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Huang K, Ma T, Li Q, Zhong Z, Zhou Y, Zhang W, Qin T, Tang S, Zhong J, Lu S. Novel polymorphisms in CYP4A22 associated with susceptibility to coronary heart disease. BMC Med Genomics 2024; 17:66. [PMID: 38438909 PMCID: PMC10913669 DOI: 10.1186/s12920-024-01833-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2023] [Accepted: 02/12/2024] [Indexed: 03/06/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Coronary heart disease (CHD) has become a worldwide public health problem. Genetic factors are considered important risk factors for CHD. The aim of this study was to explore the correlation between CYP4A22 gene polymorphism and CHD susceptibility in the Chinese Han population. METHODS We used SNPStats online software to complete the association analysis among 962 volunteers. False-positive report probability analysis was used to confirm whether a positive result is noteworthy. Haploview software and SNPStats were used for haplotype analysis and linkage disequilibrium. Multi-factor dimensionality reduction was applied to evaluate the interaction between candidate SNPs. RESULTS In overall and some stratified analyses (male, age ≤ 60 years or CHD patients complicated with hypertension), CYP4A22-rs12564525 (overall, OR = 0.83, p-value is 0.042) and CYP4A22-rs2056900 (overall, OR = 1.22, p-value is 0.032) were associated with the risk of CHD. CYP4A22-4926581 was associated with increased CHD risk only in some stratified analyses. FPRP indicated that all positive results in our study are noteworthy findings. In addition, MDR showed that the single-locus model composed of rs2056900 is the best model for predicting susceptibility to CHD. CONCLUSION There are significant associations between susceptibility to CHD and CYP4A22 rs12564525, and rs2056900.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kang Huang
- Department of cardiovascular medicine, Central South University Xiangya School of Medicine Affiliated Haikou Hospital, No. 43, Renmin Avenue, Haidian Island, 570100, Haikou, Hainan, China
| | - Tianyi Ma
- Department of cardiovascular medicine, Central South University Xiangya School of Medicine Affiliated Haikou Hospital, No. 43, Renmin Avenue, Haidian Island, 570100, Haikou, Hainan, China
| | - Qiang Li
- Department of cardiovascular medicine, Central South University Xiangya School of Medicine Affiliated Haikou Hospital, No. 43, Renmin Avenue, Haidian Island, 570100, Haikou, Hainan, China
| | - Zanrui Zhong
- Department of cardiovascular medicine, Central South University Xiangya School of Medicine Affiliated Haikou Hospital, No. 43, Renmin Avenue, Haidian Island, 570100, Haikou, Hainan, China
| | - Yilei Zhou
- Medical College, Jingchu University of Technology, Jingmen, Hubei, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Department of cardiovascular medicine, Central South University Xiangya School of Medicine Affiliated Haikou Hospital, No. 43, Renmin Avenue, Haidian Island, 570100, Haikou, Hainan, China
| | - Ting Qin
- Department of cardiovascular medicine, Central South University Xiangya School of Medicine Affiliated Haikou Hospital, No. 43, Renmin Avenue, Haidian Island, 570100, Haikou, Hainan, China
| | - Shilin Tang
- Department of cardiovascular medicine, Central South University Xiangya School of Medicine Affiliated Haikou Hospital, No. 43, Renmin Avenue, Haidian Island, 570100, Haikou, Hainan, China
| | - Jianghua Zhong
- Department of cardiovascular medicine, Central South University Xiangya School of Medicine Affiliated Haikou Hospital, No. 43, Renmin Avenue, Haidian Island, 570100, Haikou, Hainan, China.
| | - Shijuan Lu
- Department of cardiovascular medicine, Central South University Xiangya School of Medicine Affiliated Haikou Hospital, No. 43, Renmin Avenue, Haidian Island, 570100, Haikou, Hainan, China.
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Zhang Y, Liu Y, Sun J, Zhang W, Guo Z, Ma Q. Arachidonic acid metabolism in health and disease. MedComm (Beijing) 2023; 4:e363. [PMID: 37746665 PMCID: PMC10511835 DOI: 10.1002/mco2.363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2023] [Revised: 08/13/2023] [Accepted: 08/17/2023] [Indexed: 09/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Arachidonic acid (AA), an n-6 essential fatty acid, is a major component of mammalian cells and can be released by phospholipase A2. Accumulating evidence indicates that AA plays essential biochemical roles, as it is the direct precursor of bioactive lipid metabolites of eicosanoids such as prostaglandins, leukotrienes, and epoxyeicosatrienoic acid obtained from three distinct enzymatic metabolic pathways: the cyclooxygenase pathway, lipoxygenase pathway, and cytochrome P450 pathway. AA metabolism is involved not only in cell differentiation, tissue development, and organ function but also in the progression of diseases, such as hepatic fibrosis, neurodegeneration, obesity, diabetes, and cancers. These eicosanoids are generally considered proinflammatory molecules, as they can trigger oxidative stress and stimulate the immune response. Therefore, interventions in AA metabolic pathways are effective ways to manage inflammatory-related diseases in the clinic. Currently, inhibitors targeting enzymes related to AA metabolic pathways are an important area of drug discovery. Moreover, many advances have also been made in clinical studies of AA metabolic inhibitors in combination with chemotherapy and immunotherapy. Herein, we review the discovery of AA and focus on AA metabolism in relation to health and diseases. Furthermore, inhibitors targeting AA metabolism are summarized, and potential clinical applications are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiran Zhang
- Department of Orthopedic SurgeryOrthopedic Oncology InstituteThe Second Affiliated Hospital of Air Force Medical UniversityXi'anChina
| | - Yingxiang Liu
- Department of Orthopedic SurgeryOrthopedic Oncology InstituteThe Second Affiliated Hospital of Air Force Medical UniversityXi'anChina
| | - Jin Sun
- Department of Orthopedic SurgeryOrthopedic Oncology InstituteThe Second Affiliated Hospital of Air Force Medical UniversityXi'anChina
| | - Wei Zhang
- Department of PathologyThe Second Affiliated Hospital of Air Force Medical UniversityXi'anChina
| | - Zheng Guo
- Department of Orthopedic SurgeryOrthopedic Oncology InstituteThe Second Affiliated Hospital of Air Force Medical UniversityXi'anChina
| | - Qiong Ma
- Department of Orthopedic SurgeryOrthopedic Oncology InstituteThe Second Affiliated Hospital of Air Force Medical UniversityXi'anChina
- Department of PathologyThe Second Affiliated Hospital of Air Force Medical UniversityXi'anChina
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Association of CYP2C19 Polymorphic Markers with Cardiovascular Disease Risk Factors in Gas Industry Workers Undergoing Periodic Medical Examinations. High Blood Press Cardiovasc Prev 2023; 30:151-165. [PMID: 36840850 DOI: 10.1007/s40292-023-00567-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2022] [Accepted: 02/08/2023] [Indexed: 02/26/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Human cytochrome P450 (CYP) enzymes have a wide range of endogenous substrates and play a crucial role in cardiovascular physiology as well as in metabolic processes, so the issue of cytochrome P450 genes investigation has received considerable critical attention in the prevention of cardiovascular diseases (CVDs). AIM Comprehensive assessment of relationship between CYP2C19*2, CYP2C19*3 polymorphisms and CVD risk factors in gas industry workers undergoing periodic medical examination (PME). MATERIALS AND METHODS The study included 193 gas industry workers aged 30-55 years without acute diseases as well as exacerbations of chronic diseases, diabetes mellitus, and CVD history. CYP2C19 (rs4244285 and rs4986893) genotyping and analysis of the relationship between CYP2C19*2 and CYP2C19*3 and CVD risk factors were performed. RESULTS The CYP2C19*2 (A) and CYP2C19*3 (A) loss-of-function alleles frequencies were 20% and 2%, respectively. The frequency of high-normal blood pressure (BP) (130-139 and/or 85-89 mm Hg) detection was higher in the CYP2C19*2 (A) subgroup compared with wild-type GG allele carriers (26.7% vs. 5.2%, p = 0.03) in individuals without arterial hypertension (AH) and BP ≥ 140 and/or 90 mm Hg on PME. The median systolic BP levels were 5 mm Hg higher in CYP2C19*2 (A) group than in CYP2C19*2 (GG) group (125 vs. 120 mm Hg, p = 0.01). There was a similar trend for diastolic BP (85 vs. 80 mmHg, p = 0.08). CYP2C19*2 (A) was associated with higher mean levels of both systolic and diastolic BP (p = 0.015 and p = 0.044, respectively) in patients with AH. CYP2C19*2 was not associated with the other CVD risk factors analyzed. CONCLUSION The association of CYP2C19*2 with BP level suggests a possible role of this factor in AH development, which requires further research.
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Pascale JV, Wolf A, Kadish Y, Diegisser D, Kulaprathazhe MM, Yemane D, Ali S, Kim N, Baruch DE, Yahaya MAF, Dirice E, Adebesin AM, Falck JR, Schwartzman ML, Garcia V. 20-Hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid (20-HETE): Bioactions, receptors, vascular function, cardiometabolic disease and beyond. ADVANCES IN PHARMACOLOGY (SAN DIEGO, CALIF.) 2023; 97:229-255. [PMID: 37236760 PMCID: PMC10683332 DOI: 10.1016/bs.apha.2023.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/19/2023]
Abstract
Vascular function is dynamically regulated and dependent on a bevy of cell types and factors that work in concert across the vasculature. The vasoactive eicosanoid, 20-Hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid (20-HETE) is a key player in this system influencing the sensitivity of the vasculature to constrictor stimuli, regulating endothelial function, and influencing the renin angiotensin system (RAS), as well as being a driver of vascular remodeling independent of blood pressure elevations. Several of these bioactions are accomplished through the ligand-receptor pairing between 20-HETE and its high-affinity receptor, GPR75. This 20-HETE axis is at the root of various vascular pathologies and processes including ischemia induced angiogenesis, arteriogenesis, septic shock, hypertension, atherosclerosis, myocardial infarction and cardiometabolic diseases including diabetes and insulin resistance. Pharmacologically, several preclinical tools have been developed to disrupt the 20-HETE axis including 20-HETE synthesis inhibitors (DDMS and HET0016), synthetic 20-HETE agonist analogues (20-5,14-HEDE and 20-5,14-HEDGE) and 20-HETE receptor blockers (AAA and 20-SOLA). Systemic or cell-specific therapeutic targeting of the 20-HETE-GPR75 axis continues to be an invaluable approach as studies examine the molecular underpinnings activated by 20-HETE under various physiological settings. In particular, the development and characterization of 20-HETE receptor blockers look to be a promising new class of compounds that can provide a considerable benefit to patients suffering from these cardiovascular pathologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan V Pascale
- Department of Pharmacology, New York Medical College, Valhalla, NY, United States
| | - Alexandra Wolf
- Department of Pharmacology, New York Medical College, Valhalla, NY, United States
| | - Yonaton Kadish
- School of Medicine, New York Medical College, Valhalla, NY, United States
| | - Danielle Diegisser
- Department of Pharmacology, New York Medical College, Valhalla, NY, United States
| | | | - Danait Yemane
- Department of Pharmacology, New York Medical College, Valhalla, NY, United States
| | - Samir Ali
- School of Medicine, New York Medical College, Valhalla, NY, United States
| | - Namhee Kim
- School of Medicine, New York Medical College, Valhalla, NY, United States
| | - David E Baruch
- School of Medicine, New York Medical College, Valhalla, NY, United States
| | - Muhamad Afiq Faisal Yahaya
- Department of Basic Sciences, MAHSA University, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia; Department of Human Anatomy, Universiti Putra Malaysia (UPM), Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia
| | - Ercument Dirice
- Department of Pharmacology, New York Medical College, Valhalla, NY, United States
| | - Adeniyi M Adebesin
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, United States
| | - John R Falck
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, United States
| | - Michal L Schwartzman
- Department of Pharmacology, New York Medical College, Valhalla, NY, United States
| | - Victor Garcia
- Department of Pharmacology, New York Medical College, Valhalla, NY, United States.
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Zhang Y, Gao L, Yao B, Huang S, Zhang Y, Liu J, Liu Z, Wang X. Role of epoxyeicosatrienoic acids in cardiovascular diseases and cardiotoxicity of drugs. Life Sci 2022; 310:121122. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2022.121122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2022] [Revised: 10/19/2022] [Accepted: 10/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Hirunpattarasilp C, Barkaway A, Davis H, Pfeiffer T, Sethi H, Attwell D. Hyperoxia evokes pericyte-mediated capillary constriction. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab 2022; 42:2032-2047. [PMID: 35786054 PMCID: PMC9580167 DOI: 10.1177/0271678x221111598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Oxygen supplementation is regularly prescribed to patients to treat or prevent hypoxia. However, excess oxygenation can lead to reduced cerebral blood flow (CBF) in healthy subjects and worsen the neurological outcome of critically ill patients. Most studies on the vascular effects of hyperoxia focus on arteries but there is no research on the effects on cerebral capillary pericytes, which are major regulators of CBF. Here, we used bright-field imaging of cerebral capillaries and modeling of CBF to show that hyperoxia (95% superfused O2) led to an increase in intracellular calcium level in pericytes and a significant capillary constriction, sufficient to cause an estimated 25% decrease in CBF. Although hyperoxia is reported to cause vascular smooth muscle cell contraction via generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), endothelin-1 and 20-HETE, we found that increased cytosolic and mitochondrial ROS levels and endothelin release were not involved in the pericyte-mediated capillary constriction. However, a 20-HETE synthesis blocker greatly reduced the hyperoxia-evoked capillary constriction. Our findings establish pericytes as regulators of CBF in hyperoxia and 20-HETE synthesis as an oxygen sensor in CBF regulation. The results also provide a mechanism by which clinically administered oxygen can lead to a worse neurological outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chanawee Hirunpattarasilp
- Department of Neuroscience, Physiology and Pharmacology, University College London, Gower Street, London, UK.,Princess Srisavangavadhana College of Medicine, Chulabhorn Royal Academy, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Anna Barkaway
- Department of Neuroscience, Physiology and Pharmacology, University College London, Gower Street, London, UK.,Princess Srisavangavadhana College of Medicine, Chulabhorn Royal Academy, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Harvey Davis
- Department of Neuroscience, Physiology and Pharmacology, University College London, Gower Street, London, UK.,Princess Srisavangavadhana College of Medicine, Chulabhorn Royal Academy, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Thomas Pfeiffer
- Department of Neuroscience, Physiology and Pharmacology, University College London, Gower Street, London, UK
| | - Huma Sethi
- Division of Neurosurgery, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, Queen Square, London, UK
| | - David Attwell
- Department of Neuroscience, Physiology and Pharmacology, University College London, Gower Street, London, UK
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Yamaguchi A, Botta E, Holinstat M. Eicosanoids in inflammation in the blood and the vessel. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:997403. [PMID: 36238558 PMCID: PMC9551235 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.997403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2022] [Accepted: 09/05/2022] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) are structural components of membrane phospholipids in cells. PUFAs regulate cellular function through the formation of derived lipid mediators termed eicosanoids. The oxygenation of 20-carbon PUFAs via the oxygenases cyclooxygenases, lipoxygenases, or cytochrome P450, generates a class of classical eicosanoids including prostaglandins, thromboxanes and leukotrienes, and also the more recently identified hydroxy-, hydroperoxy-, epoxy- and oxo-eicosanoids, and the specialized pro-resolving (lipid) mediators. These eicosanoids play a critical role in the regulation of inflammation in the blood and the vessel. While arachidonic acid-derived eicosanoids are extensively studied due to their pro-inflammatory effects and therefore involvement in the pathogenesis of inflammatory diseases such as atherosclerosis, diabetes mellitus, hypertension, and the coronavirus disease 2019; in recent years, several eicosanoids have been reported to attenuate exacerbated inflammatory responses and participate in the resolution of inflammation. This review focused on elucidating the biosynthesis and the mechanistic signaling of eicosanoids in inflammation, as well as the pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory effects of these eicosanoids in the blood and the vascular wall.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adriana Yamaguchi
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | - Eliana Botta
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | - Michael Holinstat
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, United States,Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, United States,*Correspondence: Michael Holinstat,
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Gao L, Kong X, Wu W, Feng Z, Zhi H, Zhang Z, Long H, Lei M, Hou J, Wu W, Guo DA. Dissecting the Regulation of Arachidonic Acid Metabolites by Uncaria rhynchophylla (Miq). Miq. in Spontaneously Hypertensive Rats and the Predictive Target sEH in the Anti-Hypertensive Effect Based on Metabolomics and Molecular Docking. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:909631. [PMID: 35712719 PMCID: PMC9196077 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.909631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2022] [Accepted: 05/16/2022] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Uncariarhynchophylla (Miq). Miq. (UR), as a traditional Chinese medicine, was employed in treating hypertension as a safe and effective therapy. The pharmacological properties of UR have characteristics of multiple biological targets and multiple functional pathways. Hypertension is related to impaired metabolic homeostasis and is especially associated with the abnormal regulation of arachidonic acid metabolites, the classical cardiovascular active compounds. This study aimed to examine the anti-hypertensive effect of UR extract (URE) and its regulating role in differential metabolic pathways. The results showed that daily administration of URE at a dose of 4 g crude drug/kg orally could exert hypotensive effects on spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHRs) for 8 weeks. Non-targeted metabolomics analysis of the plasma samples suggested that the anti-hypertension effect of URE in SHRs was associated with the reorganization of the perturbed metabolic network, such as the pathways of glycerophospholipid metabolism, linoleic acid metabolism, and arachidonic acid metabolism. For the targeted metabolomics, twenty-eight arachidonic acid metabolites in SHRs were quantitatively analyzed for the first time based on ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry method after URE administration. URE restored the functions of these cardiovascular active compounds and rebalanced the dynamics of arachidonic acid metabolic flux. Among them, the inhibition of soluble epoxide hydrolase (sEH) enzyme activity and up-regulation of vasodilators epoxyeicosatrienoic acids (EETs) were identified as contributors to the anti-hypertension effect of URE on SHRs, and sEH represented an attractive and promising drug-binding target of URE. With the molecular docking approach, 13 potential anti-hypertension ingredients as well as sEH inhibitors were discovered, which were worthy of further investigation and verification in future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Gao
- National Engineering Laboratory for TCM Standardization Technology, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xinqin Kong
- National Engineering Laboratory for TCM Standardization Technology, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Wenyong Wu
- National Engineering Laboratory for TCM Standardization Technology, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Zijin Feng
- National Engineering Laboratory for TCM Standardization Technology, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Haijuan Zhi
- National Engineering Laboratory for TCM Standardization Technology, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Zijia Zhang
- National Engineering Laboratory for TCM Standardization Technology, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Huali Long
- National Engineering Laboratory for TCM Standardization Technology, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Min Lei
- National Engineering Laboratory for TCM Standardization Technology, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Jinjun Hou
- National Engineering Laboratory for TCM Standardization Technology, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
- *Correspondence: Jinjun Hou, ; Wanying Wu,
| | - Wanying Wu
- National Engineering Laboratory for TCM Standardization Technology, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Jinjun Hou, ; Wanying Wu,
| | - De-an Guo
- National Engineering Laboratory for TCM Standardization Technology, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
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Froogh G, Garcia V, Laniado Schwartzman M. The CYP/20-HETE/GPR75 axis in hypertension. ADVANCES IN PHARMACOLOGY 2022; 94:1-25. [PMID: 35659370 PMCID: PMC10123763 DOI: 10.1016/bs.apha.2022.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
20-Hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid (20-HETE) is a bioactive lipid generated from the ω-hydroxylation of arachidonic acid (AA) by enzymes of the cytochrome P450 (CYP) family, primarily the CYP4A and CYP4F subfamilies. 20-HETE is most notably identified as a modulator of vascular tone, regulator of renal function, and a contributor to the onset and development of hypertension and cardiovascular disease. 20-HETE-mediated signaling promotes hypertension by sensitizing the vasculature to constrictor stimuli, inducing endothelial dysfunction, and potentiating vascular inflammation. These bioactions are driven by the activation of the G-protein coupled receptor 75 (GPR75), a 20-HETE receptor (20HR). Given the capacity of 20-HETE signaling to drive pro-hypertensive mechanisms, the CYP/20-HETE/GPR75 axis has the potential to be a significant therapeutic target for the treatment of hypertension and cardiovascular diseases associated with increases in blood pressure. In this chapter, we review 20-HETE-mediated cellular mechanisms that promote hypertension, highlight important data in humans such as genetic variants in the CYP genes that potentiate 20-HETE production and describe recent findings in humans with 20HR/GPR75 mutations. Special emphasis is given to the 20HR and respective receptor blockers that have the potential to pave a path to translational and clinical studies for the treatment of 20-HETE-driven hypertension, and obesity/metabolic syndrome.
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Yi X, Zhou Q, Qing T, Ming B, Lin J, Li J, Lin J. 20-hydroxyeiscosatetraenoic acid may be as a predictor of malignant middle cerebral artery infarction in patients with massive middle cerebral artery infarction. BMC Neurol 2021; 21:437. [PMID: 34753429 PMCID: PMC8576932 DOI: 10.1186/s12883-021-02456-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2020] [Accepted: 10/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Early identification of massive middle cerebral artery infarction (MCAI) at risk for malignant MCAI (m-MCAI) may be useful in selecting patients for aggressive therapies. The aim of this study was to determine whether CYP metabolites may help to predict impending m-MCAI. Methods This is a prospective, two-center observational study in 256 patients with acute massive MCAI. Plasma levels of 20-hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid (20-HETE), epoxyeicosatrienoic acids, and dihydroxyeicosatrienoic acids were measured at admission. Brain computed tomography (CT) was performed at admission and repeated between day 3 and 7, or earlier if there was neurological deterioration. The primary outcome was m-MCAI. The m-MCAI was diagnosed when follow-up brain CT detected a more than two-thirds space-occupying MCAI with midline shift, compression of the basal cisterns, and neurological worsening. Results In total of 256 enrolled patients, 77 (30.1%) patients developed m-MCAI. Among the 77 patients with m-MCAI, 60 (77.9%) patients died during 3 months of stroke onset. 20-HETE level on admission was significantly higher in patients with m-MCAI than those without m-MCAI. There was an increase in the risk of m-MCAI with increase of 20-HETE levels. The third and fourth quartiles of 20-HETE levels were independent predictors of m-MCAI (OR: 2.86; 95% CI: 1.16 – 6.68; P = 0.025, and OR: 4.23; 95% CI: 1.35 – 8.26; P = 0.002, respectively). Conclusions Incidence of m-MCAI was high in patients with massive MCAI and the prognosis of m-MCAI is very poor. Elevated plasma 20-HETE may be as a predictor for m-MCAI in acute massive MCAI, and it might useful in clinical practice in therapeutic decision making.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xingyang Yi
- Department of Neurology, People's Hospital of Deyang City, Deyang, 618000, Sichuan, China
| | - Qiang Zhou
- Department of Neurology, the Third Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325200, Zhejiang, China
| | - Ting Qing
- Department of Neurology, People's Hospital of Deyang City, Deyang, 618000, Sichuan, China
| | - Bing Ming
- Department of Radiology, People's Hospital of Deyang City, Deyang, 618000, Sichuan, China
| | - Jing Lin
- Department of Neurology, the Third Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325200, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jie Li
- Department of Neurology, People's Hospital of Deyang City, Deyang, 618000, Sichuan, China
| | - Jie Lin
- Department of PET/CT, the First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325000, Zhejiang, China.
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Zhou Y, Khan H, Xiao J, Cheang WS. Effects of Arachidonic Acid Metabolites on Cardiovascular Health and Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:12029. [PMID: 34769460 PMCID: PMC8584625 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222112029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2021] [Revised: 10/29/2021] [Accepted: 11/04/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Arachidonic acid (AA) is an essential fatty acid that is released by phospholipids in cell membranes and metabolized by cyclooxygenase (COX), cytochrome P450 (CYP) enzymes, and lipid oxygenase (LOX) pathways to regulate complex cardiovascular function under physiological and pathological conditions. Various AA metabolites include prostaglandins, prostacyclin, thromboxanes, hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acids, leukotrienes, lipoxins, and epoxyeicosatrienoic acids. The AA metabolites play important and differential roles in the modulation of vascular tone, and cardiovascular complications including atherosclerosis, hypertension, and myocardial infarction upon actions to different receptors and vascular beds. This article reviews the roles of AA metabolism in cardiovascular health and disease as well as their potential therapeutic implication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Zhou
- Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, University of Macau, Avenida da Universidade, Taipa, Macau 999078, China;
| | - Haroon Khan
- Department of Pharmacy, Abdul Wali Khan University, Mardan 23200, Pakistan;
| | - Jianbo Xiao
- Department of Analytical Chemistry and Food Science, Faculty of Food Science and Technology, University of Vigo, 36310 Vigo, Spain;
- International Research Center for Food Nutrition and Safety, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
| | - Wai San Cheang
- Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, University of Macau, Avenida da Universidade, Taipa, Macau 999078, China;
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Pascale JV, Lucchesi PA, Garcia V. Unraveling the Role of 12- and 20- HETE in Cardiac Pathophysiology: G-Protein-Coupled Receptors, Pharmacological Inhibitors, and Transgenic Approaches. J Cardiovasc Pharmacol 2021; 77:707-717. [PMID: 34016841 PMCID: PMC8523029 DOI: 10.1097/fjc.0000000000001013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2020] [Accepted: 03/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
ABSTRACT Arachidonic acid-derived lipid mediators play crucial roles in the development and progression of cardiovascular diseases. Eicosanoid metabolites generated by lipoxygenases and cytochrome P450 enzymes produce several classes of molecules, including the epoxyeicosatrienoic acid (EET) and hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acids (HETE) family of bioactive lipids. In general, the cardioprotective effects of EETs have been documented across a number of cardiac diseases. In contrast, members of the HETE family have been shown to contribute to the pathogenesis of ischemic cardiac disease, maladaptive cardiac hypertrophy, and heart failure. The net effect of 12(S)- and 20-HETE depends upon the relative amounts generated, ratio of HETEs:EETs produced, timing of synthesis, as well as cellular and subcellular mechanisms activated by each respective metabolite. HETEs are synthesized by and affect multiple cell types within the myocardium. Moreover, cytochrome P450-derived and lipoxygenase- derived metabolites have been shown to directly influence cardiac myocyte growth and the regulation of cardiac fibroblasts. The mechanistic data uncovered thus far have employed the use of enzyme inhibitors, HETE antagonists, and the genetic manipulation of lipid-producing enzymes and their respective receptors, all of which influence a complex network of outcomes that complicate data interpretation. This review will summarize and integrate recent findings on the role of 12(S)-/20-HETE in cardiac diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Victor Garcia
- Department of Pharmacology, New York Medical College, Valhalla, NY
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13
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Voggel J, Lubomirov L, Lechner F, Fink G, Nüsken E, Wohlfarth M, Pfitzer G, Shah-Hosseini K, Hellmich M, Alejandre Alcázar MA, Dötsch J, Nüsken KD. Vascular tone regulation in renal interlobar arteries of male rats is dysfunctional after intrauterine growth restriction. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 2021; 321:F93-F105. [PMID: 34056927 DOI: 10.1152/ajprenal.00653.2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) due to an adverse intrauterine environment predisposes to arterial hypertension and loss of kidney function. Here, we investigated whether vascular dysregulation in renal interlobar arteries (RIAs) may contribute to hypertensive glomerular damage after IUGR. In rats, IUGR was induced by bilateral uterine vessel ligation. Offspring of nonoperated rats served as controls. From postnatal day 49, blood pressure was telemetrically recorded. On postnatal day 70, we evaluated contractile function in RIAs and mesenteric arteries. In addition, blood, urine, and glomerular parameters as well as renal collagen deposition were analyzed. IUGR RIAs not only showed loss of stretch activation in 9 of 11 arteries and reduced stretch-induced myogenic tone but also showed a shift of the concentration-response relation of acetylcholine-induced relaxation toward lower concentrations. However, IUGR RIAs also exhibited augmented contractions through phenylephrine. Systemic mean arterial pressure [mean difference: 4.8 mmHg (daytime) and 5.7 mmHg (night)], mean glomerular area (IUGR: 9,754 ± 338 µm2 and control: 8,395 ± 227 µm2), and urinary protein-to-creatinine ratio (IUGR: 1.67 ± 0.13 g/g and control: 1.26 ± 0.10 g/g) were elevated after IUGR. We conclude that male IUGR rat offspring may have increased vulnerability toward hypertensive glomerular damage due to loss of myogenic tone and augmented endothelium-dependent relaxation in RIAs.NEW & NOTEWORTHY For the first time, our study presents wire myography data from renal interlobar arteries (RIAs) and mesenteric arteries of young adult rat offspring after intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR). Our data indicate that myogenic tone in RIAs is dysfunctional after IUGR. Furthermore, IUGR offspring suffer from mild arterial hypertension, glomerular hypertrophy, and increased urinary protein-to-creatinine ratio. Dysregulation of vascular tone in RIAs could be an important variable that impacts upon vulnerability toward glomerular injury after IUGR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jenny Voggel
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Medical Faculty and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany.,Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Lubomir Lubomirov
- Institute of Vegetative Physiology, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Felix Lechner
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Medical Faculty and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Gregor Fink
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Medical Faculty and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Eva Nüsken
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Medical Faculty and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Maria Wohlfarth
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Medical Faculty and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Gabriele Pfitzer
- Institute of Vegetative Physiology, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Kija Shah-Hosseini
- Institute of Medical Statistics and Computational Biology, Medical Faculty and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Martin Hellmich
- Institute of Medical Statistics and Computational Biology, Medical Faculty and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Miguel A Alejandre Alcázar
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Medical Faculty and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany.,Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany.,Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, Cologne Excellence Cluster for Stress Responses in Ageing-Associated Diseases, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany.,Institute for Lung Health (ILH), University of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center, Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Gießen, Germany
| | - Jörg Dötsch
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Medical Faculty and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Kai-Dietrich Nüsken
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Medical Faculty and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
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14
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Wang J, Lian G, Luo L, Wang T, Xu C, Wang H, Xie L. Role of 20-hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid in pulmonary hypertension and proliferation of pulmonary arterial smooth muscle cells. Pulm Pharmacol Ther 2020; 64:101948. [PMID: 32949704 DOI: 10.1016/j.pupt.2020.101948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2020] [Revised: 08/30/2020] [Accepted: 09/13/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the level of 20-Hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid (20-HETE) in model of pulmonary hypertension (PH) and its effect on the proliferation of pulmonary arterial smooth muscle cells (PASMCs). METHODS Twenty male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into two groups, including control group and PH group. PH was induced by intra-peritoneal injection of 20 mg/kg monocrotaline (MCT) twice in a week in 10 rats, and control rats were given equal amount of saline. Mean pulmonary arterial pressure (mPAP), right ventricular hypertrophy index (RVHI) and pulmonary vascular remodeling index (WA%, WT%) were assessed at the week 4. The levels of 20-HETE were analysed by liquid chromatography tandem-mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). EdU test was used to determine the proliferation of PASMCs. Intracellular levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) were detected using DCFH-DA dye. RESULTS (1) Prominent right ventricular hypertrophy and pulmonary vascular remodeling were verified in PH rats; (2) 20-HETE levels in lung tissue and serum were significantly lifted in PH rats; (3) Increased 20-HETE levels in cell culture supernatants were significantly noted in hypoxia condition; (4) Proliferation of PASMCs was induced by 20-HETE and hypoxia, and was inhibited by HET0016; (5) Production of ROS was elevated by 20-HETE and hypoxia, and was reduced by HET0016; CONCLUSION: Vascular remodeling was demonstrated in PH rats. 20-HETE levels were significantly increased in PH rats and under hypoxia condition. PASMCs proliferation and ROS production were elevated by 20-HETE and could be inhibited by HET0016, a specific inhibitor of 20-HETE. Taken together, changes in the level of 20-HETE may be related to the excessive proliferation of PASMCs in PH rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinhua Wang
- Department of Geriatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350005, People's Republic of China.
| | - Guili Lian
- Department of Geriatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350005, People's Republic of China
| | - Li Luo
- Department of Geriatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350005, People's Republic of China
| | - Tingjun Wang
- Department of Geriatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350005, People's Republic of China
| | - Changsheng Xu
- Department of Geriatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350005, People's Republic of China
| | - Huajun Wang
- Department of Geriatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350005, People's Republic of China
| | - Liangdi Xie
- Department of Geriatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350005, People's Republic of China.
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15
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Dietary n-6 and n-3 PUFA alter the free oxylipin profile differently in male and female rat hearts. Br J Nutr 2020; 122:252-261. [PMID: 31405389 DOI: 10.1017/s0007114519001211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Oxylipins are bioactive lipid mediators synthesised from PUFA. The most well-known oxylipins are the eicosanoids derived from arachidonic acid (ARA), and many of them influence cardiac physiology in health and disease. Oxylipins are also formed from other n-3 and n-6 PUFA such as α-linolenic acid (ALA), EPA, DHA and linoleic acid (LA), but fundamental data on the heart oxylipin profile, and the effect of diet and sex on this profile, are lacking. Therefore, weanling female and male Sprague-Dawley rats were given American Institute of Nutrition (AIN)-93G-based diets modified in oil composition to provide higher levels of ALA, EPA, DHA, LA and LA + ALA, compared with control diets. After 6 weeks, free oxylipins in rat hearts were increased primarily by their precursor PUFA, except for EPA oxylipins, which were increased not only by dietary EPA but also by dietary ALA or DHA. Dietary DHA had a greater effect than ALA or EPA on reducing ARA oxylipins. An exception to the dietary n-3 PUFA-lowering effects on ARA oxylipins was observed for several ARA-derived PG metabolites that were higher in rats given EPA diets. Higher dietary LA increased LA oxylipins, but it had no effect on ARA oxylipins. Overall, heart oxylipins were higher in female rats, but this depended on dietary treatment: the female oxylipin:male oxylipin ratio was higher in rats provided the ALA compared with the DHA diet, with other diet groups having ratios in between. In conclusion, individual PUFA and sex have unique and interactive effects on the rat heart free oxylipin profile.
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16
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Mavangira V, Brown J, Gandy JC, Sordillo LM. 20-hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid alters endothelial cell barrier integrity independent of oxidative stress and cell death. Prostaglandins Other Lipid Mediat 2020; 149:106425. [PMID: 32032703 DOI: 10.1016/j.prostaglandins.2020.106425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2019] [Revised: 01/13/2020] [Accepted: 01/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Unregulated inflammation during bovine mastitis is characterized by severe mammary tissue damage with systemic involvement. Vascular dysfunction underlies tissue pathology because of concurrent oxidative stress mediated by several inflammatory mediators. We recently demonstrated increased production of 20-hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid (20-HETE), a cytochrome P450-derived (CYP) oxylipid that correlated with oxidative stress during severe bovine coliform mastitis. The hypothesis for this study was that 20-HETE-induced oxidative stress disrupts barrier function of endothelial cells. Primary endothelial cells from the bovine aorta were utilized to investigate the effects of 20-HETE on barrier integrity in an in-vitro model of oxidative stress. The effects of various antioxidants on modulating the 20-HETE barrier integrity effects also were investigated. Our results showed that 20-HETE decreased endothelial barrier integrity, which was associated with increased reactive metabolite production and decreased total glutathione. The antioxidant, vitamin E, partially delayed the loss of endothelial resistance upon exposure to 20-HETE but did not prevent complete loss of barrier integrity. The decrease in barrier resistance due to 20-HETE was neither associated with oxidative stress as assessed by oxidative protein or lipid damage nor endothelial cell apoptosis; however, selenium supplementation conferred resistance to loss of barrier integrity suggesting a role for shifts in redox status. Specific mechanisms by which 20-HETE alters vascular barrier integrity require further investigation to identify targets for therapy during inflammatory conditions with enhanced CYP450 activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vengai Mavangira
- Department of Large Animal Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Michigan State University, East Lansing 48824 United States
| | - Jennifer Brown
- Department of Large Animal Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Michigan State University, East Lansing 48824 United States
| | - Jeffery C Gandy
- Department of Large Animal Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Michigan State University, East Lansing 48824 United States
| | - Lorraine M Sordillo
- Department of Large Animal Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Michigan State University, East Lansing 48824 United States.
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17
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Stamenkovic A, Ganguly R, Aliani M, Ravandi A, Pierce GN. Overcoming the Bitter Taste of Oils Enriched in Fatty Acids to Obtain Their Effects on the Heart in Health and Disease. Nutrients 2019; 11:E1179. [PMID: 31137794 PMCID: PMC6566568 DOI: 10.3390/nu11051179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2019] [Revised: 05/13/2019] [Accepted: 05/22/2019] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Fatty acids come in a variety of structures and, because of this, create a variety of functions for these lipids. Some fatty acids have a role to play in energy metabolism, some help in lipid storage, cell structure, the physical state of the lipid, and even in food stability. Fatty acid metabolism plays a particularly important role in meeting the energy demands of the heart. It is the primary source of myocardial energy in control conditions. Its role changes dramatically in disease states in the heart, but the pathologic role these fatty acids play depends upon the type of cardiovascular disease and the type of fatty acid. However, no matter how good a food is for one's health, its taste will ultimately become a deciding factor in its influence on human health. No food will provide health benefits if it is not ingested. This review discusses the taste characteristics of culinary oils that contain fatty acids and how these fatty acids affect the performance of the heart during healthy and diseased conditions. The contrasting contributions that different fatty acid molecules have in either promoting cardiac pathologies or protecting the heart from cardiovascular disease is also highlighted in this article.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleksandra Stamenkovic
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, St Boniface Hospital, Winnipeg, MB R2H2A6, Canada.
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3E0W3, Canada.
| | - Riya Ganguly
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, St Boniface Hospital, Winnipeg, MB R2H2A6, Canada.
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3E0W3, Canada.
| | - Michel Aliani
- Canadian Centre for Agri-Food Research in Health and Medicine (CCARM), Albrechtsen Research Centre, St Boniface Hospital, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R2H2A6, Canada.
- Department of Human Nutritional Sciences, Faculty of Agricultural and Food Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R2H2A6, Canada.
| | - Amir Ravandi
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, St Boniface Hospital, Winnipeg, MB R2H2A6, Canada.
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3E0W3, Canada.
- Internal Medicine, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3E0W3, Canada.
| | - Grant N Pierce
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, St Boniface Hospital, Winnipeg, MB R2H2A6, Canada.
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3E0W3, Canada.
- Canadian Centre for Agri-Food Research in Health and Medicine (CCARM), Albrechtsen Research Centre, St Boniface Hospital, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R2H2A6, Canada.
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18
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20-Hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid antagonist attenuates the development of malignant hypertension and reverses it once established: a study in Cyp1a1-Ren-2 transgenic rats. Biosci Rep 2018; 38:BSR20171496. [PMID: 30054426 PMCID: PMC6131326 DOI: 10.1042/bsr20171496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2017] [Revised: 07/09/2018] [Accepted: 07/19/2018] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
We hypothesized that vascular actions of 20-hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid (20-HETE), the product of cytochrome P450 (CYP450)-dependent ω-hydroxylase, potentiate prohypertensive actions of angiotensin II (ANG II) in Cyp1a1-Ren-2 transgenic rats, a model of ANG II-dependent malignant hypertension. Therefore, we evaluated the antihypertensive effectiveness of 20-HETE receptor antagonist (AAA) in this model. Malignant hypertension was induced in Cyp1a1-Ren-2 transgenic rats by activation of the renin gene using indole-3-carbinol (I3C), a natural xenobiotic. Treatment with AAA was started either simultaneously with induction of hypertension or 10 days later, during established hypertension. Systolic blood pressure (SBP) was monitored by radiotelemetry, indices of renal and cardiac injury, and kidney ANG II levels were determined. In I3C-induced hypertensive rats, early AAA treatment reduced SBP elevation (to 161 ± 3 compared with 199 ± 3 mmHg in untreated I3C-induced rats), reduced albuminuria, glomerulosclerosis index, and cardiac hypertrophy (P<0.05 in all cases). Untreated I3C-induced rats showed augmented kidney ANG II (405 ± 14 compared with 52 ± 3 fmol/g in non-induced rats, P<0.05) which was markedly lowered by AAA treatment (72 ± 6 fmol/g). Remarkably, in TGR with established hypertension, AAA also decreased SBP (from 187 ± 4 to 158 ± 4 mmHg, P<0.05) and exhibited organoprotective effects in addition to marked suppression of kidney ANG II levels. In conclusion, 20-HETE antagonist attenuated the development and largely reversed the established ANG II-dependent malignant hypertension, likely via suppression of intrarenal ANG II levels. This suggests that intrarenal ANG II activation by 20-HETE is important in the pathophysiology of this hypertension form.
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19
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Abstract
20-HETE, the ω-hydroxylation product of arachidonic acid catalyzed by enzymes of the cytochrome P450 (CYP) 4A and 4F gene families, is a bioactive lipid mediator with potent effects on the vasculature including stimulation of smooth muscle cell contractility, migration and proliferation as well as activation of endothelial cell dysfunction and inflammation. Clinical studies have shown elevated levels of plasma and urinary 20-HETE in human diseases and conditions such as hypertension, obesity and metabolic syndrome, myocardial infarction, stroke, and chronic kidney diseases. Studies of polymorphic associations also suggest an important role for 20-HETE in hypertension, stroke and myocardial infarction. Animal models of increased 20-HETE production are hypertensive and are more susceptible to cardiovascular injury. The current review summarizes recent findings that focus on the role of 20-HETE in the regulation of vascular and cardiac function and its contribution to the pathology of vascular and cardiac diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Petra Rocic
- Department of Pharmacology, New York Medical College School of Medicine, Valhalla, NY, United States
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20
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Costa TJ, Ceravolo GS, Echem C, Hashimoto CM, Costa BP, Santos-Eichler RA, Oliveira MA, Jiménez-Altayó F, Akamine EH, Dantas AP, Carvalho MHC. Detrimental Effects of Testosterone Addition to Estrogen Therapy Involve Cytochrome P-450-Induced 20-HETE Synthesis in Aorta of Ovariectomized Spontaneously Hypertensive Rat (SHR), a Model of Postmenopausal Hypertension. Front Physiol 2018; 9:490. [PMID: 29867542 PMCID: PMC5952044 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2018.00490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2017] [Accepted: 04/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Postmenopausal period has been associated to different symptoms such as hot flashes, vulvovaginal atrophy, hypoactive sexual desire disorder (HSDD) and others. Clinical studies have described postmenopausal women presenting HSDD can benefit from the association of testosterone to conventional hormonal therapy. Testosterone has been linked to development of cardiovascular diseases including hypertension and it also increases cytochrome P-450-induced 20-HETE synthesis which in turn results in vascular dysfunction. However, the effect of testosterone plus estrogen in the cardiovascular system is still very poorly studied. The aim of the present study is to evaluate the role of cytochrome P-450 pathway in a postmenopausal hypertensive female treated with testosterone plus estrogen. For that, hypertensive ovariectomized rats (OVX-SHR) were used as a model of postmenopausal hypertension and four groups were created: SHAM-operated (SHAM), ovariectomized SHR (OVX), OVX treated for 15 days with conjugated equine estrogens [(CEE) 9.6 μg/Kg/day/po] or CEE associated to testosterone [(CEE+T) 2.85 mg/kg/weekly/im]. Phenylephrine-induced contraction and generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) were markedly increased in aortic rings from OVX-SHR compared to SHAM rats which were restored by CEE treatment. On the other hand, CEE+T abolished vascular effects by CEE and augmented both systolic and diastolic blood pressure of SHR. Treatment of aortic rings with the CYP/20-HETE synthesis inhibitor HET0016 (1 μM) reduced phenylephrine hyperreactivity and the augmented ROS generation in the CEE+T group. These results are paralleled by the increased CYP4F3 protein expression and activity in aortas of CEE+T. In conclusion, we showed that association of testosterone to estrogen therapy produces detrimental effects in cardiovascular system of ovariectomized hypertensive females via CYP4F3/20-HETE pathway. Therefore, our findings support the standpoint that the CYP/20-HETE pathway is an important therapeutic target for the prevention of cardiovascular disease in menopausal women in the presence of high levels of testosterone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiago J Costa
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.,Facultat de Medicina, Departament de Farmacologia, Terapèutica i Toxicologia, Institut de Neurociències, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Spain.,Group of Atherosclerosis and Coronary Disease, Institut Clinic del Torax, Institut d'Investigacions Biomédiques August Pi I Sunyer, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Graziela S Ceravolo
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.,Department of Physiological Sciences, State University of Londrina, Londrina, Brazil
| | - Cinthya Echem
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Carolina M Hashimoto
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Beatriz P Costa
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Rosangela A Santos-Eichler
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Maria Aparecida Oliveira
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Francesc Jiménez-Altayó
- Facultat de Medicina, Departament de Farmacologia, Terapèutica i Toxicologia, Institut de Neurociències, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Eliana H Akamine
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Ana Paula Dantas
- Group of Atherosclerosis and Coronary Disease, Institut Clinic del Torax, Institut d'Investigacions Biomédiques August Pi I Sunyer, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Maria Helena C Carvalho
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
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21
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Wu HC, Horng CT, Tsai SC, Lee YL, Hsu SC, Tsai YJ, Tsai FJ, Chiang JH, Kuo DH, Yang JS. Relaxant and vasoprotective effects of ginger extracts on porcine coronary arteries. Int J Mol Med 2018; 41:2420-2428. [PMID: 29328426 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2018.3380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2016] [Accepted: 11/30/2017] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Ginger (Zingiber officinale Roscoe) is a popular Chinese herbal medicine, which is considered to warm the stomach and dispel cold in traditional Chinese medicine. Ginger is widely used to treat stomach disorders, and it has been reported to exhibit antithrombotic activity via the inhibition of platelet aggregation and thromboxane B2 production in vitro. Cardiovascular disease is associated with the aberrant functioning of the heart and circulatory system; the relatively narrow vessels of the circulation are commonly affected and blocked by atherosclerosis, which may result in angina or heart attack. Numerous drugs and medicines are used to treat myocardial infarction; however, they are often associated with numerous side effects. Therefore, it is important to identify substitutive drugs with no unbearable side effects. In the present study, the relaxant effects of ginger crude extract (GCE) were determined on porcine coronary arteries. The DPPH radical scavenging assay, lucigenin‑enhanced chemiluminescence assay and western blot analysis were used to individually detect antioxidant assay of ginger extraction or superoxide anion produced by endothelial cells and molecular signaling. The results indicated that GCE induced relaxation of porcine coronary arteries in an endothelium‑dependent manner. GCE increased vasoprotection via the suppression of nitric oxide synthase and cyclooxygenase. In addition, GCE possessed antioxidant ability, as determined using 1,1‑diphenyl‑2‑picrylhydrazyl and lucigenin‑enhanced chemiluminescence assays. Taken together, the present study demonstrated that GCE exerts marked vasoprotective effects and free radical‑scavenging activities in porcine coronary arteries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hsing-Chen Wu
- Department of Nutrition, Kaohsiung Armed Forces General Hospital, Kaohsiung 80284, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Chi-Ting Horng
- Medical Education Center, Kaohsiung Armed Forces General Hospital, Kaohsiung 80284, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Shih-Chang Tsai
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, China Medical University, Taichung 40402, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - You-Li Lee
- Department of Nutrition, Kaohsiung Armed Forces General Hospital, Kaohsiung 80284, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Shou-Cheng Hsu
- Department of Pharmacy and Master Program, Tajen University, Pingtung 90741, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Yi-Jen Tsai
- Department of Pharmacy and Master Program, Tajen University, Pingtung 90741, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Fuu-Jen Tsai
- School of Post‑Baccalaureate Chinese Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung 40402, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Jo-Hua Chiang
- Department of Nursing, Chung‑Jen Junior College of Nursing, Health Sciences and Management, Chiayi 62241, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Daih-Huang Kuo
- Department of Pharmacy and Master Program, Tajen University, Pingtung 90741, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Jai-Sing Yang
- Department of Medical Research, China Medical University Hospital, China Medical University, Taichung 40447, Taiwan, R.O.C
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22
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Harder DR, Rarick KR, Gebremedhin D, Cohen SS. Regulation of Cerebral Blood Flow: Response to Cytochrome P450 Lipid Metabolites. Compr Physiol 2018; 8:801-821. [PMID: 29687906 DOI: 10.1002/cphy.c170025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
There have been numerous reviews related to the cerebral circulation. Most of these reviews are similar in many ways. In the present review, we thought it important to provide an overview of function with specific attention to details of cerebral arterial control related to brain homeostasis, maintenance of neuronal energy demands, and a unique perspective related to the role of astrocytes. A coming review in this series will discuss cerebral vascular development and unique properties of the neonatal circulation and developing brain, thus, many aspects of development are missing here. Similarly, a review of the response of the brain and cerebral circulation to heat stress has recently appeared in this series (8). By trying to make this review unique, some obvious topics were not discussed in lieu of others, which are from recent and provocative research such as endothelium-derived hyperpolarizing factor, circadian regulation of proteins effecting cerebral blood flow, and unique properties of the neurovascular unit. © 2018 American Physiological Society. Compr Physiol 8:801-821, 2018.
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Affiliation(s)
- David R Harder
- Department of Physiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, USA.,Clement J. Zablocki VA Medical Center, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Kevin R Rarick
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Critical Care, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Debebe Gebremedhin
- Department of Physiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Susan S Cohen
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Neonatology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, USA
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Jamieson KL, Endo T, Darwesh AM, Samokhvalov V, Seubert JM. Cytochrome P450-derived eicosanoids and heart function. Pharmacol Ther 2017; 179:47-83. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2017.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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Caligiuri SPB, Parikh M, Stamenkovic A, Pierce GN, Aukema HM. Dietary modulation of oxylipins in cardiovascular disease and aging. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2017; 313:H903-H918. [PMID: 28801523 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00201.2017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2017] [Revised: 07/27/2017] [Accepted: 08/05/2017] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Oxylipins are a group of fatty acid metabolites generated via oxygenation of polyunsaturated fatty acids and are involved in processes such as inflammation, immunity, pain, vascular tone, and coagulation. As a result, oxylipins have been implicated in many conditions characterized by these processes, including cardiovascular disease and aging. The best characterized oxylipins in relation to cardiovascular disease are derived from the ω-6 fatty acid arachidonic acid. These oxylipins generally increase inflammation, hypertension, and platelet aggregation, although not universally. Similarly, oxylipins derived from the ω-6 fatty acid linoleic acid generally have more adverse than beneficial cardiovascular effects. Alternatively, most oxylipins derived from 20- and 22-carbon ω-3 fatty acids have anti-inflammatory, antiaggregatory, and vasodilatory effects that help explain the cardioprotective effects of these fatty acids. Much less is known regarding the oxylipins derived from the 18-carbon ω-3 fatty acid α-linolenic acid, but clinical trials with flaxseed supplementation have indicated that these oxylipins can have positive effects on blood pressure. Normal aging also is associated with changes in oxylipin levels in the brain, vasculature, and other tissues, indicating that oxylipin changes with aging may be involved in age-related changes in these tissues. A small number of trials in humans and animals with interventions that contain either 18-carbon or 20- and 22-carbon ω-3 fatty acids have indicated that dietary-induced changes in oxylipins may be beneficial in slowing the changes associated with normal aging. In summary, oxylipins are an important group of molecules amenable to dietary manipulation to target cardiovascular disease and age-related degeneration.NEW & NOTEWORTHY Oxylipins are an important group of fatty acid metabolites amenable to dietary manipulation. Because of the role they play in cardiovascular disease and in age-related degeneration, oxylipins are gaining recognition as viable targets for specific dietary interventions focused on manipulating oxylipin composition to control these biological processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie P B Caligiuri
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Mihir Parikh
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Aleksandra Stamenkovic
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Grant N Pierce
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Harold M Aukema
- Department of Human Nutritional Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture and Food Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada; and .,Canadian Centre for Agri-food Research in Health and Medicine, Albrechtsen Research Centre, St. Boniface Hospital, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
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Jíchová Š, Doleželová Š, Kopkan L, Kompanowska-Jezierska E, Sadowski J, Červenka L. Fenofibrate Attenuates Malignant Hypertension by Suppression of the Renin-angiotensin System: A Study in Cyp1a1-Ren-2 Transgenic Rats. Am J Med Sci 2016; 352:618-630. [DOI: 10.1016/j.amjms.2016.09.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2016] [Revised: 08/17/2016] [Accepted: 09/21/2016] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Yi X, Lin J, Wang C, Zhou Q. CYP Genetic Variants, CYP Metabolite Levels, and Neurologic Deterioration in Acute Ischemic Stroke in Chinese Population. J Stroke Cerebrovasc Dis 2016; 26:969-978. [PMID: 27916259 DOI: 10.1016/j.jstrokecerebrovasdis.2016.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2016] [Revised: 11/02/2016] [Accepted: 11/07/2016] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The mechanisms of neurologic deterioration (ND) are not fully understood. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the relationship between CYP genetic variants and CYP metabolite levels with ND in acute ischemic stroke patients. METHODS Eleven single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of seven CYP genes were genotyped in 396 patients with acute ischemic stroke. The CYP plasma metabolite levels (20-hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid [HETE], total epoxyeicosatrienoic acids [EETs], and dihydroxyeicosatrienoic acids [DiHETEs]) were also assessed. The primary outcome was ND within 10 days on admission. ND was defined as an increase of two or more points in the National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale score. RESULTS Among 396 patients, 101 patients (25.5%) experienced ND. The plasma levels of 20-HETE and DiHETEs were significantly higher and the EET levels were significantly lower in patients with ND compared to patients without ND. Univariate analyses revealed that old age, diabetes mellitus (DM), higher fasting glucose, and higher hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) were associated with ND. CYP2C8 rs17110453 CC, EPHX2 rs751141 GG, and CYP4A11 rs9333025 GG were independently associated with ND after adjusting age, DM, fasting glucose, and HbA1c (odds ratio [OR]: 1.60, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.02-3.72; OR: 3.01, 95% CI: 1.29-7.13; OR: 2.75, 95% CI: 1.17-6.24, respectively). Also, these polymorphisms were associated with CYP metabolite levels in patients with ND. CONCLUSIONS ND is fairly common in acute ischemic stroke. Specific CYP gene SNPs are associated with CYP plasma metabolite levels, which may explain their associations with ND. Further studies are needed to validate our findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xingyang Yi
- Department of Neurology, The People's Hospital of Deyang City, Deyang, Sichuan, China
| | - Jing Lin
- Department of Neurology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical College, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China.
| | - Chun Wang
- Department of Neurology, The People's Hospital of Deyang City, Deyang, Sichuan, China
| | - Qiang Zhou
- Department of Neurology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical College, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
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Yi X, Han Z, Zhou Q, Lin J, Liu P. 20-Hydroxyeicosatetraenoic Acid as a Predictor of Neurological Deterioration in Acute Minor Ischemic Stroke. Stroke 2016; 47:3045-3047. [PMID: 27834744 DOI: 10.1161/strokeaha.116.015146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2016] [Revised: 09/19/2016] [Accepted: 10/04/2016] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE The relationship between high plasma 20-hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid (20-HETE) levels and neurological deterioration (ND) has not been investigated in patients with acute minor ischemic stroke. METHOD We conducted a prospective, multicenter observational study in patients with acute minor ischemic stroke. Plasma levels of 20-HETE were measured at admission in all patients. The primary end point of the study was ND within 10 days after admission. The degree of disability was assessed using modified Rankin scale at 3 months after admission. RESULTS A total of 322 patients were enrolled, of which 85 patients (26.4%) developed ND. Mean 20-HETE level was 1687±158 pmol/L. On multivariate analyses, high level (>1675 pmol/L) of 20-HETE was an independent predictor of ND (third and fourth quartiles). Neurological deterioration was associated with a higher risk of poor outcome (modified Rankin scale scores 3-6) at 3 months. CONCLUSIONS ND is fairly common in acute minor ischemic stroke and is associated with poor prognosis. Elevated plasma level of 20-HETE may be a predictor for ND in acute minor ischemic stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xingyang Yi
- From the Department of Neurology, People's Hospital of Deyang City, Sichuan, China (X.Y., P.L.); Department of Neurology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical College, Zhejiang, China (Z.H.); and Department of Neurology, Third Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical College, Zhejiang, China (Q.Z., J.L.).
| | - Zhao Han
- From the Department of Neurology, People's Hospital of Deyang City, Sichuan, China (X.Y., P.L.); Department of Neurology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical College, Zhejiang, China (Z.H.); and Department of Neurology, Third Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical College, Zhejiang, China (Q.Z., J.L.).
| | - Qiang Zhou
- From the Department of Neurology, People's Hospital of Deyang City, Sichuan, China (X.Y., P.L.); Department of Neurology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical College, Zhejiang, China (Z.H.); and Department of Neurology, Third Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical College, Zhejiang, China (Q.Z., J.L.)
| | - Jing Lin
- From the Department of Neurology, People's Hospital of Deyang City, Sichuan, China (X.Y., P.L.); Department of Neurology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical College, Zhejiang, China (Z.H.); and Department of Neurology, Third Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical College, Zhejiang, China (Q.Z., J.L.)
| | - Ping Liu
- From the Department of Neurology, People's Hospital of Deyang City, Sichuan, China (X.Y., P.L.); Department of Neurology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical College, Zhejiang, China (Z.H.); and Department of Neurology, Third Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical College, Zhejiang, China (Q.Z., J.L.)
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Pabbidi MR, Roman RJ. Elevated K+ channel activity opposes vasoconstrictor response to serotonin in cerebral arteries of the Fawn Hooded Hypertensive rat. Physiol Genomics 2016; 49:27-36. [PMID: 27789734 PMCID: PMC5283921 DOI: 10.1152/physiolgenomics.00072.2016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2016] [Accepted: 10/24/2016] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Previous studies suggest that middle cerebral arteries (MCAs) of Fawn Hooded Hypertensive (FHH) rats exhibit impaired myogenic response and introgression of a small region of Brown Norway chromosome 1 containing 15 genes restored the response in FHH.1BN congenic rat. The impaired myogenic response in FHH rats is associated with an increase in the activity of the large conductance potassium (BK) channel in vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs). The present study examined whether the increased BK channel function in FHH rat alters vasoconstrictor response to serotonin (5-HT). Basal myogenic tone and spontaneous myogenic response of the MCA was attenuated by about twofold and about fivefold, respectively in FHH compared with FHH.1BN rats. 5-HT (0.1 μM)-mediated vasoconstriction was about twofold lower, and inhibition of the BK channel increased the vasoconstrictor response by about threefold in FHH compared with FHH.1BN rats. 5-HT (3 μM) decreased BK channel and spontaneous transient outward currents in VSMCs isolated from FHH.1BN but had no effect in FHH rats. 5-HT significantly depolarized the membrane potential in MCAs of FHH.1BN than FHH rats. Blockade of the BK channel normalized 5-HT-induced depolarization in MCAs of FHH rats. The 5-HT-mediated increase in cytosolic calcium concentration was significantly reduced in plateau phase in the VSMCs of FHH relative to FHH.1BN rats. These findings suggest that sequence variants in the genes located in the small region of FHH rat chromosome 1 impairs 5-HT-mediated vasoconstriction by decreasing its ability to inhibit BK channel activity, depolarize the membrane and blunt the rise in cytosolic calcium concentration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mallikarjuna R Pabbidi
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi
| | - Richard J Roman
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi
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Jackson WF. Arteriolar oxygen reactivity: where is the sensor and what is the mechanism of action? J Physiol 2016; 594:5055-77. [PMID: 27324312 PMCID: PMC5023707 DOI: 10.1113/jp270192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2015] [Accepted: 06/13/2016] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Arterioles in the peripheral microcirculation are exquisitely sensitive to changes in PO2 in their environment: increases in PO2 cause vasoconstriction while decreases in PO2 result in vasodilatation. However, the cell type that senses O2 (the O2 sensor) and the signalling pathway that couples changes in PO2 to changes in arteriolar tone (the mechanism of action) remain unclear. Many (but not all) ex vivo studies of isolated cannulated resistance arteries and large, first-order arterioles support the hypothesis that these vessels are intrinsically sensitive to PO2 with the smooth muscle, endothelial cells, or red blood cells serving as the O2 sensor. However, in situ studies testing these hypotheses in downstream arterioles have failed to find evidence of intrinsic O2 sensitivity, and instead have supported the idea that extravascular cells sense O2 . Similarly, ex vivo studies of isolated, cannulated resistance arteries and large first-order arterioles support the hypotheses that O2 -dependent inhibition of production of vasodilator cyclooxygenase products or O2 -dependent destruction of nitric oxide mediates O2 reactivity of these upstream vessels. In contrast, most in vivo studies of downstream arterioles have disproved these hypotheses and instead have provided evidence supporting the idea that O2 -dependent production of vasoconstrictors mediates arteriolar O2 reactivity, with significant regional heterogeneity in the specific vasoconstrictor involved. Oxygen-induced vasoconstriction may serve as a protective mechanism to reduce the oxidative burden to which a tissue is exposed, a process that is superimposed on top of the local mechanisms which regulate tissue blood flow to meet a tissue's metabolic demand.
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Affiliation(s)
- William F Jackson
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA.
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The role of 20-HETE in cardiovascular diseases and its risk factors. Prostaglandins Other Lipid Mediat 2016; 125:108-17. [PMID: 27287720 DOI: 10.1016/j.prostaglandins.2016.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2016] [Revised: 04/20/2016] [Accepted: 05/31/2016] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Arachidonic acid (AA) is metabolized in mammals by enzymes of the CYP4A and 4F families to 20-hydroxyeicosatetraeonic acid (20-HETE) which plays an important role in the regulation of renal function, vascular tone and arterial pressure. In the vasculature, 20-HETE is a potent vasoconstrictor, the up-regulation of which contributes to inflammation, oxidative stress, endothelial dysfunction and an increase in peripheral vascular resistance in models of obesity, diabetes, ischemia/reperfusion, and vascular oxidative stress. Recent studies have established a role for 20-HETE in normal and pathological angiogenic conditions. We discuss in this review the synthesis of 20-HETE and how it and various autacoids, especially the renin-angiotensin system, interact to promote hypertension, vasoconstriction, and vascular dysfunction. In addition, we examine the molecular mechanisms through which 20-HETE induces these actions and the clinical implication of inhibiting 20-HETE production and activity.
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Fan F, Ge Y, Lv W, Elliott MR, Muroya Y, Hirata T, Booz GW, Roman RJ. Molecular mechanisms and cell signaling of 20-hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid in vascular pathophysiology. Front Biosci (Landmark Ed) 2016; 21:1427-63. [PMID: 27100515 DOI: 10.2741/4465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Cytochrome P450s enzymes catalyze the metabolism of arachidonic acid to epoxyeicosatrienoic acids (EETs), dihydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid and hydroxyeicosatetraeonic acid (HETEs). 20-HETE is a vasoconstrictor that depolarizes vascular smooth muscle cells by blocking K+ channels. EETs serve as endothelial derived hyperpolarizing factors. Inhibition of the formation of 20-HETE impairs the myogenic response and autoregulation of renal and cerebral blood flow. Changes in the formation of EETs and 20-HETE have been reported in hypertension and drugs that target these pathways alter blood pressure in animal models. Sequence variants in CYP4A11 and CYP4F2 that produce 20-HETE, UDP-glucuronosyl transferase involved in the biotransformation of 20-HETE and soluble epoxide hydrolase that inactivates EETs are associated with hypertension in human studies. 20-HETE contributes to the regulation of vascular hypertrophy, restenosis, angiogenesis and inflammation. It also promotes endothelial dysfunction and contributes to cerebral vasospasm and ischemia-reperfusion injury in the brain, kidney and heart. This review will focus on the role of 20-HETE in vascular dysfunction, inflammation, ischemic and hemorrhagic stroke and cardiac and renal ischemia reperfusion injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fan Fan
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS 39216
| | - Ying Ge
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS 39216
| | - Wenshan Lv
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS 39216 and Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, the Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Matthew R Elliott
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS 39216
| | - Yoshikazu Muroya
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS 39216 and Department of General Medicine and Rehabilitation, Tohoku Medical and Pharmaceutical University School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Takashi Hirata
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS 39216 and Taisho Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Saitama, Japan
| | - George W Booz
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS 39216
| | - Richard J Roman
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS 39216,
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Liao D, Yi X, Zhang B, Zhou Q, Lin J. Interaction Between CYP4F2 rs2108622 and CPY4A11 rs9333025 Variants Is Significantly Correlated with Susceptibility to Ischemic Stroke and 20-Hydroxyeicosatetraenoic Acid Level. Genet Test Mol Biomarkers 2016; 20:223-8. [PMID: 26959478 DOI: 10.1089/gtmb.2015.0205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
AIMS To investigate the association of four variants of two CYP ω-hydroxylase genes and 20-hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid (HETE) levels with ischemic stroke (IS) and whether gene-gene interactions between these genes increase the risk of IS. METHODS Three hundred ninety-six patients with IS and 378 controls were genotyped for rs2269231, rs9333025, rs2108622, and rs3093135. Gene-gene interactions were analyzed using generalized multifactor dimensionality reduction (GMDR) methods. The 20-HETE levels was measured in 218 IS patients and 126 controls. RESULTS The frequency of the GG genotype of rs9333025 was significantly higher in IS patients than in controls (p < 0.001). The GMDR analysis showed a significant gene-gene interaction between rs9333025 and rs2108622 (p = 0.0116). This gene-gene interaction predicted a significantly higher risk of IS in individuals carrying the genotypes of rs9333025 GG and rs2108622 GG (odds ratio = 1.92, 95% confidence interval = 1.12-4.26, p = 0.007). The plasma levels of 20-HETE were significantly higher in IS patients than in controls, and IS patients carrying the genotype combination of rs9333025 GG and rs2108622 GG had higher 20-HETE levels than IS patients with other combinations of the two variants. CONCLUSION CYP4A1l rs9333025 GG and CYP4F2 rs2108622 GG two-loci interaction significantly increases the risk for IS and an elevated 20-HETE level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Duanxiu Liao
- 1 Department of Neurology, People's Hospital of Deyang City , Deyang, China
| | - Xingyang Yi
- 1 Department of Neurology, People's Hospital of Deyang City , Deyang, China
| | - Biao Zhang
- 1 Department of Neurology, People's Hospital of Deyang City , Deyang, China
| | - Qiang Zhou
- 2 Department of Neurology, Third Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical College , Zhejiang, China
| | - Jing Lin
- 2 Department of Neurology, Third Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical College , Zhejiang, China
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Senol SP, Temiz M, Guden DS, Cecen P, Sari AN, Sahan-Firat S, Falck JR, Dakarapu R, Malik KU, Tunctan B. Contribution of PPARα/β/γ, AP-1, importin-α3, and RXRα to the protective effect of 5,14-HEDGE, a 20-HETE mimetic, against hypotension, tachycardia, and inflammation in a rat model of septic shock. Inflamm Res 2016; 65:367-87. [DOI: 10.1007/s00011-016-0922-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2015] [Revised: 10/10/2015] [Accepted: 01/29/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
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Goldenberg NM, Kuebler WM. Endothelial cell regulation of pulmonary vascular tone, inflammation, and coagulation. Compr Physiol 2016; 5:531-59. [PMID: 25880504 DOI: 10.1002/cphy.c140024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The pulmonary endothelium represents a heterogeneous cell monolayer covering the luminal surface of the entire lung vasculature. As such, this cell layer lies at a critical interface between the blood, airways, and lung parenchyma, and must act as a selective barrier between these diverse compartments. Lung endothelial cells are able to produce and secrete mediators, display surface receptor, and cellular adhesion molecules, and metabolize circulating hormones to influence vasomotor tone, both local and systemic inflammation, and coagulation functions. In this review, we will explore the role of the pulmonary endothelium in each of these systems, highlighting key regulatory functions of the pulmonary endothelial cell, as well as novel aspects of the pulmonary endothelium in contrast to the systemic cell type. The interactions between pulmonary endothelial cells and both leukocytes and platelets will be discussed in detail, and wherever possible, elements of endothelial control over physiological and pathophysiological processes will be examined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neil M Goldenberg
- The Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science of St. Michael's, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Anesthesia, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Wolfgang M Kuebler
- The Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science of St. Michael's, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; German Heart Institute Berlin, Germany; Institute of Physiology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Germany; Department of Surgery, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Physiology, University of Toronto, Ontario,Canada
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Gabbs M, Leng S, Devassy JG, Monirujjaman M, Aukema HM. Advances in Our Understanding of Oxylipins Derived from Dietary PUFAs. Adv Nutr 2015; 6:513-40. [PMID: 26374175 PMCID: PMC4561827 DOI: 10.3945/an.114.007732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 477] [Impact Index Per Article: 53.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Oxylipins formed from polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) are the main mediators of PUFA effects in the body. They are formed via cyclooxygenase, lipoxygenase, and cytochrome P450 pathways, resulting in the formation of prostaglandins, thromboxanes, mono-, di-, and tri-hydroxy fatty acids (FAs), epoxy FAs, lipoxins, eoxins, hepoxilins, resolvins, protectins (also called neuroprotectins in the brain), and maresins. In addition to the well-known eicosanoids derived from arachidonic acid, recent developments in lipidomic methodologies have raised awareness of and interest in the large number of oxylipins formed from other PUFAs, including those from the essential FAs and the longer-chain n-3 (ω-3) PUFAs. Oxylipins have essential roles in normal physiology and function, but can also have detrimental effects. Compared with the oxylipins derived from n-3 PUFAs, oxylipins from n-6 PUFAs generally have greater activity and more inflammatory, vasoconstrictory, and proliferative effects, although there are notable exceptions. Because PUFA composition does not necessarily reflect oxylipin composition, comprehensive analysis of the oxylipin profile is necessary to understand the overall physiologic effects of PUFAs mediated through their oxylipins. These analyses should include oxylipins derived from linoleic and α-linolenic acids, because these largely unexplored bioactive oxylipins constitute more than one-half of oxylipins present in tissues. Because collated information on oxylipins formed from different PUFAs is currently unavailable, this review provides a detailed compilation of the main oxylipins formed from PUFAs and describes their functions. Much remains to be elucidated in this emerging field, including the discovery of more oxylipins, and the understanding of the differing biological potencies, kinetics, and isomer-specific activities of these novel PUFA metabolites.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Harold M Aukema
- Human Nutritional Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada; and Canadian Centre for Agri-Food Research in Health and Medicine, St. Boniface Hospital Research Centre, Winnipeg, Canada
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Burke M, Pabbidi MR, Farley J, Roman RJ. Molecular mechanisms of renal blood flow autoregulation. Curr Vasc Pharmacol 2015; 12:845-58. [PMID: 24066938 PMCID: PMC4416696 DOI: 10.2174/15701611113116660149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2011] [Revised: 12/18/2011] [Accepted: 07/02/2013] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Diabetes and hypertension are the leading causes of chronic kidney disease and their incidence is increasing at
an alarming rate. Both are associated with impairments in the autoregulation of renal blood flow (RBF) and greater transmission
of fluctuations in arterial pressure to the glomerular capillaries. The ability of the kidney to maintain relatively
constant blood flow, glomerular filtration rate (GFR) and glomerular capillary pressure is mediated by the myogenic response
of afferent arterioles working in concert with tubuloglomerular feedback that adjusts the tone of the afferent arteriole
in response to changes in the delivery of sodium chloride to the macula densa. Despite intensive investigation, the factors
initiating the myogenic response and the signaling pathways involved in the myogenic response and tubuloglomerular
feedback remain uncertain. This review focuses on current thought regarding the molecular mechanisms underlying myogenic
control of renal vascular tone, the interrelationships between the myogenic response and tubuloglomerular feedback,
the evidence that alterations in autoregulation of RBF contributes to hypertension and diabetes-induced nephropathy and
the identification of vascular therapeutic targets for improved renoprotection in hypertensive and diabetic patients.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Richard J Roman
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Mississippi Medical Center, 2500 North State Street, Jackson, MS 39216, USA.
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Guan Z, Fellner RC, Van Beusecum J, Inscho EW. P2 receptors in renal autoregulation. Curr Vasc Pharmacol 2015; 12:818-28. [PMID: 24066935 DOI: 10.2174/15701611113116660152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2013] [Revised: 03/06/2013] [Accepted: 05/01/2014] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Autoregulation of renal blood flow and glomerular filtration rate is an essential function of the renal microcirculation. While the existence of this phenomenon has been known for many years, the exact mechanisms that underlie this regulatory system remain poorly understood. The work of many investigators has provided insights into many aspects of the autoregulatory mechanism, but many critical components remain elusive. This review is intended to update the reader on the role of P2 purinoceptors as a postulated mechanism responsible for renal autoregulatory resistance adjustments. It will summarize recent advances in normal function and it will touch on more recent ideas regarding autoregulatory insufficiency in hypertension and inflammation. Current thoughts on the nature of the mechanosensor responsible for myogenic behavior will be also be discussed as well as current thoughts on the mechanisms involved in ATP release to the extracellular fluid space.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Edward W Inscho
- Department of Physiology, Medical College of Georgia, Georgia Regents University, 1120 15th Street, Augusta, Georgia 30912-3000.
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Matsumoto T, Goulopoulou S, Taguchi K, Tostes RC, Kobayashi T. Constrictor prostanoids and uridine adenosine tetraphosphate: vascular mediators and therapeutic targets in hypertension and diabetes. Br J Pharmacol 2015; 172:3980-4001. [PMID: 26031319 DOI: 10.1111/bph.13205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2015] [Revised: 04/16/2015] [Accepted: 05/19/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Vascular dysfunction plays a pivotal role in the development of systemic complications associated with arterial hypertension and diabetes. The endothelium, or more specifically, various factors derived from endothelial cells tightly regulate vascular function, including vascular tone. In physiological conditions, there is a balance between endothelium-derived factors, that is, relaxing factors (endothelium-derived relaxing factors; EDRFs) and contracting factors (endothelium-derived contracting factors; EDCFs), which mediate vascular homeostasis. However, in disease states, such as diabetes and arterial hypertension, there is an imbalance between EDRF and EDCF, with a reduction of EDRF signalling and an increase of EDCF signalling. Among EDCFs, COX-derived vasoconstrictor prostanoids play an important role in the development of vascular dysfunction associated with hypertension and diabetes. Moreover, uridine adenosine tetraphosphate (Up4 A), identified as an EDCF in 2005, also modulates vascular function. However, the role of Up4 A in hypertension- and diabetes-associated vascular dysfunction is unclear. In the present review, we focused on experimental and clinical evidence that implicate these two EDCFs (vasoconstrictor prostanoids and Up4 A) in vascular dysfunction associated with hypertension and diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takayuki Matsumoto
- Department of Physiology and Morphology, Institute of Medicinal Chemistry, Hoshi University, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Styliani Goulopoulou
- Department of Integrative Physiology and Anatomy, Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, TX, USA
| | - Kumiko Taguchi
- Department of Physiology and Morphology, Institute of Medicinal Chemistry, Hoshi University, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Rita C Tostes
- Department of Pharmacology, Ribeirao Preto Medical School University of Sao Paulo, Ribeirao Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Tsuneo Kobayashi
- Department of Physiology and Morphology, Institute of Medicinal Chemistry, Hoshi University, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo, Japan
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Hoopes SL, Garcia V, Edin ML, Schwartzman ML, Zeldin DC. Vascular actions of 20-HETE. Prostaglandins Other Lipid Mediat 2015; 120:9-16. [PMID: 25813407 DOI: 10.1016/j.prostaglandins.2015.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2014] [Revised: 02/27/2015] [Accepted: 03/04/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
20-hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid (20-HETE) is a metabolite of arachidonic acid that exhibits a myriad of biological effects in the vascular system. This review discusses the current knowledge related to the effects of 20-HETE on vascular reactivity, activation, and remodeling, as well as its role in vascular inflammation and angiogenesis. The information explaining how 20-HETE and the renin-angiotensin system interact to promote hypertension, vasoconstriction, and vascular dysfunction is summarized in this article. 20-HETE enhances vascular inflammation and injury in models of diabetes, ischemia/reperfusion, and cerebrovascular oxidative stress. Recent studies also established a role for 20-HETE in normal and pathological angiogenesis conditions. This review will also discuss the molecular mechanisms through which 20-HETE induces these vascular actions. Potential additional studies are suggested to address shortcomings in the current knowledge of 20-HETE in the vascular system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samantha L Hoopes
- Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA
| | - Victor Garcia
- Department of Pharmacology, New York Medical College, Valhalla, NY, USA
| | - Matthew L Edin
- Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA
| | | | - Darryl C Zeldin
- Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA.
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Zhang B, Yi X, Wang C, Liao D, Lin J, Chi L. Cytochrome 4A11 Genetic Polymorphisms Increase Susceptibility to Ischemic Stroke and Associate with Atherothrombotic Events After Stroke in Chinese. Genet Test Mol Biomarkers 2015; 19:235-41. [PMID: 25734770 DOI: 10.1089/gtmb.2014.0305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
To evaluate the associations between four single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in CYP4A11 and CYP4F2 and ischemic stroke (IS), and between these variants and atherothrombotic events after stroke. IS patients (n=396) and controls (n=378) were genotyped for two CYP4A11 SNPs (rs2269231 and rs9333025) and two CYP4F2 SNPs (rs2108622 and rs3093135). Patients were followed up for 12 months after the stroke for the atherothrombotic events. The frequency of the rs9333025 GG genotype was significantly higher in IS patients than in controls. Logistic regression analysis showed that the presence of rs9333025 GG in patients was associated with significantly higher risk of IS. Cox regression analysis revealed that the rs9333025 GG genotype was an independent risk factor for atherothrombotic events after stroke. The rs9333025 GG genotype increases patients' susceptibility to IS and is associated with high frequencies of atherothrombotic events in stroke patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Biao Zhang
- 1 Department of Neurology, People's Hospital of Deyang City , Deyang, Sichuan, China
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Yi X, Liao D, Fu X, Zhang B, Wang C. Interaction among CYP2C8, EPHX2, and CYP4A11 Gene Variants Significantly Increases the Risk for Ischemic Stroke in Chinese Populations. J Atheroscler Thromb 2015; 22:1148-57. [DOI: 10.5551/jat.29025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Xingyang Yi
- Department of Neurology, People's Hospital of Deyang City
| | - Duanxiu Liao
- Department of Neurology, People's Hospital of Deyang City
| | - Xiuquan Fu
- Department of Neurology, People's Hospital of Deyang City
| | - Biao Zhang
- Department of Neurology, People's Hospital of Deyang City
| | - Chun Wang
- Department of Neurology, People's Hospital of Deyang City
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Fan F, Geurts AM, Murphy SR, Pabbidi MR, Jacob HJ, Roman RJ. Impaired myogenic response and autoregulation of cerebral blood flow is rescued in CYP4A1 transgenic Dahl salt-sensitive rat. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 2014; 308:R379-90. [PMID: 25540098 DOI: 10.1152/ajpregu.00256.2014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
We have reported that a reduction in renal production of 20-HETE contributes to development of hypertension in Dahl salt-sensitive (SS) rats. The present study examined whether 20-HETE production is also reduced in the cerebral vasculature of SS rats and whether this impairs the myogenic response and autoregulation of cerebral blood flow (CBF). The production of 20-HETE, the myogenic response of middle cerebral arteries (MCA), and autoregulation of CBF were compared in SS, SS-5(BN) rats and a newly generated CYP4A1 transgenic rat. 20-HETE production was 6-fold higher in cerebral arteries of CYP4A1 and SS-5(BN) than in SS rats. The diameter of the MCA decreased to 70 ± 3% to 65 ± 6% in CYP4A1 and SS-5(BN) rats when pressure was increased from 40 to 140 mmHg. In contrast, the myogenic response of MCA isolated from SS rats did not constrict. Administration of a 20-HETE synthesis inhibitor, HET0016, abolished the myogenic response of MCA in CYP4A1 and SS-5(BN) rats but had no effect in SS rats. Autoregulation of CBF was impaired in SS rats compared with CYP4A1 and SS-5(BN) rats. Blood-brain barrier leakage was 5-fold higher in the brain of SS rats than in SS-5(BN) and SS.CYP4A1 rats. These findings indicate that a genetic deficiency in the formation of 20-HETE contributes to an impaired myogenic response in MCA and autoregulation of CBF in SS rats and this may contribute to vascular remodeling and cerebral injury following the onset of hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fan Fan
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi; and
| | - Aron M Geurts
- Human and Molecular Genetics Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin
| | - Sydney R Murphy
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi; and
| | - Mallikarjuna R Pabbidi
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi; and
| | - Howard J Jacob
- Human and Molecular Genetics Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin
| | - Richard J Roman
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi; and
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Abstract
20-Hydroxy-5, 8, 11, 14-eicosatetraenoic acid (20-HETE) is a cytochrome P450 (CYP)-derived omega-hydroxylation metabolite of arachidonic acid. 20-HETE has been shown to play a complex role in blood pressure regulation. In the kidney tubules, 20-HETE inhibits sodium reabsorption and promotes natriuresis, thus, contributing to antihypertensive mechanisms. In contrast, in the microvasculature, 20-HETE has been shown to play a pressor role by sensitizing smooth muscle cells to constrictor stimuli and increasing myogenic tone, and by acting on the endothelium to further promote endothelial dysfunction and endothelial activation. In addition, 20-HETE induces endothelial angiotensin-converting enzyme, thus, setting forth a potential feed forward prohypertensive mechanism by stimulating the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system. With the advancement of gene sequencing technology, numerous polymorphisms in the regulatory coding and noncoding regions of 20-HETE-producing enzymes, CYP4A11 and CYP4F2, have been associated with hypertension. This in-depth review article discusses the biosynthesis and function of 20-HETE in the cardiovascular system, the pharmacological agents that affect 20-HETE action, and polymorphisms of CYP enzymes that produce 20-HETE and are associated with systemic hypertension in humans.
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Sari AN, Korkmaz B, Serin MS, Kacan M, Unsal D, Buharalioglu CK, Firat SS, Manhati VL, Falck JR, Malik KU, Tunctan B. Effects of 5,14-HEDGE, a 20-HETE mimetic, on lipopolysaccharide-induced changes in MyD88/TAK1/IKKβ/IκB-α/NF-κB pathway and circulating miR-150, miR-223, and miR-297 levels in a rat model of septic shock. Inflamm Res 2014; 63:741-56. [PMID: 24915805 PMCID: PMC4158117 DOI: 10.1007/s00011-014-0747-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2013] [Revised: 05/15/2014] [Accepted: 05/26/2014] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES We have previously demonstrated that a stable synthetic analog of 20-hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid (20-HETE), N-(20-hydroxyeicosa-5[Z],14[Z]-dienoyl)glycine (5,14-HEDGE), which mimics the effects of endogenously produced 20-HETE, prevents vascular hyporeactivity, hypotension, tachycardia, inflammation, and mortality in a rodent model of septic shock. The present study was performed to determine whether decreased renal and cardiovascular expression and activity of myeloid differentiation factor 88 (MyD88)/transforming growth factor-activated kinase 1 (TAK1)/inhibitor of κB (IκB) kinase β (IKKβ)/IκB-α/nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) pathway and reduced circulating microRNA (miR)-150, miR-223, and miR-297 expression levels participate in the protective effect of 5,14-HEDGE against hypotension, tachycardia, and inflammation in response to systemic administration of lipopolysaccharide (LPS). METHODS Conscious male Wistar rats received saline (4 ml/kg) or LPS (10 mg/kg) at time 0. Blood pressure and heart rate were measured using a tail-cuff device. Separate groups of LPS-treated rats were given 5,14-HEDGE (30 mg/kg) 1 h after injection of saline or LPS. The rats were killed 4 h after LPS challenge and blood, kidney, heart, thoracic aorta, and superior mesenteric artery were collected for measurement of the protein expression. RESULTS LPS-induced fall in blood pressure and rise in heart rate were associated with increased MyD88 expression and phosphorylation of TAK1 and IκB-α in cytosolic fractions of the tissues. LPS also caused an increase in both unphosphorylated and phosphorylated NF-κB p65 proteins in the cytosolic and nuclear fractions as well as nuclear translocation of NF-κB p65. In addition, serum miR-150, miR-223, and miR-297 expression levels were increased in LPS-treated rats. These effects of LPS were prevented by 5,14-HEDGE. CONCLUSIONS These results suggest that downregulation of MyD88/TAK1/IKKβ/IκB-α/NF-κB pathway as well as decreased circulating miR-150, miR-223, and miR-297 expression levels participate in the protective effect of 5,14-HEDGE against hypotension, tachycardia, and inflammation in the rat model of septic shock.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Aorta, Thoracic/drug effects
- Aorta, Thoracic/metabolism
- Arterial Pressure/drug effects
- Disease Models, Animal
- Heart Rate/drug effects
- Hydroxyeicosatetraenoic Acids
- I-kappa B Kinase/metabolism
- I-kappa B Proteins/metabolism
- Kidney/drug effects
- Kidney/metabolism
- Lipopeptides/pharmacology
- Lipopeptides/therapeutic use
- Lipopolysaccharides
- MAP Kinase Kinase Kinases/metabolism
- Male
- Mesenteric Artery, Superior/drug effects
- Mesenteric Artery, Superior/metabolism
- MicroRNAs/blood
- Myeloid Differentiation Factor 88/metabolism
- Myocardium/metabolism
- Protective Agents/pharmacology
- Protective Agents/therapeutic use
- Rats, Wistar
- Shock, Septic/blood
- Shock, Septic/drug therapy
- Shock, Septic/metabolism
- Shock, Septic/physiopathology
- Transcription Factor RelA/metabolism
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Affiliation(s)
- A. Nihal Sari
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mersin University, Mersin, Turkey
| | - Belma Korkmaz
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mersin University, Mersin, Turkey
| | - Mehmet Sami Serin
- Department of Pharmaceutical Microbiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mersin University, Mersin, Turkey
| | - Meltem Kacan
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mersin University, Mersin, Turkey
| | - Demet Unsal
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mersin University, Mersin, Turkey
| | | | - Seyhan Sahan Firat
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mersin University, Mersin, Turkey
| | - Vijay L. Manhati
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - John R. Falck
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Kafait U. Malik
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, University of Tennessee, Center for Health Sciences, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Bahar Tunctan
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mersin University, Mersin, Turkey
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45
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Edpuganti V, Mehvar R. UHPLC–MS/MS analysis of arachidonic acid and 10 of its major cytochrome P450 metabolites as free acids in rat livers: Effects of hepatic ischemia. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2014; 964:153-63. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2013.08.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2013] [Revised: 07/29/2013] [Accepted: 08/05/2013] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
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Fan F, Sun CW, Maier KG, Williams JM, Pabbidi MR, Didion SP, Falck JR, Zhuo J, Roman RJ. 20-Hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid contributes to the inhibition of K+ channel activity and vasoconstrictor response to angiotensin II in rat renal microvessels. PLoS One 2013; 8:e82482. [PMID: 24324797 PMCID: PMC3853207 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0082482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2013] [Accepted: 11/02/2013] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study examined whether 20-hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid (HETE) contributes to the vasoconstrictor effect of angiotensin II (ANG II) in renal microvessels by preventing activation of the large conductance Ca2+-activated K+ channel (KCa) in vascular smooth muscle (VSM) cells. ANG II increased the production of 20-HETE in rat renal microvessels. This response was attenuated by the 20-HETE synthesis inhibitors, 17-ODYA and HET0016, a phospholipase A2 inhibitor AACOF3, and the AT1 receptor blocker, Losartan, but not by the AT2 receptor blocker, PD123319. ANG II (10-11 to 10-6 M) dose-dependently decreased the diameter of renal microvessels by 41 ± 5%. This effect was blocked by 17-ODYA. ANG II (10-7 M) did not alter KCa channel activity recorded from cell-attached patches on renal VSM cells under control conditions. However, it did reduce the NPo of the KCa channel by 93.4 ± 3.1% after the channels were activated by increasing intracellular calcium levels with ionomycin. The inhibitory effect of ANG II on KCa channel activity in the presence of ionomycin was attenuated by 17-ODYA, AACOF3, and the phospholipase C (PLC) inhibitor U-73122. ANG II induced a peak followed by a steady-state increase in intracellular calcium concentration in renal VSM cells. 17-ODYA (10-5 M) had no effect on the peak response, but it blocked the steady-state increase. These results indicate that ANG II stimulates the formation of 20-HETE in rat renal microvessels via the AT1 receptor activation and that 20-HETE contributes to the vasoconstrictor response to ANG II by blocking activation of KCa channel and facilitating calcium entry.
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MESH Headings
- Angiotensin II/pharmacology
- Animals
- Calcium/metabolism
- Gene Expression
- Hydroxyeicosatetraenoic Acids/metabolism
- Ionomycin/pharmacology
- Male
- Microvessels/drug effects
- Microvessels/metabolism
- Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/cytology
- Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/metabolism
- Myocytes, Smooth Muscle/drug effects
- Myocytes, Smooth Muscle/metabolism
- Phospholipases A2/metabolism
- Potassium Channel Blockers/pharmacology
- Potassium Channels/metabolism
- Potassium Channels, Calcium-Activated/antagonists & inhibitors
- Potassium Channels, Calcium-Activated/metabolism
- Rats
- Receptors, Angiotensin/genetics
- Receptors, Angiotensin/metabolism
- Renal Circulation/drug effects
- Renal Circulation/physiology
- Type C Phospholipases/metabolism
- Vasoconstrictor Agents/pharmacology
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Affiliation(s)
- Fan Fan
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi, United States of America
| | - Cheng-Wen Sun
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, North Dakota State University, Fargo, North Dakota, United States of America
| | - Kristopher G. Maier
- Division of Vascular Surgery and Endovascular Services, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, New York, United States of America
| | - Jan M. Williams
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi, United States of America
| | - Malikarjuna R. Pabbidi
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi, United States of America
| | - Sean P. Didion
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi, United States of America
| | - John R. Falck
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, United States of America
| | - Jialong Zhuo
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi, United States of America
| | - Richard J. Roman
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Alsaad AMS, Zordoky BNM, Tse MMY, El-Kadi AOS. Role of cytochrome P450-mediated arachidonic acid metabolites in the pathogenesis of cardiac hypertrophy. Drug Metab Rev 2013; 45:173-95. [PMID: 23600686 DOI: 10.3109/03602532.2012.754460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
A plethora of studies have demonstrated the expression of cytochrome P450 (CYP) and soluble epoxide hydrolase (sEH) enzymes in the heart and other cardiovascular tissues. In addition, the expression of these enzymes is altered during several cardiovascular diseases (CVDs), including cardiac hypertrophy (CH). The alteration in CYP and sEH expression results in derailed CYP-mediated arachidonic acid (AA) metabolism. In animal models of CH, it has been reported that there is an increase in 20-hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid (20-HETE) and a decrease in epoxyeicosatrienoic acids (EETs). Further, inhibiting 20-HETE production by CYP ω-hydroxylase inhibitors and increasing EET stability by sEH inhibitors have been proven to protect against CH as well as other CVDs. Therefore, CYP-mediated AA metabolites 20-HETE and EETs are potential key players in the pathogenesis of CH. Some studies have investigated the molecular mechanisms by which these metabolites mediate their effects on cardiomyocytes and vasculature leading to pathological CH. Activation of several intracellular signaling cascades, such as nuclear factor of activated T cells, nuclear factor kappa B, mitogen-activated protein kinases, Rho-kinases, Gp130/signal transducer and activator of transcription, extracellular matrix degradation, apoptotic cascades, inflammatory cytokines, and oxidative stress, has been linked to the pathogenesis of CH. In this review, we discuss how 20-HETE and EETs can affect these signaling pathways to result in, or protect from, CH, respectively. However, further understanding of these metabolites and their effects on intracellular cascades will be required to assess their potential translation to therapeutic approaches for the prevention and/or treatment of CH and heart failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdulaziz M S Alsaad
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2142J Katz Group-Rexall Center for Pharmacy and Health Research, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada T6G 2E1
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Wang J, Liu X, Zhong Y. Rho/Rho-associated kinase pathway in glaucoma (Review). Int J Oncol 2013; 43:1357-67. [PMID: 24042317 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2013.2100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2013] [Accepted: 08/21/2013] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The Rho/ROCK pathway plays important roles in the modulation of the cytoskeletal integrity of cells, the synthesis of extracellular matrix components in the aqueous humor outflow tissue and the permeability of Schlemm's canal endothelial cells. The activation of the Rho/ROCK pathway results in trabecular meshwork (TM) contraction, and the inhibition of this pathway would provoke relaxation of TM with subsequent increase in outflow facility and, thereby, decrease intraocular pressure (IOP). ROCK inhibitors also serve as potent anti‑scarring agents via inhibition of transdifferentiation of tenon fibroblasts into myofibroblasts. Furthermore, the RhoA/ROCK pathway is involved in optic nerve neuroprotection. Inactivation of Rho/ROCK signaling increase ocular blood flow, improve retinal ganglion cell (RGC) survival and promote RGC axon regeneration. Considering the IOP modulation, potent bleb anti-scarring effect and neuroprotective properties of ROCK inhibitors, the Rho/ROCK pathway is an attractive target for anti-glaucoma therapy, and it may be used for human therapy in the near future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Wang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Ruijin Hospital Affiliated Medical School, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai 200025, P.R. China
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49
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Roman RJ, Renic M, Dunn KMJ, Takeuchi K, Hacein-Bey L. Evidence that 20-HETE contributes to the development of acute and delayed cerebral vasospasm. Neurol Res 2013; 28:738-49. [PMID: 17164037 DOI: 10.1179/016164106x152016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
Abstract
Recent studies have indicated that arachidonic acid (AA) is metabolized by the cytochrome P450 4A (CYP4A) enzymes in cerebral arteries to produce 20-hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid (20-HETE) and that this compound has effects on cerebral vascular tone that mimic those seen following subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH). In this regard, 20-HETE is a potent constrictor of cerebral arteries that decreases the open state probability of Ca(2+)-activated K(+) channels through activation of protein kinase C (PKC). It increases the sensitivity of the contractile apparatus to Ca(2+) by activating PKC and rho kinase. The formation of 20-HETE is stimulated by angiotensin II (AII), endothelin, adenosine triphosphate (ATP) and serotonin, and inhibited by NO, CO and superoxide radicals. Inhibitors of the formation of 20-HETE block the myogenic response of cerebral arterioles to elevations in transmural pressure in vitro and autoregulation of cerebral blood flow (CBF) in vivo. 20-HETE also plays an important role in modulating the cerebral vascular responses to vasodilators (NO and CO) and vasoconstrictors (AII, endothelin, serotonin). Recent studies have indicated that the levels of 20-HETE in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) increase in rats, dogs and human patients following SAH and that inhibitors of the synthesis of 20-HETE prevent the acute fall in CBF in rats and reverse delayed vasospasm in both dogs and rats. This review examines the evidence that an elevation in the production of 20-HETE contributes to the initial fall in CBF following SAH and the later development of delayed vasospasm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard J Roman
- Department of Physiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA.
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Tunctan B, Korkmaz B, Sari AN, Kacan M, Unsal D, Serin MS, Buharalioglu CK, Sahan-Firat S, Cuez T, Schunck WH, Manthati VL, Falck JR, Malik KU. Contribution of iNOS/sGC/PKG pathway, COX-2, CYP4A1, and gp91(phox) to the protective effect of 5,14-HEDGE, a 20-HETE mimetic, against vasodilation, hypotension, tachycardia, and inflammation in a rat model of septic shock. Nitric Oxide 2013; 33:18-41. [PMID: 23684565 DOI: 10.1016/j.niox.2013.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2013] [Revised: 04/23/2013] [Accepted: 05/07/2013] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
We have previously demonstrated that a stable synthetic analog of 20-hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid (20-HETE), N-[20-hydroxyeicosa-5(Z),14(Z)-dienoyl]glycine (5,14-HEDGE), prevents vascular hyporeactivity, hypotension, tachycardia, and inflammation in rats treated with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and mortality in endotoxemic mice. These changes were attributed to decreased production of inducible nitric oxide (NO) synthase (iNOS)-derived NO, cyclooxygenase (COX)-2-derived vasodilator prostanoids, and proinflammatory mediators associated with increased cyctochrome P450 (CYP) 4A1-derived 20-HETE and CYP2C23-dependent antiinflammatory mediator formation. The aim of this study was to determine whether decreased expression and activity of iNOS, soluble guanylyl cyclase (sGC), protein kinase G (PKG), COX-2, gp91(phox) (NOX2; a superoxide generating NOX enzyme), and peroxynitrite production associated with increased expression of COX-1 and CYP4A1 and 20-HETE formation in renal and cardiovascular tissues of rats contributes to the effect of 5,14-HEDGE to prevent vasodilation, hypotension, tachycardia, and inflammation in response to systemic administration of LPS. Mean arterial pressure fell by 28mmHg and heart rate rose by 47beats/min in LPS (10mg/kg, i.p.)-treated rats. Administration of LPS also increased mRNA and protein expression of iNOS and COX-2 associated with a decrease in COX-1 and CYP4A1 mRNA and protein expression. Increased NOS activity, iNOS-heat shock protein 90 complex formation (an index for iNOS activity), protein expression of phosphorylated vasodilator stimulated phosphoprotein (an index for PKG activity), gp91(phox), p47(phox) (NOXO2; organizer subunit of gp91(phox)), and nitrotyrosine (an index for peroxynitrite production) as well as cGMP (an index for sGC activity), 6-keto-PGF1α (a stable metabolite PGI2) and PGE2 levels (indexes for COX activity), and nitrotyrosine levels by LPS were also associated with decreased CYP hydroxylase activity as measured by 20-HETE formation from arachidonic acid in renal microsomes of LPS-treated rats. These effects of LPS, except iNOS mRNA and COX-1 protein expression, were prevented by 5,14-HEDGE (30mg/kg, s.c.; 1h after LPS). A competitive antagonist of vasoconstrictor effects of 20-HETE, 20-hydroxyeicosa-6(Z),15(Z)-dienoic acid (30mg/kg, s.c.; 1h after LPS) reversed the effects of 5,14-HEDGE, except iNOS and COX-1 mRNA and protein expression as well as expression of CYP4A1 mRNA. These results suggest that increased CYP4A1 expression and 20-HETE formation associated with suppression of iNOS/sGC/PKG pathway, COX-2, and gp91(phox) participate in the protective effect of 5,14-HEDGE against vasodilation, hypotension, tachycardia, and inflammation in the rat model of septic shock.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bahar Tunctan
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mersin University, 33169 Mersin, Turkey.
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