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Kaleta K, Krupa J, Suchy W, Sopel A, Korkosz M, Nowakowski J. Endothelial dysfunction and risk factors for atherosclerosis in psoriatic arthritis: overview and comparison with rheumatoid arthritis. Rheumatol Int 2024; 44:1587-1606. [PMID: 38522049 PMCID: PMC11343792 DOI: 10.1007/s00296-024-05556-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2024] [Accepted: 02/05/2024] [Indexed: 03/25/2024]
Abstract
Endothelial dysfunction (ED) is defined as an impairment in the vasodilatory, anti-thrombotic, and anti-inflammatory properties of the cells that make up the lining of blood vessels. ED is considered a key step in the development of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease. The association between ED and systemic inflammatory diseases is well established. However, the prevalence and clinical significance of ED in psoriatic arthritis (PsA) have been investigated to a lesser extent. This review aims to explore the link between ED and PsA, including ED in macro- and microcirculation, as well as risk factors for its occurrence in PsA and its relationship with atherosclerosis in PsA. Furthermore, the ED in PsA was compared with that of rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Regarding ED in the microcirculation, the coronary flow reserve was found to be significantly reduced in individuals with PsA. The relationship between PsA and macrovascular ED is more pronounced, along with more advanced atherosclerosis detected in patients with PsA. These results are consistent with those obtained in RA studies. On the other hand, arterial stiffness and signs of vascular remodeling were found more frequently in RA than in PsA, with the potential role of efficient anti-TNF treatment in patients with PsA and psoriasis explaining this finding. The impact of ED on cardiovascular diseases and the burden of this risk caused independently by PsA have not yet been precisely established, however, this group of patients requires special attention with regard to cardiovascular events.
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Affiliation(s)
- Konrad Kaleta
- Students' Scientific Group at the Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Kraków, Poland
| | - Julia Krupa
- Students' Scientific Group at the Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Kraków, Poland
| | - Wiktoria Suchy
- Students' Scientific Group at the Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Kraków, Poland
| | - Anna Sopel
- Students' Scientific Group at the Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Kraków, Poland
| | - Mariusz Korkosz
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Kraków, Poland
| | - Jarosław Nowakowski
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Kraków, Poland.
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Liu H, Wang P, Yin J, Yang P, Shi J, Li A, Wang X, Meng J. High expression of CX3CL1/CX3CR1 at the mother-fetus interface of preeclampsia inhibits trophoblast invasion and migration. Placenta 2024; 156:30-37. [PMID: 39236525 DOI: 10.1016/j.placenta.2024.08.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2024] [Revised: 07/30/2024] [Accepted: 08/13/2024] [Indexed: 09/07/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Preeclampsia is associated with maternal inflammatory overreaction and imbalanced immunity at the mother-fetus interface. The pro-inflammatory chemokine fractalkine (CX3CL1) is recently recognized apart from imbalanced immunity. In this study, CX3CL1- CX3C chemokine receptor 1(CX3CR1) regulation of decidual macrophage function and trophoblast invasion ability in preeclampsia was initially explored. METHODS The study comprised 60 women allocated to NP group (normotensive pregnant woman, n = 30) and sPE group (woman with severe preeclampsia, n = 30). After the delivery, the expression of CX3CL1 in placental tissues of the two groups was detected by immunohistochemical analysis. The protein level of CX3CL1 in placental tissue and CX3CR1 in decidua tissue was detected by Western Blot and the localization of CX3CR1 expression in decidua was detected by immunofluorescence. Macrophages were polarized into classically activated (M1) macrophages. M1 were treat with PBS (control group), recombinant human CX3CL1 (CX3CL1 group), recombinant human CX3CL1+ selective CX3CR1 antagonist-JMS-17-2 (CX3CL1+anti-CX3CR1 group) and recombinant human CX3CL1 + selective CX3CR1 antagonist-JMS-17-2 + VS-6063 (CX3CL1+anti-CX3CR1+ FAK inhibitor group). M1 and HTR8/SVneo cells were co-cultured as described previously to assess invasion and migration capacity by transwell assays and Wound-healing assay. RESULTS In this study, CX3CL1 expression is high in the placental tissues of severe preeclampsia (sPE) patients than in normotensive pregnancies (NP). CX3CR1 expression is high in the decidual tissues of severe preeclampsia patients and mainly expressed in macrophages of decidual tissues. CX3CL1/CX3CR1 decreased VEGF expression in M1 macrophages and reduced the invasion and migration function of HTR-8/SVneo through the FAK signaling pathway. DISCUSSION These findings revealed that CX3CL1-CX3CR1 regulate the trophoblast function by FAK and provided new insights into the pathogenesis of preeclampsia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haixia Liu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong, China; Key Laboratory of Maternal & Fetal Medicine of National Health Commission of China, Shandong Provincial Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital Affiliated to Qingdao University, Jinan, Shandong, China; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Liao Cheng People's Hospital, Liaocheng, Shandong, China
| | - Ping Wang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Junbin Yin
- Department of Neurology, The 960th Hospital of PLA, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Ping Yang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Jingjing Shi
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Aihua Li
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Liao Cheng People's Hospital, Liaocheng, Shandong, China
| | - Xietong Wang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong, China; Key Laboratory of Maternal & Fetal Medicine of National Health Commission of China, Shandong Provincial Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital Affiliated to Qingdao University, Jinan, Shandong, China; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Jinlai Meng
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong, China; Key Laboratory of Maternal & Fetal Medicine of National Health Commission of China, Shandong Provincial Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital Affiliated to Qingdao University, Jinan, Shandong, China; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China.
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Zhang C, Zhang Y, Zhuang R, Yang K, Chen L, Jin B, Ma Y, Zhang Y, Tang K. Alterations in CX3CL1 Levels and Its Role in Viral Pathogenesis. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:4451. [PMID: 38674036 PMCID: PMC11050295 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25084451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2024] [Revised: 04/12/2024] [Accepted: 04/17/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
CX3CL1, also named fractalkine or neurotactin, is the only known member of the CX3C chemokine family that can chemoattract several immune cells. CX3CL1 exists in both membrane-anchored and soluble forms, with each mediating distinct biological activities. CX3CL1 signals are transmitted through its unique receptor, CX3CR1, primarily expressed in the microglia of the central nervous system (CNS). In the CNS, CX3CL1 acts as a regulator of microglia activation in response to brain disorders or inflammation. Recently, there has been a growing interest in the role of CX3CL1 in regulating cell adhesion, chemotaxis, and host immune response in viral infection. Here, we provide a comprehensive review of the changes and function of CX3CL1 in various viral infections, such as human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), SARS-CoV-2, influenza virus, and cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection, to highlight the emerging roles of CX3CL1 in viral infection and associated diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Yun Zhang
- Department of Immunology, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an 710032, China; (C.Z.); (Y.Z.); (R.Z.); (K.Y.); (L.C.); (B.J.); (Y.M.)
| | - Kang Tang
- Department of Immunology, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an 710032, China; (C.Z.); (Y.Z.); (R.Z.); (K.Y.); (L.C.); (B.J.); (Y.M.)
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Ringleb M, Javelle F, Haunhorst S, Bloch W, Fennen L, Baumgart S, Drube S, Reuken PA, Pletz MW, Wagner H, Gabriel HHW, Puta C. Beyond muscles: Investigating immunoregulatory myokines in acute resistance exercise - A systematic review and meta-analysis. FASEB J 2024; 38:e23596. [PMID: 38597350 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202301619r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2023] [Revised: 02/09/2024] [Accepted: 03/25/2024] [Indexed: 04/11/2024]
Abstract
Myokines, released from the muscle, enable communication between the working muscles and other tissues. Their release during physical exercise is assumed to depend on immune-hormonal-metabolic interactions concerning mode (endurance or resistance exercise), duration, and intensity. This meta-analysis aims to examine the acute changes of circulating myokines inducing immunoregulatory effects caused by a bout of resistance exercise and to consider potential moderators of the results. Based on this selection strategy, a systematic literature search was conducted for resistance exercise intervention studies measuring interleukin (IL-) 6, IL-10, IL-1ra, tumor necrosis factor (TNF-) α, IL-15, IL-7, transforming growth factor (TGF-) β1, and fractalkines (FKN) before and immediately after resistance exercise in healthy individuals. Random-effects meta-analysis was performed for each myokine. We identified a moderate positive effect of resistance exercise for IL-6 and IL-1ra. Regarding IL-15 and TNF-α, small to moderate effects were found. For IL-10, no significant effect was observed. Due to no data, meta-analyses for IL-7, TGF-β1, and FKN could not be performed. No moderators (training status, type of exercise, risk of bias, age, sex, time of day, exercise volume, exercise intensity, exercise dose) of the results were detected for all tested myokines. Taken together, this systematic review and meta-analysis showed immediate positive effects of an acute resistance exercise session on IL-6, IL-1ra, TNF-α, and IL-15 levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miriam Ringleb
- Department of Movement Science, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
- Department of Sports Medicine and Health Promotion, Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, Jena, Germany
- Department for Molecular and Cellular Sports Medicine, Institute of Cardiovascular Research and Sports Medicine, German Sport University Cologne, Cologne, Germany
- Center for Interdisciplinary Prevention of Diseases related to Professional Activities, Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, Jena, Germany
| | - Florian Javelle
- Department for Molecular and Cellular Sports Medicine, Institute of Cardiovascular Research and Sports Medicine, German Sport University Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Simon Haunhorst
- Department of Sports Medicine and Health Promotion, Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, Jena, Germany
- Center for Interdisciplinary Prevention of Diseases related to Professional Activities, Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, Jena, Germany
| | - Wilhelm Bloch
- Department for Molecular and Cellular Sports Medicine, Institute of Cardiovascular Research and Sports Medicine, German Sport University Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Lena Fennen
- Department of Movement Science, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Sabine Baumgart
- Institute for Immunology, Jena University Hospital, Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, Jena, Germany
| | - Sebastian Drube
- Institute for Immunology, Jena University Hospital, Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, Jena, Germany
| | - Philipp A Reuken
- Clinic for Internal Medicine IV (Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Infectious Diseases), Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany
| | - Mathias W Pletz
- Institute for Immunology, Jena University Hospital, Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, Jena, Germany
- Center for Sepsis Control and Care (CSCC), Jena University Hospital, Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, Jena, Germany
- Institute for Infectious Diseases and Infection Control, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany
| | - Heiko Wagner
- Department of Movement Science, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Holger H W Gabriel
- Department of Sports Medicine and Health Promotion, Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, Jena, Germany
| | - Christian Puta
- Department of Sports Medicine and Health Promotion, Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, Jena, Germany
- Center for Interdisciplinary Prevention of Diseases related to Professional Activities, Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, Jena, Germany
- Center for Sepsis Control and Care (CSCC), Jena University Hospital, Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, Jena, Germany
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Stangret A, Sadowski KA, Jabłoński K, Kochman J, Opolski G, Grabowski M, Tomaniak M. Chemokine Fractalkine and Non-Obstructive Coronary Artery Disease-Is There a Link? Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:3885. [PMID: 38612695 PMCID: PMC11012077 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25073885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2024] [Revised: 03/28/2024] [Accepted: 03/28/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Non-obstructive coronary artery disease (NO-CAD) constitutes a heterogeneous group of conditions collectively characterized by less than 50% narrowing in at least one major coronary artery with a fractional flow reserve (FFR) of ≤0.80 observed in coronary angiography. The pathogenesis and progression of NO-CAD are still not fully understood, however, inflammatory processes, particularly atherosclerosis and microvascular dysfunction are known to play a major role in it. Chemokine fractalkine (FKN/CX3CL1) is inherently linked to these processes. FKN/CX3CL1 functions predominantly as a chemoattractant for immune cells, facilitating their transmigration through the vessel wall and inhibiting their apoptosis. Its concentrations correlate positively with major cardiovascular risk factors. Moreover, promising preliminary results have shown that FKN/CX3CL1 receptor inhibitor (KAND567) administered in the population of patients with ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI), inhibits the adverse reaction of the immune system that causes hyperinflammation. Whereas the link between FKN/CX3CL1 and NO-CAD appears evident, further studies are necessary to unveil this complex relationship. In this review, we critically overview the current data on FKN/CX3CL1 in the context of NO-CAD and present the novel clinical implications of the unique structure and function of FKN/CX3CL1 as a compound which distinctively contributes to the pathomechanism of this condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleksandra Stangret
- Chair and Department of Experimental and Clinical Physiology, Laboratory of Centre for Preclinical Research, Medical University of Warsaw, Banacha 1b, 02-097 Warsaw, Poland;
| | - Karol Artur Sadowski
- 1st Department of Cardiology, Medical University of Warsaw, Banacha 1a, 01-267 Warsaw, Poland; (K.A.S.); (K.J.); (J.K.); (G.O.); (M.G.)
| | - Konrad Jabłoński
- 1st Department of Cardiology, Medical University of Warsaw, Banacha 1a, 01-267 Warsaw, Poland; (K.A.S.); (K.J.); (J.K.); (G.O.); (M.G.)
| | - Janusz Kochman
- 1st Department of Cardiology, Medical University of Warsaw, Banacha 1a, 01-267 Warsaw, Poland; (K.A.S.); (K.J.); (J.K.); (G.O.); (M.G.)
| | - Grzegorz Opolski
- 1st Department of Cardiology, Medical University of Warsaw, Banacha 1a, 01-267 Warsaw, Poland; (K.A.S.); (K.J.); (J.K.); (G.O.); (M.G.)
| | - Marcin Grabowski
- 1st Department of Cardiology, Medical University of Warsaw, Banacha 1a, 01-267 Warsaw, Poland; (K.A.S.); (K.J.); (J.K.); (G.O.); (M.G.)
| | - Mariusz Tomaniak
- 1st Department of Cardiology, Medical University of Warsaw, Banacha 1a, 01-267 Warsaw, Poland; (K.A.S.); (K.J.); (J.K.); (G.O.); (M.G.)
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Sun J(A, Adil A, Biniazan F, Haykal S. Immunogenicity and tolerance induction in vascularized composite allotransplantation. FRONTIERS IN TRANSPLANTATION 2024; 3:1350546. [PMID: 38993748 PMCID: PMC11235364 DOI: 10.3389/frtra.2024.1350546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2023] [Accepted: 01/29/2024] [Indexed: 07/13/2024]
Abstract
Vascularized composite allotransplantation (VCA) is the transplantation of multiple tissues such as skin, muscle, bone, nerve, and vessels, as a functional unit (i.e., hand or face) to patients suffering from major tissue trauma and functional deficits. Though the surgical feasibility has been optimized, issues regarding graft rejection remains. VCA rejection involves a diverse population of cells but is primarily driven by both donor and recipient lymphocytes, antigen-presenting cells, macrophages, and other immune as well as donor-derived cells. In addition, it is commonly understood that different tissues within VCA, such as the skin, elicits a stronger rejection response. Currently, VCA recipients are required to follow potent and lifelong immunosuppressing regimens to maximize graft survival. This puts patients at risk for malignancies, opportunistic infections, and cancers, thereby posing a need for less perilous methods of inducing graft tolerance. This review will provide an overview of cell populations and mechanisms, specific tissue involved in VCA rejection, as well as an updated scope of current methods of tolerance induction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiahui (Angela) Sun
- Latner Thoracic Surgery Laboratories, University Health Network, Toronto General Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Institute of Medical Science, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Aisha Adil
- Latner Thoracic Surgery Laboratories, University Health Network, Toronto General Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Institute of Medical Science, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Felor Biniazan
- Latner Thoracic Surgery Laboratories, University Health Network, Toronto General Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Siba Haykal
- Latner Thoracic Surgery Laboratories, University Health Network, Toronto General Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Institute of Medical Science, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Division of Plastic & Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
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Rodriguez D, Church KA, Pietramale AN, Cardona SM, Vanegas D, Rorex C, Leary MC, Muzzio IA, Nash KR, Cardona AE. Fractalkine isoforms differentially regulate microglia-mediated inflammation and enhance visual function in the diabetic retina. J Neuroinflammation 2024; 21:42. [PMID: 38311721 PMCID: PMC10840196 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-023-02983-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2023] [Accepted: 12/01/2023] [Indexed: 02/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Diabetic retinopathy (DR) affects about 200 million people worldwide, causing leakage of blood components into retinal tissues, leading to activation of microglia, the resident phagocytes of the retina, promoting neuronal and vascular damage. The microglial receptor, CX3CR1, binds to fractalkine (FKN), an anti-inflammatory chemokine that is expressed on neuronal membranes (mFKN), and undergoes constitutive cleavage to release a soluble domain (sFKN). Deficiencies in CX3CR1 or FKN showed increased microglial activation, inflammation, vascular damage, and neuronal loss in experimental mouse models. To understand the mechanism that regulates microglia function, recombinant adeno-associated viral vectors (rAAV) expressing mFKN or sFKN were delivered to intact retinas prior to diabetes. High-resolution confocal imaging and mRNA-seq were used to analyze microglia morphology and markers of expression, neuronal and vascular health, and inflammatory mediators. We confirmed that prophylactic intra-vitreal administration of rAAV expressing sFKN (rAAV-sFKN), but not mFKN (rAAV-mFKN), in FKNKO retinas provided vasculo- and neuro-protection, reduced microgliosis, mitigated inflammation, improved overall optic nerve health by regulating microglia-mediated inflammation, and prevented fibrin(ogen) leakage at 4 weeks and 10 weeks of diabetes induction. Moreover, administration of sFKN improved visual acuity. Our results elucidated a novel intervention via sFKN gene therapy that provides an alternative pathway to implement translational and therapeutic approaches, preventing diabetes-associated blindness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Derek Rodriguez
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, UTSA Circle, The University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, 78249, USA
| | - Kaira A Church
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, UTSA Circle, The University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, 78249, USA
| | - Alicia N Pietramale
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, UTSA Circle, The University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, 78249, USA
| | - Sandra M Cardona
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, UTSA Circle, The University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, 78249, USA
| | - Difernando Vanegas
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, UTSA Circle, The University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, 78249, USA
| | - Colin Rorex
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, UTSA Circle, The University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, 78249, USA
| | - Micah C Leary
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, UTSA Circle, The University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, 78249, USA
| | - Isabel A Muzzio
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, 52242, USA
| | - Kevin R Nash
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Physiology, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, 33620, USA
| | - Astrid E Cardona
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, UTSA Circle, The University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, 78249, USA.
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Hua S, Latha K, Marlin R, Benmeziane K, Bossevot L, Langlois S, Relouzat F, Dereuddre-Bosquet N, Le Grand R, Cavarelli M. Intestinal immunological events of acute and resolved SARS-CoV-2 infection in non-human primates. Mucosal Immunol 2024; 17:25-40. [PMID: 37827377 DOI: 10.1016/j.mucimm.2023.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2023] [Revised: 09/27/2023] [Accepted: 10/04/2023] [Indexed: 10/14/2023]
Abstract
SARS-CoV-2 infection has been associated with intestinal mucosal barrier damage, leading to microbial and endotoxin translocation, heightened inflammatory responses, and aggravated disease outcomes. This study aimed to investigate the immunological mechanisms associated with impaired intestinal barrier function. We conducted a comprehensive analysis of gut damage and inflammation markers and phenotypic characterization of myeloid and lymphoid populations in the ileum and colon of SARS-CoV-2-exposed macaques during both the acute and resolved infection phases. Our findings revealed a significant accumulation of terminally differentiated and activated CD4+ and CD8+ T cells, along with memory B cells, within the gastrointestinal tract up to 43 days after exposure to SARS-CoV-2. This robust infection-induced immune response was accompanied by a notable depletion of plasmacytoid dendritic cells, myeloid dendritic cells, and macrophages, particularly affecting the colon during the resolved infection phase. Additionally, we identified a population of CX3CR1Low inflammatory macrophages associated with intestinal damage during active viral replication. Elevated levels of immune activation and gut damage markers, and perturbation of macrophage homeostasis, persisted even after the resolution of the infection, suggesting potential long-term clinical sequelae. These findings enhance our understanding of gastrointestinal immune pathology following SARS-CoV-2 infection and provide valuable information for developing and testing medical countermeasures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stéphane Hua
- Université Paris-Saclay, Inserm, CEA, Center for Immunology of Viral, Auto-immune, Hematological and Bacterial diseases (IMVA-HB/IDMIT), Fontenay-aux-Roses & Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
| | - Krishna Latha
- Université Paris-Saclay, Inserm, CEA, Center for Immunology of Viral, Auto-immune, Hematological and Bacterial diseases (IMVA-HB/IDMIT), Fontenay-aux-Roses & Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
| | - Romain Marlin
- Université Paris-Saclay, Inserm, CEA, Center for Immunology of Viral, Auto-immune, Hematological and Bacterial diseases (IMVA-HB/IDMIT), Fontenay-aux-Roses & Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
| | - Keltouma Benmeziane
- Université Paris-Saclay, Inserm, CEA, Center for Immunology of Viral, Auto-immune, Hematological and Bacterial diseases (IMVA-HB/IDMIT), Fontenay-aux-Roses & Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
| | - Laetitia Bossevot
- Université Paris-Saclay, Inserm, CEA, Center for Immunology of Viral, Auto-immune, Hematological and Bacterial diseases (IMVA-HB/IDMIT), Fontenay-aux-Roses & Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
| | - Sébastien Langlois
- Université Paris-Saclay, Inserm, CEA, Center for Immunology of Viral, Auto-immune, Hematological and Bacterial diseases (IMVA-HB/IDMIT), Fontenay-aux-Roses & Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
| | - Francis Relouzat
- Université Paris-Saclay, Inserm, CEA, Center for Immunology of Viral, Auto-immune, Hematological and Bacterial diseases (IMVA-HB/IDMIT), Fontenay-aux-Roses & Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
| | - Nathalie Dereuddre-Bosquet
- Université Paris-Saclay, Inserm, CEA, Center for Immunology of Viral, Auto-immune, Hematological and Bacterial diseases (IMVA-HB/IDMIT), Fontenay-aux-Roses & Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
| | - Roger Le Grand
- Université Paris-Saclay, Inserm, CEA, Center for Immunology of Viral, Auto-immune, Hematological and Bacterial diseases (IMVA-HB/IDMIT), Fontenay-aux-Roses & Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
| | - Mariangela Cavarelli
- Université Paris-Saclay, Inserm, CEA, Center for Immunology of Viral, Auto-immune, Hematological and Bacterial diseases (IMVA-HB/IDMIT), Fontenay-aux-Roses & Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France.
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Hang Y, Qu H, Yang J, Li Z, Ma S, Tang C, Wu C, Bao Y, Jiang F, Shu J. Exploration of programmed cell death-associated characteristics and immune infiltration in neonatal sepsis: new insights from bioinformatics analysis and machine learning. BMC Pediatr 2024; 24:67. [PMID: 38245687 PMCID: PMC10799360 DOI: 10.1186/s12887-024-04555-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2023] [Accepted: 01/11/2024] [Indexed: 01/22/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Neonatal sepsis, a perilous medical situation, is typified by the malfunction of organs and serves as the primary reason for neonatal mortality. Nevertheless, the mechanisms underlying newborn sepsis remain ambiguous. Programmed cell death (PCD) has a connection with numerous infectious illnesses and holds a significant function in newborn sepsis, potentially serving as a marker for diagnosing the condition. METHODS From the GEO public repository, we selected two groups, which we referred to as the training and validation sets, for our analysis of neonatal sepsis. We obtained PCD-related genes from 12 different patterns, including databases and published literature. We first obtained differential expressed genes (DEGs) for neonatal sepsis and controls. Three advanced machine learning techniques, namely LASSO, SVM-RFE, and RF, were employed to identify potential genes connected to PCD. To further validate the results, PPI networks were constructed, artificial neural networks and consensus clustering were used. Subsequently, a neonatal sepsis diagnostic prediction model was developed and evaluated. We conducted an analysis of immune cell infiltration to examine immune cell dysregulation in neonatal sepsis, and we established a ceRNA network based on the identified marker genes. RESULTS Within the context of neonatal sepsis, a total of 49 genes exhibited an intersection between the differentially expressed genes (DEGs) and those associated with programmed cell death (PCD). Utilizing three distinct machine learning techniques, six genes were identified as common to both DEGs and PCD-associated genes. A diagnostic model was subsequently constructed by integrating differential expression profiles, and subsequently validated by conducting artificial neural networks and consensus clustering. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves were employed to assess the diagnostic merit of the model, which yielded promising results. The immune infiltration analysis revealed notable disparities in patients diagnosed with neonatal sepsis. Furthermore, based on the identified marker genes, the ceRNA network revealed an intricate regulatory interplay. CONCLUSION In our investigation, we methodically identified six marker genes (AP3B2, STAT3, TSPO, S100A9, GNS, and CX3CR1). An effective diagnostic prediction model emerged from an exhaustive analysis within the training group (AUC 0.930, 95%CI 0.887-0.965) and the validation group (AUC 0.977, 95%CI 0.935-1.000).
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun Hang
- Department of Pediatrics, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212001, China
| | - Huanxia Qu
- Department of Blood Transfusion, Zhenjiang First People's Hospital, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Juanzhi Yang
- Department of Pediatrics, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212001, China
| | - Zhang Li
- Department of Pediatrics, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212001, China
| | - Shiqi Ma
- Department of Pediatrics, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212001, China
| | - Chenlu Tang
- Department of Pediatrics, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212001, China
| | - Chuyan Wu
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yunlei Bao
- Department of Neonatology, Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, 200011, China
| | - Feng Jiang
- Department of Neonatology, Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, 200011, China.
| | - Jin Shu
- Department of Pediatrics, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212001, China.
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10
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Li Q, Yuan Z, Bahabayi A, Zhang Z, Zeng X, Kang R, Xu Q, Guan Z, Wang P, Liu C. Upregulation of CX3CR1 expression in circulating T cells of systemic lupus erythematosus patients as a reflection of autoimmune status through characterization of cytotoxic capacity. Int Immunopharmacol 2024; 126:111231. [PMID: 38016349 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2023.111231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2023] [Revised: 11/11/2023] [Accepted: 11/12/2023] [Indexed: 11/30/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study investigated CX3CR1 expression in human peripheral blood T lymphocytes and their subsets, exploring changes in SLE patients and its diagnostic potential. METHODS Peripheral blood samples from 31 healthy controls and 50 SLE patients were collected. RNA-Seq data from SLE patient PBMCs were used to analyze CX3CR1 expression in T cells. Flow cytometry determined CX3CR1-expressing T lymphocyte subset proportions in SLE patients and healthy controls. Subset composition and presence of GZMB, GPR56, and perforin in CX3CR1+ T lymphocytes were analyzed. T cell-clinical indicator correlations were assessed. ROC curves explored CX3CR1's diagnostic potential for SLE. RESULTS CX3CR1+CD8+ T cells exhibited higher GPR56, perforin, and GZMB expression than other T cell subsets. The proportion of CX3CR1+ was higher in TEMRA and lower in Tn and TCM. PMA activation reduced CX3CR1+ T cell proportions. Both RNA-Seq and flow cytometry revealed elevated CX3CR1+ T cell proportions in SLE patients. Significantly lower perforin+ and GPR56+ proportions were observed in CX3CR1+CD8+ T cells in SLE patients. CX3CR1+ T cells correlated with clinical indicators. CONCLUSION CX3CR1+ T cells display cytotoxic features, with heightened expression in CD8+ T cells, particularly in adult SLE patients. Increased CX3CR1 expression in SLE patient T cells suggests its potential as an adjunctive diagnostic marker for SLE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Li
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Zihang Yuan
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
| | - Ayibaota Bahabayi
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Zhonghui Zhang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Xingyue Zeng
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Rui Kang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Qinzhu Xu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Zhao Guan
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Pingzhang Wang
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China; Peking University Center for Human Disease Genomics, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
| | - Chen Liu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, China.
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11
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Stangret A, Dykacz W, Jabłoński K, Wesołowska A, Klimczak-Tomaniak D, Kochman J, Tomaniak M. The cytokine trio - visfatin, placental growth factor and fractalkine - and their role in myocardial infarction with non-obstructive coronary arteries (MINOCA). Cytokine Growth Factor Rev 2023; 74:76-85. [PMID: 37679252 DOI: 10.1016/j.cytogfr.2023.08.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2023] [Revised: 08/18/2023] [Accepted: 08/22/2023] [Indexed: 09/09/2023]
Abstract
Myocardial infarction with nonobstructive coronary arteries (MINOCA) remains a puzzling clinical entity. It is characterized by clinical evidence of myocardial infarction (MI) with normal or near-normal coronary arteries in angiography. Given the complex etiology including multiple possible scenarios with varied pathogenetic mechanisms, profound investigation of the plausible biomarkers of MINOCA may bring further pathophysiological insights and novel diagnostic opportunities. Cytokines have a great diagnostic potential and are used as biomarkers for many diseases. An unusual trio of visfatin, placental growth factor (PlGF) and fractalkine (CX3CL1) can directly promote vascular dysfunction, inflammation and angiogenesis through the activation of the nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells (NF-κB) signaling. They are redundant in physiological processes and become overexpressed in the pathomechanisms underlying MINOCA. The knowledge about their concentration might serve as a valuable diagnostic and/or therapeutic tool for assessing vascular endothelial function. Here we analyze the current knowledge on visfatin, PlGF and CX3CL1 in the context of MINOCA and present the novel clinical implications of their combined expression as predictors or indicators of this condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleksandra Stangret
- Department of Human Physiology and Pathophysiology, Faculty of Medicine, Collegium Medicum Cardinal Stefan Wyszynski University in Warsaw, Wóycickiego 1/3, 01-938 Warsaw, Poland; College of Medical Sciences, Nicolaus Copernicus Superior School, Nowogrodzka 47a, 00-695 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Weronika Dykacz
- First Department of Cardiology, Medical University of Warsaw, Banacha 1A, 02-097 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Konrad Jabłoński
- First Department of Cardiology, Medical University of Warsaw, Banacha 1A, 02-097 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Aleksandra Wesołowska
- First Department of Cardiology, Medical University of Warsaw, Banacha 1A, 02-097 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Dominika Klimczak-Tomaniak
- Department of Cardiology, Hypertension and Internal Medicine, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland; Department of Immunology, Transplantation and Internal Medicine, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Janusz Kochman
- First Department of Cardiology, Medical University of Warsaw, Banacha 1A, 02-097 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Mariusz Tomaniak
- First Department of Cardiology, Medical University of Warsaw, Banacha 1A, 02-097 Warsaw, Poland.
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12
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Jeyalan V, Austin D, Loh SX, Wangsaputra VK, Spyridopoulos I. Fractalkine/CX 3CR1 in Dilated Cardiomyopathy: A Potential Future Target for Immunomodulatory Therapy? Cells 2023; 12:2377. [PMID: 37830591 PMCID: PMC10571889 DOI: 10.3390/cells12192377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2023] [Revised: 09/22/2023] [Accepted: 09/26/2023] [Indexed: 10/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) is a cardiac condition with structural and functional impairment, where either the left ventricle or both ventricular chambers are enlarged, coinciding with reduced systolic pump function (reduced ejection fraction, rEF). The prevalence of DCM is more than 1:250 individuals, and mortality largely due to heart failure in two-third of cases, and sudden cardiac death in one-third of patients. Damage to the myocardium, whether from a genetic or environmental cause such as viruses, triggers inflammation and recruits immune cells to the heart to repair the myocardium. Examination of myocardial biopsy tissue often reveals an inflammatory cell infiltrate, T lymphocyte (T cell) infiltration, or other activated immune cells. Despite medical therapy, adverse outcomes for DCM remain. The evidence base and existing literature suggest that upregulation of CX3CR1, migration of immune cells, together with cytomegalovirus (CMV) seropositivity is associated with worse outcomes in patients with dilated cardiomyopathy. We hypothesise that this potentially occurs through cardiac inflammation and fibrosis, resulting in adverse remodelling. Immune modulators to target this pathway may potentially improve outcomes above and beyond current guideline-recommended therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Visvesh Jeyalan
- Academic Cardiovascular Unit, The James Cook University Hospital, Middlesbrough TS4 3BW, UK; (V.J.); (D.A.)
- Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE2 4HH, UK;
| | - David Austin
- Academic Cardiovascular Unit, The James Cook University Hospital, Middlesbrough TS4 3BW, UK; (V.J.); (D.A.)
- Population Health Science Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 7RU, UK
| | - Shu Xian Loh
- Department of Cardiology, Freeman Hospital, Newcastle upon Tyne NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle upon Tyne NE7 7DN, UK;
| | - Vincent Kharisma Wangsaputra
- Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE2 4HH, UK;
- Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia, Central Jakarta 10430, Indonesia
| | - Ioakim Spyridopoulos
- Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE2 4HH, UK;
- Department of Cardiology, Freeman Hospital, Newcastle upon Tyne NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle upon Tyne NE7 7DN, UK;
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13
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Álvarez-Heredia P, Reina-Alfonso I, Domínguez-del-Castillo JJ, Gutiérrez-González C, Hassouneh F, Batista-Duharte A, Pérez AB, Tarazona R, Solana R, Pera A. Accelerated T-Cell Immunosenescence in Cytomegalovirus-Seropositive Individuals After Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 Infection. J Infect Dis 2023; 228:576-585. [PMID: 37103009 PMCID: PMC10469128 DOI: 10.1093/infdis/jiad119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2023] [Revised: 04/17/2023] [Accepted: 04/25/2023] [Indexed: 04/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection is a major driver of accelerated immunosenescence related to CD28null T cell expansion. CMV infection and these proatherogenic T cells have been independently associated with cardiovascular disease and coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) severity. We investigated the potential contribution of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) to immunosenescence and its relationship with CMV. Innate and adaptive immune subpopulations from individuals with mild or asymptomatic SARS-CoV-2 infection (mCOVID-19) and healthy donors were immunophenotyped. A significant increase in CD28nullCD57+CX3CR1+ T cell percentages (CD4+ [P ≤ .01], CD8+ [P ≤ .01], and TcRγδ (CD4-CD8-) [P ≤ .001]) was found in unnvaccinated CMV-seropositive mCOVID-19 individuals stable up to 12 months after infection. This expansion did not occur in CMV-seronegative mCOVID-19 individuals or in CMV-seropositive individuals infected after SARS-CoV-2 vaccination. There were no significant differences between mCOVID-19 and aortic stenosis groups. Thus, individuals coinfected with SARS-CoV-2 and CMV have accelerated T cell senescence, which might lead to an increased risk of cardiovascular disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pablo Álvarez-Heredia
- Immunology and Allergy Group (GC01), Maimonides Biomedical Research Institute of Cordoba (IMIBIC)/University of Cordoba/Reina Sofia University Hospital, Córdoba, Spain
| | - Irene Reina-Alfonso
- Immunology and Allergy Group (GC01), Maimonides Biomedical Research Institute of Cordoba (IMIBIC)/University of Cordoba/Reina Sofia University Hospital, Córdoba, Spain
| | - Jose Joaquín Domínguez-del-Castillo
- Cardiovascular Pathology (GA09), Maimonides Biomedical Research Institute of Cordoba (IMIBIC)/University of Cordoba/Reina Sofia University Hospital, Córdoba, Spain
| | - Carmen Gutiérrez-González
- Immunology and Allergy Group (GC01), Maimonides Biomedical Research Institute of Cordoba (IMIBIC)/University of Cordoba/Reina Sofia University Hospital, Córdoba, Spain
| | - Fakhri Hassouneh
- Immunology and Allergy Group (GC01), Maimonides Biomedical Research Institute of Cordoba (IMIBIC)/University of Cordoba/Reina Sofia University Hospital, Córdoba, Spain
| | - Alexander Batista-Duharte
- Immunology and Allergy Group (GC01), Maimonides Biomedical Research Institute of Cordoba (IMIBIC)/University of Cordoba/Reina Sofia University Hospital, Córdoba, Spain
| | - Ana-Belén Pérez
- Microbiology Service, Reina Sofia University Hospital of Cordoba/Maimonides Biomedical Research Institute (IMIBIC)/CIBERINFEC, Córdoba, Spain
| | - Raquel Tarazona
- Department of Physiology, Immunology Unit, University of Extremadura, Cáceres, Spain
| | - Rafael Solana
- Immunology and Allergy Group (GC01), Maimonides Biomedical Research Institute of Cordoba (IMIBIC)/University of Cordoba/Reina Sofia University Hospital, Córdoba, Spain
| | - Alejandra Pera
- Immunology and Allergy Group (GC01), Maimonides Biomedical Research Institute of Cordoba (IMIBIC)/University of Cordoba/Reina Sofia University Hospital, Córdoba, Spain
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14
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Loh SX, Ekinci Y, Spray L, Jeyalan V, Olin T, Richardson G, Austin D, Alkhalil M, Spyridopoulos I. Fractalkine Signalling (CX 3CL1/CX 3CR1 Axis) as an Emerging Target in Coronary Artery Disease. J Clin Med 2023; 12:4821. [PMID: 37510939 PMCID: PMC10381654 DOI: 10.3390/jcm12144821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2023] [Revised: 07/18/2023] [Accepted: 07/19/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Acute myocardial infarction (MI) is the most common and dramatic complication of atherosclerosis, which, despite successful reperfusion therapy, can lead to incident heart failure (HF). HF occurs when the healing process is impaired due to adverse left ventricular remodelling, and can be the result of so-called ischaemia/reperfusion injury (IRI), visualised by the development of intramyocardial haemorrhage (IMH) or microvascular obstruction (MVO) in cardiac MRI. Thus far, translation of novel pharmacological strategies from preclinical studies to target either IRI or HF post MI have been largely unsuccessful. Anti-inflammatory therapies also carry the risk of affecting the immune system. Fractalkine (FKN, CX3CL1) is a unique chemokine, present as a transmembrane protein on the endothelium, or following cleavage as a soluble ligand, attracting leukocyte subsets expressing the corresponding receptor CX3CR1. We have shown previously that the fractalkine receptor CX3CR1 is associated with MVO in patients undergoing primary PCI. Moreover, inhibition of CX3CR1 with an allosteric small molecule antagonist (KAND567) in the rat MI model reduces acute infarct size, inflammation, and IMH. Here we review the cellular biology of fractalkine and its receptor, along with ongoing studies that introduce CX3CR1 as a future target in coronary artery disease, specifically in patients with myocardial infarction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shu Xian Loh
- Department of Cardiology, Freeman Hospital, Newcastle upon Tyne NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle upon Tyne NE7 7DN, UK; (S.X.L.); (V.J.); (M.A.)
| | - Yasemin Ekinci
- Translational Research Institute, Vascular Biology and Medicine Theme, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 7RU, UK; (Y.E.); (L.S.)
| | - Luke Spray
- Translational Research Institute, Vascular Biology and Medicine Theme, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 7RU, UK; (Y.E.); (L.S.)
| | - Visvesh Jeyalan
- Department of Cardiology, Freeman Hospital, Newcastle upon Tyne NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle upon Tyne NE7 7DN, UK; (S.X.L.); (V.J.); (M.A.)
- Academic Cardiovascular Unit, The James Cook University Hospital, Middlesbrough TS4 3BW, UK;
- Population Health Science Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 7RU, UK
| | - Thomas Olin
- Kancera AB, Karolinska Institutet Science Park, 171 65 Solna, Sweden;
| | - Gavin Richardson
- Biosciences Institute, Vascular Biology and Medicine Theme, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 7RU, UK;
| | - David Austin
- Academic Cardiovascular Unit, The James Cook University Hospital, Middlesbrough TS4 3BW, UK;
- Population Health Science Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 7RU, UK
| | - Mohammad Alkhalil
- Department of Cardiology, Freeman Hospital, Newcastle upon Tyne NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle upon Tyne NE7 7DN, UK; (S.X.L.); (V.J.); (M.A.)
- Translational Research Institute, Vascular Biology and Medicine Theme, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 7RU, UK; (Y.E.); (L.S.)
| | - Ioakim Spyridopoulos
- Department of Cardiology, Freeman Hospital, Newcastle upon Tyne NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle upon Tyne NE7 7DN, UK; (S.X.L.); (V.J.); (M.A.)
- Translational Research Institute, Vascular Biology and Medicine Theme, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 7RU, UK; (Y.E.); (L.S.)
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15
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Knoedler L, Knoedler S, Panayi AC, Lee CAA, Sadigh S, Huelsboemer L, Stoegner VA, Schroeter A, Kern B, Mookerjee V, Lian CG, Tullius SG, Murphy GF, Pomahac B, Kauke-Navarro M. Cellular activation pathways and interaction networks in vascularized composite allotransplantation. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1179355. [PMID: 37266446 PMCID: PMC10230044 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1179355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2023] [Accepted: 04/28/2023] [Indexed: 06/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Vascularized composite allotransplantation (VCA) is an evolving field of reconstructive surgery that has revolutionized the treatment of patients with devastating injuries, including those with limb losses or facial disfigurement. The transplanted units are typically comprised of different tissue types, including skin, mucosa, blood and lymphatic vasculature, muscle, and bone. It is widely accepted that the antigenicity of some VCA components, such as skin, is particularly potent in eliciting a strong recipient rejection response following transplantation. The fine line between tolerance and rejection of the graft is orchestrated by different cell types, including both donor and recipient-derived lymphocytes, macrophages, and other immune and donor-derived tissue cells (e.g., endothelium). Here, we delineate the role of different cell and tissue types during VCA rejection. Rejection of VCA grafts and the necessity of life-long multidrug immunosuppression remains one of the major challenges in this field. This review sheds light on recent developments in decoding the cellular signature of graft rejection in VCA and how these may, ultimately, influence the clinical management of VCA patients by way of novel therapies that target specific cellular processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leonard Knoedler
- Department of Plastic, Hand and Reconstructive Surgery, University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
- Division of Plastic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Yale New Haven Hospital, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, United States
| | - Samuel Knoedler
- Division of Plastic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Yale New Haven Hospital, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, United States
- Department of Surgery, Division of Plastic Surgery, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Adriana C. Panayi
- Department of Surgery, Division of Plastic Surgery, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
- Department of Hand, Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Microsurgery, Burn Center, BG Trauma Center Ludwigshafen, University of Heidelberg, Ludwigshafen, Germany
| | - Catherine A. A. Lee
- Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Sam Sadigh
- Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Lioba Huelsboemer
- Division of Plastic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Yale New Haven Hospital, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, United States
| | - Viola A. Stoegner
- Division of Plastic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Yale New Haven Hospital, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, United States
- Department of Plastic, Aesthetic, Hand and Reconstructive Surgery, Burn Center, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Andreas Schroeter
- Department of Plastic, Aesthetic, Hand and Reconstructive Surgery, Burn Center, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
- Division of Transplant Surgery, Department of Surgery, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Barbara Kern
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
| | - Vikram Mookerjee
- Division of Plastic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Yale New Haven Hospital, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, United States
| | - Christine G. Lian
- Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Stefan G. Tullius
- Division of Transplant Surgery, Department of Surgery, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - George F. Murphy
- Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Bohdan Pomahac
- Division of Plastic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Yale New Haven Hospital, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, United States
| | - Martin Kauke-Navarro
- Division of Plastic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Yale New Haven Hospital, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, United States
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16
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Iemmolo M, Ghersi G, Bivona G. The Cytokine CX3CL1 and ADAMs/MMPs in Concerted Cross-Talk Influencing Neurodegenerative Diseases. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24098026. [PMID: 37175729 PMCID: PMC10179166 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24098026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2023] [Revised: 04/27/2023] [Accepted: 04/27/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Neuroinflammation plays a fundamental role in the development and progression of neurodegenerative diseases. It could therefore be said that neuroinflammation in neurodegenerative pathologies is not a consequence but a cause of them and could represent a therapeutic target of neuronal degeneration. CX3CL1 and several proteases (ADAMs/MMPs) are strongly involved in the inflammatory pathways of these neurodegenerative pathologies with multiple effects. On the one hand, ADAMs have neuroprotective and anti-apoptotic effects; on the other hand, they target cytokines and chemokines, thus causing inflammatory processes and, consequently, neurodegeneration. CX3CL1 itself is a cytokine substrate for the ADAM, ADAM17, which cleaves and releases it in a soluble isoform (sCX3CL1). CX3CL1, as an adhesion molecule, on the one hand, plays an inhibiting role in the pro-inflammatory response in the central nervous system (CNS) and shows neuroprotective effects by binding its membrane receptor (CX3CR1) present into microglia cells and maintaining them in a quiescent state; on the other hand, the sCX3CL1 isoform seems to promote neurodegeneration. In this review, the dual roles of CX3CL1 and ADAMs/MMPs in different neurodegenerative diseases, such as Alzheimer's disease (AD), Parkinson's disease (PD), Huntington's disease (MH), and multiple sclerosis (MS), are investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matilda Iemmolo
- Department of Biological, Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies (STEBICEF), University of Palermo, 90128 Palermo, Italy
| | - Giulio Ghersi
- Department of Biological, Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies (STEBICEF), University of Palermo, 90128 Palermo, Italy
| | - Giulia Bivona
- Department of Biomedicine, Neurosciences and Advanced Diagnostics, Institute of Clinical Biochemistry, Clinical Molecular Medicine and Laboratory Medicine, University of Palermo, 90133 Palermo, Italy
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17
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He B, Zhan Y, Cai C, Yu D, Wei Q, Quan L, Huang D, Liu Y, Li Z, Liu L, Pan X. Common molecular mechanism and immune infiltration patterns of thoracic and abdominal aortic aneurysms. Front Immunol 2022; 13:1030976. [PMID: 36341412 PMCID: PMC9633949 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.1030976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2022] [Accepted: 10/10/2022] [Indexed: 01/02/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Aortic disease (aortic aneurysm (AA), dissection (AD)) is a serious threat to patient lives. Little is currently known about the molecular mechanisms and immune infiltration patterns underlying the development and progression of thoracic and abdominal aortic aneurysms (TAA and AAA), warranting further research. METHODS We downloaded AA (includes TAA and AAA) datasets from the GEO database. The potential biomarkers in TAA and AAA were identified using differential expression analysis and two machine-learning algorithms. The discrimination power of the potential biomarkers and their diagnostic accuracy was assessed in validation datasets using ROC curve analysis. Then, GSEA, KEGG, GO and DO analyses were conducted. Furthermore, two immuno-infiltration analysis algorithms were utilized to analyze the common immune infiltration patterns in TAA and AAA. Finally, a retrospective clinical study was performed on 78 patients with AD, and the serum from 6 patients was used for whole exome sequencing (WES). RESULTS The intersection of TAA and AAA datasets yielded 82 differentially expressed genes (DEGs). Subsequently, the biomarkers (CX3CR1 and HBB) were acquired by screening using two machine-learning algorithms and ROC curve analysis. The functional analysis of DEGs showed significant enrichment in inflammation and regulation of angiogenic pathways. Immune cell infiltration analysis revealed that adaptive and innate immune responses were closely linked to AA progression. However, neither CX3CR1 nor HBB was associated with B cell-mediated humoral immunity. CX3CR1 expression was correlated with macrophages and HBB with eosinophils. Finally, our retrospective clinical study revealed a hyperinflammatory environment in aortic disease. The WES study identified disease biomarkers and gene variants, some of which may be druggable. CONCLUSION The genes CX3CR1 and HBB can be used as common biomarkers in TAA and AAA. Large numbers of innate and adaptive immune cells are infiltrated in AA and are closely linked to the development and progression of AA. Moreover, CX3CR1 and HBB are highly correlated with the infiltration of immune cells and may be potential targets of immunotherapeutic drugs. Gene mutation research is a promising direction for the treatment of aortic disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin He
- Graduate School of Youjiang Medical University for Nationalities, Baise, China
| | - Ya Zhan
- The Third Hospital of MianYang, Sichuan Mental Health Center, MianYang, China
| | - Chunyu Cai
- Graduate School of Youjiang Medical University for Nationalities, Baise, China
| | - Dianyou Yu
- Graduate School of Youjiang Medical University for Nationalities, Baise, China
| | - Qinjiang Wei
- Department of Cardiology, Affiliated Hospital of Youjiang Medical University for Nationalities, Baise, China
| | - Liping Quan
- Graduate School of Youjiang Medical University for Nationalities, Baise, China
| | - Da Huang
- Department of Cardiology, Affiliated Hospital of Youjiang Medical University for Nationalities, Baise, China
| | - Yan Liu
- Department of Cardiology, Affiliated Hospital of Youjiang Medical University for Nationalities, Baise, China
| | - Zhile Li
- Department of Cardiology, Affiliated Hospital of Youjiang Medical University for Nationalities, Baise, China
| | - Li Liu
- Department of Cardiology, Affiliated Hospital of Youjiang Medical University for Nationalities, Baise, China
- College of Clinical Medicine, Youjiang Medical University for Nationalities, Baise, China
| | - Xingshou Pan
- Department of Cardiology, Affiliated Hospital of Youjiang Medical University for Nationalities, Baise, China
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Brakel KA, Ma Y, Binjawadagi R, Harder O, Watts M, Li J, Binjawadagi B, Niewiesk S. Codon-optimization of the respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) G protein expressed in a vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV) vector improves immune responses in a cotton rat model. Virology 2022; 575:101-110. [PMID: 36096069 DOI: 10.1016/j.virol.2022.08.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2022] [Revised: 08/17/2022] [Accepted: 08/31/2022] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
Abstract
Respiratory syncytial virus is an important cause of pneumonia in children, the elderly, and immunocompromised individuals. The attachment (G) protein of RSV generates neutralizing antibodies in natural RSV infection which correlate with protection against disease. The immune response to RSV is typically short-lived, which may be related to the heavy glycosylation of RSV-G. In order to improve its immunogenicity, we expressed G protein mutants in a vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV) vector system and tested their ability to protect cotton rats from RSV challenge. We found that the most protective construct was codon-optimized RSV-G, followed by wild-type G and membrane-bound G. Constructs which expressed the G protein with reduced glycosylation or the secreted G protein provided either partial or no protection. Our results demonstrate that modifications to the G protein are not advantageous in a VSV vector system, and that an intact, codon-optimized G is a superior vaccine candidate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelsey A Brakel
- Department of Veterinary Biosciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Yuanmei Ma
- Department of Veterinary Biosciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Rashmi Binjawadagi
- Department of Veterinary Biosciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Olivia Harder
- Department of Veterinary Biosciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Mauria Watts
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Jianrong Li
- Department of Veterinary Biosciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Basavaraj Binjawadagi
- Department of Veterinary Biosciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States; Ceva Sante Animale, Lenexa, KS, United States
| | - Stefan Niewiesk
- Department of Veterinary Biosciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States.
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Kumar R, Bhatia M, Pai K. Role of Chemokines in the Pathogenesis of Visceral Leishmaniasis. Curr Med Chem 2022; 29:5441-5461. [DOI: 10.2174/0929867329666220509171244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2021] [Revised: 12/23/2021] [Accepted: 03/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Abstract:
Visceral leishmaniasis (VL; also known as kala-azar), caused by the protozoan parasite Leishmania donovani is characterized by the inability of the host to generate an effective immune response. The manifestations of the disease depends on involvement of various immune components such as activation of macrophages, cell mediated immunity, secretion of cytokines and chemokines, etc. Macrophages are the final host cells for Leishmania parasites to multiply, and they are the key to a controlled or aggravated response that leads to clinical symptoms. The two most common macrophage phenotypes are M1 and M2. The pro-inflammatory microenvironment (mainly by IL-1β, IL-6, IL-12, IL-23, and TNF-α cytokines) and tissue injury driven by classically activated macrophages (M1-like) and wound healing driven by alternatively activated macrophages (M2-like) in an anti-inflammatory environment (mainly by IL-10, TGF-β, chemokine ligand (CCL)1, CCL2, CCL17, CCL18, and CCL22). Moreover, on polarized Th cells, chemokine receptors are expressed differently. Typically, CXCR3 and CCR5 are preferentially expressed on polarized Th1 cells, whereas CCR3, CCR4 and CCR8 have been associated with the Th2 phenotype. Further, the ability of the host to produce a cell-mediated immune response capable of regulating and/or eliminating the parasite is critical in the fight against the disease. Here, we review the interactions between parasites and chemokines and chemokines receptors in the pathogenesis of VL.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Kalpana Pai
- Savitribai Phule Pune University, Pune, Maharashtra
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20
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Zheng C, Xuan W, Chen Z, Zhang R, Huang X, Zhu Y, Ma S, Chen K, Chen L, He M, Lin H, Liao W, Bin J, Liao Y. CX3CL1 Worsens Cardiorenal Dysfunction and Serves as a Therapeutic Target of Canagliflozin for Cardiorenal Syndrome. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:848310. [PMID: 35370759 PMCID: PMC8971671 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.848310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2022] [Accepted: 03/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The prognosis of cardiorenal dysfunction induced by diabetes mellitus (DM), which belongs to cardiorenal syndrome type 5, is poor and its pathogenesis remains elusive. We have reported that CX3CL1 exacerbated heart failure and direct inhibition of CX3CL1 improved cardiac function. Emerging evidence supports that CX3CL1 is involved in renal impairment. Here we attempt to clarify whether CX3CL1 might be a therapeutic target for cardiorenal dysfunction in diabetes. We found that cardiac and renal CX3CL1 protein levels were significantly increased in both streptozotocin-induced diabetic mice and in non-obese diabetic mice, and that hyperglycemia led to persistent CX3CL1 expression in the heart and kidneys even after it was controlled by insulin. In cultured cardiac and renal cells, soluble CX3CL1 accelerated mitochondrial-dependent apoptosis via activation of the RhoA/ROCK1-Bax signaling pathway and promoted fibrosis through cellular phenotypic trans-differentiation mediated by the TGF-β/Smad pathway. In the two diabetic mouse models, knockout of CX3CL1 receptor CX3CR1 or treatment with an CX3CL1 neutralizing antibody significantly improved cardiorenal dysfunction by inhibiting apoptosis, mitochondrial dysfunction, and fibrosis. Moreover, sodium glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitor canagliflozin significantly downregulated cardiac and renal CX3CL1 expression and improved cardiorenal dysfunction. These findings indicate that CX3CL1 could be a new therapeutic target for diabetes-induced cardiorenal dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cankun Zheng
- Department of Cardiology, State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Shock and Microcirculation, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wanling Xuan
- Department of Cardiology, State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Shock and Microcirculation, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Wanling Xuan, ; Yulin Liao,
| | - Zhenhuan Chen
- Department of Cardiology, State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Shock and Microcirculation, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- Department of Cardiology, Jiangxi Provincial People’s Hospital Affiliated to Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Rui Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Shock and Microcirculation, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaoxia Huang
- Department of Cardiology, State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Shock and Microcirculation, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yingqi Zhu
- Department of Cardiology, State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Shock and Microcirculation, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Siyuan Ma
- Department of Cardiology, State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Shock and Microcirculation, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Kaitong Chen
- Department of Cardiology, State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Shock and Microcirculation, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lu Chen
- Department of Cardiology, State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Shock and Microcirculation, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Mingyuan He
- Department of Cardiology, State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Shock and Microcirculation, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hairuo Lin
- Department of Cardiology, State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Shock and Microcirculation, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wangjun Liao
- Department of Oncology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jianping Bin
- Department of Cardiology, State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Shock and Microcirculation, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- National Clinical Research Center of Kidney Disease, Guangdong Provincial Institute of Nephrology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yulin Liao
- Department of Cardiology, State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Shock and Microcirculation, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- National Clinical Research Center of Kidney Disease, Guangdong Provincial Institute of Nephrology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Wanling Xuan, ; Yulin Liao,
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21
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Modulatory Effects of Fractalkine on Inflammatory Response and Iron Metabolism of Lipopolysaccharide and Lipoteichoic Acid-Activated THP-1 Macrophages. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23052629. [PMID: 35269771 PMCID: PMC8910483 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23052629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2022] [Revised: 02/23/2022] [Accepted: 02/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Fractalkine (CX3CL1) acts as a chemokine as well as a regulator of iron metabolism. Fractalkine binds CX3CR1, the fractalkine receptor on the surface of monocytes/macrophages regulating different intracellular signalling pathways such as mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK), phospholipase C (PLC) and NFκB contributing to the production of pro-inflammatory cytokine synthesis, and the regulation of cell growth, differentiation, proliferation and metabolism. In this study, we focused on the modulatory effects of fractalkine on the immune response and on the iron metabolism of Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa lipopolysaccharides (LPS) and Staphylococcus aureus lipoteichoic acid (LTA) activated THP-1 cells to get a deeper insight into the role of soluble fractalkine in the regulation of the innate immune system. Pro-inflammatory cytokine secretions of the fractalkine-treated, LPS/LTA-treated, and co-treated THP-1 cells were determined using ELISArray and ELISA measurements. We analysed the protein expression levels of signalling molecules regulated by CX3CR1 as well as hepcidin, the major iron regulatory hormone, the iron transporters, the iron storage proteins and mitochondrial iron utilization. The results showed that fractalkine treatment alone did not affect the pro-inflammatory cytokine secretion, but it was proposed to act as a regulator of the iron metabolism of THP-1 cells. In the case of two different LPS and one type of LTA with fractalkine co-treatments, fractalkine was able to alter the levels of signalling proteins (NFκB, PSTAT3, Nrf2/Keap-1) regulating the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines as well as hepcidin, and the iron storage and utilization of the THP-1 cells.
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22
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Kanzawa T, Tokita D, Saiga K, Yamakawa T, Ishigooka H, Fukuda H, Katsumata H, Miyairi S, Ishii R, Hirai T, Imai T, Okumi M, Tanabe K. Role of Fractalkine-CX3CR1 Axis in Acute Rejection of Mouse Heart Allografts Subjected to Ischemia Reperfusion Injury. Transpl Int 2022; 35:10157. [PMID: 35185378 PMCID: PMC8842273 DOI: 10.3389/ti.2022.10157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2021] [Accepted: 01/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Transplantation outcomes are affected by the increase in rejection associated with ischemia reperfusion injury (IRI). Fractalkine (FKN), a chemokine for recruitment of CX3CR1+ leukocytes, contributes to the pathogenesis of various inflammatory diseases. Herein, we evaluated the importance of the FKN-CX3CR1 axis during IRI-related rejections using a mouse heterotopic heart transplantation model. FKN expression and graft survival was compared between wild-type C57BL/6 recipients transplanted with BALB/c hearts preserved for 8 (WT-IRI) and 0.5 h (WT-control) at 4°C. Graft survival of WT-IRI was shorter than that of WT-control. FKN was expressed on the vascular endothelium in WT-IRI allografts, but minimally in WT-control. The role of the FKN-CX3CR1 axis in IRI-related rejection was directly investigated using the transplant model with CX3CR1-deficient recipients (CX3CR1 KO-IRI) or treatment with anti-mouse FKN monoclonal antibodies. Graft survival of CX3CR1 KO-IRI was longer than that of WT-IRI; antibody treatment prolonged graft survival. The contribution of CX3CR1+ monocytes to IRI-related rejection was evaluated by adoptive transfer to CX3CR1 KO-IRI. Adoptive transfer of CX3CR1+ monocytes attenuated the effect of prolonged graft survival in CX3CR1 KO-IRI. Overall, the FKN-CX3CR1 axis plays a major role during IRI-related rejection; its blockade has the potential to improve the outcomes of deceased donor transplantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taichi Kanzawa
- Department of Urology, Tokyo Women’s Medical University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Daisuke Tokita
- Department of Urology, Tokyo Women’s Medical University, Tokyo, Japan
- Clinical and Academic Research Promotion Center, Tokyo Women’s Medical University, Tokyo, Japan
- *Correspondence: Daisuke Tokita, ; Kan Saiga,
| | - Kan Saiga
- Department of Urology, Tokyo Women’s Medical University, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Urology, Jyoban Hospital of Tokiwa Foundation, Fukushima, Japan
- *Correspondence: Daisuke Tokita, ; Kan Saiga,
| | - Takafumi Yamakawa
- Department of Urology, Tokyo Women’s Medical University, Tokyo, Japan
| | | | - Hironori Fukuda
- Department of Urology, Tokyo Women’s Medical University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Haruki Katsumata
- Department of Urology, Tokyo Women’s Medical University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Satoshi Miyairi
- Department of Urology, Tokyo Women’s Medical University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Rumi Ishii
- Department of Urology, Tokyo Women’s Medical University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Toshihito Hirai
- Department of Urology, Tokyo Women’s Medical University, Tokyo, Japan
| | | | - Masayoshi Okumi
- Department of Urology, Tokyo Women’s Medical University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kazunari Tanabe
- Department of Urology, Tokyo Women’s Medical University, Tokyo, Japan
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Palano MT, Cucchiara M, Gallazzi M, Riccio F, Mortara L, Gensini GF, Spinetti G, Ambrosio G, Bruno A. When a Friend Becomes Your Enemy: Natural Killer Cells in Atherosclerosis and Atherosclerosis-Associated Risk Factors. Front Immunol 2022; 12:798155. [PMID: 35095876 PMCID: PMC8793801 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.798155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2021] [Accepted: 12/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Atherosclerosis (ATS), the change in structure and function of arteries with associated lesion formation and altered blood flow, is the leading cause of cardiovascular disease, the number one killer worldwide. Beyond dyslipidemia, chronic inflammation, together with aberrant phenotype and function of cells of both the innate and adaptive immune system, are now recognized as relevant contributors to atherosclerosis onset and progression. While the role of macrophages and T cells in atherosclerosis has been addressed in several studies, Natural Killer cells (NKs) represent a poorly explored immune cell type, that deserves attention, due to NKs’ emerging contribution to vascular homeostasis. Furthermore, the possibility to re-polarize the immune system has emerged as a relevant tool to design new therapies, with some succesfull exmples in the field of cancer immunotherapy. Thus, a deeper knowledge of NK cell pathophysiology in the context of atherosclerosis and atherosclerosis-associated risk factors could help developing new preventive and treatment strategies, and decipher the complex scenario/history from “the risk factors for atherosclerosis” Here, we review the current knowledge about NK cell phenotype and activities in atherosclerosis and selected atherosclerosis risk factors, namely type-2 diabetes and obesity, and discuss the related NK-cell oriented environmental signals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Teresa Palano
- Laboratory of Innate Immunity, Unit of Molecular Pathology, Biochemistry and Immunology, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS) MultiMedica, Milano, Italy
| | - Martina Cucchiara
- Laboratory of Immunology and General Pathology, Department of Biotechnology and Life Sciences, University of Insubria, Varese, Italy
| | - Matteo Gallazzi
- Laboratory of Immunology and General Pathology, Department of Biotechnology and Life Sciences, University of Insubria, Varese, Italy
| | - Federica Riccio
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Physiopathology-Regenerative Medicine, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS) MultiMedica, Milano, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Mortara
- Laboratory of Immunology and General Pathology, Department of Biotechnology and Life Sciences, University of Insubria, Varese, Italy
| | - Gian Franco Gensini
- Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS) MultiMedica, Milano, Italy
| | - Gaia Spinetti
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Physiopathology-Regenerative Medicine, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS) MultiMedica, Milano, Italy
| | | | - Antonino Bruno
- Laboratory of Innate Immunity, Unit of Molecular Pathology, Biochemistry and Immunology, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS) MultiMedica, Milano, Italy
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Hayden MR, Tyagi SC. Impaired Folate-Mediated One-Carbon Metabolism in Type 2 Diabetes, Late-Onset Alzheimer's Disease and Long COVID. MEDICINA (KAUNAS, LITHUANIA) 2021; 58:16. [PMID: 35056324 PMCID: PMC8779539 DOI: 10.3390/medicina58010016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2021] [Revised: 12/18/2021] [Accepted: 12/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Impaired folate-mediated one-carbon metabolism (FOCM) is associated with many pathologies and developmental abnormalities. FOCM is a metabolic network of interdependent biosynthetic pathways that is known to be compartmentalized in the cytoplasm, mitochondria and nucleus. Currently, the biochemical mechanisms and causal metabolic pathways responsible for the initiation and/or progression of folate-associated pathologies have yet to be fully established. This review specifically examines the role of impaired FOCM in type 2 diabetes mellitus, Alzheimer's disease and the emerging Long COVID/post-acute sequelae of SARS-CoV-2 (PASC). Importantly, elevated homocysteine may be considered a biomarker for impaired FOCM, which is known to result in increased oxidative-redox stress. Therefore, the incorporation of hyperhomocysteinemia will be discussed in relation to impaired FOCM in each of the previously listed clinical diseases. This review is intended to fill gaps in knowledge associated with these clinical diseases and impaired FOCM. Additionally, some of the therapeutics will be discussed at this early time point in studying impaired FOCM in each of the above clinical disease states. It is hoped that this review will allow the reader to better understand the role of FOCM in the development and treatment of clinical disease states that may be associated with impaired FOCM and how to restore a more normal functional role for FOCM through improved nutrition and/or restoring the essential water-soluble B vitamins through oral supplementation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melvin R. Hayden
- Departments of Internal Medicine, Endocrinology Diabetes and Metabolism Diabetes and Cardiovascular Disease Center, University of Missouri School of Medicine, Columbia, MO 65212, USA
| | - Suresh C. Tyagi
- Department of Physiology, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY 40202, USA;
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25
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Proteomic profiling of MIS-C patients indicates heterogeneity relating to interferon gamma dysregulation and vascular endothelial dysfunction. Nat Commun 2021; 12:7222. [PMID: 34893640 PMCID: PMC8664884 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-27544-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2021] [Accepted: 11/25/2021] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Multi-system Inflammatory Syndrome in Children (MIS-C) is a major complication of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection in pediatric patients. Weeks after an often mild or asymptomatic initial infection with SARS-CoV-2 children may present with a severe shock-like picture and marked inflammation. Children with MIS-C present with varying degrees of cardiovascular and hyperinflammatory symptoms. Here we perform a comprehensive analysis of the plasma proteome of more than 1400 proteins in children with SARS-CoV-2. We hypothesize that the proteome would reflect heterogeneity in hyperinflammation and vascular injury, and further identify pathogenic mediators of disease. We show that protein signatures demonstrate overlap between MIS-C, and the inflammatory syndromes macrophage activation syndrome (MAS) and thrombotic microangiopathy (TMA). We demonstrate that PLA2G2A is an important marker of MIS-C that associates with TMA. We find that IFNγ responses are dysregulated in MIS-C patients, and that IFNγ levels delineate clinical heterogeneity.
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Multifaceted Roles of Chemokines and Chemokine Receptors in Tumor Immunity. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13236132. [PMID: 34885241 PMCID: PMC8656932 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13236132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2021] [Revised: 11/26/2021] [Accepted: 12/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Various immune cells are involved in host immune responses to cancer. T-helper (Th) 1 cells, cytotoxic CD8+ T cells, and natural killer cells are the major effector cells in anti-tumor immunity, whereas cells such as regulatory T cells and myeloid-derived suppressor cells are negatively involved in anti-tumor immunity. Th2 cells and Th17 cells have been shown to have both pro-tumor and anti-tumor activities. The migratory properties of various immune cells are essential for their function and critically regulated by the chemokine superfamily. In this review, we summarize the roles of various immune cells in tumor immunity and their migratory regulation by the chemokine superfamily. We also assess the therapeutic possibilities of targeting chemokines and chemokine receptors in cancer immunotherapy. Abstract Various immune cells are involved in host tumor immune responses. In particular, there are many T cell subsets with different roles in tumor immunity. T-helper (Th) 1 cells are involved in cellular immunity and thus play the major role in host anti-tumor immunity by inducing and activating cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs). On the other hand, Th2 cells are involved in humoral immunity and suppressive to Th1 responses. Regulatory T (Treg) cells negatively regulate immune responses and contribute to immune evasion of tumor cells. Th17 cells are involved in inflammatory responses and may play a role in tumor progression. However, recent studies have also shown that Th17 cells are capable of directly inducting CTLs and thus may promote anti-tumor immunity. Besides these T cell subsets, there are many other innate immune cells such as dendritic cells (DCs), natural killer (NK) cells, and myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) that are involved in host immune responses to cancer. The migratory properties of various immune cells are critical for their functions and largely regulated by the chemokine superfamily. Thus, chemokines and chemokine receptors play vital roles in the orchestration of host immune responses to cancer. In this review, we overview the various immune cells involved in host responses to cancer and their migratory properties regulated by the chemokine superfamily. Understanding the roles of chemokines and chemokine receptors in host immune responses to cancer may provide new therapeutic opportunities for cancer immunotherapy.
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Stothert AR, Kaur T. Innate Immunity to Spiral Ganglion Neuron Loss: A Neuroprotective Role of Fractalkine Signaling in Injured Cochlea. Front Cell Neurosci 2021; 15:694292. [PMID: 34408629 PMCID: PMC8365835 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2021.694292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2021] [Accepted: 07/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Immune system dysregulation is increasingly being attributed to the development of a multitude of neurodegenerative diseases. This, in large part, is due to the delicate relationship that exists between neurons in the central nervous system (CNS) and peripheral nervous system (PNS), and the resident immune cells that aid in homeostasis and immune surveillance within a tissue. Classically, the inner ear was thought to be immune privileged due to the presence of a blood-labyrinth barrier. However, it is now well-established that both vestibular and auditory end organs in the inner ear contain a resident (local) population of macrophages which are the phagocytic cells of the innate-immune system. Upon cochlear sterile injury or infection, there is robust activation of these resident macrophages and a predominant increase in the numbers of macrophages as well as other types of leukocytes. Despite this, the source, nature, fate, and functions of these immune cells during cochlear physiology and pathology remains unclear. Migration of local macrophages and infiltration of bone-marrow-derived peripheral blood macrophages into the damaged cochlea occur through various signaling cascades, mediated by the release of specific chemical signals from damaged sensory and non-sensory cells of the cochlea. One such signaling pathway is CX3CL1-CX3CR1, or fractalkine (FKN) signaling, a direct line of communication between macrophages and sensory inner hair cells (IHCs) and spiral ganglion neurons (SGNs) of the cochlea. Despite the known importance of this neuron-immune axis in CNS function and pathology, until recently it was not clear whether this signaling axis played a role in macrophage chemotaxis and SGN survival following cochlear injury. In this review, we will explore the importance of innate immunity in neurodegenerative disease development, specifically focusing on the regulation of the CX3CL1-CX3CR1 axis, and present evidence for a role of FKN signaling in cochlear neuroprotection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew Rigel Stothert
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine, Creighton University, Omaha, NE, United States
| | - Tejbeer Kaur
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine, Creighton University, Omaha, NE, United States
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Matsuoka K, Naganuma M, Hibi T, Tsubouchi H, Oketani K, Katsurabara T, Hojo S, Takenaka O, Kawano T, Imai T, Kanai T. Phase 1 study on the safety and efficacy of E6011, antifractalkine antibody, in patients with Crohn's disease. J Gastroenterol Hepatol 2021; 36:2180-2186. [PMID: 33599356 PMCID: PMC8451784 DOI: 10.1111/jgh.15463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2020] [Revised: 11/16/2020] [Accepted: 12/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIM E6011 is a humanized monoclonal antibody targeting fractalkine (FKN), a CX3C chemokine, which regulates leukocyte trafficking during inflammation. We evaluated the safety and pharmacokinetic profile of E6011 in patients with Crohn's disease (CD) and also performed preliminary pharmacodynamic (PD) and efficacy assessments. METHODS This study included a 12-week multiple ascending dose (MAD) phase (2, 5, 10, and 15 mg/kg intravenously every 2 weeks, n = 6, 8, 7, and 7, respectively) and a 40-week Extension phase (n = 12) at the same dose as the MAD phase. Serum E6011, serum total FKN (free soluble FKN and E6011-FKN complex) as a PD marker and CD activity index were evaluated. The primary outcome was safety assessment in the MAD phase. RESULTS Twenty-seven (96%) of 28 patients had previously been treated with anti-tumor necrosis factor α agents. During the MAD phase, adverse events (AEs) occurred in 18 (64%). The most common AE was nasopharyngitis (five patients, 18%). No severe AEs occurred. Serious AEs occurred in three patients, progression of CD in two, and anemia in one. Serum E6011 concentrations increased dose-dependently after infusion and reached a plateau around 4-6 weeks. Serum total FKN rose simultaneously. Five (18%) patients developed anti-E6011 antibodies during the study. Overall, clinical response and clinical remission were observed at Week 12 in 40% (10/25) and 16% (4/25) of active CD patients, respectively. CONCLUSION E6011 was well-tolerated and might be effective in CD patients. These findings need to be clarified in a randomized controlled study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katsuyoshi Matsuoka
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal MedicineKeio University School of MedicineTokyoJapan
| | - Makoto Naganuma
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal MedicineKeio University School of MedicineTokyoJapan
| | - Toshifumi Hibi
- Center for Advanced IBD Research and TreatmentKitasato University Kitasato Institute HospitalTokyoJapan
| | | | - Kiyoshi Oketani
- Clinical Development DepartmentEA Pharma Co., Ltd.TokyoJapan
| | | | - Seiichiro Hojo
- Clinical Data Science DepartmentMedicine Development Center, Eisai Co., Ltd.TokyoJapan
| | - Osamu Takenaka
- Clinical Pharmacology Science DepartmentMedicine Development Center, Eisai Co., Ltd.TokyoJapan
| | - Tetsu Kawano
- Research and DevelopmentKAN Research Institute, Inc.TokyoJapan
| | - Toshio Imai
- Research and DevelopmentKAN Research Institute, Inc.TokyoJapan
| | - Takanori Kanai
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal MedicineKeio University School of MedicineTokyoJapan
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Hamdan D, Robinson LA. Role of the CX 3CL1-CX 3CR1 axis in renal disease. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 2021; 321:F121-F134. [PMID: 34121453 DOI: 10.1152/ajprenal.00059.2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2021] [Accepted: 06/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Excessive infiltration of immune cells into the kidney is a key feature of acute and chronic kidney diseases. The family of chemokines comprises key drivers of this process. Fractalkine [chemokine (C-X3-C motif) ligand 1 (CX3CL1)] is one of two unique chemokines synthesized as a transmembrane protein that undergoes proteolytic cleavage to generate a soluble species. Through interacting with its cognate receptor, chemokine (C-X3-C motif) receptor 1 (CX3CR1), CX3CL1 was originally shown to act as a conventional chemoattractant in the soluble form and as an adhesion molecule in the transmembrane form. Since then, other functions of CX3CL1 beyond leukocyte recruitment have been described, including cell survival, immunosurveillance, and cell-mediated cytotoxicity. This review summarizes diverse roles of CX3CL1 in kidney disease and potential uses as a therapeutic target and novel biomarker. As the CX3CL1-CX3CR1 axis has been shown to contribute to both detrimental and protective effects in various kidney diseases, a thorough understanding of how the expression and function of CX3CL1 are regulated is needed to unlock its therapeutic potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana Hamdan
- Program in Cell Biology, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Lisa A Robinson
- Program in Cell Biology, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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Tumpara S, Ballmaier M, Wrenger S, König M, Lehmann M, Lichtinghagen R, Martinez-Delgado B, Korenbaum E, DeLuca D, Jedicke N, Welte T, Fromme M, Strnad P, Stolk J, Janciauskiene S. Polymerization of misfolded Z alpha-1 antitrypsin protein lowers CX3CR1 expression in human PBMCs. eLife 2021; 10:64881. [PMID: 34002692 PMCID: PMC8205483 DOI: 10.7554/elife.64881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2020] [Accepted: 05/16/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Expression levels of CX3CR1 (C-X3-C motif chemokine receptor 1) on immune cells have significant importance in maintaining tissue homeostasis under physiological and pathological conditions. The factors implicated in the regulation of CX3CR1 and its specific ligand CX3CL1 (fractalkine) expression remain largely unknown. Recent studies provide evidence that host’s misfolded proteins occurring in the forms of polymers or amyloid fibrils can regulate CX3CR1 expression. Herein, a novel example demonstrates that polymers of human ZZ alpha-1 antitrypsin (Z-AAT) protein, resulting from its conformational misfolding due to the Z (Glu342Lys) mutation in SERPINA1 gene, strongly lower CX3CR1 mRNA expression in human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs). This parallels with increase of intracellular levels of CX3CR1 and Z-AAT proteins. Presented data indicate the involvement of the CX3CR1 pathway in the Z-AAT-related disorders and further support the role of misfolded proteins in CX3CR1 regulation. Proteins can lose their structure and form polymers because of mutations or changes in their immediate environment which can lead to cell damage and disease. Interestingly, polymers formed by a variety of proteins can reduce the levels of CX3C chemokine receptor 1 (CX3CR1 for short) that controls the behaviour of immune cells and is implicated in a range of illnesses. Inherited ZZ alpha-1 antitrypsin deficiency is a rare genetic condition that highly increases the risk of liver and lung diseases. This disorder is characterised by mutant alpha-1 antitrypsin proteins (AAT for short) reacting together to form polymers; yet it remains unclear how the polymers affect different cells or organs, and lead to diseases. To investigate this question, Tumpara et al. examined whether polymers of mutant AAT influence the level of the CX3CR1 protein in specific classes of immune cells. Experiments revealed that in people with AAT deficiency, certain blood immune cells express lower levels of CX3CR1. Regardless of age, clinical diagnosis, or treatment regimen, all individuals with ZZ alpha-1 antitrypsin deficiency had AAT polymers circulating in their blood: the higher the levels of polymers measured, the lower the expression of CX3CR1 recorded in the specific immune cells. When Tumpara et al. added polymers of mutant AAT to the immune cells of healthy donors, the expression of CX3CR1 dropped in a manner dependent on the polymer concentration. According to microscopy data, AAT polymers occurred inside cells alongside the CX3CR1 protein, suggesting that the two molecular actors interact. In the future, new drugs that remove these polymers, either from inside cells or as they circulate in the body, could help patients suffering from conditions associated with this abnormal protein aggregation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Srinu Tumpara
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Hannover Medical School, Biomedical Research in Endstage and Obstructive Lung Disease Hannover (BREATH), Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Hannover, Germany
| | | | - Sabine Wrenger
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Hannover Medical School, Biomedical Research in Endstage and Obstructive Lung Disease Hannover (BREATH), Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Hannover, Germany
| | | | | | - Ralf Lichtinghagen
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Beatriz Martinez-Delgado
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Institute of Health Carlos III, Center for Biomedical Research in the Network of Rare Diseases (CIBERER), Majadahonda, Spain
| | - Elena Korenbaum
- Institute for Biophysical Chemistry, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - David DeLuca
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Hannover Medical School, Biomedical Research in Endstage and Obstructive Lung Disease Hannover (BREATH), Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Hannover, Germany
| | - Nils Jedicke
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Endocrinology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Tobias Welte
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Hannover Medical School, Biomedical Research in Endstage and Obstructive Lung Disease Hannover (BREATH), Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Hannover, Germany
| | - Malin Fromme
- Medical Clinic III, Gastroenterology, Metabolic Diseases and Intensive Care, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Aachen, Germany
| | - Pavel Strnad
- Medical Clinic III, Gastroenterology, Metabolic Diseases and Intensive Care, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Aachen, Germany
| | - Jan Stolk
- Department of Pulmonology, Leiden University Medical Center, Member of European Reference Network LUNG, section Alpha-1-antitrypsin Deficiency, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Sabina Janciauskiene
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Hannover Medical School, Biomedical Research in Endstage and Obstructive Lung Disease Hannover (BREATH), Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Hannover, Germany.,Department of Pulmonology, Leiden University Medical Center, Member of European Reference Network LUNG, section Alpha-1-antitrypsin Deficiency, Leiden, Netherlands
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CX3CR1 at V249M and T280M Gene Polymorphism and Its Potential Risk for End-Stage Renal Diseases in Egyptian Patients. Int J Nephrol 2021; 2021:6634365. [PMID: 33986961 PMCID: PMC8093072 DOI: 10.1155/2021/6634365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2020] [Revised: 04/07/2021] [Accepted: 04/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
CX3CL1-CX3CR1 pathway may be one of the future treatment targets to delay the progression of end-stage renal diseases. This study aimed to evaluate the CX3CR gene polymorphism in Egyptian patients with ESRD and its relation to fractalkine blood level. The study included 100 patients with ESRD on dialysis, 61 males and 39 females with mean age 51.02 ± 7.8 years. The V2491 genotype revealed a significant increase in the frequency of GG genotype in healthy control (83%) compared to patients [69%] with a significant increase in GA in patients [30%] compared to control subjects [15%], P = 0.03. T280M study showed a statistically significant prevalence of TT genotype in healthy control subjects [86%-OR 95% CI 1.7] compared to patients [70%] with a significant increase in the prevalence of TA in patients [29%] compared to control subjects [13%], P = 0.01. There was a significant increase in fractalkine levels in genotypes GA + AA [503.04±224.1] pg/ml compared to genotype GG [423.6 210.3], P = 0.03. Moreover, there was a significant increase in the blood level of fractalkine in genotype TA + AA [498.8 219.6] compared to genotype TT [426.8±212.8], P = 0.05. In conclusion, our study showed that both V2491-GA genotype and T280M-TA are associated with potential risk for end-stage renal disease in Egyptian patients.
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Diorio C, Shraim R, Vella LA, Giles JR, Baxter AE, Oldridge DA, Canna SW, Henrickson SE, McNerney KO, Balamuth F, Burudpakdee C, Lee J, Leng T, Farrell A, Lambert MP, Sullivan KE, John Wherry E, Teachey DT, Bassiri H, Behrens EM. Proteomic Profiling of MIS-C Patients Reveals Heterogeneity Relating to Interferon Gamma Dysregulation and Vascular Endothelial Dysfunction. MEDRXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR HEALTH SCIENCES 2021:2021.04.13.21255439. [PMID: 33907759 PMCID: PMC8077582 DOI: 10.1101/2021.04.13.21255439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Multi-system Inflammatory Syndrome in Children (MIS-C) is a major complication of the Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) pandemic in pediatric patients. Weeks after an often mild or asymptomatic initial infection with SARS-CoV-2 children may present with a severe shock-like picture and marked inflammation. Children with MIS-C present with varying degrees of cardiovascular and hyperinflammatory symptoms. We performed a comprehensive analysis of the plasma proteome of more than 1400 proteins in children with SARS-CoV-2. We hypothesized that the proteome would reflect heterogeneity in hyperinflammation and vascular injury, and further identify pathogenic mediators of disease. Protein signatures demonstrated overlap between MIS-C, and the inflammatory syndromes macrophage activation syndrome (MAS) and thrombotic microangiopathy (TMA). We demonstrate that PLA2G2A is a key marker of MIS-C that associates with TMA. We found that IFNγ responses are dysregulated in MIS-C patients, and that IFNγ levels delineate clinical heterogeneity.
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Ryan MM, Patel M, Hogan K, Lipat AJ, Scandolara R, Das R, Bruker C, Galipeau J, Chinnadurai R. Ruxolitinib Inhibits IFNγ Licensing of Human Bone Marrow Derived Mesenchymal Stromal Cells. Transplant Cell Ther 2021; 27:389.e1-389.e10. [PMID: 33965175 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtct.2021.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2020] [Revised: 02/01/2021] [Accepted: 02/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Ruxolitinib is a JAK2/JAK1 inhibitor that blocks the inflammatory JAK-STAT signaling pathway. Ruxolitinib has been demonstrated to be effective in the treatment of steroid-resistant acute graft-versus-host disease (GVHD). Ruxolitinib's effect on inflammatory cells of hematopoietic origin is known. However, its effect on nonhematopoietic cell types with immune-modulating and antigen-presenting cell competency plausibly involved in pathogenesis of GVHD has not been explored. Mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) are CD45- nonhematopoietic cells of the bone marrow with immune modulatory functions in vivo. MSCs' immunobiology largely depends on their responsiveness to IFNγ. We aimed to define the effect of ruxolitinib on the immunobiology of MSCs that are modulated by IFNγ. Human bone marrow derived MSCs, peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs), and primary bone marrow aspirates were analyzed for their sensitivity to ruxolitinib-mediated blocking of IFNγ-induced STAT-1 phosphorylation and downstream effector molecules, utilizing Western blot, flow cytometry, secretome analysis, and phosflow techniques. IFNγ-induced cytostatic effects on MSCs are reversed by ruxolitinib. Ruxolitinib inhibits IFNγ and secretome of activated peripheral PBMC-induced STAT-1 phosphorylation on human bone marrow derived MSCs. In addition, ruxolitinib inhibits IFNγ-induced pro-GVHD pathways on MSCs, which includes HLAABC(MHCI), HLADR(MHCII), CX3CL1, and CCL2. IFNγ-induced immunosuppressive molecules IDO and PDL-1 were also inhibited by ruxolitinib on MSCs. Comparative analysis with PBMCs has demonstrated that MSCs are as equal as to HLADR+ PBMC populations in responding to ruxolitinib-mediated inhibition of IFNγ-induced STAT-1 phosphorylation. Ex vivo analysis of human marrow aspirates has demonstrated that ruxolitinib blocks IFNγ-induced STAT-1 phosphorylation in CD45+/-HLADR+/- populations at different levels, which is depending on their sensitivity to IFNγ responsiveness. These results inform the hypothesis that ruxolitinib's immune-modulatory effects in vivo may pharmacologically involve marrow and tissue-resident MSCs. Ruxolitinib affects the immunobiology of MSCs equivalent to professional HLADR+ antigen presenting cells, which collectively mitigate GVHD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Molly Mercedes Ryan
- Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin Carbone Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin
| | - Mihir Patel
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Mercer University School of Medicine, Savannah, Georgia
| | - Keenan Hogan
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Mercer University School of Medicine, Savannah, Georgia
| | - Ariel Joy Lipat
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Mercer University School of Medicine, Savannah, Georgia
| | - Rafaela Scandolara
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Mercer University School of Medicine, Savannah, Georgia
| | - Rahul Das
- Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin Carbone Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin
| | - Charles Bruker
- Department of Pathology, Memorial Health University Medical Center, Savannah, Georgia
| | - Jacques Galipeau
- Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin Carbone Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin
| | - Raghavan Chinnadurai
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Mercer University School of Medicine, Savannah, Georgia.
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Vishnyakova P, Poltavets A, Nikitina M, Muminova K, Potapova A, Vtorushina V, Loginova N, Midiber K, Mikhaleva L, Lokhonina A, Khodzhaeva Z, Pyregov A, Elchaninov A, Fatkhudinov T, Sukhikh G. Preeclampsia: inflammatory signature of decidual cells in early manifestation of disease. Placenta 2021; 104:277-283. [PMID: 33472135 DOI: 10.1016/j.placenta.2021.01.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2020] [Revised: 12/28/2020] [Accepted: 01/08/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Preeclampsia is a pregnancy-specific complication characterized by hypertension in combination with proteinuria and/or various manifestations of multiple organ failure. It is believed that etiology of preeclampsia lies in dysfunction of the placenta and disorder of the maternal-fetal interactions. In preeclampsia decidual membrane, the maternal part of the placenta which normally supports immunological tolerance of the maternal organism to the semi-allogeneic fetus, becomes a site of inflammation. METHODS The aim of our study was to characterize the phenotype of decidual macrophages and plasma profiles in patients with late- and early-onset preeclampsia as compared with controls (n = 43). Decidual cells were obtained by enzymatic digestion method and characterized by flow cytometry analysis, real-time PCR, bioinformatics analysis, immunohistochemistry, and Western blot. Plasma samples were analyzed by multiplex assay. RESULTS The number of inflammation-associated CD86+ and CX3CR1+ cells was significantly higher in the early-onset preeclampsia while the portion of CD163+ cells was significantly higher among studied groups. We observed significant increase of endothelin-1 gene expression and a significant decrease in eNOS and GNB3 expression and TGFβ relative protein level in decidual cells of the early-onset preeclampsia samples. We also revealed elevation of pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines in plasma of preeclampsia groups. DISCUSSION Our findings reflect profound early-onset preeclampsia-associated alterations in the decidua and emphasize the importance of the decidua as a link in the development of preeclampsia.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Vishnyakova
- National Medical Research Center for Obstetrics, Gynecology and Perinatology Named After Academician V.I. Kulakov of Ministry of Healthcare of Russian Federation, 117997, Moscow, Russia; Peoples' Friendship University of Russia (RUDN University), 117198, Moscow, Russia.
| | - A Poltavets
- National Medical Research Center for Obstetrics, Gynecology and Perinatology Named After Academician V.I. Kulakov of Ministry of Healthcare of Russian Federation, 117997, Moscow, Russia
| | - M Nikitina
- Scientific Research Institute of Human Morphology, 117418, Moscow, Russia
| | - K Muminova
- National Medical Research Center for Obstetrics, Gynecology and Perinatology Named After Academician V.I. Kulakov of Ministry of Healthcare of Russian Federation, 117997, Moscow, Russia
| | - A Potapova
- National Medical Research Center for Obstetrics, Gynecology and Perinatology Named After Academician V.I. Kulakov of Ministry of Healthcare of Russian Federation, 117997, Moscow, Russia
| | - V Vtorushina
- National Medical Research Center for Obstetrics, Gynecology and Perinatology Named After Academician V.I. Kulakov of Ministry of Healthcare of Russian Federation, 117997, Moscow, Russia
| | - N Loginova
- National Medical Research Center for Obstetrics, Gynecology and Perinatology Named After Academician V.I. Kulakov of Ministry of Healthcare of Russian Federation, 117997, Moscow, Russia
| | - K Midiber
- Scientific Research Institute of Human Morphology, 117418, Moscow, Russia
| | - L Mikhaleva
- Scientific Research Institute of Human Morphology, 117418, Moscow, Russia
| | - A Lokhonina
- National Medical Research Center for Obstetrics, Gynecology and Perinatology Named After Academician V.I. Kulakov of Ministry of Healthcare of Russian Federation, 117997, Moscow, Russia; Peoples' Friendship University of Russia (RUDN University), 117198, Moscow, Russia
| | - Z Khodzhaeva
- National Medical Research Center for Obstetrics, Gynecology and Perinatology Named After Academician V.I. Kulakov of Ministry of Healthcare of Russian Federation, 117997, Moscow, Russia
| | - A Pyregov
- National Medical Research Center for Obstetrics, Gynecology and Perinatology Named After Academician V.I. Kulakov of Ministry of Healthcare of Russian Federation, 117997, Moscow, Russia
| | - A Elchaninov
- National Medical Research Center for Obstetrics, Gynecology and Perinatology Named After Academician V.I. Kulakov of Ministry of Healthcare of Russian Federation, 117997, Moscow, Russia
| | - T Fatkhudinov
- Peoples' Friendship University of Russia (RUDN University), 117198, Moscow, Russia; Scientific Research Institute of Human Morphology, 117418, Moscow, Russia
| | - G Sukhikh
- National Medical Research Center for Obstetrics, Gynecology and Perinatology Named After Academician V.I. Kulakov of Ministry of Healthcare of Russian Federation, 117997, Moscow, Russia
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Fearon SH, Dennis SJ, Hitzeroth II, Rybicki EP, Meyers AE. Humoral and cell-mediated immune responses to plant-produced African horse sickness virus VP7 quasi-crystals. Virus Res 2021; 294:198284. [PMID: 33421520 DOI: 10.1016/j.virusres.2020.198284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2020] [Revised: 12/22/2020] [Accepted: 12/26/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
African horse sickness (AHS) is a devastating viral disease affecting equines and has resulted in many disastrous epizootics. To date, no successful therapeutic treatment exists for AHS, and commercially used live-attenuated vaccines have various undesirable side effects. Previous studies have shown that mice inoculated with insoluble African horse sickness virus (AHSV) VP7 crystals are protected from live challenge with a lethal dose of AHSV. This study investigates the humoral and cell-mediated immune responses in guinea-pigs to a safer monovalent vaccine alternative based on AHSV-5 VP7 quasi-crystals produced in plants. Guinea-pigs received prime- and boost-inoculations of between 10 and 50 μg of purified plant-produced AHSV VP7. Western immunoblot analysis of the humoral response showed stimulation of high titres of anti-VP7 antibodies 28 days after the boost-inoculation in sera from three of the five experimental animals. In addition, RNA-seq transcriptome profiling of guinea-pig spleen-derived RNA highlighted thirty significantly (q ≤ 0.05) differentially expressed genes involved in innate and adaptive immunity. Differential expression of genes involved in Th1, Th2 and Th17 cell differentiation suggest a cell-mediated immune response to AHSV-5 VP7. Upregulation of several important cytokines and cytokine receptors were noted, including TNFSF14, CX3CR1, IFNLR1 and IL17RA. Upregulation of IL17RA suggests a Th17 response which has been reported as a key component in AHSV immunity. While further investigation is needed to validate these findings, these results suggest that AHSV-5 VP7 quasi-crystals produced in N. benthamiana are immunogenic and induce both humoral and cell-mediated responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shelley H Fearon
- Biopharming Research Unit, Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch, Cape Town 7700, South Africa
| | - Susan J Dennis
- Biopharming Research Unit, Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch, Cape Town 7700, South Africa
| | - Inga I Hitzeroth
- Biopharming Research Unit, Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch, Cape Town 7700, South Africa
| | - Edward P Rybicki
- Biopharming Research Unit, Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch, Cape Town 7700, South Africa; Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch, Cape Town 7700, South Africa
| | - Ann E Meyers
- Biopharming Research Unit, Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch, Cape Town 7700, South Africa.
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Rivas-Fuentes S, Salgado-Aguayo A, Arratia-Quijada J, Gorocica-Rosete P. Regulation and biological functions of the CX3CL1-CX3CR1 axis and its relevance in solid cancer: A mini-review. J Cancer 2021; 12:571-583. [PMID: 33391453 PMCID: PMC7738983 DOI: 10.7150/jca.47022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2020] [Accepted: 10/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
CX3CL1 is a transmembrane protein from which a soluble form can be generated by proteolytic shedding. Membranal and soluble forms of CX3CL1 exhibit different functions, although both bind to the CX3CR1 chemokine receptor. The CX3CL1-CX3CR1 axis mediates the adhesion of leukocytes and is also involved in cell survival and recruitment of immune cell subpopulations. The function of CX3CL1 is finely tuned by cytokines and transcription factors regulating its expression and post-translational modifications. On homeostasis, the CX3CL1-CX3CR1 axis participates in the removal of damaged neurons and neurogenesis, and it is also involved on several pathological contexts. The CX3CL1-CX3CR1 axis induces several cellular responses relevant to cancer such as proliferation, migration, invasion and apoptosis resistance. In this review, we address biological aspects of this molecular axis with important therapeutic potential, emphasizing its role in cancer, one of the most prevalent chronic diseases which significantly affect the quality of life and life expectancy of patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Selma Rivas-Fuentes
- Department of Research on Biochemistry, Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Respiratorias Ismael Cosío Villegas, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Alfonso Salgado-Aguayo
- Laboratory of Research on Rheumatic Diseases, Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Respiratorias Ismael Cosío Villegas, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Jenny Arratia-Quijada
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Centro Universitario de Tonalá, Universidad de Guadalajara, Tonalá Jalisco, Mexico
| | - Patricia Gorocica-Rosete
- Department of Research on Biochemistry, Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Respiratorias Ismael Cosío Villegas, Mexico City, Mexico
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Endothelial Dysfunction as a Primary Consequence of SARS-CoV-2 Infection. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2021; 1321:33-43. [PMID: 33656711 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-59261-5_3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
A number of different viral species are known to have effects on the endothelium. These include dengue, Ebola, Marburg, Lassa fever, yellow fever and influenza viruses, cytomegalovirus and coronaviruses. There are currently seven human endemic coronaviruses, all of which cause respiratory diseases and bind to receptors found within the endothelium. The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) that causes the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is highly infectious. Like its predecessor, SARS-CoV, it binds to angiotensin-converting enzyme-2 (ACE-2), which is expressed in many cell types, particularly in the lung, including endothelial cells. The initiation of a cytokine storm by the virus along with infection of endothelial cells leads to apoptosis and structural and functional changes that attenuate vascular integrity in many organs including the lungs, heart, liver and kidney. Endothelial damage also enhances the coagulation pathway leading to thrombus formation in major vessels and capillaries. Infection with SARS-CoV-2 has an adverse outcome for individuals with particular comorbid diseases, e.g. hypertension, obesity, type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease. It is possible that this is due to the presence of pre-existing endothelial dysfunction and systemic inflammation in subjects with these diseases. Therapies for COVID-19 that target the endothelium, the inflammatory response and the coagulation pathway are currently under trial.
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Seidel A, Seidel CL, Weider M, Junker R, Gölz L, Schmetzer H. Influence of Natural Killer Cells and Natural Killer T Cells on Periodontal Disease: A Systematic Review of the Current Literature. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E9766. [PMID: 33371393 PMCID: PMC7767411 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21249766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2020] [Revised: 12/14/2020] [Accepted: 12/16/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Natural killer (NK) cells, as members of the innate immune system, and natural killer T (NKT) cells, bridging innate and adaptive immunity, play a prominent role in chronic inflammatory diseases and cancerogenesis, yet have scarcely been examined in oral diseases. Therefore, systematic research on the latest literature focusing on NK/NKT cell-mediated mechanisms in periodontal disease, including the time period 1988-2020, was carried out in MEDLINE (PubMed) using a predetermined search strategy, with a final selection of 25 studies. The results showed that NK cells tend to have rather proinflammatory influences via cytokine production, cytotoxic effects, dendritic-cell-crosstalk, and autoimmune reactions, while contrarily, NKT cell-mediated mechanisms were proinflammatory and immunoregulatory, ranging from protective effects via B-cell-regulation, specific antibody production, and the suppression of autoimmunity to destructive effects via cytokine production, dendritic-cell-crosstalk, and T-/B-cell interactions. Since NK cells seem to have a proinflammatory role in periodontitis, further research should focus on the proinflammatory and immunoregulatory properties of NKT cells in order to create, in addition to antibacterial strategies in dental inflammatory disease, novel anti-inflammatory therapeutic approaches modulating host immunity towards dental health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Seidel
- Dental Practice, Bahnhofstraße 10, 82223 Eichenau, Germany
| | - Corinna L. Seidel
- Department of Orthodontics and Orofacial Orthopedics, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen and Friedrich-Alexander Universität (FAU) Erlangen-Nürnberg, Glückstr. 11, 91054 Erlangen, Germany; (M.W.); (L.G.)
| | - Matthias Weider
- Department of Orthodontics and Orofacial Orthopedics, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen and Friedrich-Alexander Universität (FAU) Erlangen-Nürnberg, Glückstr. 11, 91054 Erlangen, Germany; (M.W.); (L.G.)
| | - Rüdiger Junker
- Center for Dental Prosthetics and Biomaterials, Danube Private University Krems, Steiner Landstraße 124, 3500 Krems-Stein, Austria;
| | - Lina Gölz
- Department of Orthodontics and Orofacial Orthopedics, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen and Friedrich-Alexander Universität (FAU) Erlangen-Nürnberg, Glückstr. 11, 91054 Erlangen, Germany; (M.W.); (L.G.)
| | - Helga Schmetzer
- Department of Medical III, University Hospital LMU Munich, Marchioninistraße 15, 81377 Munich, Germany;
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Chidambaram H, Das R, Chinnathambi S. Interaction of Tau with the chemokine receptor, CX3CR1 and its effect on microglial activation, migration and proliferation. Cell Biosci 2020; 10:109. [PMID: 32944223 PMCID: PMC7493323 DOI: 10.1186/s13578-020-00474-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2020] [Accepted: 09/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disease that leads to progressive loss of memory and dementia. The pathological hallmarks of AD include extracellular accumulation of amyloid-β peptides forming senile plaques and intracellular accumulation of Tau oligomers and filamentous species. Tau is a microtubule-binding protein that stabilizes tubulin to form microtubules under physiological condition. In AD/ pathological condition, Tau detaches from microtubules and aggregates to form oligomers of different sizes and filamentous species such as paired helical filaments. Microglia are the resident brain macrophages that are involved in the phagocytosis of microbes, cellular debris, misfolded and aggregated proteins. Chemokine receptor, CX3CR1 is mostly expressed on microglia and is involved in maintaining the microglia in a quiescent state by binding to its ligand, fractalkine (CX3CL1), which is expressed in neurons as both soluble or membrane-bound state. Hence, under physiological conditions, the CX3CR1/CX3CL1 axis plays a significant role in maintaining the central nervous system (CNS) homeostasis. Further, CX3CR1/CX3CL1 signalling is involved in the synthesis of anti-inflammatory cytokines and also has a significant role in cytoskeletal rearrangement, migration, apoptosis and proliferation. In AD brain, the expression level of fractalkine is reduced, and hence Tau competes to interact with its receptor, CX3CR1. In microglia, phagocytosis and internalization of extracellular Tau species occurs in the presence of a chemokine receptor, CX3CR1 which binds directly to Tau and promotes its internalization. In this review, the pathophysiological roles of CX3CR1/fractalkine signalling in microglia and neurons at different stages of Alzheimer's disease and the possible role of CX3CR1/Tau signalling has been widely discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hariharakrishnan Chidambaram
- Neurobiology Group, Division of Biochemical Sciences, CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory, Dr. Homi Bhabha Road, 411008 Pune, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), 411008 Pune, India
| | - Rashmi Das
- Neurobiology Group, Division of Biochemical Sciences, CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory, Dr. Homi Bhabha Road, 411008 Pune, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), 411008 Pune, India
| | - Subashchandrabose Chinnathambi
- Neurobiology Group, Division of Biochemical Sciences, CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory, Dr. Homi Bhabha Road, 411008 Pune, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), 411008 Pune, India
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Panigrahi S, Chen B, Fang M, Potashnikova D, Komissarov AA, Lebedeva A, Michaelson GM, Wyrick JM, Morris SR, Sieg SF, Paiardini M, Villinger FJ, Harth K, Kashyap VS, Cameron MJ, Cameron CM, Vasilieva E, Margolis L, Younes SA, Funderburg NT, Zidar DA, Lederman MM, Freeman ML. CX3CL1 and IL-15 Promote CD8 T cell chemoattraction in HIV and in atherosclerosis. PLoS Pathog 2020; 16:e1008885. [PMID: 32976527 PMCID: PMC7540902 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1008885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2020] [Revised: 10/07/2020] [Accepted: 08/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) remains an important cause of morbidity in the general population and risk for ASCVD is increased approximately 2-fold in persons living with HIV infection (PLWH). This risk is linked to elevated CD8 T cell counts that are abundant in atherosclerotic plaques and have been implicated in disease pathogenesis yet the mechanisms driving T cell recruitment to and activation within plaques are poorly defined. Here we investigated the role of CD8 T cells in atherosclerosis in a non-human primate model of HIV infection and in the HIV-uninfected elderly; we sought to identify factors that promote the activation, function, and recruitment to endothelium of CX3CR1+ CD8 T cells. We measured elevated expression of CX3CL1 and IL-15, and increased CD8 T cell numbers in the aortas of rhesus macaques infected with SIV or SHIV, and demonstrated similar findings in atherosclerotic vessels of HIV-uninfected humans. We found that recombinant TNF enhanced the production and release of CX3CL1 and bioactive IL-15 from aortic endothelial cells, but not from aortic smooth muscle cells. IL-15 in turn promoted CX3CR1 surface expression on and TNF synthesis by CD8 T cells, and IL-15-treated CD8 T cells exhibited enhanced CX3CL1-dependent chemoattraction toward endothelial cells in vitro. Finally, we show that CD8 T cells in human atherosclerotic plaques have an activated, resident phenotype consistent with in vivo IL-15 and CX3CL1 exposure. In this report, we define a novel model of CD8 T cell involvement in atherosclerosis whereby CX3CL1 and IL-15 operate in tandem within the vascular endothelium to promote infiltration by activated CX3CR1+ memory CD8 T cells that drive further endothelial activation via TNF. We propose that these interactions are prevalent in aging and in PLWH, populations where circulating activated CX3CR1+ CD8 T cell numbers are often expanded.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soumya Panigrahi
- Center for AIDS Research, Division of Infectious Diseases and HIV Medicine, Department of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine/University Hospitals, Cleveland Medical Center, Cleveland, OH, United States of America
| | - Bonnie Chen
- Center for AIDS Research, Division of Infectious Diseases and HIV Medicine, Department of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine/University Hospitals, Cleveland Medical Center, Cleveland, OH, United States of America
| | - Mike Fang
- Department of Population and Quantitative Health Sciences, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH, United States of America
| | - Daria Potashnikova
- Laboratory of Atherothrombosis, Moscow State University of Medicine and Dentistry, Moscow, Russia
- Department of Cell Biology and Histology, School of Biology, Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Alexey A. Komissarov
- Laboratory of Atherothrombosis, Moscow State University of Medicine and Dentistry, Moscow, Russia
| | - Anna Lebedeva
- Laboratory of Atherothrombosis, Moscow State University of Medicine and Dentistry, Moscow, Russia
| | - Gillian M. Michaelson
- Center for AIDS Research, Division of Infectious Diseases and HIV Medicine, Department of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine/University Hospitals, Cleveland Medical Center, Cleveland, OH, United States of America
| | - Jonathan M. Wyrick
- Center for AIDS Research, Division of Infectious Diseases and HIV Medicine, Department of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine/University Hospitals, Cleveland Medical Center, Cleveland, OH, United States of America
| | - Stephen R. Morris
- Cleveland Louis Stokes Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Cleveland, OH, United States of America
| | - Scott F. Sieg
- Center for AIDS Research, Division of Infectious Diseases and HIV Medicine, Department of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine/University Hospitals, Cleveland Medical Center, Cleveland, OH, United States of America
| | - Mirko Paiardini
- Division of Microbiology and Immunology, Yerkes National Primate Research Center, and Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, United States of America
| | - Francois J. Villinger
- New Iberia Research Center, University of Louisiana at Lafayette, New Iberia, LA, United States of America
| | - Karem Harth
- Harrington Heart & Vascular Institute, University Hospitals, Cleveland Medical Center/Case Western Reserve University, School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH, United States of America
| | - Vikram S. Kashyap
- Harrington Heart & Vascular Institute, University Hospitals, Cleveland Medical Center/Case Western Reserve University, School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH, United States of America
| | - Mark J. Cameron
- Department of Population and Quantitative Health Sciences, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH, United States of America
| | - Cheryl M. Cameron
- Department of Nutrition, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH, United States of America
| | - Elena Vasilieva
- Laboratory of Atherothrombosis, Moscow State University of Medicine and Dentistry, Moscow, Russia
| | - Leonid Margolis
- Section on Intercellular Interactions, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States of America
| | - Souheil-Antoine Younes
- Center for AIDS Research, Division of Infectious Diseases and HIV Medicine, Department of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine/University Hospitals, Cleveland Medical Center, Cleveland, OH, United States of America
| | - Nicholas T. Funderburg
- School of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States of America
| | - David A. Zidar
- Cleveland Louis Stokes Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Cleveland, OH, United States of America
- Harrington Heart & Vascular Institute, University Hospitals, Cleveland Medical Center/Case Western Reserve University, School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH, United States of America
| | - Michael M. Lederman
- Center for AIDS Research, Division of Infectious Diseases and HIV Medicine, Department of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine/University Hospitals, Cleveland Medical Center, Cleveland, OH, United States of America
| | - Michael L. Freeman
- Center for AIDS Research, Division of Infectious Diseases and HIV Medicine, Department of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine/University Hospitals, Cleveland Medical Center, Cleveland, OH, United States of America
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Muraoka S, Nishio J, Kuboi Y, Imai T, Nanki T. Rationale for and clinical development of anti-fractalkine antibody in rheumatic diseases. Expert Opin Biol Ther 2020; 20:1309-1319. [PMID: 32401060 DOI: 10.1080/14712598.2020.1764931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Introduction: Rheumatic diseases are inflammatory diseases that damage target organs via multiple subsets of immune cells. Fractalkine (FKN) acts as chemoattractant as well as adhesion molecule. It contributes to the pathogenesis of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and other rheumatic diseases through multiple mechanisms: the migration of monocytes and cytotoxic effector T cells, the proliferation and activation of fibroblast-like synoviocytes, angiogenesis, and osteoclastogenesis. FKN has potential as a new therapeutic target, and clinical trials on anti-FKN monoclonal antibodies for RA are ongoing. FKN-targeted therapy has been developed and a humanized anti-FKN monoclonal antibody is currently being tested in phase 2 clinical trials. Areas covered: This review summarizes accumulated evidence on the involvement of FKN in RA and other rheumatic diseases, including systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), systemic sclerosis, inflammatory myositis, Sjögren's syndrome (SS), osteoarthritis, and systemic vasculitis. Expert opinion: A phase 1/2a clinical trial on anti-FKN demonstrated its safety, tolerability, and clinical efficacy. Anti-FKN therapy has potential in the treatment of atherosclerosis and interstitial lung diseases associated with RA. Based on recent findings, other rheumatic diseases, including SLE, polymyositis/dermatomyositis, and SS, may also be treated using anti-FKN therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sei Muraoka
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Toho University School of Medicine , Tokyo, Japan
| | - Junko Nishio
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Toho University School of Medicine , Tokyo, Japan.,Department of Immunopathology and Immunoregulation, Toho University School of Medicine , Tokyo, Japan
| | | | | | - Toshihiro Nanki
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Toho University School of Medicine , Tokyo, Japan
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Ruan Q, Lu H, Zhu H, Guo Y, Bai Y. A network-regulative pattern in the pathogenesis of kidney injury following severe acute pancreatitis. Biomed Pharmacother 2020; 125:109978. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2020.109978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2019] [Revised: 01/17/2020] [Accepted: 01/27/2020] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
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Chan HC, Chan HC, Liang CJ, Lee HC, Su H, Lee AS, Shiea J, Tsai WC, Ou TT, Wu CC, Chu CS, Dixon RA, Ke LY, Yen JH, Chen CH. Role of Low-Density Lipoprotein in Early Vascular Aging Associated With Systemic Lupus Erythematosus. Arthritis Rheumatol 2020; 72:972-984. [PMID: 31994323 DOI: 10.1002/art.41213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2019] [Accepted: 01/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) often have atherosclerotic complications at a young age but normal low-density lipoprotein (LDL) levels. This study was undertaken to investigate the role of LDL composition in promoting early vascular aging in SLE patients. METHODS Plasma LDL from 45 SLE patients (SLE-LDL) and from 37 normal healthy controls (N-LDL) was chromatographically divided into 5 subfractions (L1-L5), and the subfraction composition was analyzed. Correlations between subfraction levels and signs of early vascular aging were assessed. Mechanisms of lipid-mediated endothelial dysfunction were explored using in vitro assays and experiments in apoE-/- mice. RESULTS The L5 percentage was increased 3.4 times in the plasma of SLE patients compared with normal controls. This increased percentage of SLE-L5 was positively correlated with the mean blood pressure (r = 0.27, P = 0.04), carotid intima-media thickness (IMT) (right carotid IMT, r = 0.4, P = 0.004; left carotid IMT, r = 0.36, P = 0.01), pulse wave velocity (r = 0.29, P = 0.04), and blood levels of CD16+ monocytes (r = 0.35, P = 0.004) and CX3CL1 cytokines (r = 0.43, P < 0.001) in SLE patients. Matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization-time-of-flight mass spectrometry analysis revealed that plasma levels of lysophosphatidylcholine (LPC) and platelet-activating factor (PAF) were increased in SLE-LDL and in the SLE-L5 plasma subfraction. Injecting SLE-LDL, SLE-L5, or LPC into young, male apoE-/- mice caused increases in plasma CX3CL1 levels, aortic fatty-streak areas, aortic vascular aging, and macrophage infiltration into the aortic wall, whereas injection of N-LDL or SLE-L1 had negligible effects (n = 3-8 mice per group). In vitro, SLE-L5 lipid extracts induced increases in CX3CR1 and CD16 expression in human monocytes; synthetic PAF and LPC had similar effects. Furthermore, lipid extracts of SLE-LDL and SLE-L5 induced the expression of CX3CL1 and enhanced monocyte-endothelial cell adhesion in assays with bovine aortic endothelial cells. CONCLUSION An increase in plasma L5 levels, not total LDL concentration, may promote early vascular aging in SLE patients, leading to premature atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hua-Chen Chan
- Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital and Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan, and Texas Heart Institute, Houston
| | - Hsiu-Chuan Chan
- Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan, and Texas Heart Institute, Houston
| | | | - Hsiang-Chun Lee
- Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital and Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Hung Su
- National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | | | | | - Wen-Chan Tsai
- Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Tsan-Teng Ou
- Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Cheng-Chin Wu
- Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Sheng Chu
- Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital and Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | | | - Liang-Yin Ke
- Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital and Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Jeng-Hsien Yen
- Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, and National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan, and National Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Chu-Huang Chen
- Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital and Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan, and Texas Heart Institute, Houston, and New York Heart Research Foundation, Mineola
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Friston D, Junttila S, Lemes JBP, Laycock H, Torres-Perez JV, Want E, Gyenesei A, Nagy I. Leptin and fractalkine: novel subcutaneous cytokines in burn injury. Dis Model Mech 2020; 13:dmm042713. [PMID: 32127397 PMCID: PMC7197715 DOI: 10.1242/dmm.042713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2019] [Accepted: 02/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Burn injury is a pathology underpinned by progressive and aberrant inflammation. It is a major clinical challenge to survival and quality of life. Although the complex local and disseminating pathological processes of a burn injury ultimately stem from local tissue damage, to date relatively few studies have attempted to characterise the local inflammatory mediator profile. Here, cytokine content and associated transcriptional changes were measured in rat skin for three hours immediately following induction of a scald-type (60°C, 2 min) burn injury model. Leptin (P=0.0002) and fractalkine (P=0.0478) concentrations were significantly elevated post-burn above pre-burn and control site values, coinciding with the development of burn site oedema and differential expression of leptin mRNA (P=0.0004). Further, gene sequencing enrichment analysis indicated cytokine-cytokine receptor interaction (P=1.45×10-6). Subsequent behavioural studies demonstrated that, following subcutaneous injection into the dorsum of the paw, both leptin and fractalkine induced mechanical allodynia, heat hyperalgesia and the recruitment of macrophages. This is the first report of leptin elevation specifically at the burn site, and the first report of fractalkine elevation in any tissue post-burn which, together with the functional findings, calls for exploration of the influence of these cytokines on pain, inflammation and burn wound progression. In addition, targeting these signalling molecules represents a therapeutic potential as early formative mediators of these pathological processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dominic Friston
- Nociception Group, Section of Anaesthetics, Pain Medicine and Intensive Care, Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, Chelsea and Westminster Hospital, 369 Fulham Road, London SW10 9NH, UK
| | - Sini Junttila
- Bioinformatics and Scientific Computing, Vienna Biocenter Core Facilities, Dr. Bohr-Gasse 3, 1030 Vienna, Austria
| | - Julia Borges Paes Lemes
- Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Institute of Biology, State University of Campinas, Campinas, Carl Von Linnaeus, Sao Paulo, 13083-864, Brazil
| | - Helen Laycock
- Nociception Group, Section of Anaesthetics, Pain Medicine and Intensive Care, Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, Chelsea and Westminster Hospital, 369 Fulham Road, London SW10 9NH, UK
| | - Jose Vicente Torres-Perez
- Nociception Group, Section of Anaesthetics, Pain Medicine and Intensive Care, Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, Chelsea and Westminster Hospital, 369 Fulham Road, London SW10 9NH, UK
| | - Elizabeth Want
- Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Imperial College London, Exhibition Road, London SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Attila Gyenesei
- Bioinformatics and Scientific Computing, Vienna Biocenter Core Facilities, Dr. Bohr-Gasse 3, 1030 Vienna, Austria
| | - Istvan Nagy
- Nociception Group, Section of Anaesthetics, Pain Medicine and Intensive Care, Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, Chelsea and Westminster Hospital, 369 Fulham Road, London SW10 9NH, UK
- Department of Physiology, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Nagyerdei krt 98, H-4012, Hungary
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Dwyer Z, Rudyk C, Thompson A, Farmer K, Fenner B, Fortin T, Derksen A, Sun H, Hayley S. Leucine-rich repeat kinase-2 (LRRK2) modulates microglial phenotype and dopaminergic neurodegeneration. Neurobiol Aging 2020; 91:45-55. [PMID: 32247534 DOI: 10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2020.02.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2019] [Revised: 01/23/2020] [Accepted: 02/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Leucine-rich repeat kinase 2 (LRRK2) is a common gene implicated in Parkinson's disease and many inflammatory processes. Thus, we assessed the role of LRRK2 in the context of endotoxin (lipopolysaccharide, LPS)-induced inflammation of the substantia nigra together with the environmental toxicant, paraquat, that has been implicated in PD. Here we found that LRRK2 ablation prevented the loss of dopaminergic neurons and behavioral deficits (motor) induced by LPS priming followed by paraquat exposure. The LRRK2 ablation also provoked a phenotypic shift in LPS-primed microglia cells. The LRRK2 deficiency reduced their "activated" morphology and upregulation of the inflammatory phagocytic regulator, WAVE2 (critical for actin remodeling), while the chemokine receptor, CX3CR1, was elevated in isolated CD11b+ myeloid cells. Furthermore, LRRK2 knockout attenuated the signs of oxidative stress and morphological changes induced in primary microglia by LPS treatment. However, induced WAVE2 expression together with LPS exposure in microglia overcame the inhibitory effects of LRRK2 knockout, suggesting WAVE2 may be acting downstream of LRRK2. Neither WAVE2 nor did LRRK2 knockout influence LPS-induced cytokine elevations in the microglia. We are the first to show the importance of LRRK2 in neurodegenerative and inflammatory processes in this multi-hit toxin model of PD. These data are consistent with the proposition that LRRK2 and WAVE2 are useful therapeutic targets for PD or other conditions with a prominent neuroinflammatory component.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zach Dwyer
- Department of Neuroscience, Carleton University, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada.
| | - Chris Rudyk
- Department of Neuroscience, Carleton University, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Ashley Thompson
- Department of Neuroscience, Carleton University, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Kyle Farmer
- Department of Neuroscience, Carleton University, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Barbara Fenner
- Department of Neuroscience, Carleton University, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Teresa Fortin
- Department of Neuroscience, Carleton University, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Alexa Derksen
- Department of Neuroscience, Carleton University, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Hongyu Sun
- Department of Neuroscience, Carleton University, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Shawn Hayley
- Department of Neuroscience, Carleton University, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada.
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- Department of Neuroscience, Carleton University, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
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Lehner C, Spitzer G, Gehwolf R, Wagner A, Weissenbacher N, Deininger C, Emmanuel K, Wichlas F, Tempfer H, Traweger A. Tenophages: a novel macrophage-like tendon cell population expressing CX3CL1 and CX3CR1. Dis Model Mech 2019; 12:dmm.041384. [PMID: 31744815 PMCID: PMC6918766 DOI: 10.1242/dmm.041384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2019] [Accepted: 11/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Tendon disorders frequently occur and recent evidence has clearly implicated the presence of immune cells and inflammatory events during early tendinopathy. However, the origin and properties of these cells remain poorly defined. Therefore, the aim of this study was to determine the presence of cells in healthy rodent and human tendon tissue fulfilling macrophage-like functions. Using various transgenic reporter mouse models, we demonstrate the presence of tendon-resident cells in the dense matrix of the tendon core expressing the fractalkine (Fkn) receptor CX3CR1 and its cognate ligand CX3CL1/Fkn. Pro-inflammatory stimulation of 3D tendon-like constructs in vitro resulted in a significant increase in the expression of IL-1β, IL-6, Mmp3, Mmp9, CX3CL1 and epiregulin, which has been reported to contribute to inflammation, wound healing and tissue repair. Furthermore, we demonstrate that inhibition of the Fkn receptor blocked tendon cell migration in vitro, and show the presence of CX3CL1/CX3CR1/EREG-expressing cells in healthy human tendons. Taken together, we demonstrate the presence of CX3CL1+/CX3CR1+ 'tenophages' within the healthy tendon proper, which potentially fulfill surveillance functions in tendons.This article has an associated First Person interview with the first author of the paper.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christine Lehner
- Institute of Tendon and Bone Regeneration, Spinal Cord Injury and Tissue Regeneration Center Salzburg, Paracelsus Medical University, 5020 Salzburg, Austria.,Austrian Cluster for Tissue Regeneration, 1200 Vienna, Austria
| | - Gabriel Spitzer
- Institute of Tendon and Bone Regeneration, Spinal Cord Injury and Tissue Regeneration Center Salzburg, Paracelsus Medical University, 5020 Salzburg, Austria.,Austrian Cluster for Tissue Regeneration, 1200 Vienna, Austria
| | - Renate Gehwolf
- Institute of Tendon and Bone Regeneration, Spinal Cord Injury and Tissue Regeneration Center Salzburg, Paracelsus Medical University, 5020 Salzburg, Austria.,Austrian Cluster for Tissue Regeneration, 1200 Vienna, Austria
| | - Andrea Wagner
- Institute of Tendon and Bone Regeneration, Spinal Cord Injury and Tissue Regeneration Center Salzburg, Paracelsus Medical University, 5020 Salzburg, Austria.,Austrian Cluster for Tissue Regeneration, 1200 Vienna, Austria
| | - Nadja Weissenbacher
- Institute of Tendon and Bone Regeneration, Spinal Cord Injury and Tissue Regeneration Center Salzburg, Paracelsus Medical University, 5020 Salzburg, Austria.,Austrian Cluster for Tissue Regeneration, 1200 Vienna, Austria
| | - Christian Deininger
- Institute of Tendon and Bone Regeneration, Spinal Cord Injury and Tissue Regeneration Center Salzburg, Paracelsus Medical University, 5020 Salzburg, Austria.,Department of Orthopedics and Traumatology, Paracelsus Medical University, 5020 Salzburg, Austria
| | - Katja Emmanuel
- Department of Orthopedics and Traumatology, Paracelsus Medical University, 5020 Salzburg, Austria
| | - Florian Wichlas
- Department of Orthopedics and Traumatology, Paracelsus Medical University, 5020 Salzburg, Austria
| | - Herbert Tempfer
- Institute of Tendon and Bone Regeneration, Spinal Cord Injury and Tissue Regeneration Center Salzburg, Paracelsus Medical University, 5020 Salzburg, Austria .,Austrian Cluster for Tissue Regeneration, 1200 Vienna, Austria
| | - Andreas Traweger
- Institute of Tendon and Bone Regeneration, Spinal Cord Injury and Tissue Regeneration Center Salzburg, Paracelsus Medical University, 5020 Salzburg, Austria.,Austrian Cluster for Tissue Regeneration, 1200 Vienna, Austria
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CX3CL1-CX3CR1 Axis: A New Player in Coeliac Disease Pathogenesis. Nutrients 2019; 11:nu11112551. [PMID: 31652730 PMCID: PMC6893425 DOI: 10.3390/nu11112551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2019] [Revised: 10/18/2019] [Accepted: 10/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: The CX3CL1–CX3CR1 axis has been related to numerous diseases. The aim of our study was to investigate its involvement in coeliac disease (CD) pathogenesis, particularly in the early phase of the disease. Methods: We collected peripheral blood from CD patients and controls, enrolled in a 3-day gluten challenge, to study soluble CX3CL1, I-TAC and MIG by Luminex, CX3CL1 and CX3CR1 gene expression by qPCR, and CX3CR1 protein expression in monocytes and CD8+, CD4+ and γδ+ T cells, by flow cytometry. We also analysed the expression of the CX3CL1 and CX3CR1 mRNA and protein in the duodenal biopsies of CD patients with active and treated disease, and in non-CD control individuals, by qPCR and immunohistochemistry. Results: After the gluten challenge, increased levels of CX3CL1, I-TAC and MIG proteins were observed in the peripheral blood of CD patients, with no changes in CX3CL1 mRNA, or CX3CR1 mRNA and protein. Regarding duodenal tissue, CX3CL1 was absent or barely present in the superficial and basal epithelium of CD patients, contrasting with the moderate to high levels present in controls. Conclusions: CX3CL1 seems to be involved in the appearance and progression of CD, and it appears to be a potential diagnostic biomarker. Its use as an alternative therapeutic target in CD deserves further research.
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Cipitelli MDC, Amâncio Paiva I, Badolato-Corrêa J, de-Oliveira-Pinto LM. Influence of chemokines on the endothelial permeability and cellular transmigration during dengue. Immunol Lett 2019; 212:88-97. [PMID: 31181280 DOI: 10.1016/j.imlet.2019.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2019] [Revised: 05/24/2019] [Accepted: 06/06/2019] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
During a pathogenic infection, an inflammatory process is triggered in which several inflammatory mediators, such as cytokines, chemokines, growth factors, complement system components, nitric oxide, and others induce integrity alteration on the endothelial barrier. Chemokines are responsible for regulating leukocyte trafficking under homeostatic conditions as well as activating immune system cells under inflammatory conditions. They are crucial molecules in the early stages of infection, leading to the recruitment of immune cells, namely neutrophils, monocytes, natural killer (NK) cells, natural killer T cells (NKT), dendritic cells (DC), T lymphocytes and all cells expressing chemokine receptors for inflammatory sites. Other functions, such as collagen production, tissue repair, a proliferation of hematopoietic precursors and angiogenesis, are also performed by these molecules. Chemokines, amongst inflammatory mediators, play a key role in dengue immunopathogenesis. Dengue fever is a disease caused by the dengue virus (DENV). It is characterized by a broad spectrum of clinical manifestations ranging from asymptomatic cases to mild and severe symptomatic ones. As for the latter, the appearance of hemorrhagic manifestations and changes in vascular permeability may lead the patient to develop cavitary effusions, organ involvement, and even death. As chemokines exert an influence on various homeostatic and inflammatory processes, acting vigorously on vascular endothelial activation and cell migration, the main purpose of this chapter is to discuss the influence of chemokines on the alteration of endothelial permeability and migration of T lymphocytes in DENV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Márcio da Costa Cipitelli
- Laboratory of Viral Immunology, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Fundation, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Iury Amâncio Paiva
- Laboratory of Viral Immunology, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Fundation, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Jéssica Badolato-Corrêa
- Laboratory of Viral Immunology, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Fundation, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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Stark A, Schwenk R, Wack G, Zuchtriegel G, Hatemler MG, Bräutigam J, Schmidtko A, Reichel CA, Bischoff I, Fürst R. Narciclasine exerts anti-inflammatory actions by blocking leukocyte-endothelial cell interactions and down-regulation of the endothelial TNF receptor 1. FASEB J 2019; 33:8771-8781. [PMID: 31017817 DOI: 10.1096/fj.201802440r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The alkaloid narciclasine has been characterized extensively as an anticancer compound. Accumulating evidence suggests that narciclasine has anti-inflammatory potential; however, the underlying mechanism remains poorly understood. We hypothesized that narciclasine affects the activation of endothelial cells (ECs), a hallmark of inflammatory processes, which is a prerequisite for leukocyte-EC interaction. Thus, we aimed to investigate narciclasine's action on this process in vivo and to analyze the underlying mechanisms in vitro. In a murine peritonitis model, narciclasine reduced leukocyte infiltration, proinflammatory cytokine expression, and inflammation-associated abdominal pain. Moreover, narciclasine decreased rolling and blocked adhesion and transmigration of leukocytes in vivo. In cultured ECs, narciclasine inhibited the expression of cell adhesion molecules intercellular adhesion molecule-1, vascular cell adhesion molecule-1, and E-selectin and blocked crucial steps of the NF-κB activation cascade: NF-κB promotor activity, p65 nuclear translocation, inhibitor of κB α (IκBα) phosphorylation and degradation, and IκBα kinase β and TGF-β-activated kinase 1 phosphorylation. Interestingly, these effects were based on the narciclasine-triggered loss of TNF receptor 1 (TNFR1). Our study highlights narciclasine as an interesting anti-inflammatory compound that effectively inhibits the interaction of leukocytes with ECs by blocking endothelial activation processes. Most importantly, we showed that the observed inhibitory action of narciclasine on TNF-triggered signaling pathways is based on the loss of TNFR1.-Stark, A., Schwenk, R., Wack, G., Zuchtriegel, G., Hatemler, M. G., Bräutigam, J., Schmidtko, A., Reichel, C. A., Bischoff, I., Fürst, R. Narciclasine exerts anti-inflammatory actions by blocking leukocyte-endothelial cell interactions and down-regulation of the endothelial TNF receptor 1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Stark
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Biology, Faculty of Biochemistry, Chemistry, and Pharmacy, Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Rebecca Schwenk
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Biology, Faculty of Biochemistry, Chemistry, and Pharmacy, Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Gesine Wack
- Institute of Pharmacology, Faculty of Biochemistry, Chemistry and Pharmacy, Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Gabriele Zuchtriegel
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery-Walter Brendel Center of Experimental Medicine, University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Melissa G Hatemler
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Biology, Faculty of Biochemistry, Chemistry, and Pharmacy, Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Jacqueline Bräutigam
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Biology, Faculty of Biochemistry, Chemistry, and Pharmacy, Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Achim Schmidtko
- Institute of Pharmacology, Faculty of Biochemistry, Chemistry and Pharmacy, Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Christoph A Reichel
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery-Walter Brendel Center of Experimental Medicine, University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Iris Bischoff
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Biology, Faculty of Biochemistry, Chemistry, and Pharmacy, Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Robert Fürst
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Biology, Faculty of Biochemistry, Chemistry, and Pharmacy, Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany
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Liu J, Li Y, Zhu X, Li Q, Liang X, Xie J, Hu S, Peng W, Li C. Increased CX3CL1 mRNA expression level is a positive prognostic factor in patients with lung adenocarcinoma. Oncol Lett 2019; 17:4877-4890. [PMID: 31186696 PMCID: PMC6507390 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2019.10211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2018] [Accepted: 02/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Chemokines are a family of small cytokines, which are signalling proteins secreted by cells. The principal role of chemokines is to serve as chemoattractants to guide the migration of their target cells. Chemokine C-X3-C motif ligand 1 (CX3CL1) is a protein-coding gene of fractalkine, which serves as a ligand for chemokine C-X3-C motif receptor 1 (CX3CR1) and integrins. However, the roles of CX3CL1 in different pathological types of lung cancer remain poorly understood. The present study aimed to investigate the potential clinical and biological function of CX3CL1 mRNA expression in patients with lung cancer. In the present study, lung cancer data obtained from the Gene Expression Omnibus database and The Cancer Genome Atlas were downloaded and analysed, and the results demonstrated that an increased CX3CL1 mRNA expression in tumour tissues from lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) was associated with improved overall survival. However, no significant association was identified between CX3CL1 expression and the prognosis of lung squamous cell carcinoma (LUSC). Furthermore, the genes whose expression levels were correlated with CX3CL1 expression were subjected to enrichment analysis, and the results for the LUAD data demonstrated that the most significant biological processes included ‘positive regulation of cell adhesion’, ‘leukocyte cell-cell adhesion’, ‘leukocyte migration’ and ‘T cell activation’, whereas, the important highly ranked pathways included ‘cell adhesion molecules (CAMs)’, ‘leukocyte transendothelial migration’ and ‘natural killer cell-mediated cytotoxicity’. However, in the patients with LUSC, the genes that were highly correlated with CX3CL1 were not enriched for any biological processes or signalling pathways. Based on the data of the present study, it was hypothesised that CX3CL1 may serve as a prognostic marker for LUAD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Liu
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Changzhou, Jiangsu 213003, P.R. China
| | - Yan Li
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Changzhou, Jiangsu 213003, P.R. China
| | - Xiaoqin Zhu
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Changzhou, Jiangsu 213003, P.R. China
| | - Qing Li
- Department of Pathology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Changzhou, Jiangsu 213003, P.R. China
| | - Xiaohong Liang
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Changzhou, Jiangsu 213003, P.R. China
| | - Jun Xie
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Changzhou, Jiangsu 213003, P.R. China
| | - Song Hu
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Changzhou, Jiangsu 213003, P.R. China
| | - Wanda Peng
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Changzhou, Jiangsu 213003, P.R. China
| | - Chong Li
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Changzhou, Jiangsu 213003, P.R. China
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