1
|
Madani Civi R, Mehranfar S, Plunkett R, Veenstra G, Conklin AI. A systematic review of social connections as determinants of obesity: Longitudinal evidence limited to marital transitions. Obes Rev 2024; 25:e13819. [PMID: 39159971 DOI: 10.1111/obr.13819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2024] [Revised: 07/26/2024] [Accepted: 08/04/2024] [Indexed: 08/21/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Social relationships impact health and may affect proximal determinants such as obesity. Our review examined empirical evidence of the impact of changes in social relationships on risk of obesity in aging adults, with attention to gender. METHODS We systematically searched Medline, EMBASE, Scopus, CINAHL, and ProQuest Dissertations and reference lists of relevant reviews and papers published up to November 2022. Longitudinal studies examining changes in marital status, living arrangement, social participation, and social networks and anthropometric changes or incident obesity were deemed eligible. Relevant data were extracted and synthesized narratively. RESULTS We identified 41,910 eligible titles, resulting in 252 full texts and 7 included studies. All studies were conducted in the United States and assessed marital transitions only; 3 studies included both women and men. Overall, compared with people who remain non-married, entering marriage leads to a significant increase in body mass index (BMI) for both genders. Conversely, transitioning out of marriage through widowhood or divorce leads to a decrease in weight (kg/lbs), waist circumference, and BMI for both genders. All seven studies were deemed to be of medium quality. CONCLUSIONS Our review revealed a paucity of prospective evidence on social connections as determinants of obesity among aging adults. There is limited evidence that marital transitions are associated with changes in anthropometric measurements in aging individuals, but no evidence on the effects of changes in living arrangements, social participation, and social networks on anthropometric measurements. More research attention to the social determinants of obesity is warranted.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rana Madani Civi
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Sanaz Mehranfar
- Faculty of Land and Food Systems, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Riley Plunkett
- Faculty of Science, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Gerry Veenstra
- Faculty of Arts, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Annalijn I Conklin
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
- Faculty of Land and Food Systems, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
- Centre for Advancing Health Outcomes, Providence Health Care Research Institute, St. Paul's Hospital, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Ahola AJ, Suojanen LU, Joki A, Pietiläinen KH. Loneliness and its cross-sectional associations with health, health behaviours, and perceptions in Finnish patients with overweight or obesity taking part in the Healthy Weight Coaching. Prev Med 2024; 185:108032. [PMID: 38851400 DOI: 10.1016/j.ypmed.2024.108032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2024] [Revised: 06/03/2024] [Accepted: 06/05/2024] [Indexed: 06/10/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate cross-sectional associations between loneliness and health, health behaviours, and perceptions in Finnish individuals with overweight or obesity (BMI ≥25 kg/m2). METHODS We used baseline data from patients participating, in 2016-2022, in a real-life digital 12-month weight management program known as Healthy Weight Coaching. Patients completed several questionnaires such as those related to loneliness, healthcare resource utilization, physical activity, and life satisfaction. BMI was computed based on self-reported weight and height. In addition to investigating individual health variables, we studied the association between loneliness and factor-analysis-derived health and wellbeing clusters. RESULTS Data were available from 2000 individuals (16.7% men, median age 48 years, median BMI 39.2 kg/m2). Altogether, 11.6%, 42.4%, and 46.0% reported feeling lonely, somewhat lonely, and not lonely, respectively. Feeling lonely was associated with higher BMI, greater healthcare resource utilization, lower life satisfaction, burdensomeness of life, more negative perceptions related to obesity and to the upcoming coaching, lower daytime energy, and reduced 20-min brisk walk results, a measure of functional capacity. Of the five factor-analysis-derived clusters, loneliness was adversely associated with "Life satisfaction" [lonely, 0.337 (0.270-0.421), p < 0.001; somewhat lonely, 0.545 (0.475-0.625), p < 0.001]. Moreover, loneliness associated with "Negative perceptions of obesity/daytime fatigue" [lonely, 4.627 (3.391-6.314), p < 0.001; somewhat lonely 2.021 (1.694-2.412), p < 0.001], and "Obesity/low physical activity" [lonely, 1.474 (1.105-1.966), p = 0.008; somewhat lonely, 1.220 (1.019-1.460), p = 0.030]. CONCLUSIONS Loneliness had several untoward associations with health, health behaviours, and perceptions. Further research should explore the intricate relationship between obesity, loneliness, and physical and psychosocial health. TRIAL REGISTRATION The trial is registered at clinicaltrials.cov (Clinical Trials Identifier NCT04019249).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Aila J Ahola
- Obesity Research Unit, Research Program for Clinical and Molecular Metabolism, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Laura-Unnukka Suojanen
- Obesity Research Unit, Research Program for Clinical and Molecular Metabolism, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland; Healthy Weight Hub, Abdominal Centre, Helsinki University Hospital and University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland; Research Program for Population Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Anu Joki
- Healthy Weight Hub, Abdominal Centre, Helsinki University Hospital and University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Kirsi H Pietiläinen
- Obesity Research Unit, Research Program for Clinical and Molecular Metabolism, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland; Healthy Weight Hub, Abdominal Centre, Helsinki University Hospital and University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Stefanovics EA, Grilo CM, Potenza MN, Pietrzak RH. Obesity in Latinx and White U.S. military veterans: Mental health, psychosocial burden, non-suicidal self-injury and suicidal behavior. Psychiatry Res 2024; 335:115844. [PMID: 38484606 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2024.115844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2023] [Revised: 02/02/2024] [Accepted: 03/07/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024]
Abstract
Obesity disproportionately affects Latinx communities and is linked to an increased risk of mental health problems. Military veterans are more likely to develop mental health problems, but the role of Latinx ethnicity in moderating the association between obesity and these problems is unclear. To address this gap, this study examined psychiatric and psychosocial correlates of obesity in a nationally representative sample of Latinx and White U.S. military veterans. Data were analyzed from the 2019-2020 National Health and Resilience in Veterans Study, which surveyed 3524 Latinx and White veterans. Analyses revealed that Latinx ethnicity moderated associations between obesity and several measures. Specifically, among veterans with obesity, Latinx veterans had higher rates of major depression, generalized anxiety, post-traumatic stress disorders, drug use disorders, non-suicidal self-injury, and higher levels of childhood trauma, loneliness, and hostility relative to White veterans. These findings underscore the importance of culturally sensitive prevention and treatment efforts to help mitigate symptoms of internalizing disorders, drug use disorder, loneliness, and hostility, and to cultivate psychosocial resources such as resilience and coping self-efficacy among Latinx veterans with obesity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Elina A Stefanovics
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA; U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs New England Mental Illness Research and Education Clinical Center (MIRECC), West Haven, CT, USA; U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs National Center on Homelessness Among Veterans, Tampa, FL, USA.
| | - Carlos M Grilo
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Marc N Potenza
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA; Yale Child Study Center, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA; Connecticut Mental Health Center, New Haven, CT, USA; Connecticut Council on Problem Gambling, Wethersfield, CT, USA; Department of Neuroscience, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA; Wu Tsai Institute, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Robert H Pietrzak
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA; U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs National Center for Posttraumatic Stress Disorder, VA Connecticut Healthcare System, West Haven, CT, USA
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Shea S, Lionis C, Kite C, Lagojda L, Uthman OA, Dallaway A, Atkinson L, Chaggar SS, Randeva HS, Kyrou I. Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease and coexisting depression, anxiety and/or stress in adults: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2024; 15:1357664. [PMID: 38689730 PMCID: PMC11058984 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2024.1357664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2024] [Accepted: 03/22/2024] [Indexed: 05/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a common chronic liver disease, affecting 25-30% of the general population globally. The condition is even more prevalent in individuals with obesity and is frequently linked to the metabolic syndrome. Given the known associations between the metabolic syndrome and common mental health issues, it is likely that such a relationship also exists between NAFLD and mental health problems. However, studies in this field remain limited. Accordingly, the aim of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to explore the prevalence of one or more common mental health conditions (i.e., depression, anxiety, and/or stress) in adults with NAFLD. Methods PubMed, EBSCOhost, ProQuest, Ovid, Web of Science, and Scopus were searched in order to identify studies reporting the prevalence of depression, anxiety, and/or stress among adults with NAFLD. A random-effects model was utilized to calculate the pooled prevalence and confidence intervals for depression, anxiety and stress. Results In total, 31 studies were eligible for inclusion, involving 2,126,593 adults with NAFLD. Meta-analyses yielded a pooled prevalence of 26.3% (95% CI: 19.2 to 34) for depression, 37.2% (95% CI: 21.6 to 54.3%) for anxiety, and 51.4% (95% CI: 5.5 to 95.8%) for stress among adults with NAFLD. Conclusion The present findings suggest a high prevalence of mental health morbidity among adults with NAFLD. Given the related public health impact, this finding should prompt further research to investigate such associations and elucidate potential associations between NAFLD and mental health morbidity, exploring potential shared underlying pathophysiologic mechanisms. Systematic review registration https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/, identifier CRD42021288934.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sue Shea
- Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, Coventry, United Kingdom
- Warwickshire Institute for the Study of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism (WISDEM), University Hospitals Coventry and Warwickshire NHS Trust, Coventry, United Kingdom
| | - Christos Lionis
- Laboratory of “Health and Science” School of Medicine, University of Crete, Heraklion, Greece
- Department of Health, Medicine and Caring Sciences, University of Linkoping, Linkoping, Sweden
- Department of Nursing, Frederick University, Nicosia, Cyprus
| | - Chris Kite
- Warwickshire Institute for the Study of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism (WISDEM), University Hospitals Coventry and Warwickshire NHS Trust, Coventry, United Kingdom
- School of Health and Society, Faculty of Education, Health and Wellbeing, University of Wolverhampton, Wolverhampton, United Kingdom
- Chester Medical School, University of Chester, Shrewsbury, United Kingdom
- Centre for Sport, Exercise and Life Sciences, Research Institute for Health & Wellbeing, Coventry University, Coventry, United Kingdom
| | - Lukasz Lagojda
- Warwickshire Institute for the Study of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism (WISDEM), University Hospitals Coventry and Warwickshire NHS Trust, Coventry, United Kingdom
- Clinical Evidence-Based Information Service (CEBIS), University Hospitals Coventry and Warwickshire NHS Trust, Coventry, United Kingdom
| | - Olalekan A. Uthman
- Division of Health Sciences, Warwick Centre for Global Health, Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, Coventry, United Kingdom
| | - Alexander Dallaway
- Warwickshire Institute for the Study of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism (WISDEM), University Hospitals Coventry and Warwickshire NHS Trust, Coventry, United Kingdom
- School of Health and Society, Faculty of Education, Health and Wellbeing, University of Wolverhampton, Wolverhampton, United Kingdom
| | - Lou Atkinson
- Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, Coventry, United Kingdom
- Warwickshire Institute for the Study of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism (WISDEM), University Hospitals Coventry and Warwickshire NHS Trust, Coventry, United Kingdom
- iPrescribe Exercise Digital Ltd (EXI), London, United Kingdom
| | | | - Harpal S. Randeva
- Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, Coventry, United Kingdom
- Warwickshire Institute for the Study of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism (WISDEM), University Hospitals Coventry and Warwickshire NHS Trust, Coventry, United Kingdom
- Centre for Sport, Exercise and Life Sciences, Research Institute for Health & Wellbeing, Coventry University, Coventry, United Kingdom
- Institute of Cardiometabolic Medicine, University Hospitals Coventry and Warwickshire NHS Trust, Coventry, United Kingdom
| | - Ioannis Kyrou
- Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, Coventry, United Kingdom
- Warwickshire Institute for the Study of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism (WISDEM), University Hospitals Coventry and Warwickshire NHS Trust, Coventry, United Kingdom
- Centre for Sport, Exercise and Life Sciences, Research Institute for Health & Wellbeing, Coventry University, Coventry, United Kingdom
- Institute of Cardiometabolic Medicine, University Hospitals Coventry and Warwickshire NHS Trust, Coventry, United Kingdom
- Aston Medical School, College of Health and Life Sciences, Aston University, Birmingham, United Kingdom
- College of Health, Psychology and Social Care, University of Derby, Derby, United Kingdom
- Laboratory of Dietetics and Quality of Life, Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, School of Food and Nutritional Sciences, Agricultural University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Gu W, Yu X, Tan Y, Yu Z, Zhu J. Association between weight, weight perception, weight teasing and mental health among adolescents. Child Adolesc Psychiatry Ment Health 2024; 18:39. [PMID: 38521915 PMCID: PMC10960988 DOI: 10.1186/s13034-024-00730-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2024] [Accepted: 03/11/2024] [Indexed: 03/25/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Adolescent mental health problems are becoming increasingly prevalent, and there are correlations between weight-related concerns and adolescent mental health. The aim of this study is to explore the association between three weight-related factors (actual weight, weight perception, and weight teasing) and mental health problems (depressive symptoms, anxiety symptoms, and loneliness) in Chinese adolescents. METHODS 10,070 adolescents between the ages of 11-18 from schools in Shanghai, China were selected using a stratified random cluster sampling method. Self-reported questionnaires were collected to investigate weight-related factors and mental health problems. Logistic regression analysis was used to examine the relationship. RESULTS The prevalence of depressive symptoms, loneliness, mild anxiety symptoms, and moderate to severe anxiety symptoms among adolescents were 18.0%, 53.8%, 26.5%, and 12.3%, respectively, with a higher prevalence found in females. After adjusting for weight perception and weight teasing, actual weight had no harmful impact on adolescents' mental health. Adolescents' perception of being overweight increased the risk of depressive symptoms, loneliness, mild anxiety symptoms, and moderate to severe anxiety symptoms, while the perception of being underweight had a similar but more profound impact (depressive symptoms OR = 1.590, 95% CI: 1.342-1.883; loneliness OR = 1.537, 95% CI: 1.353-1.746; mild anxiety symptoms OR = 1.368, 95% CI: 1.178-1.589; moderate to severe anxiety symptoms OR = 1.780, 95% CI: 1.449-2.186). Experiencing weight teasing more than once a year had a greater effect on adolescents' mental health, especially among adolescents with overweight/obesity (depressive symptoms OR = 2.970, 95% CI: 2.325-3.793; loneliness OR = 3.839, 95% CI: 3.119-4.727; mild anxiety symptoms OR = 2.822, 95% CI: 2.236-3.562; moderate to severe anxiety symptoms OR = 5.212, 95% CI: 3.846-7.065). CONCLUSIONS The prevalence of mental health problems among adolescents was high, especially loneliness. Weight perception and weight teasing, but not the actual weight, independently influenced adolescent mental health.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wenxin Gu
- School of Public Health, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaoyan Yu
- School of Public Health, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yinliang Tan
- Department of Social Medicine and Health Education, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Zhiping Yu
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, University of North Florida, Jacksonville, FL, USA
| | - Jingfen Zhu
- School of Public Health, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Bae Y, Pachucki MC. Social isolation and depression as risk factors for weight loss of 5kg or more among older Korean adults. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0299096. [PMID: 38478536 PMCID: PMC10936863 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0299096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2023] [Accepted: 02/05/2024] [Indexed: 03/17/2024] Open
Abstract
Given a well-known overlapping prevalence of social isolation with loneliness and depression among older adults, this study aimed to contextually investigate the relationship of these constructs with weight loss of more than 5kg in a year, with a special focus on the intersection of living alone and marital dissolution as key dimensions of isolation. The data were obtained from the Korean Longitudinal Study of Aging (KLoSA) from 2006, 2008, 2010, 2012, 2014, 2016, and 2018, with an adult sample of those aged 65 and older (n = 5,481). The study evaluated several critical dimensions of social isolation: living alone, transition to living alone, infrequent social contact with children or friends, and infrequent social participation. These dimensions were examined individually and as a composite scale, along with loneliness and depressive symptoms, to determine their association with weight loss of 5kg or greater among older men and women. Generalized Estimating Equation (GEE) regression models enabled investigation of whether socially isolated men and women tended to lose 5kg or more in weight, given other confounding factors. Surprisingly, the results showed no evidence of such a trend. However, significant associations were found between weight loss and changes in living alone and marital status. For older men, transitioning to living alone without a change in marital status was linked to significant weight loss. For older women, transitioning to living alone following widowhood or divorce was the risk factor. These relationships remained significant even after adjusting for depression and a wide range of covariates. Additional analysis testing a cumulative effect revealed that only depression was a risk factor for being underweight at the last observation. Therefore, to prevent a clinically risky extent of weight loss, health policies for older Koreans should focus on those who transition to living alone, especially due to spousal bereavement or divorce (among women) and separation from living with children (among men).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Youngjoon Bae
- Center on Aging and Population Sciences, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas, United States of America
| | - Mark C. Pachucki
- Department of Sociology, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, Massachusetts, United States of America
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Ohta R, Yakabe T, Adachi H, Sano C. The Association Between Community Participation and Loneliness Among Patients in Rural Community Hospitals: A Cross-Sectional Study. Cureus 2024; 16:e56501. [PMID: 38638785 PMCID: PMC11026138 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.56501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/19/2024] [Indexed: 04/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Loneliness among adults is a critical public health issue, particularly in rural areas where social isolation can be more pronounced. Understanding the factors that influence loneliness can guide the development of effective interventions. This study explores the impact of demographic, health-related, and social participation factors on loneliness among rural Japanese adults, focusing on the role of community participation. Method This cross-sectional study was conducted with rural Japanese adults who regularly visited rural community hospitals. Data were collected on participants' demographic characteristics, health status, and social participation and analyzed using a multivariate logistic regression model to identify factors associated with higher levels of loneliness. The covariates included age, sex, body mass index (BMI), chronic health conditions, and community participation. Results The study found that community participation had a significant negative association with loneliness, with an odds ratio (OR) of 0.46 (p < 0.01), indicating that individuals engaged in community activities were substantially less likely to experience higher levels of loneliness. Higher BMI was associated with lower odds of loneliness (OR = 0.93, p < 0.02), suggesting a protective effect against loneliness. Conclusion The findings highlight the paramount importance of community engagement in mitigating loneliness among rural Japanese adults. The inverse relationship between BMI and loneliness suggests that BMI and social participation influence loneliness. These insights underscore the need for comprehensive interventions that promote community participation and address the multifaceted nature of loneliness. Future research should further explore the mechanisms through which community engagement and BMI impact loneliness to develop targeted strategies for improving the well-being of rural adults.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Chiaki Sano
- Community Medicine Management, Shimane University Faculty of Medicine, Izumo, JPN
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Smith S, Lally P, Steptoe A, Chavez-Ugalde Y, Beeken RJ, Fisher A. Prevalence of loneliness and associations with health behaviours and body mass index in 5835 people living with and beyond cancer: a cross-sectional study. BMC Public Health 2024; 24:635. [PMID: 38419011 PMCID: PMC10903019 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-024-17797-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2023] [Accepted: 01/17/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND A cancer diagnosis and its treatment may be an especially isolating experience. Despite evidence that positive health behaviours can improve outcomes for people living with and beyond cancer (LWBC), no studies have examined associations between loneliness and different health behaviours in this population. This study aimed to describe the prevalence of loneliness in a large sample of UK adults LWBC and to explore whether loneliness was associated with multiple health behaviours. METHODS Participants were adults (aged ≥ 18 years) diagnosed with breast, prostate or colorectal cancer who completed the Health and Lifestyle After Cancer Survey. Loneliness was reported using the UCLA loneliness score, dichotomised into higher (≥ 6) versus lower (< 6) loneliness. Engagement in moderate-to-vigorous physical activity, dietary intake, smoking status, alcohol use, and self-reported height and weight were recorded. Behaviours were coded to reflect meeting or not meeting the World Cancer Research Fund recommendations for people LWBC. Logistic regression analyses explored associations between loneliness and health behaviours. Covariates were age, sex, ethnicity, education, marital status, living situation, cancer type, spread and treatment, time since treatment, time since diagnosis and number of comorbid conditions. Multiple imputation was used to account for missing data. RESULTS 5835 participants, mean age 67.4 (standard deviation = 11.8) years, completed the survey. 56% were female (n = 3266) and 44% (n = 2553) male, and 48% (n = 2786) were living with or beyond breast cancer, 32% (n = 1839) prostate, and 21% (n = 1210) colorectal. Of 5485 who completed the loneliness scale, 81% (n = 4423) of participants reported lower and 19% (n = 1035) higher loneliness. After adjustment for confounders, those reporting higher levels of loneliness had lower odds of meeting the WCRF recommendations for moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (Odds Ratio [OR] 0.78, 95% Confidence Internal [CI], 0.67, 0.97, p =.028), fruit and vegetable intake (OR 0.81, CI 0.67, 1.00, p =.046), and smoking (OR 0.62, 0.46, 0.84, p =.003). No association was observed between loneliness and the other dietary behaviours, alcohol, or body mass index. CONCLUSIONS Loneliness is relatively common in people LWBC and may represent an unmet need. People LWBC who experience higher levels of loneliness may need additional support to improve their health behaviours.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Susan Smith
- Department of Behavioural Science and Health, University College London, Gower Street, WC1E 6BT, London, UK
| | - Phillippa Lally
- Department of Psychological Sciences, University of Surrey, GU2 7XH, Guildford, Surrey, UK
| | - Andrew Steptoe
- Department of Behavioural Science and Health, University College London, Gower Street, WC1E 6BT, London, UK
| | - Yanaina Chavez-Ugalde
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, CB2 0QQ, Cambridge, Box 285, UK
| | - Rebecca J Beeken
- Leeds Institute of Health Sciences, University of Leeds, LS2 9JT, Leeds, UK
| | - Abi Fisher
- Department of Behavioural Science and Health, University College London, Gower Street, WC1E 6BT, London, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Termaat J, Piya MK, McBride KA. Community-based care needs for adults with class III obesity before and after tertiary weight management: An exploratory study. Obes Sci Pract 2024; 10:e732. [PMID: 38213316 PMCID: PMC10782639 DOI: 10.1002/osp4.732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2023] [Revised: 11/27/2023] [Accepted: 12/04/2023] [Indexed: 01/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Objective Class 3 obesity (severe obesity) is defined by a body mass index ≥40 kg/m2. Tertiary weight-management programs (WMPs) are hospital-based multidisciplinary services that aim to support individuals with severe obesity. Severe shortage of WMPs has led to waitlists and pressure on clinicians to discharge patients. Community obesity management often fails to support patients in maintaining weight loss/health gains. This study aimed to explore the needs of patients for community-based obesity care. Methods A qualitative study was undertaken via a tertiary WMP in Sydney, Australia. Semi-structured interviews/focus groups explored perceptions of purposively sampled patients and their clinicians on the community-based support needs of people with severe obesity. Data were audio-recorded, transcribed verbatim, and then thematically analyzed. Results Eleven patients and seven clinicians were interviewed. Four themes were identified: the importance of accountability and motivation to maintain weight-loss/health gains; limitations within community-based obesity management for those with severe obesity; perspectives on structured community programs for patients transitioning into/out of tertiary WMPs; and impact of mental health, stigma, and social isolation on engagement with community-based services. Conclusions Community-based programs are needed to support those awaiting access to tertiary WMPs and to help maintain health gains once discharged. Such programs should address issues of social isolation and integrate with current models of tertiary metabolic and primary health care.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jillian Termaat
- School of MedicineWestern Sydney UniversityPenrithNew South WalesAustralia
| | - Milan K. Piya
- School of MedicineWestern Sydney UniversityPenrithNew South WalesAustralia
- South Western Sydney (SWS) Metabolic Rehabilitation and Bariatric ProgramCamden and Campbelltown HospitalsCamdenNew South WalesAustralia
- Translational Health Research InstituteWestern Sydney UniversityPenrithNew South WalesAustralia
| | - Kate A. McBride
- School of MedicineWestern Sydney UniversityPenrithNew South WalesAustralia
- Translational Health Research InstituteWestern Sydney UniversityPenrithNew South WalesAustralia
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Zhou J, Tang R, Wang X, Li X, Heianza Y, Qi L. Improvement of Social Isolation and Loneliness and Excess Mortality Risk in People With Obesity. JAMA Netw Open 2024; 7:e2352824. [PMID: 38252435 PMCID: PMC10804268 DOI: 10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2023.52824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2023] [Accepted: 12/01/2023] [Indexed: 01/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Importance Individuals with obesity experience markedly higher levels of social isolation and loneliness than those without obesity, but little is known about whether improvement of social isolation or loneliness might attenuate obesity-related excess risk of mortality. Objective To investigate whether improvement of social isolation or loneliness is associated with lower obesity-related excess risk of mortality. Design, Setting, and Participants This cohort study included individuals without cancer or cardiovascular disease (CVD) at baseline from the UK Biobank with follow-up beginning in March 2006 and ending in November 2021. Main Outcomes and Measures All-cause, cancer-related, and CVD-related mortality were estimated. Results A total of 398 972 participants were included in this study (mean [SD] age, 55.85 [8.08] years; 220 469 [55.26%] women; 13 734 [3.44%] Asian, 14 179 [3.55%] multiracial, and 363 685 [91.16%] White participants). Overall, 93 357 (23.40%) had obesity, and 305 615 (76.60%) did not. During a median (IQR) follow-up of 12.73 (12.01-13.43) years, a total of 22 872 incident deaths were recorded. Compared with participants with obesity with an index of 2 or greater for social isolation, the multivariable adjusted hazard ratios (HRs) for all-cause mortality were 0.85 (95% CI, 0.79-0.91) and 0.74 (95% CI, 0.69-0.80) for participants with obesity and a social isolation index of 1 and 0, respectively (P for trend < .001); compared with participants with obesity and an index of 2 for loneliness, the HRs and 0.97 (95% CI, 0.89-1.06) and 0.86 (95% CI, 0.79-0.94) for participants with obesity and a loneliness index of 1 and 0, respectively (P for trend < .001). As the index of social isolation and loneliness went from highest to lowest, the HR for all-cause mortality decreased by 36% and 9%, respectively, in people with obesity compared with people without obesity using the multivariable model. Social isolation was ranked higher than loneliness, depression, anxiety, and lifestyle-related risk factors including alcohol, physical activity, and healthy diet for estimating the risks of all-cause mortality, cancer-related mortality, and CVD-related mortality. Conclusions and Relevance In this cohort study of UK Biobank participants, a lower index of social isolation or loneliness was associated with a decreased risk of all-cause mortality among people with obesity, and improvement of social isolation and loneliness attenuated obesity-related excess risk of all-cause mortality.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jian Zhou
- Department of Epidemiology, Tulane University School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Rui Tang
- Department of Epidemiology, Tulane University School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana
| | - Xuan Wang
- Department of Epidemiology, Tulane University School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana
| | - Xiang Li
- Department of Epidemiology, Tulane University School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana
| | - Yoriko Heianza
- Department of Epidemiology, Tulane University School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana
| | - Lu Qi
- Department of Epidemiology, Tulane University School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Claassen K, Wrede SJS, Kettschau JP, Dos Anjos DR, Broding HC. Mental strain in German public administrations in the course of the COVID-19 pandemic. Work 2024; 78:569-577. [PMID: 38277327 DOI: 10.3233/wor-230165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND During the COVID-19 pandemic, digital working methods were increasingly implemented within the setting of German public administrations. Beyond the ostensible risk of infection, a high psychological burden arose for the employees. OBJECTIVE A subsequent progression of mental strain is to be estimated as a residual effect (approximated by controlling other influencing factors) due to the impossibility of a counterfactual control group. METHODS An online survey was conducted in 2020 and repeated in 2021 among a cohort of n = 706 employees of 38 departments of three public administrations in North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany. Mental strain was assessed by the Wuppertal Screening Instrument. Its temporal variation was operationalized as the intercept of a first-difference multiple regression model. Unit of analysis was the department level. RESULTS The prevalence of suboptimal and dysfunctional strain increased from 71% to 73%. The multiple regression model showed a significant increase whilst controlling the influence of socio-demographic changes on the department level. Children, age and educational level were significant predictors. R2 indicated that about 40% of the variance in the temporal variation of mental strain could be explained. CONCLUSION The observed factors explained a significant proportion of the increase in mental strain in German public administrations. Still, far more than half of the increase stemmed from external influences which were largely determined by pandemic conditions and latency effects remain still to be seen.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kevin Claassen
- Chair of Occupational Medicine and Corporate Health Management, Department of Human Medicine, Faculty of Health, Witten/Herdecke University, Witten, Germany
| | - Sammy J S Wrede
- Chair of Occupational Medicine and Corporate Health Management, Department of Human Medicine, Faculty of Health, Witten/Herdecke University, Witten, Germany
| | - Jan P Kettschau
- Chair of Occupational Medicine and Corporate Health Management, Department of Human Medicine, Faculty of Health, Witten/Herdecke University, Witten, Germany
| | - Dominique Rodil Dos Anjos
- Chair of Occupational Medicine and Corporate Health Management, Department of Human Medicine, Faculty of Health, Witten/Herdecke University, Witten, Germany
| | - Horst C Broding
- Chair of Occupational Medicine and Corporate Health Management, Department of Human Medicine, Faculty of Health, Witten/Herdecke University, Witten, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Kuczmarski MF, Orsega-Smith E, Evans MK, Zonderman AB. The Association of Loneliness with Diabetes Is Mediated by Physical Activity and BMI but Not Diet Quality. Nutrients 2023; 15:4923. [PMID: 38068781 PMCID: PMC10708230 DOI: 10.3390/nu15234923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2023] [Revised: 11/20/2023] [Accepted: 11/23/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Loneliness is considered a predictor of poor health through numerous pathways. Mediators of this association has not been extensively explored. The study objective was to determine if diet quality and physical activity are parallel mediators with body mass index (BMI) as the third mediator in the association of loneliness with diabetes. The sample, middle-aged and older African American and White adults, 36-77 years, participated in the second follow-up wave of the prospective Healthy Aging in Neighborhoods of Diversity across the Life Span study, 2013-2017. Loneliness was measured by the UCLA 3-item loneliness scale. Participants were categorized as not diabetic, pre-diabetic, or diabetic based on fasting blood glucose, self-reports, or taking medication for diabetes. The Mean Healthy Eating Index-2010 score was calculated from two 24 h dietary recalls collected using the USDA automated multiple pass method. Physical activity was derived from the Baecke questionnaire. The Hayes PROCESS macro, model #80, was used to perform the mediational analysis. Covariates were age, sex at birth, race, income, alcohol intake, and education. Loneliness was inversely and significantly associated with diet quality and physical activity. The only significant indirect path was loneliness > physical activity > BMI > diabetes. Better understanding of modifiable lifestyle behaviors when developing interventions may improve mental health, thereby improving health.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marie Fanelli Kuczmarski
- Laboratory of Epidemiology and Population Sciences, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA; (M.K.E.)
| | - Elizabeth Orsega-Smith
- Department of Health Behavior and Nutrition Sciences, University of Delaware, Newark, DE 19716, USA;
| | - Michele K. Evans
- Laboratory of Epidemiology and Population Sciences, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA; (M.K.E.)
| | - Alan B. Zonderman
- Laboratory of Epidemiology and Population Sciences, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA; (M.K.E.)
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Roh T, Uyamasi K, Aggarwal A, Obeng A, Carrillo G. Association between e-cigarette use and asthma among US adolescents: Youth Risk Behavior Surveillance System 2015-2019. Prev Med 2023; 175:107695. [PMID: 37666307 DOI: 10.1016/j.ypmed.2023.107695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2023] [Revised: 08/30/2023] [Accepted: 09/01/2023] [Indexed: 09/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Previous studies have suggested that e-cigarette use, which has increased rapidly among US adolescents, may cause respiratory distress. This cross-sectional study aimed to investigate the factors associated with e-cigarette use and the relationship between e-cigarette use and asthma among US adolescents. METHODS Data from the Youth Risk Behavior Surveillance System between 2015 and 2019 were analyzed, and multivariable logistic regression was used to identify demographic and behavioral factors associated with e-cigarette use. Stratified analyses were conducted to assess the relationship between e-cigarette use and asthma among adolescents by previous combustible product use. RESULTS This study found that Hispanic adolescents had lower odds of e-cigarette use than White adolescents in Texas, with factors such as age, substance use, and depression being associated with use. In the US, male gender, previous combustible and substance use, and depression were associated with higher odds of ever using e-cigarettes, while current use was associated with several factors including age and White race. E-cigarette use was significantly associated with asthma among adolescents who have never used combustible products in both Texas and the entire US after adjusting for covariates (OR 1.32, 95% CI 1.06-1.66 and OR 1.18, 95% CI 1.02-1.37, respectively). CONCLUSION The findings from this study can be used to inform public health strategies and policies aimed at reducing e-cigarette use and its associated health risks among adolescents.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Taehyun Roh
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA
| | - Kido Uyamasi
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA
| | - Anisha Aggarwal
- Department of Health Behavior, School of Public Health, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA
| | - Alexander Obeng
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, School of Public Health, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA
| | - Genny Carrillo
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, School of Public Health, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Ayele AN, Mekonen AG, Seid A, Mitikie EG, Abayneh AD, Haile MT. Predictors of obesity among school-age children in Debre Berhan City, Ethiopia. PLOS GLOBAL PUBLIC HEALTH 2023; 3:e0001895. [PMID: 37682830 PMCID: PMC10490846 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgph.0001895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2022] [Accepted: 08/14/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Obesity causes a serious diet-related chronic disease, including type-2 diabetes, cardiovascular disease, hypertension, osteoarthritis, and certain forms of cancer. In Sub- Saharan Africa including Ethiopia, most nutritional interventions mainly focused on a child undernutrition and ignored the impacts of obesity among children. In Ethiopia, the magnitude and associated factors of obesity among school-age children were not clearly described. Therefore this study assesses the predictors of obesity among school- age children in Debre Berhan City, Ethiopia, 2022. METHODS A cross-sectional study design was conducted from June to July, 2022. Participants were selected by using multistage sampling method. Data were collected using pre-tested and structured questions. Data were coded and entered in Epi-data version 4.6 and exported and analyzed using SPSS version 25. RESULT A total of 600 children were participating in the study. The prevalence of obesity was 10.7% (95% CI: 8.3, 13.2). In this study, attending at private school (AOR = 4.24, 95% CI: 1.58, 11.32), children aged between 10-12years (AOR = 2.67, 95% CI: 1.30, 5.48), soft drink available in home (AOR = 2.27, 95% CI: 1.25,18.13), Loneliness (AOR = 1.67 95% CI: 1.12, 3.15) and mothers with occupational status of daily labour (AOR = 8.54 95% CI: 1.12, 65.39) were significantly associated with childhood obesity. CONCLUSION In this study, the overall magnitude of childhood obesity was (10.7%) which means one in eleven children and relatively high as compare to the EDHS survey. Therefore, more attention should be given to strengthening physical activities, providing nutritional education, and creating community awareness about healthy diets as well as other preventive measures.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Abebe Nigussie Ayele
- Department of Nursing, Debre Berhan University, Asrate Woldeyes Health Science Campus, Debre Berhan, Ethiopia
| | - Alemayehu Gonie Mekonen
- Department of Nursing, Debre Berhan University, Asrate Woldeyes Health Science Campus, Debre Berhan, Ethiopia
| | - AbdulWahhab Seid
- Department of Nursing, Debre Berhan University, Asrate Woldeyes Health Science Campus, Debre Berhan, Ethiopia
| | | | - Abrham Demis Abayneh
- Department of Midwifery, Debre Berhan Health Science College, Debre Berhan, Ethiopia
| | - Mitiku Tefera Haile
- Department of Midwifery, Debre Berhan Health Science College, Debre Berhan, Ethiopia
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Özdemir AA, Türkben H. The relationship between weight self-stigma, depression and loneliness in people with obesity. Afr Health Sci 2023; 23:696-704. [PMID: 38357107 PMCID: PMC10862624 DOI: 10.4314/ahs.v23i3.80] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/16/2024] Open
Abstract
The research was conducted to determine the level of weight self-stigma, depression loneliness and whether is there a relationship between them. This was a descriptive correlational study. The study was conducted in a diet outpatient clinic of a university hospital. Participants had moderate weight self-stigma, depression and loneliness. Weight self-stigma sub-dimensions self-devaluation (β=0.28; p<0.001) and fear of enacted stigma (β=0.28; p<0.001) equally predicted depression. Fear of enacted stigma predicted social loneliness negatively (β=-.44; p<0.001). Fear of enacted stigma (β =.16, p<.005) and depression (β =.44, p<.001) predicted emotional loneliness positively. Weight self-stigma was positively correlated with depression and loneliness (p<0.001).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Aysel A Özdemir
- Department of Nursing, Faculty of Health Sciences, Turgut Özal University Malatya/ Turkey
| | - Hilal Türkben
- Department of Nursing, Seydişehir Kamil Akkanat Faculty of Health Sciences Necmettin Erbakan University Konya/Turkey
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Loh YL, Yaw QP, Lau Y. Social media-based interventions for adults with obesity and overweight: a meta-analysis and meta-regression. Int J Obes (Lond) 2023:10.1038/s41366-023-01304-6. [PMID: 37012428 PMCID: PMC10069737 DOI: 10.1038/s41366-023-01304-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2022] [Revised: 03/20/2023] [Accepted: 03/22/2023] [Indexed: 04/05/2023]
Abstract
Social isolation and loneliness are growing public health concerns in adults with obesity and overweight. Social media-based interventions may be a promising approach. This systematic review aims to (1) evaluate the effectiveness of social media-based interventions on weight, body mass index, waist circumference, fat, energy intake and physical activity among adults with obesity and overweight and (2) explore potential covariates on treatment effect. Eight databases, namely, PubMed, Cochrane Library, Embase, CINAHL, Web of Science, Scopus PsycINFO and ProQuest, were searched from inception until December 31, 2021. The Cochrane Collaboration Risk of Bias Tool and Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development and Evaluation criteria evaluated the evidence quality. Twenty-eight randomised controlled trials were identified. Meta-analyses found that social media-based interventions had small-to-medium significant effects on weight, BMI, waist circumference, body fat mass and daily steps. Subgroup analysis found greater effect in interventions without published protocol or not registered in trial registries than their counterparts. Meta-regression analysis showed that duration of intervention was a significant covariate. The certainty of evidence quality of all outcomes was very low or low. Social media-based interventions can be considered an adjunct intervention for weight management. Future trials with large sample sizes and follow-up assessment are needed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yue Lun Loh
- Alice Lee Centre for Nursing Studies, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Qin Ping Yaw
- Alice Lee Centre for Nursing Studies, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Ying Lau
- Alice Lee Centre for Nursing Studies, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Ahmed M, Cerda I, Maloof M. Breaking the vicious cycle: The interplay between loneliness, metabolic illness, and mental health. Front Psychiatry 2023; 14:1134865. [PMID: 36970267 PMCID: PMC10030736 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2023.1134865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2022] [Accepted: 02/24/2023] [Indexed: 03/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Loneliness, or perceived social isolation, is a leading predictor of all-cause mortality and is increasingly considered a public health epidemic afflicting significant portions of the general population. Chronic loneliness is itself associated with two of the most pressing public health epidemics currently facing the globe: the rise of mental illness and metabolic health disorders. Here, we highlight the epidemiological associations between loneliness and mental and metabolic health disorders and argue that loneliness contributes to the etiology of these conditions by acting as a chronic stressor that leads to neuroendocrine dysregulation and downstream immunometabolic consequences that manifest in disease. Specifically, we describe how loneliness can lead to overactivation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis and ultimately cause mitochondrial dysfunction, which is implicated in mental and metabolic disease. These conditions can, in turn, lead to further social isolation and propel a vicious cycle of chronic illness. Finally, we outline interventions and policy recommendations that can reduce loneliness at both the individual and community levels. Given its role in the etiology of the most prevalent chronic diseases of our time, focusing resources on alleviating loneliness is a vitally important and cost-effective public health strategy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Minhal Ahmed
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Ivo Cerda
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Molly Maloof
- Adamo Bioscience, Inc., Fernandina Beach, FL, United States
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Lam BCC, Lim AYL, Chan SL, Yum MPS, Koh NSY, Finkelstein EA. The impact of obesity: a narrative review. Singapore Med J 2023; 64:163-171. [PMID: 36876622 PMCID: PMC10071857 DOI: 10.4103/singaporemedj.smj-2022-232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/05/2023]
Abstract
Obesity is a disease with a major negative impact on human health. However, people with obesity may not perceive their weight to be a significant problem and less than half of patients with obesity are advised by their physicians to lose weight. The purpose of this review is to highlight the importance of managing overweight and obesity by discussing the adverse consequences and impact of obesity. In summary, obesity is strongly related to >50 medical conditions, with many of them having evidence from Mendelian randomisation studies to support causality. The clinical, social and economic burdens of obesity are considerable, with these burdens potentially impacting future generations as well. This review highlights the adverse health and economic consequences of obesity and the importance of an urgent and concerted effort towards the prevention and management of obesity to reduce the burden of obesity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin Chih Chiang Lam
- Family and Community Medicine, Khoo Teck Puat Hospital; Integrated Care for Obesity and Diabetes, Khoo Teck Puat Hospital, Singapore
| | - Amanda Yuan Ling Lim
- Singapore Association for the Study of Obesity; Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, National University Hospital, Singapore
| | - Soo Ling Chan
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Ng Teng Fong General Hospital, Singapore
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
19
|
Untas A, Lamore K, Delestre F, Lehéricey G, Giral P, Cappe E. Psychosocial effects of hypnosis in patients with obesity: a pilot randomized controlled trial. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL HYPNOSIS 2023; 65:281-298. [PMID: 36689247 DOI: 10.1080/00029157.2022.2152308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
The usefulness of hypnosis in patients with obesity needs to be better understood in terms of various outcomes, in addition to weight loss. The aim of this research was to investigate the effects of hypnosis and self-hypnosis in combination with nutrition education for patients with obesity, as opposed to nutrition education alone, on the secondary outcomes of quality of life (QoL), coping strategies, and self-esteem within a randomized controlled trial (RCT). Eighty-two participants were included in this study (84.3% were women), with 41 in each group. Further, 70 participants had completed treatment. The intervention consisted of eight group sessions (about one every two weeks). Participants completed self-reported questionnaires assessing their QoL, coping strategies, and self-esteem (SF-36, CISS, SEI) before and after the intervention. Non-parametric analyses were performed. Both groups had comparable characteristics at inclusion (sociodemographic information, clinical information, and scores for the self-reported scales). At eight months (i.e. two months after intervention completion), patients from the hypnosis group used more task-oriented coping (p < .001), less emotion-oriented coping (p < .01) and distraction (p < .05), and had more energy/less fatigue (p < .001) compared to the group who did not undergo hypnosis. Other improvements were observed in the hypnosis group, but there were no significant differences compared with the non-hypnosis group in terms of QoL dimensions and general self-esteem. In conclusion, hypnosis and self-hypnosis in combination with nutrition education seem to be promising interventions to help patients deal with obesity, especially by improving their coping strategies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Aurélie Untas
- Laboratoire de Psychopathologie et Processus de Santé, Université Paris Cité, Boulogne-Billancourt, France
| | - Kristopher Lamore
- Laboratoire de Psychopathologie et Processus de Santé, Université Paris Cité, Boulogne-Billancourt, France
| | | | | | | | - Emilie Cappe
- Laboratoire de Psychopathologie et Processus de Santé, Université Paris Cité, Boulogne-Billancourt, France.,Institut universitaire de France (IUF), Paris, France
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Support Needs and Coping Strategies in Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease (NAFLD): A Multidisciplinary Approach to Potential Unmet Challenges beyond Pharmacological Treatment. LIVERS 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/livers3010001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is the most frequently occurring chronic liver disease, affecting approximately 25–30% of the adult general population worldwide. NAFLD reflects excess hepatic accumulation of fat in the absence of increased alcohol intake, and, due to its close association with obesity, is frequently referred to as the ‘hepatic manifestation’ of metabolic syndrome. Indeed, a high percentage of individuals with NAFLD present with a combination of the cardio-metabolic comorbidities that are associated with the metabolic syndrome. In addition to its well-established link with the metabolic syndrome and increased risk for cardiovascular disease, NAFLD has also been associated with certain mental health issues (e.g., depression and stress). Although this link is now being increasingly recognized, there are still unmet needs regarding the holistic management of patients with NAFLD, which could further contribute to feelings of social isolation and loneliness. The latter conditions are also increasingly reported to pose a substantial risk to overall health and quality of life. To date, there is limited research that has explored these issues among patients with NAFLD, despite existing data which indicate that perceived loneliness and isolation may pose an additional health risk. Notably, many features associated with NAFLD have been related to these concepts, such as perceived stigma, fatigue, stress, and confusion regarding this diagnosis. As such, this review aimed to assess such potential problems faced by patients with NAFLD, and to explore the possibility of unmet support needs which could lead to perceived social isolation. Moreover, the importance of a compassionate approach towards such patients is discussed, together with potential coping strategies. Future research directions and the need for a multidisciplinary approach are also highlighted.
Collapse
|
21
|
Pavlova NT, Ramasawmy C, Picariello F, Smith C, Moss‐Morris R. ‘I don't know which is the chicken and which is the egg’: A qualitative study of weight loss‐related beliefs and behaviours among adults with psoriasis and comorbid obesity. Br J Health Psychol 2022; 28:532-551. [PMID: 36484107 DOI: 10.1111/bjhp.12639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2022] [Revised: 09/12/2022] [Accepted: 11/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Obesity is a common (30%-40%) comorbidity of psoriasis. Weight loss is shown to improve the severity of psoriasis; however, little is known about the factors that may influence successful weight loss in the context of obesity and psoriasis. The current qualitative study aimed to explore the obesity-associated beliefs, perceptions, and behaviours related to weight loss in psoriasis. Preferences for a weight loss intervention were also explored. DESIGN Qualitative in-depth semi-structured interviews were conducted with 24 adults (62.5% male) with moderate-to-severe psoriasis and obesity (mean body mass index = 35.2 kg/m2 , SD = 4.1), recruited through a patient organization website in the UK. Data were analysed using inductive thematic analysis. RESULTS Most participants viewed psoriasis as unrelated to obesity. A well-controlled psoriasis and improvements in psoriasis symptoms were considered as major motivators for engaging in a weight loss program by individuals who viewed psoriasis and obesity as related conditions. Comfort eating was perceived as an escape strategy from the psoriasis-induced negative emotions. Participants shared their dissatisfaction with current weight loss recommendations which were too generic. They suggested that a desirable weight loss program would require both emotional and behavioural support, with an emphasis on psoriasis' burden. CONCLUSION The findings accentuate the importance of (1) clinicians discussing the link between obesity and psoriasis with patients, (2) weight loss advice to include both behavioural and emotional support, and (3) a weight loss advice to consider the psoriasis burden and the perceived barriers which may potentially lead to improved outcomes to obesity management in psoriasis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Neli T. Pavlova
- Health Psychology Section, Psychology Department, Institute of Psychiatry Psychology and Neuroscience King's College London London UK
| | - Celeny Ramasawmy
- Health Psychology Section, Psychology Department, Institute of Psychiatry Psychology and Neuroscience King's College London London UK
| | - Federica Picariello
- Health Psychology Section, Psychology Department, Institute of Psychiatry Psychology and Neuroscience King's College London London UK
| | - Catherine Smith
- Health Psychology Section, Psychology Department, Institute of Psychiatry Psychology and Neuroscience King's College London London UK
- St John's Institute of Dermatology Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust London UK
| | - Rona Moss‐Morris
- Health Psychology Section, Psychology Department, Institute of Psychiatry Psychology and Neuroscience King's College London London UK
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Zhang BG, Qian XF. Weight self-stigma and engagement among obese students in a physical education class. Front Psychol 2022; 13:1035827. [PMID: 36425828 PMCID: PMC9679520 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2022.1035827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2022] [Accepted: 10/03/2022] [Indexed: 09/20/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND This is a cross-sectional in design. It involves the mediating effects of basic psychological need satisfaction in relation to the moderating effects of teacher autonomy support regarding weight self-stigma's effect on engagement among obese students in physical education classes. METHODS This study includes 165 Chinese high school obese students [mean age, 16.84 (±0.147) years], comprising 93 males (56.63%) and 72 females (43.63%), with a mean body mass index (BMI) of 30.453 (SD = 2.426). Participants completed the weight self-stigma questionnaire, basic psychological need satisfaction questionnaire, teacher autonomy support questionnaire, and student engagement questionnaire. RESULTS Weight self-stigma and engagement among obese students were mediated by basic psychological need satisfaction. Moreover, the mediated effect of basic psychological need satisfaction was moderated by teacher autonomy support. CONCLUSION Weight self-stigma and basic psychological need satisfaction are the antecedents influencing the engagement of obese students. Notably, weight self-stigma not only directly blocks the engagement of obese students but also their engagement by hindering the acquisition of basic psychological need satisfaction. Teacher autonomy support can significantly reduce the negative impact of weight self-stigma on basic psychological need satisfaction and significantly promote engagement. Therefore, by promoting their physical education engagement, physical education teachers should strengthen the application of their supportive autonomous teaching strategies to help obese students meet their basic psychological needs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bao Gen Zhang
- School of Physical Education and Health, Zhao Qing University, Zhao Qing, China
| | - Xiao Fang Qian
- Department of Physical Education, School of Humanities, Zhao Qing Medical College, Zhao Qing, China
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Endo S, Kasuga H, Yusuke M, Hidaka T, Kakamu T, Fukushima T. Reliability and validity of the Japanese version of the weight bias internalization scale. BMC Res Notes 2022; 15:333. [PMID: 36273190 PMCID: PMC9588207 DOI: 10.1186/s13104-022-06221-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2022] [Accepted: 09/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective The weight bias internalization scale (WBIS) is widely used in several languages. However, there is no Japanese version of the WBIS. The purpose of this study is to develop a Japanese version of the WBIS and to verify its reliability and validity. We translated the original version of the WBIS and had approval from the scale developer. Adults who perceived themselves to be obese completed online baseline survey (N = 285) and two-week follow-up survey (N = 100). We used the Japanese WBIS and scales for obesity-related quality of life, self-esteem, self-efficacy, and depression. We calculated Cronbach’s alpha and intra-class correlation coefficient (ICC) to assess reliability of the WBIS and conducted confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) and correlation analysis to assess its validity. Results Cronbach’s alpha was 0.91 at baseline and 0.92 at follow-up, and the ICC was 0.87. CFA showed that a one-factor model demonstrated an acceptable fit (χ2 (44) = 158.6, CFI = 0.93, RMSEA = 0.096, SRMR = 0.051), similar to the original version. As we had hypothesized, overall, the Japanese version of the WBIS was significantly correlated with obesity-related quality of life, self-esteem, self-efficacy, and depression. These results confirmed its adequate reliability and validity. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s13104-022-06221-x.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shota Endo
- Department of Hygiene and Preventive Medicine, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine, Hikarigaoka 1, 960-1295, Fukushima, Japan.
| | - Hideaki Kasuga
- Department of Hygiene and Preventive Medicine, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine, Hikarigaoka 1, 960-1295, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Masuishi Yusuke
- Department of Hygiene and Preventive Medicine, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine, Hikarigaoka 1, 960-1295, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Tomoo Hidaka
- Department of Hygiene and Preventive Medicine, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine, Hikarigaoka 1, 960-1295, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Takeyasu Kakamu
- Department of Hygiene and Preventive Medicine, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine, Hikarigaoka 1, 960-1295, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Tetsuhito Fukushima
- Department of Hygiene and Preventive Medicine, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine, Hikarigaoka 1, 960-1295, Fukushima, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Martín-Rodríguez A, Tornero-Aguilera JF, López-Pérez PJ, Clemente-Suárez VJ. Overweight and executive functions, psychological and behavioral profile of Spanish adolescents. Physiol Behav 2022; 254:113901. [PMID: 35810837 DOI: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2022.113901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2022] [Revised: 05/24/2022] [Accepted: 06/08/2022] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
The prevalence of overweight and obesity among children and adolescents has risen dramatically increasing a major risk factor for non-communicable diseases and cognitive dysfunctions. This study aimed to analyze differences in the executive function´s development between overweight and normal-weight adolescents. As a secondary objective, we aimed to assess differences in adolescents' psychological and behavioral profiles between groups. In order to achieve the study's aim, 105 adolescent students (17.61 ± 7.43 years) completed an online questionnaire that analyzed variables regarding their executive functions' processes, their psychological and physical health as well as lifestyle habits. Results showed that executive functions development is associated with adolescent weight. A higher range of weight presents a lower ability to assess abstract reasoning and to shift cognitive strategies. Nevertheless, no differences were found between groups in the capacity to hold information in mind nor the ability to control impulsive responses. Furthermore, groups showed differences in the number of meals and gastritis, but no significant differences have been found in lifestyle variables such as mobile usage, smoking, physical activity, and hours of sleep per day. The results from the present study could be used to implement multidisciplinary programs to develop healthier habits.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - P Javier López-Pérez
- Facultad de Ciencias Sociales y Humanas, Universidad de la Costa, Barranquilla, 080002 Colombia
| | - Vicente Javier Clemente-Suárez
- Universidad Europea de Madrid. Faculty of Sports Sciences. Tajo Street, s/n, Madrid, 28670 Spain; Grupo de Investigación en Cultura, Educación y Sociedad, Universidad de la Costa, Barranquilla 080002, Colombia.
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Graham C, Frisco M. The relationship between obesity and suicide ideation among young adults in the United States. SSM Popul Health 2022; 18:101106. [PMID: 35539364 PMCID: PMC9079098 DOI: 10.1016/j.ssmph.2022.101106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2021] [Revised: 02/13/2022] [Accepted: 04/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The prevalence of both obesity and suicide ideation has risen in the last several decades among young adults in the United States (U.S.). Obesity is highly stigmatized in the U.S. and leads to discrimination and societal rejection, which suggests that obesity may increase the risk of suicide ideation. However, no U.S. population-representative studies to date have investigated the relationship between body weight and suicide ideation among young adults. We make this contribution by analyzing data from Wave III of the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent to Adult Health (Add Health). Our results indicate obesity is not related to suicide ideation among young men or young women and overweight young men have lower odds of suicide ideation than normal weight young men. We speculate that these findings may be attributable to the very high U.S. overweight and obesity prevalence, which has made obesity more common despite stigmatization. First nationally representative study of young adults' weight and suicide ideation. Obesity is not associated with suicide ideation among U.S. young men and women. Overweight is associated with a lower risk of suicide ideation among young men.
Collapse
|
26
|
Tong TJ, Mohammadnezhad M, Alqahtani NS, Salusalu M. Perception of School Committee Members (SCMs) on Factors Contributing to Overweight and Obesity Among High School Students in Kiribati: A Qualitative Study. Front Public Health 2022; 10:754111. [PMID: 35480577 PMCID: PMC9035840 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2022.754111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2021] [Accepted: 03/14/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Schools are vital settings for overweight and obesity prevention among children and adolescents. School Committee Members (SCMs) are crucial assets to engaging students with overweight and obesity prevention programs. This study aimed to determine factors contributing to overweight and obesity among high school students in Kiribati through the perception of SCMs. Methods This prospective qualitative study was conducted in four randomly selected senior high schools in South Tarawa, Kiribati, from August to November 2020. With a purposive selection of 20 SCMs employed at the four high schools, both male and female participants consented to participate in the study. A semi-structured open-ended questionnaire was used for data collection using focus group discussions (FGDs). Data were transcribed and analyzed using the thematic analysis method. Results Twenty participants were involved in FGDs with equal number of SCMs (n = 5) who attended FGDs for each school and 45% of them were female participants. Six themes were identified, namely, knowledge, behaviors, perceived status toward overweight and obesity, perceived action benefits, perceived barriers to practices, and proposed strategies to overweight and obesity prevention. These themes reveal that SCMs have a broad understanding and skill set for overweight and obesity causes and effects. However, the aptitude alone is not enough to prevent the occurrence, and thus, proposed feasible plans were voiced for responsible stakeholders to include in policy developments for overweight and obesity prevention. Conclusion This study recognized that the knowledge-behavior gap is the main reason behind the failure in preventative strategic approaches among adolescents. As role models to students, SCMs and their schools should team up in implementing the public health policies and building mutual awareness and understanding with students and other specialist stakeholders for a more momentous and viable impact.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tanebu J. Tong
- Department of Public Health, Ministry of Health and Medical Services, South Tarawa, Kiribati
| | - Masoud Mohammadnezhad
- School of Public Health and Primary Care, Fiji National University, Suva, Fiji
- *Correspondence: Masoud Mohammadnezhad
| | | | - Mosese Salusalu
- School of Public Health and Primary Care, Fiji National University, Suva, Fiji
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Gribsholt SB, Farkas DK, Thomsen RW, Richelsen B, Sørensen HT. Mortality Among Danish Patients with a Hospital Diagnosis of Overweight or Obesity Over a 40-Year Period. Clin Epidemiol 2022; 14:309-325. [PMID: 35313653 PMCID: PMC8933862 DOI: 10.2147/clep.s350459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2021] [Accepted: 02/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Sigrid Bjerge Gribsholt
- Department of Endocrinology and Internal Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
- Steno Diabetes Center, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
- Correspondence: Sigrid Bjerge Gribsholt, Tel +4561651148, Email
| | - Dóra Körmendiné Farkas
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Aarhus University Hospital and Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Reimar Wernich Thomsen
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Aarhus University Hospital and Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Bjørn Richelsen
- Department of Endocrinology and Internal Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
- Steno Diabetes Center, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Henrik Toft Sørensen
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Aarhus University Hospital and Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Minakhmetova A, Pyanova E, Martynova V. Attitude to health as an indicator of basic needs satisfaction among overweight female teachers. BIO WEB OF CONFERENCES 2022. [DOI: 10.1051/bioconf/20224801019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
In modern conditions, the study of self-attitude and attitude to health among middle-aged overweight women is relevant in practical terms, since it is an important condition for full psychological health. This paper aims to study attitude to health as an indicator of basic needs satisfaction among overweight teachers. Body mass index, attitude to health, and satisfaction of needs were taken as the major parameters for the analysis of empirical materials. The study involved fifty female teachers aged from 31 to 34. It was revealed that the system-forming component of overweight women is “the need for safety”. The research results can be used by psychologists and fitness instructors in the development of correctional approaches, educational programs on a healthy lifestyle, training sessions, weight management programs, as well as during the consulting of female teachers.
Collapse
|
29
|
AlNowaiser MW, Harakati AM, Bakraa RM, Alamoudi MM, Nour RZ, Alhuthayli RS, Banjer AY, AlAgha AE. Psychological impact of overweight/obesity among pediatric age group before and during COVID-19 lockdown in Saudi Arabia. Ann Afr Med 2022; 21:82-90. [PMID: 35313411 PMCID: PMC9020626 DOI: 10.4103/aam.aam_108_20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives: Obesity is a primary public health concern in Saudi Arabia. The COVID-19 pandemic has profoundly affected people's lives, putting considerable pressure on children and adolescents, leading to psychological problems. Therefore, we aimed to assess obesity's psychological and behavioral impact among children and adolescents before and during the COVID-19 lockdown in Jeddah. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted in the pediatric endocrine outpatient clinic at King Abdulaziz University Hospital(KAUH). The sample included 360 participants. Data were collected through clinical interviews by telecommunication from April to June 2020. Demographic factors and answers to questions about behavior, feelings, and daily life (pre and during home quarantine) were assessed against the participants’ body mass index (BMI) and reported daily life difficulties. The BMI standard deviation was calculated based on the Center of Disease Control and Prevention standards. Results: Compared to other groups, a significantly higher percentage of overweight/obese participants reported low self-confidence (22.1%), 61.7% reported that their friends or family rarely bullied or picked on them and 66.4% reported that the people who they lived with rarely made fun of or bullied them due to their weight before home quarantine. Conclusion: Children with a higher BMI reported lower self-confidence than their average weight peers before home quarantine. However, a higher BMI did not increase the risk of being bullied by family members and friends. The majority of the participants changed for the worse in every research aspect during quarantine.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maha Walid AlNowaiser
- Undergraduate Student, Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Amal Maher Harakati
- Undergraduate Student, Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Reem Medhat Bakraa
- Undergraduate Student, Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Remaz Zuhair Nour
- Undergraduate Student, Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Aisha Yaseen Banjer
- Undergraduate Student, Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdulmoein Eid AlAgha
- Professor, Department of Pediatrics, Endocrine and Diabetes, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Chen DR, Lu HH. Social alienation of adolescents with obesity in classrooms: A multilevel approach. J Adolesc 2022; 94:81-91. [PMID: 35353406 DOI: 10.1002/jad.12001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2021] [Accepted: 12/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Adolescents with obesity are more likely to be isolated by peers, but whether they also choose to disengage from their peers remains unclear. METHODS This study examined a sample of 646 adolescents between the age of 13 and 16 across 34 classrooms in 3 junior high schools in Taiwan, with data collected from May to June 2019. The sociometric network nomination method assessed peer relationships, such as unpopularity, unsociability, and alienation. Multilevel models were applied to explore the extent to which the class-level prevalence of overweight and obesity and peer support moderate the relationship between student-level obesity and peer relationships. RESULTS Overall, students with obesity were more likely to experience unpopularity, unsociability, and alienation from their peers in classroom settings (adjusted odds ratio [AOR] = 1.904, 2.208, 2.777, p < .05). Regardless of their obesity status, students in high classroom peer support were less likely to report unsociability (AOR = 0.124, p < .05). No cross-level interactions were observed, indicating that students with obesity did not experience a reduction of peer rejection in high peer support classrooms. Neither did obese students in classrooms with higher rates of overweight and obesity. CONCLUSIONS Students with obesity were more likely to experience interpersonal problems. Classroom peer support can increase peer acceptance for typical students but has no beneficial influence on adolescents with weight problems. Classroom peer support needs to be directed to become adequate support for students with obesity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Duan-Rung Chen
- Institute of Health Behaviors and Community Sciences, College of Public Health, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Hsin-Hui Lu
- Department of Psychology, College of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Yazıcı D, Fersahoğlu MM, Fersahoğlu T, Bulut NE, Çiğiltepe H, Çeler Ö, Sancak S, Sulu C, Durcan E, Şahin S, Polat Korkmaz Ö, Bozdoğan Polat SH, Taşkın E, İşeri C, Gürsoy E, Küçük Yetgin M, Kaya T, Özdemir F, Mestanoğlu İstanbullu N, Kıyıcı S, Öztürk S, Güngör K, Can B, Sargın M, Tabak Z, Averi S, Nazlı A, Polat Y, Akbas F, Tekin S, Topaloğlu Ö, Boz Uzaldı E, Çatalçam S, Bayraktaroğlu T, Çalıkoğlu BF, Nasifova V, Soyluk Selçukbiricik Ö, Karşıdağ K, Sezer H, Özışık S, Bulut H, Bekdemir B, Deyneli O, Dinçer C, Gogas Yavuz D, İlkova H, Yumuk VD. Status of Weight Change, Lifestyle Behaviors, Depression, Anxiety, and Diabetes Mellitus in a Cohort with Obesity during the COVID-19 Lockdown: Turk-Com Study Group. Obes Facts 2022; 15:528-539. [PMID: 35545017 PMCID: PMC9372476 DOI: 10.1159/000522658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2021] [Accepted: 02/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic led to a lockdown period. Confinement periods have been related to unhealthy lifestyle behaviors. Our study aimed to determine weight change, changes in eating and exercise habits, the presence of depression and anxiety, and diabetes mellitus (DM) status in a cohort of patients with obesity. METHODS The study was undertaken in nine centers of Collaborative Obesity Management (COM) of the European Association for the Study of Obesity (EASO) in Turkey. An e-survey about weight change, eating habits, physical activity status, DM status, depression, and anxiety was completed by patients. The International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ) score was used to determine physical activity in terms of metabolic equivalents (METs). A healthy nutrition coefficient was calculated from the different categories of food consumption. The Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9) and General Anxiety Disorder (GAD-7) Questionnaire were used for determining depression and anxiety, respectively. RESULTS Four hundred twenty-two patients (age 45 ± 12.7 years, W/M = 350/72) were included. The healthy nutrition coefficient before the pandemic was 38.9 ± 6.2 and decreased to 38.1 ± 6.4 during the pandemic (p < 0.001). Two hundred twenty-nine (54.8%) patients gained weight, 54 (12.9%) were weight neutral, and 135 (32.3%) lost weight. Patients in the weight loss group had higher MET scores and higher healthy nutrition coefficients compared with the weight gain and weight-neutral groups (p < 0.001). The PHQ and GAD scores were not different between the groups. Percent weight loss was related to healthy nutrition coefficient (CI: 0.884 [0.821-0.951], p = 0.001) and MET categories (CI: 0.408 [0.222-0.748], p = 0.004). One hundred seventy patients had DM. Considering glycemic control, only 12 (8.4%) had fasting blood glucose <100 mg/dL and 36 (25.2%) had postprandial BG <160 mg/dL. When patients with and without DM were compared in terms of dietary compliance, MET category, weight loss status, PHQ-9 scores, and GAD-7 scores, only MET categories were different; 29 (11.7%) of patients in the nondiabetic group were in the highly active group compared with 5 (2.9%) in the diabetic group. CONCLUSION The COVID-19 lockdown resulted in weight gain in about half of our patients, which was related to changes in physical activity and eating habits. Patients with DM who had moderate glycemic control were similar to the general population in terms of weight loss but were less active.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dilek Yazıcı
- Koç University Medical School COM (EASO Collaborating Centre for Obesity Management), Istanbul, Turkey
- *Dilek Yazıcı,
| | - Mehmet Mahir Fersahoğlu
- Health Sciences University Fatih Sultan Mehmet Education and Research Hospital COM, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Tuba Fersahoğlu
- Health Sciences University Fatih Sultan Mehmet Education and Research Hospital COM, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Nuriye Esen Bulut
- Health Sciences University Fatih Sultan Mehmet Education and Research Hospital COM, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Hüseyin Çiğiltepe
- Health Sciences University Fatih Sultan Mehmet Education and Research Hospital COM, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Özgen Çeler
- Health Sciences University Fatih Sultan Mehmet Education and Research Hospital COM, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Seda Sancak
- Health Sciences University Fatih Sultan Mehmet Education and Research Hospital COM, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Cem Sulu
- Cerrahpaşa Medical Faculty COM, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Emre Durcan
- Cerrahpaşa Medical Faculty COM, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Serdar Şahin
- Cerrahpaşa Medical Faculty COM, Istanbul, Turkey
| | | | | | - Eren Taşkın
- Cerrahpaşa Medical Faculty COM, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Ceren İşeri
- Cerrahpaşa Medical Faculty COM, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Evren Gürsoy
- Cerrahpaşa Medical Faculty COM, Istanbul, Turkey
| | | | - Tuğba Kaya
- Health Sciences University Bursa Yİ Education and Research Hospital COM, Bursa, Turkey
| | - Feyza Özdemir
- Health Sciences University Bursa Yİ Education and Research Hospital COM, Bursa, Turkey
| | | | - Sinem Kıyıcı
- Health Sciences University Bursa Yİ Education and Research Hospital COM, Bursa, Turkey
| | - Serkan Öztürk
- Medeniyet University Göztepe Education and Research Hospital COM, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Kağan Güngör
- Medeniyet University Göztepe Education and Research Hospital COM, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Bülent Can
- Medeniyet University Göztepe Education and Research Hospital COM, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Mehmet Sargın
- Medeniyet University Göztepe Education and Research Hospital COM, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Zeynep Tabak
- Health Sciences University Istanbul Education and Research Hospital COM, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Sevda Averi
- Health Sciences University Istanbul Education and Research Hospital COM, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Aysun Nazlı
- Health Sciences University Istanbul Education and Research Hospital COM, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Yeliz Polat
- Health Sciences University Istanbul Education and Research Hospital COM, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Feray Akbas
- Health Sciences University Istanbul Education and Research Hospital COM, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Sakin Tekin
- Bülent Ecevit University Medical Faculty COM, Zonguldak, Turkey
| | | | - Ebru Boz Uzaldı
- Bülent Ecevit University Medical Faculty COM, Zonguldak, Turkey
| | - Safiye Çatalçam
- Bülent Ecevit University Medical Faculty COM, Zonguldak, Turkey
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Havva Sezer
- Koç University Medical School COM (EASO Collaborating Centre for Obesity Management), Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Seçil Özışık
- Koç University Medical School COM (EASO Collaborating Centre for Obesity Management), Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Hande Bulut
- Koç University Medical School COM (EASO Collaborating Centre for Obesity Management), Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Bahar Bekdemir
- Koç University Medical School COM (EASO Collaborating Centre for Obesity Management), Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Oğuzhan Deyneli
- Koç University Medical School COM (EASO Collaborating Centre for Obesity Management), Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Ceyda Dinçer
- Marmara University Medical Faculty COM, Istanbul, Turkey
| | | | - Hasan İlkova
- Cerrahpaşa Medical Faculty COM, Istanbul, Turkey
| | | |
Collapse
|
32
|
Belau MH, Becher H, Kraemer A. Loneliness as a mediator of social relationships and health-related quality of life among refugees living in North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany. BMC Public Health 2021; 21:2233. [PMID: 34879832 PMCID: PMC8656054 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-021-12303-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2021] [Accepted: 11/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Since 2015, more than one million people fled to Germany – mainly from war-affected countries. Nevertheless, little is known about social determinants in refugees located in Germany. This study aims to test the mediation effect of loneliness between social relationships, comprising social integration and social support, and health-related quality of life among refugees living in North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany. Methods The investigation utilizes data from the FlueGe Health Study (N=326), a cross-sectional study conducted by Bielefeld University. The data was collected between February and November 2018 and included interviews and examinations. Participants were recruited from shared and private accommodation in several cities in North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany. We first analyzed correlations between social integration, social support, loneliness, and physical and mental component of health-related quality of life. We then conducted mediation analyses using structural equation modeling. Results The majority of respondents were socially isolated, perceiving a moderate degree of loneliness and social support. In addition, the physical and mental components of health-related quality of life indicate that participants predominantly experienced mental rather than physical impairments. Results from mediation analyses showed indirect effects of loneliness on the association between social integration and mental health (ß = 0.495, 95% bias-corrected and accelerated confidence interval (BCa CI) = [0.018, 0.972]), and between social support and both physical (ß = 0.022, 95% BCa CI = [0.004, 0.040]) and mental health (ß = 0.067, 95% BCa CI = [0.037, 0.097]). Conclusions Loneliness played a mediating role in the association between social relationships and health-related quality of life among refugees living in North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany. The results provide implications for both, health policy and the host society. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12889-021-12303-5.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Matthias Hans Belau
- School of Public Health, Bielefeld University, Bielefeld, Germany. .,Institute of Medical Biometry and Epidemiology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany. .,University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Institute of Medical Biometry and Epidemiology, Martinistraße 52, D-20246, Hamburg, Germany.
| | - Heiko Becher
- Institute of Medical Biometry and Epidemiology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | | |
Collapse
|
33
|
Folope V. [Grossophobia in the care sector, a reality to be fought]. SOINS; LA REVUE DE RÉFÉRENCE INFIRMIÈRE 2021; 66:22-24. [PMID: 34462064 DOI: 10.1016/j.soin.2021.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Obese people are victims of hostile attitudes and behaviour that stigmatise them because of their physical appearance. If this grossophobia is already well described at the socio-professional level, it is also present in the world of health care, both by the inappropriate equipment and by the negative attitude of healthcare professionals. This tends to distance obese patients from care and isolate them further. However, solutions exist to combat this discrimination.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vanessa Folope
- Centre hospitalier universitaire de Rouen, 1 rue de Germont, 76031 cedex 01, France; Centre de nutrition Bois-Guillaume, 147 avenue du Maréchal-Juin, 76230 Bois-Guillaume, France.
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Borgatti AC, Schneider-Worthington CR, Stager LM, Krantz OM, Davis AL, Blevins M, Howell CR, Dutton GR. The COVID-19 pandemic and weight management: Effective behaviors and pandemic-specific risk factors. Obes Res Clin Pract 2021; 15:518-521. [PMID: 34244125 PMCID: PMC8492285 DOI: 10.1016/j.orcp.2021.06.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2021] [Accepted: 06/18/2021] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Obesity and comorbid conditions are associated with worse outcomes related to COVID-19. Moreover, social distancing adherence during the COVID-19 pandemic may predict weight gain due to decreased physical activity, increased emotional eating, and social isolation. While early studies suggest that many individuals struggled with weight management during the pandemic, less is known about healthy eating and weight control behaviors among those enrolled in weight loss programs. METHODS The present study evaluated weight management efforts among weight loss program participants during the COVID-19 pandemic. Participants' (N = 55, 90.9% female, 36% white, Mage = 49.8) demographics and body mass index were collected two months prior to the COVID-19 statewide shutdown. During the lockdown, an online survey assessed health behaviors, coping, COVID-19 experiences (e.g., social distancing, loneliness), and weight gain. Logistic regressions examined demographics, health behaviors, and COVID-19 factors as predictors of weight gain. RESULTS Most participants (58%) reported gaining weight during COVID-19. Weight gain was predicted by challenges with the following health behaviors: physical activity, monitoring food intake, choosing healthy foods, and emotional eating. Loneliness and working remotely significantly related to emotional eating, physical activity, and choosing healthy foods. CONCLUSIONS Loneliness and working remotely increased the difficulty of weight management behaviors during COVID-19 among weight loss program participants. However, staying active, planning and tracking food consumption, choosing healthy foods, and reducing emotional eating protected against weight gain. Thus, these factors may be key areas for weight management efforts during the pandemic.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alena C Borgatti
- Department of Medicine, Division of Preventive Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, United States; Department of Psychology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, United States.
| | | | - Lindsay M Stager
- Department of Psychology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, United States
| | - Olivia M Krantz
- Department of Medicine, Division of Preventive Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, United States
| | - Andrea L Davis
- Department of Medicine, Division of Preventive Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, United States; Department of Psychology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, United States
| | - Magdalene Blevins
- Department of Medicine, Division of Preventive Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, United States
| | - Carrie R Howell
- Department of Public Health, University of Alabama at Birmingham, United States
| | - Gareth R Dutton
- Department of Medicine, Division of Preventive Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, United States
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Oser TK, Roy S, Parascando J, Mullen R, Radico J, Reedy-Cooper A, Moss J. Loneliness in Primary Care Patients: Relationships With Body Mass Index and Health Care Utilization. J Patient Cent Res Rev 2021; 8:239-247. [PMID: 34322576 DOI: 10.17294/2330-0698.1808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose Rates of loneliness and obesity have increased in recent decades. Loneliness and obesity independently have been found to be risk factors for negative physical and mental health outcomes. This study examined the rates and interrelationships of loneliness, body mass index (BMI), and health care utilization in a primary care setting. Methods A cross-sectional survey of adult patients presenting for outpatient care at 7 family medicine clinical practices in Pennsylvania was conducted. Survey questions included self-reported measures of loneliness, height/weight, number of health care visits, and potential confounders (eg, sociodemographic variables, health status). Bivariate and multivariable linear regression models were used to analyze associations among loneliness, BMI, and health care utilization. Results In all, 464 eligible patients returned surveys for an overall response rate of 26%. Mean (standard deviation) loneliness score was 4.2 (1.7), mean BMI was 30.4 (7.6), and mean number of visits in year prior was 2.7 (3.6). On bivariate analysis, BMI was positively associated with loneliness (effect estimate: 0.50; P=0.03). On multivariable analysis, BMI was negatively associated with attending religious services and self-reported physical health and positively associated with self-reported mental health (P<0.05 for all), but not associated with loneliness. While not associated with loneliness, health care utilization was negatively associated with Hispanic ethnicity, marital status, and self-reported physical health (P<0.05 for all). Conclusions Given the detrimental effects loneliness and obesity have on health outcomes, it might be prudent for health care providers to prioritize health concerns for their patients by assessing loneliness and counseling regarding associated risks, particularly in patients with obesity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tamara K Oser
- Department of Family Medicine, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO
| | - Siddhartha Roy
- Department of Family and Community Medicine, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, PA
| | - Jessica Parascando
- Department of Family and Community Medicine, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, PA
| | - Rebecca Mullen
- Department of Family Medicine, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO
| | - Julie Radico
- Department of Family and Community Medicine, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, PA
| | - Alexis Reedy-Cooper
- Department of Family and Community Medicine, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, PA
| | - Jennifer Moss
- Department of Family and Community Medicine, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, PA
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Pavlova N, Kioskli K, Smith C, Picariello F, Rayner L, Moss‐Morris R. Psychosocial aspects of obesity in adults with psoriasis: A systematic review. SKIN HEALTH AND DISEASE 2021; 1:e33. [PMID: 35664982 PMCID: PMC9060108 DOI: 10.1002/ski2.33] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2021] [Revised: 03/08/2021] [Accepted: 03/28/2021] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Background Excess weight is a common (30%–40%) multifactorial concern that remains understudied in adults with psoriasis. Objectives This systematic review aimed to synthesise the evidence on the psychosocial factors associated with body weight in psoriasis and to use these findings to inform clinical practice. The review was registered with PROSPERO (registration number: CRD42020201138). Methods Electronic databases, related reviews and associated reference lists were searched. Observational and experimental studies reporting on the relationship of psychosocial factors to weight‐related outcomes in adults with body mass index (BMI) of ≥30 kg/m2 and psoriasis were eligible. The methodological quality of the included studies was assessed using the Critical Appraisal Skills Programme (CASP). Results Eighteen studies were included in the review, the majority of which (n = 16) examined cross‐sectional associations between psychosocial factors and weight outcomes. Although the strengths of the associations were heterogeneous, most studies confirmed the positive association between high BMI and increased reports of depression and anxiety, impaired quality of life, deteriorated sleep quality, sexual dysfunction, and daily functioning issues. Only four studies were rated as high quality. Conclusions The current evidence of the association between psychosocial factors and weight‐related outcomes is largely cross‐sectional with unclear directionality of causality. Longitudinal studies are needed to examine the replicability and generalisability of the examined obesity‐related psychosocial factors in psoriasis. Theoretical exploration of subgroup differences and similarities may pave the way towards intervention personalisation, and ultimately, improved patient outcomes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- N.T. Pavlova
- Health Psychology Section, Psychology Department King's College London Institute of Psychiatry Psychology and Neuroscience London UK
| | - K. Kioskli
- Department of Computer Science, Centre for Adaptive Computing Systems University of London London UK
- Gruppo Maggioli, Research and Development Lab Athens Greece
| | - C. Smith
- Health Psychology Section, Psychology Department King's College London Institute of Psychiatry Psychology and Neuroscience London UK
- St John's Institute of Dermatology Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust London UK
| | - F. Picariello
- Health Psychology Section, Psychology Department King's College London Institute of Psychiatry Psychology and Neuroscience London UK
| | - L. Rayner
- Department of Psychological Medicine King's College London Institute of Psychiatry Psychology and Neuroscience London UK
| | - R. Moss‐Morris
- Health Psychology Section, Psychology Department King's College London Institute of Psychiatry Psychology and Neuroscience London UK
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Abstract
El síndrome respiratorio agudo severo (SARS), cuyo agente causal es el Coronavirus SARS-CoV, surgió en 2003, sin embargo, a finales del 2019, se observó que un nuevo Coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) causaba una enfermedad similar a la influenza, denominada COVID-19 (acrónimo del inglés coronavirus disease 2019), la cual, presentaba desde síntomas respiratorios leves hasta lesiones pulmonares graves, y en algunos casos, cursando con insuficiencia multiorgánica y muerte 1,2,3.
Collapse
|
38
|
Siqueira BB, Assumpção MC, Barroso SM, Japur CC, Penaforte FRDO. Weight stigma and health – Repercussions on the health of adolescents and adults: integrative review of the literature. JORNAL BRASILEIRO DE PSIQUIATRIA 2021. [DOI: 10.1590/0047-2085000000324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
ABSTRACT Objective To conduct an integrative review in order to understand the repercussions of the social stigma of overweight on the health of adults and adolescents. Methods The international protocol for systematic review and meta-analysis studies PRISMA was adopted to guide the writing of this review. The databases used were PubMed, Psycinfo, SciELO, Medline, Lilacs and Pepsic, considering studies published in the period from 2000 to 2020. Sixty-seven (67) articles were analyzed, and 4 categories emerged: repercussions on physical well-being; repercussions on social well-being; repercussions on mental well-being; and mixed category (physical and psychological impact). Results In the vast majority of studies analyzed, weight stigma had a negative impact on the different spheres that make up the health construct, that is, the physical, social and mental spheres. Conclusions The consequences of weight stigma are a source of intense suffering, with an impact that reduces the quality of life of individuals who experience stigmatization, involving physical, emotional and social aspects.
Collapse
|
39
|
Chen H, Xiao X, Wang W, Tong Z, Zhang L, Zhong J, Li X, Zhang X, Tong Y, Shen B, Zeng Q, Cheng X. The Influence of COVID-19 on the Psychological Well-being of Different Populations in China. EXPLORATORY RESEARCH AND HYPOTHESIS IN MEDICINE 2021; 000:000-000. [DOI: 10.14218/erhm.2020.00067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
|
40
|
A Conceptual Model of Long-Term Weight Loss Maintenance: The Importance of Cognitive, Empirical and Computational Approaches. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph18020635. [PMID: 33451110 PMCID: PMC7828595 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18020635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2020] [Revised: 01/07/2021] [Accepted: 01/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Living with obesity is related to numerous negative health outcomes, including various cancers, type II diabetes, and cardiovascular disease. Although much is known about the factors associated with obesity, and a range of weight loss interventions have been established, changing health-related behaviours to positively affect obesity outcomes has proven difficult. In this paper, we first draw together major factors that have emerged within the literature on weight loss to describe a new conceptual framework of long-term weight loss maintenance. Key to this framework is the suggestion that increased positive social support influences a reduction in psychosocial stress, and that this has the effect of promoting better executive functioning which in turn facilitates the development of healthy habits and the breaking of unhealthy habits, leading to improved ongoing maintenance of weight loss. We then outline how the use of computational approaches are an essential next step, to more rigorously test conceptual frameworks, such as the one we propose, and the benefits that a mixture of conceptual, empirical and computational approaches offer to the field of health psychology.
Collapse
|
41
|
Athanasiadis DI, Roper A, Hilgendorf W, Voss A, Zike T, Embry M, Banerjee A, Selzer D, Stefanidis D. Facebook groups provide effective social support to patients after bariatric surgery. Surg Endosc 2020; 35:4595-4601. [PMID: 32780242 DOI: 10.1007/s00464-020-07884-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2020] [Accepted: 08/05/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Social support after bariatric surgery is considered essential. Unfortunately, patient participation in such groups tends to be limited threatening their effectiveness. Facebook groups may provide a social support option that attracts more participation. The aim of this study was to describe our experience with the administration of a Facebook social support group and evaluate its perceived value by our bariatric patients. METHODS After IRB approval, all Facebook group posts since its establishment in 2015 were reviewed and a thematic analysis was undertaken. Group members also completed a survey related to their Facebook group experience and its perceived value. Responses were collected using 5-point Likert scales. In addition, 30 members were phone interviewed using open-ended questions and their responses were analyzed. RESULTS Over 4 years, the group accumulated 12,507 posts, 104,053 comments, and 197,594 reactions. On average, members check the group page more than once per day. Ten common themes were identified in the submitted posts: questions, motivation related, education related, diet related, physical activity related, current status updates, sharing failures, social, random/humorous and other. Members reported that the group helped them do well with their procedure (3.3/5) particularly due to the motivation of others' successful stories (3.5/5) and made them feel understood (3.9/5) even though it offered limited help controlling their eating habits (2.7/5). The phone interviews suggested that the Facebook group offered constant support, was simple to use, and provided the sole social support for many patients. They most appreciated the motivational posts that kept them on track and the assistance/comments of clinical staff. In contrast, they disliked repeated questions/spam and negative stories shared by some members. CONCLUSIONS Facebook groups can provide effective social support to patients after bariatric surgery. Peers educate, answer questions, and motivate patients by sharing their positive experiences. Whether this online connectedness also positively impacts patient outcomes requires further study.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dimitrios I Athanasiadis
- Department of Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, 545 Barnhill Dr., EH 130, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA
| | - Alexandra Roper
- Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | | | - Adam Voss
- Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Taylor Zike
- Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Marisa Embry
- Indiana University Health North Hospital, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Ambar Banerjee
- Department of Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, 545 Barnhill Dr., EH 130, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA.,Indiana University Health North Hospital, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Don Selzer
- Department of Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, 545 Barnhill Dr., EH 130, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA.,Indiana University Health North Hospital, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Dimitrios Stefanidis
- Department of Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, 545 Barnhill Dr., EH 130, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA. .,Indiana University Health North Hospital, Indianapolis, IN, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Weight-related stigma and psychological distress: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Clin Nutr 2019; 39:2001-2013. [PMID: 31732288 DOI: 10.1016/j.clnu.2019.10.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 118] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2019] [Revised: 10/09/2019] [Accepted: 10/14/2019] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Individuals who are overweight or who have obesity are likely to perceive or experience unfriendly treatment (i.e., weight-related perceived stigma) from different sources such as work colleagues because of the stigma towards excess weight. People who are overweight may accept such stigma and devalue themselves (i.e., weight-related self-stigma). METHODS A systematic review and meta-analysis was conducted to examine the relationship between weight stigma (including weight-related self-stigma and weight-related perceived stigma) and psychological distress (including depression and anxiety) using random-effects meta-analyses. Utilizing five academic databases (PubMed, Scopus, WOS, Embase and ProQuest) and keywords related to weight stigma and psychological distress, empirical studies focusing on the association between weight stigma and psychological distress were selected. The timeline for the searched papers was from the inception of each database to the end of August 2019. RESULTS Eligible studies (N = 30; 25 on weight-related self-stigma and eight on weight-related perceived stigma) were analyzed with a total of 9345 participants experiencing weight-related self-stigma, and 15,496 experiencing weight-related perceived stigma. The pooled associations were moderate between weight-related self-stigma and psychological distress (corrected Fisher's Z = 0.40 for depression; 0.36 for anxiety) and between perceived stigma and depression (Fisher's Z = 0.44). CONCLUSIONS Results of the meta-analysis demonstrated that weight stigma is associated with psychological distress. The comprehensive search of the literature and rigorous methodology employed are the two major strengths in the present study. Because self-stigma and perceived stigma are different concepts, their associations with psychological distress should not be merged together.
Collapse
|