1
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Khattib A, Shmet M, Ashkar R, Hayek T, Khatib S. Novel bioactive lipids enhanced HDL-mediated cholesterol efflux from macrophages through the ABCA1 receptor pathway. Chem Phys Lipids 2024; 258:105367. [PMID: 38103770 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemphyslip.2023.105367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2023] [Revised: 11/13/2023] [Accepted: 12/12/2023] [Indexed: 12/19/2023]
Abstract
High-density lipoprotein (HDL) has traditionally been acknowledged as "good cholesterol" owing to its significant association with a decreased risk of atherosclerosis. This association is primarily attributed to HDL's direct involvement in cholesterol efflux capacity, which plays a pivotal role in reverse cholesterol transport. A novel active compound from Nannochloropsis microalgae termed lyso-DGTS, a lipid that contains EPA fatty acids, was previously isolated and found to increase paraoxonase 1 activity and enhance HDL-mediated cholesterol efflux and HDL-induced endothelial nitric oxide release. Here, the effect of different lyso-DGTS derivatives and analogs on HDL-mediated cholesterol efflux from macrophages was examined, and the mechanism was explored. Structure-activity relationships were established to characterize the essential lipid moieties responsible for HDL-mediated cholesterol efflux from macrophages. Lyso-DGTS, 1-carboxy-N-N-N-trimethyl-3-oleamidopropan-1-aminium, and lyso-platelet-activating factor increased HDL-mediated cholesterol efflux from macrophages dose-dependently, mainly via the ABCA1-mediated cholesterol efflux pathway. The effect of lyso-DGTS derivatives and analogs on the surface polarity of HDL was examined using the Laurdan generalized polarization (GP) assay. A reverse Pearson linear regression was obtained between Laurdan GP values and HDL-mediated cholesterol efflux. Because the incorporation of bioactive lipids into the surface phospholipid layer of HDL leads to a decrease in Laurdan GP, these bioactive lipids may induce lower phospholipid ordering and greater free space on the HDL particle surface, thereby enhancing apolipoprotein A1 binding to the ABCA1 receptor and improving ABCA1 cholesterol-mediated efflux. Our findings suggest a beneficial effect of lyso-DGTS and its bioactive lipid derivatives on increasing HDL-mediated cholesterol efflux activity from macrophages, which may impact atherosclerosis attenuation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Khattib
- Natural Products and Analytical Chemistry Laboratory, MIGAL - Galilee Research Institute, Kiryat Shemona, Israel; Department of Biotechnology, Tel-Hai College, Israel; The Rappaport Family Institute for Research in the Medical Sciences and Rambam Medical Center, Haifa, Israel
| | - Manar Shmet
- Natural Products and Analytical Chemistry Laboratory, MIGAL - Galilee Research Institute, Kiryat Shemona, Israel; Department of Biotechnology, Tel-Hai College, Israel
| | - Rasha Ashkar
- Natural Products and Analytical Chemistry Laboratory, MIGAL - Galilee Research Institute, Kiryat Shemona, Israel; Department of Biotechnology, Tel-Hai College, Israel
| | - Tony Hayek
- The Rappaport Family Institute for Research in the Medical Sciences and Rambam Medical Center, Haifa, Israel
| | - Soliman Khatib
- Natural Products and Analytical Chemistry Laboratory, MIGAL - Galilee Research Institute, Kiryat Shemona, Israel; Department of Biotechnology, Tel-Hai College, Israel.
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2
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Gillard BK, Rosales C, Gotto AM, Pownall HJ. The pathophysiology of excess plasma-free cholesterol. Curr Opin Lipidol 2023; 34:278-286. [PMID: 37732779 PMCID: PMC10624414 DOI: 10.1097/mol.0000000000000899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/22/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Several large studies have shown increased mortality due to all-causes and to atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease. In most clinical settings, plasma HDL-cholesterol is determined as a sum of free cholesterol and cholesteryl ester, two molecules with vastly different metabolic itineraries. We examine the evidence supporting the concept that the pathological effects of elevations of plasma HDL-cholesterol are due to high levels of the free cholesterol component of HDL-C. RECENT FINDINGS In a small population of humans, a high plasma HDL-cholesterol is associated with increased mortality. Similar observations in the HDL-receptor deficient mouse (Scarb1 -/- ), a preclinical model of elevated HDL-C, suggests that the pathological component of HDL in these patients is an elevated plasma HDL-FC. SUMMARY Collective consideration of the human and mouse data suggests that clinical trials, especially in the setting of high plasma HDL, should measure free cholesterol and cholesteryl esters and not just total cholesterol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baiba K. Gillard
- Center for Bioenergetics, Houston Methodist, Houston, Texas
- Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York, USA
| | - Corina Rosales
- Center for Bioenergetics, Houston Methodist, Houston, Texas
- Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York, USA
| | - Antonio M. Gotto
- Center for Bioenergetics, Houston Methodist, Houston, Texas
- Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York, USA
| | - Henry J. Pownall
- Center for Bioenergetics, Houston Methodist, Houston, Texas
- Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York, USA
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3
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Park DS, Kozaki T, Tiwari SK, Moreira M, Khalilnezhad A, Torta F, Olivié N, Thiam CH, Liani O, Silvin A, Phoo WW, Gao L, Triebl A, Tham WK, Gonçalves L, Kong WT, Raman S, Zhang XM, Dunsmore G, Dutertre CA, Lee S, Ong JM, Balachander A, Khalilnezhad S, Lum J, Duan K, Lim ZM, Tan L, Low I, Utami KH, Yeo XY, Di Tommaso S, Dupuy JW, Varga B, Karadottir RT, Madathummal MC, Bonne I, Malleret B, Binte ZY, Wei Da N, Tan Y, Wong WJ, Zhang J, Chen J, Sobota RM, Howland SW, Ng LG, Saltel F, Castel D, Grill J, Minard V, Albani S, Chan JKY, Thion MS, Jung SY, Wenk MR, Pouladi MA, Pasqualini C, Angeli V, Cexus ONF, Ginhoux F. iPS-cell-derived microglia promote brain organoid maturation via cholesterol transfer. Nature 2023; 623:397-405. [PMID: 37914940 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-023-06713-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2021] [Accepted: 10/04/2023] [Indexed: 11/03/2023]
Abstract
Microglia are specialized brain-resident macrophages that arise from primitive macrophages colonizing the embryonic brain1. Microglia contribute to multiple aspects of brain development, but their precise roles in the early human brain remain poorly understood owing to limited access to relevant tissues2-6. The generation of brain organoids from human induced pluripotent stem cells recapitulates some key features of human embryonic brain development7-10. However, current approaches do not incorporate microglia or address their role in organoid maturation11-21. Here we generated microglia-sufficient brain organoids by coculturing brain organoids with primitive-like macrophages generated from the same human induced pluripotent stem cells (iMac)22. In organoid cocultures, iMac differentiated into cells with microglia-like phenotypes and functions (iMicro) and modulated neuronal progenitor cell (NPC) differentiation, limiting NPC proliferation and promoting axonogenesis. Mechanistically, iMicro contained high levels of PLIN2+ lipid droplets that exported cholesterol and its esters, which were taken up by NPCs in the organoids. We also detected PLIN2+ lipid droplet-loaded microglia in mouse and human embryonic brains. Overall, our approach substantially advances current human brain organoid approaches by incorporating microglial cells, as illustrated by the discovery of a key pathway of lipid-mediated crosstalk between microglia and NPCs that leads to improved neurogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong Shin Park
- Singapore Immunology Network (SIgN), Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore, Singapore
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Tatsuya Kozaki
- Singapore Immunology Network (SIgN), Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Satish Kumar Tiwari
- Singapore Immunology Network (SIgN), Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Marco Moreira
- INSERM U1015, Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus, Villejuif, France
| | - Ahad Khalilnezhad
- Singapore Immunology Network (SIgN), Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore, Singapore
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Federico Torta
- Department of Biochemistry, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- Singapore Lipidomics Incubator (SLING), Life Sciences Institute, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Nicolas Olivié
- Institut de Biologie de l'Ecole Normale Supérieure (IBENS), Ecole Normale Supérieure, CNRS, INSERM, PSL Research University, Paris, France
| | - Chung Hwee Thiam
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Oniko Liani
- Singapore Immunology Network (SIgN), Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Aymeric Silvin
- Singapore Immunology Network (SIgN), Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore, Singapore
- INSERM U1015, Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus, Villejuif, France
| | - Wint Wint Phoo
- Functional Proteomics Laboratory, SingMass National Laboratory, Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Liang Gao
- Department of Biochemistry, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- Singapore Lipidomics Incubator (SLING), Life Sciences Institute, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Alexander Triebl
- Department of Biochemistry, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- Singapore Lipidomics Incubator (SLING), Life Sciences Institute, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Wai Kin Tham
- Singapore Lipidomics Incubator (SLING), Life Sciences Institute, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | | | - Wan Ting Kong
- Singapore Immunology Network (SIgN), Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore, Singapore
- INSERM U1015, Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus, Villejuif, France
| | - Sethi Raman
- Singapore Immunology Network (SIgN), Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Xiao Meng Zhang
- Singapore Immunology Network (SIgN), Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Garett Dunsmore
- INSERM U1015, Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus, Villejuif, France
| | - Charles Antoine Dutertre
- Singapore Immunology Network (SIgN), Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore, Singapore
- INSERM U1015, Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus, Villejuif, France
| | - Salanne Lee
- Singapore Immunology Network (SIgN), Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Jia Min Ong
- Singapore Immunology Network (SIgN), Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Akhila Balachander
- Singapore Immunology Network (SIgN), Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Shabnam Khalilnezhad
- Singapore Immunology Network (SIgN), Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore, Singapore
- Translational Immunology Institute, SingHealth Duke-NUS Academic Medical Centre, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Josephine Lum
- Singapore Immunology Network (SIgN), Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Kaibo Duan
- Singapore Immunology Network (SIgN), Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Ze Ming Lim
- Singapore Immunology Network (SIgN), Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Leonard Tan
- Singapore Immunology Network (SIgN), Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Ivy Low
- Singapore Immunology Network (SIgN), Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Kagistia Hana Utami
- Translational Laboratory in Genetic Medicine (TLGM), Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Xin Yi Yeo
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology (IMCB), Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore, Singapore
| | | | | | - Balazs Varga
- Wellcome Trust-Medical Research Council Cambridge Stem Cell Institute and Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Ragnhildur Thora Karadottir
- Wellcome Trust-Medical Research Council Cambridge Stem Cell Institute and Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Mufeeda Changaramvally Madathummal
- A*STAR Microscopy Platform Electron Microscopy, Research Support Centre, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore, Singapore
| | - Isabelle Bonne
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Benoit Malleret
- Singapore Immunology Network (SIgN), Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore, Singapore
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- A*STAR Microscopy Platform Electron Microscopy, Research Support Centre, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore, Singapore
| | - Zainab Yasin Binte
- Singapore Immunology Network (SIgN), Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Ngan Wei Da
- Singapore Immunology Network (SIgN), Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Yingrou Tan
- Singapore Immunology Network (SIgN), Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Wei Jie Wong
- Shanghai Institute of Immunology, Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jinqiu Zhang
- Translational Laboratory in Genetic Medicine (TLGM), Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Jinmiao Chen
- Singapore Immunology Network (SIgN), Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Radoslaw M Sobota
- Functional Proteomics Laboratory, SingMass National Laboratory, Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Shanshan W Howland
- Singapore Immunology Network (SIgN), Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Lai Guan Ng
- Singapore Immunology Network (SIgN), Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore, Singapore
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- Shanghai Immune Therapy Institute, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | | | - David Castel
- INSERM U981, Molecular Predictors and New Targets in Oncology & Département de Cancérologie de l'Enfant et de l'Adolescent, Gustave Roussy, Université Paris-Saclay, Villejuif, France
| | - Jacques Grill
- INSERM U981, Molecular Predictors and New Targets in Oncology & Département de Cancérologie de l'Enfant et de l'Adolescent, Gustave Roussy, Université Paris-Saclay, Villejuif, France
| | | | - Salvatore Albani
- Translational Immunology Institute, SingHealth Duke-NUS Academic Medical Centre, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Jerry K Y Chan
- Department of Reproductive Medicine, KK Women's and Children's Hospital, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Morgane Sonia Thion
- Institut de Biologie de l'Ecole Normale Supérieure (IBENS), Ecole Normale Supérieure, CNRS, INSERM, PSL Research University, Paris, France
| | - Sang Yong Jung
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology (IMCB), Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore, Singapore
- Department of Medical Science, College of Medicine, CHA University, Seongnam, Republic of Korea
| | - Markus R Wenk
- Department of Biochemistry, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- Singapore Lipidomics Incubator (SLING), Life Sciences Institute, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Mahmoud A Pouladi
- Translational Laboratory in Genetic Medicine (TLGM), Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore, Singapore
- Department of Medical Genetics, Centre for Molecular Medicine and Therapeutics, Djavad Mowafaghian Centre for Brain Health, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
- British Columbia Children's Hospital Research Institute, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | | | - Veronique Angeli
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Olivier N F Cexus
- Singapore Lipidomics Incubator (SLING), Life Sciences Institute, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology (IMCB), Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore, Singapore
- School of Biosciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford, UK
| | - Florent Ginhoux
- Singapore Immunology Network (SIgN), Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore, Singapore.
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.
- INSERM U1015, Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus, Villejuif, France.
- Translational Immunology Institute, SingHealth Duke-NUS Academic Medical Centre, Singapore, Singapore.
- Shanghai Institute of Immunology, Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
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4
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Li Z, Wang Y, Xing R, Zeng H, Yu XJ, Zhang YJ, Xu J, Zheng L. Cholesterol Efflux Drives the Generation of Immunosuppressive Macrophages to Promote the Progression of Human Hepatocellular Carcinoma. Cancer Immunol Res 2023; 11:1400-1413. [PMID: 37467346 DOI: 10.1158/2326-6066.cir-22-0907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2022] [Revised: 04/07/2023] [Accepted: 07/18/2023] [Indexed: 07/21/2023]
Abstract
Cholesterol is often enriched in tumor microenvironment (TME); however, its impact on disease progression varies in different tissues and cells. Monocytes/macrophages (Mφ) are major components and regulators of the TME and play pivotal roles in tumor progression and therapeutic responses. We aimed to investigate the profile, effects, and regulatory mechanisms of Mφ cholesterol metabolism in the context of human hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Here, we found that patients with high serum levels of cholesterol had shorter survival times and lower response rates to anti-PD-1 treatment. However, the cholesterol content in tumor-infiltrating monocytes/Mφ was significantly lower than that in their counterparts in paired nontumor tissues. The expression of the cholesterol efflux transporter, ABCA1, was upregulated in tumor monocytes/Mφ, and ABCA1 upregulation positively associated with decreased cellular cholesterol content and increased serum cholesterol levels. Mechanistically, autocrine cytokines from tumor-treated monocytes increased LXRα and ABCA1 expression, which led to the generation of immature and immunosuppressive Mφ. Although exogenous cholesterol alone had little direct effect on Mφ, it did act synergistically with tumor-derived factors to promote ABCA1 expression in Mφ with more immunosuppressive features. Moreover, high numbers of ABCA1+ Mφ in HCC tumors associated with reduced CD8+ T-cell infiltration and predicted poor clinical outcome for patients. Our results revealed that dysregulated cholesterol homeostasis, due to the collaborative effects of tumors and exogenous cholesterol, drives the generation of immunosuppressive Mφ. The selective modulation of cholesterol metabolism in Mφ may represent a novel strategy for cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhixiong Li
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, P.R. China
- MOE Key Laboratory of Gene Function and Regulation, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, P.R. China
| | - Yongchun Wang
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, P.R. China
| | - Rui Xing
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, P.R. China
| | - Huilan Zeng
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, P.R. China
- Department of Liver Surgery, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, P.R. China
| | - Xing-Juan Yu
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, P.R. China
| | - Yao-Jun Zhang
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, P.R. China
- Department of Liver Surgery, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, P.R. China
| | - Jing Xu
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, P.R. China
| | - Limin Zheng
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, P.R. China
- MOE Key Laboratory of Gene Function and Regulation, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, P.R. China
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5
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Zhao C, Yang Q, Tang R, Li W, Wang J, Yang F, Zhao J, Zhu J, Pang W, Li N, Zhang X, Tian XY, Yao W, Zhou J. DNA methyltransferase 1 deficiency improves macrophage motility and wound healing by ameliorating cholesterol accumulation. NPJ Regen Med 2023; 8:29. [PMID: 37291182 DOI: 10.1038/s41536-023-00306-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2022] [Accepted: 05/30/2023] [Indexed: 06/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Healing of the cutaneous wound requires macrophage recruitment at the sites of injury, where chemotactic migration of macrophages toward the wound is regulated by local inflammation. Recent studies suggest a positive contribution of DNA methyltransferase 1 (Dnmt1) to macrophage pro-informatory responses; however, its role in regulating macrophage motility remains unknown. In this study, myeloid-specific depletion of Dnmt1 in mice promoted cutaneous wound healing and de-suppressed the lipopolysaccharides (LPS)-inhibited macrophage motility. Dnmt1 inhibition in macrophages eliminated the LPS-stimulated changes in cellular mechanical properties in terms of elasticity and viscoelasticity. LPS increased the cellular accumulation of cholesterol in a Dnmt1-depedent manner; cholesterol content determined cellular stiffness and motility. Lipidomic analysis indicated that Dnmt1 inhibition altered the cellular lipid homeostasis, probably through down-regulating the expression of cluster of differentiation 36 CD36 (facilitating lipid influx) and up-regulating the expression of ATP-binding cassette transporter ABCA1 (mediating lipid efflux) and sterol O-acyltransferase 1 SOAT1 (also named ACAT1, catalyzing the esterification of cholesterol). Our study revealed a Dnmt1-dependent epigenetic mechanism in the control of macrophage mechanical properties and the related chemotactic motility, indicating Dnmt1 as both a marker of diseases and a potential target of therapeutic intervention for wound healing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuanrong Zhao
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, 100191, China
- State Key Laboratory of Vascular Homeostasis and Remodeling, Peking University, Beijing, 100191, China
- National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Molecular Biology and Regulatory Peptides; Beijing Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Receptors Research, Peking University, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Qianru Yang
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, 100191, China
- State Key Laboratory of Vascular Homeostasis and Remodeling, Peking University, Beijing, 100191, China
- National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Molecular Biology and Regulatory Peptides; Beijing Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Receptors Research, Peking University, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Runze Tang
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, 100191, China
- State Key Laboratory of Vascular Homeostasis and Remodeling, Peking University, Beijing, 100191, China
- National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Molecular Biology and Regulatory Peptides; Beijing Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Receptors Research, Peking University, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Wang Li
- School of Engineering Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Science, Beijing, 100190, China
- Center for Biomechanics and Bioengineering, Beijing Key Laboratory of Engineered Construction and Mechanobiology and Key Laboratory of Microgravity (National Microgravity Laboratory), Institute of Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Jin Wang
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, 100191, China
- State Key Laboratory of Vascular Homeostasis and Remodeling, Peking University, Beijing, 100191, China
- National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Molecular Biology and Regulatory Peptides; Beijing Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Receptors Research, Peking University, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Fangfang Yang
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, 100191, China
- State Key Laboratory of Vascular Homeostasis and Remodeling, Peking University, Beijing, 100191, China
- National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Molecular Biology and Regulatory Peptides; Beijing Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Receptors Research, Peking University, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Jianan Zhao
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, 100191, China
- State Key Laboratory of Vascular Homeostasis and Remodeling, Peking University, Beijing, 100191, China
- National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Molecular Biology and Regulatory Peptides; Beijing Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Receptors Research, Peking University, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Juanjuan Zhu
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, 100191, China
- State Key Laboratory of Vascular Homeostasis and Remodeling, Peking University, Beijing, 100191, China
- National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Molecular Biology and Regulatory Peptides; Beijing Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Receptors Research, Peking University, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Wei Pang
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Ning Li
- School of Engineering Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Science, Beijing, 100190, China
- Center for Biomechanics and Bioengineering, Beijing Key Laboratory of Engineered Construction and Mechanobiology and Key Laboratory of Microgravity (National Microgravity Laboratory), Institute of Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Xu Zhang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Metabolic Diseases, The Province and Ministry Co-sponsored Collaborative Innovation Center for Medical Epigenetics, Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Research Center of Basic Medical Sciences, Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 300070, China
| | - Xiao Yu Tian
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Heart and Vascular Institute, CUHK Shenzhen Research Institute, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, 999077, China
| | - Weijuan Yao
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, 100191, China.
| | - Jing Zhou
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, 100191, China.
- State Key Laboratory of Vascular Homeostasis and Remodeling, Peking University, Beijing, 100191, China.
- National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Molecular Biology and Regulatory Peptides; Beijing Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Receptors Research, Peking University, Beijing, 100191, China.
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6
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García-Dorival I, Cuesta-Geijo MÁ, Galindo I, Del Puerto A, Barrado-Gil L, Urquiza J, Alonso C. Elucidation of the Cellular Interactome of African Swine Fever Virus Fusion Proteins and Identification of Potential Therapeutic Targets. Viruses 2023; 15:v15051098. [PMID: 37243184 DOI: 10.3390/v15051098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2023] [Revised: 04/26/2023] [Accepted: 04/27/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
African swine fever virus (ASFV) encodes more than 150 proteins, most of them of unknown function. We used a high-throughput proteomic analysis to elucidate the interactome of four ASFV proteins, which potentially mediate a critical step of the infection cycle, the fusion and endosomal exit of the virions. Using affinity purification and mass spectrometry, we were able to identify potential interacting partners for those ASFV proteins P34, E199L, MGF360-15R and E248R. Representative molecular pathways for these proteins were intracellular and Golgi vesicle transport, endoplasmic reticulum organization, lipid biosynthesis, and cholesterol metabolism. Rab geranyl geranylation emerged as a significant hit, and also Rab proteins, which are crucial regulators of the endocytic pathway and interactors of both p34 and E199L. Rab proteins co-ordinate a tight regulation of the endocytic pathway that is necessary for ASFV infection. Moreover, several interactors were proteins involved in the molecular exchange at ER membrane contacts. These ASFV fusion proteins shared interacting partners, suggesting potential common functions. Membrane trafficking and lipid metabolism were important categories, as we found significant interactions with several enzymes of the lipid metabolism. These targets were confirmed using specific inhibitors with antiviral effect in cell lines and macrophages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabel García-Dorival
- Departmento de Biotecnología, INIA-CSIC, Centro Nacional Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria, Ctra. de la Coruña Km 7.5, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Miguel Ángel Cuesta-Geijo
- Departmento de Biotecnología, INIA-CSIC, Centro Nacional Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria, Ctra. de la Coruña Km 7.5, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Inmaculada Galindo
- Departmento de Biotecnología, INIA-CSIC, Centro Nacional Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria, Ctra. de la Coruña Km 7.5, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Ana Del Puerto
- Departmento de Biotecnología, INIA-CSIC, Centro Nacional Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria, Ctra. de la Coruña Km 7.5, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Lucía Barrado-Gil
- Departmento de Biotecnología, INIA-CSIC, Centro Nacional Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria, Ctra. de la Coruña Km 7.5, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Jesús Urquiza
- Departmento de Biotecnología, INIA-CSIC, Centro Nacional Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria, Ctra. de la Coruña Km 7.5, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Covadonga Alonso
- Departmento de Biotecnología, INIA-CSIC, Centro Nacional Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria, Ctra. de la Coruña Km 7.5, 28040 Madrid, Spain
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7
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George M, Lang M, Gali CC, Babalola JA, Tam-Amersdorfer C, Stracke A, Strobl H, Zimmermann R, Panzenboeck U, Wadsack C. Liver X Receptor Activation Attenuates Oxysterol-Induced Inflammatory Responses in Fetoplacental Endothelial Cells. Cells 2023; 12:cells12081186. [PMID: 37190095 DOI: 10.3390/cells12081186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2023] [Revised: 04/06/2023] [Accepted: 04/12/2023] [Indexed: 05/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Oxysterols are oxidized cholesterol derivatives whose systemic levels are found elevated in pregnancy disorders such as gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM). Oxysterols act through various cellular receptors and serve as a key metabolic signal, coordinating inflammation. GDM is a condition of low-grade chronic inflammation accompanied by altered inflammatory profiles in the mother, placenta and fetus. Higher levels of two oxysterols, namely 7-ketocholesterol (7-ketoC) and 7β-hydroxycholesterol (7β-OHC), were observed in fetoplacental endothelial cells (fpEC) and cord blood of GDM offspring. In this study, we tested the effects of 7-ketoC and 7β-OHC on inflammation and investigated the underlying mechanisms involved. Primary fpEC in culture treated with 7-ketoC or 7β-OHC, induced the activation of mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) and nuclear factor kappa B (NFκB) signaling, which resulted in the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-6, IL-8) and intercellular cell adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1). Liver-X receptor (LXR) activation is known to repress inflammation. Treatment with LXR synthetic agonist T0901317 dampened oxysterol-induced inflammatory responses. Probucol, an inhibitor of LXR target gene ATP-binding cassette transporter A-1 (ABCA-1), antagonized the protective effects of T0901317, suggesting a potential involvement of ABCA-1 in LXR-mediated repression of inflammatory signaling in fpEC. TLR-4 inhibitor Tak-242 attenuated pro-inflammatory signaling induced by oxysterols downstream of the TLR-4 inflammatory signaling cascade. Taken together, our findings suggest that 7-ketoC and 7β-OHC contribute to placental inflammation through the activation of TLR-4. Pharmacologic activation of LXR in fpEC decelerates its shift to a pro-inflammatory phenotype in the presence of oxysterols.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meekha George
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Medical University of Graz, 8036 Graz, Austria
| | - Magdalena Lang
- Otto-Loewi Research Center for Vascular Biology, Immunology and Inflammation, Division of Immunology, Medical University of Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | | | | | - Carmen Tam-Amersdorfer
- Otto-Loewi Research Center for Vascular Biology, Immunology and Inflammation, Division of Immunology, Medical University of Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Anika Stracke
- Otto-Loewi Research Center for Vascular Biology, Immunology and Inflammation, Division of Immunology, Medical University of Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Herbert Strobl
- Otto-Loewi Research Center for Vascular Biology, Immunology and Inflammation, Division of Immunology, Medical University of Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Robert Zimmermann
- Institute for Molecular Biosciences, University of Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Ute Panzenboeck
- Otto-Loewi Research Center for Vascular Biology, Immunology and Inflammation, Division of Immunology, Medical University of Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Christian Wadsack
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Medical University of Graz, 8036 Graz, Austria
- BioTech-Med, 8010 Graz, Austria
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8
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Roh K, Noh J, Kim Y, Jang Y, Kim J, Choi H, Lee Y, Ji M, Kang D, Kim MS, Paik MJ, Chung J, Kim JH, Kang C. Lysosomal control of senescence and inflammation through cholesterol partitioning. Nat Metab 2023; 5:398-413. [PMID: 36864206 DOI: 10.1038/s42255-023-00747-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2022] [Accepted: 01/27/2023] [Indexed: 03/04/2023]
Abstract
Whereas cholesterol is vital for cell growth, proliferation, and remodeling, dysregulation of cholesterol metabolism is associated with multiple age-related pathologies. Here we show that senescent cells accumulate cholesterol in lysosomes to maintain the senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP). We find that induction of cellular senescence by diverse triggers enhances cellular cholesterol metabolism. Senescence is associated with the upregulation of the cholesterol exporter ABCA1, which is rerouted to the lysosome, where it moonlights as a cholesterol importer. Lysosomal cholesterol accumulation results in the formation of cholesterol-rich microdomains on the lysosomal limiting membrane enriched with the mammalian target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1) scaffolding complex, thereby sustaining mTORC1 activity to support the SASP. We further show that pharmacological modulation of lysosomal cholesterol partitioning alters senescence-associated inflammation and in vivo senescence during osteoarthritis progression in male mice. Our study reveals a potential unifying theme for the role of cholesterol in the aging process through the regulation of senescence-associated inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyeonghwan Roh
- School of Biological Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
- Center for Systems Geroscience, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jeonghwan Noh
- School of Biological Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
- Center for RNA Research, Institute of Basic Science, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Yeonju Kim
- School of Biological Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
- Center for Systems Geroscience, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Yeji Jang
- School of Biological Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
- Center for Systems Geroscience, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jaejin Kim
- School of Biological Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
- Center for Systems Geroscience, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Haebeen Choi
- School of Biological Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
- Center for Systems Geroscience, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Yeonghyeon Lee
- School of Biological Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
- Center for Systems Geroscience, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Moongi Ji
- College of Pharmacy, Sunchon National University, Suncheon, South Korea
| | - Donghyun Kang
- School of Biological Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
- Center for RNA Research, Institute of Basic Science, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Mi-Sung Kim
- School of Biological Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
- Center for Systems Geroscience, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Man-Jeong Paik
- College of Pharmacy, Sunchon National University, Suncheon, South Korea
| | - Jongkyeong Chung
- School of Biological Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
- Center for Systems Geroscience, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jin-Hong Kim
- School of Biological Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea.
- Center for RNA Research, Institute of Basic Science, Seoul, South Korea.
| | - Chanhee Kang
- School of Biological Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea.
- Center for Systems Geroscience, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea.
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9
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Schäfer-Somi S, Claaßen S, Lechner D. Inhibition of the cholesterol transporter ABCA1 by probucol decreases capacitation and tyrosine phosphorylation of dog spermatozoa, and is dose dependent. Theriogenology 2023; 197:159-166. [PMID: 36525855 DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2022.11.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2022] [Revised: 11/28/2022] [Accepted: 11/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/08/2022]
Abstract
The ATP binding cassette (ABC) transporter molecule ABCA1 participates in the cholesterol transport within and through cell membranes. We recently demonstrated that in dog spermatozoa, capacitation could be decreased with probucol (PRO), an ABCA1 specific antagonist. In this study, a dose-effect relationship of PRO on dog sperm capacitation, tyrosine phosphorylation and cholesterol efflux from the sperm plasma membrane was investigated. A total of 16 ejaculates from dogs of different breeds, aged 2-4 years were used. Sperm motility and membrane integrity in the main fraction was determined by CASA. Samples were stained with a boron dipyrromethene difluoride (BODIPY) fluorophore (P9672, Sigma- Aldrich, A) diluted in DMSO at a final concentration of 0.4 μM. All samples were divided into 5 aliquots, with 0, 100, 250, 500 and 1000 μM of PRO. After incubation at 37 °C for 2 h, PI was added and flow cytometry performed. All aliquots were examined for capacitation and acrosome reaction by using the CTC assay and tyrosine phosphorylation (TP). Membrane integrity was measured in all aliquots to investigate the effect of PRO on cell membranes. Membrane integrity did not differ between controls (0 μM), and 100, 250 and 500 μM PRO, but decreased with 1000 μM PRO (p < 0.05). Increasing PRO concentration decreased the percentage alive cells with cholesterol efflux per PRO group (0 μM: 77.8 ± 10.6%, 100 μM: 63.7 ± 11.7%, 250 μM: 52.1 ± 12.9%, 500 μM: 37.7 ± 11.6%, 1000 μM: 33.1 ± 14.4%; p < 0.05), decreased head and entire tail phosphorylated cells (0 μM: 34.6%, 1000 μM: 5.1% p < 0.05); and decreased the percentage capacitated cells (maximum with PRO 500 μM: capacitated vs. control: 54.2 ± 17% vs 25 ± 7.7%, p < 0.05). Conclusion: PRO decreased the cholesterol efflux, and decreased tyrosine phosphorylation and capacitation in a dose-dependent manner. This suggests a strong involvement of the ABCA1 transporter in different functional aspects of sperm capacitation in dogs.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Schäfer-Somi
- Platform for Artificial Insemination and Embryo Transfer, Department for Small Animals and Horses, University of Veterinary Medicine, Veterinärplatz 1, 1210, Vienna, Austria.
| | - S Claaßen
- Platform for Artificial Insemination and Embryo Transfer, Department for Small Animals and Horses, University of Veterinary Medicine, Veterinärplatz 1, 1210, Vienna, Austria
| | - D Lechner
- Platform for Artificial Insemination and Embryo Transfer, Department for Small Animals and Horses, University of Veterinary Medicine, Veterinärplatz 1, 1210, Vienna, Austria
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10
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A New ABCB1 Inhibitor Enhances the Anticancer Effect of Doxorubicin in Both In Vitro and In Vivo Models of NSCLC. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24020989. [PMID: 36674503 PMCID: PMC9861803 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24020989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2022] [Revised: 12/30/2022] [Accepted: 01/01/2023] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
In tumors, the multi drug resistance phenomenon may occur through the efflux of chemotherapeutic drugs out of cancer cells, impeding their accumulation, and eventually reducing their toxicity. This process is mediated by transporters overexpressed in the plasma membranes of tumor cells, among which is the P-glycoprotein/multidrug resistance 1/ATP-binding cassette B1 (P-gp/MDR1/ABCB1). The aim of this study was to explore the effect of a new molecule, called AIF-1, on ABCB1 activity. In a cellular model of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), AIF-1 significantly inhibited ABCB1 activity, which was evaluated by the fluorimetric measurement of the intracellular accumulation of calcein. AIF-1 also significantly increased the intracellular content of doxorubicin, which was evaluated by confocal microscopy and LC-MS/MS analysis. This effect translated to higher cytotoxicity of doxorubicin and reduced cellular proliferation. Finally, in a murine xenograft model, the tumor volume increased by 267% and 148% on average in mice treated with vehicle and doxorubicin alone, respectively. After the co-administration of doxorubicin with AIF-1, tumor volume increased by only 13.4%. In conclusion, these results suggest enhancement of the efficacy of the chemotherapeutic drug doxorubicin by AIF-1, laying the basis for the future development of new ABCB1 inhibitors for tumor treatment.
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11
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PCSK9 Affects Astrocyte Cholesterol Metabolism and Reduces Neuron Cholesterol Supplying In Vitro: Potential Implications in Alzheimer's Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232012192. [PMID: 36293049 PMCID: PMC9602670 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232012192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2022] [Revised: 10/04/2022] [Accepted: 10/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
The Proprotein Convertase Subtilisin/Kexin Type 9 (PCSK9) involvement in Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is poorly investigated. We evaluated the in vitro PCSK9 modulation of astrocyte cholesterol metabolism and neuronal cholesterol supplying, which is fundamental for neuronal functions. Moreover, we investigated PCSK9 neurotoxic effects. In human astrocytoma cells, PCSK9 reduced cholesterol content (−20%; p < 0.05), with a greater effect in presence of beta amyloid peptide (Aβ) (−37%; p < 0.01). PCSK9 increased cholesterol synthesis and reduced the uptake of apoE-HDL-derived cholesterol (−36%; p < 0.0001), as well as the LDL receptor (LDLR) and the apoE receptor 2 (ApoER2) expression (−66% and −31%, respectively; p < 0.01). PCSK9 did not modulate ABCA1- and ABCG1-cholesterol efflux, ABCA1 levels, or membrane cholesterol. Conversely, ABCA1 expression and activity, as well as membrane cholesterol, were reduced by Aβ (p < 0.05). In human neuronal cells, PCSK9 reduced apoE-HDL-derived cholesterol uptake (−41%; p < 0.001) and LDLR/apoER2 expression (p < 0.05). Reduced cholesterol internalization occurred also in PCSK9-overexpressing neurons exposed to an astrocyte-conditioned medium (−39%; p < 0.001). PCSK9 reduced neuronal cholesterol content overall (−29%; p < 0.05) and increased the Aβ-induced neurotoxicity (p < 0.0001). Our data revealed an interfering effect of PCSK9, in cooperation with Aβ, on brain cholesterol metabolism leading to neuronal cholesterol reduction, a potentially deleterious effect. PCSK9 also exerted a neurotoxic effect, and thus represents a potential pharmacological target in AD.
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12
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Arai H. [Physiological Function and Congenital Deficiency of α-TTP, a Determinant of Vitamin E Transport in the Body -One Portion of the Research for Which the Pharmaceutical Society of Japan Award Was Given]. YAKUGAKU ZASSHI 2022; 142:775-795. [PMID: 35908939 DOI: 10.1248/yakushi.22-00090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
This review summarizes one portion of the research for which the author received the Pharmaceutical Society of Japan Award. The complete title of the awarded research is "Pharmacological Studies on Metabolism and Functions of Biomembrane Lipids". Because the awarded research is a very broad study, this review describes the discovery, physiological functions, and congenital defects of α-tocopherol transfer protein (α-TTP), a critical factor in determining the transport of vitamin E in the body, which has been the focus of the author's work throughout his research career.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroyuki Arai
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo
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13
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Hafiane A, Ronca A, Kiss RS, Favari E. High Density Lipoprotein-Based Therapeutics: Novel Mechanism of Probucol in Foam Cells. Front Cardiovasc Med 2022; 9:895031. [PMID: 35557540 PMCID: PMC9086955 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2022.895031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2022] [Accepted: 03/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Anouar Hafiane
- Research Institute of the McGill University Health Center, Montreal, QC, Canada
- *Correspondence: Anouar Hafiane
| | - Annalisa Ronca
- Department of Food and Drug, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Robert S. Kiss
- Research Institute of the McGill University Health Center, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Elda Favari
- Department of Food and Drug, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
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14
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Matsuo M. ABCA1 and ABCG1 as potential therapeutic targets for the prevention of atherosclerosis. J Pharmacol Sci 2022; 148:197-203. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphs.2021.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2021] [Revised: 11/05/2021] [Accepted: 11/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
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15
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Self-activation of Vγ9Vδ2 T cells by exogenous phosphoantigens involves TCR and butyrophilins. Cell Mol Immunol 2021; 18:1861-1870. [PMID: 34183807 PMCID: PMC8237548 DOI: 10.1038/s41423-021-00720-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2021] [Accepted: 06/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The high cytotoxic activity of Vγ9Vδ2 T lymphocytes against tumor cells makes them useful candidates in anticancer therapies. However, the molecular mechanism of their activation by phosphoantigens (PAgs) is not completely known. Many studies have depicted the mechanism of Vγ9Vδ2 T-cell activation by PAg-sensed accessory cells, such as immune presenting cells or tumor cells. In this study, we demonstrated that pure resting Vγ9Vδ2 T lymphocytes can self-activate through exogenous PAgs, involving their TCR and the butyrophilins BTN3A1 and BTN2A1. This is the first time that these three molecules, concurrently expressed at the plasma membrane of Vγ9Vδ2 T cells, have been shown to be involved together on the same and unique T cell during PAg activation. Moreover, the use of probucol to stimulate the inhibition of this self-activation prompted us to propose that ABCA-1 could be implicated in the transfer of exogenous PAgs inside Vγ9Vδ2 T cells before activating them through membrane clusters formed by γ9TCR, BTN3A1 and BTN2A1. The self-activation of Vγ9Vδ2 T cells, which leads to self-killing, can therefore participate in the failure of γδ T cell-based therapies with exogenous PAgs and should be taken into account.
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16
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Namasivayam V, Silbermann K, Pahnke J, Wiese M, Stefan SM. Scaffold fragmentation and substructure hopping reveal potential, robustness, and limits of computer-aided pattern analysis (C@PA). Comput Struct Biotechnol J 2021; 19:3269-3283. [PMID: 34141145 PMCID: PMC8193046 DOI: 10.1016/j.csbj.2021.05.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2021] [Revised: 05/03/2021] [Accepted: 05/08/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Exploratory changes in substructure patterns are well tolerated by C@PA. Extended positive substructures support prediction capability. Increased biological hit rate of 40% for multitarget pan-ABC transporter inhibition. Contribution to major understanding of pattern analysis and multitarget activity. Pan-ABC transporter inhibitors as tool for elucidation of multitarget binding site.
Computer-aided pattern analysis (C@PA) was recently presented as a powerful tool to predict multitarget ABC transporter inhibitors. The backbone of this computational methodology was the statistical analysis of frequently occurring molecular features amongst a fixed set of reported small-molecules that had been evaluated toward ABCB1, ABCC1, and ABCG2. As a result, negative and positive patterns were elucidated, and secondary positive substructures could be suggested that complemented the multitarget fingerprints. Elevating C@PA to a non-statistical and exploratory level, the concluded secondary positive patterns were extended with potential positive substructures to improve C@PA’s prediction capabilities and to explore its robustness. A small-set compound library of known ABCC1 inhibitors with a known hit rate for triple ABCB1, ABCC1, and ABCG2 inhibition was taken to virtually screen for the extended positive patterns. In total, 846 potential broad-spectrum ABCB1, ABCC1, and ABCG2 inhibitors resulted, from which 10 have been purchased and biologically evaluated. Our approach revealed 4 novel multitarget ABCB1, ABCC1, and ABCG2 inhibitors with a biological hit rate of 40%, but with a slightly lower inhibitory power than derived from the original C@PA. This is the very first report about discovering novel broad-spectrum inhibitors against the most prominent ABC transporters by improving C@PA.
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Key Words
- ABC transporter, ATP-binding cassette transporter
- ABCB1 (P-gp)
- ABCC1 (MRP1)
- ABCG2 (BCRP)
- ATP, adenosine-triphosphate
- Alzheimer's disease (AD)
- BCRP, breast cancer resistance protein (ABCG2)
- C@PA, computer-aided pattern analysis
- F1–5, pharmacophore features 1–5
- IC50, half-maximal inhibition concentration
- MDR, multidrug resistance
- MOE, molecular operating environment
- MRP1, multidrug resistance-associated protein 1 (ABCC1)
- Multidrug resistance (MDR)
- Multitarget fingerprints
- P-gp, P-glycoprotein (ABCB1)
- Pan-ABC inhibition / antagonism / blockage (PANABC)
- Pattern analysis (C@PA)
- SEM, standard error of the mean
- SMILES, simplified molecular input line entry specification
- Tc, Tanimotto coefficient
- Triple / multitarget / broad-spectrum / promiscuous inhibitor / antagonist
- Under-studied ABC transporters (e.g., ABCA7)
- Well-studied ABC transporters
- calcein AM, calcein acetoxymethyl
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Affiliation(s)
- Vigneshwaran Namasivayam
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Cellbiological Chemistry, Pharmaceutical Institute, University of Bonn, An der Immenburg 4, 53121 Bonn, Germany
| | - Katja Silbermann
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Cellbiological Chemistry, Pharmaceutical Institute, University of Bonn, An der Immenburg 4, 53121 Bonn, Germany
| | - Jens Pahnke
- Department of Neuro-/Pathology, University of Oslo and Oslo University Hospital, Sognsvannsveien 20, 0372 Oslo, Norway.,LIED, University of Lübeck, Ratzenburger Allee 160, 23538 Lübeck, Germany.,Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Latvia, Jelgavas iela 1, 1004 Rīga, Latvia.,Department of Bioorganic Chemistry, Leibniz-Institute of Plant Biochemistry, Weinberg 3, 06120 Halle, Germany
| | - Michael Wiese
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Cellbiological Chemistry, Pharmaceutical Institute, University of Bonn, An der Immenburg 4, 53121 Bonn, Germany
| | - Sven Marcel Stefan
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Cellbiological Chemistry, Pharmaceutical Institute, University of Bonn, An der Immenburg 4, 53121 Bonn, Germany.,Department of Neuro-/Pathology, University of Oslo and Oslo University Hospital, Sognsvannsveien 20, 0372 Oslo, Norway.,Cancer Drug Resistance and Stem Cell Program, University of Sydney, Kolling Builging, 10 Westbourne Street, Sydney, New South Wales 2065, Australia
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17
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Gkolfinopoulou C, Soukou F, Dafnis I, Kellici TF, Sanoudou D, Mavromoustakos T, Stratikos E, Chroni A. Structure-function analysis of naturally occurring apolipoprotein A-I L144R, A164S and L178P mutants provides insight on their role on HDL levels and cardiovascular risk. Cell Mol Life Sci 2021; 78:1523-1544. [PMID: 32666307 PMCID: PMC11072781 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-020-03583-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2019] [Revised: 06/03/2020] [Accepted: 06/22/2020] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Naturally occurring point mutations in apolipoprotein A-I (apoA-I), the major protein component of high-density lipoprotein (HDL), may affect plasma HDL-cholesterol levels and cardiovascular risk. Here, we evaluated the effect of human apoA-I mutations L144R (associated with low HDL-cholesterol), L178P (associated with low HDL-cholesterol and increased cardiovascular risk) and A164S (associated with increased cardiovascular risk and mortality without low HDL-cholesterol) on the structural integrity and functions of lipid-free and lipoprotein-associated apoA-I in an effort to explain the phenotypes of subjects carrying these mutations. All three mutants, in lipid-free form, presented structural and thermodynamic aberrations, with apoA-I[L178P] presenting the greatest thermodynamic destabilization. Additionally, apoA-I[L178P] displayed reduced ABCA1-mediated cholesterol efflux capacity. When in reconstituted HDL (rHDL), apoA-I[L144R] and apoA-I[L178P] were more thermodynamically destabilized compared to wild-type apoA-I, both displayed reduced SR-BI-mediated cholesterol efflux capacity and apoA-I[L144R] showed severe LCAT activation defect. ApoA-I[A164S] was thermodynamically unaffected when in rHDL, but exhibited a series of functional defects. Specifically, it had reduced ABCG1-mediated cholesterol and 7-ketocholesterol efflux capacity, failed to reduce ROS formation in endothelial cells and had reduced capacity to induce endothelial cell migration. Mechanistically, the latter was due to decreased capacity of rHDL-apoA-I[A164S] to activate Akt kinase possibly by interacting with endothelial LOX-1 receptor. The impaired capacity of rHDL-apoA-I[A164S] to preserve endothelial function may be related to the increased cardiovascular risk for this mutation. Overall, our structure-function analysis of L144R, A164S and L178P apoA-I mutants provides insights on how HDL-cholesterol levels and/or atheroprotective properties of apoA-I/HDL are impaired in carriers of these mutations.
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MESH Headings
- ATP Binding Cassette Transporter, Subfamily G, Member 1/genetics
- ATP Binding Cassette Transporter, Subfamily G, Member 1/metabolism
- Apolipoprotein A-I/genetics
- Apolipoprotein A-I/metabolism
- Apolipoprotein A-I/ultrastructure
- Cardiovascular Diseases/genetics
- Cardiovascular Diseases/pathology
- Cell Movement/genetics
- Cholesterol, HDL/genetics
- Cholesterol, HDL/metabolism
- Cholesterol, HDL/ultrastructure
- Endothelial Cells/metabolism
- Endothelial Cells/pathology
- Heart Disease Risk Factors
- Humans
- Ketocholesterols/genetics
- Ketocholesterols/metabolism
- Lipoproteins, HDL/genetics
- Lipoproteins, HDL/metabolism
- Lipoproteins, HDL/ultrastructure
- Mutant Proteins/genetics
- Mutant Proteins/metabolism
- Mutant Proteins/ultrastructure
- Mutation/genetics
- Scavenger Receptors, Class E/genetics
- Scavenger Receptors, Class E/metabolism
- Structure-Activity Relationship
- Thermodynamics
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Affiliation(s)
- Christina Gkolfinopoulou
- Institute of Biosciences and Applications, National Center for Scientific Research "Demokritos", Agia Paraskevi, 15341, Athens, Greece
| | - Faye Soukou
- Institute of Biosciences and Applications, National Center for Scientific Research "Demokritos", Agia Paraskevi, 15341, Athens, Greece
| | - Ioannis Dafnis
- Institute of Biosciences and Applications, National Center for Scientific Research "Demokritos", Agia Paraskevi, 15341, Athens, Greece
| | - Tahsin F Kellici
- Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Panepistimioupolis Zografou, Athens, Greece
| | - Despina Sanoudou
- 4th Department of Internal Medicine, Clinical Genomics and Pharmacogenomics Unit, 'Attikon' Hospital, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
- Molecular Biology Division, Biomedical Research Foundation of the Academy of Athens, Athens, Greece
- Center for New Biotechnologies and Precision Medicine, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Thomas Mavromoustakos
- Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Panepistimioupolis Zografou, Athens, Greece
| | - Efstratios Stratikos
- Protein Chemistry Laboratory, Institute of Nuclear and Radiological Sciences and Technology, Energy and Safety, National Center for Scientific Research "Demokritos", Agia Paraskevi, Athens, Greece
| | - Angeliki Chroni
- Institute of Biosciences and Applications, National Center for Scientific Research "Demokritos", Agia Paraskevi, 15341, Athens, Greece.
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Wilkinson H, Leonard H, Chen D, Lawrence T, Robson M, Goossens P, McVey JH, Dorling A. PAR-1 signaling on macrophages is required for effective in vivo delayed-type hypersensitivity responses. iScience 2021; 24:101981. [PMID: 33458623 PMCID: PMC7797913 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2020.101981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2020] [Revised: 11/13/2020] [Accepted: 12/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Delayed-type hypersensitivity (DTH) responses underpin chronic inflammation. Using a model of oxazolone-induced dermatitis and a combination of transgenic mice, adoptive cell transfer, and selective agonists/antagonists against protease activated receptors, we show that that PAR-1 signaling on macrophages by thrombin is required for effective granuloma formation. Using BM-derived macrophages (BMMs) in vitro, we show that thrombin signaling induced (a) downregulation of cell membrane reverse cholesterol transporter ABCA1 and (b) increased expression of IFNγ receptor and enhanced co-localization within increased areas of cholesterol-rich membrane microdomains. These two key phenotypic changes combined to make thrombin-primed BMMs sensitive to M1 polarization by 1000-fold less IFNγ, compared to resting BMMs. We confirm that changes in ABCA1 expression were directly responsible for the exquisite sensitivity to IFNγ in vitro and for the impact on granuloma formation in vivo. These data indicate that PAR-1 signaling plays a hitherto unrecognized and critical role in DTH responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannah Wilkinson
- Department of Inflammation Biology, School of Immunology & Microbial Sciences, King's College London, Guy's Hospital, London SE1 9RT, UK
| | - Hugh Leonard
- Department of Inflammation Biology, School of Immunology & Microbial Sciences, King's College London, Guy's Hospital, London SE1 9RT, UK
| | - Daxin Chen
- Department of Inflammation Biology, School of Immunology & Microbial Sciences, King's College London, Guy's Hospital, London SE1 9RT, UK
| | - Toby Lawrence
- Centre for Inflammation Biology and Cancer Immunology, School of Immunology & Microbial Sciences, King's College London, London SE1 9RT, UK
| | - Michael Robson
- Department of Inflammation Biology, School of Immunology & Microbial Sciences, King's College London, Guy's Hospital, London SE1 9RT, UK
| | - Pieter Goossens
- Department of Pathology, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht (CARIM), Maastricht University, 6229HX Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - John H McVey
- School of Bioscience & Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford GU2 7XH, UK
| | - Anthony Dorling
- Department of Inflammation Biology, School of Immunology & Microbial Sciences, King's College London, Guy's Hospital, London SE1 9RT, UK
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Hafiane A, Pisaturo A, Ronca A, Incerti M, Kiss RS, Favari E. Probucol treatment is associated with an ABCA1-independent mechanism of cholesterol efflux to lipid poor apolipoproteins from foam cell macrophages. BBA ADVANCES 2021; 1:100003. [PMID: 37082009 PMCID: PMC10074979 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadva.2021.100003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective Probucol is a cholesterol-lowering agent whose ability to prevent atherosclerosis is currently under study. Herein, we investigate the putative mechanism of probucol by observation of changes in cellular cholesterol efflux and lipid droplet morphology in macrophages. Results The inhibitory activity of probucol was assessed in non-foam or foam cell macrophages expressing ABCA1 generated by treatment with fetal calf serum (FCS) alone or in combination with acetylated LDL, respectively. Probucol inhibited cholesterol efflux to apolipoprotein A-I (apoA-I) by 31.5±0.1% in THP-1 non-foam cells and by 18.5±0.2% in foam cells. In probucol-treated non-foam THP-1 cells, nascent high density lipoprotein (nHDL) particles with a diameter < 7 nm were generated, while in probucol-treated THP-1 foam cells nHDL particles of > 7 nm in diameter containing cholesterol were produced. Foam cells also displayed a significant accumulation of free cholesterol at the plasma membrane, as measured by percent cholestenone formed. Intracellularly, there was a significant decrease in lipid droplet number and an increase in size in probucol-treated THP-1 foam cells when compared to non-treated cells. Conclusions We report for the first time that probucol is unable to completely inhibit cholesterol efflux in foam cells to the same extent as in non-foam cells. Indeed, functional nHDL is released from foam cells in the presence of probucol. This difference in inhibitory effect could potentially be explained by changes in the plasma membrane pool as well as intracellular cholesterol storage independently of ABCA1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anouar Hafiane
- Research Institute, McGill University Health Center, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Corresponding author at: Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre. 1001 boul Decarie, Montreal, Québec H3A 1A1, Canada.
| | | | | | | | - Robert S. Kiss
- Research Institute of the McGill University Health Center, Montreal, Canada and Department of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
| | - Elda Favari
- Department of Food and Drug, University of Parma, Italy
- Corresponding author at: Department of Food and Drug, University of Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze, 27/A, 43124 Parma, Italy.
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20
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Hafiane A, Daskalopoulou SS. Adiponectin's mechanisms in high-density lipoprotein biogenesis and cholesterol efflux. Metabolism 2020; 113:154393. [PMID: 33058851 DOI: 10.1016/j.metabol.2020.154393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2020] [Revised: 09/18/2020] [Accepted: 10/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
AIM Among adiponectin's beneficial properties is its ability to promote cellular cholesterol efflux, thereby generating high-density lipoprotein (HDL) particles. However, adiponectin's role in the regulation of macrophage lipid metabolism, a crucial process in atherogenesis, remains poorly investigated. The aim of this study was to characterize the adiponectin's role in HDL biogenesis. METHODS AND RESULTS We perform kinetics studies in baby hamster kidney (BHK) and Tamm-Horsfall protein 1 (THP-1) cell lines to elucidate adiponectin's role in HDL biogenesis. In cholesterol-enriched cells, specific molar doses of adiponectin stimulated cholesterol efflux with high efficiency to apoA-I. In the presence of adiponectin, BHK cells expressing ATP binding cassette transporter A1 (ABCA1) or ABCG1 generated lipidated particles having α electrophoretic mobility (α-HDL) and a molecular size of 7.5-20 nm. Interestingly, in THP-1 macrophages, cholesterol efflux was associated with more lipidated preβ1-HDL particles. Direct molecular interaction of adiponectin with apoA-I enhanced the affinity of apoA-I to free cholesterol and resulted in an increase in preβ1-HDL particles from plasma ex vivo. Adiponectin increased ABCA1 and ABCG1 protein expression and activated the formation of ABCA1-linked cholesterol oxidase sensitive plasma membrane domains. CONCLUSION Adiponectin upregulated ABCA1 and ABCG1 protein expression, reduced lipid accumulation, and efficiently promoted nascent HDL formation. These results highlight that these cellular processes are interconnected through adiponectin and ABCA1- and ABCG1-dependent. In this pathway, adiponectin increased the affinity of apoA-I to cholesterol and effectively accelerated cholesterol removal from the plasma membrane to HDL particles. Thus, by accelerating HDL biogenesis, adiponectin may have therapeutic potential for atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease prevention and management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anouar Hafiane
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, McGill University, 1001 Decarie Blvd, Bloc E01.3370H, Montréal, Qc H4A 3J1, Canada.
| | - Stella S Daskalopoulou
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, McGill University, 1001 Decarie Blvd, Bloc E01.3370H, Montréal, Qc H4A 3J1, Canada; Department of Medicine, Division of Internal Medicine, McGill University, Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, 1001 Decarie Blvd, EM1.2230, Montreal, Quebec H4A 3J1, Canada.
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21
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Vesicular ATP-binding cassette transporters in human disease: relevant aspects of their organization for future drug development. FUTURE DRUG DISCOVERY 2020. [DOI: 10.4155/fdd-2020-0025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
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22
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Wang D, Hiebl V, Schachner D, Ladurner A, Heiss EH, Atanasov AG, Dirsch VM. Soraphen A enhances macrophage cholesterol efflux via indirect LXR activation and ABCA1 upregulation. Biochem Pharmacol 2020; 177:114022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2020.114022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2020] [Accepted: 05/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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23
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Analysis of Low Molecular Weight Substances and Related Processes Influencing Cellular Cholesterol Efflux. Pharmaceut Med 2020; 33:465-498. [PMID: 31933239 PMCID: PMC7101889 DOI: 10.1007/s40290-019-00308-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Cholesterol efflux is the key process protecting the vascular system from the development of atherosclerotic lesions. Various extracellular and intracellular events affect the ability of the cell to efflux excess cholesterol. To explore the possible pathways and processes that promote or inhibit cholesterol efflux, we applied a combined cheminformatic and bioinformatic approach. We performed a comprehensive analysis of published data on the various substances influencing cholesterol efflux and found 153 low molecular weight substances that are included in the Chemical Entities of Biological Interest (ChEBI) database. Pathway enrichment was performed for substances identified within the Reactome database, and 45 substances were selected in 93 significant pathways. The most common pathways included the energy-dependent processes related to active cholesterol transport from the cell, lipoprotein metabolism and lipid transport, and signaling pathways. The activators and inhibitors of cholesterol efflux were non-uniformly distributed among the different pathways: the substances influencing ‘biological oxidations’ activate cholesterol efflux and the substances influencing ‘Signaling by GPCR and PTK6’ inhibit efflux. This analysis may be used in the search and design of efflux effectors for therapies targeting structural and functional high-density lipoprotein deficiency.
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24
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Schäfer-Somi S, Budik S. The ABCA1 blocking agent probucol decreases capacitation in ejaculated dog spermatozoa. Acta Vet Scand 2020; 62:2. [PMID: 31907058 PMCID: PMC6945687 DOI: 10.1186/s13028-019-0500-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2019] [Accepted: 12/23/2019] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The ATP binding cassette (ABC) transporters participate in the cholesterol and phospholipid transport within and through cell membranes of many cells including spermatozoa. Cholesterol efflux is important for capacitation of spermatozoa. ABCA1 expression has been assessed in canine spermatozoa previously but its role in capacitation still has to be determined. The aim of the study was to test whether inhibition of ABCA1 (1) decreases capacitation in ejaculated and epididymal canine sperm samples and (2) decreases cholesterol efflux in the same samples. Twenty-one ejaculates and sperm from 22 epididymal tails were collected from healthy dogs. Motility was measured by CASA and viability assessed after staining with SYBR-14/PI. Samples from ejaculated sperm and sperm from epididymal tails were aliquoted. One part was incubated with the ABCA1 inhibitor probucol, the other served as a negative control. In all samples, capacitation was evaluated by chlortetracyclin (CTC) assay and cholesterol was measured by cholesterol efflux assay and colorimetric enzymatic assay. RESULTS In ejaculated sperm, blockade of ABCA1 with 100 µM of probucol/mL of sample resulted in a significantly higher percentage of uncapacitated and acrosome reacted spermatozoa (P < 0.001 and P = 0.031), capacitation was significantly decreased (35% in probucol samples vs 54.2% in controls, P < 0.001). In probucol inhibited sperm samples from epididymal tails, the percentage of capacitated spermatozoa did not differ between groups but the percentage of acrosome reacted spermatozoa increased significantly (P = 0.014). The cholesterol measurement revealed significantly lower cholesterol concentration in the probucol group when compared to the controls (P = 0.035), however only in ejaculated sperm samples. CONCLUSIONS CTC assay and cholesterol measurement revealed significant differences between groups; we conclude that inhibition of ABCA1 significantly decreased capacitation and cholesterol efflux in ejaculated canine spermatozoa. The inhibition was not complete but ABCA1 is supposed to contribute to capacitation in canine ejaculated spermatozoa. ABCA1 is probably not important for capacitation of epididymal spermatozoa but might exert other functions during spermatozoa ripening.
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25
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Nakagawa S, Aruga J. Sphingosine 1-Phosphate Signaling Is Involved in Impaired Blood-Brain Barrier Function in Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury. Mol Neurobiol 2019; 57:1594-1606. [PMID: 31802363 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-019-01844-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2019] [Accepted: 11/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Sphingosine 1-phosphate (S1P) is a major bioactive lipid mediator in the vascular and immune system. Here, we have shown that inhibition of S1P signaling prevents blood-brain barrier (BBB) dysfunction after ischemia both in vitro and in vivo. In the in vitro BBB models, oxygen-glucose deprivation and reoxygenation (OGD/R) enhanced the expression of an S1P synthesizing enzyme (Sphk1) and S1P transporters (Abca1, Spns2), increasing S1P in culture media. Inhibitors of Sphk1 (SKI-II) or Abca1 (probucol) attenuated the decrease in transendothelial electrical resistance and the increase in permeability caused by OGD/R. In the middle cerebral artery occlusion and reperfusion (MCAO/R) model of mice, probucol administration after MCAO operation reduced the infarction area and vascular leakage, preserving the integrity of tight junction proteins. Furthermore, MCAO/R caused activation of STAT3, a downstream mediator of S1P signaling, which was suppressed by postoperative probucol administration. Accordingly, S1P activated STAT3, both in cultured vascular endothelial cells and pericytes, and STAT3 signaling inhibitor (Stattic) protected BBB dysfunction in OGD/R-treated in vitro BBB models. These results suggest that inhibition of S1P signaling is a strategy to treat BBB impairment after cerebral ischemia and highlight the potential alternative use of probucol, a classical anti-hyperlipidemic drug, for emergency treatment of stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shinsuke Nakagawa
- Department of Medical Pharmacology, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, 1-12-4 Sakamoto, Nagasaki, 852-8523, Japan.
| | - Jun Aruga
- Department of Medical Pharmacology, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, 1-12-4 Sakamoto, Nagasaki, 852-8523, Japan
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26
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Wu A, Grela E, Wójtowicz K, Filipczak N, Hamon Y, Luchowski R, Grudziński W, Raducka-Jaszul O, Gagoś M, Szczepaniak A, Chimini G, Gruszecki WI, Trombik T. ABCA1 transporter reduces amphotericin B cytotoxicity in mammalian cells. Cell Mol Life Sci 2019; 76:4979-4994. [PMID: 31134303 PMCID: PMC6881254 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-019-03154-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2019] [Revised: 05/07/2019] [Accepted: 05/16/2019] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Amphotericin B (AmB) belongs to a group of polyene antibiotics commonly used in the treatment of systemic mycotic infections. A widely accepted mechanism of action of AmB is based on the formation of an oligomeric pore structure within the plasma membrane (PM) by interaction with membrane sterols. Although AmB binds preferentially to ergosterol, it can also bind to cholesterol in the mammalian PM and cause severe cellular toxicity. The lipid content and its lateral organization at the cell PM appear to be significant for AmB binding. Several ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporters, including ABCA1, play a crucial role in lipid translocation, cholesterol redistribution and efflux. Here, we demonstrate that cells expressing ABCA1 are more resistant to AmB treatment, while cells lacking ABCA1 expression or expressing non-active ABCA1MM mutant display increased sensitivity. Further, a FLIM analysis of AmB-treated cells reveals a fraction of the antibiotic molecules, characterized by relatively high fluorescence lifetimes (> 6 ns), involved in formation of bulk cholesterol-AmB structures at the surface of ABCA1-expressing cells. Finally, lowering the cellular cholesterol content abolishes resistance of ABCA1-expressing cells to AmB. Therefore, we propose that ABCA1-mediated cholesterol efflux from cells induces formation of bulk cholesterol-AmB structures at the cell surface, preventing AmB cytotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Wu
- Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Wroclaw, 50-383, Wrocław, Poland
| | - E Grela
- Department of Biophysics, Institute of Physics, Maria Curie-Sklodowska University, 20-031, Lublin, Poland
| | - K Wójtowicz
- Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Wroclaw, 50-383, Wrocław, Poland
| | - N Filipczak
- Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Wroclaw, 50-383, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Y Hamon
- Aix Marseille University, CNRS, INSERM, CIML, Marseille, France
| | - R Luchowski
- Department of Biophysics, Institute of Physics, Maria Curie-Sklodowska University, 20-031, Lublin, Poland
| | - W Grudziński
- Department of Biophysics, Institute of Physics, Maria Curie-Sklodowska University, 20-031, Lublin, Poland
| | - O Raducka-Jaszul
- Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Wroclaw, 50-383, Wrocław, Poland
| | - M Gagoś
- Department of Cell Biology, Maria Curie-Skłodowska University, 20-033, Lublin, Poland
| | - A Szczepaniak
- Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Wroclaw, 50-383, Wrocław, Poland
| | - G Chimini
- Aix Marseille University, CNRS, INSERM, CIML, Marseille, France
| | - W I Gruszecki
- Department of Biophysics, Institute of Physics, Maria Curie-Sklodowska University, 20-031, Lublin, Poland
| | - T Trombik
- Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Wroclaw, 50-383, Wrocław, Poland.
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27
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Vondra S, Kunihs V, Eberhart T, Eigner K, Bauer R, Haslinger P, Haider S, Windsperger K, Klambauer G, Schütz B, Mikula M, Zhu X, Urban AE, Hannibal RL, Baker J, Knöfler M, Stangl H, Pollheimer J, Röhrl C. Metabolism of cholesterol and progesterone is differentially regulated in primary trophoblastic subtypes and might be disturbed in recurrent miscarriages. J Lipid Res 2019; 60:1922-1934. [PMID: 31530576 PMCID: PMC6824492 DOI: 10.1194/jlr.p093427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2019] [Revised: 08/12/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
During pregnancy, extravillous trophoblasts (EVTs) invade the maternal decidua and remodel the local vasculature to establish blood supply for the growing fetus. Compromised EVT function has been linked to aberrant pregnancy associated with maternal and fetal morbidity and mortality. However, metabolic features of this invasive trophoblast subtype are largely unknown. Using primary human trophoblasts isolated from first trimester placental tissues, we show that cellular cholesterol homeostasis is differentially regulated in EVTs compared with villous cytotrophoblasts. Utilizing RNA-sequencing, gene set-enrichment analysis, and functional validation, we provide evidence that EVTs display increased levels of free and esterified cholesterol. Accordingly, EVTs are characterized by increased expression of the HDL-receptor, scavenger receptor class B type I, and reduced expression of the LXR and its target genes. We further reveal that EVTs express elevated levels of hydroxy-delta-5-steroid dehydrogenase 3 beta- and steroid delta-isomerase 1 (HSD3B1) (a rate-limiting enzyme in progesterone synthesis) and are capable of secreting progesterone. Increasing cholesterol export by LXR activation reduced progesterone secretion in an ABCA1-dependent manner. Importantly, HSD3B1 expression was decreased in EVTs of idiopathic recurrent spontaneous abortions, pointing toward compromised progesterone metabolism in EVTs of early miscarriages. Here, we provide insights into the regulation of cholesterol and progesterone metabolism in trophoblastic subtypes and its putative relevance in human miscarriage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sigrid Vondra
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Reproductive Biology Unit, Center for Pathobiochemistry and Genetics, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Victoria Kunihs
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Reproductive Biology Unit, Center for Pathobiochemistry and Genetics, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Tanja Eberhart
- Departments of Medical Chemistry Center for Pathobiochemistry and Genetics, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Karin Eigner
- Departments of Medical Chemistry Center for Pathobiochemistry and Genetics, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Raimund Bauer
- Departments of Medical Chemistry Center for Pathobiochemistry and Genetics, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Peter Haslinger
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Reproductive Biology Unit, Center for Pathobiochemistry and Genetics, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Sandra Haider
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Reproductive Biology Unit, Center for Pathobiochemistry and Genetics, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Karin Windsperger
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Reproductive Biology Unit, Center for Pathobiochemistry and Genetics, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Günter Klambauer
- Institute of Machine Learning,Johannes Kepler University Linz, Linz, Austria
| | - Birgit Schütz
- Medical Genetics, Center for Pathobiochemistry and Genetics, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Mario Mikula
- Medical Genetics, Center for Pathobiochemistry and Genetics, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Xiaowei Zhu
- Departments of PsychiatryStanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA,Genetics,Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA
| | - Alexander E. Urban
- Departments of PsychiatryStanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA,Genetics,Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA
| | | | - Julie Baker
- Genetics,Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA
| | - Martin Knöfler
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Reproductive Biology Unit, Center for Pathobiochemistry and Genetics, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Herbert Stangl
- Departments of Medical Chemistry Center for Pathobiochemistry and Genetics, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Jürgen Pollheimer
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Reproductive Biology Unit, Center for Pathobiochemistry and Genetics, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria,To whom correspondence should be addressed. e-mail: (C.R.); (J.P.)
| | - Clemens Röhrl
- Departments of Medical Chemistry Center for Pathobiochemistry and Genetics, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria,University of Applied Sciences Upper Austria, Wels, Austria,To whom correspondence should be addressed. e-mail: (C.R.); (J.P.)
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Abstract
The reduction of plasma apolipoprotein B (apoB) containing lipoproteins has long been pursued as the main modifiable risk factor for the development of cardiovascular disease (CVD). This has led to an intense search for strategies aiming at reducing plasma apoB-lipoproteins, culminating in reduction of overall CV risk. Despite 3 decades of progress, CVD remains the leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide and, as such, new therapeutic targets are still warranted. Clinical and preclinical research has moved forward from the original concept, under which some lipids must be accumulated and other removed to achieve the ideal condition in disease prevention, into the concept that mechanisms that orchestrate lipid movement between lipoproteins, cells and organelles is equally involved in CVD. As such, this review scrutinizes potentially atherogenic changes in lipid trafficking and assesses the molecular mechanisms behind it. New developments in risk assessment and new targets for the mitigation of residual CVD risk are also addressed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrei C Sposito
- Atherosclerosis and Vascular Biology Laboratory (Aterolab), State University of Campinas (Unicamp), São Paulo, Brazil.
| | | | - Joaquim Barreto
- Atherosclerosis and Vascular Biology Laboratory (Aterolab), State University of Campinas (Unicamp), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Ilaria Zanotti
- Department of Food and Drug, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
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29
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Rexrode NR, Orien J, King MD. Effects of Solvent Stabilization on Pharmaceutical Crystallization: Investigating Conformational Polymorphism of Probucol Using Combined Solid-State Density Functional Theory, Molecular Dynamics, and Terahertz Spectroscopy. J Phys Chem A 2019; 123:6937-6947. [PMID: 31099570 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.9b00792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Solid-state density functional theory (DFT), molecular dynamics (MD), and terahertz (THz) spectroscopy were used to study the formation of enantiotropically related conformational Form I and Form II polymorphs of the pharmaceutical compound, probucol. DFT calculations were performed on the crystal systems to compare relative lattice energies and the solvent stabilization of the metastable Form II structure. The thermodynamics of solvent inclusion in the Form II·MeOH crystal system were determined from MD simulations, as was the favored conformation of molecular probucol in methanol and ethanol solutions. The findings from both solid-state DFT and MD calculations suggest that the preferred molecular orientations of the probucol molecule in solution and the probable inclusion of methanol in the crystal lattice during the crystallization process lead to the solvent selectivity of the probucol polymorph formation. The additional stabilization energy provided by the crystallization solvent facilitates the nucleation and growth of the Form II polymorph under conditions that favor this metastable crystal form over the thermodynamically stable Form I, despite the higher energy molecular and crystalline configurations of probucol Form II. We demonstrate the influence of solvent on the formation of pharmaceutical polymorphs and provide a molecular-level view of complex interactions leading to polymorphism using a combination of computational methods and THz spectral data.
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30
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ABCA1 Agonist Mimetic Peptide CS-6253 Induces Microparticles Release From Different Cell Types by ABCA1-Efflux-Dependent Mechanism. Can J Cardiol 2019; 35:770-781. [PMID: 31151713 DOI: 10.1016/j.cjca.2019.02.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2018] [Revised: 02/18/2019] [Accepted: 02/18/2019] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Small peptides based on the C-terminal domain of apo E have recently been proposed as ATP-binding cassette transporter A1 (ABCA1) agonist with therapeutic potential. Previous work has shown that a novel synthetic peptide, CS-6253, acts synergistically with apolipoprotein A-I or alone to generate high-density lipoprotein (HDL) particles; we have also shown that cells can release microparticles (50-350 nm in apparent diameter) in an ABCA1- and apolipoprotein A-I-dependent manner. The purpose of this study was to explore the ability of a novel synthetic peptide CS-6253 to induce microparticle release from various cell lines in the process of HDL biogenesis. METHODS The effects of CS-6253 on microparticle formation through the ABCA1 transporter were examined in vitro using cell-based systems and pharmacologic manipulations. RESULTS In cell-based systems combined with fast performance liquid chromatography and nano-sight-tracking analysis, we show that ABCA1 and CS-6253 mediate and increase the production of microparticles containing cholesterol. CS-6253 in baby hamster kidney cells not expressing ABCA1 (baby hamster kidney mock cells) did not alter cholesterol removal across the plasma membrane in the absence of ABCA1 expression even at high concentrations. We report that CS-6253 is not cytotoxic. CONCLUSIONS The present study shows that CS-6253 generates cholesterol containing microparticles with size heterogeneity (100-350 nm) in an ABCA1-dependent manner. We show that microparticles contribute to cell cholesterol efflux from monocyte-macrophage cells. At high doses, CS-6253 is not able to extract cholesterol from cells not expressing ABCA1, indicating that CS-6253 requires ABCA1 cooperation for cholesterol mobilization. We conclude that CS-6253 is an ABCA1 agonist peptide that promotes cellular cholesterol efflux through HDL biogenesis and microparticle formation.
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Suzuki H, Kume A, Herbas MS. Potential of Vitamin E Deficiency, Induced by Inhibition of α-Tocopherol Efflux, in Murine Malaria Infection. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 20:ijms20010064. [PMID: 30586912 PMCID: PMC6337606 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20010064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2018] [Revised: 12/19/2018] [Accepted: 12/21/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Although epidemiological and experimental studies have suggested beneficial effects of vitamin E deficiency on malaria infection, it has not been clinically applicable for the treatment of malaria owing to the significant content of vitamin E in our daily food. However, since α-tocopherol transfer protein (α-TTP) has been shown to be a determinant of vitamin E level in circulation, manipulation of α-tocopherol levels by α-TTP inhibition was considered as a potential therapeutic strategy for malaria. Knockout studies in mice indicated that inhibition of α-TTP confers resistance against malaria infections in murines, accompanied by oxidative stress-induced DNA damage in the parasite, arising from vitamin E deficiency. Combination therapy with chloroquine and α-TTP inhibition significantly improved the survival rates in murines with malaria. Thus, clinical application of α-tocopherol deficiency could be possible, provided that α-tocopherol concentration in circulation is reduced. Probucol, a recently found drug, induced α-tocopherol deficiency in circulation and was effective against murine malaria. Currently, treatment of malaria relies on the artemisinin-based combination therapy (ACT); however, when mice infected with malarial parasites were treated with probucol and dihydroartemisinin, the beneficial effect of ACT was pronounced. Protective effects of vitamin E deficiency might be extended to manage other parasites in future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroshi Suzuki
- Research Unit for Functional Genomics, National Research Center for Protozoan Diseases, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Nishi 2-13, Inada, Obihiro 080-8555, Japan.
- The United Graduate School of Veterinary Sciences, Gifu University, Gifu 501-1193, Japan.
| | - Aiko Kume
- Research Unit for Functional Genomics, National Research Center for Protozoan Diseases, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Nishi 2-13, Inada, Obihiro 080-8555, Japan.
| | - Maria Shirely Herbas
- Research Unit for Functional Genomics, National Research Center for Protozoan Diseases, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Nishi 2-13, Inada, Obihiro 080-8555, Japan.
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Shichiri M, Ishida N, Hagihara Y, Yoshida Y, Kume A, Suzuki H. Probucol induces the generation of lipid peroxidation products in erythrocytes and plasma of male cynomolgus macaques. J Clin Biochem Nutr 2018; 64:129-142. [PMID: 30936625 PMCID: PMC6436040 DOI: 10.3164/jcbn.18-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2018] [Accepted: 08/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
We previously reported that probucol, a lipid lowering agent, protected mice from malaria infection via depletion in plasma α-tocopherol. The antioxidant α-tocopherol in host circulation is necessary for the malaria parasites to protect themselves from oxidative stress in erythrocytes where high amounts of reactive oxygen species are generated. To assess the potential for the clinical application of probucol as an anti-malarial therapy, it was necessary to determine the effects of probucol by using primate experiments. Here we verified that probucol induces an α-tocopherol decrement in cynomolgus macaque erythrocytes and plasma. After 2 weeks of probucol administration at doses of 200 or 400 mg/kg/day, the α-tocopherol contents in erythrocytes tended to decrease. The contents of hydroxyoctadecadienoic acids and 7β-hydroxycholesterol, peroxidation products derived from linoleic acid and cholesterol, respectively, increased in erythrocytes. On the other hand, plasma α-tocopherol concentration showed a marginal decrement. Plasma lipid peroxidation products were transiently increased in the early stages of probucol administration. No adverse effects were observed throughout the experiment, although the dosage of probucol was higher than the clinical maximum dosage. Considering that malaria proliferates in erythrocytes, probucol-induced disruption of redox homeostasis in erythrocytes could be effective in the inhibition of parasite proliferation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mototada Shichiri
- Biomedical Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), 1-8-31 Midorigaoka, Ikeda, Osaka 563-8577, Japan.,DBT-AIST International Laboratory for Advanced Biomedicine (DAILAB), 1-1-1 Higashi, Tsukuba-shi, Ibaraki 305-8562, Japan
| | - Noriko Ishida
- Biomedical Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), 1-8-31 Midorigaoka, Ikeda, Osaka 563-8577, Japan
| | - Yoshihisa Hagihara
- Biomedical Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), 1-8-31 Midorigaoka, Ikeda, Osaka 563-8577, Japan
| | - Yasukazu Yoshida
- Health Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), 2217-14 Hayashi-cho, Takamatsu, Kagawa 761-0395, Japan
| | - Aiko Kume
- Research Unit for Functional Genomics, National Research Center for Protozoan Diseases, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Nishi 2-13, Inada-cho, Obihiro, Hokkaido 080-5555, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Suzuki
- Research Unit for Functional Genomics, National Research Center for Protozoan Diseases, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Nishi 2-13, Inada-cho, Obihiro, Hokkaido 080-5555, Japan
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Cholesteryl ester transfer protein: An enigmatic pharmacology – Antagonists and agonists. Atherosclerosis 2018; 278:286-298. [DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2018.09.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2018] [Revised: 09/04/2018] [Accepted: 09/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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van der Sluis RJ, Verwilligen RAF, Lendvai Z, Wever R, Hoekstra M, Van Eck M. HDL is essential for atherosclerotic lesion regression in Apoe knockout mice by bone marrow Apoe reconstitution. Atherosclerosis 2018; 278:240-249. [PMID: 30340108 DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2018.09.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2018] [Revised: 09/05/2018] [Accepted: 09/26/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Although studies in mice have suggested that lesion regression is feasible, the underlying mechanisms remain largely unknown. Here we determined the impact of high-density lipoprotein (HDL) on atherosclerosis regression outcome. METHODS Atherosclerotic lesion dynamics were studied upon bone marrow transplantation-mediated re-introduction of apolipoprotein E (Apoe) in Apoe knockout mice. Probucol was used to pharmacologically deplete HDL. RESULTS Restoration of Apoe function was associated with an initial growth of atherosclerotic lesions and parallel decrease in lesional macrophage foam cell content (47 ± 4% at 4 weeks versus 72 ± 2% at baseline: p < 0.001), despite the fact that cholesterol levels were markedly reduced. Notably, significant lesion regression was detected from 4 weeks onwards, when plasma cholesterol levels had returned to the normolipidemic range. As a result, lesions were 41% smaller (p < 0.05) at 8 weeks than at 4 weeks after bone marrow transplantation. Regressed lesions contained an even lower level of macrophage foam cells (33 ± 5%: p < 0.001) and were rich in collagen. Probucol co-treatment was associated with a 3.2-fold lower (p < 0.05) plasma HDL-cholesterol level and a more pro-inflammatory (CCR2+) monocyte phenotype. Importantly, probucol-treated mice exhibited atherosclerotic lesions that were larger than those of regular chow diet-fed bone marrow transplanted mice at 8 weeks (186 ± 15*103 μm2 for probucol-treated versus 120 ± 19*103 μm2 for controls: p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS We have shown that probucol-induced HDL deficiency impairs the ability of established lesions to regress in response to reversal of the genetic hypercholesterolemia in Apoe knockout mice. Our studies thus highlight a crucial role for HDL in the process of atherosclerosis regression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ronald J van der Sluis
- Division of BioTherapeutics, Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research, Leiden, the Netherlands.
| | - Robin A F Verwilligen
- Division of BioTherapeutics, Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Zsuzsanna Lendvai
- Division of BioTherapeutics, Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Robbert Wever
- Division of BioTherapeutics, Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Menno Hoekstra
- Division of BioTherapeutics, Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Miranda Van Eck
- Division of BioTherapeutics, Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research, Leiden, the Netherlands
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Anastasius M, Luquain-Costaz C, Kockx M, Jessup W, Kritharides L. A critical appraisal of the measurement of serum 'cholesterol efflux capacity' and its use as surrogate marker of risk of cardiovascular disease. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Biol Lipids 2018; 1863:1257-1273. [PMID: 30305243 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbalip.2018.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2018] [Revised: 08/02/2018] [Accepted: 08/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The 'cholesterol efflux capacity (CEC)' assay is a simple in vitro measure of the capacities of individual sera to promote the first step of the reverse cholesterol transport pathway, the delivery of cellular cholesterol to plasma HDL. This review describes the cell biology of this model and critically assesses its application as a marker of cardiovascular risk. We describe the pathways for cell cholesterol export, current cell models used in the CEC assay with their limitations and consider the contribution that measurement of serum CEC provides to our understanding of HDL function in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Malcolm Anastasius
- ANZAC Research Institute, Concord Repatriation General Hospital, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | | | - Maaike Kockx
- ANZAC Research Institute, Concord Repatriation General Hospital, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Wendy Jessup
- ANZAC Research Institute, Concord Repatriation General Hospital, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Leonard Kritharides
- ANZAC Research Institute, Concord Repatriation General Hospital, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia; Cardiology Department, Concord Repatriation General Hospital, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia.
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Intini C, Elviri L, Cabral J, Mros S, Bergonzi C, Bianchera A, Flammini L, Govoni P, Barocelli E, Bettini R, McConnell M. 3D-printed chitosan-based scaffolds: An in vitro study of human skin cell growth and an in-vivo wound healing evaluation in experimental diabetes in rats. Carbohydr Polym 2018; 199:593-602. [PMID: 30143167 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2018.07.057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 109] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2018] [Revised: 06/09/2018] [Accepted: 07/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The fabrication of porous 3D printed chitosan (CH) scaffolds for skin tissue regeneration and their behavior in terms of biocompatibility, cytocompatibility and toxicity toward human fibroblasts (Nhdf) and keratinocytes (HaCaT), are presented and discussed. 3D cell cultures achieved after 20 and 35 days of incubation showed significant in vitro qualitative and quantitative cell growth as measured by neutral red staining and MTT assays and confirmed by scanning electron microphotographs. The best cell growth was obtained after 35 days on 3D scaffolds when the Nhdf and HaCaT cells, seeded together, filled the pores in the scaffolds. An early skin-like layer consisting of a mass of fibroblast and keratinocyte cells growing together was observed. The tests of 3D printed scaffolds in wound healing carried out on streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats demonstrate that 3D printed scaffolds improve the quality of the restored tissue with respect to both commercial patch and spontaneous healing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudio Intini
- Food and Drug Department, University of Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze 27/A, 43124, Parma, Italy; Department of Microbiology & Immunology, University of Otago, Dunedin 9054, New Zealand
| | - Lisa Elviri
- Food and Drug Department, University of Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze 27/A, 43124, Parma, Italy.
| | - Jaydee Cabral
- Department of Chemistry, University of Otago, Dunedin 9054, New Zealand
| | - Sonya Mros
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, University of Otago, Dunedin 9054, New Zealand
| | - Carlo Bergonzi
- Food and Drug Department, University of Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze 27/A, 43124, Parma, Italy
| | - Annalisa Bianchera
- Biopharmanet TEC, University of Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze 27/A, 43124, Parma, Italy
| | - Lisa Flammini
- Food and Drug Department, University of Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze 27/A, 43124, Parma, Italy
| | - Paolo Govoni
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, 43124, Parma, Italy
| | - Elisabetta Barocelli
- Food and Drug Department, University of Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze 27/A, 43124, Parma, Italy
| | - Ruggero Bettini
- Food and Drug Department, University of Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze 27/A, 43124, Parma, Italy
| | - Michelle McConnell
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, University of Otago, Dunedin 9054, New Zealand
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Wang D, Hiebl V, Ladurner A, Latkolik SL, Bucar F, Heiß EH, Dirsch VM, Atanasov AG. 6-Dihydroparadol, a Ginger Constituent, Enhances Cholesterol Efflux from THP-1-Derived Macrophages. Mol Nutr Food Res 2018; 62:e1800011. [PMID: 29802792 PMCID: PMC6099374 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.201800011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2018] [Revised: 04/24/2018] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
SCOPE Ginger is reported to be used for the prevention and treatment of cardiovascular diseases (CVD). Cholesterol efflux from macrophage foam cells is an important process in reverse cholesterol transport, whose increase may help to prevent or treat CVD. In this study, we investigated the effects of 6-dihydroparadol from ginger on macrophage cholesterol efflux. METHODS AND RESULTS We show that 6-dihydroparadol concentration-dependently enhances both apolipoprotein A1- and human plasma-mediated cholesterol efflux from cholesterol-loaded THP-1-derived macrophages using macrophage cholesterol efflux assay. 6-Dihydroparadol increases protein levels of both ATP-binding cassette transporters A1 and G1 (ATP-binding cassette transporter A1 [ABCA1] and ATP-binding cassette transporter G1 [ABCG1]) according to Western blot analysis. The ABCA1 inhibitor probucol completely abolishes 6-dihydroparadol-enhanced cholesterol efflux. Furthermore, increased ABCA1 protein levels in the presence of 6-dihydroparadol were associated with both increased ABCA1 mRNA levels and increased ABCA1 protein stability. Enhanced ABCG1 protein levels were only associated with increased protein stability. Increased ABCA1 protein stability appeared to be the result of a reduced proteasomal degradation of the transporter in the presence of 6-dihydroparadol. CONCLUSION We identified 6-dihydroparadol from ginger as a novel promoter of cholesterol efflux from macrophages that increases both ABCA1 and ABCG1 protein abundance. This newly identified bioactivity might contribute to the antiatherogenic effects of ginger.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongdong Wang
- Department of PharmacognosyUniversity of ViennaAlthanstrasse 141090ViennaAustria
- Institute of Genetics and Animal Breeding of the Polish Academy of Sciencesul. Postepu 36A05–552JastrzebiecPoland
- Institute of Clinical ChemistryUniversity Hospital ZurichUniversity of ZurichWagistrasse 148952SchlierenSwitzerland
| | - Verena Hiebl
- Department of PharmacognosyUniversity of ViennaAlthanstrasse 141090ViennaAustria
| | - Angela Ladurner
- Department of PharmacognosyUniversity of ViennaAlthanstrasse 141090ViennaAustria
| | - Simone L. Latkolik
- Department of PharmacognosyUniversity of ViennaAlthanstrasse 141090ViennaAustria
| | - Franz Bucar
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Institute of Pharmaceutical SciencesUniversity of Graz8010GrazAustria
| | - Elke H. Heiß
- Department of PharmacognosyUniversity of ViennaAlthanstrasse 141090ViennaAustria
| | - Verena M. Dirsch
- Department of PharmacognosyUniversity of ViennaAlthanstrasse 141090ViennaAustria
| | - Atanas G. Atanasov
- Department of PharmacognosyUniversity of ViennaAlthanstrasse 141090ViennaAustria
- Institute of Genetics and Animal Breeding of the Polish Academy of Sciencesul. Postepu 36A05–552JastrzebiecPoland
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Jin X, Dimitriadis EK, Liu Y, Combs CA, Chang J, Varsano N, Stempinski E, Flores R, Jackson SN, Muller L, Woods AS, Addadi L, Kruth HS. Macrophages Shed Excess Cholesterol in Unique Extracellular Structures Containing Cholesterol Microdomains. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2018; 38:1504-1518. [PMID: 29853567 PMCID: PMC6023747 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.118.311269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2018] [Accepted: 05/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Supplemental Digital Content is available in the text. Objective— Cells use various mechanisms to maintain cellular cholesterol homeostasis including efflux of cholesterol from the cellular plasma membrane to cholesterol acceptors such as HDLs (high-density lipoproteins). Little is known about the transfer of cholesterol from cells into the extracellular matrix. Using a unique monoclonal antibody that detects ordered cholesterol arrays (ie, cholesterol micro[or nano]-domains), we previously identified that particles containing these cholesterol domains accumulate in the extracellular matrix during cholesterol enrichment of human monocyte-derived macrophages and are found in atherosclerotic lesions. In this study, we further investigate these deposited particles containing cholesterol microdomains and discover their unexpected morphology. Approach and Results— Although appearing spherical at the resolution of the conventional fluorescence microscope, super-resolution immunofluorescence and atomic force microscopy of in situ cholesterol microdomains, and immunoelectron microscopy of isolated cholesterol microdomains revealed that the microdomains are not vesicles or 3-dimensional crystals but rather appear as branching irregularly shaped deposits of varying size. These cholesterol microdomain-containing deposits are shed from the plasma membrane into the extracellular matrix. Conclusions— To date, research on cellular excretion of excess cholesterol has demonstrated cellular cholesterol efflux in the form of membranous vesicles and discoidal HDL particles released into the fluid-phase medium. Shedding of plasma membrane cholesterol microdomains provides an additional mechanism for cells such as macrophages to maintain plasma membrane cholesterol homeostasis. Furthermore, recognition that macrophages shed cholesterol microdomains into the extracellular matrix is important to our understanding of extracellular buildup of cholesterol in atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xueting Jin
- From the Experimental Atherosclerosis Section, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (X.J., Y.L., J.C., R.F., H.S.K.)
| | - Emilios K Dimitriadis
- Scanning Probe Microscopy Unit, National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering (E.K.D.)
| | - Ying Liu
- From the Experimental Atherosclerosis Section, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (X.J., Y.L., J.C., R.F., H.S.K.)
| | - Christian A Combs
- Light Microscopy Core, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (C.A.C.)
| | - Janet Chang
- From the Experimental Atherosclerosis Section, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (X.J., Y.L., J.C., R.F., H.S.K.)
| | - Neta Varsano
- Department of Structural Biology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel (N.V., L.A.)
| | - Erin Stempinski
- Electron Microscopy Core, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (E.S.)
| | - Rhonda Flores
- From the Experimental Atherosclerosis Section, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (X.J., Y.L., J.C., R.F., H.S.K.)
| | - Shelley N Jackson
- Structural Biology Core, National Institute of Drug Abuse (S.N.J., L.M., A.S.W.), National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD
| | - Ludovic Muller
- Structural Biology Core, National Institute of Drug Abuse (S.N.J., L.M., A.S.W.), National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD
| | - Amina S Woods
- Structural Biology Core, National Institute of Drug Abuse (S.N.J., L.M., A.S.W.), National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD
| | - Lia Addadi
- Department of Structural Biology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel (N.V., L.A.)
| | - Howard S Kruth
- From the Experimental Atherosclerosis Section, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (X.J., Y.L., J.C., R.F., H.S.K.)
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Khan S, Khan FI, Mohammad T, Khan P, Hasan GM, Lobb KA, Islam A, Ahmad F, Imtaiyaz Hassan M. Exploring molecular insights into the interaction mechanism of cholesterol derivatives with the Mce4A: A combined spectroscopic and molecular dynamic simulation studies. Int J Biol Macromol 2018; 111:548-560. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2017.12.160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2017] [Revised: 11/16/2017] [Accepted: 12/30/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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May-Zhang LS, Yermalitsky V, Huang J, Pleasent T, Borja MS, Oda MN, Jerome WG, Yancey PG, Linton MF, Davies SS. Modification by isolevuglandins, highly reactive γ-ketoaldehydes, deleteriously alters high-density lipoprotein structure and function. J Biol Chem 2018; 293:9176-9187. [PMID: 29712723 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra117.001099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2017] [Revised: 03/30/2018] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease risk depends on high-density lipoprotein (HDL) function, not HDL-cholesterol. Isolevuglandins (IsoLGs) are lipid dicarbonyls that react with lysine residues of proteins and phosphatidylethanolamine. IsoLG adducts are elevated in atherosclerosis. The consequences of IsoLG modification of HDL have not been studied. We hypothesized that IsoLG modification of apoA-I deleteriously alters HDL function. We determined the effect of IsoLG on HDL structure-function and whether pentylpyridoxamine (PPM), a dicarbonyl scavenger, can preserve HDL function. IsoLG adducts in HDL derived from patients with familial hypercholesterolemia (n = 10, 233.4 ± 158.3 ng/mg) were found to be significantly higher than in healthy controls (n = 7, 90.1 ± 33.4 pg/mg protein). Further, HDL exposed to myeloperoxidase had elevated IsoLG-lysine adducts (5.7 ng/mg protein) compared with unexposed HDL (0.5 ng/mg protein). Preincubation with PPM reduced IsoLG-lysine adducts by 67%, whereas its inactive analogue pentylpyridoxine did not. The addition of IsoLG produced apoA-I and apoA-II cross-links beginning at 0.3 molar eq of IsoLG/mol of apoA-I (0.3 eq), whereas succinylaldehyde and 4-hydroxynonenal required 10 and 30 eq. IsoLG increased HDL size, generating a subpopulation of 16-23 nm. 1 eq of IsoLG decreased HDL-mediated [3H]cholesterol efflux from macrophages via ABCA1, which corresponded to a decrease in HDL-apoA-I exchange from 47.4% to only 24.8%. This suggests that IsoLG inhibits apoA-I from disassociating from HDL to interact with ABCA1. The addition of 0.3 eq of IsoLG ablated HDL's ability to inhibit LPS-stimulated cytokine expression by macrophages and increased IL-1β expression by 3.5-fold. The structural-functional effects were partially rescued with PPM scavenging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linda S May-Zhang
- From the Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37232-6602
| | - Valery Yermalitsky
- From the Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37232-6602
| | - Jiansheng Huang
- the Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, and
| | | | - Mark S Borja
- the Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, California State University East Bay, Hayward, California 94542, and
| | - Michael N Oda
- the Children's Hospital Oakland Research Institute, Oakland, California 94609
| | - W Gray Jerome
- the Department of Pathology, Vanderbilt Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee 37232
| | - Patricia G Yancey
- the Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, and
| | - MacRae F Linton
- From the Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37232-6602.,the Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, and
| | - Sean S Davies
- From the Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37232-6602,
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Phillips MC. Is ABCA1 a lipid transfer protein? J Lipid Res 2018; 59:749-763. [PMID: 29305383 DOI: 10.1194/jlr.r082313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2017] [Revised: 01/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
ABCA1 functions as a lipid transporter because it mediates the transfer of cellular phospholipid (PL) and free (unesterified) cholesterol (FC) to apoA-I and related proteins present in the extracellular medium. ABCA1 is a membrane PL translocase and its enzymatic activity leads to transfer of PL molecules from the cytoplasmic leaflet to the exofacial leaflet of a cell plasma membrane (PM). The presence of active ABCA1 in the PM promotes binding of apoA-I to the cell surface. About 10% of this bound apoA-I interacts directly with ABCA1 and stabilizes the transporter. Most of the pool of cell surface-associated apoA-I is bound to lipid domains in the PM that are created by the activity of ABCA1. The amphipathic α-helices in apoA-I confer detergent-like properties on the protein enabling it to solubilize PL and FC in these membrane domains to create a heterogeneous population of discoidal nascent HDL particles. This review focuses on current understanding of the structure-function relationships of human ABCA1 and the molecular mechanisms underlying HDL particle production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael C Phillips
- Division of Translational Medicine and Human Genetics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104-5158
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Expression and function of Abcg4 in the mouse blood-brain barrier: role in restricting the brain entry of amyloid-β peptide. Sci Rep 2017; 7:13393. [PMID: 29042617 PMCID: PMC5645361 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-13750-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2017] [Accepted: 09/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
ABCG4 is an ATP-binding cassette transmembrane protein which has been shown, in vitro, to participate in the cellular efflux of desmosterol and amyloid-β peptide (Aβ). ABCG4 is highly expressed in the brain, but its localization and function at the blood-brain barrier (BBB) level remain unknown. We demonstrate by qRT-PCR and confocal imaging that mouse Abcg4 is expressed in the brain capillary endothelial cells. Modelling studies of the Abcg4 dimer suggested that desmosterol showed thermodynamically favorable binding at the putative sterol-binding site, and this was greater than for cholesterol. Additionally, unbiased docking also showed Aβ binding at this site. Using a novel Abcg4-deficient mouse model, we show that Abcg4 was able to export Aβ and desmosterol at the BBB level and these processes could be inhibited by probucol and L-thyroxine. Our assay also showed that desmosterol antagonized the export of Aβ, presumably as both bind at the sterol-binding site on Abcg4. We show for the first time that Abcg4 may function in vivo to export Aβ at the BBB, in a process that can be antagonized by its putative natural ligand, desmosterol (and possibly cholesterol).
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Zwier MV, Baardman ME, van Dijk TH, Jurdzinski A, Wisse LJ, Bloks VW, Berger RMF, DeRuiter MC, Groen AK, Plösch T. Maternal-fetal cholesterol transport in the second half of mouse pregnancy does not involve LDL receptor-related protein 2. Acta Physiol (Oxf) 2017; 220:471-485. [PMID: 28024118 DOI: 10.1111/apha.12845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2016] [Revised: 03/25/2016] [Accepted: 12/16/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
AIM LDL receptor-related protein type 2 (LRP2) is highly expressed on both yolk sac and placenta. Mutations in the corresponding gene are associated with severe birth defects in humans, known as Donnai-Barrow syndrome. We here characterized the contribution of LRP2 and maternal plasma cholesterol availability to maternal-fetal cholesterol transport and fetal cholesterol levels in utero in mice. METHODS Lrp2+/- mice were mated heterozygously to yield fetuses of all three genotypes. Half of the dams received a 0.5% probucol-enriched diet during gestation to decrease maternal HDL cholesterol. At E13.5, the dams received an injection of D7-labelled cholesterol and were provided with 1-13 C acetate-supplemented drinking water. At E16.5, fetal tissues were collected and maternal cholesterol transport and fetal synthesis quantified by isotope enrichments in fetal tissues by GC-MS. RESULTS The Lrp2 genotype did not influence maternal-fetal cholesterol transport and fetal cholesterol. However, lowering of maternal plasma cholesterol levels by probucol significantly reduced maternal-fetal cholesterol transport. In the fetal liver, this was associated with increased cholesterol synthesis rates. No indications were found for an interaction between the Lrp2 genotype and maternal probucol treatment. CONCLUSION Maternal-fetal cholesterol transport and endogenous fetal cholesterol synthesis depend on maternal cholesterol concentrations but do not involve LRP2 in the second half of murine pregnancy. Our results suggest that the mouse fetus can compensate for decreased maternal cholesterol levels. It remains a relevant question how the delicate system of cholesterol transport and synthesis is regulated in the human fetus and placenta.
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Affiliation(s)
- M. V. Zwier
- Department of Pediatrics; University Medical Center Groningen; University of Groningen; Groningen the Netherlands
| | - M. E. Baardman
- Department of Genetics; University Medical Center Groningen; University of Groningen; Groningen the Netherlands
| | - T. H. van Dijk
- Department of Pediatrics; University Medical Center Groningen; University of Groningen; Groningen the Netherlands
- Department of Laboratory Medicine; University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen; Groningen the Netherlands
| | - A. Jurdzinski
- Department of Pediatrics; University Medical Center Groningen; University of Groningen; Groningen the Netherlands
| | - L. J. Wisse
- Department of Anatomy and Embryology; Leiden University Medical Center; Leiden the Netherlands
| | - V. W. Bloks
- Department of Pediatrics; University Medical Center Groningen; University of Groningen; Groningen the Netherlands
| | - R. M. F. Berger
- Center for Congenital Heart Diseases; Beatrix Children's Hospital; University Medical Center Groningen; University of Groningen; Groningen the Netherlands
| | - M. C. DeRuiter
- Department of Anatomy and Embryology; Leiden University Medical Center; Leiden the Netherlands
| | - A. K. Groen
- Department of Pediatrics; University Medical Center Groningen; University of Groningen; Groningen the Netherlands
| | - T. Plösch
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology; University Medical Center Groningen; University of Groningen; Groningen the Netherlands
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Fournier N, Sayet G, Vedie B, Nowak M, Allaoui F, Solgadi A, Caudron E, Chaminade P, Benoist JF, Paul JL. Eicosapentaenoic acid membrane incorporation impairs cholesterol efflux from cholesterol-loaded human macrophages by reducing the cholesteryl ester mobilization from lipid droplets. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Biol Lipids 2017; 1862:1079-1091. [PMID: 28739279 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbalip.2017.07.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2017] [Revised: 07/18/2017] [Accepted: 07/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
A diet containing a high n-3/n-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) ratio has cardioprotective properties. PUFAs incorporation into membranes influences the function of membrane proteins. We investigated the impact of the membrane incorporation of PUFAs, especially eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) (C20:5 n-3), on the anti-atherogenic cholesterol efflux pathways. We used cholesteryl esters (CE)-loaded human monocyte-derived macrophages (HMDM) to mimic foam cells exposed to the FAs for a long period of time to ensure their incorporation into cellular membranes. Phospholipid fraction of EPA cells exhibited high levels of EPA and its elongation product docosapentaenoic acid (DPA) (C22:5 n-3), which was associated with a decreased level of arachidonic acid (AA) (C20:4 n-6). EPA 70μM reduced ABCA1-mediated cholesterol efflux to apolipoprotein (apo) AI by 30% without any alteration in ABCA1 expression. The other tested PUFAs, DPA, docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) (C22:6 n-3), and AA, were also able to reduce ABCA1 functionality while the monounsaturated oleic FA slightly decreased efflux and the saturated palmitic FA had no impact. Moreover, EPA also reduced cholesterol efflux to HDL mediated by the Cla-1 and ABCG1 pathways. EPA incorporation did not hinder efflux in free cholesterol-loaded HMDM and did not promote esterification of cholesterol. Conversely, EPA reduced the neutral hydrolysis of cytoplasmic CE by 24%. The reduced CE hydrolysis was likely attributed to the increase in cellular TG contents and/or the decrease in apo E secretion after EPA treatment. In conclusion, EPA membrane incorporation reduces cholesterol efflux in human foam cells by reducing the cholesteryl ester mobilization from lipid droplets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalie Fournier
- Univ Paris Sud-Paris Saclay, EA 7357, Lip(Sys)(2), Athérosclérose: homéostasie et trafic du cholestérol des macrophages (FKA EA 4529), UFR de Pharmacie, 92296 Châtenay-Malabry, France; AP-HP (Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris), Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou, Laboratoire de Biochimie, 75015 Paris, France.
| | - Guillaume Sayet
- Univ Paris Sud-Paris Saclay, EA 7357, Lip(Sys)(2), Chimie Analytique Pharmaceutique (FKA EA 4041), UFR de Pharmacie, 92296 Châtenay-Malabry, France
| | - Benoît Vedie
- AP-HP (Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris), Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou, Laboratoire de Biochimie, 75015 Paris, France
| | - Maxime Nowak
- Univ Paris Sud-Paris Saclay, EA 7357, Lip(Sys)(2), Athérosclérose: homéostasie et trafic du cholestérol des macrophages (FKA EA 4529), UFR de Pharmacie, 92296 Châtenay-Malabry, France
| | - Fatima Allaoui
- Univ Paris Sud-Paris Saclay, EA 7357, Lip(Sys)(2), Athérosclérose: homéostasie et trafic du cholestérol des macrophages (FKA EA 4529), UFR de Pharmacie, 92296 Châtenay-Malabry, France
| | - Audrey Solgadi
- Univ Paris Sud-Paris Saclay, SFR IPSIT (Institut Paris-Saclay d'Innovation Thérapeutique), UMS IPSIT Service d'Analyse des Médicaments et Métabolites, 92296 Châtenay-Malabry, France
| | - Eric Caudron
- Univ Paris Sud-Paris Saclay, EA 7357, Lip(Sys)(2), Chimie Analytique Pharmaceutique (FKA EA 4041), UFR de Pharmacie, 92296 Châtenay-Malabry, France
| | - Pierre Chaminade
- Univ Paris Sud-Paris Saclay, EA 7357, Lip(Sys)(2), Chimie Analytique Pharmaceutique (FKA EA 4041), UFR de Pharmacie, 92296 Châtenay-Malabry, France
| | - Jean-François Benoist
- AP-HP (Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris), Hôpital Robert Debré, Laboratoire de Biochimie hormonale, 75019 Paris, France
| | - Jean-Louis Paul
- Univ Paris Sud-Paris Saclay, EA 7357, Lip(Sys)(2), Athérosclérose: homéostasie et trafic du cholestérol des macrophages (FKA EA 4529), UFR de Pharmacie, 92296 Châtenay-Malabry, France; AP-HP (Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris), Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou, Laboratoire de Biochimie, 75015 Paris, France
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Elviri L, Foresti R, Bergonzi C, Zimetti F, Marchi C, Bianchera A, Bernini F, Silvestri M, Bettini R. Highly defined 3D printed chitosan scaffolds featuring improved cell growth. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017; 12:045009. [PMID: 28699619 DOI: 10.1088/1748-605x/aa7692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
The augmented demand for medical devices devoted to tissue regeneration and possessing a controlled micro-architecture means there is a need for industrial scale-up in the production of hydrogels. A new 3D printing technique was applied to the automation of a freeze-gelation method for the preparation of chitosan scaffolds with controlled porosity. For this aim, a dedicated 3D printer was built in-house: a preliminary effort has been necessary to explore the printing parameter space to optimize the printing results in terms of geometry, tolerances and mechanical properties of the product. Analysed parameters included viscosity of the starting chitosan solution, which was measured with a Brookfield viscometer, and temperature of deposition, which was determined by filming the process with a cryocooled sensor thermal camera. Optimized parameters were applied to the production of scaffolds from solutions of chitosan alone or with the addition of raffinose as a viscosity modifier. Resulting hydrogels were characterized in terms of morphology and porosity. In vitro cell culture studies comparing 3D printed scaffolds with their homologous produced by solution casting evidenced an improvement in biocompatibility deriving from the production technique as well as from the solid state modification of chitosan stemming from the addition of the viscosity modifier.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa Elviri
- Food and Drug Department, University of Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze 27/A, I-43124, Parma, Italy
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Ontsouka CE, Huang X, Aliyev E, Albrecht C. In vitro characterization and endocrine regulation of cholesterol and phospholipid transport in the mammary gland. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2017; 439:35-45. [PMID: 27760380 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2016.10.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2016] [Revised: 09/25/2016] [Accepted: 10/15/2016] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Cell-based studies previously showed that the ATP-binding cassette transporter A1 (ABCA1) transfers cholesterol across mammary epithelial cells (MEC). Data for phospholipid transport are lacking, and it is unclear from which cellular source the transported cholesterol stems, whether this transport activates signaling pathways, and how lactogenic hormones regulate it. To clarify these aspects, lipid transport and expressional analyses were performed in bovine primary (bMEC) and/or immortalized (MAC-T) MEC cultures. Lipid efflux and ABCA1, ABCG1 and liver X receptorα mRNA levels were higher in MAC-T than bMEC. In MAC-T, the transported cholesterol originated mainly from the plasma membrane. ABCA1 dependent cholesterol efflux was higher than phosphatidylcholine efflux, was suppressed by probucol (ABCA1 inhibitor), AG490 (janus kinase-2 inhibitor), PD98059 (mitogen activated protein kinase kinase inhibitor) and pretreatment with β-cyclodextrin (lowering membrane cholesterol). Insulin was the only hormone significantly increasing cholesterol efflux. In conclusion, this study gives novel mechanistic and regulatory insights into the transport of cholesterol and phospholipids in MEC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Corneille Edgar Ontsouka
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Bern, Buehlstrasse 28, 3012, Bern, Switzerland; Swiss National Center of Competence in Research, NCCR TransCure, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Xiao Huang
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Bern, Buehlstrasse 28, 3012, Bern, Switzerland; Swiss National Center of Competence in Research, NCCR TransCure, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Eldar Aliyev
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Bern, Buehlstrasse 28, 3012, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Christiane Albrecht
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Bern, Buehlstrasse 28, 3012, Bern, Switzerland; Swiss National Center of Competence in Research, NCCR TransCure, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.
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Integrated Approaches to Drug Discovery for Oxidative Stress-Related Retinal Diseases. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2016; 2016:2370252. [PMID: 28053689 PMCID: PMC5174186 DOI: 10.1155/2016/2370252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2016] [Accepted: 11/13/2016] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Excessive oxidative stress induces dysregulation of functional networks in the retina, resulting in retinal diseases such as glaucoma, age-related macular degeneration, and diabetic retinopathy. Although various therapies have been developed to reduce oxidative stress in retinal diseases, most have failed to show efficacy in clinical trials. This may be due to oversimplification of target selection for such a complex network as oxidative stress. Recent advances in high-throughput technologies have facilitated the collection of multilevel omics data, which has driven growth in public databases and in the development of bioinformatics tools. Integration of the knowledge gained from omics databases can be used to generate disease-related biological networks and to identify potential therapeutic targets within the networks. Here, we provide an overview of integrative approaches in the drug discovery process and provide simple examples of how the approaches can be exploited to identify oxidative stress-related targets for retinal diseases.
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Quach D, Vitali C, La FM, Xiao AX, Millar JS, Tang C, Rader DJ, Phillips MC, Lyssenko NN. Cell lipid metabolism modulators 2-bromopalmitate, D609, monensin, U18666A and probucol shift discoidal HDL formation to the smaller-sized particles: implications for the mechanism of HDL assembly. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Biol Lipids 2016; 1861:1968-1979. [PMID: 27671775 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbalip.2016.09.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2016] [Revised: 08/27/2016] [Accepted: 09/23/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
ATP-binding cassette transporter A1 (ABCA1) mediates formation of disc-shaped high-density lipoprotein (HDL) from cell lipid and lipid-free apolipoprotein A-I (apo A-I). Discoidal HDL particles are heterogeneous in physicochemical characteristics for reasons that are understood incompletely. Discoidal lipoprotein particles similar in characteristics and heterogeneity to cell-formed discoidal HDL can be reconstituted from purified lipids and apo A-I by cell-free, physicochemical methods. The heterogeneity of reconstituted HDL (rHDL) is sensitive to the lipid composition of the starting lipid/apo A-I mixture. To determine whether the heterogeneity of cell-formed HDL is similarly sensitive to changes in cell lipids, we investigated four compounds that have well-established effects on cell lipid metabolism and ABCA1-mediated cell cholesterol efflux. 2-Bromopalmitate, D609, monensin and U18666A decreased formation of the larger-sized, but dramatically increased formation of the smaller-sized HDL. 2-Bromopalmitate did not appear to affect ABCA1 activity, subcellular localization or oligomerization, but induced dissolution of the cholesterol-phospholipid complexes in the plasma membrane. Arachidonic and linoleic acids shifted HDL formation to the smaller-sized species. Tangier disease mutations and inhibitors of ABCA1 activity wheat germ agglutinin and AG 490 reduced formation of both larger-sized and smaller-sized HDL. The effect of probucol was similar to the effect of 2-bromopalmitate. Taking rHDL formation as a paradigm, we propose that ABCA1 mutations and activity inhibitors reduce the amount of cell lipid available for HDL formation, and the compounds in the 2-bromopalmitate group and the polyunsaturated fatty acids change cell lipid composition from one that favors formation of the larger-sized HDL particles to one that favors formation of the smaller-sized species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Duyen Quach
- Division of Translational Medicine and Human Genetics, Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Cecilia Vitali
- Division of Translational Medicine and Human Genetics, Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Fiona M La
- Division of Translational Medicine and Human Genetics, Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Angel X Xiao
- Division of Translational Medicine and Human Genetics, Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - John S Millar
- Division of Translational Medicine and Human Genetics, Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Chongren Tang
- Division of Metabolism, Endocrinology and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Daniel J Rader
- Division of Translational Medicine and Human Genetics, Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA; Department of Genetics, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Michael C Phillips
- Division of Translational Medicine and Human Genetics, Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Nicholas N Lyssenko
- Division of Translational Medicine and Human Genetics, Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
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Gui Y, Yao S, Yan H, Hu L, Yu C, Gao F, Xi C, Li H, Ye Y, Wang Y. A novel small molecule liver X receptor transcriptional regulator, nagilactone B, suppresses atherosclerosis in apoE-deficient mice. Cardiovasc Res 2016; 112:502-14. [DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvw183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2015] [Accepted: 06/23/2016] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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50
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Yamamoto S, Narita I, Kotani K. The macrophage and its related cholesterol efflux as a HDL function index in atherosclerosis. Clin Chim Acta 2016; 457:117-22. [PMID: 27087419 DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2016.04.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2016] [Revised: 04/06/2016] [Accepted: 04/09/2016] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
The macrophage and its related cholesterol efflux are considered to be a key player in atherosclerotic formation in relation to the function of high-density lipoprotein (HDL). The HDL function can be evaluated by the reaction between lipid-loaded macrophages and lipid-acceptors in the HDL fraction from the plasma, apolipoprotein B-depleted serum, and/or whole serum/plasma. Recent studies have reported that an impaired cholesterol efflux of HDL is observed in patients with cardiometabolic diseases, such as dyslipidemia, diabetes mellitus, and chronic kidney disease. A population-based cohort study has reported an inverse association between the cholesterol efflux capacity of HDL and the incidence of atherosclerotic disease, regardless of the serum HDL-cholesterol level. Moreover, in this paper, when we summarized several clinical interventional studies of statin treatment that examined cholesterol efflux, a potential increase in the efflux in patients treated with statins was implied. However, the effect was not fully defined in the current situation because of the small sample sizes, lack of a unified protocol for measuring the efflux, and short-term intervention periods without cardiovascular outcomes in available studies. Further investigation is necessary to determine the effect of drugs on cholesterol efflux. With additional advanced studies, cholesterol efflux is a promising laboratory index to understand the HDL function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suguru Yamamoto
- Division of Clinical Nephrology and Rheumatology, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata 951-8510, Japan; Division of Community and Family Medicine, Jichi Medical University, Shimotsuke 329-0498, Japan
| | - Ichiei Narita
- Division of Clinical Nephrology and Rheumatology, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata 951-8510, Japan
| | - Kazuhiko Kotani
- Division of Community and Family Medicine, Jichi Medical University, Shimotsuke 329-0498, Japan; Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Jichi Medical University, Shimotsuke 329-0498, Japan.
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