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Dron JS. The clinical utility of polygenic risk scores for combined hyperlipidemia. Curr Opin Lipidol 2023; 34:44-51. [PMID: 36602940 DOI: 10.1097/mol.0000000000000865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Combined hyperlipidemia is the most common lipid disorder and is strongly polygenic. Given its prevalence and associated risk for atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease, this review describes the potential for utilizing polygenic risk scores for risk prediction and management of combined hyperlipidemia. RECENT FINDINGS Different diagnostic criteria have led to inconsistent prevalence estimates and missed diagnoses. Given that individuals with combined hyperlipidemia have risk estimates for incident coronary artery disease similar to individuals with familial hypercholesterolemia, early identification and therapeutic management of those affected is crucial. With diagnostic criteria including traits such apolipoprotein B, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and triglyceride, polygenic risk scores for these traits strongly associate with combined hyperlipidemia and could be used in combination for clinical risk prediction models and developing specific treatment plans for patients. SUMMARY Polygenic risk scores are effective tools in risk prediction of combined hyperlipidemia, can provide insight into disease pathophysiology, and may be useful in managing and guiding treatment plans for patients. However, efforts to ensure equitable polygenic risk score performance across different genetic ancestry groups is necessary before clinical implementation in order to prevent the exacerbation of racial disparities in the clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacqueline S Dron
- Center for Genomic Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston
- Cardiovascular Disease Initiative, The Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
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2
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Colima Fausto AG, Topete J, González García JR, Hernández Flores TDJ, Rodríguez Preciado SY, Magaña Torres MT. Effect of APOB gene polymorphisms on body mass index, blood pressure, and total cholesterol levels: A cross-sectional study in Mexican population. Medicine (Baltimore) 2022; 101:e30457. [PMID: 36197256 PMCID: PMC9509198 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000030457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
APOB gene polymorphisms are considered risk factors for the development of dyslipidemia, hypertension, and cardiovascular disease (CVD) in several populations. In Mexico, these pathologies are frequent and studies regarding this gene are scarce. The aim of this cross-sectional study was to determined genotype, allele, and haplotype frequencies of APOB polymorphisms and performed analyses of association among the biochemical, hemodynamic, anthropometrical, and genetic variables. Blood samples were taken from 361 subjects from unselected Mexican population for biochemical analysis and for deoxyribonucleic acid extraction; besides blood pressure and body mass index (BMI) were measured. APOB polymorphisms rs934197, rs533617, rs693, and rs1042031 were genotyped by polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-restriction fragment length polymorphism; whereas, rs17240441 and c.66_67insCTGCTG were genotyped by PCR followed by electrophoresis. Genotype and allele frequencies were obtained by simple counting and deviations from Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium (HWE) were calculated by chi-square test. The effect of the polymorphisms on the quantitative variables was determined using analysis of variance, Student's t test, Pearson's and Spearman's correlations and multiple linear regression models. All the polymorphisms were within HWE. Frequencies of mutated alleles were highly heterogeneous: rs934197-T 33.6%, rs17240441-D 39.3%, c.66_67insCTGCTG-I 3.9%, rs533617-G 0.9%, rs693-T 40.5%, and rs1042031-G 17.3%. Chronic degenerative diseases were frequent in the studied population: overweight-obesity 55.1%, dyslipidemia 45.8%, and hypertension 23.5%. The association analyses showed that despite adjustments for age and sex the mutated alleles rs934197-T, rs1042031G, c.66_67-insCTGCTG-I, and rs533617-G, were related to lower values of BMI, total cholesterol (TC), systolic blood pressure, and diastolic blood pressure, respectively. All polymorphisms analyzed except rs533517 and c.66_67insCTGCTG showed high frequencies of the mutated allele, making them useful for association studies. Our results revealed that, APOB gene polymorphisms could be contributing to the development of several chronic diseases, such as essential hypertension, dyslipidemias, obesity, among others. However, specific studies with each pathology are needed to know the possible implications of the polymorphisms.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jaqueline Topete
- División de Genética, Centro de Investigación Biomédica de Occidente, Instituto Mexicano del seguro social, Guadalajara, Jalisco, México
| | - Juan Ramón González García
- División de Genética, Centro de Investigación Biomédica de Occidente, Instituto Mexicano del seguro social, Guadalajara, Jalisco, México
| | - Teresita de Jesús Hernández Flores
- División de Genética, Centro de Investigación Biomédica de Occidente, Instituto Mexicano del seguro social, Guadalajara, Jalisco, México
- Doctorado en Genética Humana, Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara, Jalisco, México
| | | | - María Teresa Magaña Torres
- División de Genética, Centro de Investigación Biomédica de Occidente, Instituto Mexicano del seguro social, Guadalajara, Jalisco, México
- *Correspondence: María Teresa Magaña Torres, División de Genética, Centro de Investigación Biomédica de Occidente, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Guadalajara, Jalisco 44340, México (e-mail: )
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3
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Trinder M, Vikulova D, Pimstone S, Mancini GBJ, Brunham LR. Polygenic architecture and cardiovascular risk of familial combined hyperlipidemia. Atherosclerosis 2021; 340:35-43. [PMID: 34906840 DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2021.11.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2021] [Revised: 11/06/2021] [Accepted: 11/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Familial combined hyperlipidemia (FCHL) is one of the most common inherited lipid phenotypes, characterized by elevated plasma concentrations of apolipoprotein B-100 and triglycerides. The genetic inheritance of FCHL remains poorly understood. The goals of this study were to investigate the polygenetic architecture and cardiovascular risk associated with FCHL. METHODS AND RESULTS We identified individuals with an FCHL phenotype among 349,222 unrelated participants of European ancestry in the UK Biobank using modified versions of 5 different diagnostic criteria. The prevalence of the FCHL phenotype was 11.44% (n = 39,961), 5.01% (n = 17,485), 1.48% (n = 5,153), 1.10% (n = 3,838), and 0.48% (n = 1,688) according to modified versions of the Consensus Conference, Dutch, Mexico, Brunzell, and Goldstein criteria, respectively. We performed discovery, case-control genome-wide association studies for these different FCHL criteria and identified 175 independent loci associated with FCHL at genome-wide significance. We investigated the association of genetic and clinical risk with FCHL and found that polygenic susceptibility to hypercholesterolemia or hypertriglyceridemia and features of metabolic syndrome were associated with greater prevalence of FCHL. Participants with an FCHL phenotype had a similar risk of incident coronary artery disease compared to participants with monogenic familial hypercholesterolemia (adjusted hazard ratio vs controls [95% confidence interval]: 2.72 [2.31-3.21] and 1.90 [1.30-2.78]). CONCLUSIONS These results suggest that, rather than being a single genetic entity, the FCHL phenotype represents a polygenic susceptibility to dyslipidemia in combination with metabolic abnormalities. The cardiovascular risk associated with an FCHL phenotype is similar to that of monogenic familial hypercholesterolemia, despite being ∼5x more common.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark Trinder
- Centre for Heart Lung Innovation, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada; Experimental Medicine Program, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Diana Vikulova
- Centre for Heart Lung Innovation, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada; Experimental Medicine Program, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Simon Pimstone
- Centre for Heart Lung Innovation, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada; Department of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - G B John Mancini
- Centre for Heart Lung Innovation, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Liam R Brunham
- Centre for Heart Lung Innovation, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada; Experimental Medicine Program, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada; Department of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada; Department of Medical Genetics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada.
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4
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Bello-Chavolla OY, Vargas-Vázquez A, Antonio-Villa NE, Del Razo-Olvera FM, Elías-López D, A Aguilar-Salinas C. A High Incidence of Metabolic Syndrome Traits in Mexicans Points at Obesity-Related Metabolic Dysfunction. Diabetes Metab Syndr Obes 2021; 14:1073-1082. [PMID: 33727840 PMCID: PMC7955682 DOI: 10.2147/dmso.s266568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2020] [Accepted: 12/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Metabolic Syndrome (MS) is a construct relating to a series of metabolic dysfunctions attributable to insulin resistance and obesity. Here, we estimate the incidence of MS according to their individual components using a Mexican open-population cohort. METHODS We evaluated data of 6144 Mexicans amongst whom 3340 did not have MS either by IDF or ATP-III definitions using data from an open-population cohort. We estimated the incidence of MS and each of its traits after a median follow-up of 2.24 (IQR 2.05-2.58) years and evaluated risk factors for MS incidence and each of its traits. We also explored individuals without any MS trait to evaluate trait and MS incidence after follow-up. RESULTS We observed a high incidence of MS-IDF (115.11 cases per 1000 person-years, 95% CI 107.76-122.47), followed by MS-ATP-III (75.77 cases per 1000 person-years, 95% CI). The MS traits with the highest incidence were low HDL-C and abdominal obesity, which was consistent for subjects without MS and those without any MS trait. When assessing predictors of MS incidence, obesity, insulin resistance, and increased apolipoprotein B levels predicted MS incidence. Weight loss >5% of body weight and physical activity were the main protective factors. Obesity was a main determinant for incident MS traits in our population, with weight loss being also a protective factor for most MS traits. CONCLUSION We observed a high incidence of MS in apparently healthy Mexican adults. Low HDL-C and abdominal obesity were the most frequent incident MS traits, with obesity being the main determinant of its incidence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Omar Yaxmehen Bello-Chavolla
- Unidad de Investigación de Enfermedades Metabólicas, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Mexico City, Mexico
- Division of Research, Instituto Nacional de Geriatría, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Arsenio Vargas-Vázquez
- Unidad de Investigación de Enfermedades Metabólicas, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Mexico City, Mexico
- MD/PhD (PECEM) Program, Facultad de Medicina, UNAM, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Neftali Eduardo Antonio-Villa
- Unidad de Investigación de Enfermedades Metabólicas, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Mexico City, Mexico
- MD/PhD (PECEM) Program, Facultad de Medicina, UNAM, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Fabiola Mabel Del Razo-Olvera
- Unidad de Investigación de Enfermedades Metabólicas, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Daniel Elías-López
- Unidad de Investigación de Enfermedades Metabólicas, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Carlos A Aguilar-Salinas
- Unidad de Investigación de Enfermedades Metabólicas, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Mexico City, Mexico
- Division of Nutrition, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Mexico City, Mexico
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, Escuela de Medicina y Ciencias de la Salud, Mexico City, Mexico
- Correspondence: Carlos A Aguilar-Salinas Unidad de Investigación de Enfermedades Metabólicas, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Vasco de Quiroga 15, Tlalpan, Distrito Federal, CP 14080, MéxicoTel +525554870900, 5703 Email
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5
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Polymorphism rs3737787 of Upstream Stimulatory Factor 1 gene is associated with serum lipid phenotype in Nigerian population. Mol Cell Probes 2020; 55:101687. [PMID: 33307180 DOI: 10.1016/j.mcp.2020.101687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2020] [Revised: 11/22/2020] [Accepted: 12/01/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Serum lipid profile which is determined by genotype-phenotype relationship plays a significant role in the development of cardiovascular disease. Upstream stimulatory factor 1 (USF1), has been reported to be associated with serum lipid levels in different population, hence, this study investigated the association of variants in USF1 with serum lipid profile in adults in Lagos state, Nigeria. We genotyped rs3737787 (11235C > T) and rs550376620 (10488G > A) with PCR-RFLP in 384 participants and we used logistic regression to assess the association of these variants with serum lipid levels. The minor allele frequency observed in 10488G > A in both case and control groups was 5% while the minor allele of 11235C > T was observed to be more frequent in the control when compared to the dyslipidemic subjects (24% vs 12%; p = 1.84e-05). Levels of total cholesterol, triglycerides, and LDL-c in dyslipidemic subjects with CC genotype of 11235C > T were significantly higher compared to CT and TT genotypes (p < 0.001; p < 0.0001 and p < 0.0001 respectively). Logistic regression with adjustment for age, gender and BMI, showed that the minor allele carriers of 11235C > T have a reduced risk of dyslipidemia (Odds ratio: 0. 0.043, 95% confidence interval (CI): (0.006-0.331, p = 0.002). Our findings revealed that rs3737787 is associated with lipid phenotype in Nigerian population.
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Taghizadeh E, Esfehani RJ, Sahebkar A, Parizadeh SM, Rostami D, Mirinezhad M, Poursheikhani A, Mobarhan MG, Pasdar A. Familial combined hyperlipidemia: An overview of the underlying molecular mechanisms and therapeutic strategies. IUBMB Life 2019; 71:1221-1229. [PMID: 31271707 DOI: 10.1002/iub.2073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2019] [Accepted: 05/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Among different types of dyslipidemia, familial combined hyperlipidemia (FCHL) is the most common genetic disorder, which is characterized by at least two different forms of lipid abnormalities: hypercholesterolemia and hypertriglyceridemia. FCHL is an important cause of cardiovascular diseases. FCHL is a heterogeneous condition linked with some metabolic defects that are closely associated with FCHL. These metabolic features include dysfunctional adipose tissue, delayed clearance of triglyceride-rich lipoproteins, overproduction of very low-density lipoprotein and hepatic lipids, and defect in the clearance of low-density lipoprotein particles. There are also some genes associated with FCHL such as those affecting the metabolism and clearance of plasma lipoprotein particles. Due to the high prevalence of FCHL especially in cardiovascular patients, targeted treatment is ideal but this necessitates identification of the genetic background of patients. This review describes the metabolic pathways and associated genes that are implicated in FCHL pathogenesis. We also review existing and novel treatment options for FCHL. © 2019 IUBMB Life, 71(9):1221-1229, 2019.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eskandar Taghizadeh
- Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.,Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Yasuj University of Medical Sciences, Yasuj, Iran
| | - Reza Jafarzadeh Esfehani
- Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.,Medical Genetics Research Centre, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Amirhossein Sahebkar
- Neurogenic Inflammation Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.,Biotechnology Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.,School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Seyed Mostafa Parizadeh
- Metabolic Syndrome Research Centre, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Daryoush Rostami
- Department of School Allied, Zabol University of Medical Sciences, Zabol, Iran
| | - Mohammadreza Mirinezhad
- Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Arash Poursheikhani
- Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Majid Ghayour Mobarhan
- Metabolic Syndrome Research Centre, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Alireza Pasdar
- Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.,Medical Genetics Research Centre, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.,Division of Applied Medicine, Medical School, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, UK
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7
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The Regulation of Cbf1 by PAS Kinase Is a Pivotal Control Point for Lipogenesis vs. Respiration in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. G3-GENES GENOMES GENETICS 2019; 9:33-46. [PMID: 30381292 PMCID: PMC6325914 DOI: 10.1534/g3.118.200663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
PAS kinase 1 (Psk1) is a key regulator of respiration in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Herein the molecular mechanisms of this regulation are explored through the characterization of its substrate, Centromere binding factor 1 (Cbf1). CBF1-deficient yeast displayed a significant decrease in cellular respiration, while PAS kinase-deficient yeast, or yeast harboring a Cbf1 phosphosite mutant (T211A) displayed a significant increase. Transmission electron micrographs showed an increased number of mitochondria in PAS kinase-deficient yeast consistent with the increase in respiration. Although the CBF1-deficient yeast did not appear to have an altered number of mitochondria, a mitochondrial proteomics study revealed significant differences in the mitochondrial composition of CBF1-deficient yeast including altered Atp3 levels, a subunit of the mitochondrial F1-ATP synthase complex. Both beta-galactosidase reporter assays and western blot analysis confirmed direct transcriptional control of ATP3 by Cbf1. In addition, we confirmed the regulation of yeast lipid genes LAC1 and LAG1 by Cbf1. The human homolog of Cbf1, Upstream transcription factor 1 (USF1), is also known to be involved in lipid biogenesis. Herein, we provide the first evidence for a role of USF1 in respiration since it appeared to complement Cbf1in vivo as determined by respiration phenotypes. In addition, we confirmed USF1 as a substrate of human PAS kinase (hPASK) in vitro. Combined, our data supports a model in which Cbf1/USF1 functions to partition glucose toward respiration and away from lipid biogenesis, while PAS kinase inhibits respiration in part through the inhibition of Cbf1/USF1.
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Per-Arnt-Sim Kinase (PASK) Deficiency Increases Cellular Respiration on a Standard Diet and Decreases Liver Triglyceride Accumulation on a Western High-Fat High-Sugar Diet. Nutrients 2018; 10:nu10121990. [PMID: 30558306 PMCID: PMC6316003 DOI: 10.3390/nu10121990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2018] [Revised: 12/08/2018] [Accepted: 12/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetes and the related disease metabolic syndrome are epidemic in the United States, in part due to a shift in diet and decrease in physical exercise. PAS kinase is a sensory protein kinase associated with many of the phenotypes of these diseases, including hepatic triglyceride accumulation and metabolic dysregulation in male mice placed on a high-fat diet. Herein we provide the first characterization of the effects of western diet (high-fat high-sugar, HFHS) on Per-Arnt-Sim kinase mice (PASK−/−) and the first characterization of both male and female PASK−/− mice. Soleus muscle from the PASK−/− male mice displayed a 2-fold higher oxidative phosphorylation capacity than wild type (WT) on the normal chow diet. PASK−/− male mice were also resistant to hepatic triglyceride accumulation on the HFHS diet, displaying a 2.7-fold reduction in hepatic triglycerides compared to WT mice on the HFHS diet. These effects on male hepatic triglyceride were further explored through mass spectrometry-based lipidomics. The absence of PAS kinase was found to affect many of the 44 triglycerides analyzed, preventing hepatic triglyceride accumulation in response to the HFHS diet. In contrast, the female mice showed resistance to hepatic triglyceride accumulation on the HFHS diet regardless of genotype, suggesting the effects of PAS kinase may be masked.
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9
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Ruuth M, Soronen J, Kaiharju E, Merikanto K, Perttilä J, Metso J, Lee-Rueckert M, Taskinen MR, Kovanen PT, Öörni K, Olkkonen VM, Jauhiainen MS, Laurila PP. USF1 deficiency alleviates inflammation, enhances cholesterol efflux and prevents cholesterol accumulation in macrophages. Lipids Health Dis 2018; 17:285. [PMID: 30545366 PMCID: PMC6293625 DOI: 10.1186/s12944-018-0930-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2018] [Accepted: 11/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The focus of studies on high-density lipoproteins (HDL) has shifted from HDL-cholesterol (HDL-C) to HDL function. We recently demonstrated that low USF1 expression in mice and humans associates with high plasma HDL-C and low triglyceride levels, as well as protection against obesity, insulin resistance, and atherosclerosis. Here, we studied the impact of USF1 deficiency on HDL functional capacity and macrophage atherogenic functions, including inflammation, cholesterol efflux, and cholesterol accumulation. Methods We used a congenic Usf1 deficient mice in C57Bl/6JRccHsd background and blood samples were collected to isolate HDL for structural and functional studies. Lentiviral preparations containing the USF1 silencing shRNA expression vector were used to silence USF1 in human THP-1 and Huh-7 cells. Cholesterol efflux from acetyl-LDL loaded THP-1 macrophages was measured using HDL and plasma as acceptors. Gene expression analysis from USF1 silenced peritoneal macrophages was carried out using Affymetrix protocols. Results We show that Usf1 deficiency not only increases HDL-C levels in vivo, consistent with elevated ABCA1 protein expression in hepatic cell lines, but also improves the functional capacity of HDL particles. HDL particles derived from Usf1 deficient mice remove cholesterol more efficiently from macrophages, attributed to their higher contents of phospholipids. Furthermore, silencing of USF1 in macrophages enhanced the cholesterol efflux capacity of these cells. These findings are consistent with reduced inflammatory burden of USF1 deficient macrophages, manifested by reduced secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines MCP-1 and IL-1β and protection against inflammation-induced macrophage cholesterol accumulation in a cell-autonomous manner. Conclusions Our findings identify USF1 as a novel factor regulating HDL functionality, showing that USF1 inactivation boosts cholesterol efflux, reduces macrophage inflammation and attenuates macrophage cholesterol accumulation, linking improved macrophage cholesterol metabolism and inflammatory pathways to the antiatherogenic function of USF1 deficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maija Ruuth
- Wihuri Research Institute, FI-00290, Helsinki, Finland.,Research Program Unit, University of Helsinki, FI-00014, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Jarkko Soronen
- Genomics and Biomarkers Unit, National Institute for Health and Welfare, FI-00251, Helsinki, Finland.,Minerva Foundation Institute for Medical Research, Tukholmankatu 8, 00290, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Essi Kaiharju
- Genomics and Biomarkers Unit, National Institute for Health and Welfare, FI-00251, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Krista Merikanto
- Genomics and Biomarkers Unit, National Institute for Health and Welfare, FI-00251, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Julia Perttilä
- Minerva Foundation Institute for Medical Research, Tukholmankatu 8, 00290, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Jari Metso
- Genomics and Biomarkers Unit, National Institute for Health and Welfare, FI-00251, Helsinki, Finland
| | | | - Marja-Riitta Taskinen
- Diabetes and Obesity Research Program, University of Helsinki, FI-00014, Helsinki, Finland
| | | | | | - Vesa M Olkkonen
- Minerva Foundation Institute for Medical Research, Tukholmankatu 8, 00290, Helsinki, Finland.,Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, FI-00014, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Matti S Jauhiainen
- Genomics and Biomarkers Unit, National Institute for Health and Welfare, FI-00251, Helsinki, Finland. .,Minerva Foundation Institute for Medical Research, Tukholmankatu 8, 00290, Helsinki, Finland.
| | - Pirkka-Pekka Laurila
- Genomics and Biomarkers Unit, National Institute for Health and Welfare, FI-00251, Helsinki, Finland.,Department of Medical and Clinical Genetics, University of Helsinki, FI-00014, Helsinki, Finland.,Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland, FIMM, FI-00251, Helsinki, Finland
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10
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Ozsait‐Selcuk B, Komurcu‐Bayrak E, Jylhä M, Luukkaala T, Perola M, Kristiansson K, Mononen N, Hurme M, Kähönen M, Goebeler S, Laaksonen R, Hervonen A, Erginel‐Unaltuna N, Karhunen P, Lehtimäki T. The
rs2516839
variation of
USF1
gene is associated with 4‐year mortality of nonagenarian women: The Vitality 90+ study. Ann Hum Genet 2018; 83:34-45. [DOI: 10.1111/ahg.12282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2018] [Revised: 07/17/2018] [Accepted: 07/30/2018] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- B. Ozsait‐Selcuk
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Fimlab Laboratories, and Finnish Cardiovascular Research Center ‐ Tampere, Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences University of Tampere Tampere Finland
- Department of Genetics, Aziz Sancar Institute of Experimental Medicine Istanbul University Istanbul Turkey
| | - E. Komurcu‐Bayrak
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Fimlab Laboratories, and Finnish Cardiovascular Research Center ‐ Tampere, Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences University of Tampere Tampere Finland
- Department of Genetics, Aziz Sancar Institute of Experimental Medicine Istanbul University Istanbul Turkey
| | - M. Jylhä
- Gerontology Research Center (GEREC), University of Tampere; School of Health Sciences University of Tampere Tampere Finland
| | - T. Luukkaala
- Tampere School of Health Sciences, University of Tampere, Tampere; Science Center Pirkanmaa Hospital District Finland
| | - M. Perola
- Department of Health National Institute for Health and Welfare Helsinki Finland
| | - K. Kristiansson
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences University of Tampere Tampere Finland
| | - N. Mononen
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Fimlab Laboratories, and Finnish Cardiovascular Research Center ‐ Tampere, Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences University of Tampere Tampere Finland
| | - M. Hurme
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences University of Tampere Tampere Finland
| | - M. Kähönen
- Department of Clinical Physiology, Tampere University Hospital, and Finnish Cardiovascular Research Center ‐ Tampere, Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences University of Tampere Tampere Finland
| | - S. Goebeler
- Department of Forensic Medicine, University of Tampere, Fimlab Laboratories Pirkanmaa Hospital District Tampere Finland
| | - R. Laaksonen
- Medical School, University of Tampere; Finnish Clinical Biobank University Hospital of Tampere Tampere Finland
| | - A. Hervonen
- Gerontology Research Center (GEREC), University of Tampere; School of Health Sciences University of Tampere Tampere Finland
| | - N. Erginel‐Unaltuna
- Department of Genetics, Aziz Sancar Institute of Experimental Medicine Istanbul University Istanbul Turkey
| | - P.J. Karhunen
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Fimlab Laboratories, and Department of Forensic Medicine, Finnish Cardiovascular Research Center ‐ Tampere, Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences University of Tampere Tampere Finland
| | - T. Lehtimäki
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Fimlab Laboratories, and Finnish Cardiovascular Research Center ‐ Tampere, Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences University of Tampere Tampere Finland
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11
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Association of C5L2 genetic polymorphisms with coronary artery disease in a Han population in Xinjiang, China. Oncotarget 2018; 8:8590-8596. [PMID: 28052000 PMCID: PMC5352424 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.14353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2016] [Accepted: 11/30/2016] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Background C5aR-like receptor 2 (C5L2) has been identified as a receptor for the inflammatory factor Complement 5a (C5a) and acylation-stimulating protein (ASP). ASP binding to C5L2 leading to a net accumulation of TG stores and glucose transporter. The aim of the present study is to evaluate the association of the SNPs of C5L2 gene with coronary artery disease (CAD) in a Chinese population. Methods We examined the role of the tagging single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of C5L2 gene for CAD using a case-control design. We determined the prevalence of C5L2 genotypes in 505 CAD patients and 469 age and sex-matched healthy control subjects of Han population. Results There was significant difference in genotype distributions of rs2972607 and rs8112962 between CAD patients and control subjects. The rs2972607 was found to be associated with CAD in a dominant model (AA vs. AG + GG, P<0.001). Similarly, the rs8112962 was found to be associated with CAD in a dominant model (TT vs CT + CC, P=0.016). The difference remained statistically significant after multivariate adjustment (OR =1.401, 95% confidence interval [CI]:1.026~1.914, P=0.034; OR = 1.541, 95%CI:1.093~ 2.172, P=0.014; respectively). Conclusion The results of this study indicate that both rs2972607 and rs8112962 of C5L2 gene are associated with CAD in a Han population of China.
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12
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Laurila PP, Soronen J, Kooijman S, Forsström S, Boon MR, Surakka I, Kaiharju E, Coomans CP, Van Den Berg SAA, Autio A, Sarin AP, Kettunen J, Tikkanen E, Manninen T, Metso J, Silvennoinen R, Merikanto K, Ruuth M, Perttilä J, Mäkelä A, Isomi A, Tuomainen AM, Tikka A, Ramadan UA, Seppälä I, Lehtimäki T, Eriksson J, Havulinna A, Jula A, Karhunen PJ, Salomaa V, Perola M, Ehnholm C, Lee-Rueckert M, Van Eck M, Roivainen A, Taskinen MR, Peltonen L, Mervaala E, Jalanko A, Hohtola E, Olkkonen VM, Ripatti S, Kovanen PT, Rensen PCN, Suomalainen A, Jauhiainen M. USF1 deficiency activates brown adipose tissue and improves cardiometabolic health. Sci Transl Med 2016; 8:323ra13. [PMID: 26819196 DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.aad0015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
USF1 (upstream stimulatory factor 1) is a transcription factor associated with familial combined hyperlipidemia and coronary artery disease in humans. However, whether USF1 is beneficial or detrimental to cardiometabolic health has not been addressed. By inactivating USF1 in mice, we demonstrate protection against diet-induced dyslipidemia, obesity, insulin resistance, hepatic steatosis, and atherosclerosis. The favorable plasma lipid profile, including increased high-density lipoprotein cholesterol and decreased triglycerides, was coupled with increased energy expenditure due to activation of brown adipose tissue (BAT). Usf1 inactivation directs triglycerides from the circulation to BAT for combustion via a lipoprotein lipase-dependent mechanism, thus enhancing plasma triglyceride clearance. Mice lacking Usf1 displayed increased BAT-facilitated, diet-induced thermogenesis with up-regulation of mitochondrial respiratory chain complexes, as well as increased BAT activity even at thermoneutrality and after BAT sympathectomy. A direct effect of USF1 on BAT activation was demonstrated by an amplified adrenergic response in brown adipocytes after Usf1 silencing, and by augmented norepinephrine-induced thermogenesis in mice lacking Usf1. In humans, individuals carrying SNP (single-nucleotide polymorphism) alleles that reduced USF1 mRNA expression also displayed a beneficial cardiometabolic profile, featuring improved insulin sensitivity, a favorable lipid profile, and reduced atherosclerosis. Our findings identify a new molecular link between lipid metabolism and energy expenditure, and point to the potential of USF1 as a therapeutic target for cardiometabolic disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pirkka-Pekka Laurila
- Genomics and Biomarkers Unit, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki FI-00251, Finland. Department of Medical Genetics, University of Helsinki, Helsinki FI-00014, Finland. Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland, FIMM, Helsinki FI-00251, Finland.
| | - Jarkko Soronen
- Genomics and Biomarkers Unit, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki FI-00251, Finland. Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland, FIMM, Helsinki FI-00251, Finland. Minerva Foundation Institute for Medical Research, Helsinki FI-00290, Finland
| | - Sander Kooijman
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolic Diseases, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden 2333 ZA, Netherlands. Einthoven Laboratory for Experimental Vascular Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden 2333 ZA, Netherlands
| | - Saara Forsström
- Molecular Neurology, Research Programs Unit, University of Helsinki, Helsinki FI-00014, Finland
| | - Mariëtte R Boon
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolic Diseases, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden 2333 ZA, Netherlands. Einthoven Laboratory for Experimental Vascular Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden 2333 ZA, Netherlands
| | - Ida Surakka
- Genomics and Biomarkers Unit, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki FI-00251, Finland. Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland, FIMM, Helsinki FI-00251, Finland
| | - Essi Kaiharju
- Genomics and Biomarkers Unit, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki FI-00251, Finland
| | - Claudia P Coomans
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolic Diseases, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden 2333 ZA, Netherlands. Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden 2333 ZA, Netherlands
| | | | - Anu Autio
- Turku PET Centre, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Turku FI-20520, Finland
| | - Antti-Pekka Sarin
- Genomics and Biomarkers Unit, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki FI-00251, Finland. Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland, FIMM, Helsinki FI-00251, Finland
| | - Johannes Kettunen
- Genomics and Biomarkers Unit, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki FI-00251, Finland. Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland, FIMM, Helsinki FI-00251, Finland. Computational Medicine, Institute of Health Sciences, University of Oulu and Oulu University Hospital, Oulu FI-90014, Finland
| | - Emmi Tikkanen
- Genomics and Biomarkers Unit, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki FI-00251, Finland. Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland, FIMM, Helsinki FI-00251, Finland. Hjelt Institute, University of Helsinki, Helsinki FI-00014, Finland
| | - Tuula Manninen
- Genomics and Biomarkers Unit, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki FI-00251, Finland. Molecular Neurology, Research Programs Unit, University of Helsinki, Helsinki FI-00014, Finland
| | - Jari Metso
- Genomics and Biomarkers Unit, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki FI-00251, Finland
| | | | - Krista Merikanto
- Genomics and Biomarkers Unit, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki FI-00251, Finland
| | - Maija Ruuth
- Wihuri Research Institute, Helsinki FI-00290, Finland
| | - Julia Perttilä
- Minerva Foundation Institute for Medical Research, Helsinki FI-00290, Finland
| | - Anne Mäkelä
- Faculty of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of Oulu, Oulu FI-90014, Finland
| | - Ayaka Isomi
- Hiroshima University, Hiroshima 730-0053, Japan
| | - Anita M Tuomainen
- Institute of Dentistry, University of Helsinki, Helsinki FI-00014, Finland
| | - Anna Tikka
- Genomics and Biomarkers Unit, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki FI-00251, Finland
| | - Usama Abo Ramadan
- Experimental MRI Laboratory, Department of Neurology, Helsinki University Central Hospital, Helsinki FI-00290, Finland
| | - Ilkka Seppälä
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Fimlab Laboratories, and Tampere University School of Medicine, Tampere FI-33014, Finland
| | - Terho Lehtimäki
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Fimlab Laboratories, and Tampere University School of Medicine, Tampere FI-33014, Finland
| | - Johan Eriksson
- Department of Health, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki FI-00271, Finland. Folkhälsan Research Centre, Helsinki FI-00251, Finland. Unit of General Practice, Helsinki University Central Hospital, Helsinki FI-00290, Finland. Department of General Practice and Primary Health Care, University of Helsinki, Helsinki FI-00014, Finland
| | - Aki Havulinna
- Department of Health, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki FI-00271, Finland
| | - Antti Jula
- Department of Health, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki FI-00271, Finland
| | - Pekka J Karhunen
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Fimlab Laboratories, and Tampere University School of Medicine, Tampere FI-33014, Finland
| | - Veikko Salomaa
- Department of Health, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki FI-00271, Finland
| | - Markus Perola
- Genomics and Biomarkers Unit, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki FI-00251, Finland
| | - Christian Ehnholm
- Genomics and Biomarkers Unit, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki FI-00251, Finland
| | | | - Miranda Van Eck
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolic Diseases, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden 2333 ZA, Netherlands
| | - Anne Roivainen
- Turku PET Centre, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Turku FI-20520, Finland. Turku Center for Disease Modeling, University of Turku, Turku FI-20520, Finland
| | - Marja-Riitta Taskinen
- Diabetes and Obesity Research Program, University of Helsinki, Helsinki FI-00014, Finland
| | | | - Eero Mervaala
- Institute of Biomedicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki FI-00014, Finland
| | - Anu Jalanko
- Genomics and Biomarkers Unit, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki FI-00251, Finland
| | - Esa Hohtola
- Department of Genetics and Physiology, University of Oulu, Oulu FI-90014, Finland
| | - Vesa M Olkkonen
- Minerva Foundation Institute for Medical Research, Helsinki FI-00290, Finland
| | - Samuli Ripatti
- Genomics and Biomarkers Unit, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki FI-00251, Finland. Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland, FIMM, Helsinki FI-00251, Finland. Hjelt Institute, University of Helsinki, Helsinki FI-00014, Finland. Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, Cambridge CB10 1SA, UK
| | | | - Patrick C N Rensen
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolic Diseases, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden 2333 ZA, Netherlands. Einthoven Laboratory for Experimental Vascular Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden 2333 ZA, Netherlands
| | - Anu Suomalainen
- Molecular Neurology, Research Programs Unit, University of Helsinki, Helsinki FI-00014, Finland. Department of Neurology, Helsinki University Central Hospital, Helsinki FI-00290, Finland. Neuroscience Center, University of Helsinki, Helsinki FI-00014, Finland
| | - Matti Jauhiainen
- Genomics and Biomarkers Unit, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki FI-00251, Finland.
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Combined hyperlipidemia (CHL) is a complex phenotype that is commonly encountered clinically and is often associated with the expression of early heart disease. The affixed adjective 'familial' gives the impression that the trait is monogenic, like familial hypercholesterolemia. But despite significant efforts, genetic studies have yielded little evidence of single gene determinants of CHL. RECENT FINDINGS Sophisticated linkage studies suggest that individual lipid components of the CHL phenotype - such as elevated LDL and triglyceride - each have several determinants that segregate independently in families. Furthermore, DNA sequencing shows that rare large-effect variants in genes such as LDL receptor (LDLR) and lipoprotein lipase are found in some CHL patients, explaining the elevated LDL cholesterol and triglyceride components, respectively. In addition, multiple common small-effect lipid-altering variants accumulate in an individual's genome, raising the LDL cholesterol and/or triglyceride components by multiple mechanisms. Finally, secondary factors, such as poor diet, obesity,fatty liver or diabetes further modulate the expression of the biochemically defined CHL phenotype. SUMMARY Given the current state of genetic understanding, CHL may be best conceptualized as a syndrome with common clinical presentation but multigenic causes, similar to other common conditions such as type 2 diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda J Brahm
- Department of Medicine, Robarts Research Institute, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
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14
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Di Taranto MD, Staiano A, D'Agostino MN, D'Angelo A, Bloise E, Morgante A, Marotta G, Gentile M, Rubba P, Fortunato G. Association of USF1 and APOA5 polymorphisms with familial combined hyperlipidemia in an Italian population. Mol Cell Probes 2014; 29:19-24. [PMID: 25308402 DOI: 10.1016/j.mcp.2014.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2014] [Revised: 10/01/2014] [Accepted: 10/01/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Familial combined hyperlipidemia (FCH) is a polygenic and multifactorial disease characterized by a variable phenotype showing increased levels of triglycerides and/or cholesterol. The aim of this study was to identify single nucleotides (SNPs) in lipid-related genes associated with FCH. METHODS AND RESULTS Twenty SNPs in lipid-related genes were studied in 142 control subjects and 165 FCH patients after excluding patients with mutations in the LDLR gene and patients with the E2/E2 genotype of APOE. In particular, we studied the 9996G > A (rs2073658) and 11235C > T (rs3737787) variants in the Upstream Stimulatory Factor 1 gene (USF1), and the -1131T > C (rs662799) and S19W (rs3135506) variants in the Apolipoprotein A-V gene (APOA5). We found that the frequencies of these variants differed between patients and controls and that are associated with different lipid profiles. At multivariate logistic regression SNP S19W in APOA5 remained significantly associated with FCH independently of age, sex, BMI, cholesterol and triglycerides. CONCLUSIONS Our results show that the USF1 and APOA5 polymorphisms are associated with FCH and that the S19W SNP in the APOA5 gene is associated to the disease independently of total cholesterol, triglycerides and BMI. However, more extensive studies including other SNPs such as rs2516839 in USF1, are required.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Antonino Staiano
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie, Università di Napoli Parthenope, Isola C4, Centro Direzionale, 80143 Napoli, Italy
| | - Maria Nicoletta D'Agostino
- Dipartimento di Medicina Molecolare e Biotecnologie Mediche, Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, Via Sergio Pansini 5, 80131 Napoli, Italy; CEINGE Biotecnologie Avanzate S.C. a r.l., Via Gaetano Salvatore 486, 80145 Napoli, Italy
| | - Antonietta D'Angelo
- Dipartimento di Medicina Molecolare e Biotecnologie Mediche, Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, Via Sergio Pansini 5, 80131 Napoli, Italy; CEINGE Biotecnologie Avanzate S.C. a r.l., Via Gaetano Salvatore 486, 80145 Napoli, Italy
| | - Elena Bloise
- CEINGE Biotecnologie Avanzate S.C. a r.l., Via Gaetano Salvatore 486, 80145 Napoli, Italy
| | - Alberto Morgante
- CEINGE Biotecnologie Avanzate S.C. a r.l., Via Gaetano Salvatore 486, 80145 Napoli, Italy
| | - Gennaro Marotta
- Dipartimento di Medicina Clinica e Chirurgia, Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, Via Sergio Pansini 5, 80131 Napoli, Italy
| | - Marco Gentile
- Dipartimento di Medicina Clinica e Chirurgia, Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, Via Sergio Pansini 5, 80131 Napoli, Italy
| | - Paolo Rubba
- Dipartimento di Medicina Clinica e Chirurgia, Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, Via Sergio Pansini 5, 80131 Napoli, Italy
| | - Giuliana Fortunato
- Dipartimento di Medicina Molecolare e Biotecnologie Mediche, Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, Via Sergio Pansini 5, 80131 Napoli, Italy; CEINGE Biotecnologie Avanzate S.C. a r.l., Via Gaetano Salvatore 486, 80145 Napoli, Italy.
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15
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Aguilar-Salinas CA, Tusie-Luna T, Pajukanta P. Genetic and environmental determinants of the susceptibility of Amerindian derived populations for having hypertriglyceridemia. Metabolism 2014; 63:887-94. [PMID: 24768220 PMCID: PMC4315146 DOI: 10.1016/j.metabol.2014.03.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2014] [Revised: 03/22/2014] [Accepted: 03/25/2014] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Here, we discuss potential explanations for the higher prevalence of hypertriglyceridemia in populations with an Amerindian background. Although environmental factors are the triggers, the search for the ethnic related factors that explain the increased susceptibility of the Amerindians is a promising area for research. The study of the genetics of hypertriglyceridemia in Hispanic populations faces several challenges. Ethnicity could be a major confounding variable to prove genetic associations. Despite that, the study of hypertriglyceridemia in Hispanics has resulted in significant contributions. Two GWAS reports have exclusively included Mexican mestizos. Fifty percent of the associations reported in Caucasians could be generalized to the Mexicans, but in many cases the Mexican lead SNP was different than that reported in Europeans. Both reports included new associations with apo B or triglycerides concentrations. The frequency of susceptibility alleles in Mexicans is higher than that found in Europeans for several of the genes with the greatest effect on triglycerides levels. An example is the SNP rs964184 in APOA5. The same trend was observed for ANGPTL3 and TIMD4 variants. In summary, we postulate that the study of the genetic determinants of hypertriglyceridemia in Amerindian populations which have major changes in their lifestyle, may prove to be a great resource to identify new genes and pathways associated with hypertriglyceridemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos A Aguilar-Salinas
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición, México City, México.
| | - Teresa Tusie-Luna
- Unit of Molecular Biology and Genomic Medicine, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México and Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición, México City, México.
| | - Päivi Pajukanta
- Department of Human Genetics, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, USA; Molecular Biology Institute at UCLA, Los Angeles, USA.
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16
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Qu LH, Jin X, Li LM, Li SY, Xie HP. A novel mutation in C5L2 gene was associated with hyperlipidemia and retinitis pigmentosa in a Chinese family. Lipids Health Dis 2014; 13:75. [PMID: 24885523 PMCID: PMC4084569 DOI: 10.1186/1476-511x-13-75] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2014] [Accepted: 04/22/2014] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Previous studies indicated that hyperlipidemia was associated with retinitis pigmentosa (RP). We aimed to identify the mutations in the C5L2 gene which was reported to be associated with hyperlipidemia in a Chinese family with (RP). Methods The Proband from the family was screened for mutations in the C5L2 gene that was known to cause hyperlipidemia. Cosegregation analysis was performed in the available family members. Linkage analysis was performed for one missense mutation to calculate the likelihood of its pathogenicity. One hundred and fifty unrelated, healthy Chinese subjects were screened to exclude nonpathogenic polymorphisms. Results By direct sequencing method, we identified a novel mutation (Thr196Asn) in C5L2 gene. In this family, each affected family members with RP showed a heterozygous mutation in the C5L2 gene. And all the carriers with heterozygous mutation have increased serum lipid levels in this family. Conclusions The present study has extended the mutation spectrum of C5L2, and Thr196Asn mutations in C5L2 were associated with RP and serum lipid levels.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Shi-Ying Li
- Southwest Eye Hospital, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, 30 Gaotanyan Road, Chongqing 400038, China.
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17
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Upstream Transcription Factor 1 (USF1) allelic variants regulate lipoprotein metabolism in women and USF1 expression in atherosclerotic plaque. Sci Rep 2014; 4:4650. [PMID: 24722012 PMCID: PMC3983598 DOI: 10.1038/srep04650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2014] [Accepted: 03/26/2014] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Upstream transcription factor 1 (USF1) allelic variants significantly influence future risk of cardiovascular disease and overall mortality in females. We investigated sex-specific effects of USF1 gene allelic variants on serum indices of lipoprotein metabolism, early markers of asymptomatic atherosclerosis and their changes during six years of follow-up. In addition, we investigated the cis-regulatory role of these USF1 variants in artery wall tissues in Caucasians. In the Cardiovascular Risk in Young Finns Study, 1,608 participants (56% women, aged 31.9 ± 4.9) with lipids and cIMT data were included. For functional study, whole genome mRNA expression profiling was performed in 91 histologically classified atherosclerotic samples. In females, serum total, LDL cholesterol and apoB levels increased gradually according to USF1 rs2516839 genotypes TT < CT < CC and rs1556259 AA < AG < GG as well as according to USF1 H3 (GCCCGG) copy number 0 < 1 < 2. Furthermore, the carriers of minor alleles of rs2516839 (C) and rs1556259 (G) of USF1 gene had decreased USF1 expression in atherosclerotic plaques (P = 0.028 and 0.08, respectively) as compared to non-carriers. The genetic variation in USF1 influence USF1 transcript expression in advanced atherosclerosis and regulates levels and metabolism of circulating apoB and apoB-containing lipoprotein particles in sex-dependent manner, but is not a major determinant of early markers of atherosclerosis.
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18
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Horswell SD, Fryer LGD, Hutchison CE, Zindrou D, Speedy HE, Town MM, Duncan EJ, Sivapackianathan R, Patel HN, Jones EL, Braithwaite A, Salm MPA, Neuwirth CKY, Potter E, Anderson JR, Taylor KM, Seed M, Betteridge DJ, Crook MA, Wierzbicki AS, Scott J, Naoumova RP, Shoulders CC. CDKN2B expression in adipose tissue of familial combined hyperlipidemia patients. J Lipid Res 2013; 54:3491-505. [PMID: 24103848 DOI: 10.1194/jlr.m041814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to determine the core biological processes perturbed in the subcutaneous adipose tissue of familial combined hyperlipidemia (FCHL) patients. Annotation of FCHL and control microarray datasets revealed a distinctive FCHL transcriptome, characterized by gene expression changes regulating five overlapping systems: the cytoskeleton, cell adhesion and extracellular matrix; vesicular trafficking; lipid homeostasis; and cell cycle and apoptosis. Expression values for the cell-cycle inhibitor CDKN2B were increased, replicating data from an independent FCHL cohort. In 3T3-L1 cells, CDKN2B knockdown induced C/EBPα expression and lipid accumulation. The minor allele at SNP site rs1063192 (C) was predicted to create a perfect seed for the human miRNA-323b-5p. A miR-323b-5p mimic significantly reduced endogenous CDKN2B protein levels and the activity of a CDKN2B 3'UTR luciferase reporter carrying the rs1063192 C allele. Although the allele displayed suggestive evidence of association with reduced CDKN2B mRNA in the MuTHER adipose tissue dataset, family studies suggest the association between increased CDKN2B expression and FCHL-lipid abnormalities is driven by factors external to this gene locus. In conclusion, from a comparative annotation analysis of two separate FCHL adipose tissue transcriptomes and a subsequent focus on CDKN2B, we propose that dysfunctional adipogenesis forms an integral part of FCHL pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stuart D Horswell
- Medical Research Council, Clinical Sciences Centre, Hammersmith Hospital, London, United Kingdom
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Alharbi KK, Khan IA, Syed R. Circulating C5L2 gene polymorphism is associated with type 2 diabetes mellitus in Saudi population. Mol Biol Rep 2013; 40:6323-7. [DOI: 10.1007/s11033-013-2745-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2013] [Accepted: 09/14/2013] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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20
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New Directions in Networks and Systems Approaches to Cardiovascular Disease. CURRENT GENETIC MEDICINE REPORTS 2013. [DOI: 10.1007/s40142-012-0005-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Wang RM, Liu ZZ, Gong YH, Chen LJ, Jia Q, Wang YJ, Fang F, Lv H, Zhang GJ, Kang XX. Association analysis of USF1 gene polymorphisms and total unstable carotid plaque area in atherosclerotic stroke patients. J Thromb Thrombolysis 2012; 36:317-23. [PMID: 23271305 DOI: 10.1007/s11239-012-0861-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Polymorphisms of the upstream stimulatory factor 1 (USF1) have been associated with carotid artery intima-media thickness and coronary atherosclerotic lesions. Unstable carotid plaque is an atherosclerotic change of vascular morphology that has been correlated with cerebrovascular ischemic symptoms. Associations of three single nucleotide polymorphisms of the USF1 gene with total unstable carotid plaque area (CPA) were investigated in Chinese atherosclerotic stroke patients. We recruited 668 atherosclerotic stroke patients and 602 controls. Total unstable CPA values were measured by ultrasound. Genotypes were analyzed using polymerase chain reaction-based restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) or mismatched PCR-RFLP. A significant difference in total unstable CPA was found for rs2516838 and rs2516839 genotypes (P = 0.039 and 0.046, respectively) in atherosclerotic stroke patients with unstable carotid plaque. Furthermore, in multiple logistic regression analysis adjusted by age, sex, BMI, hypertension, smoking status, glucose, total cholesterol, triglycerides, high-density lipoprotein-cholesterols, low-density lipoprotein-cholesterols and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein, significant associations were seen between the total unstable CPA values and genotypes of the rs2516838 or the rs2516839 in these patients. The rare allele C of rs2516838 or rare allele A of rs2516839 could predict relative low total unstable CPA values. The rs2516838 and rs2516839 polymorphisms of USF1 influence total unstable CPA in atherosclerotic stroke patients, which might be new markers to predict the risk of recurrence for this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui-Min Wang
- The Center for Laboratory Diagnosis, Beijing Tian Tan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100050, China
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22
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Haas BE, Horvath S, Pietiläinen KH, Cantor RM, Nikkola E, Weissglas-Volkov D, Rissanen A, Civelek M, Cruz-Bautista I, Riba L, Kuusisto J, Kaprio J, Tusie-Luna T, Laakso M, Aguilar-Salinas CA, Pajukanta P. Adipose co-expression networks across Finns and Mexicans identify novel triglyceride-associated genes. BMC Med Genomics 2012; 5:61. [PMID: 23217153 PMCID: PMC3543280 DOI: 10.1186/1755-8794-5-61] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2012] [Accepted: 11/27/2012] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Background High serum triglyceride (TG) levels is an established risk factor for coronary heart disease (CHD). Fat is stored in the form of TGs in human adipose tissue. We hypothesized that gene co-expression networks in human adipose tissue may be correlated with serum TG levels and help reveal novel genes involved in TG regulation. Methods Gene co-expression networks were constructed from two Finnish and one Mexican study sample using the blockwiseModules R function in Weighted Gene Co-expression Network Analysis (WGCNA). Overlap between TG-associated networks from each of the three study samples were calculated using a Fisher’s Exact test. Gene ontology was used to determine known pathways enriched in each TG-associated network. Results We measured gene expression in adipose samples from two Finnish and one Mexican study sample. In each study sample, we observed a gene co-expression network that was significantly associated with serum TG levels. The TG modules observed in Finns and Mexicans significantly overlapped and shared 34 genes. Seven of the 34 genes (ARHGAP30, CCR1, CXCL16, FERMT3, HCST, RNASET2, SELPG) were identified as the key hub genes of all three TG modules. Furthermore, two of the 34 genes (ARHGAP9, LST1) reside in previous TG GWAS regions, suggesting them as the regional candidates underlying the GWAS signals. Conclusions This study presents a novel adipose gene co-expression network with 34 genes significantly correlated with serum TG across populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Blake E Haas
- Department of Human Genetics, Gonda Center, Los Angeles, California, 90095-7088, USA
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23
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Auer S, Hahne P, Soyal SM, Felder T, Miller K, Paulmichl M, Krempler F, Oberkofler H, Patsch W. Potential Role of Upstream Stimulatory Factor 1 Gene Variant in Familial Combined Hyperlipidemia and Related Disorders. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2012; 32:1535-44. [DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.112.245639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Objective—
Genetic studies implicated upstream stimulatory factor 1 (USF1) in familial combined hyperlipidemia because the rs2073658 minor allele was associated with reduced risk of familial combined hyperlipidemia and related disorders. The molecular mechanisms whereby rs2073658 influences trait expression have remained elusive.
Methods and Results—
Plasma lipids, rs2073658 genotypes (N=372), and hepatic transcript levels (N=96) of
USF1
and genes involved in hepatic lipoprotein production were determined in obese subjects. The rs2073658 minor allele was associated with reduced plasma triglycerides (TGs) (
P
<0.001), hepatic
USF1
(
P
<0.01), and microsomal TG transfer protein transcript levels (
P
<0.05). Functional studies in human hepatocellular carcinoma cells showed that rs2073658 is located in a forkhead box A2 (FOXA2) binding site and that major allele constructs displayed higher transcriptional activity than minor allele constructs. Knockdown of FOXA2 reduced the activity of major, but not minor allele constructs. Furthermore, an interaction between hepatic FOXA2 transcript levels and rs2073658 minor allele carrier status on hepatic
USF1
transcript levels was observed in vivo (
P
<0.05).
USF1
activated the transcription of FOXA2 and FOXA2 strongly activated the transcription of microsomal TG transfer protein.
Conclusion—
A feed-forward loop comprising activation of
USF1
transcription by FOXA2 and activation of FOXA2 transcription by
USF1
, driving microsomal TG transfer protein expression, is modulated by rs2073658. Hence, rs2073658 likely influences hepatic TG secretion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon Auer
- From the Department of Laboratory Medicine (S.A., P.H., S.M.S., T.F., H.O., W.P.) and Institute of Pharmacology (M.P., W.P.), Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria; Departments of Surgery (K.M.) and Internal Medicine (F.K.), Krankenhaus Hallein, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Penelope Hahne
- From the Department of Laboratory Medicine (S.A., P.H., S.M.S., T.F., H.O., W.P.) and Institute of Pharmacology (M.P., W.P.), Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria; Departments of Surgery (K.M.) and Internal Medicine (F.K.), Krankenhaus Hallein, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Selma M. Soyal
- From the Department of Laboratory Medicine (S.A., P.H., S.M.S., T.F., H.O., W.P.) and Institute of Pharmacology (M.P., W.P.), Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria; Departments of Surgery (K.M.) and Internal Medicine (F.K.), Krankenhaus Hallein, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Thomas Felder
- From the Department of Laboratory Medicine (S.A., P.H., S.M.S., T.F., H.O., W.P.) and Institute of Pharmacology (M.P., W.P.), Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria; Departments of Surgery (K.M.) and Internal Medicine (F.K.), Krankenhaus Hallein, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Karl Miller
- From the Department of Laboratory Medicine (S.A., P.H., S.M.S., T.F., H.O., W.P.) and Institute of Pharmacology (M.P., W.P.), Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria; Departments of Surgery (K.M.) and Internal Medicine (F.K.), Krankenhaus Hallein, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Markus Paulmichl
- From the Department of Laboratory Medicine (S.A., P.H., S.M.S., T.F., H.O., W.P.) and Institute of Pharmacology (M.P., W.P.), Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria; Departments of Surgery (K.M.) and Internal Medicine (F.K.), Krankenhaus Hallein, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Franz Krempler
- From the Department of Laboratory Medicine (S.A., P.H., S.M.S., T.F., H.O., W.P.) and Institute of Pharmacology (M.P., W.P.), Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria; Departments of Surgery (K.M.) and Internal Medicine (F.K.), Krankenhaus Hallein, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Hannes Oberkofler
- From the Department of Laboratory Medicine (S.A., P.H., S.M.S., T.F., H.O., W.P.) and Institute of Pharmacology (M.P., W.P.), Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria; Departments of Surgery (K.M.) and Internal Medicine (F.K.), Krankenhaus Hallein, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Wolfgang Patsch
- From the Department of Laboratory Medicine (S.A., P.H., S.M.S., T.F., H.O., W.P.) and Institute of Pharmacology (M.P., W.P.), Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria; Departments of Surgery (K.M.) and Internal Medicine (F.K.), Krankenhaus Hallein, Salzburg, Austria
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Brouwers MCGJ, van Greevenbroek MMJ, Stehouwer CDA, de Graaf J, Stalenhoef AFH. The genetics of familial combined hyperlipidaemia. Nat Rev Endocrinol 2012; 8:352-62. [PMID: 22330738 DOI: 10.1038/nrendo.2012.15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Almost 40 years after the first description of familial combined hyperlipidaemia (FCHL) as a discrete entity, the genetic and metabolic basis of this prevalent disease has yet to be fully unveiled. In general, two strategies have been applied to elucidate its complex genetic background, the candidate-gene and the linkage approach, which have yielded an extensive list of genes associated with FCHL or its related traits, with a variable degree of scientific evidence. Some genes influence the FCHL phenotype in many pedigrees, whereas others are responsible for the affected state in only one kindred, thereby adding to the genetic and phenotypic heterogeneity of FCHL. This Review outlines the individual genes that have been described in FCHL and how these genes can be incorporated into the current concept of metabolic pathways resulting in FCHL: adipose tissue dysfunction, hepatic fat accumulation and overproduction, disturbed metabolism and delayed clearance of apolipoprotein-B-containing particles. Genes that affect metabolism and clearance of plasma lipoprotein particles have been most thoroughly studied. The adoption of new traits, in addition to the classic plasma lipid traits, could aid in the identification of new genes implicated in other pathways in FCHL. Moreover, systems genetic analysis, which integrates genetic polymorphisms with data on gene expression levels, lipidomics or metabolomics, will attribute functions to genetic variants in addition to revealing new genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martijn C G J Brouwers
- Department of Internal Medicine and Endocrinology, Maastricht University Medical Centre, P. Debyelaan 25, 6229 HX, Maastricht, The Netherlands
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25
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Relationship between a novel polymorphism of the C5L2 gene and coronary artery disease. PLoS One 2011; 6:e20984. [PMID: 21698200 PMCID: PMC3116855 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0020984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2011] [Accepted: 05/16/2011] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background C5L2 has been demonstrated to be a functional receptor of acylation-stimulating protein (ASP), which is a stimulator of triglyceride synthesis or glucose transport. However, little is known about the variations in the coding region of the C5L2 gene and their association with coronary artery disease (CAD). Methodology/Principal Findings We identified a novel single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP), 698C>T (P233L), in exon 2 using a polymerase chain reaction direct-sequencing method. This nucleotide change causes the amino-acid order from proline to leucine at codon 233. We examined the role of this SNP for CAD using two independent case–control studies: one was in the Han population (492 CAD patients and 577 control subjects) and the other was in the Uygur population (319 CAD patients and 554 control subjects). Heterozygote carriers of the 698CT genotype were more frequent among CAD patients than among controls not only in the Han population (7.3% versus 1.7%) but also in the Uygur population (4.7% versus 1.6%). The odds ratio (OR) for carriers of the 698CT genotype for CAD was 4.484 (95% confidence interval (CI): 2.197–9.174) in the Han group and 2.989 (95% CI: 1.292–6.909) in the Uygur population. After adjustment of confounding factors such as sex, age, smoking, alcohol consumption, hypertension, diabetes, as well as serum levels of triglyceride, total cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein, the difference remained significant in the Han group (P<0.001, OR = 6.604, 95% CI: 2.776–15.711) and in the Uygur group (P = 0.047, OR = 2.602, 95% CI: 1.015–6.671). Conclusion/Significance The 698CT genotype of C5L2 may be a genetic maker of CAD in the Han and Uygur population in western China.
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26
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Zheng YY, Xie X, Ma YT, Yang YN, Fu ZY, Li XM, Liu F, Yang SJ, Ma X, Chen BD. S323I polymorphism of the C5L2 gene was not identified in a Chinese population with familial combined hyperlipidemia or with type 2 diabetes. GENETICS AND MOLECULAR RESEARCH 2011; 10:3256-66. [DOI: 10.4238/2011.december.22.4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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27
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Brouwers MCGJ, de Graaf J, van Greevenbroek MMJ, Schaper N, Stehouwer CDA, Stalenhoef AFH. Novel drugs in familial combined hyperlipidemia: lessons from type 2 diabetes mellitus. Curr Opin Lipidol 2010; 21:530-8. [PMID: 20739883 DOI: 10.1097/mol.0b013e32833ea9ec] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Familial combined hyperlipidemia (FCHL) and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) are prevalent entities that share many features of the metabolic syndrome. Recent findings suggest that FCHL and T2DM are less distinct than initially anticipated, which could offer new insights for their therapeutic approach. RECENT FINDINGS Genetic association studies have provided evidence for a common genetic background (upstream transcription factor 1, activating transcription factor 6, transcription factor 7-like 2 and hepatocyte nuclear factor 4 alpha) between FCHL and T2DM. The metabolic overlap can be illustrated by the presence of ectopic fat accumulation and insulin resistance (muscle, adipose tissue and liver). We have shown that FCHL patients are at increased risk to develop T2DM. This indicates that both entities are not static, but instead the former is able to migrate to the latter as insulin resistance progresses. Given these new findings, it can be anticipated that FCHL patients could also benefit from insulin-sensitizing therapy such as pioglitazone and metformin. Indeed, pilot studies have demonstrated that pioglitazone might be advantageous in FCHL patients. SUMMARY Recent studies suggest that FCHL patients have an increased risk to develop T2DM, which has important clinical implications. Further studies are necessary to evaluate whether FCHL patients can be protected from new-onset T2DM and premature cardiovascular events with insulin-sensitizing therapy.
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MESH Headings
- Adipose Tissue/drug effects
- Adipose Tissue/metabolism
- Cholesterol, LDL/genetics
- Cholesterol, LDL/metabolism
- Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/complications
- Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/drug therapy
- Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/genetics
- Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/metabolism
- Drug Discovery
- Fatty Liver/genetics
- Fatty Liver/metabolism
- Genetic Predisposition to Disease
- Humans
- Hyperlipidemia, Familial Combined/complications
- Hyperlipidemia, Familial Combined/drug therapy
- Hyperlipidemia, Familial Combined/genetics
- Hyperlipidemia, Familial Combined/metabolism
- Insulin/metabolism
- Insulin Resistance/genetics
- Male
- Metabolic Syndrome/etiology
- Metabolic Syndrome/genetics
- Metabolic Syndrome/metabolism
- Metformin/administration & dosage
- Models, Biological
- Obesity/genetics
- Obesity/metabolism
- Pioglitazone
- Risk Factors
- Thiazolidinediones/administration & dosage
- Transcription Factors/genetics
- Transcription Factors/metabolism
- Triglycerides/genetics
- Triglycerides/metabolism
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Affiliation(s)
- Martijn C G J Brouwers
- Laboratory of Vascular Medicine and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Divisions of General Internal Medicine and Endocrinology, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
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28
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Laurila PP, Naukkarinen J, Kristiansson K, Ripatti S, Kauttu T, Silander K, Salomaa V, Perola M, Karhunen PJ, Barter PJ, Ehnholm C, Peltonen L. Genetic association and interaction analysis of USF1 and APOA5 on lipid levels and atherosclerosis. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2010; 30:346-52. [PMID: 19910639 PMCID: PMC3224996 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.109.188912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE USF1 is a ubiquitous transcription factor governing the expression of numerous genes of lipid and glucose metabolism. APOA5 is a well-established candidate gene regulating triglyceride (TG) levels and has been identified as a downstream target of upstream stimulatory factor. No detailed studies about the effect of APOA5 on atherosclerotic lesion formation have been conducted, nor has its potential interaction with USF1 been examined. METHODS AND RESULTS We analyzed allelic variants of USF1 and APOA5 in families (n=516) ascertained for atherogenic dyslipidemia and in an autopsy series of middle-aged men (n=300) with precise quantitative measurements of atherosclerotic lesions. The impact of previously associated APOA5 variants on TGs was observed in the dyslipidemic families, and variant rs3135506 was associated with size of fibrotic aortic lesions in the autopsy series. The USF1 variant rs2516839, associated previously with atherosclerotic lesions, showed an effect on TGs in members of the dyslipidemic families with documented coronary artery disease. We provide preliminary evidence of gene-gene interaction between these variants in an autopsy series with a fibrotic lesion area in the abdominal aorta (P=0.0028), with TGs in dyslipidemic coronary artery disease subjects (P=0.03), and with high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (P=0.008) in a large population cohort of coronary artery disease patients (n=1065) in which the interaction for TGs was not replicated. CONCLUSIONS Our findings in these unique samples reinforce the roles of APOA5 and USF1 variants on cardiovascular phenotypes and suggest that both genes contribute to lipid levels and aortic atherosclerosis individually and possibly through epistatic effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pirkka-Pekka Laurila
- Public Health Genomics Unit, National Institute for Health and Welfare and Institute for Molecular Medicine, Helsinki, Finland
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29
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Wu S, Mar-Heyming R, Dugum EZ, Kolaitis NA, Qi H, Pajukanta P, Castellani LW, Lusis AJ, Drake TA. Upstream transcription factor 1 influences plasma lipid and metabolic traits in mice. Hum Mol Genet 2009; 19:597-608. [PMID: 19995791 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddp526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Upstream transcription factor 1 (USF1) has been associated with familial combined hyperlipidemia, the metabolic syndrome, and related conditions, but the mechanisms involved are unknown. In this study, we report validation of Usf1 as a causal gene of cholesterol homeostasis, insulin sensitivity and body composition in mouse models using several complementary approaches and identify associated pathways and gene expression network modules. Over-expression of human USF1 in both transgenic mice and mice with transient liver-specific over-expression influenced metabolic trait phenotypes, including obesity, total cholesterol level, LDL/VLDL cholesterol and glucose/insulin ratio. Additional analyses of trait and hepatic gene expression data from an F2 population derived from C57BL/6J and C3H/HeJ strains in which there is a naturally occurring variation in Usf1 expression supported a causal role for Usf1 for relevant metabolic traits. Gene network and pathway analyses of the liver gene expression signatures in the F2 population and the hepatic over-expression model suggested the involvement of Usf1 in immune responses and metabolism, including an Igfbp2-centered module. In all three mouse model settings, notable sex specificity was observed, consistent with human studies showing differences in association with USF1 gene polymorphisms between sexes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sulin Wu
- Department of Human Genetics, David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
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30
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Huertas-Vazquez A, Plaisier CL, Geng R, Haas BE, Lee J, Greevenbroek MM, van der Kallen C, de Bruin TWA, Taskinen MR, Alagramam KN, Pajukanta P. A nonsynonymous SNP within PCDH15 is associated with lipid traits in familial combined hyperlipidemia. Hum Genet 2009; 127:83-9. [PMID: 19816713 PMCID: PMC2793376 DOI: 10.1007/s00439-009-0749-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2009] [Accepted: 09/21/2009] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Familial combined hyperlipidemia (FCHL) is a common lipid disorder characterized by the presence of multiple lipoprotein phenotypes that increase the risk of premature coronary heart disease. In a previous study, we identified an intragenic microsatellite marker within the protocadherin 15 (PCDH15) gene to be associated with high triglycerides (TGs) in Finnish dyslipidemic families. In this study we analyzed all four known nonsynonymous SNPs within PCDH15 in 1,268 individuals from Finnish and Dutch multigenerational families with FCHL. Association analyses of quantitative traits for SNPs were performed using the QTDT test. The nonsynonymous SNP rs10825269 resulted in a P = 0.0006 for the quantitative TG trait. Additional evidence for association was observed with the same SNP for apolipoprotein B levels (apo-B) (P = 0.0001) and total cholesterol (TC) levels (P = 0.001). None of the other three SNPs tested showed a significant association with any lipid-related trait. We investigated the expression of PCDH15 in different human tissues and observed that PCDH15 is expressed in several tissues including liver and pancreas. In addition, we measured the plasma lipid levels in mice with loss-of-function mutations in Pcdh15 (Pcdh15(av-Tg) and Pcdh15(av-3J)) to investigate possible abnormalities in their lipid profile. We observed a significant difference in plasma TG and TC concentrations for the Pcdh15(av-3J) carriers when compared with the wild type (P = 0.013 and P = 0.044, respectively). Our study suggests that PCDH15 is associated with lipid abnormalities.
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31
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Plaisier CL, Horvath S, Huertas-Vazquez A, Cruz-Bautista I, Herrera MF, Tusie-Luna T, Aguilar-Salinas C, Pajukanta P. A systems genetics approach implicates USF1, FADS3, and other causal candidate genes for familial combined hyperlipidemia. PLoS Genet 2009; 5:e1000642. [PMID: 19750004 PMCID: PMC2730565 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1000642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 126] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2009] [Accepted: 08/12/2009] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
We hypothesized that a common SNP in the 3' untranslated region of the upstream transcription factor 1 (USF1), rs3737787, may affect lipid traits by influencing gene expression levels, and we investigated this possibility utilizing the Mexican population, which has a high predisposition to dyslipidemia. We first associated rs3737787 genotypes in Mexican Familial Combined Hyperlipidemia (FCHL) case/control fat biopsies, with global expression patterns. To identify sets of co-expressed genes co-regulated by similar factors such as transcription factors, genetic variants, or environmental effects, we utilized weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA). Through WGCNA in the Mexican FCHL fat biopsies we identified two significant Triglyceride (TG)-associated co-expression modules. One of these modules was also associated with FCHL, the other FCHL component traits, and rs3737787 genotypes. This USF1-regulated FCHL-associated (URFA) module was enriched for genes involved in lipid metabolic processes. Using systems genetics procedures we identified 18 causal candidate genes in the URFA module. The FCHL causal candidate gene fatty acid desaturase 3 (FADS3) was associated with TGs in a recent Caucasian genome-wide significant association study and we replicated this association in Mexican FCHL families. Based on a USF1-regulated FCHL-associated co-expression module and SNP rs3737787, we identify a set of causal candidate genes for FCHL-related traits. We then provide evidence from two independent datasets supporting FADS3 as a causal gene for FCHL and elevated TGs in Mexicans. By integrating a genetic polymorphism with genome-wide gene expression levels, we were able to attribute function to a genetic polymorphism in the USF1 gene. The USF1 gene has previously been associated with a common dyslipidemia, FCHL. FCHL is characterized by elevated levels of total cholesterol, triglycerides, or both. We demonstrate that this genetic polymorphism in USF1 contributes to FCHL disease risk by modulating the expression of a group of genes functionally related to lipid metabolism, and that this modulation is mediated by USF1. One of the genes whose expression is modulated by USF1 is FADS3, which was also implicated in a recent genome-wide association study for lipid traits. We demonstrated that a genetic polymorphism from the FADS3 region, which was associated with triglycerides in a GWAS study of Caucasians, was also associated with triglycerides in Mexican FCHL families. Our analysis provides novel insight into the gene expression profile contributing to FCHL disease risk, and identifies FADS3 as a new gene for FCHL in Mexicans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher L. Plaisier
- Department of Human Genetics, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | - Steve Horvath
- Department of Human Genetics, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | - Adriana Huertas-Vazquez
- Department of Human Genetics, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | - Ivette Cruz-Bautista
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Miguel F. Herrera
- Surgery Division, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Teresa Tusie-Luna
- Molecular Biology and Genomic Medicine Unit, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas de la UNAM, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Carlos Aguilar-Salinas
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Päivi Pajukanta
- Department of Human Genetics, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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32
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Naukkarinen J, Nilsson E, Koistinen HA, Söderlund S, Lyssenko V, Vaag A, Poulsen P, Groop L, Taskinen MR, Peltonen L. Functional variant disrupts insulin induction of USF1: mechanism for USF1-associated dyslipidemias. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009; 2:522-9. [PMID: 20031629 DOI: 10.1161/circgenetics.108.840421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The upstream transcription factor 1 (USF1) gene is associated with familial combined hyperlipidemia, the most common genetic dyslipidemia in humans, as well as with various dyslipidemic changes in numerous other studies. Typical of complex disease-associated genes, neither the explicit mutations have been described nor the functional consequences for risk allele carriers been reported at the cellular or tissue level. METHODS AND RESULTS In this study, we aimed at describing the molecular mechanism through which the strongest associating intronic single-nucleotide polymorphism variant in USF1 is involved in the development of dyslipidemia. The effects of the risk variant on gene expression were studied in 2 relevant human tissues, fat and muscle. Global transcript profiles of 47 fat biopsies ascertained for carriership of the risk allele were tested for differential expression of known USF1 target genes as well as for broader effects on the transcript profile. Allelic imbalance of USF1 in fat was assessed using a quantitative sequencing approach. The possible allele-specific effect of insulin on the expression of USF1 was studied in 118 muscle biopsies before and after a euglycemic hyperinsulinemic clamp. The risk allele of single-nucleotide polymorphism rs2073658 seems to eradicate the inductive effect of insulin on the expression of USF1 in muscle and fat. The expression of numerous target genes is in turn perturbed in adipose tissue. CONCLUSIONS In risk allele carriers, a defective response of USF1 to insulin results in the suboptimal response of relevant target genes that contributes to the enhanced risk of developing dyslipidemia and coronary heart disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jussi Naukkarinen
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), National Institute for Health and Welfare, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
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33
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Jarvik GP, Brunzell JD, Motulsky AG. Frequent detection of familial hypercholesterolemia mutations in familial combined hyperlipidemia. J Am Coll Cardiol 2008; 52:1554-6. [PMID: 19007591 DOI: 10.1016/j.jacc.2008.08.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2008] [Revised: 07/31/2008] [Accepted: 08/05/2008] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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34
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Collings A, Höyssä S, Fan M, Kähönen M, Hutri-Kähönen N, Marniemi J, Juonala M, Viikari JSA, Raitakari OT, Lehtimäki TJ. Allelic variants of upstream transcription factor 1 associate with carotid artery intima-media thickness: the Cardiovascular Risk in Young Finns study. Circ J 2008; 72:1158-64. [PMID: 18577828 DOI: 10.1253/circj.72.1158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Polymorphisms of the upstream transcription factor 1 (USF1) have been associated with familial combined hyperlipidemia and coronary heart disease. The impact of this gene on subclinical atherosclerosis is unknown. Associations of 3 allelic variants of the USF1 gene and their haplotypes with carotid artery intima - media thickness (IMT), carotid artery compliance (CAC) and brachial artery flow mediated dilatation (FMD) were studied in a population of Finnish healthy young adults. METHODS AND RESULTS The study population comprised 2,281 individuals participating in the Cardiovascular Risk in Young Finns study. IMT, CAC and FMD values were measured by ultrasound examination. Genotypes were analysed using the 5' nuclease assay. A significant difference in IMT was found for usf1s1 (rs3737787) and usf1s8 (rs2516838) genotypes (p-values 0.046 and 0.021, respectively). Moreover, there was a significant difference between groups in haplotype 1 and haplotype 2 for IMT (p-values 0.011 and 0.028 respectively). In multivariate stepwise linear regression models adjusted by age, sex, body mass index, systolic and diastolic blood pressures, smoking, C-reactive protein, glucose, high- and low-density lipoprotein-cholesterols and triglycerides there were significant associations for the usf1s1 minor genotype AA to predict low IMT (p=0.038) and usf1s8 minor genotype GG to predict high IMT (p=0.003). There was also a significant association for haplotype 2 to predict low IMT in the otherwise similar multivariate model (p=0.006). No associations were found for polymorphisms and CAC, FMD or serum lipids. CONCLUSIONS The rs2516838 and rs3737787 polymorphisms of USF1 influence the carotid artery IMT, which is a new finding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Auni Collings
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Centre for Laboratory Medicine, Tampere University Hospital, PO Box 2000, 33521 Tampere, Finland.
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Meex SJR, van Vliet-Ostaptchouk JV, van der Kallen CJH, van Greevenbroek MMJ, Schalkwijk CG, Feskens EJM, Blaak EE, Wijmenga C, Hofker MH, Stehouwer CDA, de Bruin TWA. Upstream transcription factor 1 (USF1) in risk of type 2 diabetes: association study in 2000 Dutch Caucasians. Mol Genet Metab 2008; 94:352-5. [PMID: 18445538 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymgme.2008.03.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2008] [Revised: 03/20/2008] [Accepted: 03/20/2008] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes shares substantial genetic and phenotypic overlap with familial combined hyperlipidemia. Upstream stimulatory factor 1 (USF1), a well-established susceptibility gene for familial combined hyperlipidemia, is postulated to be such a shared genetic determinant. We evaluated two established variants in familial combined hyperlipidemia (rs2073658 and rs3737787) for association with type 2 diabetes in two Dutch case-control samples (N=2011). The first case-control sample comprised 501 subjects with type 2 diabetes from the Breda cohort and 920 healthy blood bank donors of Dutch Caucasian origin. The second case-control sample included 211 subjects with type 2 diabetes, and 379 normoglycemic controls. SNP rs2073658 and SNP rs3737787 were in perfect linkage disequilibrium. In the first case-control sample, prevalence of the major allele was higher in patients than in controls (75% versus 71%, OR=1.25, p=0.018). A similar effect-size and -direction was observed in the second case-control sample (76% versus 72%, OR=1.22, p=0.16). A combined analysis strengthened the evidence for association (OR=1.23, p=0.006). Notably, the increased risk for type 2 diabetes could be ascribed to the major allele, and its high frequency translated to a substantial population attributable risk of 14.5%. In conclusion, the major allele of rs2073658 in the USF1 gene is associated with a modestly increased risk to develop type 2 diabetes in Dutch Caucasians, with considerable impact at the population level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven J R Meex
- University of Maastricht, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht (CARIM), Department of Internal Medicine, Maastricht, The Netherlands.
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Variations in DNA elucidate molecular networks that cause disease. Nature 2008; 452:429-35. [PMID: 18344982 DOI: 10.1038/nature06757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 657] [Impact Index Per Article: 41.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2007] [Accepted: 01/28/2008] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Identifying variations in DNA that increase susceptibility to disease is one of the primary aims of genetic studies using a forward genetics approach. However, identification of disease-susceptibility genes by means of such studies provides limited functional information on how genes lead to disease. In fact, in most cases there is an absence of functional information altogether, preventing a definitive identification of the susceptibility gene or genes. Here we develop an alternative to the classic forward genetics approach for dissecting complex disease traits where, instead of identifying susceptibility genes directly affected by variations in DNA, we identify gene networks that are perturbed by susceptibility loci and that in turn lead to disease. Application of this method to liver and adipose gene expression data generated from a segregating mouse population results in the identification of a macrophage-enriched network supported as having a causal relationship with disease traits associated with metabolic syndrome. Three genes in this network, lipoprotein lipase (Lpl), lactamase beta (Lactb) and protein phosphatase 1-like (Ppm1l), are validated as previously unknown obesity genes, strengthening the association between this network and metabolic disease traits. Our analysis provides direct experimental support that complex traits such as obesity are emergent properties of molecular networks that are modulated by complex genetic loci and environmental factors.
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Sinsheimer JS, Plaisier CL, Huertas-Vazquez A, Aguilar-Salinas C, Tusie-Luna T, Pajukanta P, Lange K. Estimating ethnic admixture from pedigree data. Am J Hum Genet 2008; 82:748-55. [PMID: 18319077 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajhg.2007.12.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2007] [Revised: 10/01/2007] [Accepted: 12/11/2007] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
This paper introduces a likelihood method of estimating ethnic admixture that uses individuals, pedigrees, or a combination of individuals and pedigrees. For each founder of a pedigree, admixture proportions are calculated by conditioning on the pedigree-wide genotypes at all ancestry-informative markers. These estimates are then propagated down the pedigree to the nonfounders by a simple averaging process. The large-sample standard errors of the founders' proportions can be similarly transformed into standard errors for the admixture proportions of the descendants. These standard errors are smaller than the corresponding standard errors when each individual is treated independently. Both hard and soft information on a founder's ancestry can be accommodated in this scheme, which has been implemented in the genetic software package Mendel. The utility of the method is demonstrated on simulated data and a real data example involving Mexican families of mixed Amerindian and Spanish ancestry.
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Auro K, Kristiansson K, Zethelius B, Berne C, Lannfelt L, Taskinen MR, Jauhiainen M, Perola M, Peltonen L, Syvänen AC. USF1 gene variants contribute to metabolic traits in men in a longitudinal 32-year follow-up study. Diabetologia 2008; 51:464-72. [PMID: 18097648 DOI: 10.1007/s00125-007-0892-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2007] [Accepted: 10/12/2007] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
AIMS/HYPOTHESIS Genetic variants of upstream transcription factor 1 (USF1) have previously been associated with dyslipidaemias in family studies. Our aim was to further address the role of USF1 in metabolic syndrome and cardiovascular traits at the population level in a large Swedish male cohort (n=2,322) with multiple measurements for risk factors during 32 years of follow-up. METHODS Participants, born in 1920-1924, were examined at 50, 60, 70 and 77 years of age. The follow-up period for cardiovascular events was 1970-2002. We genotyped three haplotype tagging polymorphisms capturing the major allelic variants of USF1. RESULTS SNP rs2774279 was associated with the metabolic syndrome. The minor allele of rs2774279 was less common among individuals with metabolic syndrome than among healthy controls [p=0.0029 when metabolic syndrome was defined according to the National Cholesterol Education Program Adult Treatment Panel III; p=0.0073 when defined according to the International Diabetes Federation (IDF)]. The minor allele of rs2774279 was also associated with lower BMI, lower fasting glucose values and higher HDL-cholesterol concentrations in longitudinal analyses. With SNP rs2073658, a borderline association with metabolic syndrome was observed (p=0.036, IDF), the minor allele being the risk-increasing allele. The minor allele of rs2073658 also associated with higher total and LDL-cholesterol, apolipoprotein B-100 and lipoprotein(a) concentrations in longitudinal analyses. Importantly, these trends with respect to the allelic variants prevailed throughout the follow-up time of three decades. CONCLUSIONS/INTERPRETATION Our results suggest that USF1 variants associate with the metabolic syndrome at population level and influence the cardiovascular risk factors throughout adulthood in a consistent, longitudinal manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Auro
- Department of Molecular Medicine, National Public Health Institute, Biomedicum, Haartmaninkatu 8, 00290 Helsinki, Finland
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Kristiansson K, Ilveskoski E, Lehtimäki T, Peltonen L, Perola M, Karhunen PJ. Association analysis of allelic variants of USF1 in coronary atherosclerosis. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2008; 28:983-9. [PMID: 18276913 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.107.156463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE USF1 regulates the transcription of more than 40 cardiovascular related genes and is well established as a gene associated with familial combined hyperlipidemia, a condition increasing the risk for coronary heart disease. No detailed data, however, exists on the impact of this gene to the critical outcome at the tissue level: different types of atherosclerotic lesions. METHODS AND RESULTS We analyzed the USF1 in 2 autopsy series of altogether 700 middle-aged men (the Helsinki Sudden Death Study) with quantitative morphometric measurements of coronary atherosclerosis. SNP rs2516839, tagging common USF1 haplotypes, associated with the presence of several types of atherosclerotic lesions, particularly with the proportion of advanced atherosclerotic plaques (P=0.02) and area of calcified lesions (P<0.001) of the coronary arteries. Importantly, carriers of risk alleles of rs2516839 also showed a 2-fold risk for sudden cardiac death (genotype TT versus CC; OR 2.10, 95% CI 1.17 to 3.75, P=0.04). The risk effect of rs2516839 was present also in aorta samples of the men. CONCLUSIONS Our findings in this unique study sample suggest that USF1 contributes to atherosclerosis, the pathological arterial wall phenotype resulting in coronary heart disease and in its most dramatic consequence-sudden cardiac death.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kati Kristiansson
- Department of Molecular Medicine, National Public Health Institute, Helsinki, Finland
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Lee SK, Kim HJ, Kim BJ, Jo YS, Park KS, Baik HW, Hyun SH, Lee JC, Kim SA. Body mass index is associated with USF1 haplotype in Korean premenopausal women. J Korean Med Sci 2008; 23:83-8. [PMID: 18303204 PMCID: PMC2526481 DOI: 10.3346/jkms.2008.23.1.83] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The upstream stimulatory factor 1 (USF1) gene has been shown to play an essential role as the cause of familial combined hyperlipidemia, and there are several association studies on the relationship between USF1 and metabolic disorders. In this study, we analyzed two single nucleotide polymorphisms in USF1 rs2073653 (306A>G) and rs2516840 (1748C>T) between the case (dyslipidemia or obesity) group and the control group in premenopausal females, postmenopausal females, and males among 275 Korean subjects. We observed a statistically significant difference in the GC haplotype between body mass index (BMI) > or =25 kg/m2) and BMI <25 kg/m2 groups in premenopausal females ( chi2=4.23, p=0.04). It seems that the USF1 GC haplotype is associated with BMI in premenopausal Korean females.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seong-Kyu Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Eulji University, Daejeon, Korea
- Department of Biochemistry-Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, Eulji University, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Hyun-Jin Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Eulji University, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Byung-Joon Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Eulji University, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Young-Suk Jo
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Eulji University, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Kang-Seo Park
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Eulji University, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Haing-Woon Baik
- Department of Biochemistry-Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, Eulji University, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Sung Hee Hyun
- Department of Clinical Pathology, School of Medicine, Eulji University, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Je Chul Lee
- Department of Microbiology, Kyungpook National University School of Medicine, Daegu, Korea
| | - Soon Ae Kim
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Eulji University, Daejeon, Korea
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Rada-Iglesias A, Ameur A, Kapranov P, Enroth S, Komorowski J, Gingeras TR, Wadelius C. Whole-genome maps of USF1 and USF2 binding and histone H3 acetylation reveal new aspects of promoter structure and candidate genes for common human disorders. Genome Res 2008; 18:380-92. [PMID: 18230803 DOI: 10.1101/gr.6880908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Transcription factors and histone modifications are crucial regulators of gene expression that mutually influence each other. We present the DNA binding profiles of upstream stimulatory factors 1 and 2 (USF1, USF2) and acetylated histone H3 (H3ac) in a liver cell line for the whole human genome using ChIP-chip at a resolution of 35 base pairs. We determined that these three proteins bind mostly in proximity of protein coding genes transcription start sites (TSSs), and their bindings are positively correlated with gene expression levels. Based on the spatial and functional relationship between USFs and H3ac at protein coding gene promoters, we found similar promoter architecture for known genes and the novel and less-characterized transcripts human mRNAs and spliced ESTs. Furthermore, our analysis revealed a previously underestimated abundance of genes in a bidirectional conformation, where USFs are bound in between TSSs. After taking into account this promoter conformation, the results indicate that H3ac is mainly located downstream of TSS, and it is at this genomic location where it positively correlates with gene expression. Finally, USF1, which is associated to familial combined hyperlipidemia, was found to bind and potentially regulate nuclear mitochondrial genes as well as genes for lipid and cholesterol metabolism, frequently in collaboration with GA binding protein transcription factor alpha (GABPA, nuclear respiratory factor 2 [NRF-2]). This expands our understanding about the transcriptional control of metabolic processes and its alteration in metabolic disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alvaro Rada-Iglesias
- Department of Genetics and Pathology, Rudbeck Laboratory, Uppsala University, SE-75185 Uppsala, Sweden
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Huertas-Vazquez A, Plaisier C, Weissglas-Volkov D, Sinsheimer J, Canizales-Quinteros S, Cruz-Bautista I, Nikkola E, Herrera-Hernandez M, Davila-Cervantes A, Tusie-Luna T, Taskinen MR, Aguilar-Salinas C, Pajukanta P. TCF7L2 is associated with high serum triacylglycerol and differentially expressed in adipose tissue in families with familial combined hyperlipidaemia. Diabetologia 2008; 51:62-9. [PMID: 17972059 DOI: 10.1007/s00125-007-0850-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2007] [Accepted: 09/19/2007] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
AIMS/HYPOTHESIS Common DNA variants of the transcription factor 7-like 2 gene (TCF7L2) are associated with type 2 diabetes. Familial combined hyperlipidaemia (FCHL) is characterised by hypertriacylglycerolaemia, hypercholesterolaemia, or both. Additionally, disturbances in glucose metabolism are commonly seen in FCHL. Therefore, we hypothesised that TCF7L2 may contribute to the genetic susceptibility for this common dyslipidaemia. METHODS We investigated the effect of the TCF7L2 variants, rs7903146 and rs12255372, on FCHL and its component traits triacylglycerol (TG), total cholesterol (TC) and apolipoprotein B (ApoB) in 759 individuals from 55 Mexican families. As a replication sample, 719 individuals from 60 Finnish FCHL families were analysed. We also used quantitative RT-PCR to evaluate the transcript levels of TCF7L2 in 47 subcutaneous fat biopsies from unrelated Mexican FCHL and normolipidaemic participants. RESULTS Significant evidence for association was observed for high TG for the T alleles of rs7903146 and rs12255372 (p = 0.005 and p = 0.01) in Mexican FCHL families. No evidence for association was observed for FCHL, TC, ApoB or glucose in Mexicans. When testing rs7903146 and rs12255372 for replication in Finnish FCHL families, these single nucleotide polymorphisms were associated with TG (p = 0.01 and p = 0.007). Furthermore, we observed statistically significant decreases in the mRNA levels (p = 0.0002) of TCF7L2 in FCHL- and TG-affected individuals. TCF7L2 expression was not altered by the SNP genotypes. CONCLUSIONS/INTERPRETATION These data show that rs7903146 and rs12255372 are significantly associated with high TG in FCHL families from two different populations. In addition, significantly decreased expression of TCF7L2 was observed in TG- and FCHL-affected individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Huertas-Vazquez
- Department of Human Genetics, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
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Weber C, Fraemohs L, Dejana E. The role of junctional adhesion molecules in vascular inflammation. Nat Rev Immunol 2007; 7:467-77. [PMID: 17525755 DOI: 10.1038/nri2096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 356] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Junctional adhesion molecules (JAMs) of the immunoglobulin superfamily are important in the control of vascular permeability and leukocyte transmigration across endothelial-cell surfaces, by engaging in homophilic, heterophilic and lateral interactions. Through their localization on the endothelial-cell surface and expression by platelets, JAMs contribute to adhesive interactions with circulating leukocytes and platelets. Antibody-blocking studies and studies using genetically modified mice have implicated these functions of JAMs in the regulation of leukocyte recruitment to sites of inflammation and ischaemia-reperfusion injury, in growth-factor-mediated angiogenesis, atherogenesis and neointima formation. The comparison of different JAM-family members and animal models, however, shows that the picture remains rather complex. This Review summarizes recent progress and future directions in understanding the role of JAMs as 'gate keepers' in inflammation and vascular pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Weber
- Institute for Molecular Cardiovascular Research, RWTH University Hospital, 52074 Aachen, Germany.
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Nohara A, Kawashiri MA, Claudel T, Mizuno M, Tsuchida M, Takata M, Katsuda S, Miwa K, Inazu A, Kuipers F, Kobayashi J, Koizumi J, Yamagishi M, Mabuchi H. High Frequency of a Retinoid X Receptor γ Gene Variant in Familial Combined Hyperlipidemia That Associates With Atherogenic Dyslipidemia. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2007; 27:923-8. [PMID: 17272748 DOI: 10.1161/01.atv.0000258945.76141.8a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The genetic background of familial combined hyperlipidemia (FCHL) has not been fully clarified. Because several nuclear receptors play pivotal roles in lipid metabolism, we tested the hypothesis that genetic variants of nuclear receptors contribute to FCHL. METHODS AND RESULTS We screened all the coding regions of the PPARalpha, PPARgamma2, PPARdelta, FXR, LXRalpha, and RXRgamma genes in 180 hyperlipidemic patients including 60 FCHL probands. Clinical characteristics of the identified variants were evaluated in other 175 patients suspected of coronary disease. We identified PPARalpha Asp140Asn and Gly395Glu, PPARgamma2 Pro12Ala, RXRgamma Gly14Ser, and FXR -1g->t variants. Only RXRgamma Ser14 was more frequent in FCHL (15%, P<0.05) than in other primary hyperlipidemia (4%) and in controls (5%). Among patients suspected of coronary disease, we identified 9 RXRgamma Ser14 carriers, who showed increased triglycerides (1.62+/-0.82 versus 1.91+/-0.42 [mean+/-SD] mmol/L, P<0.05), decreased HDL-cholesterol (1.32+/-0.41 versus 1.04+/-0.26, P<0.05), and decreased post-heparin plasma lipoprotein lipase protein levels (222+/-85 versus 149+/-38 ng/mL, P<0.01). In vitro, RXRgamma Ser14 showed significantly stronger repression of the lipoprotein lipase promoter than RXRgamma Gly14. CONCLUSION These findings suggest that RXRgamma contributes to the genetic background of FCHL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atsushi Nohara
- Department of Lipidology, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kanazawa University, Takara-machi 13-1, Kanazawa 920-8641, Japan.
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van der Vleuten GM, Isaacs A, Zeng WW, ter Avest E, Talmud PJ, Dallinga-Thie GM, van Duijn CM, Stalenhoef AFH, de Graaf J. Haplotype analyses of the APOA5 gene in patients with familial combined hyperlipidemia. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2006; 1772:81-8. [PMID: 17157483 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2006.10.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2006] [Revised: 10/15/2006] [Accepted: 10/20/2006] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Familial combined hyperlipidemia (FCH) is the most common genetic lipid disorder with an undefined genetic etiology. Apolipoprotein A5 gene (APOA5) variants were previously shown to contribute to FCH. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the association of APOA5 variants with FCH and its related phenotypes in Dutch FCH patients. Furthermore, the effects of variants in the APOA5 gene on carotid intima-media thickness (IMT) and cardiovascular disease (CVD) were examined. MATERIALS AND METHODS The study population consisted of 36 Dutch families, including 157 FCH patients. Two polymorphisms in the APOA5 gene (-1131T>C and S19W) were genotyped. RESULTS Haplotype analysis of APOA5 showed an association with FCH (p=0.029), total cholesterol (p=0.031), triglycerides (p<0.001), apolipoprotein B (p=0.011), HDL-cholesterol (p=0.013), small dense LDL (p=0.010) and remnant-like particle cholesterol (p=0.001). Compared to S19 homozygotes, 19W carriers had an increased risk of FCH (OR=1.6 [1.0-2.6]; p=0.026) and a more atherogenic lipid profile, reflected by higher triglyceride (+22%) and apolipoprotein B levels (+5%), decreased HDL-cholesterol levels (-7%) and an increased prevalence of small dense LDL (16% vs. 26%). In carriers of the -1131C allele, small dense LDL was more prevalent than in -1131T homozygotes (29% vs. 16%). No association of the APOA5 gene with IMT and CVD was evident. CONCLUSION In Dutch FCH families, variants in the APOA5 gene are associated with FCH and an atherogenic lipid profile.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gerly M van der Vleuten
- Department of Medicine, Division of General Internal Medicine, 463, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Centre, P.O. Box 9101, 6500 HB, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
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van der Vleuten GM, Isaacs A, Hijmans A, van Duijn CM, Stalenhoef AFH, de Graaf J. The involvement of upstream stimulatory factor 1 in Dutch patients with familial combined hyperlipidemia. J Lipid Res 2006; 48:193-200. [PMID: 17065663 DOI: 10.1194/jlr.m600184-jlr200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Recently, the upstream stimulatory factor 1 gene (USF1) was proposed as a candidate gene for familial combined hyperlipidemia (FCH). In this study, we examined the previously identified risk haplotype of USF1 with respect to FCH and its related phenotypes in 36 Dutch FCH families. The diagnosis of FCH was based on both the traditional diagnostic criteria and a nomogram. The two polymorphisms, USF1s1 and USF1s2, were in complete linkage disequilibrium. No association was found for the individual single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) with FCH defined by the nomogram (USF1s1, P = 0.53; USF1s2, P = 0.53), whereas suggestive associations were found when using the traditional diagnostic criteria for FCH (USF1s1, P = 0.08; USF1s2, P = 0.07). USF1 was associated with total cholesterol (USF1s1, P = 0.05; USF1s2, P = 0.04) and apolipoprotein B (USF1s1, P = 0.06; USF1s2, P = 0.04). Small dense LDL showed a suggestive association (USF1s1, P = 0.10; USF1s2, P = 0.09). The results from the haplotype analyses supported the results obtained for the individual SNPs. In conclusion, the previously identified risk haplotype of USF1 showed a suggestive association with FCH and contributed to the related lipid traits in our Dutch FCH families.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gerly M van der Vleuten
- Department of Medicine, Division of General Internal Medicine, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
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Brouwers MCGJ, Cantor RM, Kono N, Yoon JL, van der Kallen CJH, Bilderbeek-Beckers MAL, van Greevenbroek MMJ, Lusis AJ, de Bruin TWA. Heritability and genetic loci of fatty liver in familial combined hyperlipidemia. J Lipid Res 2006; 47:2799-807. [PMID: 16971732 DOI: 10.1194/jlr.m600312-jlr200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
VLDL overproduction, a process that is driven by an excess amount of hepatic fat, is a well-documented feature of familial combined hyperlipidemia (FCHL). The aims of this study were to investigate whether fatty liver, measured with ultrasound and as plasma alanine aminotransferase (ALT) levels, develops against a genetic background in FCHL and to identify chromosomal loci that are linked to these traits. In total, 157 FCHL family members and 20 spouses participated in this study. Radiological evidence of fatty liver was more prevalent not only in FCHL probands (40%) but also in their relatives (35%) compared with spouses (15%) (P < 0.05). Heritability calculations revealed that 20-36% of the variability in ALT levels could be attributed to genetic factors. Nonparametric quantitative trait locus (QTL) analysis revealed three significant (P < 0.001) loci with either the ultrasound or the ALT trait in the male sample: 1q42.3, 7p12-21, and 22p13-q11; none was found in the female sample or the entire group. Of these QTLs, the 7p region was consistent over time, because reanalysis with ALT levels that were determined during a visit 5 years earlier yielded similar results. This study shows that fatty liver is a heritable aspect of FCHL. Replication of particularly the 7p region is awaited.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martijn C G J Brouwers
- Department of Medicine and Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht, Academic Hospital Maastricht, Maastricht, The Netherlands.
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Reue K, Vergnes L. Approaches to lipid metabolism gene identification and characterization in the postgenomic era. J Lipid Res 2006; 47:1891-907. [PMID: 16835441 DOI: 10.1194/jlr.r600020-jlr200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The availability of genomic resources has already had a tremendous impact on biomedical research. In this review, we describe how whole genome sequence and high-throughput functional genomics projects have facilitated the identification and characterization of important genes in lipid metabolism and disease. We review key approaches and lipid genes identified in the first years of this century and discuss how genomic resources are likely to streamline gene identification and functional characterization in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karen Reue
- Department of Human Genetics and Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA.
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Weissglas-Volkov D, Huertas-Vazquez A, Suviolahti E, Lee J, Plaisier C, Canizales-Quinteros S, Tusie-Luna T, Aguilar-Salinas C, Taskinen MR, Pajukanta P. Common hepatic nuclear factor-4alpha variants are associated with high serum lipid levels and the metabolic syndrome. Diabetes 2006; 55:1970-7. [PMID: 16804065 DOI: 10.2337/db06-0035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Hepatic nuclear factor-4alpha (HNF-4alpha), a transcription factor involved in the regulation of serum lipid and glucose levels, has recently been associated with type 2 diabetes. The HNF-4alpha gene (HNF4A) resides on chromosome 20q12-q13.1, which, in addition to type 2 diabetes, has also previously been linked to high triglycerides in Finnish familial combined hyperlipidemia (FCHL) families. FCHL, characterized by elevated levels of serum total cholesterol, triglycerides, or both, is a common dyslipidemia observed in up to 20% of patients with premature coronary heart disease. Considering the clear phenotypic overlap between type 2 diabetes and FCHL, both predisposing to high serum triglycerides and glucose intolerance, we tested this gene for association in dyslipidemic families originating from two distinct populations, Finnish and Mexican, and comprising 1,447 subjects. Our data show that common HNF4A variants and haplotypes are associated with elevated serum lipid levels and the metabolic syndrome (P = 0.008-0.04), as well as with elevated glucose parameters (P = 0.008-0.03), using family-based association analysis. Importantly, both Finnish and Mexican families shared two common lipid-associated HNF4A haplotypes (P = 0.005 for total cholesterol and 0.006 for triglycerides). In conclusion, we show for the first time that common HNF4A variants are associated with high serum lipid levels and the metabolic syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daphna Weissglas-Volkov
- UCLA, Department of Human Genetics, Gonda Neuroscience and Genetics Research Center, 695 Charles E. Young Dr. South, Los Angeles, CA 90095-7088, USA
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Marcil M, Vu H, Cui W, Dastani Z, Engert JC, Gaudet D, Castro-Cabezas M, Sniderman AD, Genest J, Cianflone K. Identification of a Novel C5L2 Variant (S323I) in a French Canadian Family With Familial Combined Hyperlipemia. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2006; 26:1619-25. [PMID: 16627811 DOI: 10.1161/01.atv.0000222907.72985.0b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Objective—
A functional acylation stimulating protein (ASP) receptor, C5L2, has been recently identified in ASP-responsive cells. Impaired ASP-mediated triglyceride synthesis has previously been described in a subset of hyperapolipoprotein B/familial combined hyperlipidemia subjects.
Methods and Results—
DNA sequencing of C5L2 coding region in 61 unrelated probands identified a heterozygous variant (G968→T) in 1 subject, resulting in Ser323→Ile substitution in the carboxyl terminal region. This variant was not detected in 2176 additional chromosomes by restriction fragment length polymorphism or fluorescence polarization genotyping. Eight family members of the proband were identified with one altered (+/−)C5L2 allele. Nine other family members had the wild-type (+/+)C5L2 sequence. The abnormal allele was associated with increased plasma triglyceride, plasma cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol, apolipoprotein B and ASP. Of 23 subjects tested in cell-based ASP bioactivity assays, those with C5L2(+/−) variant (n=2) had a 50% reduction in ASP-stimulated triglyceride synthesis, glucose transport and marked reduction in maximal binding (B
max
). By contrast, a C5L2(+/+) family member responded normally, as did hyperapolipoprotein B normal ASP subjects compared with C5L2(+/+) controls (n=6).
Conclusion—
The S323I variant may alter C5L2 function and might be one molecular basis contributing to familial combined hyperlipidemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michel Marcil
- Centre de Recherche Hôpital Laval, Université Laval, Y2186, 2725 Chemin Ste Foy, Ste Foy, Québec, G1V 4G5
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