Seoul 06530, Republic of Korea
| | - Joo Yun Kim
- R&BD Department, hy Co., Ltd., Seoul 06530, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae-Jung Shim
- R&BD Department, hy Co., Ltd., Seoul 06530, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung-Lyoul Lee
- R&BD Department, hy Co., Ltd., Seoul 06530, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong-Hyun Kim
- Neurobiota Research Center, College of Pharmacy, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
- PBLbiolab, Seoul 02823, Republic of Korea
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Diaz J, Kuhlman BM, Edenhoffer NP, Evans AC, Martin KA, Guida P, Rusek A, Atala A, Coleman MA, Wilson PF, Almeida-Porada G, Porada CD. Immediate effects of acute Mars mission equivalent doses of SEP and GCR radiation on the murine gastrointestinal system-protective effects of curcumin-loaded nanolipoprotein particles (cNLPs). FRONTIERS IN ASTRONOMY AND SPACE SCIENCES 2023; 10:1117811. [PMID: 38741937 PMCID: PMC11089821 DOI: 10.3389/fspas.2023.1117811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/16/2024]
Abstract
Introduction Missions beyond low Earth orbit (LEO) will expose astronauts to ionizing radiation (IR) in the form of solar energetic particles (SEP) and galactic cosmic rays (GCR) including high atomic number and energy (HZE) nuclei. The gastrointestinal (GI) system is documented to be highly radiosensitive with even relatively low dose IR exposures capable of inducing mucosal lesions and disrupting epithelial barrier function. IR is also an established risk factor for colorectal cancer (CRC) with several studies examining long-term GI effects of SEP/GCR exposure using tumor-prone APC mouse models. Studies of acute short-term effects of modeled space radiation exposures in wildtype mouse models are more limited and necessary to better define charged particle-induced GI pathologies and test novel medical countermeasures (MCMs) to promote astronaut safety. Methods In this study, we performed ground-based studies where male and female C57BL/6J mice were exposed to γ-rays, 50 MeV protons, or 1 GeV/n Fe-56 ions at the NASA Space Radiation Laboratory (NSRL) with histology and immunohistochemistry endpoints measured in the first 24 h post-irradiation to define immediate SEP/GCR-induced GI alterations. Results Our data show that unlike matched γ-ray controls, acute exposures to protons and iron ions disrupts intestinal function and induces mucosal lesions, vascular congestion, epithelial barrier breakdown, and marked enlargement of mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue. We also measured kinetics of DNA double-strand break (DSB) repair using gamma-H2AX- specific antibodies and apoptosis via TUNEL labeling, noting the induction and disappearance of extranuclear cytoplasmic DNA marked by gamma-H2AX only in the charged particle-irradiated samples. We show that 18 h pre-treatment with curcumin-loaded nanolipoprotein particles (cNLPs) delivered via IV injection reduces DSB-associated foci levels and apoptosis and restore crypt villi lengths. Discussion These data improve our understanding of physiological alterations in the GI tract immediately following exposures to modeled space radiations and demonstrates effectiveness of a promising space radiation MCM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan Diaz
- Wake Forest Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Winston Salem, NC, United States
| | - Bradford M. Kuhlman
- Wake Forest Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Winston Salem, NC, United States
| | | | - Angela C. Evans
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of California Davis School of Medicine, Sacramento, CA, United States
- Biosciences and Biotechnology Division, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, CA, United States
| | - Kelly A. Martin
- Biosciences and Biotechnology Division, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, CA, United States
| | - Peter Guida
- NASA Space Radiation Laboratory, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY, United States
| | - Adam Rusek
- NASA Space Radiation Laboratory, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY, United States
| | - Anthony Atala
- Wake Forest Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Winston Salem, NC, United States
| | - Matthew A. Coleman
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of California Davis School of Medicine, Sacramento, CA, United States
- Biosciences and Biotechnology Division, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, CA, United States
| | - Paul F. Wilson
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of California Davis School of Medicine, Sacramento, CA, United States
- Biological Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, United States
| | - Graça Almeida-Porada
- Wake Forest Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Winston Salem, NC, United States
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Le NPK, Altenburger MJ, Lamy E. Development of an Inflammation-Triggered In Vitro "Leaky Gut" Model Using Caco-2/HT29-MTX-E12 Combined with Macrophage-like THP-1 Cells or Primary Human-Derived Macrophages. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24087427. [PMID: 37108590 PMCID: PMC10139037 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24087427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2023] [Revised: 04/12/2023] [Accepted: 04/15/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The "leaky gut" syndrome describes a damaged (leaky) intestinal mucosa and is considered a serious contributor to numerous chronic diseases. Chronic inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) are particularly associated with the "leaky gut" syndrome, but also allergies, autoimmune diseases or neurological disorders. We developed a complex in vitro inflammation-triggered triple-culture model using 21-day-differentiated human intestinal Caco-2 epithelial cells and HT29-MTX-E12 mucus-producing goblet cells (90:10 ratio) in close contact with differentiated human macrophage-like THP-1 cells or primary monocyte-derived macrophages from human peripheral blood. Upon an inflammatory stimulus, the characteristics of a "leaky gut" became evident: a significant loss of intestinal cell integrity in terms of decreased transepithelial/transendothelial electrical resistance (TEER), as well as a loss of tight junction proteins. The cell permeability for FITC-dextran 4 kDa was then increased, and key pro-inflammatory cytokines, including TNF-alpha and IL-6, were substantially released. Whereas in the M1 macrophage-like THP-1 co-culture model, we could not detect the release of IL-23, which plays a crucial regulatory role in IBD, this cytokine was clearly detected when using primary human M1 macrophages instead. In conclusion, we provide an advanced human in vitro model that could be useful for screening and evaluating therapeutic drugs for IBD treatment, including potential IL-23 inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nguyen Phan Khoi Le
- Molecular Preventive Medicine, University Medical Center and Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, 79108 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Markus Jörg Altenburger
- Department of Operative Dentistry and Periodontology, University Medical Center and Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, 79108 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Evelyn Lamy
- Molecular Preventive Medicine, University Medical Center and Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, 79108 Freiburg, Germany
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Liang L, Saunders C, Sanossian N. Food, gut barrier dysfunction, and related diseases: A new target for future individualized disease prevention and management. Food Sci Nutr 2023; 11:1671-1704. [PMID: 37051344 PMCID: PMC10084985 DOI: 10.1002/fsn3.3229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2022] [Revised: 12/20/2022] [Accepted: 12/28/2022] [Indexed: 03/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Dysfunction of gut barrier is known as "leaky gut" or increased intestinal permeability. Numerous recent scientific evidences showed the association between gut dysfunction and multiple gastrointestinal tract (GI) and non-GI diseases. Research also demonstrated that food plays a crucial role to cause or remedy gut dysfunction related to diseases. We reviewed recent articles from electronic databases, mainly PubMed. The data were based on animal models, cell models, and human research in vivo and in vitro models. In this comprehensive review, our aim focused on the relationship between dietary factors, intestinal permeability dysfunction, and related diseases. This review synthesizes currently available literature and is discussed in three parts: (a) the mechanism of gut barrier and function, (b) food and dietary supplements that may promote gut health, and food or medication that may alter gut function, and (c) a table that organizes the synthesized information by general mechanisms for diseases related to leaky gut/intestinal permeability and associated dietary influences. With future research, dietary intervention could be a new target for individualized disease prevention and management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linda Liang
- University of Southern CaliforniaLos AngelesCaliforniaUSA
| | | | - Nerses Sanossian
- Department of NeurologyMedical School of Southern CaliforniaLos AngelesCaliforniaUSA
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Li M, Cui Y, Wang P, Cui J, Chen Y, Zhang T. Baicalin mitigates hypertension-linked alterations in the intestinal lymphatic vasculature in part through preserving the functional barrier integrity of lymphatic endothelial cells. Biomed Pharmacother 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2023.114418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/21/2023] Open
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Dietary Supplement, Containing the Dry Extract of Curcumin, Emblica and Cassia, Counteracts Intestinal Inflammation and Enteric Dysmotility Associated with Obesity. Metabolites 2023; 13:metabo13030410. [PMID: 36984850 PMCID: PMC10058382 DOI: 10.3390/metabo13030410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2023] [Revised: 03/02/2023] [Accepted: 03/08/2023] [Indexed: 03/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Intestinal epithelial barrier (IEB) impairment and enteric inflammation are involved in the onset of obesity and gut-related dysmotility. Dietary supplementation with natural plant extracts represents a useful strategy for the management of body weight gain and systemic inflammation associated with obesity. Here, we evaluate the efficacy of a food supplement containing the dry extract of Curcumin, Emblica and Cassia in counteracting enteric inflammation and motor abnormalities in a mouse model of obesity, induced by a high-fat diet (HFD). Male C57BL/6 mice, fed with standard diet (SD) or HFD, were treated with a natural mixture (Curcumin, Emblica and Cassia). After 8 weeks, body weight, BMI, liver and spleen weight, along with metabolic parameters and colonic motor activity were evaluated. Additionally, plasma LBP, fecal calprotectin, colonic levels of MPO and IL-1β, as well as the expression of occludin, TLR-4, MYD88 and NF-κB were investigated. Plant-based food supplement administration (1) counteracted the increase in body weight, BMI and metabolic parameters, along with a reduction in spleen and liver weight; (2) showed strengthening effects on the IEB integrity; and (3) reduced enteric inflammation and oxidative stress, as well as ameliorated the colonic contractile dysfunctions. Natural mixture administration reduced intestinal inflammation and counteracted the intestinal motor dysfunction associated with obesity.
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Toprak K, Kaplangoray M, Altiparmak İH, Taşcanov MB, Güngören F, Fedai H, İnanir M, Biçer A, Demirbağ R. Can increased intestinal permeability and low-grade endotoxemia be the triggering pathogenesis in isolated coronary artery ectasia? Coron Artery Dis 2023; 34:102-110. [PMID: 36720018 DOI: 10.1097/mca.0000000000001209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Isolated coronary artery ectasia (ICAE) is a rare coronary artery disease (CAD) encountered during coronary angiography. Although many mechanisms have been suggested today that may be associated with ICAE, the underlying pathogenesis has not been fully understood. In this study, we aimed to reveal the possible relationship between intestinal permeability and ICAE. METHODS Of the 12 850 patients who underwent coronary angiography, 138 consecutive patients with ICAE and 140 age- and sex-matched subjects with normal coronary arteries as the control group and 140 subjects with stenotic CAD were included in the study. RESULTS Serum zonulin and lipopolysaccharide levels were significantly higher in patients with ICAE than in the control group and CAD group. Additionally, zonulin and lipopolysaccharide levels were significantly higher in the CAD group than in the ICAE group. In the correlation analysis, serum zonulin levels were correlated with the mean diameter and length of the ecstatic segment. In multivariate analysis, zonulin and lipopolysaccharide were identified as independent predictors for ICAE. CONCLUSION These results suggest that there may be a pathophysiological relationship between increased intestinal permeability and ICAE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenan Toprak
- Department of Cardiology, Faculty of Medicine, Harran University
| | - Mustafa Kaplangoray
- Department of Cardiology, Mehmet Akif İnan Training and Research Hospital, Sanliurfa
| | | | | | - Fatih Güngören
- Department of Cardiology, Istanbul Aydin University VM Medical Park Florya Hospital, Istanbul
| | - Halil Fedai
- Department of Cardiology, Şanliurfa Training and Research Hospital, Sanliurfa
| | - Mehmet İnanir
- Department of Cardiology, Bolu Abant Izzet Baysal University, Medical Faculty, Cardiology Department, Bolu, Turkey
| | - Asuman Biçer
- Department of Cardiology, Faculty of Medicine, Harran University
| | - Recep Demirbağ
- Department of Cardiology, Faculty of Medicine, Harran University
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Alleviation of Porphyromonas gingivalis or Its Extracellular Vesicles Provoked Periodontitis and Cognitive Impairment by Lactobacillus pentosus NK357 and Bifidobacterium bifidum NK391. Nutrients 2023; 15:nu15051068. [PMID: 36904068 PMCID: PMC10005711 DOI: 10.3390/nu15051068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2023] [Revised: 02/16/2023] [Accepted: 02/19/2023] [Indexed: 02/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Porphyromonas gingivalis (PG) is closely involved in the outbreak of periodontitis and cognitive impairment (CI). Herein, we examined the effects of anti-inflammatory Lactobacillus pentosus NK357 and Bifidobacterium bifidum NK391 on PG- or its extracellular vesicles (pEVs)-induced periodontitis and CI in mice. Oral administration of NK357 or NK391 significantly decreased PG-induced tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, receptor activator of nuclear factors κB (RANK), and RANK ligand (RANKL) expression, gingipain (GP)+lipopolysaccharide (LPS)+ and NF-κB+CD11c+ populations, and PG 16S rDNA level in the periodontal tissue. Their treatments also suppressed PG-induced CI -like behaviors, TNF-α expression and NF-κB-positive immune cells in the hippocampus and colon, while PG-suppressed hippocampal BDNF and N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor (NMDAR) expression increased. The combination of NK357 and NK391 additively alleviated PG- or pEVs-induced periodontitis, neuroinflammation, CI-like behaviors, colitis, and gut microbiota dysbiosis and increased PG- or pEVs-suppressed BDNF and NMDAR expression in the hippocampus. In conclusion, NK357 and NK391 may alleviate periodontitis and dementia by regulating NF-κB, RANKL/RANK, and BDNF-NMDAR signaling and gut microbiota.
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