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Zhang Z, Li L, Shi H, Chen B, Li X, Zhang Y, Liu F, Wei W, Zhou Y, Liu K, Xia W, Gu X, Huang J, Tu S, Yin C, Shao A, Jiang L. Role of Circular RNAs in Atherosclerosis through Regulation of Inflammation, Cell Proliferation, Migration, and Apoptosis: Focus on Atherosclerotic Cerebrovascular Disease. MEDICINA (KAUNAS, LITHUANIA) 2023; 59:1461. [PMID: 37629751 PMCID: PMC10456328 DOI: 10.3390/medicina59081461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2023] [Revised: 07/29/2023] [Accepted: 08/09/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023]
Abstract
Atherosclerosis (AS) is a disease dangerous to human health and the main pathological cause of ischemic cardiovascular diseases. Although its pathogenesis is not fully understood, numerous basic and clinical studies have shown that AS is a chronic inflammatory disease existing in all stages of atherogenesis. It may be a common link or pathway in the pathogenesis of multiple atherogenic factors. Inflammation is associated with AS complications, such as plaque rupture and ischemic cerebral infarction. In addition to inflammation, apoptosis plays an important role in AS. Apoptosis is a type of programmed cell death, and different apoptotic cells have different or even opposite roles in the process of AS. Unlike linear RNA, circular RNA (circRNA) a covalently closed circular non-coding RNA, is stable and can sponge miRNA, which can affect the stages of AS by regulating downstream pathways. Ultimately, circRNAs play very important roles in AS by regulating inflammation, apoptosis, and some other mechanisms. The study of circular RNAs can provide new ideas for the prediction, prevention, and treatment of AS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zheng Zhang
- The Fourth School of Clinical Medicine, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310053, China; (Z.Z.); (H.S.); (B.C.); (X.L.); (Y.Z.); (X.G.)
| | - Lingfei Li
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hangzhou First People’s Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310003, China; (L.L.); (F.L.); (W.W.); (Y.Z.); (K.L.); (W.X.)
| | - Huanqing Shi
- The Fourth School of Clinical Medicine, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310053, China; (Z.Z.); (H.S.); (B.C.); (X.L.); (Y.Z.); (X.G.)
| | - Biao Chen
- The Fourth School of Clinical Medicine, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310053, China; (Z.Z.); (H.S.); (B.C.); (X.L.); (Y.Z.); (X.G.)
| | - Xiaoqin Li
- The Fourth School of Clinical Medicine, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310053, China; (Z.Z.); (H.S.); (B.C.); (X.L.); (Y.Z.); (X.G.)
| | - Yuyao Zhang
- The Fourth School of Clinical Medicine, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310053, China; (Z.Z.); (H.S.); (B.C.); (X.L.); (Y.Z.); (X.G.)
| | - Fei Liu
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hangzhou First People’s Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310003, China; (L.L.); (F.L.); (W.W.); (Y.Z.); (K.L.); (W.X.)
| | - Wan Wei
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hangzhou First People’s Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310003, China; (L.L.); (F.L.); (W.W.); (Y.Z.); (K.L.); (W.X.)
| | - Yongji Zhou
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hangzhou First People’s Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310003, China; (L.L.); (F.L.); (W.W.); (Y.Z.); (K.L.); (W.X.)
| | - Keqin Liu
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hangzhou First People’s Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310003, China; (L.L.); (F.L.); (W.W.); (Y.Z.); (K.L.); (W.X.)
| | - Wenqing Xia
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hangzhou First People’s Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310003, China; (L.L.); (F.L.); (W.W.); (Y.Z.); (K.L.); (W.X.)
| | - Xin Gu
- The Fourth School of Clinical Medicine, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310053, China; (Z.Z.); (H.S.); (B.C.); (X.L.); (Y.Z.); (X.G.)
| | - Jinyu Huang
- Department of Cardiology, Affiliated Hangzhou First People’s Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310006, China;
| | - Sheng Tu
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310006, China;
| | - Congguo Yin
- The Fourth School of Clinical Medicine, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310053, China; (Z.Z.); (H.S.); (B.C.); (X.L.); (Y.Z.); (X.G.)
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hangzhou First People’s Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310003, China; (L.L.); (F.L.); (W.W.); (Y.Z.); (K.L.); (W.X.)
| | - Anwen Shao
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310009, China
- Key Laboratory of Precise Treatment and Clinical Translational Research of Neurological Disease, Hangzhou 310009, China
| | - Lin Jiang
- The Fourth School of Clinical Medicine, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310053, China; (Z.Z.); (H.S.); (B.C.); (X.L.); (Y.Z.); (X.G.)
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hangzhou First People’s Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310003, China; (L.L.); (F.L.); (W.W.); (Y.Z.); (K.L.); (W.X.)
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Palioura D, Lazou A, Drosatos K. Krüppel-like factor (KLF)5: An emerging foe of cardiovascular health. J Mol Cell Cardiol 2022; 163:56-66. [PMID: 34653523 PMCID: PMC8816822 DOI: 10.1016/j.yjmcc.2021.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2021] [Revised: 09/22/2021] [Accepted: 10/07/2021] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Krüppel-like factors (KLFs) are DNA-binding transcriptional factors, which regulate various pathways that pertain to development, metabolism and other cellular mechanisms. KLF5 was first cloned in 1993 and by 1999, it was reported as the intestinal-enriched KLF. Beyond findings that have associated KLF5 with normal development and cancer, it has been associated with various types of cardiovascular (CV) complications and regulation of metabolic pathways in the liver, heart, adipose tissue and skeletal muscle. Specifically, increased KLF5 expression has been linked with cardiomyopathy in diabetes, end-stage heart failure, and as well as in vascular atherosclerotic lesions. In this review article, we summarize research findings about transcriptional, post-transcriptional and post-translational regulation of KLF5, as well as the role of KLF5 in the biology of cells and organs that affect cardiovascular health either directly or indirectly. Finally, we propose KLF5 inhibition as an emerging approach for cardiovascular therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dimitra Palioura
- Center for Translational Medicine, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, USA;,School of Biology, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, GR, Greece
| | - Antigone Lazou
- School of Biology, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, GR, Greece
| | - Konstantinos Drosatos
- Center for Translational Medicine, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
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Wang WX, Springer JE, Hatton KW. MicroRNAs as Biomarkers for Predicting Complications following Aneurysmal Subarachnoid Hemorrhage. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22179492. [PMID: 34502401 PMCID: PMC8431281 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22179492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2021] [Revised: 08/27/2021] [Accepted: 08/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (aSAH) is a high mortality hemorrhagic stroke that affects nearly 30,000 patients annually in the United States. Approximately 30% of aSAH patients die during initial hospitalization and those who survive often carry poor prognosis with one in five having permanent physical and/or cognitive disabilities. The poor outcome of aSAH can be the result of the initial catastrophic event or due to the many acute or delayed neurological complications, such as cerebral ischemia, hydrocephalus, and re-bleeding. Unfortunately, no effective biomarker exists to predict or diagnose these complications at a clinically relevant time point when neurologic injury can be effectively treated and managed. Recently, a number of studies have demonstrated that microRNAs (miRNAs) in extracellular biofluids are highly associated with aSAH and complications. Here we provide an overview of the current research on relevant human studies examining the correlation between miRNAs and aSAH complications and discuss the potential application of using miRNAs as biomarkers in aSAH management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wang-Xia Wang
- Sanders-Brown Center on Aging, Spinal Cord and Brain Injury Research Center, and the Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536, USA
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-859-218-3886
| | - Joe E. Springer
- Spinal Cord and Brain Injury Research Center, and the Department of Neuroscience, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536, USA;
| | - Kevin W. Hatton
- Department of Anesthesiology Critical Care Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536, USA;
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Muta K, Nakazawa Y, Obata Y, Inoue H, Torigoe K, Nakazawa M, Abe K, Furusu A, Miyazaki M, Yamamoto K, Koji T, Nishino T. An inhibitor of Krüppel-like factor 5 suppresses peritoneal fibrosis in mice. Perit Dial Int 2021; 41:394-403. [PMID: 33522431 DOI: 10.1177/0896860820981322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACK GROUND Krüppel-like transcription factor 5 (KLF5) is a transcription factor regulating cell proliferation, angiogenesis and differentiation. It has been recently reported that Am80, a synthetic retinoic acid receptor α-specific agonist, inhibits the expression of KLF5. In the present study, we have examined the expression of KLF5 in fibrotic peritoneum induced by chlorhexidine gluconate (CG) in mouse and evaluated that Am80, as an inhibitor of KLF5, can reduce peritoneal fibrosis. METHODS Peritoneal fibrosis was induced by intraperitoneal injection of CG into peritoneal cavity of ICR mice. Am80 was administered orally for every day from the start of CG injection. Control mice received only a vehicle (0.5% carboxymethylcellulose solution). After 3 weeks of treatment, peritoneal equilibration test (PET) was performed and peritoneal tissues were examined by immunohistochemistry. RESULTS The expression of KLF5 was less found in the peritoneal tissue of control mice, while KLF5 was expressed in the thickened submesothelial area of CG-injected mice receiving the vehicle. Am80 treatment reduced KLF5 expression and remarkably attenuated peritoneal thickening, accompanied with the reduction of type III collagen expression. The numbers of transforming growth factor β-positive cells, α-smooth muscle actin-positive cells and infiltrating macrophages were significantly decreased in Am80-treated group. PET revealed the increased peritoneal permeability in CG mice, whereas Am80 administration significantly improved the peritoneal high permeability state. CONCLUSIONS These results indicate the involvement of KLF5 in the progression of experimental peritoneal fibrosis and suggest that Am80 may be potentially useful for the prevention of peritoneal fibrosis through inhibition of KLF5 expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kumiko Muta
- Department of Nephrology, 88380Nagasaki University Hospital, Japan
| | - Yuka Nakazawa
- Department of Nephrology, Hokusyo Central Hospital, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Yoko Obata
- Department of Nephrology, 88380Nagasaki University Hospital, Japan.,Medical Education Development Center, 88380Nagasaki University Hospital, Japan
| | - Hiro Inoue
- Department of Nephrology, 88380Nagasaki University Hospital, Japan
| | - Kenta Torigoe
- Department of Nephrology, 88380Nagasaki University Hospital, Japan
| | - Masayuki Nakazawa
- Department of Nephrology, Sasebo City Central Hospital, Nagasaki, Japan
| | | | - Akira Furusu
- Department of Nephrology, Wajinkai Hospital, Nagasaki, Japan
| | | | - Kazuo Yamamoto
- Biomedical Research Support Center, Nagasaki University School of Medicine, Japan
| | - Takehiko Koji
- Department of Histology and Cell Biology, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Japan
| | - Tomoya Nishino
- Department of Nephrology, 88380Nagasaki University Hospital, Japan
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Xie Z, Chen J, Wang C, Zhang J, Wu Y, Yan X. Current knowledge of Krüppel-like factor 5 and vascular remodeling: providing insights for therapeutic strategies. J Mol Cell Biol 2021; 13:79-90. [PMID: 33493334 PMCID: PMC8104942 DOI: 10.1093/jmcb/mjaa080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2020] [Revised: 11/23/2020] [Accepted: 12/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Vascular remodeling is a pathological basis of various disorders. Therefore, it is necessary to understand the occurrence, prevention, and treatment of vascular remodeling. Krüppel-like factor 5 (KLF5) has been identified as a significant factor in cardiovascular diseases during the last two decades. This review provides a mechanism network of function and regulation of KLF5 in vascular remodeling based on newly published data and gives a summary of its potential therapeutic applications. KLF5 modulates numerous biological processes, which play essential parts in the development of vascular remodeling, such as cell proliferation, phenotype switch, extracellular matrix deposition, inflammation, and angiogenesis by altering downstream genes and signaling pathways. Considering its essential functions, KLF5 could be developed as a potent therapeutic target in vascular disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziyan Xie
- Department of Cardiology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College & Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100730, China
| | - Junye Chen
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College & Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100730, China
| | - Chenyu Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College & Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100730, China
| | - Jiahao Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College & Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100730, China
| | - Yanxiang Wu
- Department of Cardiology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College & Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100730, China
| | - Xiaowei Yan
- Department of Cardiology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College & Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100730, China
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Zhou J, Zhang L, Zheng B, Zhang L, Qin Y, Zhang X, Yang Z, Nie Z, Yang G, Yu J, Wen J. Salvia miltiorrhiza bunge exerts anti-oxidative effects through inhibiting KLF10 expression in vascular smooth muscle cells exposed to high glucose. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2020; 262:113208. [PMID: 32738388 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2020.113208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2020] [Revised: 07/20/2020] [Accepted: 07/20/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Traditional Chinese medicinal herb Salvia miltiorrhiza Bunge(Danshen) and its components have been widely used to treat cardiovascular diseases for hundreds of years in China, including hypertension, diabetes, atherosclerosis, and chronic heart failure. Salvia miltiorrhiza injection (SMI), an aqueous extracts of Salvia miltiorrhiza Bunge, is one of most widely used traditional Chinese medicine injections. SMI is widely used in the treatment of diabetic vascular complications, However, the mechanisms remain to be defined. AIM OF THE STUDY To investigate protective mechanism of Salvia miltiorrhiza Bunge against ROS generation in VSMCs of diabetic mice and patients. MATERIALS AND METHODS Salvia miltiorrhiza injection (hereinafter referred to as SMI, 1.5 g mL-1), which was approved by the State Food and Drug Administration (approval number: Z32020161), was obtained from Shenlong Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd. (batch number: 11040314). SMI or vehicle were intraperitoneally administrated to the HFD-fed db/db mice, artery was harvested after 24weeks later. qRT-PCR and Western blot analysis were used to detect the expression of KLF6, KLF5, KLF4, KLF10, KLF12, and HO-1. DCFH-DA staining detected intracellular ROS production. Loss- and gain-of-function experiments of KLF10 were used to investigate the effect of KLF10 on the expression of HO-1. Dual-luciferase reporter assay evaluated the effect of KLF10 on the activity of the HO-1 promoter. RESULTS KLF10 expression and ROS generation are significantly increased in the arteries of HFD-fed db/db mice, VSMCs of diabetic patients, as well as in high glucose-treated VSMCs. KLF10 overexpression suppresses, while its knockdown facilitates the expression of heme oxygenase (HO-1) mRNA and protein. Further, Salvia miltiorrhiza injection (SMI) abrogates KLF10 upregulation and reduces ROS generation induced by high glucose in VSMCs. Mechanistically, KLF10 negatively regulates the HO-1 gene transcription via directly binding to its promoter. Accordingly, SMI treatment of VSMCs reduces ROS generation through inhibiting KLF10 expression and thus relieving KLF10 repression of the expression of HO-1 gene, subsequently contributing to upregulation of HO-1. CONCLUSION SMI exerts anti-oxidative effects on VSMCs exposed to high glucose through inhibiting KLF10 expression and thus upregulating HO-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Zhou
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The Key Laboratory of Neural and Vascular Biology, Ministry of Education of China, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, 050017, China; Department of Endocrinology, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, 050000, China
| | - Long Zhang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The Key Laboratory of Neural and Vascular Biology, Ministry of Education of China, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, 050017, China
| | - Bin Zheng
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The Key Laboratory of Neural and Vascular Biology, Ministry of Education of China, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, 050017, China
| | - LiHui Zhang
- Department of Endocrinology, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, 050000, China
| | - Yan Qin
- Department of Central Laboratory Affiliated Hospital of Hebei University, Key Laboratory for Fractionation Mechanisms and Procedures, Baoding, Hebei, 07100, China
| | - XinHua Zhang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The Key Laboratory of Neural and Vascular Biology, Ministry of Education of China, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, 050017, China
| | - Zhan Yang
- Department of Urology, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, 050000, China
| | - ZiYuan Nie
- Department of Hematology, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Hebei Key Laboratory for Hematology, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, 050000, China
| | - GaoShan Yang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Basic Medicine, Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, 050200, China
| | - Jing Yu
- The Second Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, 050000, China
| | - JinKun Wen
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The Key Laboratory of Neural and Vascular Biology, Ministry of Education of China, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, 050017, China.
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Guida G, Ward AO, Bruno VD, George SJ, Caputo M, Angelini GD, Zakkar M. Saphenous vein graft disease, pathophysiology, prevention, and treatment. A review of the literature. J Card Surg 2020; 35:1314-1321. [PMID: 32353909 DOI: 10.1111/jocs.14542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The saphenous vein remains the most frequently used conduit for coronary artery bypass grafting, despite reported unsatisfactory long-term patency rates. Understanding the pathophysiology of vein graft failure and attempting to improve its longevity has been a significant area of research for more than three decades. This article aims to review the current understanding of the pathophysiology and potential new intervention strategies. METHODS A search of three databases: MEDLINE, Web of Science, and Cochrane Library, was undertaken for the terms "pathophysiology," "prevention," and "treatment" plus the term "vein graft failure." RESULTS Saphenous graft failure is commonly the consequence of four different pathophysiological mechanisms, early acute thrombosis, vascular inflammation, intimal hyperplasia, and late accelerated atherosclerosis. Different methods have been proposed to inhibit or attenuate these pathological processes including modified surgical technique, topical pretreatment, external graft support, and postoperative pharmacological interventions. Once graft failure occurs, the available treatments are either surgical reintervention, angioplasty, or conservative medical management reserved for patients not eligible for either procedure. CONCLUSION Despite the extensive amount of research performed, the pathophysiology of saphenous vein graft is still not completely understood. Surgical and pharmacological interventions have improved early patency and different strategies for prevention seem to offer some hope in improving long-term patency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gustavo Guida
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Bristol Heart Institute, Bristol Royal Infirmary, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Alex O Ward
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Bristol Heart Institute, Bristol Royal Infirmary, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Vito D Bruno
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Bristol Heart Institute, Bristol Royal Infirmary, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Sarah J George
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Bristol Heart Institute, Bristol Royal Infirmary, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Massimo Caputo
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Bristol Heart Institute, Bristol Royal Infirmary, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Gianni D Angelini
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Bristol Heart Institute, Bristol Royal Infirmary, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Mustafa Zakkar
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Bristol Heart Institute, Bristol Royal Infirmary, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK.,Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Clinical Sciences Wing, University of Leicester, Glenfield Hospital, Leicester, England
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Regulatory crosstalk between KLF5, miR-29a and Fbw7/CDC4 cooperatively promotes atherosclerotic development. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2017; 1864:374-386. [PMID: 29074464 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2017.10.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2017] [Revised: 10/01/2017] [Accepted: 10/16/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Atherogenesis is a chronic inflammatory process that involves complex interactions between endothelial dysfunction, lipid deposition and vascular smooth-muscle cell (VSMC) proliferation. However, the molecular mechanism is still unclear. We found that a pro-atherosclerotic factor (oxLDL) induced the expression of Krüppel-like factor 5 (KLF5), which in turn increased miR-29a expression levels. The increased miR-29a was retained within HASMCs and down-regulated Fbw7/CDC4 expression by targeting the 3´UTR of Fbw7/CDC4, subsequently increasing KLF5 stability by reducing the Fbw7/CDC4-dependent ubiquitination of KLF5, forming a positive feedback loop to enhance VSMC proliferation and promote atherogenesis. These results indicate a potentially important role for the oxLDL-activated feedback mechanism in VSMC proliferation and atherogenesis. Suppression of miR-29a may be an effective way to attenuate atherosclerosis. In conclusion, our data are the first to reveal that the regulatory crosstalk between KLF5, miR-29a, and Fbw7/CDC4 cooperatively promotes atherosclerotic development.
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Zheng B, Yin WN, Suzuki T, Zhang XH, Zhang Y, Song LL, Jin LS, Zhan H, Zhang H, Li JS, Wen JK. Exosome-Mediated miR-155 Transfer from Smooth Muscle Cells to Endothelial Cells Induces Endothelial Injury and Promotes Atherosclerosis. Mol Ther 2017; 25:1279-1294. [PMID: 28408180 PMCID: PMC5475247 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymthe.2017.03.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 233] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2016] [Revised: 03/19/2017] [Accepted: 03/23/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The vascular response to pro-atherosclerotic factors is a multifactorial process involving endothelial cells (ECs), macrophages (MACs), and smooth muscle cells (SMCs), although the mechanism by which these cell types communicate with each other in response to environmental cues is yet to be understood. Here, we show that miR-155, which is significantly expressed and secreted in Krüppel-like factor 5 (KLF5)-overexpressing vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs), is a potent regulator of endothelium barrier function through regulating endothelial targeting tight junction protein expression. VSMCs-derived exosomes mediate the transfer of KLF5-induced miR-155 from SMCs to ECs, which, in turn, destroys tight junctions and the integrity of endothelial barriers, leading to an increased endothelial permeability and enhanced atherosclerotic progression. Moreover, overexpression of miR-155 in ECs inhibits endothelial cell proliferation/migration and re-endothelialization in vitro and in vivo and thus increases vascular endothelial permeability. Blockage of the exosome-mediated transfer of miR-155 between these two cells may serve as a therapeutic target for atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Zheng
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Key Laboratory of Neural and Vascular Biology, Ministry of Education, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050017, China.
| | - Wei-Na Yin
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Key Laboratory of Neural and Vascular Biology, Ministry of Education, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050017, China; Paediatric Department, Handan First Hospital, Handan 056000, China
| | - Toru Suzuki
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences and NIHR Leicester Cardiovascular Biomedical Research Unit, Glenfield Hospital, Groby Road, Leicester LE3 9QP, UK
| | - Xin-Hua Zhang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Key Laboratory of Neural and Vascular Biology, Ministry of Education, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050017, China
| | - Yu Zhang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Key Laboratory of Neural and Vascular Biology, Ministry of Education, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050017, China
| | - Li-Li Song
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Key Laboratory of Neural and Vascular Biology, Ministry of Education, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050017, China
| | - Li-Shuang Jin
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Key Laboratory of Neural and Vascular Biology, Ministry of Education, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050017, China
| | - Hong Zhan
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Jichi Medical University, 3311-1 Yakushiji, Shimotsuke-shi, Tochigi-ken 329-0498, Japan
| | - Hong Zhang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Key Laboratory of Neural and Vascular Biology, Ministry of Education, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050017, China
| | - Jin-Shui Li
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Key Laboratory of Neural and Vascular Biology, Ministry of Education, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050017, China
| | - Jin-Kun Wen
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Key Laboratory of Neural and Vascular Biology, Ministry of Education, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050017, China.
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Ha JM, Yun SJ, Jin SY, Lee HS, Kim SJ, Shin HK, Bae SS. Regulation of vascular smooth muscle phenotype by cross-regulation of krüppel-like factors. THE KOREAN JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGY & PHARMACOLOGY : OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN PHYSIOLOGICAL SOCIETY AND THE KOREAN SOCIETY OF PHARMACOLOGY 2016; 21:37-44. [PMID: 28066139 PMCID: PMC5214909 DOI: 10.4196/kjpp.2017.21.1.37] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2016] [Revised: 07/28/2016] [Accepted: 08/18/2016] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Regulation of vascular smooth muscle cell (VSMC) phenotype plays an essential role in many cardiovascular diseases. In the present study, we provide evidence that krüppel-like factor 8 (KLF8) is essential for tumor necrosis factor α (TNFα)-induced phenotypic conversion of VSMC obtained from thoracic aorta from 4-week-old SD rats. Stimulation of the contractile phenotype of VSMCs with TNFα significantly reduced the VSMC marker gene expression and KLF8. The gene expression of KLF8 was blocked by TNFα stimulation in an ERK-dependent manner. The promoter region of KLF8 contained putative Sp1, KLF4, and NFκB binding sites. Myocardin significantly enhanced the promoter activity of KLF4 and KLF8. The ectopic expression of KLF4 strongly enhanced the promoter activity of KLF8. Moreover, silencing of Akt1 significantly attenuated the promoter activity of KLF8; conversely, the overexpression of Akt1 significantly enhanced the promoter activity of KLF8. The promoter activity of SMA, SM22α, and KLF8 was significantly elevated in the contractile phenotype of VSMCs. The ectopic expression of KLF8 markedly enhanced the expression of SMA and SM22α concomitant with morphological changes. The overexpression of KLF8 stimulated the promoter activity of SMA. Stimulation of VSMCs with TNFα enhanced the expression of KLF5, and the promoter activity of KLF5 was markedly suppressed by KLF8 ectopic expression. Finally, the overexpression of KLF5 suppressed the promoter activity of SMA and SM22α, thereby reduced the contractility in response to the stimulation of angiotensin II. These results suggest that cross-regulation of KLF family of transcription factors plays an essential role in the VSMC phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jung Min Ha
- Gene and Cell Therapy for Vessel-Associated Disease, Medical Research Institute, Department of Pharmacology, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Yangsan 50612, Korea
| | - Sung Ji Yun
- Gene and Cell Therapy for Vessel-Associated Disease, Medical Research Institute, Department of Pharmacology, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Yangsan 50612, Korea
| | - Seo Yeon Jin
- Gene and Cell Therapy for Vessel-Associated Disease, Medical Research Institute, Department of Pharmacology, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Yangsan 50612, Korea
| | - Hye Sun Lee
- Gene and Cell Therapy for Vessel-Associated Disease, Medical Research Institute, Department of Pharmacology, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Yangsan 50612, Korea
| | - Sun Ja Kim
- Department of Physics, Dong-A University, Busan 49315, Korea
| | - Hwa Kyoung Shin
- Department of Anatomy, Pusan National University School of Korean Medicine, Yangsan 50612, Korea
| | - Sun Sik Bae
- Gene and Cell Therapy for Vessel-Associated Disease, Medical Research Institute, Department of Pharmacology, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Yangsan 50612, Korea
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11
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Yan Y, Tan MW, Xue X, Ding XY, Wang GK, Xu ZY. Involvement of Oct4 in the pathogenesis of thoracic aortic dissection via inducing the dedifferentiated phenotype of human aortic smooth muscle cells by directly upregulating KLF5. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 2016; 152:820-829.e4. [PMID: 27353340 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtcvs.2016.05.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2016] [Revised: 04/27/2016] [Accepted: 05/20/2016] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the expression of Oct4 in human thoracic aortic dissection (TAD) and the regulation mechanisms of Oct4 on phenotype transition of human aortic smooth muscle cells (HASMCs). METHODS Aortic samples from TAD patients (n = 12) and organ donors (n = 6) were collected. qRT-PCR, western blot, and immunohistochemistry were performed to identify Oct4 expression in aortic media. Immunofluorescence was performed to analyze Oct4 expression in primary HASMCs. Oct4A and Oct4B isoforms were detected. Gain-of-function experiments were performed to determine the effects of Oct4 on HASMC phenotype transition. Chromatin immunoprecipitation, luciferase assay, and rescue experiments were performed to analyze mechanisms of Oct4 on HASMC phenotype transition. RESULTS Oct4 expression levels, especially the Oct4A isoform, were significantly higher in TAD patients compared with normal controls. Notably, Oct4 presented a strong and strict nuclear localization in primary HASMCs of TAD patients but a mild and diffuse distribution in both cytoplasm and nucleus in the control group. Overexpression of Oct4 induced dedifferentiation of HASMCs characterized by decreased contractile proteins and elevated migration capability. Krüppel-like factor 5 (KLF5) was found to be a directly regulated target gene of Oct4 in HASMCs. Furthermore, downregulation of KLF5 significantly alleviated the effects of Oct4 on phenotype transition of HASMCs. CONCLUSIONS Oct4 expression was significantly upregulated in aortic tissues and primary HASMCs of TAD patients. The increased Oct4 induced phenotype transition of HASMCs from the contractile type to the synthetic type by directly upregulating KLF5.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Yan
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Changhai Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, Zhejiang, China
| | - Meng-Wei Tan
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Changhai Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, Zhejiang, China.
| | - Xiang Xue
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Changhai Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xue-Yan Ding
- Cardiovascular Therapeutic Centre, The 117 Hospital of the Chinese People's Liberation Army, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Guo-Kun Wang
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Changhai Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, Zhejiang, China
| | - Zhi-Yun Xu
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Changhai Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, Zhejiang, China.
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12
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Kim SH, Yun SJ, Kim YH, Ha JM, Jin SY, Lee HS, Kim SJ, Shin HK, Chung SW, Bae SS. Essential role of krüppel-like factor 5 during tumor necrosis factor α-induced phenotypic conversion of vascular smooth muscle cells. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2015; 463:1323-7. [PMID: 26102029 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2015.06.123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2015] [Accepted: 06/18/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Tumor necrosis factor α (TNFα) plays an essential role in the regulation of vascular smooth muscle cell (VSMC) phenotype. In the present study, we provide evidence that krüppel-like factor 5 (KLF5) plays an essential role in TNFα-induced phenotypic conversion of VSMCs. Ectopic expression of KLF5 completely blocked phenotypic conversion of VSMCs from synthetic to contractile type. In addition, stimulation of VSMCs with TNFα facilitated expression of KLF5, whereas expression of smooth muscle marker genes such as SM22α and smooth muscle actin (SMA) was significantly down-regulated. TNFα significantly enhanced the promoter activity of KLF5 as well as mRNA level, which is significantly suppressed by the inhibition of the MAPK pathway. Silencing of KLF5 suppressed TNFα-induced phenotypic conversion of VSMCs, whereas overexpression of KLF5 stimulated phenotypic conversion of VSMCs and facilitated the loss of angiotensin II (AngII)-dependent contraction. Finally, overexpression of KLF5 significantly attenuated the promoter activity of SM22α and SMA. Therefore, we suggest that TNFα-dependent induction of KLF5 may play an essential role in phenotypic modulation of VSMCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seon Hee Kim
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Medical Research Institute, Pusan National University Hospital, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung Ji Yun
- MRC for Ischemic Tissue Regeneration, Medical Research Institute, Department of Pharmacology, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Republic of Korea
| | - Young Hwan Kim
- MRC for Ischemic Tissue Regeneration, Medical Research Institute, Department of Pharmacology, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung Min Ha
- MRC for Ischemic Tissue Regeneration, Medical Research Institute, Department of Pharmacology, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Republic of Korea
| | - Seo Yeon Jin
- MRC for Ischemic Tissue Regeneration, Medical Research Institute, Department of Pharmacology, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Republic of Korea
| | - Hye Sun Lee
- MRC for Ischemic Tissue Regeneration, Medical Research Institute, Department of Pharmacology, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Republic of Korea
| | - Sun Ja Kim
- Department of Physics, Dong-A University, Busan 604-714, Republic of Korea
| | - Hwa Kyoung Shin
- Department of Anatomy, Pusan National University School of Korean Medicine, Pusan National University, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung Woon Chung
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Medical Research Institute, Pusan National University Hospital, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Republic of Korea
| | - Sun Sik Bae
- MRC for Ischemic Tissue Regeneration, Medical Research Institute, Department of Pharmacology, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Republic of Korea.
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13
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Prosdocimo DA, Sabeh MK, Jain MK. Kruppel-like factors in muscle health and disease. Trends Cardiovasc Med 2014; 25:278-87. [PMID: 25528994 DOI: 10.1016/j.tcm.2014.11.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2014] [Revised: 11/13/2014] [Accepted: 11/13/2014] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Kruppel-like factors (KLF) are zinc-finger DNA-binding transcription factors that are critical regulators of tissue homeostasis. Emerging evidence suggests that KLFs are critical regulators of muscle biology in the context of cardiovascular health and disease. The focus of this review is to provide an overview of the current state of knowledge regarding the physiologic and pathologic roles of KLFs in the three lineages of muscle: cardiac, smooth, and skeletal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Domenick A Prosdocimo
- Case Cardiovascular Research Institute, Cleveland, OH; Harrington Heart & Vascular Institute, Cleveland, OH; Department of Medicine, University Hospitals Case Medical Center, Cleveland, OH; Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine and University Hospitals Case Medical Center, Cleveland, OH
| | - M Khaled Sabeh
- Case Cardiovascular Research Institute, Cleveland, OH; Harrington Heart & Vascular Institute, Cleveland, OH; Department of Medicine, University Hospitals Case Medical Center, Cleveland, OH; Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine and University Hospitals Case Medical Center, Cleveland, OH
| | - Mukesh K Jain
- Case Cardiovascular Research Institute, Cleveland, OH; Harrington Heart & Vascular Institute, Cleveland, OH; Department of Medicine, University Hospitals Case Medical Center, Cleveland, OH; Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine and University Hospitals Case Medical Center, Cleveland, OH.
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14
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Li X, Li X, Zheng Z, Liu Y, Ma X. Unfractionated heparin suppresses lipopolysaccharide-induced monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 expression in human microvascular endothelial cells by blocking Krüppel-like factor 5 and nuclear factor-κB pathway. Immunobiology 2014; 219:778-85. [PMID: 25023776 DOI: 10.1016/j.imbio.2014.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2014] [Accepted: 06/24/2014] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Unfractionated heparin (UFH) and low-molecular-weight heparins (LMWH), apart from anticoagulant activities, contain a variety of biological properties such as anti-inflammatory actions possibly affecting sepsis. Chemokines are vital for promoting the movement of circulating leukocytes to the site of infection and are involved in the pathogenesis of sepsis. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects and potential mechanisms of UFH on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced chemokine production in human pulmonary microvascular endothelial cells (HPMECs). HPMECs were pretreated with UFH (0.1 U/ml and 1 U/ml), 15 min prior to stimulation with LPS (10 μg/ml). Cells were cultured under various experimental conditions for 2 h and 6 h for analysis. UFH markedly decreased LPS-induced interleukin (IL)-8 and monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1) mRNA and protein expression in HPMECs. UFH also attenuated the secretion of these chemokines in culture supernatants. In addition, UFH blocked the chemotactic activities of LPS-stimulated HPMECs supernatants on monocytes migration as expected. UFH inhibited LPS-induced Krüppel-like factor 5 (KLF-5) mRNA and protein levels. Concurrently, UFH reduced nuclear factor (NF)-κB nuclear translocation. Importantly, transfection with siRNA targeting KLF-5 reduced NF-κB activation and chemokines expression. These results demonstrate that interfering with KLF-5 mediated NF-κB activation might contribute to the inhibitory effects of chemokines and monocytes migration by UFH in LPS-stimulated HPMECs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xu Li
- Department of Intensive Care Unit, The First Affiliated Hospital, China Medical University, Bei-er Road 92, Shenyang 110001, Liaoning Province, PR China
| | - Xin Li
- Department of Intensive Care Unit, The First Affiliated Hospital, China Medical University, Bei-er Road 92, Shenyang 110001, Liaoning Province, PR China
| | - Zhen Zheng
- Department of Intensive Care Unit, The First Affiliated Hospital, China Medical University, Bei-er Road 92, Shenyang 110001, Liaoning Province, PR China
| | - Yina Liu
- Department of Intensive Care Unit, The First Affiliated Hospital, China Medical University, Bei-er Road 92, Shenyang 110001, Liaoning Province, PR China
| | - Xiaochun Ma
- Department of Intensive Care Unit, The First Affiliated Hospital, China Medical University, Bei-er Road 92, Shenyang 110001, Liaoning Province, PR China.
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15
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Jain MK, Sangwung P, Hamik A. Regulation of an inflammatory disease: Krüppel-like factors and atherosclerosis. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2014; 34:499-508. [PMID: 24526695 PMCID: PMC5539879 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.113.301925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2013] [Accepted: 01/07/2014] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
This invited review summarizes work presented in the Russell Ross lecture delivered at the 2012 proceedings of the American Heart Association. We begin with a brief overview of the structural, cellular, and molecular biology of Krüppel-like factors. We then focus on discoveries during the past decade, implicating Krüppel-like factors as key determinants of vascular cell function in atherosclerotic vascular disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mukesh K. Jain
- Case Cardiovascular Research Institute, Case Western Reserve University, and Harrington Heart and Vascular Institute, University Hospitals Case Medical Center, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Panjamaporn Sangwung
- Case Cardiovascular Research Institute, Case Western Reserve University, and Harrington Heart and Vascular Institute, University Hospitals Case Medical Center, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Anne Hamik
- Case Cardiovascular Research Institute, Case Western Reserve University, and Harrington Heart and Vascular Institute, University Hospitals Case Medical Center, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Louis Stokes Cleveland Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Cleveland, Ohio
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16
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Voyvodic PL, Min D, Liu R, Williams E, Chitalia V, Dunn AK, Baker AB. Loss of syndecan-1 induces a pro-inflammatory phenotype in endothelial cells with a dysregulated response to atheroprotective flow. J Biol Chem 2014; 289:9547-59. [PMID: 24554698 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m113.541573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Fluid shear stresses are potent regulators of vascular homeostasis and powerful determinants of vascular disease progression. The glycocalyx is a layer of glycoaminoglycans, proteoglycans, and glycoproteins that lines the luminal surface of arteries. The glycocalyx interacts directly with hemodynamic forces from blood flow and, consequently, is a prime candidate for the mechanosensing of fluidic shear stresses. Here, we investigated the role of the glycocalyx component syndecan-1 (sdc-1) in controlling the shear stress-induced signaling and flow-mediated phenotypic modulation in endothelial cells. We found that knock-out of sdc-1 abolished several key early signaling events of endothelial cells in response to shear stress including the phosphorylation of Akt, the formation of a spatial gradient in paxillin phosphorylation, and the activation of RhoA. After exposure to atheroprotective flow, we found that sdc-1 knock-out endothelial cells had a phenotypic shift to an inflammatory/pro-atherosclerotic phenotype in contrast to the atheroprotective phenotype of wild type cells. Consistent with these findings, we found increased leukocyte adhesion to sdc-1 knock-out endothelial cells in vitro that was reduced by re-expression of sdc-1. In vivo, we found increased leukocyte recruitment and vascular permeability/inflammation in sdc-1 knock-out mice. Taken together, our studies support a key role for sdc-1 in endothelial mechanosensing and regulation of endothelial phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter L Voyvodic
- From the Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712 and
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17
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Choi JR, Kwon IS, Kwon DY, Kim MS, Lee M. TT Mutant Homozygote of Kruppel-like Factor 5 Is a Key Factor for Increasing Basal Metabolic Rate and Resting Metabolic Rate in Korean Elementary School Children. Genomics Inform 2013; 11:263-71. [PMID: 24465239 PMCID: PMC3897855 DOI: 10.5808/gi.2013.11.4.263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2013] [Revised: 09/09/2013] [Accepted: 10/29/2013] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
We investigated the contribution of genetic variations of KLF5 to basal metabolic rate (BMR) and resting metabolic rate (RMR) and the inhibition of obesity in Korean children. A variation of KLF5 (rs3782933) was genotyped in 62 Korean children. Using multiple linear regression analysis, we developed a model to predict BMR in children. We divided them into several groups; normal versus overweight by body mass index (BMI) and low BMR versus high BMR by BMR. There were no differences in the distributions of alleles and genotypes between each group. The genetic variation of KLF5 gene showed a significant correlation with several clinical factors, such as BMR, muscle, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and insulin. Children with the TT had significantly higher BMR than those with CC (p = 0.030). The highest muscle was observed in the children with TT compared with CC (p = 0.032). The insulin and C-peptide values were higher in children with TT than those with CC (p= 0.029 vs. p = 0.004, respectively). In linear regression analysis, BMI and muscle mass were correlated with BMR, whereas insulin and C-peptide were not associated with BMR. In the high-BMR group, we observed that higher muscle, fat mass, and C-peptide affect the increase of BMR in children with TT (p < 0.001, p < 0.001, and p = 0.018, respectively), while Rohrer's index could explain the usual decrease in BMR (adjust r(2) = 1.000, p < 0.001, respectively). We identified a novel association between TT of KLF5 rs3782933 and BMR in Korean children. We could make better use of the variation within KLF5 in a future clinical intervention study of obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jung Ran Choi
- Research Institute of Obesity Science, Sungshin Women's University, Seoul 142-137, Korea
| | - In-Su Kwon
- Laboratory Exercise Biochemistry, Korea National Sport University, Seoul 138-763, Korea. ; Department of Food and Nutrition, Sungshin Women's University, Seoul 142-137, Korea
| | - Dae Young Kwon
- Nutrition and Metabolism Research Group, Korea Food Research Institute, Seongnam 463-746, Korea
| | - Myung-Sunny Kim
- Nutrition and Metabolism Research Group, Korea Food Research Institute, Seongnam 463-746, Korea
| | - Myoungsook Lee
- Research Institute of Obesity Science, Sungshin Women's University, Seoul 142-137, Korea. ; Department of Food and Nutrition, Sungshin Women's University, Seoul 142-137, Korea
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18
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Wu Z, Wang S. Role of kruppel-like transcription factors in adipogenesis. Dev Biol 2012; 373:235-43. [PMID: 23142072 DOI: 10.1016/j.ydbio.2012.10.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 109] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2012] [Revised: 10/31/2012] [Accepted: 10/31/2012] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
The zinc-finger transcription factors of the kruppel-like factor family (KLF) are critical in many physiological and pathological processes including cell proliferation, differentiation, inflammation, and apoptosis. Recently, there is increasing evidence that suggests these KLFs have an important role in fat biology. This review summarizes the role of KLFs in lipid metabolism, especially in adipogenesis, and reveals the relationship networks among members of KLF family in differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zeni Wu
- School of Public Health, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
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19
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Alaiti MA, Orasanu G, Tugal D, Lu Y, Jain MK. Kruppel-like factors and vascular inflammation: implications for atherosclerosis. Curr Atheroscler Rep 2012; 14:438-49. [PMID: 22850980 PMCID: PMC4410857 DOI: 10.1007/s11883-012-0268-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mohamad Amer Alaiti
- Harrington Heart and Vascular Institute and Department of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine and University Hospitals Case Medical Center, 2103 Cornell Road, Room 4-522, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - Gabriela Orasanu
- Harrington Heart and Vascular Institute and Department of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine and University Hospitals Case Medical Center, 2103 Cornell Road, Room 4-522, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - Derin Tugal
- Harrington Heart and Vascular Institute and Department of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine and University Hospitals Case Medical Center, 2103 Cornell Road, Room 4-522, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - Yuan Lu
- Harrington Heart and Vascular Institute and Department of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine and University Hospitals Case Medical Center, 2103 Cornell Road, Room 4-522, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - Mukesh K. Jain
- Harrington Heart and Vascular Institute and Department of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine and University Hospitals Case Medical Center, 2103 Cornell Road, Room 4-522, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
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Abstract
Intimal hyperplasia is the leading cause of long-term failure in coronary artery bypass vein grafting, coronary artery stenting, angioplasty, arteriovenous fistula for dialysis, and allograft transplantation. Intimal hyperplasia is a product of vascular smooth muscle cell proliferation, migration through the internal elastic lamina, and deposition of extracellular matrix proteins driven by growth factors in the vasculature. This vascular pathology results in a progressive diminution of the vessel lumen and serves as a site for thrombosis and atherosclerotic lesions. A key cell type in the initiation of intimal hyperplasia is the vascular endothelial cell, which appears to have down-stream effects on the vascular smooth muscle proliferation and migration. Currently, the only means available for prevention of intimal hyperplasia is through inhibition of mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) with the immunosuppressant rapamycin. mTOR integrates up-stream signals from growth factors such as IL-2 and senses the cellular nutrient and energy levels and redox status. This presentation will discuss the potential means of preserving the vascular endothelial cell and, thereby, reducing the development of intimal hyperplasia in our open-heart surgical patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Mills
- Circulatory Sciences Graduate Perfusion Program, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - T Robb
- Circulatory Sciences Graduate Perfusion Program, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - DF Larson
- Circulatory Sciences Graduate Perfusion Program, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
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Nagai R. [108th Scientific Meeting of the Japanese Society of Internal Medicine: presidential lecture: medical research in elements and systems: from the standpoint of disease biology of the cardiovascular, metabolic and immune systems, and large-scale health record data systems]. NIHON NAIKA GAKKAI ZASSHI. THE JOURNAL OF THE JAPANESE SOCIETY OF INTERNAL MEDICINE 2011; 100:2383-2401. [PMID: 22117328 DOI: 10.2169/naika.100.2383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Ryozo Nagai
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Japan
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Abstract
The Krüppel-like factor (KLF) family of transcription factors regulates diverse biological processes that include proliferation, differentiation, growth, development, survival, and responses to external stress. Seventeen mammalian KLFs have been identified, and numerous studies have been published that describe their basic biology and contribution to human diseases. KLF proteins have received much attention because of their involvement in the development and homeostasis of numerous organ systems. KLFs are critical regulators of physiological systems that include the cardiovascular, digestive, respiratory, hematological, and immune systems and are involved in disorders such as obesity, cardiovascular disease, cancer, and inflammatory conditions. Furthermore, KLFs play an important role in reprogramming somatic cells into induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cells and maintaining the pluripotent state of embryonic stem cells. As research on KLF proteins progresses, additional KLF functions and associations with disease are likely to be discovered. Here, we review the current knowledge of KLF proteins and describe common attributes of their biochemical and physiological functions and their pathophysiological roles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beth B McConnell
- Departments of Medicine and of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Emory University School of Medicine,Atlanta, Georgia 30322, USA
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Oishi Y, Manabe I, Imai Y, Hara K, Horikoshi M, Fujiu K, Tanaka T, Aizawa T, Kadowaki T, Nagai R. Regulatory polymorphism in transcription factor KLF5 at the MEF2 element alters the response to angiotensin II and is associated with human hypertension. FASEB J 2010; 24:1780-8. [PMID: 20086047 DOI: 10.1096/fj.09-146589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Krüppel-like factor 5 (KLF5) is a zinc-finger-type transcription factor that mediates the tissue remodeling in cardiovascular diseases, such as atherosclerosis, restenosis, and cardiac hypertrophy. Our previous studies have shown that KLF5 is induced by angiotensin II (AII), although the precise molecular mechanism is not yet known. Here we analyzed regulatory single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) within the KLF5 locus to identify clinically relevant signaling pathways linking AII and KLF5. One SNP was located at -1282 bp and was associated with an increased risk of hypertension: subjects with the A/A and A/G genotypes at -1282 were at significantly higher risk for hypertension than those with the G/G genotype. Interestingly, a reporter construct corresponding to the -1282G genotype showed much weaker responses to AII than a construct corresponding to -1282A. Electrophoretic mobility shift, chromatin immunoprecipitation, and reporter assays collectively showed that the -1282 SNP is located within a functional myocyte enhancer factor 2 (MEF2) binding site, and that the -1282G genotype disrupts the site and reduces the AII responsiveness of the promoter. Moreover, MEF2 activation via reactive oxygen species and p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase induced KLF5 expression in response to AII, and KLF5 and MEF2 were coexpressed in coronary atherosclerotic plaques. These results suggest that a novel signaling and transcription network involving MEF2A and KLF5 plays an important role in the pathogenesis of cardiovascular diseases such as hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yumiko Oishi
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
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Arakawa K, Ishibashi-Ueda H, Hao H, Ikeda Y, Kawamura A. Plaque Tissue Components Obtained from De Novo Lesions may Predict Restenosis after Directional Coronary Atherectomy. Ann Vasc Dis 2010. [DOI: 10.3400/avd.oa09008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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Arakawa K, Ishibashi-Ueda H, Hao H, Ikeda Y, Kawamura A. Plaque Tissue Components Obtained from De Novo Lesions may Predict Restenosis after Directional Coronary Atherectomy. Ann Vasc Dis 2010; 3:52-9. [PMID: 23555388 DOI: 10.3400/avd.avdoa09009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2009] [Accepted: 05/11/2010] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND A part of coronary stenotic lesions treated with directional coronary atherectomy (DCA) occur restenosis several months later. Specimens obtained by first DCA, present the histology of culplit lesions and may predict restenosis after PCI. METHODS The study group comprised 76 patients (male/female 65/11, age 61 ± 11 years). Restenosis, defined as > 50% stenosis diameter by quantitative cineangiography, was present in 26 patients. The other 50 patients (< 50% stenosis) constitute the "no restenosis" group. Inflammatory cells and other atheroma components were planimetrically quantified as a percentage of total tissue area. RESULTS As regards lymphocytes, neutrophils and smooth muscle cells, the grade of amount of cells did not differ between restenosis group and no restenosis group. The amount of obtained arterial media was similar, too. However, the area occupied by macrophages or calcified fragments was significantly larger in restenosis group than no restenosis group. And there was a tendency toward larger area occupied by cholesterol gruel, thrombus and myxomatous extracellular matrix (ECM) in restenosis group. CONCLUSION Rich macrophages infiltration, calcified fragments, cholesterol rich gruel and myxomatous ECM from primary lesions can be predictors of restenosis after DCA, suggesting a possible role in restenotic process after PCI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kentaro Arakawa
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, National Cardiovascular Center, Suita, Osaka, Japan
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Dong JT, Chen C. Essential role of KLF5 transcription factor in cell proliferation and differentiation and its implications for human diseases. Cell Mol Life Sci 2009; 66:2691-706. [PMID: 19448973 PMCID: PMC11115749 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-009-0045-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 208] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2009] [Revised: 04/22/2009] [Accepted: 04/24/2009] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
KLF5 (Kruppel-like factor 5) is a basic transcription factor binding to GC boxes at a number of gene promoters and regulating their transcription. KLF5 is expressed during development and, in adults, with higher levels in proliferating epithelial cells. The expression and activity of KLF5 are regulated by multiple signaling pathways, including Ras/MAPK, PKC, and TGFbeta, and various posttranslational modifications, including phosphorylation, acetylation, ubiquitination, and sumoylation. Consistently, KLF5 mediates the signaling functions in cell proliferation, cell cycle, apoptosis, migration, differentiation, and stemness by regulating gene expression in response to environment stimuli. The expression of KLF5 is frequently abnormal in human cancers and in cardiovascular disease-associated vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs). Due to its significant functions in cell proliferation, survival, and differentiation, KLF5 could be a potential diagnostic biomarker and therapeutic target for cancer and cardiovascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin-Tang Dong
- Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Department of Urology and Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University School of Medicine, 1365-C Clifton Road, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA.
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Suzuki T, Sawaki D, Aizawa K, Munemasa Y, Matsumura T, Ishida J, Nagai R. Kruppel-like factor 5 shows proliferation-specific roles in vascular remodeling, direct stimulation of cell growth, and inhibition of apoptosis. J Biol Chem 2009; 284:9549-57. [PMID: 19189969 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m806230200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Krüppel-like factor 5 (KLF5), originally isolated as a regulator of phenotypic modulation of vascular smooth muscle cells, induces pathological cell growth and is expressed in the neointima. Although induction of KLF5 up-regulates growth factors like platelet-derived growth factor-A chain, how KLF5 actually contributes to vascular remodeling, notably its direct effects on cell proliferation, had been poorly clarified. To investigate the effects of KLF5 on neointimal formation, we at first performed adenoviral overexpression of KLF5 to rats subjected to carotid balloon injury. Neointimal formation and proliferating cell nuclear antigen-positive rate were significantly increased at 14 days after injury in the KLF5-treated animals. At the cellular level, overexpression of KLF5 also resulted in markedly increased cell proliferation and cell cycle progression. As a molecular mechanism, we showed that KLF5 directly bound to the promoter and up-regulated gene expression of cyclin D1, as well as showing specific transactivation of cyclins and cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitors in cardiovascular cells. Conversely, knockdown of KLF5 by RNA interference specifically down-regulated cyclin D1 and impaired vascular smooth muscle cell proliferation. Furthermore, KLF5 attenuated cleavage of caspase-3 under conditions of apoptotic stimulation. Moreover, KLF5-administered animals exhibited a significant decrease in terminal deoxynucleotidyltransferase-mediated dUTP nick end-labeling-positive cells in the medial layer, suggesting inhibition of apoptosis in the early phase after denudation. These findings collectively suggest that KLF5 plays a central role in cardiovascular pathologies through direct and specific stimulation of cell growth as well as inhibition of apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toru Suzuki
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine and Ubiquitous Preventive Medicine, the University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8655, Japan.
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Kumekawa M, Fukuda G, Shimizu S, Konno K, Odawara M. Inhibition of monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 by Krüppel-like factor 5 small interfering RNA in the tumor necrosis factor- alpha-activated human umbilical vein endothelial cells. Biol Pharm Bull 2008; 31:1609-13. [PMID: 18670098 DOI: 10.1248/bpb.31.1609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Krüppel-like factor 5 (KLF5) is one of the pivotal transcriptional factors communicating with inflammatory cytokines. Regulation of monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1) is a target to prevent from inflammation and atherogenic changes in patient with diabetes mellitus. This study was made to determine whether KLF5 may associate with MCP-1 expression in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) induced by tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha), in terms of the initial events of damaged vascular cells in diabetes. MCP-1 expression was markedly augmented by the treatment of TNF-alpha to HUVECs, but this augmentation was inhibited by KLF5 small interfering RNA, which primarily suppressed the expression of KLF5 at mRNA levels in the cells. Though TNF-alpha augmented the levels of endothelin-1 (ET-1) and attenuated those of embryonic form of myosin heavy chain (SMemb) in HUVECs, the inhibition of KLF5 did not affect the levels of these cytokines in the cells. These results suggested that in HUVECs, KLF5 is playing a critical role in regulating the expression of MCP-1, which has been considered to be involved in the diabetic atherogenic events.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mari Kumekawa
- Third Department of Internal Medicine, Tokyo Medical University, Tokyo, Japan
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29
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Ohara F, Nii A, Sakiyama Y, Tsuchiya M, Ogawa S. Pathophysiological characteristics of dimethylnitrosamine-induced liver fibrosis in acute and chronic injury models: a possible contribution of KLF5 to fibrogenic responses. Dig Dis Sci 2008; 53:2222-32. [PMID: 18095165 DOI: 10.1007/s10620-007-0112-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2007] [Accepted: 10/27/2007] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Dimethylnitrosamine administration induces a rapid increase in collagen deposition with concomitant proliferation of hepatic stellate cells in rats. Here, we investigated the pathophysiological profiles of acute and chronic hepatic fibrosis states and attempted to determine the possible role of Kruppel-like factor-5 (KLF5) in this model. In acute study using a single drug injection, we observed a rapid transient increase of ALT and mRNA levels of KLF5 followed by increases in fibrosis-related genes. Repeated administration of dimethylnitrosamine once a week caused early damage with severe fibrosis and sustained hepatocyte injury, while intermittent injections at 2-week intervals induced only modest fibrosis from 3 weeks. Weekly administration also induced profound upregulation of collagen I, alpha-smooth muscle actin, and KLF5 mRNA. In contrast, such continued augmentation was not observed after intermittent injections; KLF5 increased only after 3 weeks. These results suggested that dimethylnitrosamine induced a rapid hepatic fibrogenic response with a possible participation of KLF5.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fumihiro Ohara
- St Louis Laboratories, Pfizer Global Research and Development, Chesterfield, MO 63017, USA.
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30
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Suguta M, Nakano A, Hoshino Y, Endoh M, Hatori T, Hasegawa A, Aihara M, Takeuchi T, Kurabayashi M. Nestin, a maker for multilineage potential of cells from human primary and restenotic coronary artery plaques. Int J Cardiol 2007; 121:53-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijcard.2006.11.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2006] [Revised: 08/14/2006] [Accepted: 11/02/2006] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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31
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Kwak MK, Lee HJ, Hur K, Park DJ, Lee HS, Kim WH, Lee KU, Choe KJ, Guilford P, Yang HK. Expression of Krüppel-like factor 5 in human gastric carcinomas. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol 2007; 134:163-7. [PMID: 17622557 DOI: 10.1007/s00432-007-0265-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2007] [Accepted: 06/14/2007] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Krüppel-like factor 5 (KLF5) is a zinc finger transcription factor, which has recently attracted attention because of its important regulatory activities linked to diverse functions such as cell growth, proliferation, differentiation, and tumorigenesis in a number of systems. However, its expression in human gastric cancer has not been described previously. In this study, we investigated the expression profile of KLF5 and the relationship between its clinicopathologic features and expression in gastric carcinomas. METHODS Tissues were obtained from 247 gastric carcinoma patients who underwent curative gastrectomy (R0 resection) at the Department of Surgery, Seoul National University Hospital from January 1995 to June 1995, and these tissues were arranged in tissue array blocks. KLF5 expression was analyzed by immunohistochemical staining using anti-BTEB2 mouse monoclonal antibodies (Santa Cruz Biotechnology Inc., Santa Cruz, CA, USA). RESULTS Overall KLF5 was found to be expressed in 45.7% (113/247) of tumor tissues. Moreover, its expression rate was significantly high in early-staged gastric cancer (63.2 vs. 38.0%, p < 0.001), in gastric cancer without lymph node metastasis (54.0 vs. 40.1%, p = 0.04), and in tumors <5 cm in size (53.0 vs. 38.1%, p = 0.02). The 5-year survival rate of patients with KLF5-positive tumors was higher than those of patients with KLF5-negative tumors, although this was not statistically significant (74.7 vs. 62.2%, p = 0.057). CONCLUSION KLF5 expression rate was high in early-staged gastric cancer, in small gastric cancer tissues and in gastric cancer without lymph node metastasis. By univariate analysis, its expression was found to favor survival after surgery. Our study describes for the first time the expression profile of KLF5 in a large number of human gastric cancer tissues and suggests consistent results shown in many recent studies that reduction of KLF5 expression occurs in many types of human tumor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mi Kyung Kwak
- Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
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32
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Chen C, Benjamin MS, Sun X, Otto KB, Guo P, Dong XY, Bao Y, Zhou Z, Cheng X, Simons JW, Dong JT. KLF5 promotes cell proliferation and tumorigenesis through gene regulation and the TSU-Pr1 human bladder cancer cell line. Int J Cancer 2007; 118:1346-55. [PMID: 16184550 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.21533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 120] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
KLF5 is a transcription factor that plays important roles in multiple physical and pathological processes, including cell growth, cell cycle regulation, and angiogenesis. To better characterize KLF5 function in bladder carcinogenesis, we established stable TSU-Pr1 cell clones expressing different levels of KLF5. These clones were then characterized for cell growth, cell cycle progression, tumorigenesis, and alteration in gene expression. Overexpression of KLF5 promoted tumorigenesis of the TSU-Pr1 cancer cells in mice. Consistently, KLF5 increased G1 to S phase transition, which was accompanied by the upregulation of cyclin D1, phosphorylation of MAPK and Akt, and reduced protein levels for CDK inhibitors p27 and p15. Microarray analysis combined with expression verification in different cell systems identified a number of additional genes that are potentially regulated by KLF5, including HBP17, ITGA6, and RAIG1. These findings suggest that the KLF5 transcription factor plays an oncogenic role in the TSU-Pr1 bladder cancer cell line through the regulation of a subset of genes.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Blotting, Northern
- Blotting, Western
- Cell Line, Tumor
- Cell Proliferation
- Clone Cells
- Cyclin D1/metabolism
- Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic
- Humans
- Kruppel-Like Transcription Factors/genetics
- Kruppel-Like Transcription Factors/metabolism
- Kruppel-Like Transcription Factors/physiology
- Male
- Mice
- Mice, SCID
- Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases/metabolism
- Neoplasm Transplantation
- Neoplasms, Experimental/genetics
- Neoplasms, Experimental/metabolism
- Neoplasms, Experimental/pathology
- Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis
- Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt/metabolism
- RNA, Small Interfering/genetics
- Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction
- S Phase/genetics
- S Phase/physiology
- Transplantation, Heterologous
- Tumor Burden
- Urinary Bladder Neoplasms/genetics
- Urinary Bladder Neoplasms/metabolism
- Urinary Bladder Neoplasms/pathology
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Affiliation(s)
- Ceshi Chen
- Winship Cancer Institute and Department of Oncology and Hematology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
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33
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Haldar SM, Ibrahim OA, Jain MK. Kruppel-like Factors (KLFs) in muscle biology. J Mol Cell Cardiol 2007; 43:1-10. [PMID: 17531262 PMCID: PMC2743293 DOI: 10.1016/j.yjmcc.2007.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2007] [Accepted: 04/03/2007] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
The Kruppel-like Factor (KLF) family of zinc-finger transcription factors are critical regulators of cell differentiation, phenotypic modulation and physiologic function. An emerging body of evidence implicates an important role for these factors in cardiovascular biology, however, the role of KLFs in muscle biology is only beginning to be understood. This article reviews the published data describing the role of KLFs in the heart, smooth muscle, and skeletal muscle and highlights the importance of these factors in cardiovascular development, physiology and disease pathobiology.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Mukesh K. Jain
- Address correspondence to: Mukesh K. Jain M.D., Case Cardiovascular Research Institute, Case Medical School and Cardiovascular Division, University Hospitals of Cleveland, 2103 Cornell Road, Room 4-522, Cleveland, OH 44106. ; Tel: (216) 368-3609, Fax: (216) 368-0556
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34
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Suzuki T, Nishi T, Nagino T, Sasaki K, Aizawa K, Kada N, Sawaki D, Munemasa Y, Matsumura T, Muto S, Sata M, Miyagawa K, Horikoshi M, Nagai R. Functional Interaction between the Transcription Factor Krüppel-like Factor 5 and Poly(ADP-ribose) Polymerase-1 in Cardiovascular Apoptosis. J Biol Chem 2007; 282:9895-9901. [PMID: 17283079 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m608098200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Krüppel-like factor 5 (KLF5) is a transcription factor important in regulation of the cardiovascular response to external stress. KLF5 regulates pathological cell growth, and its acetylation is important for this effect. Its mechanisms of action, however, are still unclear. Analysis in KLF5-deficient mice showed that KLF5 confers apoptotic resistance in vascular lesions. Mechanistic analysis further showed that it specifically interacts with poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase-1 (PARP-1), a nuclear enzyme important in DNA repair and apoptosis. KLF5 interacted with a proteolytic fragment of PARP-1, and acetylation of KLF5 under apoptotic conditions increased their affinity. Moreover, KLF5 wild-type (but not a non-acetylatable point mutant) inhibited apoptosis as induced by the PARP-1 fragment. Collectively, we have found that KLF5 regulates apoptosis and targets PARP-1, and further, for acetylation to regulate these effects. Our findings thus implicate functional interaction between the transcription factor KLF5 and PARP-1 in cardiovascular apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toru Suzuki
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8655, Japan; Department of Clinical Bioinformatics, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8655, Japan.
| | - Toshiya Nishi
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8655, Japan
| | - Tomoko Nagino
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8655, Japan
| | - Kana Sasaki
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8655, Japan
| | - Kenichi Aizawa
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8655, Japan
| | - Nanae Kada
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8655, Japan
| | - Daigo Sawaki
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8655, Japan
| | - Yoshiko Munemasa
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8655, Japan
| | - Takayoshi Matsumura
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8655, Japan
| | - Shinsuke Muto
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8655, Japan; Laboratory of Developmental Biology, Institute of Molecular and Cellular Biosciences, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8655, Japan
| | - Masataka Sata
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8655, Japan
| | - Kiyoshi Miyagawa
- Department of Radiation Biology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8655, Japan
| | - Masami Horikoshi
- Laboratory of Developmental Biology, Institute of Molecular and Cellular Biosciences, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8655, Japan
| | - Ryozo Nagai
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8655, Japan.
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Jung HG, Shin JH, Kim KW, Yu JY, Kang KK, Ahn BO, Kwon JW, Yoo M. Microarray analysis of gene expression profile in the corpus cavernosum of hypercholesterolemic rats after chronic treatment with PDE5 inhibitor. Life Sci 2007; 80:699-708. [PMID: 17137605 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2006.10.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2006] [Revised: 10/14/2006] [Accepted: 10/27/2006] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Gene expression changes in the corpus cavernosum of hypercholesterolemic rats were not fully assessed, which were not previously known to be associated with hypercholesterolemia-related erectile dysfunction (ED). To provide molecular insight into pathophysiology of hypercholesterolemia-related ED and to investigate the effects of Udenafil, a phosphodiesterase type 5 (PDE5) inhibitor, on gene expression, we performed microarray gene expression analysis via gene discovery methods using GenoCheck platinum cDNA chip (Ansan, S. Korea). Sixteen male Sprague-Dawley rats were fed 2% cholesterol diet for 5 months. Half of them were orally treated with Udenafil (20 mg/kg/day) simultaneously. Eight age-matched rats fed normal diet were served as normal control. RNA was extracted from corpus cavernosum and microarray analysis was performed. Decreased erectile responses and hypercholesterolemia were observed in hypercholesterolemic control group. In microarray analysis, 122 candidate genes were noted to be altered based on the magnitude of expression changes, which includes 44 down-regulated and 78 up-regulated genes compared with the age-matched normal controls. These changes were, however, significantly attenuated by treatment with Udenafil. Out of the 78 up-regulated genes, 8 genes were significantly decreased by the chronic treatment with Udenafil. The altered genes were cytochrome oxidase biogenesis protein OXA1, skeletal muscle myosin heavy chain, lipophilin, fast skeletal muscle isoforms beta/alpha, myosin light chain 3, cytochrome c oxidase, adipocyte fatty acid binding protein and one EST gene. In contrast, among the 44 down-regulated genes, Kruppel-like factor 5 and cyclin D1 genes were increased after the Udenafil treatment. These results provide the molecular basis for understanding the pathogenesis of hypercholesterolemia-related ED and offer clues on determining the underlying action mechanism of a PDE5 inhibitor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han Gook Jung
- Research Institutes of Dong-A Pharmaceutical Company, 47-5 Sanggal, Kiheung, Youngin, Kyunggi 449-905, Republic of Korea
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36
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Gao D, Niu X, Ning N, Hao G. Regulation of angiotensin II-Induced Krüppel-like factor 5 expression in vascular smooth muscle cells. Biol Pharm Bull 2006; 29:2004-8. [PMID: 17015941 DOI: 10.1248/bpb.29.2004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Angiotensin (Ang) II plays a critical role in cardiovascular remodeling. Krüppel-like factor (KLF) 5 is a novel indicated mediator in Ang II-induced cardiovascular damage. However, the potential link between KLF5 and Ang II has not been well investigated. In this study, we showed that in growth-arrested vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs), Ang II induced cell proliferation, KLF5 mRNA and protein expression in a dose- and time-dependent fashion, whereas KLF5 mRNA stability was not affected. The AT1 antagonist losartan significantly blocked Ang II-induced KLF5 expression. Furthermore, several intracellular signals elicited by Ang II were involved in KLF5 gene upregulation, including phosphate tyrosine kinase, mitogen-activated protein kinases and reactive oxygen species. These data, for the first time, revealed the involvements of some intracellular signals in the regulation of KLF5 expression in response to Ang II in VSMCs and showed the possible role of KLF5 in Ang II-induced cell proliferation in VSMCs.
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MESH Headings
- Angiotensin II/pharmacology
- Animals
- Cell Proliferation/drug effects
- Cells, Cultured
- Gene Expression Regulation/drug effects
- Kruppel-Like Transcription Factors/genetics
- Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/drug effects
- Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/metabolism
- Myocytes, Smooth Muscle/drug effects
- Myocytes, Smooth Muscle/metabolism
- RNA Stability
- Rats
- Rats, Sprague-Dawley
- Receptor, Angiotensin, Type 1/physiology
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Affiliation(s)
- Dengfeng Gao
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Xi'an Shaanxi, P R China
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37
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Zhu N, Gu L, Findley HW, Chen C, Dong JT, Yang L, Zhou M. KLF5 Interacts with p53 in Regulating Survivin Expression in Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia. J Biol Chem 2006; 281:14711-8. [PMID: 16595680 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m513810200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The Kruppel-like factor 5 (KLF5) is a transcription factor that regulates cellular signaling involved in cell proliferation and oncogenesis. Here, we report that KLF5 interacts with tumor suppressor p53 in regulating the expression of the inhibitor-of-apoptosis protein survivin, which may play a role in pathological process of cancer. The core promoter region of survivin contains multiple GT-boxes that have been characterized as KLF5 response elements. Deletion and mutation analyses as well as chromatin immunoprecipitation and electronic mobility shift assay indicated that KLF5 binds to the core survivin promoter and strongly induces its activity. Furthermore, we demonstrated that KLF5 protein is able to bind to p53 and abrogate the p53-regulated repression of survivin. Transfection of KLF5 into a KLF5-negative acute lymphoblastic leukemia cell line EU-8 enhanced survivin expression, and conversely, silencing of KLF5 by small interfering RNA in a KLF5-overexpressing acute lymphoblastic leukemia cell line EU-4 down-regulated survivin expression. The KLF5 small interfering RNA-mediated down-regulation of survivin sensitized EU-4 cells to apoptosis induced by chemotherapeutic drug doxorubicin. These findings identify a novel regulatory pathway for the expression of survivin under the control of KLF5 and p53. Deregulation of this pathway may result in overexpression of survivin in cancer, thus contributing to drug resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ningxi Zhu
- The Division of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Emory University School of Medicine, 2015 Uppergate Drive, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
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38
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Sullivan CJ, Teal TH, Luttrell IP, Tran KB, Peters MA, Wessells H. Microarray analysis reveals novel gene expression changes associated with erectile dysfunction in diabetic rats. Physiol Genomics 2005; 23:192-205. [PMID: 16118269 PMCID: PMC3902176 DOI: 10.1152/physiolgenomics.00112.2005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
To investigate the full range of molecular changes associated with erectile dysfunction (ED) in Type 1 diabetes, we examined alterations in penile gene expression in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats and littermate controls. With the use of Affymetrix GeneChip arrays and statistical filtering, 529 genes/transcripts were considered to be differentially expressed in the diabetic rat cavernosum compared with control. Gene Ontology (GO) classification indicated that there was a decrease in numerous extracellular matrix genes (e.g., collagen and elastin related) and an increase in oxidative stress-associated genes in the diabetic rat cavernosum. In addition, PubMatrix literature mining identified differentially expressed genes previously shown to mediate vascular dysfunction [e.g., ceruloplasmin (Cp), lipoprotein lipase, and Cd36] as well as genes involved in the modulation of the smooth muscle phenotype (e.g., Kruppel-like factor 5 and chemokine C-X3-C motif ligand 1). Real-time PCR was used to confirm changes in expression for 23 relevant genes. Further validation of Cp expression in the diabetic rat cavernosum demonstrated increased mRNA levels of the secreted and anchored splice variants of Cp. CP protein levels showed a 1.9-fold increase in tissues from diabetic rats versus controls. Immunohistochemistry demonstrated localization of CP protein in cavernosal sinusoids of control and diabetic animals, including endothelial and smooth muscle layers. Overall, this study broadens the scope of candidate genes and pathways that may be relevant to the pathophysiology of diabetes-induced ED as well as highlights the potential complexity of this disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chris J. Sullivan
- Department of Urology, University of Washington, School of Medicine and Harborview Medical Center, Seattle, WA 98104
| | - Thomas H. Teal
- Department of Urology, University of Washington, School of Medicine and Harborview Medical Center, Seattle, WA 98104
| | - Ian P. Luttrell
- Department of Urology, University of Washington, School of Medicine and Harborview Medical Center, Seattle, WA 98104
| | - Khoa B. Tran
- Department of Urology, University of Washington, School of Medicine and Harborview Medical Center, Seattle, WA 98104
| | - Mette A. Peters
- Center for Expression Arrays, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195
- All correspondence should be addressed to: Hunter Wessells, M.D., F.A.C.S., Department of Urology, Harborview Medical Center, 325 9 Avenue, Box 359868, Seattle, WA 98104-2499, Tel (206) 731-3205, Fax (206) 341-5442,
| | - Hunter Wessells
- Department of Urology, University of Washington, School of Medicine and Harborview Medical Center, Seattle, WA 98104
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Feinberg MW, Lin Z, Fisch S, Jain MK. An emerging role for Krüppel-like factors in vascular biology. Trends Cardiovasc Med 2005; 14:241-6. [PMID: 15451516 DOI: 10.1016/j.tcm.2004.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
The Krüppel-like family of transcription factors play diverse roles regulating cellular differentiation and tissue development. Accumulating evidence supports an important role for these factors in vascular biology. This review examines the current knowledge of this gene family's role in key cell types that critically regulate vessel biology under physiologic and pathologic states.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark W Feinberg
- Cardiovascular Division, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
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Chen C, Zhou Y, Zhou Z, Sun X, Otto KB, Uht RM, Dong JT. Regulation of KLF5 involves the Sp1 transcription factor in human epithelial cells. Gene 2004; 330:133-42. [PMID: 15087132 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2004.01.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2003] [Revised: 12/11/2003] [Accepted: 01/15/2004] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Human Kruppel-like factor 5 (hKLF5) is a transcription factor with a potential tumor suppressor function in prostate and breast cancers. In the majority of cancer samples examined, a significant loss of expression for KLF5 has been detected. Whereas hemizygous deletion appears to be responsible for KLF5's reduced expression in about half of the cases, the mechanism for reduction is unknown in the remaining half; gene promoter methylation does not appear to be involved. In this report, we studied the regulation of KLF5 and cloned and functionally characterized a 1944-bp fragment of the 5'-flanking region of the hKLF5 gene. Several mitogens as well as global demethylation induced the expression of KLF5, implicating multiple factors in the regulation of KLF5. KLF5's promoter lacks a TATA box and has a GC-rich region. Deletion mapping in combination with promoter activity assay showed that multiple cis-elements are involved in the transcriptional regulation of KLF5, some of which may play a repressor role whereas some others play an enhancer role. The Sp1 site between position -239 and -219 is essential for a basal promoter activity. Deletion or mutations of this Sp1 site significantly reduced promoter activity in several epithelial cell lines. Electrophoretic mobility shift assays (EMSAs) revealed that the Sp1 site binds Sp1 protein in nucleic extracts of different cell lines. In addition, overexpression of Sp1 protein transactivates KLF5 promoter activity. These findings suggest that Sp1 is a key transcription factor in KLF5's dynamic transcriptional regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ceshi Chen
- Department of Oncology and Hematology, Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University School of Medicine, 1365-C Clifton Road, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
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Nandan MO, Yoon HS, Zhao W, Ouko LA, Chanchevalap S, Yang VW. Krüppel-like factor 5 mediates the transforming activity of oncogenic H-Ras. Oncogene 2004; 23:3404-13. [PMID: 15077182 PMCID: PMC1351030 DOI: 10.1038/sj.onc.1207397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 112] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Previous studies indicate that Krüppel-like factor 5 (KLF5), also known as intestinal-enriched Krüppel-like factor (IKLF), is a positive regulator of cell proliferation and gives rise to a transformed phenotype when overexpressed. Here we demonstrate that levels of KLF5 transcript and protein are significantly elevated in oncogenic H-Ras-transformed NIH3T3 cells. These cells display an accelerated rate of proliferation in both serum-containing and serum-deprived media and form anchorage-independent colonies in soft agar assays. H-Ras-transformed cells also contain elevated mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) activity. When treated with inhibitors of MEK (MAPK kinase), H-Ras-transformed cells lose their growth advantage and no longer form colonies. Significantly, levels of KLF5 transcript and protein are substantially reduced in H-Ras-transformed cells treated with MEK inhibitors. Moreover, inhibition of KLF5 expression in H-Ras-transformed cells with KLF5-specific small interfering RNA (siRNA) leads to a decreased rate of proliferation and a significant reduction in colony formation. H-Ras-transformed cells also contain elevated levels of Egr1 that are diminished by MEK inhibitors. Inhibition of Egr1 by siRNA results in a reduced level of KLF5, indicating that Egr1 mediates the inductive action of MAPK on KLF5. Lastly, KLF5 activates expression of cyclin D1. These findings indicate that the increased expression of KLF5 in H-Ras-transformed cells is secondary to increased MAPK activity from H-Ras overexpression and that the elevated level of KLF5 is in part responsible for the proproliferative and transforming activities of oncogenic H-Ras.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mandayam O Nandan
- Department of Medicine, Division of Digestive Diseases, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Hong S Yoon
- Department of Medicine, Division of Digestive Diseases, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Weidong Zhao
- Department of Medicine, Division of Digestive Diseases, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Lillian A Ouko
- Department of Medicine, Division of Digestive Diseases, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Sengthong Chanchevalap
- Department of Medicine, Division of Digestive Diseases, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Vincent W Yang
- Department of Medicine, Division of Digestive Diseases, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
- *Correspondence: VW Yang, Department of Medicine, Division of Digestive Diseases, Emory University School of Medicine, 201 Whitehead Research Building, 615 Michael Street, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA; E-mail:
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42
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Kruse JJCM, te Poele JAM, Velds A, Kerkhoven RM, Boersma LJ, Russell NS, Stewart FA. Identification of differentially expressed genes in mouse kidney after irradiation using microarray analysis. Radiat Res 2004; 161:28-38. [PMID: 14680399 DOI: 10.1667/rr3097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Irradiation of the kidney induces dose-dependent, progressive renal functional impairment, which is partly mediated by vascular damage. The molecular mechanisms underlying the development of radiation-induced nephropathy are unclear. Given the complexity of radiation-induced responses, microarrays may offer new opportunities to identify a wider range of genes involved in the development of radiation injury. The aim of the present study was to determine whether microarrays are a useful tool for identifying time-related changes in gene expression and potential mechanisms of radiation-induced nephropathy. Microarray experiments were performed using amplified RNA from irradiated mouse kidneys (1 x 16 Gy) and from sham-irradiated control tissue at different intervals (1-30 weeks) after irradiation. After normalization procedures (using information from straight-color, color-reverse and self-self experiments), the differentially expressed genes were identified. Control and repeat experiments were done to confirm that the observations were not artifacts of the array procedure (RNA amplification, probe synthesis, hybridizations and data analysis). To provide independent confirmation of microarray data, semi-quantitative PCR was performed on a selection of genes. At 1 week after irradiation (before the onset of vascular and functional damage), 16 genes were significantly up-regulated and 9 genes were down-regulated. During the period of developing nephropathy (10 to 20 weeks), 31 and 42 genes were up-regulated and 9 and 4 genes were down-regulated. At the later time of 30 weeks, the vast majority of differentially expressed genes (191 out of 203) were down-regulated. Potential genes of interest included TSA-1 (also known as Ly6e) and Jagged 1 (Jag1). Increased expression of TSA-1, a member of the Ly-6 family, has previously been reported in response to proteinuria. Jagged 1, a ligand for the Notch receptor, is known to play a role in angiogenesis, and is particularly interesting in the context of radiation-induced vascular injury. The present study demonstrates the potential of microarrays to identify changing patterns of gene expression in irradiated kidney. Further studies will be required to evaluate functional involvement of these genes in vascular-mediated normal tissue injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacqueline J C M Kruse
- The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Division of Experimental Therapy (H6),Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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Kruse JJCM, te Poele JAM, Russell NS, Boersma LJ, Stewart FA. Microarray analysis to identify molecular mechanisms of radiation-induced microvascular damage in normal tissues. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2004; 58:420-6. [PMID: 14751511 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2003.09.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Radiation-induced vascular injury can be a serious problem for cancer survivors. In capillary vessels, this manifests as telangiectasia, causing cosmetic problems when occurring in the skin and more serious problems, e.g. excessive bleeding requiring surgery, when occurring in rectal or bladder mucosa. In addition, thrombotic, inflammatory, and fibrogenic events play an important role in the development of late radiation injury in many tissues. However, the sequence of these events and the relationship between various mechanistic pathways is unclear. The purpose of this project is to identify genes that are differentially expressed in tissues with manifest vascular damage, with the ultimate goal of intervening in this process to block the progressive development of tissue injury. METHODS AND MATERIALS Microarray experiments were performed using amplified RNA isolated from irradiated mouse kidney and rectum, and from sham-irradiated controls, at 10 and 20 weeks after treatment. Tissue samples were also taken for histologic evaluation of vascular damage at 10, 20, and 30 weeks after irradiation. Expression profiles for irradiated and sham-irradiated samples were compared, and differentially expressed genes were identified after normalization procedures, using information from straight color, color reverse, and self-self experiments. The extent of overlap in expression profiles for kidney and rectum during the phase of vascular damage was also examined. RESULTS The mouse kidney experiments showed upregulation of 31 genes at 10 weeks and 42 upregulated genes at 20 weeks. Only 20 genes showed significantly increased expression at both time points. Some of these genes were of particular interest in terms of their known involvement in vascular injury and signal transduction pathways. Irradiated mouse rectum had 278 upregulated genes at 10 weeks and 86 upregulated genes at 20 weeks. Only 19 of the genes upregulated during the period of identified telangiectasia (10-20 weeks) were common to both tissues. These included jagged 1 and Kruppel-like factor 5 (KLF5), which are reported to play a role in vascular development and remodeling. CONCLUSIONS Microarray analysis of RNA from irradiated normal tissues is an effective tool for identifying new genes of potential interest in the development of late tissue injury. Such experiments should be regarded as generating testable hypotheses for mechanisms of radiation-induced injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacqueline J C M Kruse
- Division of Experimental Therapy (H6), The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Plesmanlaan 121, 1066 CX Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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Bateman NW, Tan D, Pestell RG, Black JD, Black AR. Intestinal tumor progression is associated with altered function of KLF5. J Biol Chem 2004; 279:12093-101. [PMID: 14726538 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m311532200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 107] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Krüppel-like transcription factors have been linked to cell growth regulation and tumorigenesis in a number of systems. In the intestinal epithelium, expression of KLF5 (IKLF/BTEB2) is limited to proliferating crypt cells, indicating a growth-promoting role. Consistent with this role, we demonstrate that expression of KLF5 in non-transformed intestinal epithelial cells (ileal IEC-18 and Immorto-Min Colon Epithelial (IMCE) cells) enhances colony formation, cyclin D1 transcription, and cell growth. However, in contrast to these effects in non-transformed cells, KLF5 reduced colony number, failed to enhance cyclin D1 transcription, and was negatively correlated with cell growth in colon cancer cell lines. The relationship between tumor progression and KLF5 was further investigated using Ras-mediated transformation of IEC-18 and IMCE cells as syngeneic models. Ras-transformation recapitulated differences in the effects of KLF5 on cell growth and cyclin D1 transcription, providing a direct link between intestinal tumor progression and altered function of KLF5. Ras-transformation also markedly down-regulated KLF5; further analysis indicated that reduced expression of KLF5 mRNA and destabilization of KLF5 protein occur in intestinal tumors. Reduced levels of KLF5 mRNA were also detected in APC(min) mouse and human familial adenomatous polyposis adenomas compared with normal crypt epithelium, indicating that down-regulation of KLF5 is an early event in intestinal tumorigenesis in vivo. Collectively, these data indicate that intestinal tumor progression is associated with a change in the growth-related functions of KLF5 and that intestinal tumors down-regulate KLF5 expression by multiple mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas W Bateman
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Elm & Carlton Streets, Buffalo, NY 14263, USA
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45
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Miyamoto S, Suzuki T, Muto S, Aizawa K, Kimura A, Mizuno Y, Nagino T, Imai Y, Adachi N, Horikoshi M, Nagai R. Positive and negative regulation of the cardiovascular transcription factor KLF5 by p300 and the oncogenic regulator SET through interaction and acetylation on the DNA-binding domain. Mol Cell Biol 2003; 23:8528-41. [PMID: 14612398 PMCID: PMC262669 DOI: 10.1128/mcb.23.23.8528-8541.2003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Here we show a novel pathway of transcriptional regulation of a DNA-binding transcription factor by coupled interaction and modification (e.g., acetylation) through the DNA-binding domain (DBD). The oncogenic regulator SET was isolated by affinity purification of factors interacting with the DBD of the cardiovascular transcription factor KLF5. SET negatively regulated KLF5 DNA binding, transactivation, and cell-proliferative activities. Down-regulation of the negative regulator SET was seen in response to KLF5-mediated gene activation. The coactivator/acetylase p300, on the other hand, interacted with and acetylated KLF5 DBD, and activated its transcription. Interestingly, SET inhibited KLF5 acetylation, and a nonacetylated mutant of KLF5 showed reduced transcriptional activation and cell growth complementary to the actions of SET. These findings suggest a new pathway for regulation of a DNA-binding transcription factor on the DBD through interaction and coupled acetylation by two opposing regulatory factors of a coactivator/acetylase and a negative cofactor harboring activity to inhibit acetylation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saku Miyamoto
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8655, Japan
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Abstract
Differentiated smooth muscle cells (SMCs) remain highly plastic, enabling them to alter their phenotype in response to environmental and pathologic stimuli. SMCs in vascular pathologies such as atherosclerosis exhibit phenotypes clearly different from those of the mature cells in normal blood vessels. These phenotypically modulated SMCs play an integral role in the development of vascular diseases. This review addresses recent progress in our understanding of the mechanisms that control SMC phenotype during vascular development and in vascular disease. A particular focus is on the transcriptional control programs of the differentiated state of SMCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ichiro Manabe
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine and Department of Clinical Bioinformatics, Graduate School of Medicine, University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo, Tokyo 113-8655, Japan
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47
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Shindo T, Manabe I, Fukushima Y, Tobe K, Aizawa K, Miyamoto S, Kawai-Kowase K, Moriyama N, Imai Y, Kawakami H, Nishimatsu H, Ishikawa T, Suzuki T, Morita H, Maemura K, Sata M, Hirata Y, Komukai M, Kagechika H, Kadowaki T, Kurabayashi M, Nagai R. Krüppel-like zinc-finger transcription factor KLF5/BTEB2 is a target for angiotensin II signaling and an essential regulator of cardiovascular remodeling. Nat Med 2002; 8:856-63. [PMID: 12101409 DOI: 10.1038/nm738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 304] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
We recently isolated a Krüppel-like zinc-finger transcription factor 5 (KLF5; also known as BTEB2 and IKLF), which is markedly induced in activated vascular smooth-muscle cells and fibroblasts. Here we describe our analysis of the in vivo function of KLF5 using heterozygous KLF5-knockout mice (Klf5(+/-)). In response to external stress, Klf5(+/-) mice showed diminished levels of arterial-wall thickening, angiogenesis, cardiac hypertrophy and interstitial fibrosis. Also, angiotensin II induced expression of KLF5, which in turn activated platelet-derived growth factor-A (PDGF-A) and transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-beta) expression. In addition, we determined that KLF5 interacted with the retinoic-acid receptor (RAR), that synthetic RAR ligands modulated KLF5 transcriptional activity, and that in vivo administration of RAR ligands affected stress responses in the cardiovascular system in a KLF5-dependent manner. KLF5 thus seems to be a key element linking external stress and cardiovascular remodeling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takayuki Shindo
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
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Nagai R, Suzuki T, Aizawa K, Miyamoto S, Amaki T, Kawai-Kowase K, Sekiguchi KI, Kurabayashi M. Phenotypic modulation of vascular smooth muscle cells: dissection of transcriptional regulatory mechanisms. Ann N Y Acad Sci 2001; 947:56-66; discussion 66-7. [PMID: 11795310 DOI: 10.1111/j.1749-6632.2001.tb03930.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
The smooth muscle myosin heavy chain (MHC) gene and its isoforms are excellent molecular markers that reflect smooth muscle phenotypes. The SMemb/Nonmuscle Myosin Heavy Chain B (NMHC-B) is a distinct MHC gene expressed predominantly in phenotypically modulated SMCs (synthetic-type SMC). To dissect the molecular mechanisms governing phenotypic modulation of SMCs, we analyzed the transcriptional regulatory mechanisms underlying expression of the SMemb gene. We previously reported two transcription factors, BTEB2/IKLF and Hex, which transactivate the SMemb gene promoter based on the transient reporter transfection assays. BTEB2/IKLF is a zinc finger transcription factor, whereas Hex is a homeobox protein. BTEB2/IKLF expression in SMCs is downregulated with vascular development in vivo but upregulated in cultured SMCs and in neointima in response to vascular injury after balloon angioplasty. BTEB2/IKLF and Hex activate not only the SMemb gene but also other genes activated in synthetic SMCs including plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1), iNOS, PDGF-A, Egr-1, and VEGF receptors. Mitogenic stimulation activates BTEB2/IKLF gene expression through MEK1 and Egr-1. Elevation of intracellular cAMP is also important in phenotypic modulation of SMCs, because the SMemb promoter is activated under cooperatively by cAMP-response element binding protein (CREB) and Hex.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Nagai
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Tokyo, Japan
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Black AR, Black JD, Azizkhan-Clifford J. Sp1 and krüppel-like factor family of transcription factors in cell growth regulation and cancer. J Cell Physiol 2001; 188:143-60. [PMID: 11424081 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.1111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 830] [Impact Index Per Article: 36.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The Sp/KLF family contains at least twenty identified members which include Sp1-4 and numerous krüppel-like factors. Members of the family bind with varying affinities to sequences designated as 'Sp1 sites' (e.g., GC-boxes, CACCC-boxes, and basic transcription elements). Family members have different transcriptional properties and can modulate each other's activity by a variety of mechanisms. Since cells can express multiple family members, Sp/KLF factors are likely to make up a transcriptional network through which gene expression can be fine-tuned. 'Sp1 site'-dependent transcription can be growth-regulated, and the activity, expression, and/or post-translational modification of multiple family members is altered with cell growth. Furthermore, Sp/KLF factors are involved in many growth-related signal transduction pathways and their overexpression can have positive or negative effects on proliferation. In addition to growth control, Sp/KLF factors have been implicated in apoptosis and angiogenesis; thus, the family is involved in several aspects of tumorigenesis. Consistent with a role in cancer, Sp/KLF factors interact with oncogenes and tumor suppressors, they can be oncogenic themselves, and altered expression of family members has been detected in tumors. Effects of changes in Sp/KLF factors are context-dependent and can appear contradictory. Since these factors act within a network, this diversity of effects may arise from differences in the expression profile of family members in various cells. Thus, it is likely that the properties of the overall network of Sp/KLF factors play a determining role in regulation of cell growth and tumor progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- A R Black
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, New York 14263, USA.
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Sun R, Chen X, Yang VW. Intestinal-enriched Krüppel-like factor (Krüppel-like factor 5) is a positive regulator of cellular proliferation. J Biol Chem 2001; 276:6897-900. [PMID: 11152667 PMCID: PMC2268089 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.c000870200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 127] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Intestinal-enriched Krüppel-like factor (IKLF or KLF5) belongs to the family of mammalian Krüppel-like transcription factors. Previous studies indicate that expression of IKLF is enriched in the proliferating crypt epithelial cells of the intestinal tract. However, the biological function of IKLF is unknown. In the current study, we have shown that the level of IKLF mRNA was nearly undetectable in serum-deprived NIH3T3 fibroblasts but became acutely and significantly increased upon the addition of fetal bovine serum or the phorbol ester, PMA. This induction required protein synthesis because it was prevented by cycloheximide. Transfection of IKLF into NIH3T3 cells resulted in the formation of foci in a manner similar to that caused by the activated Ha-ras oncogene. Constitutive expression of IKLF in transfected NIH3T3 cells significantly increased the rate of proliferation when compared with cells transfected with an empty vector. The growth of IKLF-transfected cells was no longer inhibited by cell-cell contact or by low serum content. Moreover, these cells proliferated in an anchorage-independent fashion. We conclude that IKLF encodes a delayed early response gene product that positively regulates cellular proliferation and may give rise to a transformed phenotype when overexpressed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ronggai Sun
- Department of Medicine, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21205
| | - Xinming Chen
- Department of Medicine, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21205
| | - Vincent W. Yang
- Department of Medicine, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21205
- Department of Biological Chemistry, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21205
- ¶ To whom correspondence should be addressed: Dept. of Medicine, Ross 918, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 720 Rutland Ave., Baltimore, MD 21205. Tel.: 410-955-9691; Fax: 410-955-9677; E-mail:
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