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Qi Z, Pan N, Han D, He J, Li JA, Yang L, Wang X, Huang F. Enzymatic response of heparin-protamine complex: Spectroscopic investigation and application for lung adenocarcinoma cells detection. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 277:134307. [PMID: 39084435 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.134307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2024] [Revised: 07/25/2024] [Accepted: 07/28/2024] [Indexed: 08/02/2024]
Abstract
Though the heparin-protamine complex (HP complex) is a crucial system utilized in clinical settings, the metabolic pathways of this complex remain inadequately understood. Herein, the enzymatic degradation of the heparin-protamine complex by trypsin and its broader implications were investigated. By utilizing fluorescent gold nanoclusters liganded with the HP complex (AuNCs-HP complex), we observed significant morphological and spectral changes during enzymatic degradation. Experiments showed that AuNCs-HP complex could be degraded and cleaved into small fragments by trypsin. Moreover, the AuNCs-HP complex demonstrated its potential as a highly sensitive spectral sensing platform, enabling precise measurement of trypsin activity with an outstanding detection limit (0.34 ng mL-1). Additionally, we explored its utility for specific tumor cell detection, focusing on lung adenocarcinoma cells, and successfully identified their presence through distinctive fluorescence changes. These remarkable findings not only contribute valuable insights into targeted degradation systems but also offer promising opportunities for cancer biomarker detection. The AuNCs-HP complex serves as an innovative tool for real-time trypsin activity monitoring, paving the way for advanced biomedical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zichun Qi
- State Key Laboratory of Heavy Oil Processing, College of Chemical Engineering, China University of Petroleum (East China), Qingdao 266580, China
| | - Nana Pan
- Department of Cardiology, the Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Dongxue Han
- State Key Laboratory of Heavy Oil Processing, College of Chemical Engineering, China University of Petroleum (East China), Qingdao 266580, China
| | - Jiahua He
- State Key Laboratory of Heavy Oil Processing, College of Chemical Engineering, China University of Petroleum (East China), Qingdao 266580, China
| | - Jin-Ao Li
- State Key Laboratory of Heavy Oil Processing, College of Chemical Engineering, China University of Petroleum (East China), Qingdao 266580, China
| | - Luqi Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Heavy Oil Processing, College of Chemical Engineering, China University of Petroleum (East China), Qingdao 266580, China
| | - Xiaojuan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Heavy Oil Processing, College of Chemical Engineering, China University of Petroleum (East China), Qingdao 266580, China.
| | - Fang Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Heavy Oil Processing, College of Chemical Engineering, China University of Petroleum (East China), Qingdao 266580, China.
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Mao M, Ahrens L, Luka J, Contreras F, Kurkina T, Bienstein M, Sárria Pereira de Passos M, Schirinzi G, Mehn D, Valsesia A, Desmet C, Serra MÁ, Gilliland D, Schwaneberg U. Material-specific binding peptides empower sustainable innovations in plant health, biocatalysis, medicine and microplastic quantification. Chem Soc Rev 2024; 53:6445-6510. [PMID: 38747901 DOI: 10.1039/d2cs00991a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2024]
Abstract
Material-binding peptides (MBPs) have emerged as a diverse and innovation-enabling class of peptides in applications such as plant-/human health, immobilization of catalysts, bioactive coatings, accelerated polymer degradation and analytics for micro-/nanoplastics quantification. Progress has been fuelled by recent advancements in protein engineering methodologies and advances in computational and analytical methodologies, which allow the design of, for instance, material-specific MBPs with fine-tuned binding strength for numerous demands in material science applications. A genetic or chemical conjugation of second (biological, chemical or physical property-changing) functionality to MBPs empowers the design of advanced (hybrid) materials, bioactive coatings and analytical tools. In this review, we provide a comprehensive overview comprising naturally occurring MBPs and their function in nature, binding properties of short man-made MBPs (<20 amino acids) mainly obtained from phage-display libraries, and medium-sized binding peptides (20-100 amino acids) that have been reported to bind to metals, polymers or other industrially produced materials. The goal of this review is to provide an in-depth understanding of molecular interactions between materials and material-specific binding peptides, and thereby empower the use of MBPs in material science applications. Protein engineering methodologies and selected examples to tailor MBPs toward applications in agriculture with a focus on plant health, biocatalysis, medicine and environmental monitoring serve as examples of the transformative power of MBPs for various industrial applications. An emphasis will be given to MBPs' role in detecting and quantifying microplastics in high throughput, distinguishing microplastics from other environmental particles, and thereby assisting to close an analytical gap in food safety and monitoring of environmental plastic pollution. In essence, this review aims to provide an overview among researchers from diverse disciplines in respect to material-(specific) binding of MBPs, protein engineering methodologies to tailor their properties to application demands, re-engineering for material science applications using MBPs, and thereby inspire researchers to employ MBPs in their research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maochao Mao
- Lehrstuhl für Biotechnologie, RWTH Aachen University, Worringerweg 3, 52074 Aachen, Germany.
| | - Leon Ahrens
- Lehrstuhl für Biotechnologie, RWTH Aachen University, Worringerweg 3, 52074 Aachen, Germany.
| | - Julian Luka
- Lehrstuhl für Biotechnologie, RWTH Aachen University, Worringerweg 3, 52074 Aachen, Germany.
| | - Francisca Contreras
- Lehrstuhl für Biotechnologie, RWTH Aachen University, Worringerweg 3, 52074 Aachen, Germany.
| | - Tetiana Kurkina
- Lehrstuhl für Biotechnologie, RWTH Aachen University, Worringerweg 3, 52074 Aachen, Germany.
| | - Marian Bienstein
- Lehrstuhl für Biotechnologie, RWTH Aachen University, Worringerweg 3, 52074 Aachen, Germany.
| | | | | | - Dora Mehn
- European Commission, Joint Research Centre (JRC), Ispra, Italy
| | - Andrea Valsesia
- European Commission, Joint Research Centre (JRC), Ispra, Italy
| | - Cloé Desmet
- European Commission, Joint Research Centre (JRC), Ispra, Italy
| | | | | | - Ulrich Schwaneberg
- Lehrstuhl für Biotechnologie, RWTH Aachen University, Worringerweg 3, 52074 Aachen, Germany.
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3
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Messina JM, Luo M, Hossan MS, Gadelrab HA, Yang X, John A, Wilmore JR, Luo J. Unveiling cytokine charge disparity as a potential mechanism for immune regulation. Cytokine Growth Factor Rev 2024; 77:1-14. [PMID: 38184374 DOI: 10.1016/j.cytogfr.2023.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2023] [Revised: 12/21/2023] [Accepted: 12/22/2023] [Indexed: 01/08/2024]
Abstract
Cytokines are small signaling proteins that regulate the immune responses to infection and tissue damage. Surface charges of cytokines determine their in vivo fate in immune regulation, e.g., half-life and distribution. The overall negative charges in the extracellular microenvironment and the acidosis during inflammation and infection may differentially impact cytokines with different surface charges for fine-tuned immune regulation via controlling tissue residential properties. However, the trend and role of cytokine surface charges has yet to be elucidated in the literature. Interestingly, we have observed that most pro-inflammatory cytokines have a negative charge, while most anti-inflammatory cytokines and chemokines have a positive charge. In this review, we extensively examined the surface charges of all cytokines and chemokines, summarized the pharmacokinetics and tissue adhesion of major cytokines, and analyzed the link of surface charge with cytokine biodistribution, activation, and function in immune regulation. Additionally, we identified that the general trend of charge disparity between pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines represents a unique opportunity to develop precise immune modulation approaches, which can be applied to many inflammation-associated diseases including solid tumors, chronic wounds, infection, and sepsis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer M Messina
- Department of Pharmacology, State University of New York Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY 13210, United States
| | - Minghao Luo
- Department of Clinical Medicine, 2nd Affiliated Hospital, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150081, China
| | - Md Shanewaz Hossan
- Department of Pharmacology, State University of New York Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY 13210, United States
| | - Hadil A Gadelrab
- Department of Pharmacology, State University of New York Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY 13210, United States
| | - Xiguang Yang
- Department of Pharmacology, State University of New York Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY 13210, United States
| | - Anna John
- Department of Pharmacology, State University of New York Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY 13210, United States
| | - Joel R Wilmore
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, State University of New York Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY 13210, United States; Upstate Sepsis Interdisciplinary Research Center, State University of New York Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY 13210, United States
| | - Juntao Luo
- Department of Pharmacology, State University of New York Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY 13210, United States; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, State University of New York Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY 13210, United States; Department of Surgery, State University of New York Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY 13210, United States; Upstate Cancer Center, State University of New York Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY 13210, United States; Upstate Sepsis Interdisciplinary Research Center, State University of New York Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY 13210, United States.
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4
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Riabkova NS, Bogomolova AP, Kogan AE, Katrukha IA, Vylegzhanina AV, Pevzner DV, Alieva AK, Bereznikova AV, Katrukha AG. Interaction of heparin with human cardiac troponin complex and its influence on the immunodetection of troponins in human blood samples. Clin Chem Lab Med 2024; 0:cclm-2024-0066. [PMID: 38738903 DOI: 10.1515/cclm-2024-0066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2024] [Accepted: 04/17/2024] [Indexed: 05/14/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Heparin is a highly charged polysaccharide used as an anticoagulant to prevent blood coagulation in patients with presumed myocardial infarction and to prepare heparin plasma samples for laboratory tests. There are conflicting data regarding the effects of heparin on the measurement of cardiac isoforms of troponin I (cTnI) and troponin T (cTnT), which are used for the immunodiagnosis of acute myocardial infarction. In this study, we investigated the influence of heparin on the immunodetection of human cardiac troponins. METHODS Gel filtration (GF) techniques and sandwich fluoroimmunoassay were performed. The regions of сTnI and cTnT that are affected by heparin were investigated with a panel of anti-cTnI and anti-cTnT monoclonal antibodies, specific to different epitopes. RESULTS Heparin was shown to bind to the human cardiac full-size ternary troponin complex (ITC-complex) and free cTnT, which increased their apparent molecular weights in GF studies. Heparin did not bind to the low molecular weight ITC-complex and to binary cTnI-troponin С complex. We did not detect any sites on cTnI in the ITC-complex that were specifically affected by heparin. In contrast, cTnT regions limited to approximately 69-99, 119-138 and 145-164 amino acid residues (aar) in the ITC-complex and a region that lies approximately between 236 and 255 aar of free cTnT were prone to heparin influence. CONCLUSIONS Heparin binds to the ITC-complex via cTnT, interacting with several sites on the N-terminal and/or central parts of the cTnT molecule, which might influence the immunodetection of analytes in human blood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia S Riabkova
- HyTest Ltd., Turku, Finland
- Department of Biochemistry, Biological Faculty, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Agnessa P Bogomolova
- HyTest Ltd., Turku, Finland
- Department of Biochemistry, Biological Faculty, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Alexander E Kogan
- HyTest Ltd., Turku, Finland
- Department of Biochemistry, Biological Faculty, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Ivan A Katrukha
- HyTest Ltd., Turku, Finland
- Department of Biochemistry, Biological Faculty, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
| | | | - Dmitry V Pevzner
- National Medical Research Centre of Cardiology Named After Academician E.I. Chazov, Moscow, Russia
| | - Amina K Alieva
- National Medical Research Centre of Cardiology Named After Academician E.I. Chazov, Moscow, Russia
| | - Anastasia V Bereznikova
- HyTest Ltd., Turku, Finland
- Department of Biochemistry, Biological Faculty, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Alexey G Katrukha
- HyTest Ltd., Turku, Finland
- Department of Biochemistry, Biological Faculty, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
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He P, Song Y, Jin W, Li Y, Xia K, Kim SB, Dwivedi R, Farrag M, Bates J, Pomin VH, Wang C, Linhardt RJ, Dordick JS, Zhang F. Marine sulfated glycans inhibit the interaction of heparin with S-protein of SARS-CoV-2 Omicron XBB variant. Glycoconj J 2024; 41:163-174. [PMID: 38642280 DOI: 10.1007/s10719-024-10150-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2023] [Revised: 03/26/2024] [Accepted: 04/04/2024] [Indexed: 04/22/2024]
Abstract
The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has caused a worldwide COVID-19 pandemic, leading to 6.8 million deaths. Numerous variants have emerged since its outbreak, resulting in its significantly enhanced ability to spread among humans. As with many other viruses, SARS‑CoV‑2 utilizes heparan sulfate (HS) glycosaminoglycan (GAG) on the surface of host cells to facilitate viral attachment and initiate cellular entry through the ACE2 receptor. Therefore, interfering with virion-HS interactions represents a promising target to develop broad-spectrum antiviral therapeutics. Sulfated glycans derived from marine organisms have been proven to be exceptional reservoirs of naturally existing HS mimetics, which exhibit remarkable therapeutic properties encompassing antiviral/microbial, antitumor, anticoagulant, and anti-inflammatory activities. In the current study, the interactions between the receptor-binding domain (RBD) of S-protein of SARS-CoV-2 (both WT and XBB.1.5 variants) and heparin were applied to assess the inhibitory activity of 10 marine-sourced glycans including three sulfated fucans, three fucosylated chondroitin sulfates and two fucoidans derived from sea cucumbers, sea urchin and seaweed Saccharina japonica, respectively. The inhibitory activity of these marine derived sulfated glycans on the interactions between RBD of S-protein and heparin was evaluated using Surface Plasmon Resonance (SPR). The RBDs of S-proteins from both Omicrion XBB.1.5 and wild-type (WT) were found to bind to heparin, which is a highly sulfated form of HS. All the tested marine-sourced sulfated glycans exhibited strong inhibition of WT and XBB.1.5 S-protein binding to heparin. We believe the study on the molecular interactions between S-proteins and host cell glycosaminoglycans provides valuable insight for the development of marine-sourced, glycan-based inhibitors as potential anti-SARS-CoV-2 agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng He
- Center for Biotechnology and Interdisciplinary Studies, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY, USA
- School of Oceanography, Beibu Gulf University, 535011, Qinzhou, China
| | - Yuefan Song
- Center for Biotechnology and Interdisciplinary Studies, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY, USA
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, 12180, Troy, NY, USA
| | - Weihua Jin
- Center for Biotechnology and Interdisciplinary Studies, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY, USA
- College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, 310014, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yunran Li
- Center for Biotechnology and Interdisciplinary Studies, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY, USA
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, 12180, Troy, NY, USA
| | - Ke Xia
- Center for Biotechnology and Interdisciplinary Studies, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY, USA
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, 12180, Troy, NY, USA
| | - Seon Beom Kim
- Department of BioMolecular Sciences, Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Mississippi, Oxford, MS, USA
- Department of Food Science & Technology, College of Natural Resources and Life Science, Pusan National University, Miryang, Republic of Korea
| | - Rohini Dwivedi
- Department of BioMolecular Sciences, Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Mississippi, Oxford, MS, USA
| | - Marwa Farrag
- Department of BioMolecular Sciences, Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Mississippi, Oxford, MS, USA
| | - John Bates
- Department of BioMolecular Sciences, Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Mississippi, Oxford, MS, USA
| | - Vitor H Pomin
- Department of BioMolecular Sciences, Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Mississippi, Oxford, MS, USA
| | - Chunyu Wang
- Center for Biotechnology and Interdisciplinary Studies, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY, USA
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, 12180, Troy, NY, USA
| | - Robert J Linhardt
- Center for Biotechnology and Interdisciplinary Studies, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY, USA
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, 12180, Troy, NY, USA
- Departments of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, 12180, Troy, NY, USA
| | - Jonathan S Dordick
- Center for Biotechnology and Interdisciplinary Studies, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY, USA.
- Departments of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, 12180, Troy, NY, USA.
| | - Fuming Zhang
- Center for Biotechnology and Interdisciplinary Studies, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY, USA.
- Departments of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, 12180, Troy, NY, USA.
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6
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Cont D, Harm S, Schildböck C, Kolm C, Kirschner AKT, Farnleitner AH, Pilecky M, Zottl J, Hartmann J, Weber V. The neutralizing effect of heparin on blood-derived antimicrobial compounds: impact on antibacterial activity and inflammatory response. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1373255. [PMID: 38585266 PMCID: PMC10995223 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1373255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2024] [Accepted: 03/13/2024] [Indexed: 04/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Acting through a combination of direct and indirect pathogen clearance mechanisms, blood-derived antimicrobial compounds (AMCs) play a pivotal role in innate immunity, safeguarding the host against invading microorganisms. Besides their antimicrobial activity, some AMCs can neutralize endotoxins, preventing their interaction with immune cells and avoiding an excessive inflammatory response. In this study, we aimed to investigate the influence of unfractionated heparin, a polyanionic drug clinically used as anticoagulant, on the endotoxin-neutralizing and antibacterial activity of blood-derived AMCs. Serum samples from healthy donors were pre-incubated with increasing concentrations of heparin for different time periods and tested against pathogenic bacteria (Acinetobacter baumannii, Enterococcus faecium, Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus) and endotoxins from E. coli, K. pneumoniae, and P. aeruginosa. Heparin dose-dependently decreased the activity of blood-derived AMCs. Consequently, pre-incubation with heparin led to increased activity of LPS and higher values of the pro-inflammatory cytokines tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α) and interleukin 6 (IL-6). Accordingly, higher concentrations of A. baumannii, E. coli, K. pneumoniae, and P. aeruginosa were observed as well. These findings underscore the neutralizing effect of unfractionated heparin on blood-derived AMCs in vitro and may lead to alternative affinity techniques for isolating and characterizing novel AMCs with the potential for clinical translation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Denisa Cont
- Department for Biomedical Research, University for Continuing Education Krems, Krems an der Donau, Austria
- Department of Physiology, Pharmacology and Microbiology, Division Water Quality and Health, Karl Landsteiner University of Health Sciences, Krems an der Donau, Austria
| | - Stephan Harm
- Department for Biomedical Research, University for Continuing Education Krems, Krems an der Donau, Austria
| | - Claudia Schildböck
- Department for Biomedical Research, University for Continuing Education Krems, Krems an der Donau, Austria
| | - Claudia Kolm
- Department of Physiology, Pharmacology and Microbiology, Division Water Quality and Health, Karl Landsteiner University of Health Sciences, Krems an der Donau, Austria
- Institute of Chemical, Environmental and Bioscience Engineering, Research Group Microbiology and Molecular Diagnostics, Vienna University of Technology, Vienna, Austria
| | - Alexander K. T. Kirschner
- Department of Physiology, Pharmacology and Microbiology, Division Water Quality and Health, Karl Landsteiner University of Health Sciences, Krems an der Donau, Austria
- Institute for Hygiene and Applied Immunology, Water Microbiology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Andreas H. Farnleitner
- Department of Physiology, Pharmacology and Microbiology, Division Water Quality and Health, Karl Landsteiner University of Health Sciences, Krems an der Donau, Austria
- Institute of Chemical, Environmental and Bioscience Engineering, Research Group Microbiology and Molecular Diagnostics, Vienna University of Technology, Vienna, Austria
| | - Matthias Pilecky
- Research Lab Aquatic Ecosystem Research and Health, University for Continuing Education Krems, Krems an der Donau, Austria
- Water Cluster Lunz Biological Station, Lunz, Austria
| | - Jennifer Zottl
- Department for Biomedical Research, University for Continuing Education Krems, Krems an der Donau, Austria
| | - Jens Hartmann
- Department for Biomedical Research, University for Continuing Education Krems, Krems an der Donau, Austria
| | - Viktoria Weber
- Department for Biomedical Research, University for Continuing Education Krems, Krems an der Donau, Austria
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7
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Venegas-Solis F, Staliunaite L, Rudolph E, Münch CCS, Yu P, Freibert SA, Maeda T, Zimmer CL, Möbs C, Keller C, Kaufmann A, Bauer S. A type I interferon regulatory network for human plasmacytoid dendritic cells based on heparin, membrane-bound and soluble BDCA-2. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2024; 121:e2312404121. [PMID: 38478694 PMCID: PMC10963015 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2312404121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2023] [Accepted: 01/10/2024] [Indexed: 03/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDCs) produce type I interferons (IFNs) after sensing viral/bacterial RNA or DNA by toll-like receptor (TLR) 7 or TLR9, respectively. However, aberrant pDCs activation can cause adverse effects on the host and contributes to the pathogenesis of type I IFN-related autoimmune diseases. Here, we show that heparin interacts with the human pDCs-specific blood dendritic cell antigen 2 (BDCA-2) but not with related lectins such as DCIR or dectin-2. Importantly, BDCA-2-heparin interaction depends on heparin sulfation and receptor glycosylation and results in inhibition of TLR9-driven type I IFN production in primary human pDCs and the pDC-like cell line CAL-1. This inhibition is mediated by unfractionated and low-molecular-weight heparin, as well as endogenous heparin from plasma, suggesting that the local blood environment controls the production of IFN-α in pDCs. Additionally, we identified an activation-dependent soluble form of BDCA-2 (solBDCA-2) in human plasma that functions as heparin antagonist and thereby increases TLR9-driven IFN-α production in pDCs. Of importance, solBDCA-2 levels in the serum were increased in patients with scrub typhus (an acute infectious disease caused by Orientia tsutsugamushi) compared to healthy control subjects and correlated with anti-dsDNA antibodies titers. In contrast, solBDCA-2 levels in plasma from patients with bullous pemphigoid or psoriasis were reduced. In summary, this work identifies a regulatory network consisting of heparin, membrane-bound and solBDCA-2 modulating TLR9-driven IFN-α production in pDCs. This insight into pDCs function and regulation may have implications for the treatment of pDCs-related autoimmune diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francisco Venegas-Solis
- Institute for Immunology, Philipps-Universität Marburg, Biomedizinisches Forschungszentrum Marburg, Marburg35043, Germany
| | - Laura Staliunaite
- Institute for Immunology, Philipps-Universität Marburg, Biomedizinisches Forschungszentrum Marburg, Marburg35043, Germany
| | - Elisa Rudolph
- Institute for Immunology, Philipps-Universität Marburg, Biomedizinisches Forschungszentrum Marburg, Marburg35043, Germany
| | - Carina Chan-Song Münch
- Institute of Virology, Philipps-Universität Marburg, Biomedizinisches Forschungszemtrum Marburg, Marburg35043, Germany
| | - Philipp Yu
- Institute for Immunology, Philipps-Universität Marburg, Biomedizinisches Forschungszentrum Marburg, Marburg35043, Germany
| | - Sven-A. Freibert
- Institute for Cytobiology, Center for Synthetic Microbiology, Philipps-Universität Marburg, Marburg35032, Germany
- Core Facility “Protein Biochemistry and Spectroscopy”, Philipps-Universität Marburg, Marburg35032, Germany
| | - Takahiro Maeda
- Department of Island and Community Medicine, Island Medical Research Institute, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Science, Nagasaki852-8523, Japan
| | - Christine L. Zimmer
- Department of Dermatology and Allergology, Philipps-Universität Marburg, Marburg35043, Germany
| | - Christian Möbs
- Department of Dermatology and Allergology, Philipps-Universität Marburg, Marburg35043, Germany
| | - Christian Keller
- Institute of Virology, Philipps-Universität Marburg, Biomedizinisches Forschungszemtrum Marburg, Marburg35043, Germany
| | - Andreas Kaufmann
- Institute for Immunology, Philipps-Universität Marburg, Biomedizinisches Forschungszentrum Marburg, Marburg35043, Germany
| | - Stefan Bauer
- Institute for Immunology, Philipps-Universität Marburg, Biomedizinisches Forschungszentrum Marburg, Marburg35043, Germany
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8
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Czestkowski W, Krzemiński Ł, Piotrowicz MC, Mazur M, Pluta E, Andryianau G, Koralewski R, Matyszewski K, Olejniczak S, Kowalski M, Lisiecka K, Kozieł R, Piwowar K, Papiernik D, Nowotny M, Napiórkowska-Gromadzka A, Nowak E, Niedziałek D, Wieczorek G, Siwińska A, Rejczak T, Jędrzejczak K, Mulewski K, Olczak J, Zasłona Z, Gołębiowski A, Drzewicka K, Bartoszewicz A. Structure-Based Discovery of High-Affinity Small Molecule Ligands and Development of Tool Probes to Study the Role of Chitinase-3-Like Protein 1. J Med Chem 2024; 67:3959-3985. [PMID: 38427954 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.3c02255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/03/2024]
Abstract
Chitinase-3-like-1 (CHI3L1), also known as YKL-40, is a glycoprotein linked to inflammation, fibrosis, and cancer. This study explored CHI3L1's interactions with various oligosaccharides using microscale thermophoresis (MST) and AlphaScreen (AS). These investigations guided the development of high-throughput screening assays to assess interference of small molecules in binding between CHI3L1 and biotinylated small molecules or heparan sulfate-based probes. Small molecule binders of YKL-40 were identified in our chitotriosidase inhibitors library with MST and confirmed through X-ray crystallography. Based on cocrystal structures of potent hit compounds with CHI3L1, small molecule probes 19 and 20 were designed for an AS assay. Structure-based optimization led to compounds 30 and 31 with nanomolar activities and drug-like properties. Additionally, an orthogonal AS assay using biotinylated heparan sulfate as a probe was developed. The compounds' affinity showed a significant correlation in both assays. These screening tools and compounds offer novel avenues for investigating the role of CHI3L1.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Marzena Mazur
- Molecure S.A., Żwirki I Wigury 101, Warsaw 02-089, Poland
| | - Elżbieta Pluta
- Molecure S.A., Żwirki I Wigury 101, Warsaw 02-089, Poland
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Rafał Kozieł
- Molecure S.A., Żwirki I Wigury 101, Warsaw 02-089, Poland
| | | | | | - Marcin Nowotny
- Laboratory of Protein Structure, International Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology in Warsaw, Ks. Trojdena 4, Warsaw 02-109, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Napiórkowska-Gromadzka
- Laboratory of Protein Structure, International Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology in Warsaw, Ks. Trojdena 4, Warsaw 02-109, Poland
| | - Elżbieta Nowak
- Laboratory of Protein Structure, International Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology in Warsaw, Ks. Trojdena 4, Warsaw 02-109, Poland
| | | | | | - Anna Siwińska
- Molecure S.A., Żwirki I Wigury 101, Warsaw 02-089, Poland
| | - Tomasz Rejczak
- Molecure S.A., Żwirki I Wigury 101, Warsaw 02-089, Poland
| | | | | | - Jacek Olczak
- Molecure S.A., Żwirki I Wigury 101, Warsaw 02-089, Poland
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9
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Hussein HR, Chang CY, Zheng Y, Yang CY, Li LH, Lee YT, Chen JY, Liang YC, Lin CJ, Chang YC, Geo HN, Noor SM, Kiew LV, Chen FR, Chang CC. Immune-stealth VP28-conjugated heparin nanoparticles for enhanced and reversible anticoagulation. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2024; 35:175102. [PMID: 38262054 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6528/ad21a2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2023] [Accepted: 01/23/2024] [Indexed: 01/25/2024]
Abstract
Heparins are a family of sulfated linear negatively charged polysaccharides that have been widely used for their anticoagulant, antithrombotic, antitumor, anti-inflammatory, and antiviral properties. Additionally, it has been used for acute cerebral infarction relief as well as other pharmacological actions. However, heparin's self-aggregated macrocomplex may reduce blood circulation time and induce life-threatening thrombocytopenia (HIT) complicating the use of heparins. Nonetheless, the conjugation of heparin to immuno-stealth biomolecules may overcome these obstacles. An immunostealth recombinant viral capsid protein (VP28) was expressed and conjugated with heparin to form a novel nanoparticle (VP28-heparin). VP28-heparin was characterized and tested to determine its immunogenicity, anticoagulation properties, effects on total platelet count, and risk of inducing HIT in animal models. The synthesized VP28-heparin trimeric nanoparticle was non-immunogenic, possessed an average hydrodynamic size (8.81 ± 0.58 nm) optimal for the evasion renal filtration and reticuloendothelial system uptake (hence prolonging circulating half-life). Additionally, VP28-heparin did not induce mouse death or reduce blood platelet count when administered at a high dosein vivo(hence reducing HIT risks). The VP28-heparin nanoparticle also exhibited superior anticoagulation properties (2.2× higher prothrombin time) and comparable activated partial thromboplastin time, but longer anticoagulation period when compared to unfractionated heparin. The anticoagulative effects of the VP28-heparin can also be reversed using protamine sulfate. Thus, VP28-heparin may be an effective and safe heparin derivative for therapeutic use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hussein Reda Hussein
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, 30068 Hsinchu, Taiwan
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Al-Azhar University, Assiut branch 71524, Egypt
| | - Chia-Yu Chang
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, 30068 Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Yini Zheng
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Chih-Yu Yang
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, School of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei 11221, Taiwan
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei 11217, Taiwan
| | - Li-Hua Li
- Department of Pathology and laboratory medicine, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei 11217, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Tzu Lee
- Department of Emergency, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei 11217, Taiwan
| | - Jun-Yi Chen
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei 11221, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Chaun Liang
- Agricultural Biotechnology Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei 11529, Taiwan
| | - Chuan-Ju Lin
- Agricultural Biotechnology Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei 11529, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Chia Chang
- Agricultural Biotechnology Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei 11529, Taiwan
| | - Hui Nee Geo
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Suzita Mohd Noor
- Department of Biomedical Science, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Lik Voon Kiew
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, 30068 Hsinchu, Taiwan
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Fu-Rong Chen
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Chia-Ching Chang
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, 30068 Hsinchu, Taiwan
- Department of Electrophysics, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu 30010, Taiwan
- Center for Intelligent Drug Systems and Smart Bio-devices (IDS2B), National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu 30068, Taiwan
- International College of Semiconductor Technology, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, 30010 Hsinchu, Taiwan
- Institute of Physics, Academia Sinica, Taipei 10529, Taiwan
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10
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Wasilewska M, Dąbkowska M, Pomorska A, Batys P, Kowalski B, Michna A, Adamczyk Z. Mechanisms of Fibroblast Growth Factor 21 Adsorption on Macroion Layers: Molecular Dynamics Modeling and Kinetic Measurements. Biomolecules 2023; 13:1709. [PMID: 38136581 PMCID: PMC10741725 DOI: 10.3390/biom13121709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2023] [Revised: 11/20/2023] [Accepted: 11/21/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Molecular dynamic modeling and various experimental techniques, including multi-angle dynamic light scattering (MADLS), streaming potential, optical waveguide light spectroscopy (OWLS), quartz crystal microbalance with dissipation (QCM), and atomic force microscopy (AFM), were applied to determine the basic physicochemical parameters of fibroblast growth factor 21 in electrolyte solutions. The protein size and shape, cross-section area, dependence of the nominal charge on pH, and isoelectric point of 5.3 were acquired. These data enabled the interpretation of the adsorption kinetics of FGF 21 on bare and macrocation-covered silica investigated by OWLS and QCM. It was confirmed that the protein molecules irreversibly adsorbed on the latter substrate, forming layers with controlled coverage up to 0.8 mg m-2, while their adsorption on bare silica was much smaller. The viability of two cell lines, CHO-K1 and L-929, on both bare and macrocation/FGF 21-covered substrates was also determined. It is postulated that the acquired results can serve as useful reference systems for designing complexes that can extend the half-life of FGF 21 in its active state.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monika Wasilewska
- Jerzy Haber Institute of Catalysis and Surface Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Niezapominajek 8, 30-239 Krakow, Poland; (M.W.); (A.P.); (P.B.)
| | - Maria Dąbkowska
- Independent Laboratory of Pharmacokinetic and Clinical Pharmacy, Pomeranian Medical University, Rybacka 1, 70-204 Szczecin, Poland; (M.D.); (B.K.)
| | - Agata Pomorska
- Jerzy Haber Institute of Catalysis and Surface Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Niezapominajek 8, 30-239 Krakow, Poland; (M.W.); (A.P.); (P.B.)
| | - Piotr Batys
- Jerzy Haber Institute of Catalysis and Surface Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Niezapominajek 8, 30-239 Krakow, Poland; (M.W.); (A.P.); (P.B.)
| | - Bogusław Kowalski
- Independent Laboratory of Pharmacokinetic and Clinical Pharmacy, Pomeranian Medical University, Rybacka 1, 70-204 Szczecin, Poland; (M.D.); (B.K.)
| | - Aneta Michna
- Jerzy Haber Institute of Catalysis and Surface Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Niezapominajek 8, 30-239 Krakow, Poland; (M.W.); (A.P.); (P.B.)
| | - Zbigniew Adamczyk
- Jerzy Haber Institute of Catalysis and Surface Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Niezapominajek 8, 30-239 Krakow, Poland; (M.W.); (A.P.); (P.B.)
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11
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Dorogin J, Hochstatter HB, Shepherd SO, Svendsen JE, Benz MA, Powers AC, Fear KM, Townsend JM, Prell JS, Hosseinzadeh P, Hettiaratchi MH. Moderate-Affinity Affibodies Modulate the Delivery and Bioactivity of Bone Morphogenetic Protein-2. Adv Healthc Mater 2023; 12:e2300793. [PMID: 37379021 PMCID: PMC10592408 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202300793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2023] [Revised: 05/16/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023]
Abstract
Uncontrolled bone morphogenetic protein-2 (BMP-2) release can lead to off-target bone growth and other adverse events. To tackle this challenge, yeast surface display is used to identify unique BMP-2-specific protein binders known as affibodies that bind to BMP-2 with different affinities. Biolayer interferometry reveals an equilibrium dissociation constant of 10.7 nm for the interaction between BMP-2 and high-affinity affibody and 34.8 nm for the interaction between BMP-2 and the low-affinity affibody. The low-affinity affibody-BMP-2 interaction also exhibits an off-rate constant that is an order of magnitude higher. Computational modeling of affibody-BMP-2 binding predicts that the high- and low-affinity affibodies bind to two distinct sites on BMP-2 that function as different cell-receptor binding sites. BMP-2 binding to affibodies reduces expression of the osteogenic marker alkaline phosphatase (ALP) in C2C12 myoblasts. Affibody-conjugated polyethylene glycol-maleimide hydrogels increase uptake of BMP-2 compared to affibody-free hydrogels, and high-affinity hydrogels exhibit lower BMP-2 release into serum compared to low-affinity hydrogels and affibody-free hydrogels over four weeks. Loading BMP-2 into affibody-conjugated hydrogels prolongs ALP activity of C2C12 myoblasts compared to soluble BMP-2. This work demonstrates that affibodies with different affinities can modulate BMP-2 delivery and activity, creating a promising approach for controlling BMP-2 delivery in clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan Dorogin
- Department of Bioengineering, Knight Campus for Accelerating Scientific Impact, University of Oregon. 6231 University of Oregon, Eugene, OR, USA. 97403
| | - Henry B. Hochstatter
- Department of Bioengineering, Knight Campus for Accelerating Scientific Impact, University of Oregon. 6231 University of Oregon, Eugene, OR, USA. 97403
- Department of Human Physiology, University of Oregon. 1320 E 15 Ave., Eugene, OR, USA. 97403
| | - Samantha O. Shepherd
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Oregon. 1253 University of Oregon, Eugene, OR, USA. 97403
| | - Justin E. Svendsen
- Department of Bioengineering, Knight Campus for Accelerating Scientific Impact, University of Oregon. 6231 University of Oregon, Eugene, OR, USA. 97403
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Oregon. 1253 University of Oregon, Eugene, OR, USA. 97403
| | - Morrhyssey A. Benz
- Department of Bioengineering, Knight Campus for Accelerating Scientific Impact, University of Oregon. 6231 University of Oregon, Eugene, OR, USA. 97403
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Oregon. 1253 University of Oregon, Eugene, OR, USA. 97403
| | - Andrew C. Powers
- Department of Bioengineering, Knight Campus for Accelerating Scientific Impact, University of Oregon. 6231 University of Oregon, Eugene, OR, USA. 97403
| | - Karly M. Fear
- Department of Bioengineering, Knight Campus for Accelerating Scientific Impact, University of Oregon. 6231 University of Oregon, Eugene, OR, USA. 97403
| | - Jakob M. Townsend
- Department of Bioengineering, Knight Campus for Accelerating Scientific Impact, University of Oregon. 6231 University of Oregon, Eugene, OR, USA. 97403
| | - James S. Prell
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Oregon. 1253 University of Oregon, Eugene, OR, USA. 97403
| | - Parisa Hosseinzadeh
- Department of Bioengineering, Knight Campus for Accelerating Scientific Impact, University of Oregon. 6231 University of Oregon, Eugene, OR, USA. 97403
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Oregon. 1253 University of Oregon, Eugene, OR, USA. 97403
| | - Marian H. Hettiaratchi
- Department of Bioengineering, Knight Campus for Accelerating Scientific Impact, University of Oregon. 6231 University of Oregon, Eugene, OR, USA. 97403
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Oregon. 1253 University of Oregon, Eugene, OR, USA. 97403
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12
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Amaral S, Lozano-Fernández T, Sabin J, Gallego A, da Silva Morais A, Reis RL, González-Fernández Á, Pashkuleva I, Novoa-Carballal R. End-on PEGylation of heparin: Effect on anticoagulant activity and complexation with protamine. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 249:125957. [PMID: 37499705 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.125957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2023] [Revised: 06/20/2023] [Accepted: 07/15/2023] [Indexed: 07/29/2023]
Abstract
Heparin is the most common anticoagulant used in clinical practice but shows some downsides such as short half-life (for the high molecular weight heparin) and secondary effects. On the other hand, its low molecular weight analogue cannot be neutralized with protamine, and therefore cannot be used in some treatments. To address these issues, we conjugated polyethylene glycol (PEG) to heparin reducing end (end-on) via oxime ligation and studied the interactions of the conjugate (Hep-b-PEG) with antithrombin III (AT) and protamine. Isothermal titration calorimetry showed that Hep-b-PEG maintains the affinity to AT. Dynamic light scattering demonstrated that the Hep-b-PEG formed colloidal stable nanocomplexes with protamine instead of large multi-molecular aggregates, associated with heparin side effects. The in vitro (human plasma) and in vivo experiments (Sprague Dawley rats) evidenced an extended half-life and higher anticoagulant activity of the conjugate when compared to unmodified heparin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Amaral
- 3B's Research Group, I3B's Research Institute on Biomaterials, Biodegradables and Biomimetics, University of Minho, Headquarters of the European Institute of Excellence on Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, 4805-017 Barco, Portugal; ICVS/3B's - PT Government Associate Laboratory, University of Minho, Portugal
| | - Tamara Lozano-Fernández
- NanoImmunoTech, Edificio CITEXVI Fonte das Abelleiras s/n, Campus Universitario de Vigo, 36310 Vigo, Pontevedra, Spain
| | - Juan Sabin
- AFFINImeter Scientific & Development Team, Software 4 Science Developments, Santiago de Compostela, A Coruña 15782, Spain; Departamento de Física Aplicada, Facultad de Física, Universidad de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Amanda Gallego
- NanoImmunoTech, Edificio CITEXVI Fonte das Abelleiras s/n, Campus Universitario de Vigo, 36310 Vigo, Pontevedra, Spain
| | - Alain da Silva Morais
- 3B's Research Group, I3B's Research Institute on Biomaterials, Biodegradables and Biomimetics, University of Minho, Headquarters of the European Institute of Excellence on Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, 4805-017 Barco, Portugal; ICVS/3B's - PT Government Associate Laboratory, University of Minho, Portugal
| | - Rui L Reis
- 3B's Research Group, I3B's Research Institute on Biomaterials, Biodegradables and Biomimetics, University of Minho, Headquarters of the European Institute of Excellence on Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, 4805-017 Barco, Portugal; ICVS/3B's - PT Government Associate Laboratory, University of Minho, Portugal
| | - África González-Fernández
- NanoImmunoTech, Edificio CITEXVI Fonte das Abelleiras s/n, Campus Universitario de Vigo, 36310 Vigo, Pontevedra, Spain; CINBIO, Universidade de Vigo, Campus Universitario de Vigo, 36310 Vigo, Pontevedra, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Galicia Sur (IIS-GS), Hospital Alvaro Cunqueiro, Estrada Clara Campoamor, 36312 Vigo, Pontevedra, Spain
| | - Iva Pashkuleva
- 3B's Research Group, I3B's Research Institute on Biomaterials, Biodegradables and Biomimetics, University of Minho, Headquarters of the European Institute of Excellence on Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, 4805-017 Barco, Portugal; ICVS/3B's - PT Government Associate Laboratory, University of Minho, Portugal.
| | - Ramon Novoa-Carballal
- 3B's Research Group, I3B's Research Institute on Biomaterials, Biodegradables and Biomimetics, University of Minho, Headquarters of the European Institute of Excellence on Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, 4805-017 Barco, Portugal; ICVS/3B's - PT Government Associate Laboratory, University of Minho, Portugal.
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13
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Milusev A, Ren J, Despont A, Shaw J, Längin M, Bender M, Abicht JM, Mokelke M, Radan J, Neumann E, Kemter E, Klymiuk N, Ayares D, Wolf E, Reichart B, Sorvillo N, Rieben R. Glycocalyx dynamics and the inflammatory response of genetically modified porcine endothelial cells. Xenotransplantation 2023; 30:e12820. [PMID: 37735958 DOI: 10.1111/xen.12820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2023] [Revised: 06/29/2023] [Accepted: 07/26/2023] [Indexed: 09/23/2023]
Abstract
Xenotransplantation is a promising approach to reduce organ shortage, while genetic modification of donor pigs has significantly decreased the immunogenic burden of xenotransplants, organ rejection is still a hurdle. Genetically modified pig organs are used in xenotransplantation research, and the first clinical pig-to-human heart transplantation was performed in 2022. However, the impact of genetic modification has not been investigated on a cellular level yet. Endothelial cells (EC) and their sugar-rich surface known as the glycocalyx are the first barrier encountering the recipient's immune system, making them a target for rejection. We have previously shown that wild type venous but not arterial EC were protected against heparan sulfate (HS) shedding after activation with human serum or human tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF𝛼). Using a 2D microfluidic system we investigated the glycocalyx dynamics of genetically modified porcine arterial and venous EC (Gal𝛼1,3 Gal knock-out, transgenic for human CD46 and thrombomodulin, GTKO/hCD46/hTM) after activation with human serum or human TNF𝛼. Interestingly, we observed that GTKO/hCD46/hTM arterial cells, additionally to venous cells, do not shed HS. Unscathed HS on GTKO/hCD46/hTM EC correlated with reduced complement deposition, suggesting that protection against complement activation contributes to maintaining an intact glycocalyx layer on arterial EC. This protection was lost on GTKO/hCD46/hTM cells after simultaneous perfusion with human serum and human TNF𝛼. HS shedding on arterial cells and increased complement deposition on both arterial and venous cells was observed. These findings suggest that GTKO/hCD46/hTM EC revert to a proinflammatory phenotype in an inflammatory xenotransplantation setting, potentially favoring transplant rejection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anastasia Milusev
- Department for BioMedical Research (DBMR), University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
- Graduate School for Cellular and Biomedical Sciences (GCB), University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Jianfang Ren
- Department for BioMedical Research (DBMR), University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
- Graduate School for Cellular and Biomedical Sciences (GCB), University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Alain Despont
- Department for BioMedical Research (DBMR), University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Jane Shaw
- Department for BioMedical Research (DBMR), University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Matthias Längin
- Department of Anaesthesiology, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Martin Bender
- Department of Anaesthesiology, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Jan-Michael Abicht
- Department of Anaesthesiology, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Maren Mokelke
- Walter Brendel Centre of Experimental Medicine, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Julia Radan
- Walter Brendel Centre of Experimental Medicine, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Elisabeth Neumann
- Walter Brendel Centre of Experimental Medicine, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Elisabeth Kemter
- Chair for Molecular Animal Breeding and Biotechnology, Gene Center and Department of Veterinary Sciences, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
- Center for Innovative Medical Models (CiMM), LMU Munich, Oberschleissheim, Germany
| | - Nikolai Klymiuk
- Center for Innovative Medical Models (CiMM), LMU Munich, Oberschleissheim, Germany
- I. Department of Medicine, MRI,Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | | | - Eckhard Wolf
- Chair for Molecular Animal Breeding and Biotechnology, Gene Center and Department of Veterinary Sciences, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
- Center for Innovative Medical Models (CiMM), LMU Munich, Oberschleissheim, Germany
| | - Bruno Reichart
- Walter Brendel Centre of Experimental Medicine, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Nicoletta Sorvillo
- Department for BioMedical Research (DBMR), University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Robert Rieben
- Department for BioMedical Research (DBMR), University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
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14
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Kodchakorn K, Chokepaichitkool T, Kongtawelert P. Purification and characterisation of heparin-like sulfated polysaccharides with potent anti-SARS-CoV-2 activity from snail mucus of Achatina fulica. Carbohydr Res 2023; 529:108832. [PMID: 37192581 DOI: 10.1016/j.carres.2023.108832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2023] [Revised: 05/01/2023] [Accepted: 05/03/2023] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Heparin-like sulfated polysaccharide, acharan sulfate, was purified from the mucus of an African giant snail with unique sulfated glycosaminoglycans (GAGs). This study reported on finding novel and safe heparin resources from Achatina fulica for further use as well as easy isolation and purification of the active fraction from the initial raw material. Its structure was characterised by a strong-anion exchange combined with high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy. The results indicated that the potential acharan sulfate fraction is a glycosaminoglycan composed of several repeating disaccharide units, namely, of →4)-α-IdoA(2S)(1→4)-α-GlcNAc/GlcNAc(6S)/GlcNSO3(6S)(1→, and hence, presents heterogeneity regarding negative net charge density. Furthermore, the heparinase digests inhibit the binding of SARS-CoV-2 spike protein to the ACE2 receptor. In summary, the acharan sulfate presented in this work has shown its great potential for application in the preparation of sulfated polysaccharides as an alternative to heparin with important biological activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kanchanok Kodchakorn
- Thailand Excellence Center for Tissue Engineering and Stem Cells, Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand.
| | - Tawan Chokepaichitkool
- Thailand Excellence Center for Tissue Engineering and Stem Cells, Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand.
| | - Prachya Kongtawelert
- Thailand Excellence Center for Tissue Engineering and Stem Cells, Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand.
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15
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Nagel AS, Rudenko NV, Luchkina PN, Karatovskaya AP, Zamyatina AV, Andreeva-Kovalevskaya ZI, Siunov AV, Brovko FA, Solonin AS. Region Met225 to Ile412 of Bacillus cereus Hemolysin II Is Capable to Agglutinate Red Blood Cells. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28083581. [PMID: 37110815 PMCID: PMC10140989 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28083581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2023] [Revised: 03/28/2023] [Accepted: 04/18/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Hemolysin II (HlyII) is one of the virulence factors of the opportunistic bacterium Bacillus cereus belonging to the group of β-pore-forming toxins. This work created a genetic construct encoding a large C-terminal fragment of the toxin (HlyIILCTD, M225-I412 according to the numbering of amino acid residues in HlyII). A soluble form of HlyIILCTD was obtained using the SlyD chaperone protein. HlyIILCTD was first shown to be capable of agglutinating rabbit erythrocytes. Monoclonal antibodies against HlyIILCTD were obtained by hybridoma technology. We also proposed a mode of rabbit erythrocyte agglutination by HlyIILCTD and selected three anti-HlyIILCTD monoclonal antibodies that inhibited the agglutination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexey S Nagel
- G.K. Skryabin Institute of Biochemistry and Physiology of Microorganisms, FRC Pushchino Scientific Centre of Biological Research, Russian Academy of Sciences, 5 Prospekt Nauki, 142290 Pushchino, Moscow Region, Russia
| | - Natalia V Rudenko
- Pushchino Branch, Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 6 Prospekt Nauki, 142290 Pushchino, Moscow Region, Russia
| | - Polina N Luchkina
- G.K. Skryabin Institute of Biochemistry and Physiology of Microorganisms, FRC Pushchino Scientific Centre of Biological Research, Russian Academy of Sciences, 5 Prospekt Nauki, 142290 Pushchino, Moscow Region, Russia
| | - Anna P Karatovskaya
- Pushchino Branch, Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 6 Prospekt Nauki, 142290 Pushchino, Moscow Region, Russia
| | - Anna V Zamyatina
- Pushchino Branch, Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 6 Prospekt Nauki, 142290 Pushchino, Moscow Region, Russia
| | - Zhanna I Andreeva-Kovalevskaya
- G.K. Skryabin Institute of Biochemistry and Physiology of Microorganisms, FRC Pushchino Scientific Centre of Biological Research, Russian Academy of Sciences, 5 Prospekt Nauki, 142290 Pushchino, Moscow Region, Russia
| | - Alexander V Siunov
- G.K. Skryabin Institute of Biochemistry and Physiology of Microorganisms, FRC Pushchino Scientific Centre of Biological Research, Russian Academy of Sciences, 5 Prospekt Nauki, 142290 Pushchino, Moscow Region, Russia
| | - Fedor A Brovko
- Pushchino Branch, Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 6 Prospekt Nauki, 142290 Pushchino, Moscow Region, Russia
| | - Alexander S Solonin
- G.K. Skryabin Institute of Biochemistry and Physiology of Microorganisms, FRC Pushchino Scientific Centre of Biological Research, Russian Academy of Sciences, 5 Prospekt Nauki, 142290 Pushchino, Moscow Region, Russia
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16
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Mockett BG, Ryan MM. The therapeutic potential of the neuroactive peptides of soluble amyloid precursor protein-alpha in Alzheimer's disease and related neurological disorders. Semin Cell Dev Biol 2023; 139:93-101. [PMID: 35654665 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2022.05.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2022] [Revised: 05/15/2022] [Accepted: 05/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Soluble amyloid precursor protein-alpha (sAPPα) is a multi-functional brain-derived protein that has neuroprotective, neurogenic and neurotropic properties. Moreover, it is known to facilitate synaptic function and promote neural repair. These properties suggest sAPPα may be useful as a therapeutic agent for the treatment of neurological diseases characterized by synaptic failure and neuronal loss, such as occurs in Alzheimer's disease, and for neural repair following traumatic brain injury and stroke. However, sAPPα's relatively large size and the difficulty of ongoing delivery of therapeutics to the brain mean this is not currently practicable. Importantly, however, sAPPα is composed of several neuroactive domains that each possess properties that collectively are remarkably similar to those of sAPPα itself. Here, we review the molecular structure of sAPPα and identify the domains that contribute to its overall functionality. Four peptide motifs present as possible targets for therapeutic development. We review their physiochemical and neuroactive properties, both within sAPPα and as isolated peptides, and discuss their potential for future development as multipurpose therapeutic agents for the treatment of Alzheimer's disease and other disorders of neuronal function. Further, we discuss the role of heparin binding sites, found within sAPPα's structure and overlapping with the neuroactive domains, as sites for interactions with effector proteins and synaptic receptors. The potential role of the neuroactive peptides known as Cationic Arginine-Rich Peptides (CARPs) as neuroprotective motifs is also reviewed. Mechanisms of peptide delivery to the brain are briefly discussed. Finally, we summarise the potential benefits and pitfalls of using the isolated peptides, either individually or in combination, for the treatment of neurological diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruce G Mockett
- Department of Psychology, University of Otago, PO Box 56, Dunedin, New Zealand; Brain Health Research Centre, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Margaret M Ryan
- Department of Anatomy, School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Otago, PO Box 56, Dunedin, New Zealand; Brain Health Research Centre, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand.
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17
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Milusev A, Despont A, Shaw J, Rieben R, Sorvillo N. Inflammatory stimuli induce shedding of heparan sulfate from arterial but not venous porcine endothelial cells leading to differential proinflammatory and procoagulant responses. Sci Rep 2023; 13:4483. [PMID: 36934164 PMCID: PMC10024017 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-31396-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2022] [Accepted: 03/10/2023] [Indexed: 03/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Endothelial dysfunction is an early event of vascular injury defined by a proinflammatory and procoagulant endothelial cell (EC) phenotype. Although endothelial glycocalyx disruption is associated with vascular damage, how various inflammatory stimuli affect the glycocalyx and whether arterial and venous cells respond differently is unknown. Using a 3D round-channel microfluidic system we investigated the endothelial glycocalyx, particularly heparan sulfate (HS), on porcine arterial and venous ECs. Heparan sulfate (HS)/glycocalyx expression was observed already under static conditions on venous ECs while it was flow-dependent on arterial cells. Furthermore, analysis of HS/glycocalyx response after stimulation with inflammatory cues revealed that venous, but not arterial ECs, are resistant to HS shedding. This finding was observed also on isolated porcine vessels. Persistence of HS on venous ECs prevented complement deposition and clot formation after stimulation with tumor necrosis factor α or lipopolysaccharide, whereas after xenogeneic activation no glycocalyx-mediated protection was observed. Contrarily, HS shedding on arterial cells, even without an inflammatory insult, was sufficient to induce a proinflammatory and procoagulant phenotype. Our data indicate that the dimorphic response of arterial and venous ECs is partially due to distinct HS/glycocalyx dynamics suggesting that arterial and venous thrombo-inflammatory disorders require targeted therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anastasia Milusev
- Department for BioMedical Research (DBMR), University of Bern, Murtenstrasse 24, 3008, Bern, Switzerland
- Graduate School for Cellular and Biomedical Sciences (GCB), University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Alain Despont
- Department for BioMedical Research (DBMR), University of Bern, Murtenstrasse 24, 3008, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Jane Shaw
- Department for BioMedical Research (DBMR), University of Bern, Murtenstrasse 24, 3008, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Robert Rieben
- Department for BioMedical Research (DBMR), University of Bern, Murtenstrasse 24, 3008, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Nicoletta Sorvillo
- Department for BioMedical Research (DBMR), University of Bern, Murtenstrasse 24, 3008, Bern, Switzerland.
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18
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Yoodee S, Thongboonkerd V. Bioinformatics and computational analyses of kidney stone modulatory proteins lead to solid experimental evidence and therapeutic potential. Biomed Pharmacother 2023; 159:114217. [PMID: 36623450 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2023.114217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2022] [Revised: 12/26/2022] [Accepted: 01/04/2023] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
In recent biomedical research, bioinformatics and computational analyses have played essential roles for examining experimental findings and database information. Several bioinformatic tools have been developed and made publicly available for analyzing protein sequence, structure, functional motif/domain, and interactions network. Such properties are very helpful to define biochemical and functional roles of the protein(s) of interest. During the past few decades, bioinformatics and computational biotechnology have been widely applied to kidney stone research. This review summarizes commonly used tools and evidence of bioinformatics and computational biotechnology applied to kidney stone disease (KSD) with special emphasis on analyses of the stone modulatory proteins that play critical roles in kidney stone formation. Such analyses lead to solid experimental evidence to demonstrate mechanisms underlying their stone modulatory activities. The findings obtained from such analyses may also lead to better understanding of KSD pathogenesis and to further development of new therapeutic and preventive strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sunisa Yoodee
- Medical Proteomics Unit, Research Department, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10700, Thailand
| | - Visith Thongboonkerd
- Medical Proteomics Unit, Research Department, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10700, Thailand.
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19
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Wang HL, Ruan DD, Wu M, Ji YY, Hu XX, Wu QY, Zhang YP, Lin B, Hu YN, Wang H, Tang Y, Fang ZT, Luo JW, Liao LS, Gao MZ. Identification and characterization of two SERPINC1 mutations causing congenital antithrombin deficiency. Thromb J 2023; 21:3. [PMID: 36624481 PMCID: PMC9830717 DOI: 10.1186/s12959-022-00443-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2022] [Accepted: 12/22/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Antithrombin (AT) is the main physiological anticoagulant involved in hemostasis. Hereditary AT deficiency is a rare autosomal dominant thrombotic disease mainly caused by mutations in SERPINC1, which was usually manifested as venous thrombosis and pulmonary embolism. In this study, we analyzed the clinical characteristics and screened for mutant genes in two pedigrees with hereditary AT deficiency, and the functional effects of the pathogenic mutations were evaluated. METHODS Candidate gene variants were analyzed by next-generation sequencing to screen pathogenic mutations in probands, followed by segregation analysis in families by Sanger sequencing. Mutant and wild-type plasmids were constructed and transfected into HEK293T cells to observe protein expression and cellular localization of SERPINC1. The structure and function of the mutations were analyzed by bioinformatic analyses. RESULTS The proband of pedigree A with AT deficiency carried a heterozygous frameshift mutation c.1377delC (p.Asn460Thrfs*20) in SERPINC1 (NM000488.3), a 1377C base deletion in exon 7 resulting in a backward shift of the open reading frame, with termination after translation of 20 residues, and a different residue sequence translated after the frameshift. Bioinformatics analysis suggests that the missing amino acid sequence caused by the frameshift mutation might disrupt the disulfide bond between Cys279 and Cys462 and affect the structural function of the protein. This newly discovered variant is not currently included in the ClinVar and HGMD databases. p.Arg229* resulted in a premature stop codon in exon 4, and bioinformatics analysis suggests that the truncated protein structure lost its domain of interaction with factor IX (Ala414 site) after the deletion of nonsense mutations. However, considering the AT truncation protein resulting from the p.Arg229* variant loss a great proportion of the molecule, we speculate the variant may affect two functional domains HBS and RCL and lack of the corresponding function. The thrombophilia and decreased-AT-activity phenotypes of the two pedigrees were separated from their genetic variants. After lentiviral plasmid transfection into HEK293T cells, the expression level of AT protein decreased in the constructed c.1377delC mutant cells compared to that in the wild-type, which was not only reduced in c.685C > T mutant cells but also showed a significant band at 35 kDa, suggesting a truncated protein. Immunofluorescence localization showed no significant differences in protein localization before and after the mutation. CONCLUSIONS The p.Asn460Thrfs*20 and p.Arg229* variants of SERPINC1 were responsible for the two hereditary AT deficiency pedigrees, which led to AT deficiency by different mechanisms. The p.Asn460Thrfs*20 variant is reported for the first time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han-lu Wang
- grid.415108.90000 0004 1757 9178Fujian Provincial Hospital, Shengli Clinical Medical College of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350001 China
| | - Dan-dan Ruan
- grid.415108.90000 0004 1757 9178Fujian Provincial Hospital, Shengli Clinical Medical College of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350001 China
| | - Min Wu
- grid.415108.90000 0004 1757 9178Fujian Provincial Hospital, Shengli Clinical Medical College of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350001 China
| | - Yuan-yuan Ji
- grid.415108.90000 0004 1757 9178Fujian Provincial Hospital, Shengli Clinical Medical College of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350001 China
| | - Xing-xing Hu
- grid.415108.90000 0004 1757 9178Fujian Provincial Hospital, Shengli Clinical Medical College of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350001 China ,grid.415108.90000 0004 1757 9178Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Fujian Provincial Hospital, Fuzhou, 350001 China
| | - Qiu-yan Wu
- grid.415108.90000 0004 1757 9178Fujian Provincial Hospital, Shengli Clinical Medical College of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350001 China
| | - Yan-ping Zhang
- grid.415108.90000 0004 1757 9178Fujian Provincial Hospital, Shengli Clinical Medical College of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350001 China
| | - Bin Lin
- grid.415108.90000 0004 1757 9178Fujian Provincial Hospital, Shengli Clinical Medical College of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350001 China
| | - Ya-nan Hu
- grid.415108.90000 0004 1757 9178Fujian Provincial Hospital, Shengli Clinical Medical College of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350001 China
| | - Hang Wang
- grid.415108.90000 0004 1757 9178Fujian Provincial Hospital, Shengli Clinical Medical College of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350001 China ,grid.415108.90000 0004 1757 9178Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Fujian Provincial Hospital, Fuzhou, 350001 China
| | - Yi Tang
- grid.415108.90000 0004 1757 9178Fujian Provincial Hospital, Shengli Clinical Medical College of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350001 China ,grid.415108.90000 0004 1757 9178Department of Interventional Radiology, Fujian Provincial Hospital, Fuzhou, 350001 China
| | - Zhu-ting Fang
- grid.415108.90000 0004 1757 9178Fujian Provincial Hospital, Shengli Clinical Medical College of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350001 China ,grid.415108.90000 0004 1757 9178Department of Interventional Radiology, Fujian Provincial Hospital, Fuzhou, 350001 China
| | - Jie-wei Luo
- grid.415108.90000 0004 1757 9178Fujian Provincial Hospital, Shengli Clinical Medical College of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350001 China ,grid.415108.90000 0004 1757 9178Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fujian Provincial Hospital, Fuzhou, 350001 China
| | - Li-sheng Liao
- grid.415108.90000 0004 1757 9178Fujian Provincial Hospital, Shengli Clinical Medical College of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350001 China ,grid.415108.90000 0004 1757 9178Department of Hematology, Fujian Provincial Hospital, Fuzhou, 350001 China
| | - Mei-zhu Gao
- grid.415108.90000 0004 1757 9178Fujian Provincial Hospital, Shengli Clinical Medical College of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350001 China ,grid.415108.90000 0004 1757 9178Department of Nephrology, Fujian Provincial Hospital, Fuzhou, 350001 China
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20
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Langouët-Astrié C, Oshima K, McMurtry SA, Yang Y, Kwiecinski JM, LaRivière WB, Kavanaugh JS, Zakharevich I, Hansen KC, Shi D, Zhang F, Boguslawski KM, Perelman SS, Su G, Torres VJ, Liu J, Horswill AR, Schmidt EP. The influenza-injured lung microenvironment promotes MRSA virulence, contributing to severe secondary bacterial pneumonia. Cell Rep 2022; 41:111721. [PMID: 36450248 PMCID: PMC10082619 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2022.111721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2022] [Revised: 10/12/2022] [Accepted: 11/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Influenza infection is substantially worsened by the onset of secondary pneumonia caused by bacteria, such as methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA). The bidirectional interaction between the influenza-injured lung microenvironment and MRSA is poorly understood. By conditioning MRSA ex vivo in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid collected from mice at various time points of influenza infection, we found that the influenza-injured lung microenvironment dynamically induces MRSA to increase cytotoxin expression while decreasing metabolic pathways. LukAB, a SaeRS two-component system-dependent cytotoxin, is particularly important to the severity of post-influenza MRSA pneumonia. LukAB's activity is likely shaped by the post-influenza lung microenvironment, as LukAB binds to (and is activated by) heparan sulfate (HS) oligosaccharide sequences shed from the epithelial glycocalyx after influenza. Our findings indicate that post-influenza MRSA pneumonia is shaped by bidirectional host-pathogen interactions: host injury triggers changes in bacterial expression of toxins, the activity of which may be shaped by host-derived HS fragments.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Kaori Oshima
- Division of Pulmonary Sciences and Critical Care, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Sarah A McMurtry
- Division of Pulmonary Sciences and Critical Care, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Yimu Yang
- Division of Pulmonary Sciences and Critical Care, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Jakub M Kwiecinski
- Department of Immunology & Microbiology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO 80045, USA; Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Krakow 30387, Poland
| | - Wells B LaRivière
- Division of Pulmonary Sciences and Critical Care, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, CO 80045, USA; Medical Scientist Training Program, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Jeffrey S Kavanaugh
- Department of Immunology & Microbiology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Igor Zakharevich
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Colorado, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Kirk C Hansen
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Colorado, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Deling Shi
- Department of Chemistry, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY 12180, USA
| | - Fuming Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY 12180, USA
| | - Kristina M Boguslawski
- Department of Microbiology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Sofya S Perelman
- Department of Microbiology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Gouwei Su
- University of North Carolina Eshelman School of Pharmacy, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Victor J Torres
- Department of Microbiology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Jian Liu
- University of North Carolina Eshelman School of Pharmacy, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Alexander R Horswill
- Department of Immunology & Microbiology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Eric P Schmidt
- Division of Pulmonary Sciences and Critical Care, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, CO 80045, USA; Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
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21
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Ritter GS, Dolgova EV, Petrova DD, Efremov YR, Proskurina AS, Potter EA, Ruzanova VS, Kirikovich SS, Levites EV, Taranov OS, Ostanin AA, Chernykh ER, Kolchanov NA, Bogachev SS. The new general biological property of stem-like tumor cells Part I. Peculiarities of the process of the double-stranded DNA fragments internalization into stem-like tumor cells. Front Genet 2022; 13:954395. [PMID: 36159968 PMCID: PMC9492886 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2022.954395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2022] [Accepted: 08/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Stem-like tumor cells of ascites carcinoma Krebs-2 and Epstein-Barr virus–induced B-lymphoma were shown to possess the innate capability of binding and internalizing the TAMRA-labeled double-stranded DNA (dsDNA) probe. The process of binding and internalizing is rather complicated and composed of the following successive stages: 1) initiating electrostatic interaction and contact of a negatively charged dsDNA molecule with a positively charged molecule(s) on the surface of a stem-like tumor cell; 2) binding of the dsDNA probe to a tumor stem cell surface protein(s) via the formation of a strong chemical/molecular bond; and 3) the very internalization of dsDNA into the cell. Binding of DNA to cell surface proteins is determined by the presence of heparin/polyanion-binding sites within the protein structure, which can be competitively blocked by heparin and/or dextran sulfate, wherein heparin blocks only the binding, while dextran sulfate abrogates both binding and internalization. The abrogation of internalization by dextran sulfate implies the role of scavenger receptors in this process. Cells were shown to uptake DNA in amounts constituting ∼0.008% of the haploid genome. Inhibitors of caveolae-dependent internalization abrogate the DNA uptake in Krebs-2 cells, and inhibitors of the clathrin/caveolar mechanism block the internalization in B-lymphoma cells. In the present report, it is shown for the first time that in contrast to the majority of committed tumor cells, stem-like tumor cells of Krebs-2 and B-lymphoma carry a general positive charge on their surface.
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Affiliation(s)
- Genrikh S. Ritter
- Institute of Cytology and Genetics of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Evgeniya V. Dolgova
- Institute of Cytology and Genetics of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Daria D. Petrova
- Institute of Cytology and Genetics of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Yaroslav R. Efremov
- Institute of Cytology and Genetics of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, Russia
- Novosibirsk National Research State University, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Anastasia S. Proskurina
- Institute of Cytology and Genetics of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Ekaterina A. Potter
- Institute of Cytology and Genetics of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Vera S. Ruzanova
- Institute of Cytology and Genetics of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, Russia
- Novosibirsk National Research State University, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Svetlana S. Kirikovich
- Institute of Cytology and Genetics of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Evgeniy V. Levites
- Institute of Cytology and Genetics of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Oleg S. Taranov
- State Research Center of Virology and Biotechnology “Vector”, Koltsovo, Russia
| | - Alexandr A. Ostanin
- Research Institute of Fundamental and Clinical Immunology, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Elena R. Chernykh
- Research Institute of Fundamental and Clinical Immunology, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Nikolay A. Kolchanov
- Institute of Cytology and Genetics of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Sergey S. Bogachev
- Institute of Cytology and Genetics of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, Russia
- Correspondence: Sergey S. Bogachev,
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22
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Lauth LM, Voigt B, Bhatia T, Machner L, Balbach J, Ott M. Heparin promotes rapid fibrillation of the basic Parathyroid Hormone at physiological pH. FEBS Lett 2022; 596:2928-2939. [PMID: 35903816 DOI: 10.1002/1873-3468.14455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2022] [Revised: 06/14/2022] [Accepted: 07/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
In acidic secretory granules of mammalian cells, peptide hormones including the parathyroid hormone (PTH) are presumably stored in the form of functional amyloid fibrils. Mature PTH, however, is considerably positively charged in acidic environments, a condition known to impede unassisted self-aggregation into fibrils. Here, we studied the role of the polyanion heparin on promoting fibril formation of PTH. Employing ITC, CD spectroscopy, NMR, SAXS and fluorescence-based assays we could demonstrate that heparin binds PTH with submicromolar affinity and facilitates its conversion into fibrillar seeds, enabling rapid formation of amyloid fibrils under acidic conditions. In absence of heparin, PTH remained in a soluble monomeric state. We suspect that heparin-like surfaces are required in vivo to convert PTH efficiently into fibrillar deposits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luca M Lauth
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Martin-Luther-University, Halle-Wittenberg, Halle, Germany
| | - Bruno Voigt
- Department of Biophysics, Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle, Germany
| | - Twinkle Bhatia
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Martin-Luther-University, Halle-Wittenberg, Halle, Germany
| | - Lisa Machner
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle, Germany
| | - Jochen Balbach
- Department of Biophysics, Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle, Germany
| | - Maria Ott
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Martin-Luther-University, Halle-Wittenberg, Halle, Germany
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23
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Stage II of Chronic Kidney Disease—A Tipping Point in Disease Progression? Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10071522. [PMID: 35884827 PMCID: PMC9313233 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10071522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2022] [Revised: 06/20/2022] [Accepted: 06/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is the progressive loss of renal function. Although advances have been made in understanding the progression of CKD, key molecular events in complex pathophysiological mechanisms that mark each stage of renal failure remain largely unknown. Changes in plasma protein profiles in different disease stages are important for identification of early diagnostic markers and potential therapeutic targets. The goal of this study was to determine the molecular profile of each CKD stage (from 1 to 5), aiming to specifically point out markedly expressed or downregulated proteins. We performed a cross-sectional shotgun-proteomic study of pooled plasma across CKD stages and compared them to healthy controls. After sample pooling and heparin-column purification we analysed proteomes from healthy to CKD stage 1 through 5 participants’ plasma by liquid-chromatography/mass-spectrometry. We identified 453 proteins across all study groups. Our results indicate that key events, which may later affect the course of disease progression and the overall pathophysiological background, are most pronounced in CKD stage 2, with an emphasis on inflammation, lipoprotein metabolism, angiogenesis and tissue regeneration. We hypothesize that CKD stage 2 is the tipping point in disease progression and a suitable point in disease course for the development of therapeutic solutions.
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24
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Milusev A, Rieben R, Sorvillo N. The Endothelial Glycocalyx: A Possible Therapeutic Target in Cardiovascular Disorders. Front Cardiovasc Med 2022; 9:897087. [PMID: 35647072 PMCID: PMC9136230 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2022.897087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2022] [Accepted: 04/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The physiological, anti-inflammatory, and anti-coagulant properties of endothelial cells (ECs) rely on a complex carbohydrate-rich layer covering the luminal surface of ECs, called the glycocalyx. In a range of cardiovascular disorders, glycocalyx shedding causes endothelial dysfunction and inflammation, underscoring the importance of glycocalyx preservation to avoid disease initiation and progression. In this review we discuss the physiological functions of the glycocalyx with particular focus on how loss of endothelial glycocalyx integrity is linked to cardiovascular risk factors, like hypertension, aging, diabetes and obesity, and contributes to the development of thrombo-inflammatory conditions. Finally, we consider the role of glycocalyx components in regulating inflammatory responses and discuss possible therapeutic interventions aiming at preserving or restoring the endothelial glycocalyx and therefore protecting against cardiovascular disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anastasia Milusev
- Department for BioMedical Research (DBMR), University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
- Graduate School for Cellular and Biomedical Sciences (GCB), University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Robert Rieben
- Department for BioMedical Research (DBMR), University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Nicoletta Sorvillo
- Department for BioMedical Research (DBMR), University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
- *Correspondence: Nicoletta Sorvillo
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25
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The role of the cell surface glycocalyx in drug delivery to and through the endothelium. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2022; 184:114195. [PMID: 35292326 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2022.114195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2021] [Revised: 02/05/2022] [Accepted: 03/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Cell membranes are key interfaces where materials engineering meets biology. Traditionally regarded as just the location of receptors regulating the uptake of molecules, we now know that all mammalian cell membranes are 'sugar coated'. These sugars, or glycans, form a matrix bound at the cell membrane via proteins and lipids, referred to as the glycocalyx, which modulate access to cell membrane receptors crucial for interactions with drug delivery systems (DDS). Focusing on the key blood-tissue barrier faced by most DDS to enable transport from the place of administration to target sites via the circulation, we critically assess the design of carriers for interactions at the endothelial cell surface. We also discuss the current challenges for this area and provide opportunities for future research efforts to more fully engineer DDS for controlled, efficient, and targeted interactions with the endothelium for therapeutic application.
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26
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Tsuruda T, Yamashita A, Otsu M, Koide M, Nakamichi Y, Sekita-Hatakeyama Y, Hatakeyama K, Funamoto T, Chosa E, Asada Y, Udagawa N, Kato J, Kitamura K. Angiotensin II Induces Aortic Rupture and Dissection in Osteoprotegerin-Deficient Mice. J Am Heart Assoc 2022; 11:e025336. [PMID: 35411794 PMCID: PMC9238451 DOI: 10.1161/jaha.122.025336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
Background The biological mechanism of action for osteoprotegerin, a soluble decoy receptor for the receptor activator of nuclear factor‐kappa B ligand in the vascular structure, has not been elucidated. The study aim was to determine if osteoprotegerin affects aortic structural integrity in angiotensin II (Ang II)‐induced hypertension. Methods and Results Mortality was higher (P<0.0001 by log‐rank test) in 8‐week‐old male homozygotes of osteoprotegerin gene‐knockout mice given subcutaneous administration of Ang II for 28 days, with an incidence of 21% fatal aortic rupture and 23% aortic dissection, than in age‐matched wild‐type mice. Ang II‐infused aorta of wild‐type mice showed that osteoprotegerin immunoreactivity was present with proteoglycan. The absence of osteoprotegerin was associated with decreased medial and adventitial thickness and increased numbers of elastin breaks as well as with increased periostin expression and soluble receptor activator of nuclear factor‐kappa B ligand concentrations. PEGylated human recombinant osteoprotegerin administration decreased all‐cause mortality (P<0.001 by log‐rank test), the incidence of fatal aortic rupture (P=0.08), and aortic dissection (P<0.001) with decreasing numbers of elastin breaks, periostin expressions, and soluble receptor activator of nuclear factor‐kappa B ligand concentrations in Ang II‐infused osteoprotegerin gene‐knockout mice. Conclusions These data suggest that osteoprotegerin protects against aortic rupture and dissection in Ang II‐induced hypertension by inhibiting receptor activator of nuclear factor‐kappa B ligand activity and periostin expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toshihiro Tsuruda
- Division of Internal Medicine, Cardiovascular Medicine and Nephrology Faculty of Medicine University of Miyazaki Japan
| | - Atsushi Yamashita
- Department of Pathology Faculty of Medicine University of Miyazaki Japan
| | - Misa Otsu
- Division of Internal Medicine, Cardiovascular Medicine and Nephrology Faculty of Medicine University of Miyazaki Japan
| | - Masanori Koide
- Institute for Oral Science Matsumoto Dental University Nagano Japan
| | - Yuko Nakamichi
- Institute for Oral Science Matsumoto Dental University Nagano Japan
| | | | - Kinta Hatakeyama
- Department of Pathology National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center Osaka Japan
| | - Taro Funamoto
- Division of Orthopedic Surgery Department of Medicine of Sensory and Motor Organs Faculty of Medicine University of Miyazaki Japan
| | - Etsuo Chosa
- Division of Orthopedic Surgery Department of Medicine of Sensory and Motor Organs Faculty of Medicine University of Miyazaki Japan
| | - Yujiro Asada
- Department of Pathology Faculty of Medicine University of Miyazaki Japan
| | - Nobuyuki Udagawa
- Department of Biochemistry Matsumoto Dental University Nagano Japan
| | - Johji Kato
- Frontier Science Research Center University of Miyazaki Japan
| | - Kazuo Kitamura
- Frontier Science Research Center University of Miyazaki Japan
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Nguyen M, Panitch A. Proteoglycans and proteoglycan mimetics for tissue engineering. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2022; 322:C754-C761. [PMID: 35235426 PMCID: PMC8993519 DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00442.2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Proteoglycans play a crucial role in proper tissue morphology and function throughout the body that is defined by a combination of their core protein and the attached glycosaminoglycan chains. Although they serve a myriad of roles, the functions of extracellular proteoglycans can be generally sorted into four categories: modulation of tissue mechanical properties, regulation and protection of the extracellular matrix, sequestering of proteins, and regulation of cell signaling. The loss of proteoglycans can result in significant tissue disfunction, ranging from poor mechanical properties to uncontrolled inflammation. Because of the key roles they play in proper tissue function and due to their complex synthesis, the past two decades have seen significant research into the development of proteoglycan mimetic molecules to recapitulate the function of proteoglycans for therapeutic and tissue engineering applications. These strategies have ranged from semisynthetic graft copolymers to recombinant proteoglycan domains synthesized by genetically engineered cells. In this review, we highlight some of the important functions of extracellular proteoglycans, as well as the strategies developed to recapitulate these functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Nguyen
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California, Davis, CA, United States
| | - Alyssa Panitch
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California, Davis, CA, United States.,Department of Surgery, UC Davis Health, University of California, Sacramento, CA, United States
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Anti-Coagulant and Antimicrobial Recombinant Heparin-Binding Major Ampullate Spidroin 2 (MaSp2) Silk Protein. Bioengineering (Basel) 2022; 9:bioengineering9020046. [PMID: 35200400 PMCID: PMC8869596 DOI: 10.3390/bioengineering9020046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2021] [Revised: 01/11/2022] [Accepted: 01/14/2022] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Governed by established structure–property relationships, peptide motifs comprising major ampullate spider silk confer a balance of strength and extensibility. Other biologically inspired small peptide motifs correlated to specific functionalities can be combined within these units to create designer silk materials with new hybrid properties. In this study, a small basic peptide, (ARKKAAKA) known to both bind heparin and mimic an antimicrobial peptide, was genetically linked to a protease-resistant, mechanically robust silk-like peptide, MaSp2. Purified fusion proteins (four silk domains and four heparin-binding peptide repeats) were expressed in E. coli. Successful fusion of a MaSp2 spider silk peptide with the heparin-binding motif was shown using a variety of analytical assays. The ability of the fusion peptide to bind heparin was assessed with ELISA and was further tested for its anticoagulant property using aPTT assay. Its intrinsic property to inhibit bacterial growth was evaluated using zone of inhibition and crystal violet (CV) assays. Using this strategy, we were able to link the two types of genetic motifs to create a designer silk-like protein with improved hemocompatibility and antimicrobial properties.
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Affinity and Specificity for Binding to Glycosaminoglycans Can Be Tuned by Adapting Peptide Length and Sequence. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 23:ijms23010447. [PMID: 35008874 PMCID: PMC8745253 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23010447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2021] [Revised: 12/23/2021] [Accepted: 12/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Although glycosaminoglycan (GAG)–protein interactions are important in many physiological and pathological processes, the structural requirements for binding are poorly defined. Starting with GAG-binding peptide CXCL9(74-103), peptides were designed to elucidate the contribution to the GAG-binding affinity of different: (1) GAG-binding motifs (i.e., BBXB and BBBXXB); (2) amino acids in GAG-binding motifs and linker sequences; and (3) numbers of GAG-binding motifs. The affinity of eight chemically synthesized peptides for various GAGs was determined by isothermal fluorescence titration (IFT). Moreover, the binding of peptides to cellular GAGs on Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells was assessed using flow cytometry with and without soluble GAGs. The repetition of GAG-binding motifs in the peptides contributed to a higher affinity for heparan sulfate (HS) in the IFT measurements. Furthermore, the presence of Gln residues in both GAG-binding motifs and linker sequences increased the affinity of trimer peptides for low-molecular-weight heparin (LMWH), partially desulfated (ds)LMWH and HS, but not for hyaluronic acid. In addition, the peptides bound to cellular GAGs with differential affinity, and the addition of soluble HS or heparin reduced the binding of CXCL9(74-103) to cellular GAGs. These results indicate that the affinity and specificity of peptides for GAGs can be tuned by adapting their amino acid sequence and their number of GAG-binding motifs.
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Endothelial glycocalyx degradation during sepsis: Causes and consequences. Matrix Biol Plus 2021; 12:100094. [PMID: 34917925 PMCID: PMC8668992 DOI: 10.1016/j.mbplus.2021.100094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2021] [Revised: 11/21/2021] [Accepted: 11/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The endothelial glycocalyx is a ubiquitous intravascular structure essential for vascular homeostasis. During sepsis, the glycocalyx is degraded via the collective action of a variety of redundant sheddases, the regulation of which remains the focus of active investigation. Septic loss of the glycocalyx imparts both local vascular injury (leading to acute respiratory distress syndrome and acute kidney injury) as well as the systemic consequences of circulating glycosaminoglycan fragments (leading to cognitive dysfunction). Glycocalyx degradation during sepsis is potentially shaped by clinically-modifiable factors, suggesting opportunities for therapeutic intervention to mitigate the end-organ consequences of sepsis.
The glycocalyx is a ubiquitous structure found on endothelial cells that extends into the vascular lumen. It is enriched in proteoglycans, which are proteins attached to the glycosaminoglycans heparan sulfate, chondroitin sulfate, dermatan sulfate, keratan sulfate, and hyaluronic acid. In health and disease, the endothelial glycocalyx is a central regulator of vascular permeability, inflammation, coagulation, and circulatory tonicity. During sepsis, a life-threatening syndrome seen commonly in hospitalized patients, the endothelial glycocalyx is degraded, significantly contributing to its many clinical manifestations. In this review we discuss the intrinsically linked mechanisms responsible for septic endothelial glycocalyx destruction: glycosaminoglycan degradation and proteoglycan cleavage. We then examine the consequences of local endothelial glycocalyx loss to several organ systems and the systemic consequences of shed glycocalyx constituents. Last, we explore clinically relevant non-modifiable and modifiable factors that exacerbate or protect against endothelial glycocalyx shedding during sepsis.
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Key Words
- ADAM, A Disintegrin and Metalloproteinase
- ANP, Atrial Natriuretic Peptide
- ARDS, Acute respiratory distress syndrome
- Ang2, Angiopoietin-2
- DAMP, Damage-associated Molecular Pattern
- Endothelial glycocalyx
- FFP, Fresh Frozen Plasma
- GAG, Glycosaminoglycan
- Glycosaminoglycans
- HPSE-1/2, Heparanase-1/2
- LPS, Lipopolysaccharide
- MMP, Matrix Metalloproteinase
- PG, Proteoglycan
- Proteoglycans
- Sepsis
- TIMP, Tissue inhibitors of matrix metalloproteinase
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Zheng Y, Zhao J, Li J, Guo Z, Sheng J, Ye X, Jin G, Wang C, Chai W, Yan J, Liu D, Liang X. SARS-CoV-2 spike protein causes blood coagulation and thrombosis by competitive binding to heparan sulfate. Int J Biol Macromol 2021; 193:1124-1129. [PMID: 34743814 PMCID: PMC8553634 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2021.10.112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2021] [Revised: 10/13/2021] [Accepted: 10/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Thrombotic complication has been an important symptom in critically ill patients with COVID-19. It has not been clear whether the virus spike (S) protein can directly induce blood coagulation in addition to inflammation. Heparan sulfate (HS)/heparin, a key factor in coagulation process, was found to bind SARS-CoV-2 S protein with high affinity. Herein, we found that the S protein can competitively inhibit the bindings of antithrombin and heparin cofactor II to heparin/HS, causing abnormal increase in thrombin activity. SARS-CoV-2 S protein at a similar concentration (~10 μg/mL) as the viral load in critically ill patients can cause directly blood coagulation and thrombosis in zebrafish model. Furthermore, exogenous heparin/HS can significantly reduce coagulation caused by S protein, pointing to a potential new direction to elucidate the etiology of the virus and provide fundamental support for anticoagulant therapy especially for the COVID-19 critically ill patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Zheng
- CAS Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, China
| | - Jinxiang Zhao
- Nantong Laboratory of Development and Diseases, School of Life Science, Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration of Jiangsu, Ministry of Education, Nantong University, Nantong 226019, China
| | - Jiaqi Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, China
| | - Zhimou Guo
- CAS Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, China
| | - Jiajing Sheng
- Nantong Laboratory of Development and Diseases, School of Life Science, Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration of Jiangsu, Ministry of Education, Nantong University, Nantong 226019, China
| | - Xianlong Ye
- CAS Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, China
| | - Gaowa Jin
- CAS Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, China
| | - Chaoran Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, China
| | - Wengang Chai
- Glycosciences Laboratory, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Campus, London W12 0NN, United Kingdom
| | - Jingyu Yan
- CAS Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, China.
| | - Dong Liu
- Nantong Laboratory of Development and Diseases, School of Life Science, Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration of Jiangsu, Ministry of Education, Nantong University, Nantong 226019, China.
| | - Xinmiao Liang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, China.
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Nguyen M, Liu JC, Panitch A. Physical and Bioactive Properties of Glycosaminoglycan Hydrogels Modulated by Polymer Design Parameters and Polymer Ratio. Biomacromolecules 2021; 22:4316-4326. [PMID: 34520173 PMCID: PMC10753269 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.1c00866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Glycosaminoglycans (GAGs), such as hyaluronic acid (HA) and chondroitin sulfate (CS), have seen widespread adoption as components of tissue engineering scaffolds because of their potent bioactive properties and ease of chemical modification. However, modification of the biopolymers will impair biological recognition of the GAG and reduce the bioactive properties of the material. In this work, we studied how the degree of thiolation of HA and CS, along with other key hydrogel design parameters, affected the physical and bioactive properties of the bulk hydrogel. Although properties, such as the HA molecular weight, did not have a major effect, increasing the degree of thiolation of both HA and CS decreased their biorecognition in experimental analogues for cell/matrix remodeling and binding. Furthermore, combining HA and CS into dual polymer network hydrogels also modulated the physical and bioactive properties, as seen with differences in gel stiffness, degradation rate, and encapsulated cell viability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Nguyen
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California, Davis, CA, 95616
| | - Julie C. Liu
- Davidson School of Chemical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907
- Weldon School of Biomedical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907
| | - Alyssa Panitch
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California, Davis, CA, 95616
- Department of Surgery, UC Davis Health, University of California, Sacramento, CA, 95817
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33
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Pérez Y, Bonet R, Corredor M, Domingo C, Moure A, Messeguer À, Bujons J, Alfonso I. Semaphorin 3A-Glycosaminoglycans Interaction as Therapeutic Target for Axonal Regeneration. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2021; 14:ph14090906. [PMID: 34577606 PMCID: PMC8465649 DOI: 10.3390/ph14090906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2021] [Revised: 08/30/2021] [Accepted: 09/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Semaphorin 3A (Sema3A) is a cell-secreted protein that participates in the axonal guidance pathways. Sema3A acts as a canonical repulsive axon guidance molecule, inhibiting CNS regenerative axonal growth and propagation. Therefore, interfering with Sema3A signaling is proposed as a therapeutic target for achieving functional recovery after CNS injuries. It has been shown that Sema3A adheres to the proteoglycan component of the extracellular matrix (ECM) and selectively binds to heparin and chondroitin sulfate-E (CS-E) glycosaminoglycans (GAGs). We hypothesize that the biologically relevant interaction between Sema3A and GAGs takes place at Sema3A C-terminal polybasic region (SCT). The aims of this study were to characterize the interaction of the whole Sema3A C-terminal polybasic region (Sema3A 725–771) with GAGs and to investigate the disruption of this interaction by small molecules. Recombinant Sema3A basic domain was produced and we used a combination of biophysical techniques (NMR, SPR, and heparin affinity chromatography) to gain insight into the interaction of the Sema3A C-terminal domain with GAGs. The results demonstrate that SCT is an intrinsically disordered region, which confirms that SCT binds to GAGs and helps to identify the specific residues involved in the interaction. NMR studies, supported by molecular dynamics simulations, show that a new peptoid molecule (CSIC02) may disrupt the interaction between SCT and heparin. Our structural study paves the way toward the design of new molecules targeting these protein–GAG interactions with potential therapeutic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yolanda Pérez
- NMR Facility, Institute for Advanced Chemistry of Catalonia (IQAC-CSIC), Jordi Girona 18-26, 08034 Barcelona, Spain
- Correspondence: (Y.P.); (I.A.)
| | - Roman Bonet
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Institute for Advanced Chemistry of Catalonia (IQAC-CSIC), Jordi Girona 18-26, 08034 Barcelona, Spain; (R.B.); (M.C.); (C.D.); (A.M.); (À.M.); (J.B.)
| | - Miriam Corredor
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Institute for Advanced Chemistry of Catalonia (IQAC-CSIC), Jordi Girona 18-26, 08034 Barcelona, Spain; (R.B.); (M.C.); (C.D.); (A.M.); (À.M.); (J.B.)
| | - Cecilia Domingo
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Institute for Advanced Chemistry of Catalonia (IQAC-CSIC), Jordi Girona 18-26, 08034 Barcelona, Spain; (R.B.); (M.C.); (C.D.); (A.M.); (À.M.); (J.B.)
| | - Alejandra Moure
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Institute for Advanced Chemistry of Catalonia (IQAC-CSIC), Jordi Girona 18-26, 08034 Barcelona, Spain; (R.B.); (M.C.); (C.D.); (A.M.); (À.M.); (J.B.)
| | - Àngel Messeguer
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Institute for Advanced Chemistry of Catalonia (IQAC-CSIC), Jordi Girona 18-26, 08034 Barcelona, Spain; (R.B.); (M.C.); (C.D.); (A.M.); (À.M.); (J.B.)
| | - Jordi Bujons
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Institute for Advanced Chemistry of Catalonia (IQAC-CSIC), Jordi Girona 18-26, 08034 Barcelona, Spain; (R.B.); (M.C.); (C.D.); (A.M.); (À.M.); (J.B.)
| | - Ignacio Alfonso
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Institute for Advanced Chemistry of Catalonia (IQAC-CSIC), Jordi Girona 18-26, 08034 Barcelona, Spain; (R.B.); (M.C.); (C.D.); (A.M.); (À.M.); (J.B.)
- Correspondence: (Y.P.); (I.A.)
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34
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Somsoros W, Sangawa T, Takebe K, Attarataya J, Wongprasert K, Senapin S, Rattanarojpong T, Suzuki M, Khunrae P. Crystal structure of the C-terminal domain of envelope protein VP37 from white spot syndrome virus reveals sulphate binding sites responsible for heparin binding. J Gen Virol 2021; 102. [PMID: 34106826 DOI: 10.1099/jgv.0.001611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
White spot syndrome virus (WSSV) is the most virulent pathogen causing high mortality and economic loss in shrimp aquaculture and various crustaceans. Therefore, the understanding of molecular mechanisms of WSSV infection is important to develop effective therapeutics to control the spread of this viral disease. In a previous study, we found that VP37 could bind with shrimp haemocytes through the interaction between its C-terminal domain and heparin-like molecules on the shrimp cells, and this interaction can also be inhibited by sulphated galactan. In this study, we present the crystal structure of C-terminal domain of VP37 from WSSV at a resolution of 2.51 Å. The crystal structure contains an eight-stranded β-barrel fold with an antiparallel arrangement and reveals a trimeric assembly. Moreover, there are two sulphate binding sites found in the position corresponding to R213 and K257. In order to determine whether these sulphate binding sites are involved in binding of VP37 to heparin, mutagenesis was performed to replace these residues with alanine (R213A and K257A), and the Surface Plasmon Resonance (SPR) system was used to study the interaction of each mutated VP37 with heparin. The results showed that mutants R213A and K257A exhibited a significant loss in heparin binding activity. These findings indicated that the sites of R213 and K257 on the C-terminal domain of envelope protein VP37 are essential for binding to sulphate molecules of heparin. This study provides further insight into the structure of C-terminal domain of VP37 and it is anticipated that the structure of VP37 might be used as a guideline for development of antivirus agent targeting on the VP37 protein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wasusit Somsoros
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science, King Mongkut's University of Technology Thonburi, Bangkok 10140, Thailand
| | - Takeshi Sangawa
- Institute for Protein Research, Osaka University; 3-2 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Katsuki Takebe
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery II, Osaka University Graduate School of Dentistry, 1-8 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Jakrada Attarataya
- Synchrotron Light Research Institute (Public Organization), Nakhon Ratchasima 30000, Thailand
| | - Kanokpan Wongprasert
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Rama VI Road, Ratchathewi, Bangkok 10400, Thailand
| | - Saengchan Senapin
- Center of Excellence for Shrimp Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, 272 Rama VI Road, Bangkok, 10400, Thailand.,National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, National Science and Technology Development Agency, Pathum Thani 12120, Thailand
| | - Triwit Rattanarojpong
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science, King Mongkut's University of Technology Thonburi, Bangkok 10140, Thailand
| | - Mamoru Suzuki
- Institute for Protein Research, Osaka University; 3-2 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Pongsak Khunrae
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science, King Mongkut's University of Technology Thonburi, Bangkok 10140, Thailand
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Partridge LJ, Urwin L, Nicklin MJH, James DC, Green LR, Monk PN. ACE2-Independent Interaction of SARS-CoV-2 Spike Protein with Human Epithelial Cells Is Inhibited by Unfractionated Heparin. Cells 2021; 10:cells10061419. [PMID: 34200372 DOI: 10.1101/2020.05.21.107870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2021] [Revised: 05/26/2021] [Accepted: 06/04/2021] [Indexed: 05/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Coronaviruses such as SARS-CoV-2, which is responsible for COVID-19, depend on virus spike protein binding to host cell receptors to cause infection. The SARS-CoV-2 spike protein binds primarily to ACE2 on target cells and is then processed by membrane proteases, including TMPRSS2, leading to viral internalisation or fusion with the plasma membrane. It has been suggested, however, that receptors other than ACE2 may be involved in virus binding. We have investigated the interactions of recombinant versions of the spike protein with human epithelial cell lines that express low/very low levels of ACE2 and TMPRSS2 in a proxy assay for interaction with host cells. A tagged form of the spike protein containing the S1 and S2 regions bound in a temperature-dependent manner to all cell lines, whereas the S1 region alone and the receptor-binding domain (RBD) interacted only weakly. Spike protein associated with cells independently of ACE2 and TMPRSS2, while RBD required the presence of high levels of ACE2 for interaction. As the spike protein has previously been shown to bind heparin, a soluble glycosaminoglycan, we tested the effects of various heparins on ACE2-independent spike protein interaction with cells. Unfractionated heparin inhibited spike protein interaction with an IC50 value of <0.05 U/mL, whereas two low-molecular-weight heparins were less effective. A mutant form of the spike protein, lacking the arginine-rich putative furin cleavage site, interacted only weakly with cells and had a lower affinity for unfractionated and low-molecular-weight heparin than the wild-type spike protein. This suggests that the furin cleavage site might also be a heparin-binding site and potentially important for interactions with host cells. The glycosaminoglycans heparan sulphate and dermatan sulphate, but not chondroitin sulphate, also inhibited the binding of spike protein, indicating that it might bind to one or both of these glycosaminoglycans on the surface of target cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lynda J Partridge
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, The University of Sheffield, Sheffield S10 2TN, UK
| | - Lucy Urwin
- Department of Infection, Immunity and Cardiovascular Disease, The University of Sheffield, Sheffield S10 2RX, UK
| | - Martin J H Nicklin
- Department of Infection, Immunity and Cardiovascular Disease, The University of Sheffield, Sheffield S10 2RX, UK
| | - David C James
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, The University of Sheffield, Sheffield S1 4NL, UK
| | - Luke R Green
- Department of Infection, Immunity and Cardiovascular Disease, The University of Sheffield, Sheffield S10 2RX, UK
| | - Peter N Monk
- Department of Infection, Immunity and Cardiovascular Disease, The University of Sheffield, Sheffield S10 2RX, UK
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Antithrombin and Its Role in Host Defense and Inflammation. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22084283. [PMID: 33924175 PMCID: PMC8074369 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22084283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2021] [Revised: 04/13/2021] [Accepted: 04/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Antithrombin (AT) is a natural anticoagulant that interacts with activated proteases of the coagulation system and with heparan sulfate proteoglycans (HSPG) on the surface of cells. The protein, which is synthesized in the liver, is also essential to confer the effects of therapeutic heparin. However, AT levels drop in systemic inflammatory diseases. The reason for this decline is consumption by the coagulation system but also by immunological processes. Aside from the primarily known anticoagulant effects, AT elicits distinct anti-inflammatory signaling responses. It binds to structures of the glycocalyx (syndecan-4) and further modulates the inflammatory response of endothelial cells and leukocytes by interacting with surface receptors. Additionally, AT exerts direct antimicrobial effects: depending on AT glycosylation it can bind to and perforate bacterial cell walls. Peptide fragments derived from proteolytic degradation of AT exert antibacterial properties. Despite these promising characteristics, therapeutic supplementation in inflammatory conditions has not proven to be effective in randomized control trials. Nevertheless, new insights provided by subgroup analyses and retrospective trials suggest that a recommendation be made to identify the patient population that would benefit most from AT substitution. Recent experiment findings place the role of various AT isoforms in the spotlight. This review provides an overview of new insights into a supposedly well-known molecule.
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Oshima K, King SI, McMurtry SA, Schmidt EP. Endothelial Heparan Sulfate Proteoglycans in Sepsis: The Role of the Glycocalyx. Semin Thromb Hemost 2021; 47:274-282. [PMID: 33794552 DOI: 10.1055/s-0041-1725064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
There is increasing recognition of the importance of the endothelial glycocalyx and its in vivo manifestation, the endothelial surface layer, in vascular homeostasis. Heparan sulfate proteoglycans (HSPGs) are a major structural constituent of the endothelial glycocalyx and serve to regulate vascular permeability, microcirculatory tone, leukocyte and platelet adhesion, and hemostasis. During sepsis, endothelial HSPGs are shed through the induction of "sheddases" such as heparanase and matrix metalloproteinases, leading to loss of glycocalyx integrity and consequent vascular dysfunction. Less well recognized is that glycocalyx degradation releases HSPG fragments into the circulation, which can shape the systemic consequences of sepsis. In this review, we will discuss (1) the normal, homeostatic functions of HSPGs within the endothelial glycocalyx, (2) the pathological changes in HSPGs during sepsis and their consequences on the local vascular bed, and (3) the systemic consequences of HSPG degradation. In doing so, we will identify potential therapeutic targets to improve vascular function during sepsis as well as highlight key areas of uncertainty that require further mechanistic investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaori Oshima
- Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Samantha I King
- Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Sarah A McMurtry
- Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Eric P Schmidt
- Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado.,Department of Medicine, Denver Health Medical Center, Denver, Colorado
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Morandi V, Petrik J, Lawler J. Endothelial Cell Behavior Is Determined by Receptor Clustering Induced by Thrombospondin-1. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:664696. [PMID: 33869231 PMCID: PMC8044760 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.664696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2021] [Accepted: 03/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The thrombospondins (TSPs) are a family of multimeric extracellular matrix proteins that dynamically regulate cellular behavior and response to stimuli. In so doing, the TSPs directly and indirectly affect biological processes such as embryonic development, wound healing, immune response, angiogenesis, and cancer progression. Many of the direct effects of Thrombospondin 1 (TSP-1) result from the engagement of a wide range of cell surface receptors including syndecans, low density lipoprotein receptor-related protein 1 (LRP1), CD36, integrins, and CD47. Different or even opposing outcomes of TSP-1 actions in certain pathologic contexts may occur, depending on the structural/functional domain involved. To expedite response to external stimuli, these receptors, along with vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2 (VEGFR2) and Src family kinases, are present in specific membrane microdomains, such as lipid rafts or tetraspanin-enriched microdomains. The molecular organization of these membrane microdomains and their constituents is modulated by TSP-1. In this review, we will describe how the presence of TSP-1 at the plasma membrane affects endothelial cell signal transduction and angiogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jim Petrik
- University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada
| | - Jack Lawler
- Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
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Shi D, Sheng A, Chi L. Glycosaminoglycan-Protein Interactions and Their Roles in Human Disease. Front Mol Biosci 2021; 8:639666. [PMID: 33768117 PMCID: PMC7985165 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2021.639666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2020] [Accepted: 01/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) are a family of linear and negatively charged polysaccharides that exist ubiquitously on the human cell surface as well as in the extracellular matrix. GAGs interact with a wide range of proteins, including proteases, growth factors, cytokines, chemokines and adhesion molecules, enabling them to mediate many physiological processes, such as protein function, cellular adhesion and signaling. GAG-protein interactions participate in and intervene in a variety of human diseases, including cardiovascular disease, infectious disease, neurodegenerative diseases and tumors. The breakthrough in analytical tools and approaches during the last two decades has facilitated a greater understanding of the importance of GAG-protein interactions and their roles in human diseases. This review focuses on aspects of the molecular basis and mechanisms of GAG-protein interactions involved in human disease. The most recent advances in analytical tools, especially mass spectrometry-based GAG sequencing and binding motif characterization methods, are introduced. An update of selected families of GAG binding proteins is presented. Perspectives on development of novel therapeutics targeting specific GAG-protein interactions are also covered in this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deling Shi
- National Glycoengineering Research Center, Shandong University, Qingdao, China
| | - Anran Sheng
- National Glycoengineering Research Center, Shandong University, Qingdao, China
| | - Lianli Chi
- National Glycoengineering Research Center, Shandong University, Qingdao, China
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Ogle ME, Doron G, Levy MJ, Temenoff JS. Hydrogel Culture Surface Stiffness Modulates Mesenchymal Stromal Cell Secretome and Alters Senescence. Tissue Eng Part A 2020; 26:1259-1271. [DOI: 10.1089/ten.tea.2020.0030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Molly E. Ogle
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
- Parker H. Petit Institute for Bioengineering and Bioscience, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Gilad Doron
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
- Parker H. Petit Institute for Bioengineering and Bioscience, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Matthew J. Levy
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Johnna S. Temenoff
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
- Parker H. Petit Institute for Bioengineering and Bioscience, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
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Friguglietti J, Das S, Le P, Fraga D, Quintela M, Gazze SA, McPhail D, Gu J, Sabek O, Gaber AO, Francis LW, Zagozdzon-Wosik W, Merchant FA. Novel Silicon Titanium Diboride Micropatterned Substrates for Cellular Patterning. Biomaterials 2020; 244:119927. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2020.119927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2019] [Revised: 02/17/2020] [Accepted: 02/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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Zhu T, Zhou M, Gao W, Fang D, Liu Z, Wu G, Wan M, Mao C, Shen J. Coronary Stents Decorated by Heparin/NONOate Nanoparticles for Anticoagulant and Endothelialized Effects. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2020; 36:2901-2910. [PMID: 32114762 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.0c00112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
In the treatment of coronary artery disease (CAD), the use of stent implantation often leads to clinical complications such as restenosis, delayed endothelial healing, and thrombosis. Here, we develop a double drug sustained-release coating for the stent surface by grafting heparin/NONOate nanoparticles (Hep/NONOates). The Hep/NONOates and surface modification of the stent were characterized by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, attenuated total reflection Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, static water contact angle, and scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and the release behaviors of the anticoagulant, heparin (Hep) and the bioactive molecule, nitric oxide (NO) were studied. Furthermore, the blood compatibility and cytotoxicity of the modified stent were evaluated by whole blood adhesion and platelet adhesion tests, hemolysis assay, morphological changes of red blood cells, plasma recalcification time assay, in vitro coagulation time tests, and MTT assay. Finally, the results of a rabbit carotid artery stent implantation experiment showed that the double drug sustained-release coating for the stent can accelerate regeneration of endothelial cells and keep good anticoagulant activity. This study can provide new design ideas based on nanotechnology for improving the safety and effectiveness of drug-eluting stents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianyu Zhu
- National and Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Biomedical Functional Materials, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Min Zhou
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing 210008, China
| | - Wentao Gao
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing 210008, China
| | - Dan Fang
- National and Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Biomedical Functional Materials, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Zhiyong Liu
- National and Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Biomedical Functional Materials, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Guangyan Wu
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing 210008, China
| | - Mimi Wan
- National and Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Biomedical Functional Materials, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Chun Mao
- National and Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Biomedical Functional Materials, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Jian Shen
- National and Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Biomedical Functional Materials, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China
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Li J, Cai Z, Cheng J, Wang C, Fang Z, Xiao Y, Feng ZG, Gu Y. Characterization of a heparinized decellularized scaffold and its effects on mechanical and structural properties. JOURNAL OF BIOMATERIALS SCIENCE-POLYMER EDITION 2020; 31:999-1023. [PMID: 32138617 DOI: 10.1080/09205063.2020.1736741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Decellularization is a promising approach in tissue engineering to generate small-diameter blood vessels. However, some challenges still exist. We performed two decellularization phases to develop an optimal decellularized scaffold and analyze the relationship between the extracellular matrix (ECM) composition and mechanical properties. In decellularization phase I, we tested sodium dodecylsulfate (SDS), Triton X-100 (TX100) and trypsin at different concentrations and exposure times. In decellularization phase II, we systematically compared five combined decellularization protocols based on the results of phase I to identify the optimal method. These protocols tested cell removal, ECM preservation, mechanical properties, and residual cytotoxicity. We further immobilized heparin to optimal decellularized scaffolds and determined its anticoagulant activity and mechanical properties. The combined decellularization protocol comprising treatment with 0.5% SDS followed by 1% TX100 could completely remove the cellular contents and preserve the mechanical properties and ECM architecture better. In addition, the heparinized decellularized scaffolds not only had sustained anticoagulant activity, but also similar mechanical properties to native vessels. In conclusion, heparinized decellularized scaffolds represent a promising direction for small-diameter vascular grafts, although further in vivo studies are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji Li
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Zhiwen Cai
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Jin Cheng
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Cong Wang
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Zhiping Fang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, China
| | - Yonghao Xiao
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, China
| | - Zeng-Guo Feng
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, China
| | - Yongquan Gu
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
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Two small, cysteine-rich and cationic antifungal proteins from Penicillium chrysogenum: A comparative study of PAF and PAFB. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOMEMBRANES 2020; 1862:183246. [PMID: 32142818 PMCID: PMC7138148 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamem.2020.183246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2019] [Revised: 02/06/2020] [Accepted: 02/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The filamentous fungus Penicillium chrysogenum Q176 secretes the antimicrobial proteins (AMPs) PAF and PAFB, which share a compact disulfide-bond mediated, β-fold structure rendering them highly stable. These two AMPs effectively inhibit the growth of human pathogenic fungi in micromolar concentrations and exhibit antiviral potential without causing cytotoxic effects on mammalian cells in vitro and in vivo. The antifungal mechanism of action of both AMPs is closely linked to - but not solely dependent on - the lipid composition of the fungal cell membrane and requires a strictly regulated protein uptake into the cell, indicating that PAF and PAFB are not canonical membrane active proteins. Variations in their antifungal spectrum and their killing dynamics point towards a divergent mode of action related to their physicochemical properties and surface charge distribution. In this review, we relate characteristic features of PAF and PAFB to the current knowledge about other AMPs of different sources. In addition, we present original data that have never been published before to substantiate our assumptions and provide evidences that help to explain and understand better the mechanistic function of PAF and PAFB. Finally, we underline the promising potential of PAF and PAFB as future antifungal therapeutics. Penicillium chrysogenum secretes the small, cysteine-rich proteins PAF and PAFB. Both exhibit antifungal activity, but with differences in their mode of action. Structure, membrane interaction and cellular uptake determine their function. PAF and PAFB are well tolerated by mammalian cells. They promise applicability in medicine, plant protection and food industry.
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Missing regions within the molecular architecture of human fibrin clots structurally resolved by XL-MS and integrative structural modeling. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2020; 117:1976-1987. [PMID: 31924745 PMCID: PMC6995014 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1911785117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Fibrinogen hexamers are major components of blood clots. After release of fibrinopeptides resulting in fibrin monomers, clot formation occurs through fibrin oligomerization followed by lateral aggregation, packing into fibrin fibers, and consequent branching. Shedding light on fibrin clots by in situ cross-linking mass spectrometry and structural modeling extends our current knowledge of the structure of fibrin with regard to receptor-binding hotspots. Further restraint-driven molecular docking reveals how fibrin oligomers laterally aggregate into clots and uncovers the molecular architecture of the clot to albumin interaction. We hypothesize this interaction is involved in the prevention of clot degradation. Mapping known mutations validates the generated structural model and, for a subset, brings their molecular mechanisms into view. Upon activation, fibrinogen forms large fibrin biopolymers that coalesce into clots which assist in wound healing. Limited insights into their molecular architecture, due to the sheer size and the insoluble character of fibrin clots, have restricted our ability to develop novel treatments for clotting diseases. The, so far resolved, disparate structural details have provided insights into linear elongation; however, molecular details like the C-terminal domain of the α-chain, the heparin-binding domain on the β-chain, and other functional domains remain elusive. To illuminate these dark areas, we applied cross-linking mass spectrometry (XL-MS) to obtain biochemical evidence in the form of over 300 distance constraints and combined this with structural modeling. These restraints additionally define the interaction network of the clots and provide molecular details for the interaction with human serum albumin (HSA). We were able to construct the structural models of the fibrinogen α-chain (excluding two highly flexible regions) and the N termini of the β-chain, confirm these models with known structural arrangements, and map how the structure laterally aggregates to form intricate lattices together with the γ-chain. We validate the final model by mapping mutations leading to impaired clot formation. From a list of 22 mutations, we uncovered structural features for all, including a crucial role for βArg’169 (UniProt: 196) in lateral aggregation. The resulting model can potentially serve for research on dysfibrinogenemia and amyloidosis as it provides insights into the molecular mechanisms of thrombosis and bleeding disorders related to fibrinogen variants. The structure is provided in the PDB-DEV repository (PDBDEV_00000030).
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Amirsadeghi A, Jafari A, Eggermont LJ, Hashemi SS, Bencherif SA, Khorram M. Vascularization strategies for skin tissue engineering. Biomater Sci 2020; 8:4073-4094. [DOI: 10.1039/d0bm00266f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Lack of proper vascularization after skin trauma causes delayed wound healing. This has sparked the development of various tissue engineering strategies to improve vascularization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Armin Amirsadeghi
- Department of Chemical Engineering
- School of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering
- Shiraz University
- Shiraz 71348-51154
- Iran
| | - Arman Jafari
- Department of Chemical Engineering
- School of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering
- Shiraz University
- Shiraz 71348-51154
- Iran
| | | | - Seyedeh-Sara Hashemi
- Burn & Wound Healing Research Center
- Shiraz University of Medical Science
- Shiraz 71345-1978
- Iran
| | - Sidi A. Bencherif
- Department of Chemical Engineering
- Northeastern University
- Boston
- USA
- Department of Bioengineering
| | - Mohammad Khorram
- Department of Chemical Engineering
- School of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering
- Shiraz University
- Shiraz 71348-51154
- Iran
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Monitoring unfractionated heparin therapy. 4 hour-stability of anti-Xa activity in unspun citrated tubes. Thromb Res 2019; 186:7-12. [PMID: 31837560 DOI: 10.1016/j.thromres.2019.10.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2019] [Revised: 10/18/2019] [Accepted: 10/19/2019] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Current guidelines recommend performing laboratory tests aimed at monitoring unfractionated heparin (UFH) treatments within a delay not exceeding 1 to 2 h(s) after sampling when blood is collected into citrated tubes. As such a short delay could be an issue, we evaluated the potential impact of longer delays. For that purpose, two citrated tubes were obtained from patients on UFH: one was centrifuged and tested for anti-Xa activity and aPTT within 1 h after collection (T1 h) and one was stored for 4 h at room temperature (T4 h) before being processed. A total of 123 paired tubes were investigated. Anti-Xa activity was significantly lower at T4 h than at T1 h, with a mean bias, calculated according to Bland-Altman, of 0.05 IU/mL. Considering 0.30 to 0.70 IU/mL as the therapeutic range, there were 12 cases of discrepant test results (9.8%). Most of them being around the lower limit of the therapeutic range had no impact on patients' management. APTT was significantly shortened (p < 0.0001) at T4 h vs. T1 h, with a mean bias of -7.9 s. Considering anti-Xa correlated aPTT therapeutic range, 29 cases of discrepant test results (23.6%) were found, 10% would have induce dosage changes. The concordance between anti-Xa activities measured at T4 h and T1 h was excellent (kappa = 0.813) and good for aPTT (kappa = 0.661). In conclusion, extending the delay between blood collection and measurement of tests prescribed for monitoring UFH therapy up to 4 h was found to lead to a systematic reduction in both anti-Xa activity and aPTT in unspun citrated tubes. As changes at T4 h were limited and had few clinically relevance than the ones observed with aPTT testing, a 4 h-delay was found to be acceptable for anti-Xa activity. The maximum delay for aPTT should remain around 1-2 h as changes were more relevant.
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Rehman SU, Ashraf S, Ahamad S, Sarwar T, Husain MA, Ahmad P, Tabish M, Jairajpuri MA. Identification of a novel alternatively spliced isoform of antithrombin containing an additional RCL-like loop. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2019; 517:421-426. [PMID: 31378371 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2019.07.113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2019] [Accepted: 07/28/2019] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Antithrombin (AT3) is one of the most important inhibitors of blood coagulation proteases that belong to the serpin family of protease inhibitors. In this study, a novel alternatively spliced isoform of AT3 was identified, both at transcript and protein level. This novel transcript contains an additional region in the continuation of exon 3b that was included in the transcript due to use of an alternate 5' splice site. The existence of the novel transcript was confirmed in human brain and liver through RT-PCR. An analysis of the complete transcript indicated that the native reactive centre loop (RCL) of AT3 is maintained; however the novel amino acid sequence projects out as an additional loop as evident from MD simulation studies. A unique amino acid sequence present in the novel isoform was used for the development of polyclonal antibody. The expression of novel isoform was confirmed in human brain and liver tissue using Western blot analysis. Interestingly an alignment of RCL like domain with other inhibitory serpins showed significant similarity with the neuroserpin RCL. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first evidence of alternatively spliced AT3 sequence containing an additional loop and could have physiological relevance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sayeed Ur Rehman
- Department of Biosciences, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi, India; Department of Biochemistry, SCLS, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, India
| | - Shazia Ashraf
- Department of Biosciences, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi, India; Department of Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Shahzaib Ahamad
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Engineering & Technology, IFTM University, Lodhipur-Rajput, Delhi Road, Moradabad, India
| | - Tarique Sarwar
- Department of Biosciences, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi, India
| | | | - Parvez Ahmad
- Department of Biosciences, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi, India
| | - Mohammad Tabish
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Life Sciences, A.M.U, Aligarh, U.P, India
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Bio-inspired drug-dominated supramolecular nanocomplex based on low molecular weight heparin for progressive tumor therapy. Carbohydr Polym 2019; 220:30-42. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2019.05.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2019] [Revised: 05/14/2019] [Accepted: 05/14/2019] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
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50
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Maitz MF, Martins MCL, Grabow N, Matschegewski C, Huang N, Chaikof EL, Barbosa MA, Werner C, Sperling C. The blood compatibility challenge. Part 4: Surface modification for hemocompatible materials: Passive and active approaches to guide blood-material interactions. Acta Biomater 2019; 94:33-43. [PMID: 31226481 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2019.06.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2019] [Revised: 05/29/2019] [Accepted: 06/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Biomedical devices in the blood flow disturb the fine-tuned balance of pro- and anti-coagulant factors in blood and vessel wall. Numerous technologies have been suggested to reduce coagulant and inflammatory responses of the body towards the device material, ranging from camouflage effects to permanent activity and further to a responsive interaction with the host systems. However, not all types of modification are suitable for all types of medical products. This review has a focus on application-oriented considerations of hemocompatible surface fittings. Thus, passive versus bioactive modifications are discussed along with the control of protein adsorption, stability of the immobilization, and the type of bioactive substance, biological or synthetic. Further considerations are related to the target system, whether enzymes or cells should be addressed in arterial or venous system, or whether the blood vessel wall is addressed. Recent developments like feedback controlled or self-renewing systems for drug release or addressing cellular regulation pathways of blood platelets and endothelial cells are paradigms for a generation of blood contacting devices, which are hemocompatible by cooperation with the host system. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: This paper is part 4 of a series of 4 reviews discussing the problem of biomaterial associated thrombogenicity. The objective was to highlight features of broad agreement and provide commentary on those aspects of the problem that were subject to dispute. We hope that future investigators will update these reviews as new scholarship resolves the uncertainties of today.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manfred F Maitz
- Institute Biofunctional Polymer Materials, Max Bergmann Center of Biomaterials, Leibniz-Institut für Polymerforschung Dresden e.V., Dresden, Germany; Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology for Materials of Education Ministry, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 610031, China.
| | - M Cristina L Martins
- i3S, Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Portugal; INEB, Instituto de Engenharia Biomédica, Rua Alfredo Allen, 208, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal; ICBAS, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Niels Grabow
- Institut für Biomedizinische Technik, Universitätsmedizin Rostock, Friedrich-Barnewitz-Str. 4, 18119 Rostock, Germany
| | - Claudia Matschegewski
- Institut für Biomedizinische Technik, Universitätsmedizin Rostock, Friedrich-Barnewitz-Str. 4, 18119 Rostock, Germany; Institute for ImplantTechnology and Biomaterials (IIB) e.V., Friedrich-Barnewitz-Str. 4, 18119 Rostock, Germany
| | - Nan Huang
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology for Materials of Education Ministry, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 610031, China
| | - Elliot L Chaikof
- Department of Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, 330 Brookline Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, United States; Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering at Harvard University, 3 Blackfan Circle, Boston, MA 02115, United States; Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA 02139, United States
| | - Mário A Barbosa
- i3S, Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Portugal; INEB, Instituto de Engenharia Biomédica, Rua Alfredo Allen, 208, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal; ICBAS, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Carsten Werner
- Institute Biofunctional Polymer Materials, Max Bergmann Center of Biomaterials, Leibniz-Institut für Polymerforschung Dresden e.V., Dresden, Germany
| | - Claudia Sperling
- Institute Biofunctional Polymer Materials, Max Bergmann Center of Biomaterials, Leibniz-Institut für Polymerforschung Dresden e.V., Dresden, Germany
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