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Zhou Z, Hughes K, Saif N, Kim H, Massett MP, Zheng M, Cecchi AC, Guo D, Murdock DR, Pan P, Clinton JS, Wang J, Greally JM, Milewicz DM. MYH11 rare variant augments aortic growth and induces cardiac hypertrophy and heart failure with pressure overload. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.08.15.608063. [PMID: 39185210 PMCID: PMC11343208 DOI: 10.1101/2024.08.15.608063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/27/2024]
Abstract
Smooth muscle cell-specific myosin heavy chain, encoded by MYH11, is selectively expressed in smooth muscle cells (SMCs). Pathogenic variants in MYH11 predispose to a number of disorders, including heritable thoracic aortic disease associated with patent ductus arteriosus, visceral myopathy, and megacystis-microcolon-intestinal hypoperistalsis syndrome. Rare variants of uncertain significance occur throughout the gene, including MYH11 p.Glu1892Asp, and we sought to determine if this variant causes thoracic aortic disease in mice. Genomic editing was used to generate Myh11 E1892D/E1892D mice. Wild-type (WT) and mutant mice underwent cardiovascular phenotyping and with transverse aortic constriction (TAC). Myh11 E1892D/E1892D and WT mice displayed similar growth, blood pressure, root and ascending aortic diameters, and cardiac function up to 13 months of age, along with similar contraction and relaxation on myographic testing. TAC induced hypertension similarly in Myh11 E1892D/E1892D and WT mice, but mutant mice showed augmented ascending aortic enlargement and increased elastic fragmentation on histology. Unexpectedly, male Myh11 E1892D/E1892D mice two weeks post-TAC had decreased ejection fraction, stroke volume, fractional shortening, and cardiac output compared to similarly treated male WT mice. Importantly, left ventricular mass increased significantly due to primarily posterior wall thickening, and cardiac histology confirmed cardiomyocyte hypertrophy and increased collagen deposition in the myocardium and surrounding arteries. These results further highlight the clinical heterogeneity associated with MYH11 rare variants. Given that MYH11 is selectively expressed in SMCs, these results implicate a role of vascular SMCs in the heart contributing to cardiac hypertrophy and failure with pressure overload.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Zhou
- Division of Medical Genetics, Department of Internal Medicine, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston McGovern Medical School, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Kgosi Hughes
- Division of Medical Genetics, Department of Internal Medicine, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston McGovern Medical School, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Nisha Saif
- Division of Medical Genetics, Department of Internal Medicine, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston McGovern Medical School, Houston, TX, USA
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Hyoseon Kim
- Department Kinesiology & Sport Management, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX, USA
| | - Michael P Massett
- Department Kinesiology & Sport Management, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX, USA
| | - Mingjie Zheng
- Department of Pediatrics, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston McGovern Medical School, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Alana C Cecchi
- Division of Medical Genetics, Department of Internal Medicine, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston McGovern Medical School, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Dongchuan Guo
- Division of Medical Genetics, Department of Internal Medicine, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston McGovern Medical School, Houston, TX, USA
| | - David R Murdock
- Division of Medical Genetics, Department of Internal Medicine, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston McGovern Medical School, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Ping Pan
- Division of Medical Genetics, Department of Internal Medicine, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston McGovern Medical School, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Jelita S Clinton
- Division of Medical Genetics, Department of Internal Medicine, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston McGovern Medical School, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Jun Wang
- Department of Pediatrics, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston McGovern Medical School, Houston, TX, USA
| | - John M Greally
- Department of Genetics, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, NY, USA
| | - Dianna M Milewicz
- Division of Medical Genetics, Department of Internal Medicine, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston McGovern Medical School, Houston, TX, USA
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2
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Xu TT, Deng YY, Yu XY, Li M, Fu YY. Natural autophagy modulators in non-communicable diseases: from autophagy mechanisms to therapeutic potential. Acta Pharmacol Sin 2024:10.1038/s41401-024-01356-y. [PMID: 39090393 DOI: 10.1038/s41401-024-01356-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2024] [Accepted: 07/04/2024] [Indexed: 08/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Non-communicable diseases (NCDs) are defined as a kind of diseases closely related to bad behaviors and lifestyles, e.g., cardiovascular diseases, cancer, and diabetes. Driven by population growth and aging, NCDs have become the biggest disease burden in the world, and it is urgent to prevent and control these chronic diseases. Autophagy is an evolutionarily conserved process that degrade cellular senescent or malfunctioning organelles in lysosomes. Mounting evidence has demonstrated a major role of autophagy in the pathogenesis of cardiovascular diseases, cancer, and other major human diseases, suggesting that autophagy could be a candidate therapeutic target for NCDs. Natural products/phytochemicals are important resources for drugs against a wide variety of diseases. Recently, compounds from natural plants, such as resveratrol, curcumin, and ursolic acid, have been recognized as promising autophagy modulators. In this review, we address recent advances and the current status of the development of natural autophagy modulators in NCDs and provide an update of the latest in vitro and in vivo experiments that pave the way to clinical studies. Specifically, we focus on the relationship between natural autophagy modulators and NCDs, with an intent to identify natural autophagy modulators with therapeutic potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting-Ting Xu
- NMPA Key Laboratory for Clinical Research and Evaluation of Drug for Thoracic Diseases, Key Laboratory of Molecular Target & Clinical Pharmacology and the State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences & The Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 511436, China
| | - Ying-Yi Deng
- NMPA Key Laboratory for Clinical Research and Evaluation of Drug for Thoracic Diseases, Key Laboratory of Molecular Target & Clinical Pharmacology and the State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences & The Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 511436, China
| | - Xi-Yong Yu
- NMPA Key Laboratory for Clinical Research and Evaluation of Drug for Thoracic Diseases, Key Laboratory of Molecular Target & Clinical Pharmacology and the State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences & The Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 511436, China.
| | - Min Li
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chiral Molecule and Drug Discovery, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Design and Evaluation, National and Local United Engineering Lab of Druggability and New Drugs Evaluation, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510006, China.
| | - Yuan-Yuan Fu
- NMPA Key Laboratory for Clinical Research and Evaluation of Drug for Thoracic Diseases, Key Laboratory of Molecular Target & Clinical Pharmacology and the State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences & The Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 511436, China.
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3
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Maroli G, Schänzer A, Günther S, Garcia-Gonzalez C, Rupp S, Schlierbach H, Chen Y, Graumann J, Wietelmann A, Kim J, Braun T. Inhibition of autophagy prevents cardiac dysfunction at early stages of cardiomyopathy in Bag3-deficient hearts. J Mol Cell Cardiol 2024; 193:53-66. [PMID: 38838815 DOI: 10.1016/j.yjmcc.2024.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2023] [Revised: 05/31/2024] [Accepted: 06/02/2024] [Indexed: 06/07/2024]
Abstract
The HSP70 co-chaperone BAG3 targets unfolded proteins to degradation via chaperone assisted selective autophagy (CASA), thereby playing pivotal roles in the proteostasis of adult cardiomyocytes (CMs). However, the complex functions of BAG3 for regulating autophagy in cardiac disease are not completely understood. Here, we demonstrate that conditional inactivation of Bag3 in murine CMs leads to age-dependent dysregulation of autophagy, associated with progressive cardiomyopathy. Surprisingly, Bag3-deficient CMs show increased canonical and non-canonical autophagic flux in the juvenile period when first signs of cardiac dysfunction appear, but reduced autophagy during later stages of the disease. Juvenile Bag3-deficient CMs are characterized by decreased levels of soluble proteins involved in synchronous contraction of the heart, including the gap junction protein Connexin 43 (CX43). Reiterative administration of chloroquine (CQ), an inhibitor of canonical and non-canonical autophagy, but not inactivation of Atg5, restores normal concentrations of soluble cardiac proteins in juvenile Bag3-deficient CMs without an increase of detergent-insoluble proteins, leading to complete recovery of early-stage cardiac dysfunction in Bag3-deficient mice. We conclude that loss of Bag3 in CMs leads to age-dependent differences in autophagy and cardiac dysfunction. Increased non-canonical autophagic flux in the juvenile period removes soluble proteins involved in cardiac contraction, leading to early-stage cardiomyopathy, which is prevented by reiterative CQ treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovanni Maroli
- Department of Cardiac Development and Remodeling, Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, 61231 Bad Nauheim, Germany.; Department of Lung Development and Remodeling, Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, 61231 Bad Nauheim, Germany..
| | - Anne Schänzer
- Institute of Neuropathology, Justus Liebig University Giessen, 35392 Giessen, Germany
| | - Stefan Günther
- Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Bioinformatics and deep sequencing platform, Ludwigstr. 43., 61231 Bad Nauheim, Germany
| | - Claudia Garcia-Gonzalez
- Department of Cardiac Development and Remodeling, Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, 61231 Bad Nauheim, Germany.; Department of Morphology and Cell Biology, University of Oviedo, 33006 Oviedo, Spain
| | - Stefan Rupp
- Department of Pediatric Cardiology and Congenital Heart Disease, Justus Liebig University Giessen, 35392 Giessen, Germany
| | - Hannah Schlierbach
- Institute of Neuropathology, Justus Liebig University Giessen, 35392 Giessen, Germany
| | - Yanpu Chen
- Department of Cardiac Development and Remodeling, Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, 61231 Bad Nauheim, Germany
| | - Johannes Graumann
- Biomolecular Mass Spectrometry, Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, 61231 Bad Nauheim, Germany.; The German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Rhine-Main
| | - Astrid Wietelmann
- Magnetic Resonance Imaging Group, Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, 61231 Bad Nauheim, Germany
| | - Johnny Kim
- Department of Cardiac Development and Remodeling, Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, 61231 Bad Nauheim, Germany
| | - Thomas Braun
- Department of Cardiac Development and Remodeling, Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, 61231 Bad Nauheim, Germany.; The German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Rhine-Main..
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4
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Zhang H, Muhetarijiang M, Chen RJ, Hu X, Han J, Zheng L, Chen T. Mitochondrial Dysfunction: A Roadmap for Understanding and Tackling Cardiovascular Aging. Aging Dis 2024:AD.2024.0058. [PMID: 38739929 DOI: 10.14336/ad.2024.0058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2024] [Accepted: 05/08/2024] [Indexed: 05/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular aging is a progressive remodeling process constituting a variety of cellular and molecular alterations that are closely linked to mitochondrial dysfunction. Therefore, gaining a deeper understanding of the changes in mitochondrial function during cardiovascular aging is crucial for preventing cardiovascular diseases. Cardiac aging is accompanied by fibrosis, cardiomyocyte hypertrophy, metabolic changes, and infiltration of immune cells, collectively contributing to the overall remodeling of the heart. Similarly, during vascular aging, there is a profound remodeling of blood vessel structure. These remodeling present damage to endothelial cells, increased vascular stiffness, impaired formation of new blood vessels (angiogenesis), the development of arteriosclerosis, and chronic vascular inflammation. This review underscores the role of mitochondrial dysfunction in cardiac aging, exploring its impact on fibrosis and myocardial alterations, metabolic remodeling, immune response remodeling, as well as in vascular aging in the heart. Additionally, we emphasize the significance of mitochondria-targeted therapies in preventing cardiovascular diseases in the elderly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Mairedan Muhetarijiang
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Ryan J Chen
- School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiaosheng Hu
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jie Han
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Liangrong Zheng
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Ting Chen
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Precision Medicine for Atherosclerotic Diseases of Zhejiang Province, Affiliated First Hospital of Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
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5
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Cai M, Wu P, Ni W, Huang D, Wang X. mTORC1 hyperactivation and resultant suppression of macroautophagy contribute to the induction of cardiomyocyte necroptosis by catecholamine surges. Physiol Rep 2024; 12:e15966. [PMID: 38444056 PMCID: PMC10915131 DOI: 10.14814/phy2.15966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2023] [Revised: 02/17/2024] [Accepted: 02/26/2024] [Indexed: 03/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Previous studies revealed a controversial role of mechanistic target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1) and mTORC1-regulated macroautophagy in isoproterenol (ISO)-induced cardiac injury. Here we investigated the role of mTORC1 and potential underlying mechanisms in ISO-induced cardiomyocyte necrosis. Two consecutive daily injections of ISO (85 mg/kg, s.c.) or vehicle control (CTL) were administered to C57BL/6J mice with or without rapamycin (RAP, 5 mg/kg, i.p.) pretreatment. Western blot analyses showed that myocardial mTORC1 signaling and the RIPK1-RIPK3-MLKL necroptotic pathway were activated, mRNA expression analyses revealed downregulation of representative TFEB target genes, and Evan's blue dye uptake assays detected increased cardiomyocyte necrosis in ISO-treated mice. However, RAP pretreatment prevented or significantly attenuated the ISO-induced cardiomyocyte necrosis, myocardial inflammation, downregulation of TFEB target genes, and activation of the RIPK1-RIPK3-MLKL pathway. LC3-II flux assays confirmed the impairment of myocardial autophagic flux in the ISO-treated mice. In cultured neonatal rat cardiomyocytes, mTORC1 signaling was also activated by ISO, and inhibition of mTORC1 by RAP attenuated ISO-induced cytotoxicity. These findings suggest that mTORC1 hyperactivation and resultant suppression of macroautophagy play a major role in the induction of cardiomyocyte necroptosis by catecholamine surges, identifying mTORC1 inhibition as a potential strategy to treat heart diseases with catecholamine surges.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingqi Cai
- Heart CenterShanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineShanghaiChina
- Division of Basic Biomedical SciencesSanford School of Medicine of the University of South DakotaVermillionSouth DakotaUSA
| | - Penglong Wu
- Division of Basic Biomedical SciencesSanford School of Medicine of the University of South DakotaVermillionSouth DakotaUSA
- Department of Cardiology, Xiamen Cardiovascular Hospital of Xiamen University, School of MedicineXiamen UniversityXiamenChina
| | - Wei Ni
- Department of Cardiology, Xiamen Cardiovascular Hospital of Xiamen University, School of MedicineXiamen UniversityXiamenChina
| | - Dong Huang
- Heart CenterShanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineShanghaiChina
| | - Xuejun Wang
- Division of Basic Biomedical SciencesSanford School of Medicine of the University of South DakotaVermillionSouth DakotaUSA
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6
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Khalaji A, Mehrtabar S, Jabraeilipour A, Doustar N, Rahmani Youshanlouei H, Tahavvori A, Fattahi P, Alavi SMA, Taha SR, Fazlollahpour-Naghibi A, Shariat Zadeh M. Inhibitory effect of microRNA-21 on pathways and mechanisms involved in cardiac fibrosis development. Ther Adv Cardiovasc Dis 2024; 18:17539447241253134. [PMID: 38819836 PMCID: PMC11143841 DOI: 10.1177/17539447241253134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2023] [Accepted: 04/18/2024] [Indexed: 06/01/2024] Open
Abstract
Cardiac fibrosis is a pivotal cardiovascular disease (CVD) process and represents a notable health concern worldwide. While the complex mechanisms underlying CVD have been widely investigated, recent research has highlighted microRNA-21's (miR-21) role in cardiac fibrosis pathogenesis. In this narrative review, we explore the molecular interactions, focusing on the role of miR-21 in contributing to cardiac fibrosis. Various signaling pathways, such as the RAAS, TGF-β, IL-6, IL-1, ERK, PI3K-Akt, and PTEN pathways, besides dysregulation in fibroblast activity, matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs), and tissue inhibitors of MMPs cause cardiac fibrosis. Besides, miR-21 in growth factor secretion, apoptosis, and endothelial-to-mesenchymal transition play crucial roles. miR-21 capacity regulatory function presents promising insights for cardiac fibrosis. Moreover, this review discusses numerous approaches to control miR-21 expression, including antisense oligonucleotides, anti-miR-21 compounds, and Notch signaling modulation, all novel methods of cardiac fibrosis inhibition. In summary, this narrative review aims to assess the molecular mechanisms of cardiac fibrosis and its essential miR-21 function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amirreza Khalaji
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz 5166/15731, Iran
- Connective Tissue Diseases Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Saba Mehrtabar
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
- Connective Tissue Diseases Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | | | - Nadia Doustar
- Faculty of Medicine, Ardabil University of Medical Sciences, Ardabil, Iran
| | | | - Amir Tahavvori
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran
| | - Payam Fattahi
- Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Seyed Reza Taha
- Oncopathology Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Andarz Fazlollahpour-Naghibi
- Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine Research Center, Health Research Institute, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran
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7
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Kaplan JL, Rivas VN, Connolly DJ. Advancing Treatments for Feline Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy: The Role of Animal Models and Targeted Therapeutics. Vet Clin North Am Small Anim Pract 2023; 53:1293-1308. [PMID: 37414693 DOI: 10.1016/j.cvsm.2023.05.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/08/2023]
Abstract
Feline HCM is the most common cardiovascular disease in cats, leading to devastating outcomes, including congestive heart failure (CHF), arterial thromboembolism (ATE), and sudden death. Evidence demonstrating long-term survival benefit with currently available therapies is lacking. Therefore, it is imperative to explore intricate genetic and molecular pathways that drive HCM pathophysiology to inspire the development of novel therapeutics. Several clinical trials exploring new drug therapies are currently underway, including those investigating small molecule inhibitors and rapamycin. This article outlines the key work performed using cellular and animal models that has led to and continues to guide the development of new innovative therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanna L Kaplan
- Department of Medicine and Epidemiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, CA, USA.
| | - Victor N Rivas
- Department of Medicine and Epidemiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
| | - David J Connolly
- Department of Clinical Science and Services, Royal Veterinary College, Hatfield, Hertfordshire, UK
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8
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Rivas VN, Kaplan JL, Kennedy SA, Fitzgerald S, Crofton AE, Farrell A, Grubb L, Jauregui CE, Grigorean G, Choi E, Harris SP, Stern JA. Multi-Omic, Histopathologic, and Clinicopathologic Effects of Once-Weekly Oral Rapamycin in a Naturally Occurring Feline Model of Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy: A Pilot Study. Animals (Basel) 2023; 13:3184. [PMID: 37893908 PMCID: PMC10603660 DOI: 10.3390/ani13203184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2023] [Revised: 10/09/2023] [Accepted: 10/10/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) remains the single most common cardiomyopathy in cats, with a staggering prevalence as high as 15%. To date, little to no direct therapeutical intervention for HCM exists for veterinary patients. A previous study aimed to evaluate the effects of delayed-release (DR) rapamycin dosing in a client-owned population of subclinical, non-obstructive, HCM-affected cats and reported that the drug was well tolerated and resulted in beneficial LV remodeling. However, the precise effects of rapamycin in the hypertrophied myocardium remain unknown. Using a feline research colony with naturally occurring hereditary HCM (n = 9), we embarked on the first-ever pilot study to examine the tissue-, urine-, and plasma-level proteomic and tissue-level transcriptomic effects of an intermittent low dose (0.15 mg/kg) and high dose (0.30 mg/kg) of DR oral rapamycin once weekly. Rapamycin remained safe and well tolerated in cats receiving both doses for eight weeks. Following repeated weekly dosing, transcriptomic differences between the low- and high-dose groups support dose-responsive suppressive effects on myocardial hypertrophy and stimulatory effects on autophagy. Differences in the myocardial proteome between treated and control cats suggest potential anti-coagulant/-thrombotic, cellular remodeling, and metabolic effects of the drug. The results of this study closely recapitulate what is observed in the human literature, and the use of rapamycin in the clinical setting as the first therapeutic agent with disease-modifying effects on HCM remains promising. The results of this study establish the need for future validation efforts that investigate the fine-scale relationship between rapamycin treatment and the most compelling gene expression and protein abundance differences reported here.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victor N. Rivas
- Department of Medicine and Epidemiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California-Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27607, USA
| | - Joanna L. Kaplan
- Department of Medicine and Epidemiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California-Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | | | | | - Amanda E. Crofton
- Department of Medicine and Epidemiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California-Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | | | | | - Carina E. Jauregui
- Department of Medicine and Epidemiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California-Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27607, USA
| | - Gabriela Grigorean
- Proteomics Core Facility, University of California-Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Eunju Choi
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California-Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA;
| | - Samantha P. Harris
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine-Tucson, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85724, USA
| | - Joshua A. Stern
- Department of Medicine and Epidemiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California-Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27607, USA
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9
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Zhou WH, Luo Y, Li RX, Degrace P, Jourdan T, Qiao F, Chen LQ, Zhang ML, Du ZY. Inhibition of mitochondrial fatty acid β-oxidation activates mTORC1 pathway and protein synthesis via Gcn5-dependent acetylation of Raptor in zebrafish. J Biol Chem 2023; 299:105220. [PMID: 37660921 PMCID: PMC10540046 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2023.105220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2023] [Revised: 08/15/2023] [Accepted: 08/16/2023] [Indexed: 09/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Pharmacological inhibition of mitochondrial fatty acid oxidation (FAO) has been clinically used to alleviate certain metabolic diseases by remodeling cellular metabolism. However, mitochondrial FAO inhibition also leads to mechanistic target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1) activation-related protein synthesis and tissue hypertrophy, but the mechanism remains unclear. Here, by using a mitochondrial FAO inhibitor (mildronate or etomoxir) or knocking out carnitine palmitoyltransferase-1, we revealed that mitochondrial FAO inhibition activated the mTORC1 pathway through general control nondepressible 5-dependent Raptor acetylation. Mitochondrial FAO inhibition significantly promoted glucose catabolism and increased intracellular acetyl-CoA levels. In response to the increased intracellular acetyl-CoA, acetyltransferase general control nondepressible 5 activated mTORC1 by catalyzing Raptor acetylation through direct interaction. Further investigation also screened Raptor deacetylase histone deacetylase class II and identified histone deacetylase 7 as a potential regulator of Raptor. These results provide a possible mechanistic explanation for the mTORC1 activation after mitochondrial FAO inhibition and also bring light to reveal the roles of nutrient metabolic remodeling in regulating protein acetylation by affecting acetyl-CoA production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Hao Zhou
- LANEH, School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, P.R. China
| | - Yuan Luo
- LANEH, School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, P.R. China
| | - Rui-Xin Li
- LANEH, School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, P.R. China
| | - Pascal Degrace
- Pathophysiology of Dyslipidemia Research Group, INSERM UMR1231 CTM (Center for Translational and Molecular Medicine) Ex-Lipids, Nutrition, Cancer, Université de Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Dijon, France
| | - Tony Jourdan
- Pathophysiology of Dyslipidemia Research Group, INSERM UMR1231 CTM (Center for Translational and Molecular Medicine) Ex-Lipids, Nutrition, Cancer, Université de Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Dijon, France
| | - Fang Qiao
- LANEH, School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, P.R. China
| | - Li-Qiao Chen
- LANEH, School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, P.R. China
| | - Mei-Ling Zhang
- LANEH, School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, P.R. China
| | - Zhen-Yu Du
- LANEH, School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, P.R. China.
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10
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Furusawa S, Ikeda M, Ide T, Kanamura T, Miyamoto HD, Abe K, Ishimaru K, Watanabe M, Tsutsui Y, Miyake R, Fujita S, Tohyama T, Matsushima S, Baba Y, Tsutsui H. Cardiac Autoantibodies Against Cardiac Troponin I in Post-Myocardial Infarction Heart Failure: Evaluation in a Novel Murine Model and Applications in Therapeutics. Circ Heart Fail 2023; 16:e010347. [PMID: 37522180 DOI: 10.1161/circheartfailure.122.010347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2022] [Accepted: 06/05/2023] [Indexed: 08/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cardiac autoantibodies (cAAbs) are involved in the progression of adverse cardiac remodeling in heart failure (HF). However, our understanding of cAAbs in HF is limited owing to the absence of relevant animal models. Herein, we aimed to establish and characterize a murine model of cAAb-positive HF after myocardial infarction (MI), thereby facilitating the development of therapeutics targeting cAAbs in post-MI HF. METHODS MI was induced in BALB/c mice. Plasma cAAbs were evaluated using modified Western blot-based methods. Prognosis, cardiac function, inflammation, and fibrosis were compared between cAAb-positive and cAAb-negative MI mice. Rapamycin was used to inhibit cAAb production. RESULTS Common cAAbs in BALB/c MI mice targeted cTnI (cardiac troponin I). Herein, 71% (24/34) and 44% (12/27) of the male and female MI mice, respectively, were positive for cAAbs against cTnI (cTnIAAb). Germinal centers were formed in the spleens and mediastinal lymph nodes of cTnIAAb-positive MI mice. cTnIAAb-positive MI mice showed progressive cardiac remodeling with a worse prognosis (P=0.014, by log-rank test), which was accompanied by cardiac inflammation, compared with that in cTnIAAb-negative MI mice. Rapamycin treatment during the first 7 days after MI suppressed cTnIAAb production (cTnIAAb positivity, 59% [29/49] and 7% [2/28] in MI mice treated with vehicle and rapamycin, respectively; P<0.001, by Pearson χ2 test), consequently improving the survival and ameliorating cardiac inflammation, cardiac remodeling, and HF in MI mice. CONCLUSIONS The present post-MI HF model may accelerate our understanding of cTnIAAb and support the development of therapeutics against cTnIAAbs in post-MI HF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shun Furusawa
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine (S. Furusawa, M.I., T.I., T.K., H.D.M., K.A., K.I., M.W., Y.T., R.M., S. Fujita, T.T., S.M., H.T.), Faculty of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Research Institute of Angiocardiology (S. Furusawa, M.I., T.I., T.K., H.D.M., K.A., K.I., M.W., Y.T., R.M., S. Fujita, S.M., H.T.), Faculty of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Masataka Ikeda
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine (S. Furusawa, M.I., T.I., T.K., H.D.M., K.A., K.I., M.W., Y.T., R.M., S. Fujita, T.T., S.M., H.T.), Faculty of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Research Institute of Angiocardiology (S. Furusawa, M.I., T.I., T.K., H.D.M., K.A., K.I., M.W., Y.T., R.M., S. Fujita, S.M., H.T.), Faculty of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Tomomi Ide
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine (S. Furusawa, M.I., T.I., T.K., H.D.M., K.A., K.I., M.W., Y.T., R.M., S. Fujita, T.T., S.M., H.T.), Faculty of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Research Institute of Angiocardiology (S. Furusawa, M.I., T.I., T.K., H.D.M., K.A., K.I., M.W., Y.T., R.M., S. Fujita, S.M., H.T.), Faculty of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Takuya Kanamura
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine (S. Furusawa, M.I., T.I., T.K., H.D.M., K.A., K.I., M.W., Y.T., R.M., S. Fujita, T.T., S.M., H.T.), Faculty of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Research Institute of Angiocardiology (S. Furusawa, M.I., T.I., T.K., H.D.M., K.A., K.I., M.W., Y.T., R.M., S. Fujita, S.M., H.T.), Faculty of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Hiroko Deguchi Miyamoto
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine (S. Furusawa, M.I., T.I., T.K., H.D.M., K.A., K.I., M.W., Y.T., R.M., S. Fujita, T.T., S.M., H.T.), Faculty of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Research Institute of Angiocardiology (S. Furusawa, M.I., T.I., T.K., H.D.M., K.A., K.I., M.W., Y.T., R.M., S. Fujita, S.M., H.T.), Faculty of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Ko Abe
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine (S. Furusawa, M.I., T.I., T.K., H.D.M., K.A., K.I., M.W., Y.T., R.M., S. Fujita, T.T., S.M., H.T.), Faculty of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Research Institute of Angiocardiology (S. Furusawa, M.I., T.I., T.K., H.D.M., K.A., K.I., M.W., Y.T., R.M., S. Fujita, S.M., H.T.), Faculty of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Kosei Ishimaru
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine (S. Furusawa, M.I., T.I., T.K., H.D.M., K.A., K.I., M.W., Y.T., R.M., S. Fujita, T.T., S.M., H.T.), Faculty of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Research Institute of Angiocardiology (S. Furusawa, M.I., T.I., T.K., H.D.M., K.A., K.I., M.W., Y.T., R.M., S. Fujita, S.M., H.T.), Faculty of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Masatsugu Watanabe
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine (S. Furusawa, M.I., T.I., T.K., H.D.M., K.A., K.I., M.W., Y.T., R.M., S. Fujita, T.T., S.M., H.T.), Faculty of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Research Institute of Angiocardiology (S. Furusawa, M.I., T.I., T.K., H.D.M., K.A., K.I., M.W., Y.T., R.M., S. Fujita, S.M., H.T.), Faculty of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan (M.W.)
| | - Yoshitomo Tsutsui
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine (S. Furusawa, M.I., T.I., T.K., H.D.M., K.A., K.I., M.W., Y.T., R.M., S. Fujita, T.T., S.M., H.T.), Faculty of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Research Institute of Angiocardiology (S. Furusawa, M.I., T.I., T.K., H.D.M., K.A., K.I., M.W., Y.T., R.M., S. Fujita, S.M., H.T.), Faculty of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Ryo Miyake
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine (S. Furusawa, M.I., T.I., T.K., H.D.M., K.A., K.I., M.W., Y.T., R.M., S. Fujita, T.T., S.M., H.T.), Faculty of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Research Institute of Angiocardiology (S. Furusawa, M.I., T.I., T.K., H.D.M., K.A., K.I., M.W., Y.T., R.M., S. Fujita, S.M., H.T.), Faculty of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Satoshi Fujita
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine (S. Furusawa, M.I., T.I., T.K., H.D.M., K.A., K.I., M.W., Y.T., R.M., S. Fujita, T.T., S.M., H.T.), Faculty of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Research Institute of Angiocardiology (S. Furusawa, M.I., T.I., T.K., H.D.M., K.A., K.I., M.W., Y.T., R.M., S. Fujita, S.M., H.T.), Faculty of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Takeshi Tohyama
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine (S. Furusawa, M.I., T.I., T.K., H.D.M., K.A., K.I., M.W., Y.T., R.M., S. Fujita, T.T., S.M., H.T.), Faculty of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
- Center for Clinical and Translational Research of Kyushu University Hospital, Fukuoka, Japan (T.T.)
| | - Shouji Matsushima
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine (S. Furusawa, M.I., T.I., T.K., H.D.M., K.A., K.I., M.W., Y.T., R.M., S. Fujita, T.T., S.M., H.T.), Faculty of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Research Institute of Angiocardiology (S. Furusawa, M.I., T.I., T.K., H.D.M., K.A., K.I., M.W., Y.T., R.M., S. Fujita, S.M., H.T.), Faculty of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Yoshihiro Baba
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Division of Immunology and Genome Biology, Medical Institute of Bioregulation, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan (Y.B.)
| | - Hiroyuki Tsutsui
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine (S. Furusawa, M.I., T.I., T.K., H.D.M., K.A., K.I., M.W., Y.T., R.M., S. Fujita, T.T., S.M., H.T.), Faculty of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Research Institute of Angiocardiology (S. Furusawa, M.I., T.I., T.K., H.D.M., K.A., K.I., M.W., Y.T., R.M., S. Fujita, S.M., H.T.), Faculty of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
- School of Medicine and Graduate School, International University of Health and Welfare, Fukuoka, Japan (H.T.)
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11
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Masenga SK, Povia JP, Lwiindi PC, Kirabo A. Recent Advances in Microbiota-Associated Metabolites in Heart Failure. Biomedicines 2023; 11:2313. [PMID: 37626809 PMCID: PMC10452327 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11082313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2023] [Revised: 08/16/2023] [Accepted: 08/19/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Heart failure is a risk factor for adverse events such as sudden cardiac arrest, liver and kidney failure and death. The gut microbiota and its metabolites are directly linked to the pathogenesis of heart failure. As emerging studies have increased in the literature on the role of specific gut microbiota metabolites in heart failure development, this review highlights and summarizes the current evidence and underlying mechanisms associated with the pathogenesis of heart failure. We found that gut microbiota-derived metabolites such as short chain fatty acids, bile acids, branched-chain amino acids, tryptophan and indole derivatives as well as trimethylamine-derived metabolite, trimethylamine N-oxide, play critical roles in promoting heart failure through various mechanisms. Mainly, they modulate complex signaling pathways such as nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells, Bcl-2 interacting protein 3, NLR Family Pyrin Domain Containing inflammasome, and Protein kinase RNA-like endoplasmic reticulum kinase. We have also highlighted the beneficial role of other gut metabolites in heart failure and other cardiovascular and metabolic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sepiso K. Masenga
- HAND Research Group, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Mulungushi University, Livingstone Campus, Livingstone 10101, Zambia; (J.P.P.); (P.C.L.)
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232-6602, USA
| | - Joreen P. Povia
- HAND Research Group, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Mulungushi University, Livingstone Campus, Livingstone 10101, Zambia; (J.P.P.); (P.C.L.)
| | - Propheria C. Lwiindi
- HAND Research Group, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Mulungushi University, Livingstone Campus, Livingstone 10101, Zambia; (J.P.P.); (P.C.L.)
| | - Annet Kirabo
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232-6602, USA
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12
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Bielawska M, Warszyńska M, Stefańska M, Błyszczuk P. Autophagy in Heart Failure: Insights into Mechanisms and Therapeutic Implications. J Cardiovasc Dev Dis 2023; 10:352. [PMID: 37623365 PMCID: PMC10456056 DOI: 10.3390/jcdd10080352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2023] [Revised: 08/15/2023] [Accepted: 08/16/2023] [Indexed: 08/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Autophagy, a dynamic and complex process responsible for the clearance of damaged cellular components, plays a crucial role in maintaining myocardial homeostasis. In the context of heart failure, autophagy has been recognized as a response mechanism aimed at counteracting pathogenic processes and promoting cellular health. Its relevance has been underscored not only in various animal models, but also in the human heart. Extensive research efforts have been dedicated to understanding the significance of autophagy and unravelling its complex molecular mechanisms. This review aims to consolidate the current knowledge of the involvement of autophagy during the progression of heart failure. Specifically, we provide a comprehensive overview of published data on the impact of autophagy deregulation achieved by genetic modifications or by pharmacological interventions in ischemic and non-ischemic models of heart failure. Furthermore, we delve into the intricate molecular mechanisms through which autophagy regulates crucial cellular processes within the three predominant cell populations of the heart: cardiomyocytes, cardiac fibroblasts, and endothelial cells. Finally, we emphasize the need for future research to unravel the therapeutic potential associated with targeting autophagy in the management of heart failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magdalena Bielawska
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Jagiellonian University Medical College, University Children’s Hospital, Wielicka 265, 30-663 Cracow, Poland; (M.B.)
| | - Marta Warszyńska
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Jagiellonian University Medical College, University Children’s Hospital, Wielicka 265, 30-663 Cracow, Poland; (M.B.)
| | - Monika Stefańska
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Jagiellonian University Medical College, University Children’s Hospital, Wielicka 265, 30-663 Cracow, Poland; (M.B.)
| | - Przemysław Błyszczuk
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Jagiellonian University Medical College, University Children’s Hospital, Wielicka 265, 30-663 Cracow, Poland; (M.B.)
- Department of Rheumatology, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, 8952 Schlieren, Switzerland
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13
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Forteath C, Mordi I, Nisr R, Gutierrez-Lara EJ, Alqurashi N, Phair IR, Cameron AR, Beall C, Bahr I, Mohan M, Wong AKF, Dihoum A, Mohammad A, Palmer CNA, Lamont D, Sakamoto K, Viollet B, Foretz M, Lang CC, Rena G. Amino acid homeostasis is a target of metformin therapy. Mol Metab 2023; 74:101750. [PMID: 37302544 PMCID: PMC10328998 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmet.2023.101750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2023] [Revised: 04/04/2023] [Accepted: 06/05/2023] [Indexed: 06/13/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Unexplained changes in regulation of branched chain amino acids (BCAA) during diabetes therapy with metformin have been known for years. Here we have investigated mechanisms underlying this effect. METHODS We used cellular approaches, including single gene/protein measurements, as well as systems-level proteomics. Findings were then cross-validated with electronic health records and other data from human material. RESULTS In cell studies, we observed diminished uptake/incorporation of amino acids following metformin treatment of liver cells and cardiac myocytes. Supplementation of media with amino acids attenuated known effects of the drug, including on glucose production, providing a possible explanation for discrepancies between effective doses in vivo and in vitro observed in most studies. Data-Independent Acquisition proteomics identified that SNAT2, which mediates tertiary control of BCAA uptake, was the most strongly suppressed amino acid transporter in liver cells following metformin treatment. Other transporters were affected to a lesser extent. In humans, metformin attenuated increased risk of left ventricular hypertrophy due to the AA allele of KLF15, which is an inducer of BCAA catabolism. In plasma from a double-blind placebo-controlled trial in nondiabetic heart failure (trial registration: NCT00473876), metformin caused selective accumulation of plasma BCAA and glutamine, consistent with the effects in cells. CONCLUSIONS Metformin restricts tertiary control of BCAA cellular uptake. We conclude that modulation of amino acid homeostasis contributes to therapeutic actions of the drug.
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Affiliation(s)
- Calum Forteath
- Division of Cellular and Systems Medicine, Ninewells Hospital and Medical School, University of Dundee, Dundee, Scotland, DD1 9SY, UK
| | - Ify Mordi
- Division of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, Ninewells Hospital and Medical School, University of Dundee, Dundee, Scotland, DD1 9SY, UK
| | - Raid Nisr
- Division of Cellular and Systems Medicine, Ninewells Hospital and Medical School, University of Dundee, Dundee, Scotland, DD1 9SY, UK
| | - Erika J Gutierrez-Lara
- Division of Cellular and Systems Medicine, Ninewells Hospital and Medical School, University of Dundee, Dundee, Scotland, DD1 9SY, UK
| | - Noor Alqurashi
- Division of Cellular and Systems Medicine, Ninewells Hospital and Medical School, University of Dundee, Dundee, Scotland, DD1 9SY, UK
| | - Iain R Phair
- Division of Cellular and Systems Medicine, Ninewells Hospital and Medical School, University of Dundee, Dundee, Scotland, DD1 9SY, UK
| | - Amy R Cameron
- Division of Cellular and Systems Medicine, Ninewells Hospital and Medical School, University of Dundee, Dundee, Scotland, DD1 9SY, UK; Department of Clinical and Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, University of Exeter, RILD Building, Exeter, EX2 5DW, UK
| | - Craig Beall
- Department of Clinical and Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, University of Exeter, RILD Building, Exeter, EX2 5DW, UK
| | - Ibrahim Bahr
- Division of Cellular and Systems Medicine, Ninewells Hospital and Medical School, University of Dundee, Dundee, Scotland, DD1 9SY, UK
| | - Mohapradeep Mohan
- Division of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, Ninewells Hospital and Medical School, University of Dundee, Dundee, Scotland, DD1 9SY, UK
| | - Aaron K F Wong
- Division of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, Ninewells Hospital and Medical School, University of Dundee, Dundee, Scotland, DD1 9SY, UK
| | - Adel Dihoum
- Division of Cellular and Systems Medicine, Ninewells Hospital and Medical School, University of Dundee, Dundee, Scotland, DD1 9SY, UK; Division of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, Ninewells Hospital and Medical School, University of Dundee, Dundee, Scotland, DD1 9SY, UK
| | - Anwar Mohammad
- Public Health and Epidemiology Department, Dasman Diabetes Institute, Kuwait City, Kuwait
| | - Colin N A Palmer
- Division of Population Health and Genomics, Ninewells Hospital and Medical School, University of Dundee, Dundee, Scotland, DD1 9SY, UK
| | - Douglas Lamont
- Centre for Advanced Scientific Technologies, School of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dundee, DD1 5EH, UK
| | - Kei Sakamoto
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, 2200, Denmark
| | - Benoit Viollet
- Université Paris Cité, CNRS, Inserm, Institut Cochin, Paris, 75014, France
| | - Marc Foretz
- Université Paris Cité, CNRS, Inserm, Institut Cochin, Paris, 75014, France
| | - Chim C Lang
- Division of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, Ninewells Hospital and Medical School, University of Dundee, Dundee, Scotland, DD1 9SY, UK.
| | - Graham Rena
- Division of Cellular and Systems Medicine, Ninewells Hospital and Medical School, University of Dundee, Dundee, Scotland, DD1 9SY, UK.
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14
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Shi F, Collins S. Regulation of mTOR Signaling: Emerging Role of Cyclic Nucleotide-Dependent Protein Kinases and Implications for Cardiometabolic Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:11497. [PMID: 37511253 PMCID: PMC10380887 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241411497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2023] [Revised: 07/07/2023] [Accepted: 07/13/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
The mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR) kinase is a central regulator of cell growth and metabolism. It is the catalytic subunit of two distinct large protein complexes, mTOR complex 1 (mTORC1) and mTORC2. mTOR activity is subjected to tight regulation in response to external nutrition and growth factor stimulation. As an important mechanism of signaling transduction, the 'second messenger' cyclic nucleotides including cAMP and cGMP and their associated cyclic nucleotide-dependent kinases, including protein kinase A (PKA) and protein kinase G (PKG), play essential roles in mediating the intracellular action of a variety of hormones and neurotransmitters. They have also emerged as important regulators of mTOR signaling in various physiological and disease conditions. However, the mechanism by which cAMP and cGMP regulate mTOR activity is not completely understood. In this review, we will summarize the earlier work establishing the ability of cAMP to dampen mTORC1 activation in response to insulin and growth factors and then discuss our recent findings demonstrating the regulation of mTOR signaling by the PKA- and PKG-dependent signaling pathways. This signaling framework represents a new non-canonical regulation of mTOR activity that is independent of AKT and could be a novel mechanism underpinning the action of a variety of G protein-coupled receptors that are linked to the mTOR signaling network. We will further review the implications of these signaling events in the context of cardiometabolic disease, such as obesity, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, and cardiac remodeling. The metabolic and cardiac phenotypes of mouse models with targeted deletion of Raptor and Rictor, the two essential components for mTORC1 and mTORC2, will be summarized and discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fubiao Shi
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Sheila Collins
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
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15
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Sommerer C, Legendre C, Citterio F, Watarai Y, Oberbauer R, Basic-Jukic N, Han J, Gawai A, Bernhardt P, Chadban S. Cardiovascular Outcomes in De Novo Kidney Transplant Recipients Receiving Everolimus and Reduced Calcineurin Inhibitor or Standard Triple Therapy: 24-month Post Hoc Analysis From TRANSFORM Study. Transplantation 2023; 107:1593-1604. [PMID: 36959121 DOI: 10.1097/tp.0000000000004555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/25/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The comparative impact of everolimus (EVR)-based regimens versus standard of care (mycophenolic acid+standard calcineurin inhibitor [MPA+sCNI]) on cardiovascular outcomes in de novo kidney transplant recipients (KTRs) is poorly understood. The incidence of major adverse cardiac events (MACEs) in KTRs receiving EVR+reduced CNI (rCNI) or MPA+sCNI from the TRANSplant eFficacy and safety Outcomes with an eveRolimus-based regiMen study was evaluated. METHODS The incidence of MACE was determined for all randomized patients receiving at least 1 dose of the study drug. Factors associated with MACEs were determined by logistic regression. Risk of MACE out to 3 y post-study was calculated using the Patient Outcome in Renal Transplantation equation. RESULTS MACE occurred in 81 of 1014 (8.0%; EVR+rCNI) versus 89 of 1012 (8.8%; MPA+sCNI) KTRs (risk ratio, 0.91 [95% confidence interval [CI], 0.68-1.21]). The incidence of circulatory death, myocardial infarction, revascularization, or angina was similar between the arms. Incidence of MACE was similar between EVR+rCNI and MPA+sCNI arms with a higher incidence in prespecified risk groups: older age, pretransplant diabetes (15.1% versus 15.9%), statin use (8.5% versus 10.8%), and low estimated glomerular filtration rate (Month 2 estimated glomerular filtration rate <30 versus >60 mL/min/1.73 m 2 ; odds ratio, 2.23 [95% CI, 1.02-4.86]; P = 0.044), respectively. Predicted risk of MACE within 3 y of follow-up did not differ between the treatment arms. CONCLUSIONS Cardiovascular morbidity and mortality were similar between de novo KTRs receiving EVR+rCNI and MPA+sCNI. EVR+rCNI is a viable alternative to the current standard of care in KTRs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Sommerer
- Department of Nephrology, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Christophe Legendre
- Department of Adult Kidney Transplantation, Hôpital Necker, Université de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Franco Citterio
- Agostino Gemelli University Polyclinic Foundation, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, Rome, Italy
| | - Yoshihiko Watarai
- Department of Transplant Surgery, Nagoya Daini Red Cross Hospital, Nagoya-City, Aichi, Japan
| | - Rainer Oberbauer
- Department of Nephrology and Dialysis, University Clinic for Internal Medicine III, Medical University Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | | | - Jackie Han
- Novartis Pharmaceuticals, East Hanover, NJ
| | | | | | - Steve Chadban
- Department of Renal Medicine, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Sydney Local Health District, NSW, Australia
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16
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Ruiz-Velasco A, Raja R, Chen X, Ganenthiran H, Kaur N, Alatawi NHO, Miller JM, Abouleisa RR, Ou Q, Zhao X, Fonseka O, Wang X, Hille SS, Frey N, Wang T, Mohamed TM, Müller OJ, Cartwright EJ, Liu W. Restored autophagy is protective against PAK3-induced cardiac dysfunction. iScience 2023; 26:106970. [PMID: 37324527 PMCID: PMC10265534 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2023.106970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2023] [Revised: 03/27/2023] [Accepted: 05/23/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite the development of clinical treatments, heart failure remains the leading cause of mortality. We observed that p21-activated kinase 3 (PAK3) was augmented in failing human and mouse hearts. Furthermore, mice with cardiac-specific PAK3 overexpression exhibited exacerbated pathological remodeling and deteriorated cardiac function. Myocardium with PAK3 overexpression displayed hypertrophic growth, excessive fibrosis, and aggravated apoptosis following isoprenaline stimulation as early as two days. Mechanistically, using cultured cardiomyocytes and human-relevant samples under distinct stimulations, we, for the first time, demonstrated that PAK3 acts as a suppressor of autophagy through hyper-activation of the mechanistic target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1). Defective autophagy in the myocardium contributes to the progression of heart failure. More importantly, PAK3-provoked cardiac dysfunction was mitigated by administering an autophagic inducer. Our study illustrates a unique role of PAK3 in autophagy regulation and the therapeutic potential of targeting this axis for heart failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Ruiz-Velasco
- Faculty of Biology, Medicine, and Health, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PT, UK
| | - Rida Raja
- Faculty of Biology, Medicine, and Health, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PT, UK
| | - Xinyi Chen
- Faculty of Biology, Medicine, and Health, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PT, UK
| | - Haresh Ganenthiran
- Faculty of Biology, Medicine, and Health, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PT, UK
| | - Namrita Kaur
- Faculty of Biology, Medicine, and Health, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PT, UK
| | - Nasser hawimel o Alatawi
- Faculty of Biology, Medicine, and Health, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PT, UK
| | - Jessica M. Miller
- Institute of Molecular Cardiology, University of Louisville, 580 S Preston St, Louisville, KY 40202, USA
| | - Riham R.E. Abouleisa
- Institute of Molecular Cardiology, University of Louisville, 580 S Preston St, Louisville, KY 40202, USA
| | - Qinghui Ou
- Institute of Molecular Cardiology, University of Louisville, 580 S Preston St, Louisville, KY 40202, USA
| | - Xiangjun Zhao
- Faculty of Biology, Medicine, and Health, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PT, UK
| | - Oveena Fonseka
- Faculty of Biology, Medicine, and Health, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PT, UK
| | - Xin Wang
- Faculty of Biology, Medicine, and Health, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PT, UK
| | - Susanne S. Hille
- Department of Internal Medicine III, University of Kiel, Kiel, Germany
- DZHK, German Centre for Cardiovascular Research, Partner Site Hamburg/Kiel/Lübeck, Kiel, Germany
| | - Norbert Frey
- Department of Internal Medicine III, University of Kiel, Kiel, Germany
- DZHK, German Centre for Cardiovascular Research, Partner Site Hamburg/Kiel/Lübeck, Kiel, Germany
| | - Tao Wang
- Faculty of Biology, Medicine, and Health, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PT, UK
| | - Tamer M.A. Mohamed
- Institute of Molecular Cardiology, University of Louisville, 580 S Preston St, Louisville, KY 40202, USA
| | - Oliver J. Müller
- Department of Internal Medicine III, University of Kiel, Kiel, Germany
- DZHK, German Centre for Cardiovascular Research, Partner Site Hamburg/Kiel/Lübeck, Kiel, Germany
| | - Elizabeth J. Cartwright
- Faculty of Biology, Medicine, and Health, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PT, UK
| | - Wei Liu
- Faculty of Biology, Medicine, and Health, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PT, UK
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17
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Flam E, Arany Z. Metabolite signaling in the heart. NATURE CARDIOVASCULAR RESEARCH 2023; 2:504-516. [PMID: 39195876 DOI: 10.1038/s44161-023-00270-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2022] [Accepted: 03/29/2023] [Indexed: 08/29/2024]
Abstract
The heart is the most metabolically active organ in the body, sustaining a continuous and high flux of nutrient catabolism via oxidative phosphorylation. The nature and relative contribution of these fuels have been studied extensively for decades. By contrast, less attention has been placed on how intermediate metabolites generated from this catabolism affect intracellular signaling. Numerous metabolites, including intermediates of glycolysis and the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle, nucleotides, amino acids, fatty acids and ketones, are increasingly appreciated to affect signaling in the heart, via various mechanisms ranging from protein-metabolite interactions to modifying epigenetic marks. We review here the current state of knowledge of intermediate metabolite signaling in the heart.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily Flam
- Cardiovascular Institute, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Zolt Arany
- Cardiovascular Institute, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
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18
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Sharma S, Rana AK, Rahmatkar SN, Patial V, Singh D. Protective effect of Nardostachys jatamansi extract against lithium-pilocarpine-induced spontaneous recurrent seizures and associated cardiac irregularities in a rat model. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2023; 308:116280. [PMID: 36813245 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2023.116280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2022] [Revised: 02/09/2023] [Accepted: 02/12/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Nardostachys jatamansi (D.Don) DC. is a perennial herbaceous medicinal plant widely used for the ethnomedical treatment of various ailments. The underground parts of the plants are used in traditional medicine to manage epilepsy and other cardiovascular conditions. AIM OF THE STUDY The present study was undertaken to investigate the efficacy of a characterized hydroalcoholic extract (NJET) of Nardostachys jatamansi in the lithium-pilocarpine rat model of spontaneous recurrent seizures (SRS) and associated cardiac irregularities. MATERIALS AND METHODS NJET was prepared by percolation using 80% ethanol. The dried NEJT was subjected to UHPLC-qTOF-MS/MS for chemical characterization. Molecular docking studies were performed using the characterized compounds to understand mTOR interactions. The animals showing SRS following lithium-pilocarpine administration were treated with NJET for 6 weeks. Afterward, seizure severity, cardiac parameters, serum biochemistry, and histopathological parameters were studied. The cardiac tissue was processed for specific protein and gene expression studies. RESULTS The UHPLC-qTOF-MS/MS characterized 13 compounds in NJET. The identified compounds subjected to molecular docking showed promising binding affinities toward mTOR. There was a dose-dependent decrease in the severity of SRS following the extract administration. A reduction in mean arterial pressure and serum biochemical markers (lactate dehydrogenase and creatine kinase) was also observed following NJET treatment in epileptic animals. Histopathological investigations revealed reduced degenerative changes and decreased fibrosis following the extract treatment. The cardiac mRNA level of Mtor, Rps6, Hif1a, and Tgfb3 was reduced in the extract-treated groups. Further, a similar reduction in the protein expression of p-mTOR and HIF-1α was also observed following NJET treatment in the cardiac tissue. CONCLUSIONS The results concluded that NJET treatment reduces lithium-pilocarpine-induced recurrent seizures and associated cardiac irregularities via downregulation of the mTOR signalling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Supriya Sharma
- Pharmacology and Toxicology Laboratory, Dietetics and Nutrition Technology Division, CSIR-Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology, Palampur, 176061, Himachal Pradesh, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, India
| | - Anil Kumar Rana
- Pharmacology and Toxicology Laboratory, Dietetics and Nutrition Technology Division, CSIR-Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology, Palampur, 176061, Himachal Pradesh, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, India
| | - Shubham Nilkanth Rahmatkar
- Pharmacology and Toxicology Laboratory, Dietetics and Nutrition Technology Division, CSIR-Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology, Palampur, 176061, Himachal Pradesh, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, India
| | - Vikram Patial
- Pharmacology and Toxicology Laboratory, Dietetics and Nutrition Technology Division, CSIR-Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology, Palampur, 176061, Himachal Pradesh, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, India
| | - Damanpreet Singh
- Pharmacology and Toxicology Laboratory, Dietetics and Nutrition Technology Division, CSIR-Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology, Palampur, 176061, Himachal Pradesh, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, India.
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19
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Jiang XY, Guan FF, Ma JX, Dong W, Qi XL, Zhang X, Chen W, Gao S, Gao X, Pan S, Wang JZ, Ma YW, Zhang LF, Lu D. Cardiac-specific Trim44 knockout in rat attenuates isoproterenol-induced cardiac remodeling via inhibition of AKT/mTOR pathway. Dis Model Mech 2023; 16:276033. [PMID: 35855640 PMCID: PMC9441189 DOI: 10.1242/dmm.049444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2022] [Accepted: 07/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
When pathological hypertrophy progresses to heart failure (HF), the prognosis is often very poor. Therefore, it is crucial to find new and effective intervention targets. Here, myocardium-specific Trim44 knockout rats were generated using CRISPR-Cas9 technology. Cardiac phenotypic observations revealed that Trim44 knockout affected cardiac morphology at baseline. Rats with Trim44 deficiency exhibited resistance to cardiac pathological changes in response to stimulation via isoproterenol (ISO) treatment, including improvement of cardiac remodeling and dysfunction by morphological and functional observations, reduced myocardial fibrosis and reduced expression of molecular markers of cardiac stress. Furthermore, signal transduction validation associated with growth and hypertrophy development in vivo and in vitro demonstrated that Trim44 deficiency inhibited the activation of signaling pathways involved in myocardial hypertrophy, especially response to pathological stress. In conclusion, the present study indicates that Trim44 knockout attenuates ISO-induced pathological cardiac remodeling through blocking the AKT/mTOR/GSK3β/P70S6K signaling pathway. This is the first study to demonstrate the function and importance of Trim44 in the heart at baseline and under pathological stress. Trim44 could be a novel therapeutic target for prevention of cardiac hypertrophy and HF. Summary: This is the first study to demonstrate the function of Trim44 in the heart at baseline and under pathological stress. Trim44 could be a novel therapeutic target for prevention of cardiac hypertrophy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Yu Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Human Disease Comparative Medicine, National Health Commission of China (NHC), Institute of Laboratory Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100021, China.,Beijing Engineering Research Center for Experimental Animal Models of Human Critical Diseases, Institute of Laboratory Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medicine College, Beijing 100021, China
| | - Fei-Fei Guan
- Key Laboratory of Human Disease Comparative Medicine, National Health Commission of China (NHC), Institute of Laboratory Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100021, China.,Beijing Engineering Research Center for Experimental Animal Models of Human Critical Diseases, Institute of Laboratory Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medicine College, Beijing 100021, China.,National Human Diseases Animal Model Resource Center, Institute of Laboratory Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medicine College, Beijing 100021, China
| | - Jia-Xin Ma
- Key Laboratory of Human Disease Comparative Medicine, National Health Commission of China (NHC), Institute of Laboratory Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100021, China.,Beijing Engineering Research Center for Experimental Animal Models of Human Critical Diseases, Institute of Laboratory Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medicine College, Beijing 100021, China
| | - Wei Dong
- Key Laboratory of Human Disease Comparative Medicine, National Health Commission of China (NHC), Institute of Laboratory Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100021, China.,Beijing Engineering Research Center for Experimental Animal Models of Human Critical Diseases, Institute of Laboratory Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medicine College, Beijing 100021, China.,National Human Diseases Animal Model Resource Center, Institute of Laboratory Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medicine College, Beijing 100021, China
| | - Xiao-Long Qi
- Key Laboratory of Human Disease Comparative Medicine, National Health Commission of China (NHC), Institute of Laboratory Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100021, China.,Beijing Engineering Research Center for Experimental Animal Models of Human Critical Diseases, Institute of Laboratory Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medicine College, Beijing 100021, China.,National Human Diseases Animal Model Resource Center, Institute of Laboratory Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medicine College, Beijing 100021, China
| | - Xu Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Human Disease Comparative Medicine, National Health Commission of China (NHC), Institute of Laboratory Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100021, China.,Beijing Engineering Research Center for Experimental Animal Models of Human Critical Diseases, Institute of Laboratory Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medicine College, Beijing 100021, China.,National Human Diseases Animal Model Resource Center, Institute of Laboratory Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medicine College, Beijing 100021, China
| | - Wei Chen
- Beijing Engineering Research Center for Experimental Animal Models of Human Critical Diseases, Institute of Laboratory Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medicine College, Beijing 100021, China.,National Human Diseases Animal Model Resource Center, Institute of Laboratory Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medicine College, Beijing 100021, China
| | - Shan Gao
- Beijing Engineering Research Center for Experimental Animal Models of Human Critical Diseases, Institute of Laboratory Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medicine College, Beijing 100021, China.,National Human Diseases Animal Model Resource Center, Institute of Laboratory Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medicine College, Beijing 100021, China
| | - Xiang Gao
- Beijing Engineering Research Center for Experimental Animal Models of Human Critical Diseases, Institute of Laboratory Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medicine College, Beijing 100021, China.,National Human Diseases Animal Model Resource Center, Institute of Laboratory Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medicine College, Beijing 100021, China
| | - Shuo Pan
- Beijing Engineering Research Center for Experimental Animal Models of Human Critical Diseases, Institute of Laboratory Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medicine College, Beijing 100021, China.,National Human Diseases Animal Model Resource Center, Institute of Laboratory Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medicine College, Beijing 100021, China
| | - Ji-Zheng Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Disease, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100037, China
| | - Yuan-Wu Ma
- Key Laboratory of Human Disease Comparative Medicine, National Health Commission of China (NHC), Institute of Laboratory Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100021, China.,Beijing Engineering Research Center for Experimental Animal Models of Human Critical Diseases, Institute of Laboratory Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medicine College, Beijing 100021, China.,National Human Diseases Animal Model Resource Center, Institute of Laboratory Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medicine College, Beijing 100021, China
| | - Lian-Feng Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Human Disease Comparative Medicine, National Health Commission of China (NHC), Institute of Laboratory Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100021, China.,Beijing Engineering Research Center for Experimental Animal Models of Human Critical Diseases, Institute of Laboratory Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medicine College, Beijing 100021, China.,National Human Diseases Animal Model Resource Center, Institute of Laboratory Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medicine College, Beijing 100021, China
| | - Dan Lu
- Key Laboratory of Human Disease Comparative Medicine, National Health Commission of China (NHC), Institute of Laboratory Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100021, China.,Beijing Engineering Research Center for Experimental Animal Models of Human Critical Diseases, Institute of Laboratory Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medicine College, Beijing 100021, China.,National Human Diseases Animal Model Resource Center, Institute of Laboratory Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medicine College, Beijing 100021, China
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20
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Khalilimeybodi A, Riaz M, Campbell SG, Omens JH, McCulloch AD, Qyang Y, Saucerman JJ. Signaling network model of cardiomyocyte morphological changes in familial cardiomyopathy. J Mol Cell Cardiol 2023; 174:1-14. [PMID: 36370475 PMCID: PMC10230857 DOI: 10.1016/j.yjmcc.2022.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2021] [Revised: 08/26/2022] [Accepted: 10/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Familial cardiomyopathy is a precursor of heart failure and sudden cardiac death. Over the past several decades, researchers have discovered numerous gene mutations primarily in sarcomeric and cytoskeletal proteins causing two different disease phenotypes: hypertrophic (HCM) and dilated (DCM) cardiomyopathies. However, molecular mechanisms linking genotype to phenotype remain unclear. Here, we employ a systems approach by integrating experimental findings from preclinical studies (e.g., murine data) into a cohesive signaling network to scrutinize genotype to phenotype mechanisms. We developed an HCM/DCM signaling network model utilizing a logic-based differential equations approach and evaluated model performance in predicting experimental data from four contexts (HCM, DCM, pressure overload, and volume overload). The model has an overall prediction accuracy of 83.8%, with higher accuracy in the HCM context (90%) than DCM (75%). Global sensitivity analysis identifies key signaling reactions, with calcium-mediated myofilament force development and calcium-calmodulin kinase signaling ranking the highest. A structural revision analysis indicates potential missing interactions that primarily control calcium regulatory proteins, increasing model prediction accuracy. Combination pharmacotherapy analysis suggests that downregulation of signaling components such as calcium, titin and its associated proteins, growth factor receptors, ERK1/2, and PI3K-AKT could inhibit myocyte growth in HCM. In experiments with patient-specific iPSC-derived cardiomyocytes (MLP-W4R;MYH7-R723C iPSC-CMs), combined inhibition of ERK1/2 and PI3K-AKT rescued the HCM phenotype, as predicted by the model. In DCM, PI3K-AKT-NFAT downregulation combined with upregulation of Ras/ERK1/2 or titin or Gq protein could ameliorate cardiomyocyte morphology. The model results suggest that HCM mutations that increase active force through elevated calcium sensitivity could increase ERK activity and decrease eccentricity through parallel growth factors, Gq-mediated, and titin pathways. Moreover, the model simulated the influence of existing medications on cardiac growth in HCM and DCM contexts. This HCM/DCM signaling model demonstrates utility in investigating genotype to phenotype mechanisms in familial cardiomyopathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Khalilimeybodi
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, United States of America
| | - Muhammad Riaz
- Yale Cardiovascular Research Center, Section of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Stuart G Campbell
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Jeffrey H Omens
- Departments of Bioengineering and Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States of America
| | - Andrew D McCulloch
- Departments of Bioengineering and Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States of America
| | - Yibing Qyang
- Yale Cardiovascular Research Center, Section of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA; Yale Stem Cell Center, New Haven, CT, United States of America; Department of Pathology, Yale University, New Haven, CT, United States of America; Vascular Biology and Therapeutics Program, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, United States of America
| | - Jeffrey J Saucerman
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, United States of America; Robert M. Berne Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, United States of America.
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21
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Reactivation of PPAR α alleviates myocardial lipid accumulation and cardiac dysfunction by improving fatty acid β-oxidation in Dsg2-deficient arrhythmogenic cardiomyopathy. Acta Pharm Sin B 2023; 13:192-203. [PMID: 36815030 PMCID: PMC9939300 DOI: 10.1016/j.apsb.2022.05.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2022] [Revised: 03/27/2022] [Accepted: 04/02/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Arrhythmogenic cardiomyopathy (ACM), a fatal heart disease characterized by fibroadipocytic replacement of cardiac myocytes, accounts for 20% of sudden cardiac death and lacks effective treatment. It is often caused by mutations in desmosome proteins, with Desmoglein-2 (DSG2) mutations as a common etiology. However, the mechanism underlying the accumulation of fibrofatty in ACM remains unknown, which impedes the development of curative treatment. Here we investigated the fat accumulation and the underlying mechanism in a mouse model of ACM induced by cardiac-specific knockout of Dsg2 (CS-Dsg2 -/-). Heart failure and cardiac lipid accumulation were observed in CS-Dsg2 -/- mice. We demonstrated that these phenotypes were caused by decline of fatty acid (FA) β-oxidation resulted from impaired mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) signaling. Rapamycin worsened while overexpression of mTOR and 4EBP1 rescued the FA β-oxidation pathway in CS-Dsg2 -/- mice. Reactivation of PPARα by fenofibrate or AAV9-Pparα significantly alleviated the lipid accumulation and restored cardiac function. Our results suggest that impaired mTOR-4EBP1-PPARα-dependent FA β-oxidation contributes to myocardial lipid accumulation in ACM and PPARα may be a potential target for curative treatment of ACM.
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22
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Signaling Pathways in Inflammation and Cardiovascular Diseases: An Update of Therapeutic Strategies. IMMUNO 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/immuno2040039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Inflammatory processes represent a pivotal element in the development and complications of cardiovascular diseases (CVDs). Targeting these processes can lead to the alleviation of cardiomyocyte (CM) injury and the increase of reparative mechanisms. Loss of CMs from inflammation-associated cardiac diseases often results in heart failure (HF). Evidence of the crosstalk between nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB), Hippo, and mechanistic/mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) has been reported in manifold immune responses and cardiac pathologies. Since these signaling cascades regulate a broad array of biological tasks in diverse cell types, their misregulation is responsible for the pathogenesis of many cardiac and vascular disorders, including cardiomyopathies and atherosclerosis. In response to a myriad of proinflammatory cytokines, which induce reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, several molecular mechanisms are activated within the heart to inaugurate the structural remodeling of the organ. This review provides a global landscape of intricate protein–protein interaction (PPI) networks between key constituents of NF-κB, Hippo, and mTOR signaling pathways as quintessential targetable candidates for the therapy of cardiovascular and inflammation-related diseases.
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23
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Romero-Becerra R, Mora A, Manieri E, Nikolic I, Santamans AM, Montalvo-Romeral V, Cruz FM, Rodríguez E, León M, Leiva-Vega L, Sanz L, Bondía V, Filgueiras-Rama D, Jiménez-Borreguero LJ, Jalife J, Gonzalez-Teran B, Sabio G. MKK6 deficiency promotes cardiac dysfunction through MKK3-p38γ/δ-mTOR hyperactivation. eLife 2022; 11:e75250. [PMID: 35971771 PMCID: PMC9381040 DOI: 10.7554/elife.75250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2021] [Accepted: 07/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Stress-activated p38 kinases control a plethora of functions, and their dysregulation has been linked to the development of steatosis, obesity, immune disorders, and cancer. Therefore, they have been identified as potential targets for novel therapeutic strategies. There are four p38 family members (p38α, p38β, p38γ, and p38δ) that are activated by MKK3 and MKK6. Here, we demonstrate that lack of MKK6 reduces the lifespan in mice. Longitudinal study of cardiac function in MKK6 KO mice showed that young mice develop cardiac hypertrophy which progresses to cardiac dilatation and fibrosis with age. Mechanistically, lack of MKK6 blunts p38α activation while causing MKK3-p38γ/δ hyperphosphorylation and increased mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) signaling, resulting in cardiac hypertrophy. Cardiac hypertrophy in MKK6 KO mice is reverted by knocking out either p38γ or p38δ or by inhibiting the mTOR pathway with rapamycin. In conclusion, we have identified a key role for the MKK3/6-p38γ/δ pathway in the development of cardiac hypertrophy, which has important implications for the clinical use of p38α inhibitors in the long-term treatment since they might result in cardiotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Alfonso Mora
- Centro Nacional de Investigaciones CardiovascularesMadridSpain
| | - Elisa Manieri
- Centro Nacional de Investigaciones CardiovascularesMadridSpain
| | - Ivana Nikolic
- Centro Nacional de Investigaciones CardiovascularesMadridSpain
| | | | | | | | - Elena Rodríguez
- Centro Nacional de Investigaciones CardiovascularesMadridSpain
| | - Marta León
- Centro Nacional de Investigaciones CardiovascularesMadridSpain
| | - Luis Leiva-Vega
- Centro Nacional de Investigaciones CardiovascularesMadridSpain
| | - Laura Sanz
- Centro Nacional de Investigaciones CardiovascularesMadridSpain
| | - Víctor Bondía
- Centro Nacional de Investigaciones CardiovascularesMadridSpain
| | - David Filgueiras-Rama
- Centro Nacional de Investigaciones CardiovascularesMadridSpain
- CIBER de Enfermedades CardiovascularesMadridSpain
- Hospital Clínico Universitario San CarlosMadridSpain
| | | | - José Jalife
- Centro Nacional de Investigaciones CardiovascularesMadridSpain
- CIBER de Enfermedades CardiovascularesMadridSpain
- Center for Arrhythmia Research, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann ArborAnn ArborUnited States
| | - Barbara Gonzalez-Teran
- Centro Nacional de Investigaciones CardiovascularesMadridSpain
- Gladstone InstitutesSan FranciscoUnited States
| | - Guadalupe Sabio
- Centro Nacional de Investigaciones CardiovascularesMadridSpain
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24
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Beyond controlling cell size: functional analyses of S6K in tumorigenesis. Cell Death Dis 2022; 13:646. [PMID: 35879299 PMCID: PMC9314331 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-022-05081-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2022] [Revised: 07/05/2022] [Accepted: 07/07/2022] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
As a substrate and major effector of the mammalian target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1), the biological functions of ribosomal protein S6 kinase (S6K) have been canonically assigned for cell size control by facilitating mRNA transcription, splicing, and protein synthesis. However, accumulating evidence implies that diverse stimuli and upstream regulators modulate S6K kinase activity, leading to the activation of a plethora of downstream substrates for distinct pathobiological functions. Beyond controlling cell size, S6K simultaneously plays crucial roles in directing cell apoptosis, metabolism, and feedback regulation of its upstream signals. Thus, we comprehensively summarize the emerging upstream regulators, downstream substrates, mouse models, clinical relevance, and candidate inhibitors for S6K and shed light on S6K as a potential therapeutic target for cancers.
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25
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Pharmacological Approaches to Decelerate Aging: A Promising Path. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2022; 2022:4201533. [PMID: 35860429 PMCID: PMC9293537 DOI: 10.1155/2022/4201533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2022] [Revised: 05/24/2022] [Accepted: 06/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Biological aging or senescence is a course in which cellular function decreases over a period of time and is a consequence of altered signaling mechanisms that are triggered in stressed cells leading to cell damage. Aging is among the principal risk factors for many chronic illnesses such as cancer, cardiovascular disorders, and neurodegenerative diseases. Taking this into account, targeting fundamental aging mechanisms therapeutically may effectively impact numerous chronic illnesses. Selecting ideal therapeutic options in order to hinder the process of aging and decelerate the progression of age-related diseases is valuable. Along therapeutic options, life style modifications may well render the process of aging. The process of aging is affected by alteration in many cellular and signaling pathways amid which mTOR, SIRT1, and AMPK pathways are the most emphasized. Herein, we have discussed the mechanisms of aging focusing mainly on the mentioned pathways as well as the role of inflammation and autophagy in aging. Moreover, drugs and natural products with antiaging properties are discussed in detail.
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26
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Portero V, Nicol T, Podliesna S, Marchal GA, Baartscheer A, Casini S, Tadros R, Treur JL, Tanck MWT, Cox IJ, Probert F, Hough TA, Falcone S, Beekman L, Müller-Nurasyid M, Kastenmüller G, Gieger C, Peters A, Kääb S, Sinner MF, Blease A, Verkerk AO, Bezzina CR, Potter PK, Remme CA. Chronically elevated branched chain amino acid levels are pro-arrhythmic. Cardiovasc Res 2022; 118:1742-1757. [PMID: 34142125 PMCID: PMC9215196 DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvab207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2021] [Accepted: 06/16/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
AIMS Cardiac arrhythmias comprise a major health and economic burden and are associated with significant morbidity and mortality, including cardiac failure, stroke, and sudden cardiac death (SCD). Development of efficient preventive and therapeutic strategies is hampered by incomplete knowledge of disease mechanisms and pathways. Our aim is to identify novel mechanisms underlying cardiac arrhythmia and SCD using an unbiased approach. METHODS AND RESULTS We employed a phenotype-driven N-ethyl-N-nitrosourea mutagenesis screen and identified a mouse line with a high incidence of sudden death at young age (6-9 weeks) in the absence of prior symptoms. Affected mice were found to be homozygous for the nonsense mutation Bcat2p.Q300*/p.Q300* in the Bcat2 gene encoding branched chain amino acid transaminase 2. At the age of 4-5 weeks, Bcat2p.Q300*/p.Q300* mice displayed drastic increase of plasma levels of branch chain amino acids (BCAAs-leucine, isoleucine, valine) due to the incomplete catabolism of BCAAs, in addition to inducible arrhythmias ex vivo as well as cardiac conduction and repolarization disturbances. In line with these findings, plasma BCAA levels were positively correlated to electrocardiogram indices of conduction and repolarization in the German community-based KORA F4 Study. Isolated cardiomyocytes from Bcat2p.Q300*/p.Q300* mice revealed action potential (AP) prolongation, pro-arrhythmic events (early and late afterdepolarizations, triggered APs), and dysregulated calcium homeostasis. Incubation of human pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes with elevated concentration of BCAAs induced similar calcium dysregulation and pro-arrhythmic events which were prevented by rapamycin, demonstrating the crucial involvement of mTOR pathway activation. CONCLUSIONS Our findings identify for the first time a causative link between elevated BCAAs and arrhythmia, which has implications for arrhythmogenesis in conditions associated with BCAA metabolism dysregulation such as diabetes, metabolic syndrome, and heart failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vincent Portero
- Heart Center, Department of Clinical and Experimental Cardiology, Amsterdam UMC, Location AMC, Room K2-104.2, Meibergdreef 9, PO Box 22700, 1100 DE Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Thomas Nicol
- Mammalian Genetics Unit, MRC Harwell Institute, Harwell, Oxfordshire, UK
| | - Svitlana Podliesna
- Heart Center, Department of Clinical and Experimental Cardiology, Amsterdam UMC, Location AMC, Room K2-104.2, Meibergdreef 9, PO Box 22700, 1100 DE Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Gerard A Marchal
- Heart Center, Department of Clinical and Experimental Cardiology, Amsterdam UMC, Location AMC, Room K2-104.2, Meibergdreef 9, PO Box 22700, 1100 DE Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Antonius Baartscheer
- Heart Center, Department of Clinical and Experimental Cardiology, Amsterdam UMC, Location AMC, Room K2-104.2, Meibergdreef 9, PO Box 22700, 1100 DE Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Simona Casini
- Heart Center, Department of Clinical and Experimental Cardiology, Amsterdam UMC, Location AMC, Room K2-104.2, Meibergdreef 9, PO Box 22700, 1100 DE Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Rafik Tadros
- Cardiovascular Genetics Center, Montreal Heart Institute and Faculty of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Canada
| | - Jorien L Treur
- Department of Psychiatry, Amsterdam UMC, Location AMC, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Michael W T Tanck
- Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Department of Epidemiology and Data Science, Amsterdam Public Health (APH), The Netherlands
| | - I Jane Cox
- Institute of Hepatology London, Foundation for Liver Research, London, UK
- Faculty of Life Sciences & Medicine, Kings College, London, UK
| | - Fay Probert
- Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Tertius A Hough
- Mammalian Genetics Unit, MRC Harwell Institute, Harwell, Oxfordshire, UK
| | - Sara Falcone
- Mammalian Genetics Unit, MRC Harwell Institute, Harwell, Oxfordshire, UK
| | - Leander Beekman
- Heart Center, Department of Clinical and Experimental Cardiology, Amsterdam UMC, Location AMC, Room K2-104.2, Meibergdreef 9, PO Box 22700, 1100 DE Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Martina Müller-Nurasyid
- Research Unit of Molecular Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
- IBE, Faculty of Medicine, Ludwig Maximilian’s University (LMU) Munich, Munich, Germany
- Institute of Medical Biostatistics, Epidemiology and Informatics (IMBEI), University Medical Center, Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany
| | - Gabi Kastenmüller
- Institute of Bioinformatics and Systems Biology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Christian Gieger
- Research Unit of Molecular Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Neuherberg, Germany
- Institute of Human Genetics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
- Institute of Epidemiology II, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
- German Centre for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site: Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, Germany
| | - Annette Peters
- Institute of Epidemiology II, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
- German Centre for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site: Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, Germany
| | - Stefan Kääb
- German Centre for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site: Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, Germany
- Department of Medicine I (Cardiology), University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Moritz F Sinner
- German Centre for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site: Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, Germany
- Department of Medicine I (Cardiology), University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Andrew Blease
- Mammalian Genetics Unit, MRC Harwell Institute, Harwell, Oxfordshire, UK
| | - Arie O Verkerk
- Heart Center, Department of Clinical and Experimental Cardiology, Amsterdam UMC, Location AMC, Room K2-104.2, Meibergdreef 9, PO Box 22700, 1100 DE Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Connie R Bezzina
- Heart Center, Department of Clinical and Experimental Cardiology, Amsterdam UMC, Location AMC, Room K2-104.2, Meibergdreef 9, PO Box 22700, 1100 DE Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Paul K Potter
- Department of Biological and Medical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, Oxford Brookes University, Oxford, UK
| | - Carol Ann Remme
- Heart Center, Department of Clinical and Experimental Cardiology, Amsterdam UMC, Location AMC, Room K2-104.2, Meibergdreef 9, PO Box 22700, 1100 DE Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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David-Neto E, Filho MPM, de Sá ÍJAS, Agena F, de Andrade JL, de Paula FJ. The impact of mTOR inhibitors in the regression of left ventricular hypertrophy in elderly kidney transplant recipients. Clin Transplant 2022; 36:e14742. [PMID: 35678134 DOI: 10.1111/ctr.14742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2022] [Revised: 05/24/2022] [Accepted: 06/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
End-stage kidney disease is frequently associated with left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH), a condition more prevalent in the elderly, that may increase mortality after renal transplantation (RTx). Previous studies suggested that mTOR inhibitors (mTORi) can improve LVH, but this has never been tested in elderly kidney transplant recipients. In this prospective randomized clinical trial, we analyzed the impact of Everolimus (EVL) on the reversal of LVH after RTx in elderly recipients (≥60 years) submitted to different immunosuppressive regimens: EVL/lowTacrolimus (EVL group, n = 53) or mycophenolate sodium/regularTacrolimus (MPS group, n = 47). Patients performed echocardiograms (Echo) up to 3 months after RTx and then annually. At baseline, mean age was 65±3 years in both groups and LVH was observed in 63.6% of patients in EVL group and in 61.8% of MPS group. Last Echo was performed at mean time of 47 and 49 months after RTx in EVL and MPS groups, respectively (P = .34). LVH regression was observed in 23.8% (EVL group) and 19% (MPS group) of patients (P = 1.00). Mean eGFR, blood pressure, and use of RAS blockers were similar between groups throughout follow-up. EVL did not improve LVH in this cohort, and this lack of benefit may be attributed to concomitant use of TAC, senescence, or both.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elias David-Neto
- Kidney Transplant Service, Hospital das Clínicas, University of São Paulo School of Medicine, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Marcelo Paes Menezes Filho
- Kidney Transplant Service, Hospital das Clínicas, University of São Paulo School of Medicine, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Fabiana Agena
- Kidney Transplant Service, Hospital das Clínicas, University of São Paulo School of Medicine, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - José Lázaro de Andrade
- Echochardiographic Service of the Image and Radiology Institute, Hospital das Clínicas, University of São Paulo School of Medicine, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Flávio Jota de Paula
- Kidney Transplant Service, Hospital das Clínicas, University of São Paulo School of Medicine, São Paulo, Brazil
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28
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Cucu I, Nicolescu MI, Busnatu ȘS, Manole CG. Dynamic Involvement of Telocytes in Modulating Multiple Signaling Pathways in Cardiac Cytoarchitecture. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:5769. [PMID: 35628576 PMCID: PMC9143034 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23105769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2022] [Revised: 05/18/2022] [Accepted: 05/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiac interstitium is a complex and dynamic environment, vital for normal cardiac structure and function. Telocytes are active cellular players in regulating main events that feature myocardial homeostasis and orchestrating its involvement in heart pathology. Despite the great amount of data suggesting (microscopically, proteomically, genetically, etc.) the implications of telocytes in the different physiological and reparatory/regenerative processes of the heart, understanding their involvement in realizing the heart's mature cytoarchitecture is still at its dawn. Our scrutiny of the recent literature gave clearer insights into the implications of telocytes in the WNT signaling pathway, but also TGFB and PI3K/AKT pathways that, inter alia, conduct cardiomyocytes differentiation, maturation and final integration into heart adult architecture. These data also strengthen evidence for telocytes as promising candidates for cellular therapies in various heart pathologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ioana Cucu
- Faculty of Medicine, “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 050474 Bucharest, Romania;
| | - Mihnea Ioan Nicolescu
- Division of Histology, Faculty of Dental Medicine, “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 050474 Bucharest, Romania
- Laboratory of Radiobiology, “Victor Babeș” National Institute of Pathology, 050096 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Ștefan-Sebastian Busnatu
- Department of Cardiology-“Bagdasar Arseni” Emergency Clinical Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 041915 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Cătălin Gabriel Manole
- Department of Cellular & Molecular Biology and Histology, Faculty of Medicine, “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 050474 Bucharest, Romania;
- Laboratory of Ultrastructural Pathology, “Victor Babeș” National Institute of Pathology, 050096 Bucharest, Romania
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29
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Walkowski B, Kleibert M, Majka M, Wojciechowska M. Insight into the Role of the PI3K/Akt Pathway in Ischemic Injury and Post-Infarct Left Ventricular Remodeling in Normal and Diabetic Heart. Cells 2022; 11:cells11091553. [PMID: 35563860 PMCID: PMC9105930 DOI: 10.3390/cells11091553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2022] [Revised: 04/28/2022] [Accepted: 05/03/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite the significant decline in mortality, cardiovascular diseases are still the leading cause of death worldwide. Among them, myocardial infarction (MI) seems to be the most important. A further decline in the death rate may be achieved by the introduction of molecularly targeted drugs. It seems that the components of the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway are good candidates for this. The PI3K/Akt pathway plays a key role in the regulation of the growth and survival of cells, such as cardiomyocytes. In addition, it has been shown that the activation of the PI3K/Akt pathway results in the alleviation of the negative post-infarct changes in the myocardium and is impaired in the state of diabetes. In this article, the role of this pathway was described in each step of ischemia and subsequent left ventricular remodeling. In addition, we point out the most promising substances which need more investigation before introduction into clinical practice. Moreover, we present the impact of diabetes and widely used cardiac and antidiabetic drugs on the PI3K/Akt pathway and discuss the molecular mechanism of its effects on myocardial ischemia and left ventricular remodeling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bartosz Walkowski
- Laboratory of Centre for Preclinical Research, Department of Experimental and Clinical Physiology, Medical University of Warsaw, Banacha 1b, 02-097 Warsaw, Poland; (B.W.); (M.W.)
| | - Marcin Kleibert
- Laboratory of Centre for Preclinical Research, Department of Experimental and Clinical Physiology, Medical University of Warsaw, Banacha 1b, 02-097 Warsaw, Poland; (B.W.); (M.W.)
- Correspondence: (M.K.); (M.M.)
| | - Miłosz Majka
- Laboratory of Centre for Preclinical Research, Department of Experimental and Clinical Physiology, Medical University of Warsaw, Banacha 1b, 02-097 Warsaw, Poland; (B.W.); (M.W.)
- Correspondence: (M.K.); (M.M.)
| | - Małgorzata Wojciechowska
- Laboratory of Centre for Preclinical Research, Department of Experimental and Clinical Physiology, Medical University of Warsaw, Banacha 1b, 02-097 Warsaw, Poland; (B.W.); (M.W.)
- Invasive Cardiology Unit, Independent Public Specialist Western Hospital John Paul II, Daleka 11, 05-825 Grodzisk Mazowiecki, Poland
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30
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Zhou H, Xia C, Yang Y, Warusawitharana HK, Liu X, Tu Y. The Prevention Role of Theaflavin-3,3'-digallate in Angiotensin II Induced Pathological Cardiac Hypertrophy via CaN-NFAT Signal Pathway. Nutrients 2022; 14:1391. [PMID: 35406003 PMCID: PMC9003418 DOI: 10.3390/nu14071391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2022] [Revised: 03/24/2022] [Accepted: 03/24/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Theaflavin-3,3'-digallate (TF3) is a representative theaflavin of black tea and is remarkable for the anti-coronary heart disease effect. As an adaptive response to heart failure, pathological cardiac hypertrophy (PCH) has attracted great interest. In this study, the PCH cell model was established with H9c2 cells by angiotensin II, and the prevention effect and mechanisms of TF3 were investigated. The results showed that the cell size and fetal gene mRNA level were significantly reduced as pretreated with TF3 at the concentration range of 1-10 μM, also the balance of the redox system was recovered by TF3 at the concentration of 10 μM. The intracellular Ca2+ level decreased, Calcineurin (CaN) expression was down-regulated and the p-NFATc3 expression was up-regulated. These results indicated that TF3 could inhibit the activation of the CaN-NFAT signal pathway to prevent PCH, and TF3 may be a potentially effective natural compound for PCH and heart failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Zhou
- Department of Tea Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; (H.Z.); (C.X.); (Y.Y.); (H.K.W.)
| | - Chen Xia
- Department of Tea Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; (H.Z.); (C.X.); (Y.Y.); (H.K.W.)
| | - Yaqing Yang
- Department of Tea Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; (H.Z.); (C.X.); (Y.Y.); (H.K.W.)
| | | | - Xiaohui Liu
- College of Tea Science, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650201, China
| | - Youying Tu
- Department of Tea Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; (H.Z.); (C.X.); (Y.Y.); (H.K.W.)
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31
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Temiz-Resitoglu M, Guden DS, Senol SP, Vezir O, Sucu N, Kibar D, Yılmaz SN, Tunctan B, Malik KU, Sahan-Firat S. Pharmacological Inhibition of Mammalian Target of Rapamycin Attenuates Deoxycorticosterone Acetate Salt-Induced Hypertension and Related Pathophysiology: Regulation of Oxidative Stress, Inflammation, and Cardiovascular Hypertrophy in Male Rats. J Cardiovasc Pharmacol 2022; 79:355-367. [PMID: 34840266 DOI: 10.1097/fjc.0000000000001187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2021] [Accepted: 11/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
ABSTRACT The present study aimed to explore the contribution of mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) in deoxycorticosterone acetate (DOCA) salt-induced hypertension and related pathophysiological changes in cardiovascular and renal tissues. DOCA salt loading resulted in an increase in systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, and mean blood pressure along with the activity of ribosomal protein S6, the effector protein of mTOR. Treatment with rapamycin, the selective inhibitor of mTOR, initiated at the fourth week of DOCA- salt administration normalized the systolic blood pressure and attenuated ribosomal protein S6 activity in the heart, aorta, and kidney. Cardiac and vascular hypertrophy, oxidative stress, and infiltration of macrophages (CD68+), the marker of inflammation, were also reduced in rapamycin-treated, DOCA-salt, hypertensive rats. In addition, renal hypertrophy and dysfunction were also reduced with rapamycin-treated hypertensive rats. Moreover, these pathophysiological changes in DOCA-salt hypertensive rats were associated with increased NADPH oxidase (NOX) activity, gp91phox (formerly NOX2) expression, ERK1/2, and p38 MAPK activities in the heart, aorta, and kidney were minimized by rapamycin. These data indicate that mTOR plays an important role in regulating blood pressure and the development of cardiovascular and renal pathophysiological changes, most likely due to increased NOX expression/activity, ERK1/2, and p38 MAPK activity with macrophages infiltration in the heart, kidney, and aorta. Pharmacological inhibition of mTOR and related signaling pathways could serve as a novel target for the treatment of hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Demet S Guden
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mersin University, Mersin, Turkey
| | - Sefika P Senol
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mersin University, Mersin, Turkey
| | - Ozden Vezir
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Mersin State Hospital, Mersin, Turkey
| | - Nehir Sucu
- Departments of Cardiovascular Surgery; and
| | - Deniz Kibar
- Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Mersin University, Mersin, Turkey ; and
| | - Sakir N Yılmaz
- Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Mersin University, Mersin, Turkey ; and
| | - Bahar Tunctan
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mersin University, Mersin, Turkey
| | - Kafait U Malik
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, University of Tennessee, Center for Health Sciences, Memphis, TN
| | - Seyhan Sahan-Firat
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mersin University, Mersin, Turkey
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Abstract
ABSTRACT Cardiovascular disease (CVD) remains the leading cause of death worldwide. Therefore, exploring the mechanism of CVDs and critical regulatory factors is of great significance for promoting heart repair, reversing cardiac remodeling, and reducing adverse cardiovascular events. Recently, significant progress has been made in understanding the function of protein kinases and their interactions with other regulatory proteins in myocardial biology. Protein kinases are positioned as critical regulators at the intersection of multiple signals and coordinate nearly every aspect of myocardial responses, regulating contractility, metabolism, transcription, and cellular death. Equally, reconstructing the disrupted protein kinases regulatory network will help reverse pathological progress and stimulate cardiac repair. This review summarizes recent researches concerning the function of protein kinases in CVDs, discusses their promising clinical applications, and explores potential targets for future treatments.
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33
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Bourque K, Hawey C, Jiang A, Mazarura GR, Hébert TE. Biosensor-based profiling to track cellular signalling in patient-derived models of dilated cardiomyopathy. Cell Signal 2022; 91:110239. [PMID: 34990783 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2021.110239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2021] [Revised: 12/06/2021] [Accepted: 12/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Dilated cardiomyopathies (DCM) represent a diverse group of cardiovascular diseases impacting the structure and function of the myocardium. To better treat these diseases, we need to understand the impact of such cardiomyopathies on critical signalling pathways that drive disease progression downstream of receptors we often target therapeutically. Our understanding of cellular signalling events has progressed substantially in the last few years, in large part due to the design, validation and use of biosensor-based approaches to studying such events in cells, tissues and in some cases, living animals. Another transformative development has been the use of human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) to generate disease-relevant models from individual patients. We highlight the importance of going beyond monocellular cultures to incorporate the influence of paracrine signalling mediators. Finally, we discuss the recent coalition of these approaches in the context of DCM. We discuss recent work in generating patient-derived models of cardiomyopathies and the utility of using signalling biosensors to track disease progression and test potential therapeutic strategies that can be later used to inform treatment options in patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyla Bourque
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, McGill University, Montréal, Québec H3G 1Y6, Canada
| | - Cara Hawey
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, McGill University, Montréal, Québec H3G 1Y6, Canada
| | - Alyson Jiang
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, McGill University, Montréal, Québec H3G 1Y6, Canada
| | - Grace R Mazarura
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, McGill University, Montréal, Québec H3G 1Y6, Canada
| | - Terence E Hébert
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, McGill University, Montréal, Québec H3G 1Y6, Canada.
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34
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Pathophysiology of heart failure and an overview of therapies. Cardiovasc Pathol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-822224-9.00025-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
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35
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Class I PI3K Biology. Curr Top Microbiol Immunol 2022; 436:3-49. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-06566-8_1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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36
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Meucci MC, Reinders MEJ, Groeneweg KE, Bezstarosti S, Ajmone Marsan N, Bax JJ, De Fijter JW, Delgado V. Cardiovascular Effects of Autologous Bone Marrow-Derived Mesenchymal Stromal Cell Therapy With Early Tacrolimus Withdrawal in Renal Transplant Recipients: An Analysis of the Randomized TRITON Study. J Am Heart Assoc 2021; 10:e023300. [PMID: 34913362 PMCID: PMC9075245 DOI: 10.1161/jaha.121.023300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Background After renal transplantation, there is a need of immunosuppressive regimens that effectively prevent allograft rejection while minimizing cardiovascular complications. This substudy of the TRITON trial evaluated the cardiovascular effects of autologous bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) in renal transplant recipients. Methods and Results Renal transplant recipients were randomized to MSC therapy, infused at weeks 6 and 7 after transplantation, with withdrawal at week 8 of tacrolimus or standard tacrolimus dose. Fifty-four patients (MSC group=27; control group=27) underwent transthoracic echocardiography at weeks 4 and 24 after transplantation and were included in this substudy. Changes in clinical and echocardiographic variables were compared. The MSC group showed a benefit in blood pressure control, assessed by a significant interaction between changes in diastolic blood pressure and the treatment group (P=0.005), and a higher proportion of patients achieving the predefined blood pressure target of <140/90 mm Hg compared with the control group (59.3% versus 29.6%, P=0.03). A significant reduction in left ventricular mass index was observed in the MSC group, whereas there were no changes in the control group (P=0.002). The proportion of patients with left ventricular hypertrophy decreased at 24 weeks in the MSC group (33.3% versus 70.4%, P=0.006), whereas no changes were noted in the control group (63.0% versus 48.1%, P=0.29). Additionally, MSC therapy prevented progressive left ventricular diastolic dysfunction, as demonstrated by changes in mitral deceleration time and tricuspid regurgitant jet velocity. Conclusions MSC strategy is associated with improved blood pressure control, regression of left ventricular hypertrophy, and prevention of progressive diastolic dysfunction at 24 weeks after transplantation. Registration URL: https://www.clinicaltrials.gov; Unique identifier: NCT03398681.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Chiara Meucci
- Department of Cardiology Leiden University Medical Center Leiden the Netherlands.,Department of Cardiovascular and Thoracic Sciences Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCSCatholic University of the Sacred Heart Rome Italy
| | - Marlies E J Reinders
- Department of Internal Medicine (Nephrology) Leiden University Medical Center Leiden the Netherlands
| | - Koen E Groeneweg
- Department of Internal Medicine (Nephrology) Leiden University Medical Center Leiden the Netherlands
| | - Suzanne Bezstarosti
- Department of Internal Medicine (Nephrology) Leiden University Medical Center Leiden the Netherlands.,Department of Immunology Leiden University Medical Center Leiden the Netherlands
| | - Nina Ajmone Marsan
- Department of Cardiology Leiden University Medical Center Leiden the Netherlands
| | - Jeroen J Bax
- Department of Cardiology Leiden University Medical Center Leiden the Netherlands.,Heart Center University of Turku and Turku University Hospital Turku Finland
| | - Johan W De Fijter
- Department of Internal Medicine (Nephrology) Leiden University Medical Center Leiden the Netherlands
| | - Victoria Delgado
- Department of Cardiology Leiden University Medical Center Leiden the Netherlands
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37
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Vainio L, Taponen S, Kinnunen SM, Halmetoja E, Szabo Z, Alakoski T, Ulvila J, Junttila J, Lakkisto P, Magga J, Kerkelä R. GSK3β Serine 389 Phosphorylation Modulates Cardiomyocyte Hypertrophy and Ischemic Injury. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:13586. [PMID: 34948382 PMCID: PMC8707850 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222413586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2021] [Revised: 12/03/2021] [Accepted: 12/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Prior studies show that glycogen synthase kinase 3β (GSK3β) contributes to cardiac ischemic injury and cardiac hypertrophy. GSK3β is constitutionally active and phosphorylation of GSK3β at serine 9 (S9) inactivates the kinase and promotes cellular growth. GSK3β is also phosphorylated at serine 389 (S389), but the significance of this phosphorylation in the heart is not known. We analyzed GSK3β S389 phosphorylation in diseased hearts and utilized overexpression of GSK3β carrying ser→ala mutations at S9 (S9A) and S389 (S389A) to study the biological function of constitutively active GSK3β in primary cardiomyocytes. We found that phosphorylation of GSK3β at S389 was increased in left ventricular samples from patients with dilated cardiomyopathy and ischemic cardiomyopathy, and in hearts of mice subjected to thoracic aortic constriction. Overexpression of either GSK3β S9A or S389A reduced the viability of cardiomyocytes subjected to hypoxia-reoxygenation. Overexpression of double GSK3β mutant (S9A/S389A) further reduced cardiomyocyte viability. Determination of protein synthesis showed that overexpression of GSK3β S389A or GSK3β S9A/S389A increased both basal and agonist-induced cardiomyocyte growth. Mechanistically, GSK3β S389A mutation was associated with activation of mTOR complex 1 signaling. In conclusion, our data suggest that phosphorylation of GSK3β at S389 enhances cardiomyocyte survival and protects from cardiomyocyte hypertrophy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Vainio
- Research Unit of Biomedicine, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Oulu, Oulu 90220, Finland; (L.V.); (S.T.); (S.M.K.); (E.H.); (Z.S.); (T.A.); (J.U.); (J.M.)
- Biocenter Oulu, University of Oulu, Oulu 90220, Finland;
| | - Saija Taponen
- Research Unit of Biomedicine, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Oulu, Oulu 90220, Finland; (L.V.); (S.T.); (S.M.K.); (E.H.); (Z.S.); (T.A.); (J.U.); (J.M.)
- Biocenter Oulu, University of Oulu, Oulu 90220, Finland;
| | - Sini M. Kinnunen
- Research Unit of Biomedicine, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Oulu, Oulu 90220, Finland; (L.V.); (S.T.); (S.M.K.); (E.H.); (Z.S.); (T.A.); (J.U.); (J.M.)
- Drug Research Program, Division of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Helsinki, Helsinki 00014, Finland
| | - Eveliina Halmetoja
- Research Unit of Biomedicine, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Oulu, Oulu 90220, Finland; (L.V.); (S.T.); (S.M.K.); (E.H.); (Z.S.); (T.A.); (J.U.); (J.M.)
- Medical Research Center Oulu, Oulu University Hospital and University of Oulu, Oulu 90220, Finland
| | - Zoltan Szabo
- Research Unit of Biomedicine, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Oulu, Oulu 90220, Finland; (L.V.); (S.T.); (S.M.K.); (E.H.); (Z.S.); (T.A.); (J.U.); (J.M.)
| | - Tarja Alakoski
- Research Unit of Biomedicine, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Oulu, Oulu 90220, Finland; (L.V.); (S.T.); (S.M.K.); (E.H.); (Z.S.); (T.A.); (J.U.); (J.M.)
- Biocenter Oulu, University of Oulu, Oulu 90220, Finland;
| | - Johanna Ulvila
- Research Unit of Biomedicine, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Oulu, Oulu 90220, Finland; (L.V.); (S.T.); (S.M.K.); (E.H.); (Z.S.); (T.A.); (J.U.); (J.M.)
| | - Juhani Junttila
- Biocenter Oulu, University of Oulu, Oulu 90220, Finland;
- Medical Research Center Oulu, Oulu University Hospital and University of Oulu, Oulu 90220, Finland
- Research Unit of Internal Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Oulu University Hospital and University of Oulu, Oulu 90220, Finland
| | - Päivi Lakkisto
- Unit of Cardiovascular Research, Minerva Institute for Medical Research, Helsinki 00014, Finland;
- Department of Clinical Chemistry and Hematology, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki 00014, Finland
| | - Johanna Magga
- Research Unit of Biomedicine, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Oulu, Oulu 90220, Finland; (L.V.); (S.T.); (S.M.K.); (E.H.); (Z.S.); (T.A.); (J.U.); (J.M.)
- Biocenter Oulu, University of Oulu, Oulu 90220, Finland;
| | - Risto Kerkelä
- Research Unit of Biomedicine, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Oulu, Oulu 90220, Finland; (L.V.); (S.T.); (S.M.K.); (E.H.); (Z.S.); (T.A.); (J.U.); (J.M.)
- Biocenter Oulu, University of Oulu, Oulu 90220, Finland;
- Medical Research Center Oulu, Oulu University Hospital and University of Oulu, Oulu 90220, Finland
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Górska AA, Sandmann C, Riechert E, Hofmann C, Malovrh E, Varma E, Kmietczyk V, Ölschläger J, Jürgensen L, Kamuf-Schenk V, Stroh C, Furkel J, Konstandin MH, Sticht C, Boileau E, Dieterich C, Frey N, Katus HA, Doroudgar S, Völkers M. Muscle-specific Cand2 is translationally upregulated by mTORC1 and promotes adverse cardiac remodeling. EMBO Rep 2021; 22:e52170. [PMID: 34605609 PMCID: PMC8647021 DOI: 10.15252/embr.202052170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2020] [Revised: 08/26/2021] [Accepted: 09/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR) promotes pathological remodeling in the heart by activating ribosomal biogenesis and mRNA translation. Inhibition of mTOR in cardiomyocytes is protective; however, a detailed role of mTOR in translational regulation of specific mRNA networks in the diseased heart is unknown. We performed cardiomyocyte genome-wide sequencing to define mTOR-dependent gene expression control at the level of mRNA translation. We identify the muscle-specific protein Cullin-associated NEDD8-dissociated protein 2 (Cand2) as a translationally upregulated gene, dependent on the activity of mTOR. Deletion of Cand2 protects the myocardium against pathological remodeling. Mechanistically, we show that Cand2 links mTOR signaling to pathological cell growth by increasing Grk5 protein expression. Our data suggest that cell-type-specific targeting of mTOR might have therapeutic value against pathological cardiac remodeling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agnieszka A Górska
- Department of Cardiology, Angiology and Pneumology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany.,DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site, Heidelberg/Mannheim, Germany
| | - Clara Sandmann
- Department of Cardiology, Angiology and Pneumology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany.,DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site, Heidelberg/Mannheim, Germany
| | - Eva Riechert
- Department of Cardiology, Angiology and Pneumology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany.,DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site, Heidelberg/Mannheim, Germany
| | - Christoph Hofmann
- Department of Cardiology, Angiology and Pneumology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany.,DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site, Heidelberg/Mannheim, Germany
| | - Ellen Malovrh
- Department of Cardiology, Angiology and Pneumology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany.,DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site, Heidelberg/Mannheim, Germany
| | - Eshita Varma
- Department of Cardiology, Angiology and Pneumology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany.,DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site, Heidelberg/Mannheim, Germany
| | - Vivien Kmietczyk
- Department of Cardiology, Angiology and Pneumology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany.,DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site, Heidelberg/Mannheim, Germany
| | - Julie Ölschläger
- Department of Cardiology, Angiology and Pneumology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany.,DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site, Heidelberg/Mannheim, Germany
| | - Lonny Jürgensen
- Department of Cardiology, Angiology and Pneumology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany.,DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site, Heidelberg/Mannheim, Germany
| | - Verena Kamuf-Schenk
- Department of Cardiology, Angiology and Pneumology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany.,DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site, Heidelberg/Mannheim, Germany
| | - Claudia Stroh
- Department of Cardiology, Angiology and Pneumology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany.,DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site, Heidelberg/Mannheim, Germany
| | - Jennifer Furkel
- Department of Cardiology, Angiology and Pneumology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany.,DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site, Heidelberg/Mannheim, Germany
| | - Mathias H Konstandin
- Department of Cardiology, Angiology and Pneumology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany.,DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site, Heidelberg/Mannheim, Germany
| | - Carsten Sticht
- Medical Research Center, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Etienne Boileau
- Department of Cardiology, Angiology and Pneumology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany.,DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site, Heidelberg/Mannheim, Germany.,Section of Bioinformatics and Systems Cardiology, Department of Cardiology, Angiology, and Pneumology and Klaus Tschira Institute for Integrative Computational Cardiology, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Christoph Dieterich
- Department of Cardiology, Angiology and Pneumology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany.,DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site, Heidelberg/Mannheim, Germany.,Section of Bioinformatics and Systems Cardiology, Department of Cardiology, Angiology, and Pneumology and Klaus Tschira Institute for Integrative Computational Cardiology, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Norbert Frey
- Department of Cardiology, Angiology and Pneumology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany.,DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site, Heidelberg/Mannheim, Germany
| | - Hugo A Katus
- Department of Cardiology, Angiology and Pneumology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany.,DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site, Heidelberg/Mannheim, Germany
| | - Shirin Doroudgar
- Department of Cardiology, Angiology and Pneumology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany.,DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site, Heidelberg/Mannheim, Germany
| | - Mirko Völkers
- Department of Cardiology, Angiology and Pneumology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany.,DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site, Heidelberg/Mannheim, Germany
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Bi X, Zhang Y, Yu Y, Yuan J, Xu S, Liu F, Ye J, Liu P. MiRNA-339-5p promotes isoproterenol-induced cardiomyocyte hypertrophy by targeting VCP to activate the mTOR signaling. Cell Biol Int 2021; 46:288-299. [PMID: 34854520 DOI: 10.1002/cbin.11731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2021] [Revised: 09/09/2021] [Accepted: 11/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) regulate multiple biological processes and participate in various cardiovascular diseases. This study aims to investigate the role of miR-339-5p in cardiomyocyte hypertrophy and the involved mechanism. Neonatal rat cardiomyocytes (NRCMs) were cultured and stimulated with isoproterenol (ISO). The hypertrophic responses were monitored by measuring the cell surface area and expression of hypertrophic markers including β-myosin heavy chain (β-MHC) and atrial natriuretic factor (ANF). Bioinformatic prediction tools and dual-luciferase reporter assay were performed to identify the target gene of miR-339-5p. Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction and western blot analysis were used to determine the levels of miR-339-5p and its downstream effectors. Our data showed that miR-339-5p was upregulated during cardiomyocyte hypertrophy triggered by ISO. MiR-339-5p overexpression resulted in enlargement of cell size and increased the levels of hypertrophic markers. In contrast, inhibition of miR-339-5p significantly attenuated ISO-induced hypertrophic responses of NRCMs. Valosin-containing protein (VCP), a suppressor of cardiac hypertrophy via inhibiting mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR) signaling, was validated as a target of miR-339-5p. MiR-339-5p suppressed VCP protein expression, leading to elevated phosphorylation of mTOR and ribosomal protein S6 kinase (S6K). VCP depletion activated the mTOR/S6K cascade and could compromise the anti-hypertrophic effects of miR-339-5p inhibitor. Additionally, the hypertrophic responses caused by miR-339-5p was alleviated in the presence of mTOR inhibitor rapamycin. In conclusion, our research revealed that miR-339-5p promoted ISO-induced cardiomyocyte hypertrophy by targeting VCP to activate the mTOR signaling, suggesting a promising therapeutic intervention by interfering miR-339-5p.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xueying Bi
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangdong, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yuhong Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangdong, Guangzhou, China
| | - Youhui Yu
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangdong, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jing Yuan
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangdong, Guangzhou, China
| | - Siting Xu
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangdong, Guangzhou, China
| | - Fang Liu
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangdong, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jiantao Ye
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangdong, Guangzhou, China
| | - Peiqing Liu
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangdong, Guangzhou, China
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40
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Baraldo M, Nogara L, Dumitras GA, Tchampda Dondjang AH, Geremia A, Scalabrin M, Türk C, Telkamp F, Zentilin L, Giacca M, Krüger M, Blaauw B. Raptor is critical for increasing the mitochondrial proteome and skeletal muscle force during hypertrophy. FASEB J 2021; 35:e22031. [PMID: 34767636 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202101054rr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2021] [Revised: 10/11/2021] [Accepted: 10/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Loss of skeletal muscle mass and force is of critical importance in numerous pathologies, like age-related sarcopenia or cancer. It has been shown that the Akt-mTORC1 pathway is critical for stimulating adult muscle mass and function, however, it is unknown if mTORC1 is the only mediator downstream of Akt and which intracellular processes are required for functional muscle growth. Here, we show that loss of Raptor reduces muscle hypertrophy after Akt activation and completely prevents increases in muscle force. Interestingly, the residual hypertrophy after Raptor deletion can be completely prevented by administration of the mTORC1 inhibitor rapamycin. Using a quantitative proteomics approach we find that loss of Raptor affects the increases in mitochondrial proteins, while rapamycin mainly affects ribosomal proteins. Taken together, these results suggest that mTORC1 is the key mediator of Akt-dependent muscle growth and its regulation of the mitochondrial proteome is critical for increasing muscle force.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martina Baraldo
- Venetian Institute of Molecular Medicine (VIMM), Padova, Italy.,Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Leonardo Nogara
- Venetian Institute of Molecular Medicine (VIMM), Padova, Italy.,Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | | | | | - Alessia Geremia
- Venetian Institute of Molecular Medicine (VIMM), Padova, Italy.,Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Marco Scalabrin
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Clara Türk
- Institute for Genetics, Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD), University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Frederik Telkamp
- Institute for Genetics, Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD), University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Lorena Zentilin
- AAV Vector Unit, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (ICGEB), Trieste, Italy
| | - Mauro Giacca
- School of Cardiovascular Medicine & Sciences, King's College London, British Heart Foundation Centre of Research Excellence, London, UK
| | - Marcus Krüger
- Institute for Genetics, Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD), University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany.,Center for Molecular Medicine (CMMC), University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Bert Blaauw
- Venetian Institute of Molecular Medicine (VIMM), Padova, Italy.,Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
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41
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Sari N, Katanasaka Y, Sugiyama Y, Sunagawa Y, Miyazaki Y, Funamoto M, Shimizu S, Shimizu K, Murakami A, Mori K, Wada H, Hasegawa K, Morimoto T. Zerumbone prevents pressure overload-induced left ventricular systolic dysfunction by inhibiting cardiac hypertrophy and fibrosis. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2021; 92:153744. [PMID: 34563985 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2021.153744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2020] [Revised: 08/25/2021] [Accepted: 09/07/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cardiac hypertrophy and fibrosis are hallmarks of cardiac remodeling and are involved functionally in the development of heart failure (HF). However, it is unknown whether Zerumbone (Zer) prevents left ventricular (LV) systolic dysfunction by inhibiting cardiac hypertrophy and fibrosis. PURPOSE This study investigated the effect of Zer on cardiac hypertrophy and fibrosis in vitro and in vivo. STUDY DESIGN/METHODS In primary cultured cardiac cells from neonatal rats, the effect of Zer on phenylephrine (PE)-induced hypertrophic responses and transforming growth factor beta (TGF-β)-induced fibrotic responses was observed. To determine whether Zer prevents the development of pressure overload-induced HF in vivo, a transverse aortic constriction (TAC) mouse model was utilized. Cardiac function was evaluated by echocardiography. The changes of cardiomyocyte surface area were observed using immunofluorescence staining and histological analysis (HE and WGA staining). Collagen synthesis and fibrosis formation were measured by scintillation counter and picrosirius staining, respectively. The total mRNA levels of genes associated with hypertrophy (ANF and BNP) and fibrosis (Postn and α-SMA) were measured by qRT-PCR. The protein expressions (Akt and α-SMA) were assessed by western blotting. RESULTS Zer significantly suppressed PE-induced increase in cell size, mRNA levels of ANF and BNP, and Akt phosphorylation in cardiomyocytes. The TGF-β-induced increase in proline incorporation, mRNA levels of Postn and α-SMA, and protein expression of α-SMA were decreased by Zer in cultured cardiac fibroblasts. In the TAC male C57BL/6 mice, echocardiography results demonstrated that Zer improved cardiac function by increasing LV fractional shortening and reducing LV wall thickness compared with the vehicle group. ZER significantly reduced the level of phosphorylated Akt both in cultured cardiomyocytes treated with PE and in the hearts of TAC. Finally, Zer inhibited the pressure overload-induced cardiac hypertrophy and cardiac fibrosis. CONCLUSION Zer ameliorates pressure overload-induced LV dysfunction, at least in part by suppressing both cardiac hypertrophy and fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nurmila Sari
- Division of Molecular Medicine, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Shizuoka, Shizuoka, 422-8526, Japan
| | - Yasufumi Katanasaka
- Division of Molecular Medicine, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Shizuoka, Shizuoka, 422-8526, Japan; Clinical Research Institute, Division of Translational Research, National Hospital Organization Kyoto Medical Center, Kyoto, 612-8555, Japan; Shizuoka General Hospital, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Yuga Sugiyama
- Division of Molecular Medicine, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Shizuoka, Shizuoka, 422-8526, Japan
| | - Yoichi Sunagawa
- Division of Molecular Medicine, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Shizuoka, Shizuoka, 422-8526, Japan; Clinical Research Institute, Division of Translational Research, National Hospital Organization Kyoto Medical Center, Kyoto, 612-8555, Japan; Shizuoka General Hospital, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Yusuke Miyazaki
- Division of Molecular Medicine, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Shizuoka, Shizuoka, 422-8526, Japan
| | - Masafumi Funamoto
- Division of Molecular Medicine, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Shizuoka, Shizuoka, 422-8526, Japan
| | - Satoshi Shimizu
- Division of Molecular Medicine, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Shizuoka, Shizuoka, 422-8526, Japan
| | - Kana Shimizu
- Division of Molecular Medicine, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Shizuoka, Shizuoka, 422-8526, Japan
| | - Akira Murakami
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, School of Human Science and Environment, University of Hyogo, Hyogo, Japan
| | - Kiyoshi Mori
- Division of Molecular Medicine, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Shizuoka, Shizuoka, 422-8526, Japan
| | - Hiromichi Wada
- Clinical Research Institute, Division of Translational Research, National Hospital Organization Kyoto Medical Center, Kyoto, 612-8555, Japan
| | - Koji Hasegawa
- Clinical Research Institute, Division of Translational Research, National Hospital Organization Kyoto Medical Center, Kyoto, 612-8555, Japan
| | - Tatsuya Morimoto
- Division of Molecular Medicine, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Shizuoka, Shizuoka, 422-8526, Japan; Clinical Research Institute, Division of Translational Research, National Hospital Organization Kyoto Medical Center, Kyoto, 612-8555, Japan; Shizuoka General Hospital, Shizuoka, Japan.
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42
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Cha BH, Jung M, Kim AS, Lepak VC, Colson BA, Bull DA, Won Y. AZD2014, a dual mTOR inhibitor, attenuates cardiac hypertrophy in vitro and in vivo. J Biol Eng 2021; 15:24. [PMID: 34674743 PMCID: PMC8529824 DOI: 10.1186/s13036-021-00276-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2021] [Accepted: 10/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiac hypertrophy is one of the most common genetic heart disorders and considered a risk factor for cardiac morbidity and mortality. The mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) pathway plays a key regulatory function in cardiovascular physiology and pathology in hypertrophy. AZD2014 is a small-molecule ATP competitive mTOR inhibitor working on both mTORC1 and mTORC2 complexes. Little is known about the therapeutic effects of AZD2014 in cardiac hypertrophy and its underlying mechanism. Here, AZD2014 is examined in in vitro model of phenylephrine (PE)-induced human cardiomyocyte hypertrophy and a myosin-binding protein-C (Mybpc3)-targeted knockout (KO) mouse model of cardiac hypertrophy. Our results demonstrate that cardiomyocytes treated with AZD2014 retain the normal phenotype and AZD2014 attenuates cardiac hypertrophy in the Mybpc3-KO mouse model through inhibition of dual mTORC1 and mTORC2, which in turn results in the down-regulation of the Akt/mTOR signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Byung-Hyun Cha
- Division of Cardio-Thoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Arizona College of Medicine, Tucson, AZ, 85724, USA
| | - Minjin Jung
- Division of Cardio-Thoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Arizona College of Medicine, Tucson, AZ, 85724, USA
| | - Angela S Kim
- Division of Cardio-Thoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Arizona College of Medicine, Tucson, AZ, 85724, USA
| | - Victoria C Lepak
- Department of Cellular & Molecular Medicine, University of Arizona College of Medicine, Tucson, AZ, 85724, USA
| | - Brett A Colson
- Department of Cellular & Molecular Medicine, University of Arizona College of Medicine, Tucson, AZ, 85724, USA
| | - David A Bull
- Division of Cardio-Thoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Arizona College of Medicine, Tucson, AZ, 85724, USA
| | - Youngwook Won
- Division of Cardio-Thoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Arizona College of Medicine, Tucson, AZ, 85724, USA.
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43
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Mohan M, Dihoum A, Mordi IR, Choy AM, Rena G, Lang CC. Left Ventricular Hypertrophy in Diabetic Cardiomyopathy: A Target for Intervention. Front Cardiovasc Med 2021; 8:746382. [PMID: 34660744 PMCID: PMC8513785 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2021.746382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2021] [Accepted: 09/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Heart failure is an important manifestation of diabetic heart disease. Before the development of symptomatic heart failure, as much as 50% of patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) develop asymptomatic left ventricular dysfunction including left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH). Left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH) is highly prevalent in patients with T2DM and is a strong predictor of adverse cardiovascular outcomes including heart failure. Importantly regression of LVH with antihypertensive treatment especially renin angiotensin system blockers reduces cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. However, this approach is only partially effective since LVH persists in 20% of patients with hypertension who attain target blood pressure, implicating the role of other potential mechanisms in the development of LVH. Moreover, the pathophysiology of LVH in T2DM remains unclear and is not fully explained by the hyperglycemia-associated cellular alterations. There is a growing body of evidence that supports the role of inflammation, oxidative stress, AMP-activated kinase (AMPK) and insulin resistance in mediating the development of LVH. The recognition of asymptomatic LVH may offer an opportune target for intervention with cardio-protective therapy in these at-risk patients. In this article, we provide a review of some of the key clinical studies that evaluated the effects of allopurinol, SGLT2 inhibitor and metformin in regressing LVH in patients with and without T2DM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohapradeep Mohan
- Division of Mental Health and Wellbeing, Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, Coventry, United Kingdom.,Division of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, School of Medicine, Ninewells Hospital and Medical School, University of Dundee, Dundee, United Kingdom
| | - Adel Dihoum
- Division of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, School of Medicine, Ninewells Hospital and Medical School, University of Dundee, Dundee, United Kingdom
| | - Ify R Mordi
- Division of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, School of Medicine, Ninewells Hospital and Medical School, University of Dundee, Dundee, United Kingdom
| | - Anna-Maria Choy
- Division of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, School of Medicine, Ninewells Hospital and Medical School, University of Dundee, Dundee, United Kingdom
| | - Graham Rena
- Division of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, School of Medicine, Ninewells Hospital and Medical School, University of Dundee, Dundee, United Kingdom
| | - Chim C Lang
- Division of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, School of Medicine, Ninewells Hospital and Medical School, University of Dundee, Dundee, United Kingdom.,UKM Medical Molecular Biology Institute (UMBI), Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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44
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Sari N, Katanasaka Y, Sugiyama Y, Miyazaki Y, Sunagawa Y, Funamoto M, Shimizu K, Shimizu S, Hasegawa K, Morimoto T. Alpha Mangostin Derived from Garcinia magostana Linn Ameliorates Cardiomyocyte Hypertrophy and Fibroblast Phenotypes in Vitro. Biol Pharm Bull 2021; 44:1465-1472. [PMID: 34602555 DOI: 10.1248/bpb.b21-00294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Cardiac hypertrophy and fibrosis are significant risk factors for chronic heart failure (HF). Since pharmacotherapy agents targeting these processes have not been established, we investigated the effect of alpha-magostin (α-man) on cardiomyocyte hypertrophy and fibrosis in vitro. Primary cultured cardiomyocytes and cardiac fibroblasts were prepared from neonatal rats. After α-man treatment, phenylephrine (PE) and transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-β) were added to the cardiomyocytes and cardiac fibroblasts to induce hypertrophic and fibrotic responses, respectively. Hypertrophic responses were assessed by measuring the cardiomyocyte surface area and hypertrophic gene expression levels. PE-induced phosphorylation of Akt, extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK)1/2, and p38 was examined by Western blotting. Fibrotic responses were assessed by measuring collagen synthesis, fibrotic gene expression levels, and myofibroblast differentiation. In addition, TGF-β-induced reactive oxygen species (ROS) production was investigated. In cultured cardiomyocytes, α-man significantly suppressed PE-induced increases in the cardiomyocyte surface area, and the mRNA levels (atrial natriuretic factor (ANF) and brain natriuretic peptide (BNP)). Treatment with α-man significantly suppressed PE-induced Akt phosphorylation, but not ERK and p38 phosphorylation. In cultured cardiac fibroblasts, α-man significantly suppressed TGF-β-induced increases in L-proline incorporation, mRNA levels (POSTN and alpha-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA)), and myofibroblast differentiation. Additionally, it significantly inhibited TGF-β-induced reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate oxidase4 (NOX4) expression and ROS production in cardiac fibroblasts. Treatment with α-man significantly ameliorates hypertrophy by inhibiting Akt phosphorylation in cardiomyocytes and fibrosis by inhibiting NOX4-generating ROS in fibroblasts. These findings suggest that α-man is a possible natural product for the prevention of cardiac hypertrophy and fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nurmila Sari
- Division of Molecular Medicine, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Shizuoka
| | - Yasufumi Katanasaka
- Division of Molecular Medicine, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Shizuoka.,Clinical Research Institute, Division of Translational Research, National Hospital Organization Kyoto Medical Center.,Shizuoka General Hospital
| | - Yuga Sugiyama
- Division of Molecular Medicine, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Shizuoka
| | - Yusuke Miyazaki
- Division of Molecular Medicine, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Shizuoka.,Clinical Research Institute, Division of Translational Research, National Hospital Organization Kyoto Medical Center.,Shizuoka General Hospital
| | - Yoichi Sunagawa
- Division of Molecular Medicine, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Shizuoka.,Clinical Research Institute, Division of Translational Research, National Hospital Organization Kyoto Medical Center.,Shizuoka General Hospital
| | - Masafumi Funamoto
- Division of Molecular Medicine, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Shizuoka.,Clinical Research Institute, Division of Translational Research, National Hospital Organization Kyoto Medical Center
| | - Kana Shimizu
- Division of Molecular Medicine, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Shizuoka.,Clinical Research Institute, Division of Translational Research, National Hospital Organization Kyoto Medical Center
| | - Satoshi Shimizu
- Division of Molecular Medicine, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Shizuoka.,Clinical Research Institute, Division of Translational Research, National Hospital Organization Kyoto Medical Center
| | - Koji Hasegawa
- Division of Molecular Medicine, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Shizuoka.,Clinical Research Institute, Division of Translational Research, National Hospital Organization Kyoto Medical Center
| | - Tatsuya Morimoto
- Division of Molecular Medicine, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Shizuoka.,Clinical Research Institute, Division of Translational Research, National Hospital Organization Kyoto Medical Center.,Shizuoka General Hospital
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45
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Pang Y, Ma M, Wang D, Li X, Jiang L. TANK Promotes Pressure Overload Induced Cardiac Hypertrophy via Activating AKT Signaling Pathway. Front Cardiovasc Med 2021; 8:687540. [PMID: 34540911 PMCID: PMC8446676 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2021.687540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2021] [Accepted: 07/19/2021] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: TANK (TRAF family member associated NF-κB activator) acts as a member of scaffold proteins participated in the development of multiple diseases. However, its function in process of cardiac hypertrophy is still unknown. Methods and Results: In this study, we observed an increased expression of TANK in murine hypertrophic hearts after aortic banding, suggesting that TANK may be involved in the pathogenesis of cardiac hypertrophy. We generated cardiac-specific TANK knockout mice, and subsequently subjected to aortic banding for 4–8 weeks. TANK knockout mice showed attenuated cardiac hypertrophy and dysfunction compared to the control group. In contrast, cardiac-specific TANK transgenic mice showed opposite signs. Consistently, in vitro experiments revealed that TANK knockdown decreased the cell size and expression of hypertrophic markers. Mechanistically, AKT signaling was inhibited in TANK knockout mice, but activated in TANK transgenic mice after aortic banding. Blocking AKT signaling with a pharmacological AKT inhibitor alleviated the cardiac hypertrophy and dysfunction in TANK transgenic mice. Conclusions: Collectively, we identified TANK accelerates the progression of pathological cardiac hypertrophy and is a potential therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanan Pang
- Division of Cardiology, TongRen Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Minglu Ma
- Division of Cardiology, TongRen Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Dong Wang
- Division of Cardiology, TongRen Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xun Li
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Li Jiang
- Division of Cardiology, TongRen Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
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Ding Y, Wang J, Lu J. miR-337-5p promotes the development of cardiac hypertrophy by targeting Ubiquilin-1 (UBQLN1). Bioengineered 2021; 12:6771-6781. [PMID: 34515612 PMCID: PMC8806775 DOI: 10.1080/21655979.2021.1964892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiac hypertrophy is an adaptive response of the myocardium to the pressure overload of the heart. MicroRNAs (miRNAs/miRs) are shown to be directly involved in the development of cardiac hypertrophy. However, the function of miR-337-5p and its potential contribution to the serine/threonine-protein kinase, a mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) signaling in cardiac hypertrophy remains unknown. In the present study, miR-337-5p expression was examined in cardiomyocytes treated with angiotensin II (Ang II). An adenovirus vector system was employed to knockdown miR-337-5p expression to investigate its functions in cardiac hypertrophy. The results revealed a significant increase in the expression of miR-337-5p in cardiomyocytes treated with Ang II as compared with controls. In addition, downregulation of miR-337-5p expression inhibited cardiac hypertrophy both in vitro and in vivo. Dual-luciferase reporter assays demonstrated Ubiquilin-1 (UBQLN1) as the direct target of miR-337-5p, and revealed its function in the modulation of mTOR signaling. Rescue experiments indicated that UBQLN1 overexpression reversed the effects of miR-337-5p, and further verified this interaction. In summary, the results of the present study show that miR-337-5p silencing attenuates cardiac hypertrophy by targeting UBQLN1. Therefore, miR-337-5p plays a critical role in cardiac hypertrophy and may serve as a new therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Ding
- Electrocardiographic Function Department, Xiangyang Central Hospital, Affiliated Hospital Of Hubei University Of Arts And Science, Xiangyang, Hubei, China
| | - Jingyu Wang
- Electrocardiographic Function Department, Xiangyang Central Hospital, Affiliated Hospital Of Hubei University Of Arts And Science, Xiangyang, Hubei, China
| | - Jun Lu
- Electrocardiographic Function Department, Xiangyang Central Hospital, Affiliated Hospital Of Hubei University Of Arts And Science, Xiangyang, Hubei, China
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Zeng J, Wang L, Zhao J, Zheng Z, Peng J, Zhang W, Wen T, Nie J, Ding L, Yi D. MiR-100-5p regulates cardiac hypertrophy through activation of autophagy by targeting mTOR. Hum Cell 2021; 34:1388-1397. [PMID: 34138410 DOI: 10.1007/s13577-021-00566-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2021] [Accepted: 06/07/2021] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Autophagy has been proved to play a vital role in cardiac hypertrophy. The present study was designed to investigate the relationship between miR-100-5p and autophagy in the development of cardiac hypertrophy. Here, miR-100-5p expression was detected in abdominal aortic coarctation (AAC)-induced cardiac hypertrophy rats and Angiotensin II (Ang II)-stimulated cardiomyocytes. In vitro and in vivo experiments were performed to explore the function of miR-100-5p on autophagy and cardiac hypertrophy. We also investigated the mechanism of miR-100-5p on autophagy with dual-luciferase reporter assays, RNA immunoprecipitation (RIP), quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR), western blot, immunofluorescence, and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The results showed that miR-100-5p was highly expressed in hypertrophic hearts and Ang II-induced cardiomyocytes. Overexpression of miR-100-5p promoted the expression of cardiac hypertrophy markers ANP, BNP and β-MHC and cell surface area, while those were suppressed by miR-100-5p inhibitor. Knockdown of miR-100-5p by antagomiR significantly improves cardiac function and attenuate cardiac hypertrophy in vivo. Mechanistic investigation has found that miR-100-5p promote autophagy by targeting mTOR. Inhibition of autophagy by 3-methyladenine (3-MA) or mTOR overexpression could reverse the function of miR-100-5p in cardiac hypertrophy. These results elucidate that miR-100-5p promoted the pathogenesis of cardiac hypertrophy through autophagy activation by targeting mTOR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junyi Zeng
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, 17 Yongwaizheng Street, Nanchang, 330006, Jiangxi, China.
- Jiangxi Hypertension Research Institute, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, 17 Yongwaizheng Street, Nanchang, 330006, Jiangxi, China.
| | - Liang Wang
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, 17 Yongwaizheng Street, Nanchang, 330006, Jiangxi, China
| | - Jianqing Zhao
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, 17 Yongwaizheng Street, Nanchang, 330006, Jiangxi, China
| | - Zeqi Zheng
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, 17 Yongwaizheng Street, Nanchang, 330006, Jiangxi, China
- Jiangxi Hypertension Research Institute, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, 17 Yongwaizheng Street, Nanchang, 330006, Jiangxi, China
| | - Jingtian Peng
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, 17 Yongwaizheng Street, Nanchang, 330006, Jiangxi, China
| | - Wan Zhang
- Jiangxi Hypertension Research Institute, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, 17 Yongwaizheng Street, Nanchang, 330006, Jiangxi, China
| | - Tong Wen
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, 17 Yongwaizheng Street, Nanchang, 330006, Jiangxi, China
| | - Jungang Nie
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, 17 Yongwaizheng Street, Nanchang, 330006, Jiangxi, China
| | - Lu Ding
- Jiangxi Hypertension Research Institute, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, 17 Yongwaizheng Street, Nanchang, 330006, Jiangxi, China
| | - Dasong Yi
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, 17 Yongwaizheng Street, Nanchang, 330006, Jiangxi, China
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Role of metabolomics in identifying cardiac hypertrophy: an overview of the past 20 years of development and future perspective. Expert Rev Mol Med 2021; 23:e8. [PMID: 34376261 DOI: 10.1017/erm.2021.12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Cardiac hypertrophy (CH) is an augmentation of either the right ventricular or the left ventricular mass in order to compensate for the increase of work load on the heart. Metabolic abnormalities lead to histological changes of cardiac myocytes and turn into CH. The molecular mechanisms that lead to initiate CH have been of widespread concern, hence the development of the new field of research, metabolomics: one 'omics' approach that can reveal comprehensive information of the paradigm shift of metabolic pathways network in contrast to individual enzymatic reaction-based metabolites, have attempted and until now only 19 studies have been conducted using experimental animal and human specimens. Nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy and mass spectrometry-based metabolomics studies have found that CH is a metabolic disease and is mainly linked to the harmonic imbalance of glycolysis, citric acid cycle, amino acids and lipid metabolism. The current review will summarise the main outcomes of the above mentioned 19 studies that have expanded our understanding of the molecular mechanisms that may lead to CH and eventually to heart failure.
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49
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Selvarani R, Mohammed S, Richardson A. Effect of rapamycin on aging and age-related diseases-past and future. GeroScience 2021; 43:1135-1158. [PMID: 33037985 PMCID: PMC8190242 DOI: 10.1007/s11357-020-00274-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 114] [Impact Index Per Article: 38.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2020] [Accepted: 09/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
In 2009, rapamycin was reported to increase the lifespan of mice when implemented later in life. This observation resulted in a sea-change in how researchers viewed aging. This was the first evidence that a pharmacological agent could have an impact on aging when administered later in life, i.e., an intervention that did not have to be implemented early in life before the negative impact of aging. Over the past decade, there has been an explosion in the number of reports studying the effect of rapamycin on various diseases, physiological functions, and biochemical processes in mice. In this review, we focus on those areas in which there is strong evidence for rapamycin's effect on aging and age-related diseases in mice, e.g., lifespan, cardiac disease/function, central nervous system, immune system, and cell senescence. We conclude that it is time that pre-clinical studies be focused on taking rapamycin to the clinic, e.g., as a potential treatment for Alzheimer's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramasamy Selvarani
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | - Sabira Mohammed
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | - Arlan Richardson
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA.
- Oklahoma City VA Medical Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA.
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50
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Martins WK, Silva MDND, Pandey K, Maejima I, Ramalho E, Olivon VC, Diniz SN, Grasso D. Autophagy-targeted therapy to modulate age-related diseases: Success, pitfalls, and new directions. CURRENT RESEARCH IN PHARMACOLOGY AND DRUG DISCOVERY 2021; 2:100033. [PMID: 34909664 PMCID: PMC8663935 DOI: 10.1016/j.crphar.2021.100033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2020] [Revised: 04/15/2021] [Accepted: 05/02/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Autophagy is a critical metabolic process that supports homeostasis at a basal level and is dynamically regulated in response to various physiological and pathological processes. Autophagy has some etiologic implications that support certain pathological processes due to alterations in the lysosomal-degradative pathway. Some of the conditions related to autophagy play key roles in highly relevant human diseases, e.g., cardiovascular diseases (15.5%), malignant and other neoplasms (9.4%), and neurodegenerative conditions (3.7%). Despite advances in the discovery of new strategies to treat these age-related diseases, autophagy has emerged as a therapeutic option after preclinical and clinical studies. Here, we discuss the pitfalls and success in regulating autophagy initiation and its lysosome-dependent pathway to restore its homeostatic role and mediate therapeutic effects for cancer, neurodegenerative, and cardiac diseases. The main challenge for the development of autophagy regulators for clinical application is the lack of specificity of the repurposed drugs, due to the low pharmacological uniqueness of their target, including those that target the PI3K/AKT/mTOR and AMPK pathway. Then, future efforts must be conducted to deal with this scenery, including the disclosure of key components in the autophagy machinery that may intervene in its therapeutic regulation. Among all efforts, those focusing on the development of novel allosteric inhibitors against autophagy inducers, as well as those targeting autolysosomal function, and their integration into therapeutic regimens should remain a priority for the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Waleska Kerllen Martins
- Laboratory of Cell and Membrane (LCM), Anhanguera University of São Paulo (UNIAN), Rua Raimundo Pereira de Magalhães, 3,305. Pirituba, São Paulo, 05145-200, Brazil
| | - Maryana do Nascimento da Silva
- Laboratory of Cell and Membrane (LCM), Anhanguera University of São Paulo (UNIAN), Rua Raimundo Pereira de Magalhães, 3,305. Pirituba, São Paulo, 05145-200, Brazil
| | - Kiran Pandey
- Center for Neural Science, New York University, Meyer Building, Room 823, 4 Washington Place, New York, NY, 10003, USA
| | - Ikuko Maejima
- Laboratory of Molecular Traffic, Institute for Molecular and Cellular Regulation, Gunma University, 3-39-15 Showa Machi, Maebashi, Gunma, 3718512, Japan
| | - Ercília Ramalho
- Laboratory of Cell and Membrane (LCM), Anhanguera University of São Paulo (UNIAN), Rua Raimundo Pereira de Magalhães, 3,305. Pirituba, São Paulo, 05145-200, Brazil
| | - Vania Claudia Olivon
- Laboratory of Pharmacology and Physiology, UNIDERP, Av. Ceará, 333. Vila Miguel Couto, Campo Grande, MS, 79003-010, Brazil
| | - Susana Nogueira Diniz
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology and Functional Genomics, Anhanguera University of São Paulo (UNIAN), Rua Raimundo Pereira de Magalhães, 3,305. Pirituba, São Paulo, 05145-200, Brazil
| | - Daniel Grasso
- Instituto de Estudios de la Inmunidad Humoral (IDEHU), Universidad de Buenos Aires, CONICET, Junín 954 p4, Buenos Aires, C1113AAD, Argentina
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