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Ryu WS, Woo SH, Schellingerhout D, Chung MK, Kim CK, Jang MU, Park KJ, Hong KS, Jeong SW, Na JY, Cho KH, Kim JT, Kim BJ, Han MK, Lee J, Cha JK, Kim DH, Lee SJ, Ko Y, Cho YJ, Lee BC, Yu KH, Oh MS, Park JM, Kang K, Lee KB, Park TH, Lee J, Choi HK, Lee K, Bae HJ, Kim DE. Grading and interpretation of white matter hyperintensities using statistical maps. Stroke 2014; 45:3567-75. [PMID: 25388424 DOI: 10.1161/strokeaha.114.006662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE We aimed to generate rigorous graphical and statistical reference data based on volumetric measurements for assessing the relative severity of white matter hyperintensities (WMHs) in patients with stroke. METHODS We prospectively mapped WMHs from 2699 patients with first-ever ischemic stroke (mean age=66.8±13.0 years) enrolled consecutively from 11 nationwide stroke centers, from patient (fluid-attenuated-inversion-recovery) MRIs onto a standard brain template set. Using multivariable analyses, we assessed the impact of major (age/hypertension) and minor risk factors on WMH variability. RESULTS We have produced a large reference data library showing the location and quantity of WMHs as topographical frequency-volume maps. This easy-to-use graphical reference data set allows the quantitative estimation of the severity of WMH as a percentile rank score. For all patients (median age=69 years), multivariable analysis showed that age, hypertension, atrial fibrillation, and left ventricular hypertrophy were independently associated with increasing WMH (0-9.4%, median=0.6%, of the measured brain volume). For younger (≤69) hypertensives (n=819), age and left ventricular hypertrophy were positively associated with WMH. For older (≥70) hypertensives (n=944), age and cholesterol had positive relationships with WMH, whereas diabetes mellitus, hyperlipidemia, and atrial fibrillation had negative relationships with WMH. For younger nonhypertensives (n=578), age and diabetes mellitus were positively related to WMH. For older nonhypertensives (n=328), only age was positively associated with WMH. CONCLUSIONS We have generated a novel graphical WMH grading (Kim statistical WMH scoring) system, correlated to risk factors and adjusted for age/hypertension. Further studies are required to confirm whether the combined data set allows grading of WMH burden in individual patients and a tailored patient-specific interpretation in ischemic stroke-related clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wi-Sun Ryu
- From the Stroke Center and Korean Brain MRI Data Center, Dongguk University Ilsan Hospital, Goyang, Korea (W.-S.R., S.-H.W., S.-W.J., J.-Y.N., D.-E.K.); Department of Radiology, University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston (D.S.); Department of Biostatistics and Medical Informatics, University of Wisconsin-Madison (M.K.C.); WeBace Co, Ltd, Busan, Korea (K.-J.P.); Department of Neurology, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea (C.K.K.); Department of Neurology, Chuncheon Sacred Heart Hospital, Chuncheon, Korea (M.U.J.); Department of Neurology, Ilsan Paik Hospital, Goyang, Korea (K.-S.H., Y.-J.C.); Department of Neurology, Chonnam National University Hospital, Gwangju, Korea (K.-H.C., J.-T.K.); Department of Neurology, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Korea (B.J.K., M.-K.H., H.-J.B.); Department of Neurology, Yeungnam University Hospital, Daegu, Korea (J.L.); Department of Neurology, Dong-A University Hospital, Busan, Korea (J.-K.C., D.-H.K.); Department of Neurology, Eulji University Hospital, Daejeon, Korea (S.J.L., Y.K.); Department of Neurology, Hallym University Sacred Heart Hospital, Anyang, Korea (B.-C.L., K.-H.Y., M.-S.O.); Department of Neurology, Eulji General Hospital, Seoul, Korea (J.-M.P., K.K.); Department of Neurology, Soonchunhyang University Hospital, Seoul, Korea (K.B.L.); Department of Neurology, Seoul Medical Center, Seoul, Korea (T.H.P.); Department of Biostatistics, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea (J.L.); Department of Computer Science, Inje University, Busan, Korea (H.-K.C.); and Departments of Neurology and Neurosurgery, The University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston (K.L.)
| | - Sung-Ho Woo
- From the Stroke Center and Korean Brain MRI Data Center, Dongguk University Ilsan Hospital, Goyang, Korea (W.-S.R., S.-H.W., S.-W.J., J.-Y.N., D.-E.K.); Department of Radiology, University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston (D.S.); Department of Biostatistics and Medical Informatics, University of Wisconsin-Madison (M.K.C.); WeBace Co, Ltd, Busan, Korea (K.-J.P.); Department of Neurology, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea (C.K.K.); Department of Neurology, Chuncheon Sacred Heart Hospital, Chuncheon, Korea (M.U.J.); Department of Neurology, Ilsan Paik Hospital, Goyang, Korea (K.-S.H., Y.-J.C.); Department of Neurology, Chonnam National University Hospital, Gwangju, Korea (K.-H.C., J.-T.K.); Department of Neurology, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Korea (B.J.K., M.-K.H., H.-J.B.); Department of Neurology, Yeungnam University Hospital, Daegu, Korea (J.L.); Department of Neurology, Dong-A University Hospital, Busan, Korea (J.-K.C., D.-H.K.); Department of Neurology, Eulji University Hospital, Daejeon, Korea (S.J.L., Y.K.); Department of Neurology, Hallym University Sacred Heart Hospital, Anyang, Korea (B.-C.L., K.-H.Y., M.-S.O.); Department of Neurology, Eulji General Hospital, Seoul, Korea (J.-M.P., K.K.); Department of Neurology, Soonchunhyang University Hospital, Seoul, Korea (K.B.L.); Department of Neurology, Seoul Medical Center, Seoul, Korea (T.H.P.); Department of Biostatistics, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea (J.L.); Department of Computer Science, Inje University, Busan, Korea (H.-K.C.); and Departments of Neurology and Neurosurgery, The University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston (K.L.)
| | - Dawid Schellingerhout
- From the Stroke Center and Korean Brain MRI Data Center, Dongguk University Ilsan Hospital, Goyang, Korea (W.-S.R., S.-H.W., S.-W.J., J.-Y.N., D.-E.K.); Department of Radiology, University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston (D.S.); Department of Biostatistics and Medical Informatics, University of Wisconsin-Madison (M.K.C.); WeBace Co, Ltd, Busan, Korea (K.-J.P.); Department of Neurology, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea (C.K.K.); Department of Neurology, Chuncheon Sacred Heart Hospital, Chuncheon, Korea (M.U.J.); Department of Neurology, Ilsan Paik Hospital, Goyang, Korea (K.-S.H., Y.-J.C.); Department of Neurology, Chonnam National University Hospital, Gwangju, Korea (K.-H.C., J.-T.K.); Department of Neurology, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Korea (B.J.K., M.-K.H., H.-J.B.); Department of Neurology, Yeungnam University Hospital, Daegu, Korea (J.L.); Department of Neurology, Dong-A University Hospital, Busan, Korea (J.-K.C., D.-H.K.); Department of Neurology, Eulji University Hospital, Daejeon, Korea (S.J.L., Y.K.); Department of Neurology, Hallym University Sacred Heart Hospital, Anyang, Korea (B.-C.L., K.-H.Y., M.-S.O.); Department of Neurology, Eulji General Hospital, Seoul, Korea (J.-M.P., K.K.); Department of Neurology, Soonchunhyang University Hospital, Seoul, Korea (K.B.L.); Department of Neurology, Seoul Medical Center, Seoul, Korea (T.H.P.); Department of Biostatistics, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea (J.L.); Department of Computer Science, Inje University, Busan, Korea (H.-K.C.); and Departments of Neurology and Neurosurgery, The University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston (K.L.)
| | - Moo K Chung
- From the Stroke Center and Korean Brain MRI Data Center, Dongguk University Ilsan Hospital, Goyang, Korea (W.-S.R., S.-H.W., S.-W.J., J.-Y.N., D.-E.K.); Department of Radiology, University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston (D.S.); Department of Biostatistics and Medical Informatics, University of Wisconsin-Madison (M.K.C.); WeBace Co, Ltd, Busan, Korea (K.-J.P.); Department of Neurology, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea (C.K.K.); Department of Neurology, Chuncheon Sacred Heart Hospital, Chuncheon, Korea (M.U.J.); Department of Neurology, Ilsan Paik Hospital, Goyang, Korea (K.-S.H., Y.-J.C.); Department of Neurology, Chonnam National University Hospital, Gwangju, Korea (K.-H.C., J.-T.K.); Department of Neurology, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Korea (B.J.K., M.-K.H., H.-J.B.); Department of Neurology, Yeungnam University Hospital, Daegu, Korea (J.L.); Department of Neurology, Dong-A University Hospital, Busan, Korea (J.-K.C., D.-H.K.); Department of Neurology, Eulji University Hospital, Daejeon, Korea (S.J.L., Y.K.); Department of Neurology, Hallym University Sacred Heart Hospital, Anyang, Korea (B.-C.L., K.-H.Y., M.-S.O.); Department of Neurology, Eulji General Hospital, Seoul, Korea (J.-M.P., K.K.); Department of Neurology, Soonchunhyang University Hospital, Seoul, Korea (K.B.L.); Department of Neurology, Seoul Medical Center, Seoul, Korea (T.H.P.); Department of Biostatistics, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea (J.L.); Department of Computer Science, Inje University, Busan, Korea (H.-K.C.); and Departments of Neurology and Neurosurgery, The University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston (K.L.)
| | - Chi Kyung Kim
- From the Stroke Center and Korean Brain MRI Data Center, Dongguk University Ilsan Hospital, Goyang, Korea (W.-S.R., S.-H.W., S.-W.J., J.-Y.N., D.-E.K.); Department of Radiology, University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston (D.S.); Department of Biostatistics and Medical Informatics, University of Wisconsin-Madison (M.K.C.); WeBace Co, Ltd, Busan, Korea (K.-J.P.); Department of Neurology, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea (C.K.K.); Department of Neurology, Chuncheon Sacred Heart Hospital, Chuncheon, Korea (M.U.J.); Department of Neurology, Ilsan Paik Hospital, Goyang, Korea (K.-S.H., Y.-J.C.); Department of Neurology, Chonnam National University Hospital, Gwangju, Korea (K.-H.C., J.-T.K.); Department of Neurology, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Korea (B.J.K., M.-K.H., H.-J.B.); Department of Neurology, Yeungnam University Hospital, Daegu, Korea (J.L.); Department of Neurology, Dong-A University Hospital, Busan, Korea (J.-K.C., D.-H.K.); Department of Neurology, Eulji University Hospital, Daejeon, Korea (S.J.L., Y.K.); Department of Neurology, Hallym University Sacred Heart Hospital, Anyang, Korea (B.-C.L., K.-H.Y., M.-S.O.); Department of Neurology, Eulji General Hospital, Seoul, Korea (J.-M.P., K.K.); Department of Neurology, Soonchunhyang University Hospital, Seoul, Korea (K.B.L.); Department of Neurology, Seoul Medical Center, Seoul, Korea (T.H.P.); Department of Biostatistics, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea (J.L.); Department of Computer Science, Inje University, Busan, Korea (H.-K.C.); and Departments of Neurology and Neurosurgery, The University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston (K.L.)
| | - Min Uk Jang
- From the Stroke Center and Korean Brain MRI Data Center, Dongguk University Ilsan Hospital, Goyang, Korea (W.-S.R., S.-H.W., S.-W.J., J.-Y.N., D.-E.K.); Department of Radiology, University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston (D.S.); Department of Biostatistics and Medical Informatics, University of Wisconsin-Madison (M.K.C.); WeBace Co, Ltd, Busan, Korea (K.-J.P.); Department of Neurology, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea (C.K.K.); Department of Neurology, Chuncheon Sacred Heart Hospital, Chuncheon, Korea (M.U.J.); Department of Neurology, Ilsan Paik Hospital, Goyang, Korea (K.-S.H., Y.-J.C.); Department of Neurology, Chonnam National University Hospital, Gwangju, Korea (K.-H.C., J.-T.K.); Department of Neurology, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Korea (B.J.K., M.-K.H., H.-J.B.); Department of Neurology, Yeungnam University Hospital, Daegu, Korea (J.L.); Department of Neurology, Dong-A University Hospital, Busan, Korea (J.-K.C., D.-H.K.); Department of Neurology, Eulji University Hospital, Daejeon, Korea (S.J.L., Y.K.); Department of Neurology, Hallym University Sacred Heart Hospital, Anyang, Korea (B.-C.L., K.-H.Y., M.-S.O.); Department of Neurology, Eulji General Hospital, Seoul, Korea (J.-M.P., K.K.); Department of Neurology, Soonchunhyang University Hospital, Seoul, Korea (K.B.L.); Department of Neurology, Seoul Medical Center, Seoul, Korea (T.H.P.); Department of Biostatistics, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea (J.L.); Department of Computer Science, Inje University, Busan, Korea (H.-K.C.); and Departments of Neurology and Neurosurgery, The University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston (K.L.)
| | - Kyoung-Jong Park
- From the Stroke Center and Korean Brain MRI Data Center, Dongguk University Ilsan Hospital, Goyang, Korea (W.-S.R., S.-H.W., S.-W.J., J.-Y.N., D.-E.K.); Department of Radiology, University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston (D.S.); Department of Biostatistics and Medical Informatics, University of Wisconsin-Madison (M.K.C.); WeBace Co, Ltd, Busan, Korea (K.-J.P.); Department of Neurology, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea (C.K.K.); Department of Neurology, Chuncheon Sacred Heart Hospital, Chuncheon, Korea (M.U.J.); Department of Neurology, Ilsan Paik Hospital, Goyang, Korea (K.-S.H., Y.-J.C.); Department of Neurology, Chonnam National University Hospital, Gwangju, Korea (K.-H.C., J.-T.K.); Department of Neurology, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Korea (B.J.K., M.-K.H., H.-J.B.); Department of Neurology, Yeungnam University Hospital, Daegu, Korea (J.L.); Department of Neurology, Dong-A University Hospital, Busan, Korea (J.-K.C., D.-H.K.); Department of Neurology, Eulji University Hospital, Daejeon, Korea (S.J.L., Y.K.); Department of Neurology, Hallym University Sacred Heart Hospital, Anyang, Korea (B.-C.L., K.-H.Y., M.-S.O.); Department of Neurology, Eulji General Hospital, Seoul, Korea (J.-M.P., K.K.); Department of Neurology, Soonchunhyang University Hospital, Seoul, Korea (K.B.L.); Department of Neurology, Seoul Medical Center, Seoul, Korea (T.H.P.); Department of Biostatistics, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea (J.L.); Department of Computer Science, Inje University, Busan, Korea (H.-K.C.); and Departments of Neurology and Neurosurgery, The University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston (K.L.)
| | - Keun-Sik Hong
- From the Stroke Center and Korean Brain MRI Data Center, Dongguk University Ilsan Hospital, Goyang, Korea (W.-S.R., S.-H.W., S.-W.J., J.-Y.N., D.-E.K.); Department of Radiology, University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston (D.S.); Department of Biostatistics and Medical Informatics, University of Wisconsin-Madison (M.K.C.); WeBace Co, Ltd, Busan, Korea (K.-J.P.); Department of Neurology, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea (C.K.K.); Department of Neurology, Chuncheon Sacred Heart Hospital, Chuncheon, Korea (M.U.J.); Department of Neurology, Ilsan Paik Hospital, Goyang, Korea (K.-S.H., Y.-J.C.); Department of Neurology, Chonnam National University Hospital, Gwangju, Korea (K.-H.C., J.-T.K.); Department of Neurology, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Korea (B.J.K., M.-K.H., H.-J.B.); Department of Neurology, Yeungnam University Hospital, Daegu, Korea (J.L.); Department of Neurology, Dong-A University Hospital, Busan, Korea (J.-K.C., D.-H.K.); Department of Neurology, Eulji University Hospital, Daejeon, Korea (S.J.L., Y.K.); Department of Neurology, Hallym University Sacred Heart Hospital, Anyang, Korea (B.-C.L., K.-H.Y., M.-S.O.); Department of Neurology, Eulji General Hospital, Seoul, Korea (J.-M.P., K.K.); Department of Neurology, Soonchunhyang University Hospital, Seoul, Korea (K.B.L.); Department of Neurology, Seoul Medical Center, Seoul, Korea (T.H.P.); Department of Biostatistics, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea (J.L.); Department of Computer Science, Inje University, Busan, Korea (H.-K.C.); and Departments of Neurology and Neurosurgery, The University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston (K.L.)
| | - Sang-Wuk Jeong
- From the Stroke Center and Korean Brain MRI Data Center, Dongguk University Ilsan Hospital, Goyang, Korea (W.-S.R., S.-H.W., S.-W.J., J.-Y.N., D.-E.K.); Department of Radiology, University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston (D.S.); Department of Biostatistics and Medical Informatics, University of Wisconsin-Madison (M.K.C.); WeBace Co, Ltd, Busan, Korea (K.-J.P.); Department of Neurology, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea (C.K.K.); Department of Neurology, Chuncheon Sacred Heart Hospital, Chuncheon, Korea (M.U.J.); Department of Neurology, Ilsan Paik Hospital, Goyang, Korea (K.-S.H., Y.-J.C.); Department of Neurology, Chonnam National University Hospital, Gwangju, Korea (K.-H.C., J.-T.K.); Department of Neurology, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Korea (B.J.K., M.-K.H., H.-J.B.); Department of Neurology, Yeungnam University Hospital, Daegu, Korea (J.L.); Department of Neurology, Dong-A University Hospital, Busan, Korea (J.-K.C., D.-H.K.); Department of Neurology, Eulji University Hospital, Daejeon, Korea (S.J.L., Y.K.); Department of Neurology, Hallym University Sacred Heart Hospital, Anyang, Korea (B.-C.L., K.-H.Y., M.-S.O.); Department of Neurology, Eulji General Hospital, Seoul, Korea (J.-M.P., K.K.); Department of Neurology, Soonchunhyang University Hospital, Seoul, Korea (K.B.L.); Department of Neurology, Seoul Medical Center, Seoul, Korea (T.H.P.); Department of Biostatistics, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea (J.L.); Department of Computer Science, Inje University, Busan, Korea (H.-K.C.); and Departments of Neurology and Neurosurgery, The University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston (K.L.)
| | - Jeong-Yong Na
- From the Stroke Center and Korean Brain MRI Data Center, Dongguk University Ilsan Hospital, Goyang, Korea (W.-S.R., S.-H.W., S.-W.J., J.-Y.N., D.-E.K.); Department of Radiology, University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston (D.S.); Department of Biostatistics and Medical Informatics, University of Wisconsin-Madison (M.K.C.); WeBace Co, Ltd, Busan, Korea (K.-J.P.); Department of Neurology, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea (C.K.K.); Department of Neurology, Chuncheon Sacred Heart Hospital, Chuncheon, Korea (M.U.J.); Department of Neurology, Ilsan Paik Hospital, Goyang, Korea (K.-S.H., Y.-J.C.); Department of Neurology, Chonnam National University Hospital, Gwangju, Korea (K.-H.C., J.-T.K.); Department of Neurology, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Korea (B.J.K., M.-K.H., H.-J.B.); Department of Neurology, Yeungnam University Hospital, Daegu, Korea (J.L.); Department of Neurology, Dong-A University Hospital, Busan, Korea (J.-K.C., D.-H.K.); Department of Neurology, Eulji University Hospital, Daejeon, Korea (S.J.L., Y.K.); Department of Neurology, Hallym University Sacred Heart Hospital, Anyang, Korea (B.-C.L., K.-H.Y., M.-S.O.); Department of Neurology, Eulji General Hospital, Seoul, Korea (J.-M.P., K.K.); Department of Neurology, Soonchunhyang University Hospital, Seoul, Korea (K.B.L.); Department of Neurology, Seoul Medical Center, Seoul, Korea (T.H.P.); Department of Biostatistics, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea (J.L.); Department of Computer Science, Inje University, Busan, Korea (H.-K.C.); and Departments of Neurology and Neurosurgery, The University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston (K.L.)
| | - Ki-Hyun Cho
- From the Stroke Center and Korean Brain MRI Data Center, Dongguk University Ilsan Hospital, Goyang, Korea (W.-S.R., S.-H.W., S.-W.J., J.-Y.N., D.-E.K.); Department of Radiology, University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston (D.S.); Department of Biostatistics and Medical Informatics, University of Wisconsin-Madison (M.K.C.); WeBace Co, Ltd, Busan, Korea (K.-J.P.); Department of Neurology, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea (C.K.K.); Department of Neurology, Chuncheon Sacred Heart Hospital, Chuncheon, Korea (M.U.J.); Department of Neurology, Ilsan Paik Hospital, Goyang, Korea (K.-S.H., Y.-J.C.); Department of Neurology, Chonnam National University Hospital, Gwangju, Korea (K.-H.C., J.-T.K.); Department of Neurology, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Korea (B.J.K., M.-K.H., H.-J.B.); Department of Neurology, Yeungnam University Hospital, Daegu, Korea (J.L.); Department of Neurology, Dong-A University Hospital, Busan, Korea (J.-K.C., D.-H.K.); Department of Neurology, Eulji University Hospital, Daejeon, Korea (S.J.L., Y.K.); Department of Neurology, Hallym University Sacred Heart Hospital, Anyang, Korea (B.-C.L., K.-H.Y., M.-S.O.); Department of Neurology, Eulji General Hospital, Seoul, Korea (J.-M.P., K.K.); Department of Neurology, Soonchunhyang University Hospital, Seoul, Korea (K.B.L.); Department of Neurology, Seoul Medical Center, Seoul, Korea (T.H.P.); Department of Biostatistics, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea (J.L.); Department of Computer Science, Inje University, Busan, Korea (H.-K.C.); and Departments of Neurology and Neurosurgery, The University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston (K.L.)
| | - Joon-Tae Kim
- From the Stroke Center and Korean Brain MRI Data Center, Dongguk University Ilsan Hospital, Goyang, Korea (W.-S.R., S.-H.W., S.-W.J., J.-Y.N., D.-E.K.); Department of Radiology, University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston (D.S.); Department of Biostatistics and Medical Informatics, University of Wisconsin-Madison (M.K.C.); WeBace Co, Ltd, Busan, Korea (K.-J.P.); Department of Neurology, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea (C.K.K.); Department of Neurology, Chuncheon Sacred Heart Hospital, Chuncheon, Korea (M.U.J.); Department of Neurology, Ilsan Paik Hospital, Goyang, Korea (K.-S.H., Y.-J.C.); Department of Neurology, Chonnam National University Hospital, Gwangju, Korea (K.-H.C., J.-T.K.); Department of Neurology, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Korea (B.J.K., M.-K.H., H.-J.B.); Department of Neurology, Yeungnam University Hospital, Daegu, Korea (J.L.); Department of Neurology, Dong-A University Hospital, Busan, Korea (J.-K.C., D.-H.K.); Department of Neurology, Eulji University Hospital, Daejeon, Korea (S.J.L., Y.K.); Department of Neurology, Hallym University Sacred Heart Hospital, Anyang, Korea (B.-C.L., K.-H.Y., M.-S.O.); Department of Neurology, Eulji General Hospital, Seoul, Korea (J.-M.P., K.K.); Department of Neurology, Soonchunhyang University Hospital, Seoul, Korea (K.B.L.); Department of Neurology, Seoul Medical Center, Seoul, Korea (T.H.P.); Department of Biostatistics, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea (J.L.); Department of Computer Science, Inje University, Busan, Korea (H.-K.C.); and Departments of Neurology and Neurosurgery, The University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston (K.L.)
| | - Beom Joon Kim
- From the Stroke Center and Korean Brain MRI Data Center, Dongguk University Ilsan Hospital, Goyang, Korea (W.-S.R., S.-H.W., S.-W.J., J.-Y.N., D.-E.K.); Department of Radiology, University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston (D.S.); Department of Biostatistics and Medical Informatics, University of Wisconsin-Madison (M.K.C.); WeBace Co, Ltd, Busan, Korea (K.-J.P.); Department of Neurology, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea (C.K.K.); Department of Neurology, Chuncheon Sacred Heart Hospital, Chuncheon, Korea (M.U.J.); Department of Neurology, Ilsan Paik Hospital, Goyang, Korea (K.-S.H., Y.-J.C.); Department of Neurology, Chonnam National University Hospital, Gwangju, Korea (K.-H.C., J.-T.K.); Department of Neurology, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Korea (B.J.K., M.-K.H., H.-J.B.); Department of Neurology, Yeungnam University Hospital, Daegu, Korea (J.L.); Department of Neurology, Dong-A University Hospital, Busan, Korea (J.-K.C., D.-H.K.); Department of Neurology, Eulji University Hospital, Daejeon, Korea (S.J.L., Y.K.); Department of Neurology, Hallym University Sacred Heart Hospital, Anyang, Korea (B.-C.L., K.-H.Y., M.-S.O.); Department of Neurology, Eulji General Hospital, Seoul, Korea (J.-M.P., K.K.); Department of Neurology, Soonchunhyang University Hospital, Seoul, Korea (K.B.L.); Department of Neurology, Seoul Medical Center, Seoul, Korea (T.H.P.); Department of Biostatistics, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea (J.L.); Department of Computer Science, Inje University, Busan, Korea (H.-K.C.); and Departments of Neurology and Neurosurgery, The University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston (K.L.)
| | - Moon-Ku Han
- From the Stroke Center and Korean Brain MRI Data Center, Dongguk University Ilsan Hospital, Goyang, Korea (W.-S.R., S.-H.W., S.-W.J., J.-Y.N., D.-E.K.); Department of Radiology, University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston (D.S.); Department of Biostatistics and Medical Informatics, University of Wisconsin-Madison (M.K.C.); WeBace Co, Ltd, Busan, Korea (K.-J.P.); Department of Neurology, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea (C.K.K.); Department of Neurology, Chuncheon Sacred Heart Hospital, Chuncheon, Korea (M.U.J.); Department of Neurology, Ilsan Paik Hospital, Goyang, Korea (K.-S.H., Y.-J.C.); Department of Neurology, Chonnam National University Hospital, Gwangju, Korea (K.-H.C., J.-T.K.); Department of Neurology, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Korea (B.J.K., M.-K.H., H.-J.B.); Department of Neurology, Yeungnam University Hospital, Daegu, Korea (J.L.); Department of Neurology, Dong-A University Hospital, Busan, Korea (J.-K.C., D.-H.K.); Department of Neurology, Eulji University Hospital, Daejeon, Korea (S.J.L., Y.K.); Department of Neurology, Hallym University Sacred Heart Hospital, Anyang, Korea (B.-C.L., K.-H.Y., M.-S.O.); Department of Neurology, Eulji General Hospital, Seoul, Korea (J.-M.P., K.K.); Department of Neurology, Soonchunhyang University Hospital, Seoul, Korea (K.B.L.); Department of Neurology, Seoul Medical Center, Seoul, Korea (T.H.P.); Department of Biostatistics, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea (J.L.); Department of Computer Science, Inje University, Busan, Korea (H.-K.C.); and Departments of Neurology and Neurosurgery, The University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston (K.L.)
| | - Jun Lee
- From the Stroke Center and Korean Brain MRI Data Center, Dongguk University Ilsan Hospital, Goyang, Korea (W.-S.R., S.-H.W., S.-W.J., J.-Y.N., D.-E.K.); Department of Radiology, University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston (D.S.); Department of Biostatistics and Medical Informatics, University of Wisconsin-Madison (M.K.C.); WeBace Co, Ltd, Busan, Korea (K.-J.P.); Department of Neurology, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea (C.K.K.); Department of Neurology, Chuncheon Sacred Heart Hospital, Chuncheon, Korea (M.U.J.); Department of Neurology, Ilsan Paik Hospital, Goyang, Korea (K.-S.H., Y.-J.C.); Department of Neurology, Chonnam National University Hospital, Gwangju, Korea (K.-H.C., J.-T.K.); Department of Neurology, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Korea (B.J.K., M.-K.H., H.-J.B.); Department of Neurology, Yeungnam University Hospital, Daegu, Korea (J.L.); Department of Neurology, Dong-A University Hospital, Busan, Korea (J.-K.C., D.-H.K.); Department of Neurology, Eulji University Hospital, Daejeon, Korea (S.J.L., Y.K.); Department of Neurology, Hallym University Sacred Heart Hospital, Anyang, Korea (B.-C.L., K.-H.Y., M.-S.O.); Department of Neurology, Eulji General Hospital, Seoul, Korea (J.-M.P., K.K.); Department of Neurology, Soonchunhyang University Hospital, Seoul, Korea (K.B.L.); Department of Neurology, Seoul Medical Center, Seoul, Korea (T.H.P.); Department of Biostatistics, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea (J.L.); Department of Computer Science, Inje University, Busan, Korea (H.-K.C.); and Departments of Neurology and Neurosurgery, The University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston (K.L.)
| | - Jae-Kwan Cha
- From the Stroke Center and Korean Brain MRI Data Center, Dongguk University Ilsan Hospital, Goyang, Korea (W.-S.R., S.-H.W., S.-W.J., J.-Y.N., D.-E.K.); Department of Radiology, University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston (D.S.); Department of Biostatistics and Medical Informatics, University of Wisconsin-Madison (M.K.C.); WeBace Co, Ltd, Busan, Korea (K.-J.P.); Department of Neurology, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea (C.K.K.); Department of Neurology, Chuncheon Sacred Heart Hospital, Chuncheon, Korea (M.U.J.); Department of Neurology, Ilsan Paik Hospital, Goyang, Korea (K.-S.H., Y.-J.C.); Department of Neurology, Chonnam National University Hospital, Gwangju, Korea (K.-H.C., J.-T.K.); Department of Neurology, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Korea (B.J.K., M.-K.H., H.-J.B.); Department of Neurology, Yeungnam University Hospital, Daegu, Korea (J.L.); Department of Neurology, Dong-A University Hospital, Busan, Korea (J.-K.C., D.-H.K.); Department of Neurology, Eulji University Hospital, Daejeon, Korea (S.J.L., Y.K.); Department of Neurology, Hallym University Sacred Heart Hospital, Anyang, Korea (B.-C.L., K.-H.Y., M.-S.O.); Department of Neurology, Eulji General Hospital, Seoul, Korea (J.-M.P., K.K.); Department of Neurology, Soonchunhyang University Hospital, Seoul, Korea (K.B.L.); Department of Neurology, Seoul Medical Center, Seoul, Korea (T.H.P.); Department of Biostatistics, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea (J.L.); Department of Computer Science, Inje University, Busan, Korea (H.-K.C.); and Departments of Neurology and Neurosurgery, The University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston (K.L.)
| | - Dae-Hyun Kim
- From the Stroke Center and Korean Brain MRI Data Center, Dongguk University Ilsan Hospital, Goyang, Korea (W.-S.R., S.-H.W., S.-W.J., J.-Y.N., D.-E.K.); Department of Radiology, University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston (D.S.); Department of Biostatistics and Medical Informatics, University of Wisconsin-Madison (M.K.C.); WeBace Co, Ltd, Busan, Korea (K.-J.P.); Department of Neurology, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea (C.K.K.); Department of Neurology, Chuncheon Sacred Heart Hospital, Chuncheon, Korea (M.U.J.); Department of Neurology, Ilsan Paik Hospital, Goyang, Korea (K.-S.H., Y.-J.C.); Department of Neurology, Chonnam National University Hospital, Gwangju, Korea (K.-H.C., J.-T.K.); Department of Neurology, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Korea (B.J.K., M.-K.H., H.-J.B.); Department of Neurology, Yeungnam University Hospital, Daegu, Korea (J.L.); Department of Neurology, Dong-A University Hospital, Busan, Korea (J.-K.C., D.-H.K.); Department of Neurology, Eulji University Hospital, Daejeon, Korea (S.J.L., Y.K.); Department of Neurology, Hallym University Sacred Heart Hospital, Anyang, Korea (B.-C.L., K.-H.Y., M.-S.O.); Department of Neurology, Eulji General Hospital, Seoul, Korea (J.-M.P., K.K.); Department of Neurology, Soonchunhyang University Hospital, Seoul, Korea (K.B.L.); Department of Neurology, Seoul Medical Center, Seoul, Korea (T.H.P.); Department of Biostatistics, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea (J.L.); Department of Computer Science, Inje University, Busan, Korea (H.-K.C.); and Departments of Neurology and Neurosurgery, The University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston (K.L.)
| | - Soo Joo Lee
- From the Stroke Center and Korean Brain MRI Data Center, Dongguk University Ilsan Hospital, Goyang, Korea (W.-S.R., S.-H.W., S.-W.J., J.-Y.N., D.-E.K.); Department of Radiology, University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston (D.S.); Department of Biostatistics and Medical Informatics, University of Wisconsin-Madison (M.K.C.); WeBace Co, Ltd, Busan, Korea (K.-J.P.); Department of Neurology, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea (C.K.K.); Department of Neurology, Chuncheon Sacred Heart Hospital, Chuncheon, Korea (M.U.J.); Department of Neurology, Ilsan Paik Hospital, Goyang, Korea (K.-S.H., Y.-J.C.); Department of Neurology, Chonnam National University Hospital, Gwangju, Korea (K.-H.C., J.-T.K.); Department of Neurology, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Korea (B.J.K., M.-K.H., H.-J.B.); Department of Neurology, Yeungnam University Hospital, Daegu, Korea (J.L.); Department of Neurology, Dong-A University Hospital, Busan, Korea (J.-K.C., D.-H.K.); Department of Neurology, Eulji University Hospital, Daejeon, Korea (S.J.L., Y.K.); Department of Neurology, Hallym University Sacred Heart Hospital, Anyang, Korea (B.-C.L., K.-H.Y., M.-S.O.); Department of Neurology, Eulji General Hospital, Seoul, Korea (J.-M.P., K.K.); Department of Neurology, Soonchunhyang University Hospital, Seoul, Korea (K.B.L.); Department of Neurology, Seoul Medical Center, Seoul, Korea (T.H.P.); Department of Biostatistics, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea (J.L.); Department of Computer Science, Inje University, Busan, Korea (H.-K.C.); and Departments of Neurology and Neurosurgery, The University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston (K.L.)
| | - Youngchai Ko
- From the Stroke Center and Korean Brain MRI Data Center, Dongguk University Ilsan Hospital, Goyang, Korea (W.-S.R., S.-H.W., S.-W.J., J.-Y.N., D.-E.K.); Department of Radiology, University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston (D.S.); Department of Biostatistics and Medical Informatics, University of Wisconsin-Madison (M.K.C.); WeBace Co, Ltd, Busan, Korea (K.-J.P.); Department of Neurology, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea (C.K.K.); Department of Neurology, Chuncheon Sacred Heart Hospital, Chuncheon, Korea (M.U.J.); Department of Neurology, Ilsan Paik Hospital, Goyang, Korea (K.-S.H., Y.-J.C.); Department of Neurology, Chonnam National University Hospital, Gwangju, Korea (K.-H.C., J.-T.K.); Department of Neurology, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Korea (B.J.K., M.-K.H., H.-J.B.); Department of Neurology, Yeungnam University Hospital, Daegu, Korea (J.L.); Department of Neurology, Dong-A University Hospital, Busan, Korea (J.-K.C., D.-H.K.); Department of Neurology, Eulji University Hospital, Daejeon, Korea (S.J.L., Y.K.); Department of Neurology, Hallym University Sacred Heart Hospital, Anyang, Korea (B.-C.L., K.-H.Y., M.-S.O.); Department of Neurology, Eulji General Hospital, Seoul, Korea (J.-M.P., K.K.); Department of Neurology, Soonchunhyang University Hospital, Seoul, Korea (K.B.L.); Department of Neurology, Seoul Medical Center, Seoul, Korea (T.H.P.); Department of Biostatistics, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea (J.L.); Department of Computer Science, Inje University, Busan, Korea (H.-K.C.); and Departments of Neurology and Neurosurgery, The University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston (K.L.)
| | - Yong-Jin Cho
- From the Stroke Center and Korean Brain MRI Data Center, Dongguk University Ilsan Hospital, Goyang, Korea (W.-S.R., S.-H.W., S.-W.J., J.-Y.N., D.-E.K.); Department of Radiology, University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston (D.S.); Department of Biostatistics and Medical Informatics, University of Wisconsin-Madison (M.K.C.); WeBace Co, Ltd, Busan, Korea (K.-J.P.); Department of Neurology, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea (C.K.K.); Department of Neurology, Chuncheon Sacred Heart Hospital, Chuncheon, Korea (M.U.J.); Department of Neurology, Ilsan Paik Hospital, Goyang, Korea (K.-S.H., Y.-J.C.); Department of Neurology, Chonnam National University Hospital, Gwangju, Korea (K.-H.C., J.-T.K.); Department of Neurology, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Korea (B.J.K., M.-K.H., H.-J.B.); Department of Neurology, Yeungnam University Hospital, Daegu, Korea (J.L.); Department of Neurology, Dong-A University Hospital, Busan, Korea (J.-K.C., D.-H.K.); Department of Neurology, Eulji University Hospital, Daejeon, Korea (S.J.L., Y.K.); Department of Neurology, Hallym University Sacred Heart Hospital, Anyang, Korea (B.-C.L., K.-H.Y., M.-S.O.); Department of Neurology, Eulji General Hospital, Seoul, Korea (J.-M.P., K.K.); Department of Neurology, Soonchunhyang University Hospital, Seoul, Korea (K.B.L.); Department of Neurology, Seoul Medical Center, Seoul, Korea (T.H.P.); Department of Biostatistics, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea (J.L.); Department of Computer Science, Inje University, Busan, Korea (H.-K.C.); and Departments of Neurology and Neurosurgery, The University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston (K.L.)
| | - Byung-Chul Lee
- From the Stroke Center and Korean Brain MRI Data Center, Dongguk University Ilsan Hospital, Goyang, Korea (W.-S.R., S.-H.W., S.-W.J., J.-Y.N., D.-E.K.); Department of Radiology, University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston (D.S.); Department of Biostatistics and Medical Informatics, University of Wisconsin-Madison (M.K.C.); WeBace Co, Ltd, Busan, Korea (K.-J.P.); Department of Neurology, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea (C.K.K.); Department of Neurology, Chuncheon Sacred Heart Hospital, Chuncheon, Korea (M.U.J.); Department of Neurology, Ilsan Paik Hospital, Goyang, Korea (K.-S.H., Y.-J.C.); Department of Neurology, Chonnam National University Hospital, Gwangju, Korea (K.-H.C., J.-T.K.); Department of Neurology, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Korea (B.J.K., M.-K.H., H.-J.B.); Department of Neurology, Yeungnam University Hospital, Daegu, Korea (J.L.); Department of Neurology, Dong-A University Hospital, Busan, Korea (J.-K.C., D.-H.K.); Department of Neurology, Eulji University Hospital, Daejeon, Korea (S.J.L., Y.K.); Department of Neurology, Hallym University Sacred Heart Hospital, Anyang, Korea (B.-C.L., K.-H.Y., M.-S.O.); Department of Neurology, Eulji General Hospital, Seoul, Korea (J.-M.P., K.K.); Department of Neurology, Soonchunhyang University Hospital, Seoul, Korea (K.B.L.); Department of Neurology, Seoul Medical Center, Seoul, Korea (T.H.P.); Department of Biostatistics, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea (J.L.); Department of Computer Science, Inje University, Busan, Korea (H.-K.C.); and Departments of Neurology and Neurosurgery, The University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston (K.L.)
| | - Kyung-Ho Yu
- From the Stroke Center and Korean Brain MRI Data Center, Dongguk University Ilsan Hospital, Goyang, Korea (W.-S.R., S.-H.W., S.-W.J., J.-Y.N., D.-E.K.); Department of Radiology, University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston (D.S.); Department of Biostatistics and Medical Informatics, University of Wisconsin-Madison (M.K.C.); WeBace Co, Ltd, Busan, Korea (K.-J.P.); Department of Neurology, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea (C.K.K.); Department of Neurology, Chuncheon Sacred Heart Hospital, Chuncheon, Korea (M.U.J.); Department of Neurology, Ilsan Paik Hospital, Goyang, Korea (K.-S.H., Y.-J.C.); Department of Neurology, Chonnam National University Hospital, Gwangju, Korea (K.-H.C., J.-T.K.); Department of Neurology, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Korea (B.J.K., M.-K.H., H.-J.B.); Department of Neurology, Yeungnam University Hospital, Daegu, Korea (J.L.); Department of Neurology, Dong-A University Hospital, Busan, Korea (J.-K.C., D.-H.K.); Department of Neurology, Eulji University Hospital, Daejeon, Korea (S.J.L., Y.K.); Department of Neurology, Hallym University Sacred Heart Hospital, Anyang, Korea (B.-C.L., K.-H.Y., M.-S.O.); Department of Neurology, Eulji General Hospital, Seoul, Korea (J.-M.P., K.K.); Department of Neurology, Soonchunhyang University Hospital, Seoul, Korea (K.B.L.); Department of Neurology, Seoul Medical Center, Seoul, Korea (T.H.P.); Department of Biostatistics, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea (J.L.); Department of Computer Science, Inje University, Busan, Korea (H.-K.C.); and Departments of Neurology and Neurosurgery, The University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston (K.L.)
| | - Mi-Sun Oh
- From the Stroke Center and Korean Brain MRI Data Center, Dongguk University Ilsan Hospital, Goyang, Korea (W.-S.R., S.-H.W., S.-W.J., J.-Y.N., D.-E.K.); Department of Radiology, University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston (D.S.); Department of Biostatistics and Medical Informatics, University of Wisconsin-Madison (M.K.C.); WeBace Co, Ltd, Busan, Korea (K.-J.P.); Department of Neurology, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea (C.K.K.); Department of Neurology, Chuncheon Sacred Heart Hospital, Chuncheon, Korea (M.U.J.); Department of Neurology, Ilsan Paik Hospital, Goyang, Korea (K.-S.H., Y.-J.C.); Department of Neurology, Chonnam National University Hospital, Gwangju, Korea (K.-H.C., J.-T.K.); Department of Neurology, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Korea (B.J.K., M.-K.H., H.-J.B.); Department of Neurology, Yeungnam University Hospital, Daegu, Korea (J.L.); Department of Neurology, Dong-A University Hospital, Busan, Korea (J.-K.C., D.-H.K.); Department of Neurology, Eulji University Hospital, Daejeon, Korea (S.J.L., Y.K.); Department of Neurology, Hallym University Sacred Heart Hospital, Anyang, Korea (B.-C.L., K.-H.Y., M.-S.O.); Department of Neurology, Eulji General Hospital, Seoul, Korea (J.-M.P., K.K.); Department of Neurology, Soonchunhyang University Hospital, Seoul, Korea (K.B.L.); Department of Neurology, Seoul Medical Center, Seoul, Korea (T.H.P.); Department of Biostatistics, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea (J.L.); Department of Computer Science, Inje University, Busan, Korea (H.-K.C.); and Departments of Neurology and Neurosurgery, The University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston (K.L.)
| | - Jong-Moo Park
- From the Stroke Center and Korean Brain MRI Data Center, Dongguk University Ilsan Hospital, Goyang, Korea (W.-S.R., S.-H.W., S.-W.J., J.-Y.N., D.-E.K.); Department of Radiology, University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston (D.S.); Department of Biostatistics and Medical Informatics, University of Wisconsin-Madison (M.K.C.); WeBace Co, Ltd, Busan, Korea (K.-J.P.); Department of Neurology, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea (C.K.K.); Department of Neurology, Chuncheon Sacred Heart Hospital, Chuncheon, Korea (M.U.J.); Department of Neurology, Ilsan Paik Hospital, Goyang, Korea (K.-S.H., Y.-J.C.); Department of Neurology, Chonnam National University Hospital, Gwangju, Korea (K.-H.C., J.-T.K.); Department of Neurology, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Korea (B.J.K., M.-K.H., H.-J.B.); Department of Neurology, Yeungnam University Hospital, Daegu, Korea (J.L.); Department of Neurology, Dong-A University Hospital, Busan, Korea (J.-K.C., D.-H.K.); Department of Neurology, Eulji University Hospital, Daejeon, Korea (S.J.L., Y.K.); Department of Neurology, Hallym University Sacred Heart Hospital, Anyang, Korea (B.-C.L., K.-H.Y., M.-S.O.); Department of Neurology, Eulji General Hospital, Seoul, Korea (J.-M.P., K.K.); Department of Neurology, Soonchunhyang University Hospital, Seoul, Korea (K.B.L.); Department of Neurology, Seoul Medical Center, Seoul, Korea (T.H.P.); Department of Biostatistics, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea (J.L.); Department of Computer Science, Inje University, Busan, Korea (H.-K.C.); and Departments of Neurology and Neurosurgery, The University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston (K.L.)
| | - Kyusik Kang
- From the Stroke Center and Korean Brain MRI Data Center, Dongguk University Ilsan Hospital, Goyang, Korea (W.-S.R., S.-H.W., S.-W.J., J.-Y.N., D.-E.K.); Department of Radiology, University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston (D.S.); Department of Biostatistics and Medical Informatics, University of Wisconsin-Madison (M.K.C.); WeBace Co, Ltd, Busan, Korea (K.-J.P.); Department of Neurology, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea (C.K.K.); Department of Neurology, Chuncheon Sacred Heart Hospital, Chuncheon, Korea (M.U.J.); Department of Neurology, Ilsan Paik Hospital, Goyang, Korea (K.-S.H., Y.-J.C.); Department of Neurology, Chonnam National University Hospital, Gwangju, Korea (K.-H.C., J.-T.K.); Department of Neurology, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Korea (B.J.K., M.-K.H., H.-J.B.); Department of Neurology, Yeungnam University Hospital, Daegu, Korea (J.L.); Department of Neurology, Dong-A University Hospital, Busan, Korea (J.-K.C., D.-H.K.); Department of Neurology, Eulji University Hospital, Daejeon, Korea (S.J.L., Y.K.); Department of Neurology, Hallym University Sacred Heart Hospital, Anyang, Korea (B.-C.L., K.-H.Y., M.-S.O.); Department of Neurology, Eulji General Hospital, Seoul, Korea (J.-M.P., K.K.); Department of Neurology, Soonchunhyang University Hospital, Seoul, Korea (K.B.L.); Department of Neurology, Seoul Medical Center, Seoul, Korea (T.H.P.); Department of Biostatistics, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea (J.L.); Department of Computer Science, Inje University, Busan, Korea (H.-K.C.); and Departments of Neurology and Neurosurgery, The University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston (K.L.)
| | - Kyung Bok Lee
- From the Stroke Center and Korean Brain MRI Data Center, Dongguk University Ilsan Hospital, Goyang, Korea (W.-S.R., S.-H.W., S.-W.J., J.-Y.N., D.-E.K.); Department of Radiology, University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston (D.S.); Department of Biostatistics and Medical Informatics, University of Wisconsin-Madison (M.K.C.); WeBace Co, Ltd, Busan, Korea (K.-J.P.); Department of Neurology, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea (C.K.K.); Department of Neurology, Chuncheon Sacred Heart Hospital, Chuncheon, Korea (M.U.J.); Department of Neurology, Ilsan Paik Hospital, Goyang, Korea (K.-S.H., Y.-J.C.); Department of Neurology, Chonnam National University Hospital, Gwangju, Korea (K.-H.C., J.-T.K.); Department of Neurology, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Korea (B.J.K., M.-K.H., H.-J.B.); Department of Neurology, Yeungnam University Hospital, Daegu, Korea (J.L.); Department of Neurology, Dong-A University Hospital, Busan, Korea (J.-K.C., D.-H.K.); Department of Neurology, Eulji University Hospital, Daejeon, Korea (S.J.L., Y.K.); Department of Neurology, Hallym University Sacred Heart Hospital, Anyang, Korea (B.-C.L., K.-H.Y., M.-S.O.); Department of Neurology, Eulji General Hospital, Seoul, Korea (J.-M.P., K.K.); Department of Neurology, Soonchunhyang University Hospital, Seoul, Korea (K.B.L.); Department of Neurology, Seoul Medical Center, Seoul, Korea (T.H.P.); Department of Biostatistics, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea (J.L.); Department of Computer Science, Inje University, Busan, Korea (H.-K.C.); and Departments of Neurology and Neurosurgery, The University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston (K.L.)
| | - Tai Hwan Park
- From the Stroke Center and Korean Brain MRI Data Center, Dongguk University Ilsan Hospital, Goyang, Korea (W.-S.R., S.-H.W., S.-W.J., J.-Y.N., D.-E.K.); Department of Radiology, University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston (D.S.); Department of Biostatistics and Medical Informatics, University of Wisconsin-Madison (M.K.C.); WeBace Co, Ltd, Busan, Korea (K.-J.P.); Department of Neurology, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea (C.K.K.); Department of Neurology, Chuncheon Sacred Heart Hospital, Chuncheon, Korea (M.U.J.); Department of Neurology, Ilsan Paik Hospital, Goyang, Korea (K.-S.H., Y.-J.C.); Department of Neurology, Chonnam National University Hospital, Gwangju, Korea (K.-H.C., J.-T.K.); Department of Neurology, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Korea (B.J.K., M.-K.H., H.-J.B.); Department of Neurology, Yeungnam University Hospital, Daegu, Korea (J.L.); Department of Neurology, Dong-A University Hospital, Busan, Korea (J.-K.C., D.-H.K.); Department of Neurology, Eulji University Hospital, Daejeon, Korea (S.J.L., Y.K.); Department of Neurology, Hallym University Sacred Heart Hospital, Anyang, Korea (B.-C.L., K.-H.Y., M.-S.O.); Department of Neurology, Eulji General Hospital, Seoul, Korea (J.-M.P., K.K.); Department of Neurology, Soonchunhyang University Hospital, Seoul, Korea (K.B.L.); Department of Neurology, Seoul Medical Center, Seoul, Korea (T.H.P.); Department of Biostatistics, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea (J.L.); Department of Computer Science, Inje University, Busan, Korea (H.-K.C.); and Departments of Neurology and Neurosurgery, The University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston (K.L.)
| | - Juneyoung Lee
- From the Stroke Center and Korean Brain MRI Data Center, Dongguk University Ilsan Hospital, Goyang, Korea (W.-S.R., S.-H.W., S.-W.J., J.-Y.N., D.-E.K.); Department of Radiology, University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston (D.S.); Department of Biostatistics and Medical Informatics, University of Wisconsin-Madison (M.K.C.); WeBace Co, Ltd, Busan, Korea (K.-J.P.); Department of Neurology, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea (C.K.K.); Department of Neurology, Chuncheon Sacred Heart Hospital, Chuncheon, Korea (M.U.J.); Department of Neurology, Ilsan Paik Hospital, Goyang, Korea (K.-S.H., Y.-J.C.); Department of Neurology, Chonnam National University Hospital, Gwangju, Korea (K.-H.C., J.-T.K.); Department of Neurology, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Korea (B.J.K., M.-K.H., H.-J.B.); Department of Neurology, Yeungnam University Hospital, Daegu, Korea (J.L.); Department of Neurology, Dong-A University Hospital, Busan, Korea (J.-K.C., D.-H.K.); Department of Neurology, Eulji University Hospital, Daejeon, Korea (S.J.L., Y.K.); Department of Neurology, Hallym University Sacred Heart Hospital, Anyang, Korea (B.-C.L., K.-H.Y., M.-S.O.); Department of Neurology, Eulji General Hospital, Seoul, Korea (J.-M.P., K.K.); Department of Neurology, Soonchunhyang University Hospital, Seoul, Korea (K.B.L.); Department of Neurology, Seoul Medical Center, Seoul, Korea (T.H.P.); Department of Biostatistics, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea (J.L.); Department of Computer Science, Inje University, Busan, Korea (H.-K.C.); and Departments of Neurology and Neurosurgery, The University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston (K.L.)
| | - Heung-Kook Choi
- From the Stroke Center and Korean Brain MRI Data Center, Dongguk University Ilsan Hospital, Goyang, Korea (W.-S.R., S.-H.W., S.-W.J., J.-Y.N., D.-E.K.); Department of Radiology, University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston (D.S.); Department of Biostatistics and Medical Informatics, University of Wisconsin-Madison (M.K.C.); WeBace Co, Ltd, Busan, Korea (K.-J.P.); Department of Neurology, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea (C.K.K.); Department of Neurology, Chuncheon Sacred Heart Hospital, Chuncheon, Korea (M.U.J.); Department of Neurology, Ilsan Paik Hospital, Goyang, Korea (K.-S.H., Y.-J.C.); Department of Neurology, Chonnam National University Hospital, Gwangju, Korea (K.-H.C., J.-T.K.); Department of Neurology, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Korea (B.J.K., M.-K.H., H.-J.B.); Department of Neurology, Yeungnam University Hospital, Daegu, Korea (J.L.); Department of Neurology, Dong-A University Hospital, Busan, Korea (J.-K.C., D.-H.K.); Department of Neurology, Eulji University Hospital, Daejeon, Korea (S.J.L., Y.K.); Department of Neurology, Hallym University Sacred Heart Hospital, Anyang, Korea (B.-C.L., K.-H.Y., M.-S.O.); Department of Neurology, Eulji General Hospital, Seoul, Korea (J.-M.P., K.K.); Department of Neurology, Soonchunhyang University Hospital, Seoul, Korea (K.B.L.); Department of Neurology, Seoul Medical Center, Seoul, Korea (T.H.P.); Department of Biostatistics, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea (J.L.); Department of Computer Science, Inje University, Busan, Korea (H.-K.C.); and Departments of Neurology and Neurosurgery, The University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston (K.L.)
| | - Kiwon Lee
- From the Stroke Center and Korean Brain MRI Data Center, Dongguk University Ilsan Hospital, Goyang, Korea (W.-S.R., S.-H.W., S.-W.J., J.-Y.N., D.-E.K.); Department of Radiology, University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston (D.S.); Department of Biostatistics and Medical Informatics, University of Wisconsin-Madison (M.K.C.); WeBace Co, Ltd, Busan, Korea (K.-J.P.); Department of Neurology, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea (C.K.K.); Department of Neurology, Chuncheon Sacred Heart Hospital, Chuncheon, Korea (M.U.J.); Department of Neurology, Ilsan Paik Hospital, Goyang, Korea (K.-S.H., Y.-J.C.); Department of Neurology, Chonnam National University Hospital, Gwangju, Korea (K.-H.C., J.-T.K.); Department of Neurology, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Korea (B.J.K., M.-K.H., H.-J.B.); Department of Neurology, Yeungnam University Hospital, Daegu, Korea (J.L.); Department of Neurology, Dong-A University Hospital, Busan, Korea (J.-K.C., D.-H.K.); Department of Neurology, Eulji University Hospital, Daejeon, Korea (S.J.L., Y.K.); Department of Neurology, Hallym University Sacred Heart Hospital, Anyang, Korea (B.-C.L., K.-H.Y., M.-S.O.); Department of Neurology, Eulji General Hospital, Seoul, Korea (J.-M.P., K.K.); Department of Neurology, Soonchunhyang University Hospital, Seoul, Korea (K.B.L.); Department of Neurology, Seoul Medical Center, Seoul, Korea (T.H.P.); Department of Biostatistics, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea (J.L.); Department of Computer Science, Inje University, Busan, Korea (H.-K.C.); and Departments of Neurology and Neurosurgery, The University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston (K.L.)
| | - Hee-Joon Bae
- From the Stroke Center and Korean Brain MRI Data Center, Dongguk University Ilsan Hospital, Goyang, Korea (W.-S.R., S.-H.W., S.-W.J., J.-Y.N., D.-E.K.); Department of Radiology, University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston (D.S.); Department of Biostatistics and Medical Informatics, University of Wisconsin-Madison (M.K.C.); WeBace Co, Ltd, Busan, Korea (K.-J.P.); Department of Neurology, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea (C.K.K.); Department of Neurology, Chuncheon Sacred Heart Hospital, Chuncheon, Korea (M.U.J.); Department of Neurology, Ilsan Paik Hospital, Goyang, Korea (K.-S.H., Y.-J.C.); Department of Neurology, Chonnam National University Hospital, Gwangju, Korea (K.-H.C., J.-T.K.); Department of Neurology, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Korea (B.J.K., M.-K.H., H.-J.B.); Department of Neurology, Yeungnam University Hospital, Daegu, Korea (J.L.); Department of Neurology, Dong-A University Hospital, Busan, Korea (J.-K.C., D.-H.K.); Department of Neurology, Eulji University Hospital, Daejeon, Korea (S.J.L., Y.K.); Department of Neurology, Hallym University Sacred Heart Hospital, Anyang, Korea (B.-C.L., K.-H.Y., M.-S.O.); Department of Neurology, Eulji General Hospital, Seoul, Korea (J.-M.P., K.K.); Department of Neurology, Soonchunhyang University Hospital, Seoul, Korea (K.B.L.); Department of Neurology, Seoul Medical Center, Seoul, Korea (T.H.P.); Department of Biostatistics, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea (J.L.); Department of Computer Science, Inje University, Busan, Korea (H.-K.C.); and Departments of Neurology and Neurosurgery, The University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston (K.L.).
| | - Dong-Eog Kim
- From the Stroke Center and Korean Brain MRI Data Center, Dongguk University Ilsan Hospital, Goyang, Korea (W.-S.R., S.-H.W., S.-W.J., J.-Y.N., D.-E.K.); Department of Radiology, University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston (D.S.); Department of Biostatistics and Medical Informatics, University of Wisconsin-Madison (M.K.C.); WeBace Co, Ltd, Busan, Korea (K.-J.P.); Department of Neurology, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea (C.K.K.); Department of Neurology, Chuncheon Sacred Heart Hospital, Chuncheon, Korea (M.U.J.); Department of Neurology, Ilsan Paik Hospital, Goyang, Korea (K.-S.H., Y.-J.C.); Department of Neurology, Chonnam National University Hospital, Gwangju, Korea (K.-H.C., J.-T.K.); Department of Neurology, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Korea (B.J.K., M.-K.H., H.-J.B.); Department of Neurology, Yeungnam University Hospital, Daegu, Korea (J.L.); Department of Neurology, Dong-A University Hospital, Busan, Korea (J.-K.C., D.-H.K.); Department of Neurology, Eulji University Hospital, Daejeon, Korea (S.J.L., Y.K.); Department of Neurology, Hallym University Sacred Heart Hospital, Anyang, Korea (B.-C.L., K.-H.Y., M.-S.O.); Department of Neurology, Eulji General Hospital, Seoul, Korea (J.-M.P., K.K.); Department of Neurology, Soonchunhyang University Hospital, Seoul, Korea (K.B.L.); Department of Neurology, Seoul Medical Center, Seoul, Korea (T.H.P.); Department of Biostatistics, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea (J.L.); Department of Computer Science, Inje University, Busan, Korea (H.-K.C.); and Departments of Neurology and Neurosurgery, The University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston (K.L.).
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