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Li N, Xue Y, Zhu C, Chen N, Qi M, Fang M, Huang S. The zinc-finger transcription factor KLF6 regulates cardiac fibrosis. Life Sci 2024; 351:122805. [PMID: 38851422 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2024.122805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2024] [Revised: 05/09/2024] [Accepted: 06/04/2024] [Indexed: 06/10/2024]
Abstract
AIMS Heart failure (HF) is one of the most devastating consequences of cardiovascular diseases. Regardless of etiology, cardiac fibrosis is present and promotes the loss of heart function in HF patients. Cardiac resident fibroblasts, in response to a host of pro-fibrogenic stimuli, trans-differentiate into myofibroblasts to mediate cardiac fibrosis, the underlying mechanism of which remains incompletely understood. METHODS Fibroblast-myofibroblast transition was induced in vitro by exposure to transforming growth factor (TGF-β). Cardiac fibrosis was induced in mice by either transverse aortic constriction (TAC) or by chronic infusion with angiotensin II (Ang II). RESULTS Through bioinformatic screening, we identified Kruppel-like factor 6 (KLF6) as a transcription factor preferentially up-regulated in cardiac fibroblasts from individuals with non-ischemic cardiomyopathy (NICM) compared to the healthy donors. Further analysis showed that nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) bound to the KLF6 promoter and mediated KLF6 trans-activation by pro-fibrogenic stimuli. KLF6 knockdown attenuated whereas KLF6 over-expression enhanced TGF-β induced fibroblast-myofibroblast transition in vitro. More importantly, myofibroblast-specific KLF6 depletion ameliorated cardiac fibrosis and rescued heart function in mice subjected to the TAC procedure or chronic Ang II infusion. SIGNIFICANCE In conclusion, our data support a role for KLF6 in cardiac fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nan Li
- Key Laboratory of Targeted Intervention of Cardiovascular Disease and Collaborative Innovation Center for Cardiovascular Translational Medicine, Department of Human Anatomy, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yujia Xue
- Key Laboratory of Targeted Intervention of Cardiovascular Disease and Collaborative Innovation Center for Cardiovascular Translational Medicine, Department of Human Anatomy, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Chenghao Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Department of Pharmacology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Naxia Chen
- Hainan Provincial Key Laboratory for Tropical Cardiovascular Diseases Research and Key Laboratory of Emergency and Trauma of Ministry of Education, Institute of Cardiovascular Research, Department of Cardiology, the First Affiliated Hospital, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, China
| | - Mengwen Qi
- Center for Experimental Medicine, Jiangsu Health Vocational College, Nanjing, China
| | - Mingming Fang
- Center for Experimental Medicine, Jiangsu Health Vocational College, Nanjing, China.
| | - Shan Huang
- Hainan Provincial Key Laboratory for Tropical Cardiovascular Diseases Research and Key Laboratory of Emergency and Trauma of Ministry of Education, Institute of Cardiovascular Research, Department of Cardiology, the First Affiliated Hospital, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, China.
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2
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Rayes J, Brill A. Hot under the clot: venous thrombogenesis is an inflammatory process. Blood 2024; 144:477-489. [PMID: 38728383 DOI: 10.1182/blood.2023022522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2023] [Revised: 04/29/2024] [Accepted: 05/01/2024] [Indexed: 05/12/2024] Open
Abstract
ABSTRACT Venous thrombosis (VT) is a serious medical condition in which a blood clot forms in deep veins, often causing limb swelling and pain. Current antithrombotic therapies carry significant bleeding risks resulting from targeting essential coagulation factors. Recent advances in this field have revealed that the cross talk between the innate immune system and coagulation cascade is a key driver of VT pathogenesis, offering new opportunities for potential therapeutic interventions without inducing bleeding complications. This review summarizes and discusses recent evidence from preclinical models on the role of inflammation in VT development. We highlight the major mechanisms by which endothelial cell activation, Weibel-Palade body release, hypoxia, reactive oxygen species, inflammasome, neutrophil extracellular traps, and other immune factors cooperate to initiate and propagate VT. We also review emerging clinical data describing anti-inflammatory approaches as adjuncts to anticoagulation in VT treatment. Finally, we identify key knowledge gaps and future directions that could maximize the benefit of anti-inflammatory therapies in VT. Identifying and targeting the inflammatory factors driving VT, either at the endothelial cell level or within the clot, may pave the way for new therapeutic possibilities for improving VT treatment and reducing thromboembolic complications without increasing bleeding risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julie Rayes
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Alexander Brill
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
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3
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Askonas C, Storm J, Camarda G, Craig A, Pain A. Transcriptional responses of brain endothelium to Plasmodium falciparum patient-derived isolates in vitro. Microbiol Spectr 2024; 12:e0072724. [PMID: 38864616 PMCID: PMC11218514 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.00727-24] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2024] [Accepted: 04/29/2024] [Indexed: 06/13/2024] Open
Abstract
A hallmark of cerebral malaria (CM) is sequestration of Plasmodium falciparum-infected erythrocytes (IE) within the brain microvasculature. Binding of IE to endothelium reduces microvascular flow and, combined with an inflammatory response, perturbs endothelial barrier function, resulting in breakdown of the blood-brain barrier (BBB). Cytoadherence leads to activation of the endothelium and alters a range of cell processes affecting signaling pathways, receptor expression, coagulation, and disruption of BBB integrity. Here, we investigated whether CM-derived parasites elicit differential effects on human brain microvascular endothelial cells (HBMECs), as compared to uncomplicated malaria (UM)-derived parasites. Patient-derived IE from UM and CM clinical cases, as well as non-binding skeleton-binding protein 1 knockout parasites, were overlaid onto tumour necrosis factor (TNF)-activated HBMECs. Gene expression analysis of endothelial responses was performed using probe-based assays of a panel of genes involved in inflammation, apoptosis, endothelial barrier function, and prostacyclin synthesis pathway. We observed a significant effect on endothelial transcriptional responses in the presence of IE, yet there was no significant correlation between HBMEC responses and type of clinical syndrome (UM or CM). Furthermore, there was no correlation between HBMEC gene expression and both binding itself and level of IE binding to HBMECs, as we detected the same change in endothelial responses when employing both binding and non-binding parasites. Our results suggest that interaction of IE with endothelial cells in this co-culture model induces some endothelial responses that are independent of clinical origin and independent of the expression of the major variant antigen Plasmodium falciparum erythrocyte membrane protein 1 on the IE surface. IMPORTANCE Cerebral malaria (CM) is the most prevalent and deadly complication of severe Plasmodium falciparum infection. A hallmark of this disease is sequestration of P. falciparum-infected erythrocytes (IE) in brain microvasculature that ultimately results in breakdown of the blood-brain barrier. Here, we compared the effect of P. falciparum parasites derived from uncomplicated malaria (UM) and CM cases on the relative gene expression of human brain microvascular endothelial cells (HBMECs) for a panel of genes. We observed a significant effect on the endothelial transcriptional response in the presence of IE, yet there is no significant correlation between HBMEC responses and the type of clinical syndrome (UM or CM). Furthermore, there was no correlation between HBMEC gene expression and both binding itself and the level of IE binding to HBMECs. Our results suggest that interaction of IE with endothelial cells induces endothelial responses that are independent of clinical origin and not entirely driven by surface Plasmodium falciparum erythrocyte membrane protein 1 expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline Askonas
- Pathogen Genomics Laboratory, Bioscience Program, Biological and Environmental Sciences and Engineering (BESE) Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal, Saudi Arabia
| | - Janet Storm
- Tropical Disease Biology, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Grazia Camarda
- Tropical Disease Biology, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Alister Craig
- Tropical Disease Biology, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Arnab Pain
- Pathogen Genomics Laboratory, Bioscience Program, Biological and Environmental Sciences and Engineering (BESE) Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal, Saudi Arabia
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4
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Akhter MZ, Yazbeck P, Tauseef M, Anwar M, Hossen F, Datta S, Vellingiri V, Chandra Joshi J, Toth PT, Srivastava N, Lenzini S, Zhou G, Lee J, Jain MK, Shin JW, Mehta D. FAK regulates tension transmission to the nucleus and endothelial transcriptome independent of kinase activity. Cell Rep 2024; 43:114297. [PMID: 38824643 PMCID: PMC11262709 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2024.114297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2022] [Revised: 01/29/2024] [Accepted: 05/14/2024] [Indexed: 06/04/2024] Open
Abstract
The mechanical environment generated through the adhesive interaction of endothelial cells (ECs) with the matrix controls nuclear tension, preventing aberrant gene synthesis and the transition from restrictive to leaky endothelium, a hallmark of acute lung injury (ALI). However, the mechanisms controlling tension transmission to the nucleus and EC-restrictive fate remain elusive. Here, we demonstrate that, in a kinase-independent manner, focal adhesion kinase (FAK) safeguards tension transmission to the nucleus to maintain EC-restrictive fate. In FAK-depleted ECs, robust activation of the RhoA-Rho-kinase pathway increased EC tension and phosphorylation of the nuclear envelope protein, emerin, activating DNMT3a. Activated DNMT3a methylates the KLF2 promoter, impairing the synthesis of KLF2 and its target S1PR1 to induce the leaky EC transcriptome. Repleting FAK (wild type or kinase dead) or inhibiting RhoA-emerin-DNMT3a activities in damaged lung ECs restored KLF2 transcription of the restrictive EC transcriptome. Thus, FAK sensing and control of tension transmission to the nucleus govern restrictive endothelium to maintain lung homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Zahid Akhter
- Department of Pharmacology & Regenerative Medicine and Center for Lung and Vascular Biology, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Pascal Yazbeck
- Department of Pharmacology & Regenerative Medicine and Center for Lung and Vascular Biology, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Mohammad Tauseef
- Department of Pharmacology & Regenerative Medicine and Center for Lung and Vascular Biology, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Mumtaz Anwar
- Department of Pharmacology & Regenerative Medicine and Center for Lung and Vascular Biology, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Faruk Hossen
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Sayanti Datta
- Department of Pharmacology & Regenerative Medicine and Center for Lung and Vascular Biology, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Vigneshwaran Vellingiri
- Department of Pharmacology & Regenerative Medicine and Center for Lung and Vascular Biology, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Jagdish Chandra Joshi
- Department of Pharmacology & Regenerative Medicine and Center for Lung and Vascular Biology, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Peter T Toth
- Department of Pharmacology & Regenerative Medicine and Center for Lung and Vascular Biology, Chicago, IL, USA; Research Resources Center, University of Illinois, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Nityanand Srivastava
- Department of Pharmacology & Regenerative Medicine and Center for Lung and Vascular Biology, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Stephen Lenzini
- Department of Pharmacology & Regenerative Medicine and Center for Lung and Vascular Biology, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Guangjin Zhou
- Department of Population and Quantitative Health Sciences, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - James Lee
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Mukesh K Jain
- Division of Biology and Medicine, Warren Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Jae-Won Shin
- Department of Pharmacology & Regenerative Medicine and Center for Lung and Vascular Biology, Chicago, IL, USA; Department of Biomedical Engineering, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Dolly Mehta
- Department of Pharmacology & Regenerative Medicine and Center for Lung and Vascular Biology, Chicago, IL, USA.
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5
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Nwokoye PN, Abilez OJ. Bioengineering methods for vascularizing organoids. CELL REPORTS METHODS 2024; 4:100779. [PMID: 38759654 PMCID: PMC11228284 DOI: 10.1016/j.crmeth.2024.100779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2023] [Revised: 03/01/2024] [Accepted: 04/24/2024] [Indexed: 05/19/2024]
Abstract
Organoids, self-organizing three-dimensional (3D) structures derived from stem cells, offer unique advantages for studying organ development, modeling diseases, and screening potential therapeutics. However, their translational potential and ability to mimic complex in vivo functions are often hindered by the lack of an integrated vascular network. To address this critical limitation, bioengineering strategies are rapidly advancing to enable efficient vascularization of organoids. These methods encompass co-culturing organoids with various vascular cell types, co-culturing lineage-specific organoids with vascular organoids, co-differentiating stem cells into organ-specific and vascular lineages, using organoid-on-a-chip technology to integrate perfusable vasculature within organoids, and using 3D bioprinting to also create perfusable organoids. This review explores the field of organoid vascularization, examining the biological principles that inform bioengineering approaches. Additionally, this review envisions how the converging disciplines of stem cell biology, biomaterials, and advanced fabrication technologies will propel the creation of increasingly sophisticated organoid models, ultimately accelerating biomedical discoveries and innovations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter N Nwokoye
- Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Oscar J Abilez
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Division of Pediatric CT Surgery, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Maternal and Child Health Research Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Bio-X Program, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.
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6
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Lee SM, Lee JW, Cho J, Choi S, Kim I, Pack CG, Ha CH. Yeast-derived particulate beta-glucan induced angiogenesis via regulating PI3K/Src and ERK1/2 signaling pathway. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 269:131884. [PMID: 38685541 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.131884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2023] [Revised: 03/20/2024] [Accepted: 04/24/2024] [Indexed: 05/02/2024]
Abstract
The importance of β-glucan from S. cerevisiae in angiogenesis has not been well studied. We investigated whether β-glucan induces angiogenesis through PI3K/Src and ERK1/2 signaling pathway in HUVECs. We identified that β-glucan induced phosphorylation of PI3K, Src, Akt, eNOS, and ERK1/2. Subsequently, we found that this phosphorylation increased the viability of HUVECs. We also observed that stimulation of β-glucan promoted the activity of MEF2 and MEF2-dependent pro-angiogenic genes, including EGR2, EGR3, KLF2, and KLF4. Additionally, the role of β-glucan in angiogenesis was confirmed using in vitro and ex vivo experiments including cell migration, capillary-like tube formation and mouse aorta ring assays. To determine the effect of β-glucan on the PI3K/Akt/eNOS and ERK1/2 signaling pathway, PI3K inhibitor wortmannin and ERK1/2 inhibitor SCH772984 were used. Through the Matrigel plug assay, we confirmed that β-glucan significantly increased angiogenesis in vivo. Taken together, our study demonstrates that β-glucan promotes angiogenesis via through PI3K and ERK1/2 signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seung Min Lee
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Asan Institute for Life Sciences, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin Woo Lee
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Asan Institute for Life Sciences, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeongin Cho
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Asan Institute for Life Sciences, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sujin Choi
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Asan Institute for Life Sciences, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Inki Kim
- Department of Pharmacology, Asan Institute for Life Sciences, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Chan-Gi Pack
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Asan Institute for Life Sciences, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Chang Hoon Ha
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Asan Institute for Life Sciences, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
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7
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Thottakara T, Padmanabhan A, Tanriverdi T, Thambidurai T, Diaz-RG JA, Amonkar SR, Olgin JE, Long CS, Roselle Abraham M. Single-nucleus RNA/ATAC-seq in early-stage HCM models predicts SWI/SNF-activation in mutant-myocytes, and allele-specific differences in fibroblasts. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.04.24.589078. [PMID: 38903075 PMCID: PMC11188105 DOI: 10.1101/2024.04.24.589078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/22/2024]
Abstract
Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) is associated with phenotypic variability. To gain insights into transcriptional regulation of cardiac phenotype, single-nucleus linked RNA-/ATAC-seq was performed in 5-week-old control mouse-hearts (WT) and two HCM-models (R92W-TnT, R403Q-MyHC) that exhibit differences in heart size/function and fibrosis; mutant data was compared to WT. Analysis of 23,304 nuclei from mutant hearts, and 17,669 nuclei from WT, revealed similar dysregulation of gene expression, activation of AP-1 TFs (FOS, JUN) and the SWI/SNF complex in both mutant ventricular-myocytes. In contrast, marked differences were observed between mutants, for gene expression/TF enrichment, in fibroblasts, macrophages, endothelial cells. Cellchat predicted activation of pro-hypertrophic IGF-signaling in both mutant ventricular-myocytes, and profibrotic TGFβ-signaling only in mutant-TnT fibroblasts. In summary, our bioinformatics analyses suggest that activation of IGF-signaling, AP-1 TFs and the SWI/SNF chromatin remodeler complex promotes myocyte hypertrophy in early-stage HCM. Selective activation of TGFβ-signaling in mutant-TnT fibroblasts contributes to genotype-specific differences in cardiac fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tilo Thottakara
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Francisco, Division of Cardiology, San Francisco
- Department of Cardiology, University Heart and Vascular Center Hamburg, Germany
| | - Arun Padmanabhan
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Francisco, Division of Cardiology, San Francisco
- Gladstone Institutes, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Talha Tanriverdi
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Francisco, Division of Cardiology, San Francisco
| | - Tharika Thambidurai
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Francisco, Division of Cardiology, San Francisco
| | - Jose A. Diaz-RG
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Francisco, Division of Cardiology, San Francisco
| | - Sanika R. Amonkar
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Francisco, Division of Cardiology, San Francisco
| | - Jeffrey E. Olgin
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Francisco, Division of Cardiology, San Francisco
| | - Carlin S. Long
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Francisco, Division of Cardiology, San Francisco
| | - M. Roselle Abraham
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Francisco, Division of Cardiology, San Francisco
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8
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Tamargo IA, Baek KI, Xu C, Kang DW, Kim Y, Andueza A, Williams D, Demos C, Villa-Roel N, Kumar S, Park C, Choi R, Johnson J, Chang S, Kim P, Tan S, Jeong K, Tsuji S, Jo H. HEG1 Protects Against Atherosclerosis by Regulating Stable Flow-Induced KLF2/4 Expression in Endothelial Cells. Circulation 2024; 149:1183-1201. [PMID: 38099436 PMCID: PMC11001532 DOI: 10.1161/circulationaha.123.064735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2023] [Accepted: 11/08/2023] [Indexed: 03/09/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Atherosclerosis preferentially occurs in arterial regions of disturbed blood flow, and stable flow (s-flow) protects against atherosclerosis by incompletely understood mechanisms. METHODS Our single-cell RNA-sequencing data using the mouse partial carotid ligation model was reanalyzed, which identified Heart-of-glass 1 (HEG1) as an s-flow-induced gene. HEG1 expression was studied by immunostaining, quantitive polymerase chain reaction, hybridization chain reaction, and Western blot in mouse arteries, human aortic endothelial cells (HAECs), and human coronary arteries. A small interfering RNA-mediated knockdown of HEG1 was used to study its function and signaling mechanisms in HAECs under various flow conditions using a cone-and-plate shear device. We generated endothelial-targeted, tamoxifen-inducible HEG1 knockout (HEG1iECKO) mice. To determine the role of HEG1 in atherosclerosis, HEG1iECKO and littermate-control mice were injected with an adeno-associated virus-PCSK9 [proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9] and fed a Western diet to induce hypercholesterolemia either for 2 weeks with partial carotid ligation or 2 months without the surgery. RESULTS S-flow induced HEG1 expression at the mRNA and protein levels in vivo and in vitro. S-flow stimulated HEG1 protein translocation to the downstream side of HAECs and release into the media, followed by increased messenger RNA and protein expression. HEG1 knockdown prevented s-flow-induced endothelial responses, including monocyte adhesion, permeability, and migration. Mechanistically, HEG1 knockdown prevented s-flow-induced KLF2/4 (Kruppel-like factor 2/4) expression by regulating its intracellular binding partner KRIT1 (Krev interaction trapped protein 1) and the MEKK3-MEK5-ERK5-MEF2 pathway in HAECs. Compared with littermate controls, HEG1iECKO mice exposed to hypercholesterolemia for 2 weeks and partial carotid ligation developed advanced atherosclerotic plaques, featuring increased necrotic core area, thin-capped fibroatheroma, inflammation, and intraplaque hemorrhage. In a conventional Western diet model for 2 months, HEG1iECKO mice also showed an exacerbated atherosclerosis development in the arterial tree in both sexes and the aortic sinus in males but not in females. Moreover, endothelial HEG1 expression was reduced in human coronary arteries with advanced atherosclerotic plaques. CONCLUSIONS Our findings indicate that HEG1 is a novel mediator of atheroprotective endothelial responses to flow and a potential therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ian A Tamargo
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory University, Atlanta, GA (I.A.T., K.I.B., C.X., D.W.K., Y.K., A.A., D.W., C.D., N.V.-R., S.K., C.P., R.C., J.J., S.C., P.K., S.T., K.J., H.J.)
- Molecular and Systems Pharmacology Program (I.A.T., D.W., H.J.), Emory University, Atlanta, GA
| | - Kyung In Baek
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory University, Atlanta, GA (I.A.T., K.I.B., C.X., D.W.K., Y.K., A.A., D.W., C.D., N.V.-R., S.K., C.P., R.C., J.J., S.C., P.K., S.T., K.J., H.J.)
| | - Chenbo Xu
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory University, Atlanta, GA (I.A.T., K.I.B., C.X., D.W.K., Y.K., A.A., D.W., C.D., N.V.-R., S.K., C.P., R.C., J.J., S.C., P.K., S.T., K.J., H.J.)
| | - Dong Won Kang
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory University, Atlanta, GA (I.A.T., K.I.B., C.X., D.W.K., Y.K., A.A., D.W., C.D., N.V.-R., S.K., C.P., R.C., J.J., S.C., P.K., S.T., K.J., H.J.)
| | - Yerin Kim
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory University, Atlanta, GA (I.A.T., K.I.B., C.X., D.W.K., Y.K., A.A., D.W., C.D., N.V.-R., S.K., C.P., R.C., J.J., S.C., P.K., S.T., K.J., H.J.)
| | - Aitor Andueza
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory University, Atlanta, GA (I.A.T., K.I.B., C.X., D.W.K., Y.K., A.A., D.W., C.D., N.V.-R., S.K., C.P., R.C., J.J., S.C., P.K., S.T., K.J., H.J.)
| | - Darian Williams
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory University, Atlanta, GA (I.A.T., K.I.B., C.X., D.W.K., Y.K., A.A., D.W., C.D., N.V.-R., S.K., C.P., R.C., J.J., S.C., P.K., S.T., K.J., H.J.)
- Molecular and Systems Pharmacology Program (I.A.T., D.W., H.J.), Emory University, Atlanta, GA
| | - Catherine Demos
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory University, Atlanta, GA (I.A.T., K.I.B., C.X., D.W.K., Y.K., A.A., D.W., C.D., N.V.-R., S.K., C.P., R.C., J.J., S.C., P.K., S.T., K.J., H.J.)
| | - Nicolas Villa-Roel
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory University, Atlanta, GA (I.A.T., K.I.B., C.X., D.W.K., Y.K., A.A., D.W., C.D., N.V.-R., S.K., C.P., R.C., J.J., S.C., P.K., S.T., K.J., H.J.)
| | - Sandeep Kumar
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory University, Atlanta, GA (I.A.T., K.I.B., C.X., D.W.K., Y.K., A.A., D.W., C.D., N.V.-R., S.K., C.P., R.C., J.J., S.C., P.K., S.T., K.J., H.J.)
| | - Christian Park
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory University, Atlanta, GA (I.A.T., K.I.B., C.X., D.W.K., Y.K., A.A., D.W., C.D., N.V.-R., S.K., C.P., R.C., J.J., S.C., P.K., S.T., K.J., H.J.)
| | - Rachel Choi
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory University, Atlanta, GA (I.A.T., K.I.B., C.X., D.W.K., Y.K., A.A., D.W., C.D., N.V.-R., S.K., C.P., R.C., J.J., S.C., P.K., S.T., K.J., H.J.)
| | - Janie Johnson
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory University, Atlanta, GA (I.A.T., K.I.B., C.X., D.W.K., Y.K., A.A., D.W., C.D., N.V.-R., S.K., C.P., R.C., J.J., S.C., P.K., S.T., K.J., H.J.)
| | - Seowon Chang
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory University, Atlanta, GA (I.A.T., K.I.B., C.X., D.W.K., Y.K., A.A., D.W., C.D., N.V.-R., S.K., C.P., R.C., J.J., S.C., P.K., S.T., K.J., H.J.)
| | - Paul Kim
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory University, Atlanta, GA (I.A.T., K.I.B., C.X., D.W.K., Y.K., A.A., D.W., C.D., N.V.-R., S.K., C.P., R.C., J.J., S.C., P.K., S.T., K.J., H.J.)
| | - Sheryl Tan
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory University, Atlanta, GA (I.A.T., K.I.B., C.X., D.W.K., Y.K., A.A., D.W., C.D., N.V.-R., S.K., C.P., R.C., J.J., S.C., P.K., S.T., K.J., H.J.)
| | - Kiyoung Jeong
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory University, Atlanta, GA (I.A.T., K.I.B., C.X., D.W.K., Y.K., A.A., D.W., C.D., N.V.-R., S.K., C.P., R.C., J.J., S.C., P.K., S.T., K.J., H.J.)
| | - Shoutaro Tsuji
- Medical Technology & Clinical Engineering, Gunma University of Health and Welfare, Maebashi, Japan (S.T.)
| | - Hanjoong Jo
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory University, Atlanta, GA (I.A.T., K.I.B., C.X., D.W.K., Y.K., A.A., D.W., C.D., N.V.-R., S.K., C.P., R.C., J.J., S.C., P.K., S.T., K.J., H.J.)
- Molecular and Systems Pharmacology Program (I.A.T., D.W., H.J.), Emory University, Atlanta, GA
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine (H.J.), Emory University, Atlanta, GA
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9
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Stroope C, Nettersheim FS, Coon B, Finney AC, Schwartz MA, Ley K, Rom O, Yurdagul A. Dysregulated cellular metabolism in atherosclerosis: mediators and therapeutic opportunities. Nat Metab 2024; 6:617-638. [PMID: 38532071 PMCID: PMC11055680 DOI: 10.1038/s42255-024-01015-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2023] [Accepted: 02/20/2024] [Indexed: 03/28/2024]
Abstract
Accumulating evidence over the past decades has revealed an intricate relationship between dysregulation of cellular metabolism and the progression of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease. However, an integrated understanding of dysregulated cellular metabolism in atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease and its potential value as a therapeutic target is missing. In this Review, we (1) summarize recent advances concerning the role of metabolic dysregulation during atherosclerosis progression in lesional cells, including endothelial cells, vascular smooth muscle cells, macrophages and T cells; (2) explore the complexity of metabolic cross-talk between these lesional cells; (3) highlight emerging technologies that promise to illuminate unknown aspects of metabolism in atherosclerosis; and (4) suggest strategies for targeting these underexplored metabolic alterations to mitigate atherosclerosis progression and stabilize rupture-prone atheromas with a potential new generation of cardiovascular therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chad Stroope
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, Shreveport, LA, USA
| | - Felix Sebastian Nettersheim
- La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Department of Cardiology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Brian Coon
- Yale Cardiovascular Research Center, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
- Cardiovascular Biology Research Program, OMRF, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
- Department of Cell Biology, Oklahoma University Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | - Alexandra C Finney
- Department of Pathology and Translational Pathobiology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, Shreveport, LA, USA
| | - Martin A Schwartz
- Yale Cardiovascular Research Center, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
- Departments of Cell Biology and Biomedical Engineering, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Klaus Ley
- La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA
- Immunology Center of Georgia (IMMCG), Augusta University Immunology Center of Georgia, Augusta, GA, USA
| | - Oren Rom
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, Shreveport, LA, USA
- Department of Pathology and Translational Pathobiology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, Shreveport, LA, USA
| | - Arif Yurdagul
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, Shreveport, LA, USA.
- Department of Pathology and Translational Pathobiology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, Shreveport, LA, USA.
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10
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Shaw P, Dwivedi SKD, Bhattacharya R, Mukherjee P, Rao G. VEGF signaling: Role in angiogenesis and beyond. Biochim Biophys Acta Rev Cancer 2024; 1879:189079. [PMID: 38280470 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbcan.2024.189079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2023] [Revised: 01/16/2024] [Accepted: 01/22/2024] [Indexed: 01/29/2024]
Abstract
Angiogenesis is a crucial process for tissue development, repair, and tumor survival. Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) is a key driver secreted by cancer cells, promoting neovascularization. While VEGF's role in angiogenesis is well-documented, its influence on the other aspects in tumor microenvironemt is less discussed. This review elaborates on VEGF's impact on intercellular interactions within the tumor microenvironment, including how VEGF affects pericyte proliferation and migration and mediates interactions between tumor-associated macrophages and cancer cells, resulting in PDL-1-mediated immunosuppression and Nrf2-mediated epithelial-mesenchymal transition. The review discusses VEGF's involvement in intra-organelle crosstalk, tumor metabolism, stemness, and epithelial-mesenchymal transition. It also provides insights into current anti-VEGF therapies and their limitations in cancer treatment. Overall, this review aims to provide a thorough overview of the current state of knowledge concerning VEGF signaling and its impact, not only on angiogenesis but also on various other oncogenic processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pallab Shaw
- Peggy and Charles Stephenson Cancer Center, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA; Department of Pathology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA
| | - Shailendra Kumar Dhar Dwivedi
- Peggy and Charles Stephenson Cancer Center, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA
| | - Resham Bhattacharya
- Peggy and Charles Stephenson Cancer Center, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA
| | - Priyabrata Mukherjee
- Peggy and Charles Stephenson Cancer Center, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA; Department of Pathology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA
| | - Geeta Rao
- Peggy and Charles Stephenson Cancer Center, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA; Department of Pathology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA.
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11
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Hu S, Hang X, Wei Y, Wang H, Zhang L, Zhao L. Crosstalk among podocytes, glomerular endothelial cells and mesangial cells in diabetic kidney disease: an updated review. Cell Commun Signal 2024; 22:136. [PMID: 38374141 PMCID: PMC10875896 DOI: 10.1186/s12964-024-01502-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2023] [Accepted: 01/28/2024] [Indexed: 02/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Diabetic kidney disease (DKD) is a long-term and serious complication of diabetes that affects millions of people worldwide. It is characterized by proteinuria, glomerular damage, and renal fibrosis, leading to end-stage renal disease, and the pathogenesis is complex and involves multiple cellular and molecular mechanisms. Among three kinds of intraglomerular cells including podocytes, glomerular endothelial cells (GECs) and mesangial cells (MCs), the alterations in one cell type can produce changes in the others. The cell-to-cell crosstalk plays a crucial role in maintaining the glomerular filtration barrier (GFB) and homeostasis. In this review, we summarized the recent advances in understanding the pathological changes and interactions of these three types of cells in DKD and then focused on the signaling pathways and factors that mediate the crosstalk, such as angiopoietins, vascular endothelial growth factors, transforming growth factor-β, Krüppel-like factors, retinoic acid receptor response protein 1 and exosomes, etc. Furthermore, we also simply introduce the application of the latest technologies in studying cell interactions within glomerular cells and new promising mediators for cell crosstalk in DKD. In conclusion, this review provides a comprehensive and updated overview of the glomerular crosstalk in DKD and highlights its importance for the development of novel intervention approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiwan Hu
- Institute of Metabolic Diseases, Guang' anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100053, China
- Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Xing Hang
- Institute of Metabolic Diseases, Guang' anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100053, China
- Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Yu Wei
- Institute of Metabolic Diseases, Guang' anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100053, China
- Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Han Wang
- Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100029, China.
| | - Lili Zhang
- Institute of Metabolic Diseases, Guang' anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100053, China.
| | - Linhua Zhao
- Institute of Metabolic Diseases, Guang' anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100053, China.
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12
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Shin K, Begeman IJ, Cao J, Kang J. leptin b and its regeneration enhancer illustrate the regenerative features of zebrafish hearts. Dev Dyn 2024; 253:91-106. [PMID: 36495292 PMCID: PMC10256838 DOI: 10.1002/dvdy.556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2022] [Revised: 11/11/2022] [Accepted: 11/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Zebrafish possess a remarkable regenerative capacity, which is mediated by the induction of various genes upon injury. Injury-dependent transcription is governed by the tissue regeneration enhancer elements (TREEs). Here, we utilized leptin b (lepb), an injury-specific factor, and its TREE to dissect heterogeneity of noncardiomyocytes (CMs) in regenerating hearts. RESULTS Our single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) analysis demonstrated that the endothelium/endocardium(EC) is activated to induce distinct subpopulations upon injury. We demonstrated that lepb can be utilized as a regeneration-specific marker to subset injury-activated ECs. lepb+ ECs robustly induce pro-regenerative factors, implicating lepb+ ECs as a signaling center to interact with other cardiac cells. Our scRNA-seq analysis identified that lepb is also produced by subpopulation of epicardium (Epi) and epicardium-derived cells (EPDCs). To determine whether lepb labels injury-emerging non-CM cells, we tested the activity of lepb-linked regeneration enhancer (LEN) with chromatin accessibility profiles and transgenic lines. While nondetectable in uninjured hearts, LEN directs EC and Epi/EPDC expression upon injury. The endogenous LEN activity was assessed using LEN deletion lines, demonstrating that LEN deletion abolished injury-dependent expression of lepb, but not other nearby genes. CONCLUSIONS Our integrative analyses identify regeneration-emerging cell-types and factors, leading to the discovery of regenerative features of hearts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kwangdeok Shin
- Department of Cell and Regenerative Biology, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin – Madison, Madison, WI, 53705, USA
| | - Ian J. Begeman
- Department of Cell and Regenerative Biology, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin – Madison, Madison, WI, 53705, USA
| | - Jingli Cao
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Weill Cornell Medical College, 1300 York Avenue, New York, NY 10021, USA
| | - Junsu Kang
- Department of Cell and Regenerative Biology, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin – Madison, Madison, WI, 53705, USA
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13
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Kotlyarov S. Identification of Important Genes Associated with the Development of Atherosclerosis. Curr Gene Ther 2024; 24:29-45. [PMID: 36999180 DOI: 10.2174/1566523223666230330091241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2022] [Revised: 12/06/2022] [Accepted: 01/26/2023] [Indexed: 04/01/2023]
Abstract
Atherosclerosis is one of the most important medical problems due to its prevalence and significant contribution to the structure of temporary and permanent disability and mortality. Atherosclerosis is a complex chain of events occurring in the vascular wall over many years. Disorders of lipid metabolism, inflammation, and impaired hemodynamics are important mechanisms of atherogenesis. A growing body of evidence strengthens the understanding of the role of genetic and epigenetic factors in individual predisposition and development of atherosclerosis and its clinical outcomes. In addition, hemodynamic changes, lipid metabolism abnormalities, and inflammation are closely related and have many overlapping links in regulation. A better study of these mechanisms may improve the quality of diagnosis and management of such patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stanislav Kotlyarov
- Department of Nursing, Ryazan State Medical University Named After Academician I.P. Pavlov, Russian Federation
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14
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Luo J, Fang H, Wang D, Hu J, Zhang W, Jiang R. Molecular Mechanism of SOX18 in Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Injury of Human Umbilical Vein Endothelial Cells. Crit Rev Immunol 2024; 44:1-12. [PMID: 38421701 DOI: 10.1615/critrevimmunol.2023050792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/02/2024]
Abstract
Endothelial dysfunction is associated with the progression of sepsis. This study sought to probe the molecular route of sex-determining region on the Y chromosome-box transcription factor 18 (SOX18) in sepsis-associated endothelial injury. Human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) were treated with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) to establish the sepsis cell model. Cell viability, lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) release, oxidative stress (reactive oxygen species/malondialdehyde/superoxide dismutase), and inflammation (interleukin-1β/tumor necrosis factor-α/interleukin-6) were evaluated by cell counting kit-8 assay and relevant assay kits. The expression levels of SOX18, microRNA (miR)-204-5p, and cadherin-2 (CDH2) in cells were determined by real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction and Western blot assay. The interaction of SOX18, miR-204-5p, and CDH2 was analyzed by chromatin immunoprecipitation and dual-luciferase assay. LPS induced HUVECs injury and downregulation of SOX18. SOX18 overexpression increased cell viability, while decreased LDH activity, oxidative stress, and inflammation. SOX18 bound to the miR-204-5p promoter to promote miR-204-5p expression, and further repressed CDH2 expression. miR-204-5p knockdown and CDH2 overexpression abrogated the protective role of SOX18 in HUVECs injury. Overall, SOX18 alleviated LPS-induced injury of HUVECs by promoting miR-204-5p and repressing CDH2, suggesting it as a potential target for sepsis treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Luo
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Quzhou People's Hospital, Quzhou, China
| | - Honglong Fang
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Quzhou People's Hospital, Quzhou, China
| | - Danqiong Wang
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Quzhou People's Hospital, Quzhou, China
| | - Jianhua Hu
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Quzhou People's Hospital, Quzhou, China
| | - Weiwen Zhang
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Quzhou People's Hospital, Quzhou, China
| | - Ronglin Jiang
- the First Clinical Medical College of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University
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15
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Peng W, Xie Y, Xia J, Qi H, Liu K, Li B, Zhang F, Wen F, Zhang L. Integrated analysis of the lncRNA-associated competing endogenous RNA network in salt sensitivity of blood pressure. Heliyon 2023; 9:e22466. [PMID: 38125519 PMCID: PMC10731005 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e22466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2023] [Revised: 11/12/2023] [Accepted: 11/13/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Accumulating evidence showed that competing endogenous RNA (ceRNA) mechanism plays a pivotal role in salt sensitivity of blood pressure (SSBP). We constructed a ceRNA network based on SSBP-related differently expressed lncRNAs (2), mRNAs (73) and miRNAs (18). Bioinformatic analyses were utilized to analyze network and found network genes participate in biological pathways related to SSBP pathogenesis such as regulation of nitric oxide biosynthetic process (GO:0045,428) and cellular response to cytokine stimulus (GO:0071,345). Fourteen candidate ceRNA pathways were selected from network to perform qRT-PCR validation and found nine RNAs (KCNQ1OT1, SLC8A1-AS1, IL1B, BCL2L11, KCNJ15, CX3CR1, KLF2, hsa-miR-362-5p and hsa-miR-423-5p) differently expressed between salt-sensitive (SS) and salt-resistant (SR) groups (P < 0.05). Four ceRNA pathways were further validated by luciferase reporter assay and found KCNQ1OT1→hsa-miR-362-5p/hsa-miR-423-5p→IL1B pathways may influence the pathogenic mechanism of SS. Our findings suggested the ceRNA pathway and network may affect SS occurrence mainly through endothelial dysfunction and inflammatory activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjuan Peng
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, And Beijing Municipal Key Laboratory of Clinical Epidemiology, Beijing 100069, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases, Institute of Infectious Diseases, Beijing Ditan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100015, China
| | - Yunyi Xie
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, And Beijing Municipal Key Laboratory of Clinical Epidemiology, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Juan Xia
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, And Beijing Municipal Key Laboratory of Clinical Epidemiology, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Han Qi
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, And Beijing Municipal Key Laboratory of Clinical Epidemiology, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Kuo Liu
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, And Beijing Municipal Key Laboratory of Clinical Epidemiology, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Bingxiao Li
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, And Beijing Municipal Key Laboratory of Clinical Epidemiology, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Fengxu Zhang
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, And Beijing Municipal Key Laboratory of Clinical Epidemiology, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Fuyuan Wen
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, And Beijing Municipal Key Laboratory of Clinical Epidemiology, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Ling Zhang
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, And Beijing Municipal Key Laboratory of Clinical Epidemiology, Beijing 100069, China
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16
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Wu J, Wang Z, Cai M, Wang X, Lo B, Li Q, He JC, Lee K, Fu J. GPR56 Promotes Diabetic Kidney Disease Through eNOS Regulation in Glomerular Endothelial Cells. Diabetes 2023; 72:1652-1663. [PMID: 37579299 PMCID: PMC10588296 DOI: 10.2337/db23-0124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2023] [Accepted: 08/09/2023] [Indexed: 08/16/2023]
Abstract
Although glomerular endothelial dysfunction is well recognized as contributing to the pathogenesis of diabetic kidney disease (DKD), the molecular pathways contributing to DKD pathogenesis in glomerular endothelial cells (GECs) are only partially understood. To uncover pathways that are differentially regulated in early DKD that may contribute to disease pathogenesis, we recently conducted a transcriptomic analysis of isolated GECs from diabetic NOS3-null mice. The analysis identified several potential mediators of early DKD pathogenesis, one of which encoded an adhesion G protein-coupled receptor-56 (GPR56), also known as ADGRG1. Enhanced glomerular expression of GPR56 was observed in human diabetic kidneys, which was negatively associated with kidney function. Using cultured mouse GECs, we observed that GPR56 expression was induced with exposure to advanced glycation end products, as well as in high-glucose conditions, and its overexpression resulted in decreased phosphorylation and expression of endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS). This effect on eNOS by GPR56 was mediated by coupling of Gα12/13-RhoA pathway activation and Gαi-mediated cAMP/PKA pathway inhibition. The loss of GPR56 in mice led to a significant reduction in diabetes-induced albuminuria and glomerular injury, which was associated with reduced oxidative stress and restoration of eNOS expression in GECs. These findings suggest that GPR56 promotes DKD progression mediated, in part, through enhancing glomerular endothelial injury and dysfunction. ARTICLE HIGHLIGHTS
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinshan Wu
- Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Zhihong Wang
- Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Minchao Cai
- Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY
| | - Xuan Wang
- Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY
| | - Benjamin Lo
- Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY
| | - Qifu Li
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - John Cijiang He
- Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY
- Renal Program, James J. Peters Veterans Affairs Medical Center at Bronx, Bronx, NY
| | - Kyung Lee
- Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY
| | - Jia Fu
- Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY
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17
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Welch CL, Aldred MA, Balachandar S, Dooijes D, Eichstaedt CA, Gräf S, Houweling AC, Machado RD, Pandya D, Prapa M, Shaukat M, Southgate L, Tenorio-Castano J, Chung WK. Defining the clinical validity of genes reported to cause pulmonary arterial hypertension. Genet Med 2023; 25:100925. [PMID: 37422716 PMCID: PMC10766870 DOI: 10.1016/j.gim.2023.100925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2023] [Revised: 06/26/2023] [Accepted: 06/29/2023] [Indexed: 07/10/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is a rare, progressive vasculopathy with significant cardiopulmonary morbidity and mortality. Genetic testing is currently recommended for adults diagnosed with heritable, idiopathic, anorexigen-, hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia-, and congenital heart disease-associated PAH, PAH with overt features of venous/capillary involvement, and all children diagnosed with PAH. Variants in at least 27 genes have putative evidence for PAH causality. Rigorous assessment of the evidence is needed to inform genetic testing. METHODS An international panel of experts in PAH applied a semi-quantitative scoring system developed by the NIH Clinical Genome Resource to classify the relative strength of evidence supporting PAH gene-disease relationships based on genetic and experimental evidence. RESULTS Twelve genes (BMPR2, ACVRL1, ATP13A3, CAV1, EIF2AK4, ENG, GDF2, KCNK3, KDR, SMAD9, SOX17, and TBX4) were classified as having definitive evidence and 3 genes (ABCC8, GGCX, and TET2) with moderate evidence. Six genes (AQP1, BMP10, FBLN2, KLF2, KLK1, and PDGFD) were classified as having limited evidence for causal effects of variants. TOPBP1 was classified as having no known PAH relationship. Five genes (BMPR1A, BMPR1B, NOTCH3, SMAD1, and SMAD4) were disputed because of a paucity of genetic evidence over time. CONCLUSION We recommend that genetic testing includes all genes with definitive evidence and that caution be taken in the interpretation of variants identified in genes with moderate or limited evidence. Genes with no known evidence for PAH or disputed genes should not be included in genetic testing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carrie L Welch
- Department of Pediatrics, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY
| | - Micheala A Aldred
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, Sleep and Occupational Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, IN
| | - Srimmitha Balachandar
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, Sleep and Occupational Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, IN
| | - Dennis Dooijes
- Department of Genetics, University Medical Centre Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Christina A Eichstaedt
- Center for Pulmonary Hypertension, Thoraxklinik-Heidelberg gGmbH, at Heidelberg University Hospital and Translational Lung Research Center, German Center for Lung Research, Heidelberg, Germany; Laboratory for Molecular Genetic Diagnostics, Institute of Human Genetics, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Stefan Gräf
- NIHR BioResource for Translational Research - Rare Diseases, Department of Haemotology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, United Kingdom; Department of Medicine, School of Clinical Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Arjan C Houweling
- Department of Human Genetics, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Rajiv D Machado
- Molecular and Clinical Sciences Research Institute, St George's University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Divya Pandya
- Department of Medicine, School of Clinical Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Matina Prapa
- Department of Medicine, School of Clinical Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, United Kingdom; St. George's University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | - Memoona Shaukat
- Center for Pulmonary Hypertension, Thoraxklinik-Heidelberg gGmbH, at Heidelberg University Hospital and Translational Lung Research Center, German Center for Lung Research, Heidelberg, Germany; Laboratory for Molecular Genetic Diagnostics, Institute of Human Genetics, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Laura Southgate
- Molecular and Clinical Sciences Research Institute, St George's University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Jair Tenorio-Castano
- Institute of Medical and Molecular Genetics (INGEMM), Hospital Universitario La Paz, IDiPAZ, Universidad Autonoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain; ITHACA, European Reference Network, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Wendy K Chung
- Department of Pediatrics, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY; Department of Medicine, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY.
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18
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Albogami S. Genome-Wide Identification of lncRNA and mRNA for Diagnosing Type 2 Diabetes in Saudi Arabia. Pharmgenomics Pers Med 2023; 16:859-882. [PMID: 37731406 PMCID: PMC10508282 DOI: 10.2147/pgpm.s427977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2023] [Accepted: 09/06/2023] [Indexed: 09/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose According to the World Health Organization, Saudi Arabia ranks seventh worldwide in the number of patients with diabetes mellitus. To our knowledge, no research has addressed the potential of noncoding RNA as a diagnostic and/or management biomarker for patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) living in high-altitude areas. This study aimed to identify molecular biomarkers influencing patients with T2DM living in high-altitude areas by analyzing lncRNA and mRNA. Patients and Methods RNA sequencing and bioinformatics analyses were used to identify significantly expressed lncRNAs and mRNAs in T2DM and healthy control groups. Coding potential was analyzed using coding-noncoding indices, the coding potential calculator, and PFAM, and the lncRNA function was predicted using Pearson's correlation. Differentially expressed transcripts between the groups were identified, and Gene Ontology and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes enrichment analyses were performed to identify the biological functions of both lncRNAs and mRNAs. Results We assembled 1766 lncRNAs in the T2DM group, of which 582 were novel. This study identified three lncRNA target genes (KLF2, CREBBP, and REL) and seven mRNAs (PIK3CD, PIK3R5, IL6R, TYK2, ZAP70, LAMTOR4, and SSH2) significantly enriched in important pathways, playing a role in the progression of T2DM. Conclusion To the best of our knowledge, this comprehensive study is the first to explore the applicability of certain lncRNAs as diagnostic or management biomarkers for T2DM in females in Taif City, Saudi Arabia through the genome-wide identification of lncRNA and mRNA profiling using RNA seq and bioinformatics analysis. Our findings could help in the early diagnosis of T2DM and in designing effective therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Albogami
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Science, Taif University, Taif, 21944, Saudi Arabia
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19
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Fonseca CG, Silvério V, Barata D, Giese W, Gerhardt H, Cardoso S, Franco CA. A 96-wells fluidic system for high-throughput screenings under laminar high wall shear stress conditions. MICROSYSTEMS & NANOENGINEERING 2023; 9:114. [PMID: 37719414 PMCID: PMC10504069 DOI: 10.1038/s41378-023-00589-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2023] [Revised: 06/14/2023] [Accepted: 07/26/2023] [Indexed: 09/19/2023]
Abstract
The ability of endothelial cells to respond to blood flow is fundamental for the correct formation and maintenance of a functional and hierarchically organized vascular network. Defective flow responses, in particular related to high flow conditions, have been associated with atherosclerosis, stroke, arteriovenous malformations, and neurodegenerative diseases. Yet, the molecular mechanisms involved in high flow response are still poorly understood. Here, we described the development and validation of a 96-wells fluidic system, with interchangeable cell culture and fluidics, to perform high-throughput screenings under laminar high-flow conditions. We demonstrated that endothelial cells in our newly developed 96-wells fluidic system respond to fluid flow-induced shear stress by aligning along the flow direction and increasing the levels of KLF2 and KLF4. We further demonstrate that our 96-wells fluidic system allows for efficient gene knock-down compatible with automated liquid handling for high-throughput screening platforms. Overall, we propose that this modular 96-well fluidic system is an excellent platform to perform genome-wide and/or drug screenings to identify the molecular mechanisms involved in the responses of endothelial cells to high wall shear stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catarina Gonçalves Fonseca
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular João Lobo Antunes, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Vânia Silvério
- INESC Microsistemas and Nanotecnologias, INESC-MN, Lisboa, Portugal
- Department of Physics, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - David Barata
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular João Lobo Antunes, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Wolfgang Giese
- Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine, Berlin, Germany
- DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Holger Gerhardt
- Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine, Berlin, Germany
- DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Susana Cardoso
- INESC Microsistemas and Nanotecnologias, INESC-MN, Lisboa, Portugal
- Department of Physics, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Claudio Areias Franco
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular João Lobo Antunes, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
- Universidade Católica Portuguesa, Católica Medical School, Católica Biomedical Research Centre, Lisbon, Portugal
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20
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McConnell MJ, Kostallari E, Ibrahim SH, Iwakiri Y. The evolving role of liver sinusoidal endothelial cells in liver health and disease. Hepatology 2023; 78:649-669. [PMID: 36626620 PMCID: PMC10315420 DOI: 10.1097/hep.0000000000000207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2022] [Accepted: 11/25/2022] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
LSECs are a unique population of endothelial cells within the liver and are recognized as key regulators of liver homeostasis. LSECs also play a key role in liver disease, as dysregulation of their quiescent phenotype promotes pathological processes within the liver including inflammation, microvascular thrombosis, fibrosis, and portal hypertension. Recent technical advances in single-cell analysis have characterized distinct subpopulations of the LSECs themselves with a high resolution and defined their gene expression profile and phenotype, broadening our understanding of their mechanistic role in liver biology. This article will review 4 broad advances in our understanding of LSEC biology in general: (1) LSEC heterogeneity, (2) LSEC aging and senescence, (3) LSEC role in liver regeneration, and (4) LSEC role in liver inflammation and will then review the role of LSECs in various liver pathologies including fibrosis, DILI, alcohol-associated liver disease, NASH, viral hepatitis, liver transplant rejection, and ischemia reperfusion injury. The review will conclude with a discussion of gaps in knowledge and areas for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew J. McConnell
- Section of Digestive Disease, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | | | - Samar H. Ibrahim
- Division of Gastroenterology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN
- Division of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN
| | - Yasuko Iwakiri
- Section of Digestive Disease, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
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21
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Sun L, Li X, Luo H, Guo H, Zhang J, Chen Z, Lin F, Zhao G. EZH2 can be used as a therapeutic agent for inhibiting endothelial dysfunction. Biochem Pharmacol 2023; 213:115594. [PMID: 37207700 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2023.115594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2023] [Revised: 05/01/2023] [Accepted: 05/04/2023] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Enhancer of zeste homolog 2 (EZH2) is a catalytic subunit of polycomb repressor complex 2 and plays important roles in endothelial cell homeostasis. EZH2 functionally methylates lysine 27 of histone H3 and represses gene expression through chromatin compaction. EZH2 mediates the effects of environmental stimuli by regulating endothelial functions, such as angiogenesis, endothelial barrier integrity, inflammatory signaling, and endothelial mesenchymal transition. Numerous studies have been conducted to determine the significance of EZH2 in endothelial function. The aim of this review is to provide a concise summary of the roles EZH2 plays in endothelial function and elucidate its therapeutic potential in cardiovascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Sun
- Cardiovascular Research Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan 453100, China; Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Injury and Repair Medicine of Henan, Weihui, China
| | - Xuefang Li
- Cardiovascular Research Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan 453100, China; Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Injury and Repair Medicine of Henan, Weihui, China
| | - Hui Luo
- Cardiovascular Research Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan 453100, China; Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Injury and Repair Medicine of Henan, Weihui, China
| | - Huige Guo
- Cardiovascular Research Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan 453100, China; Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Injury and Repair Medicine of Henan, Weihui, China
| | - Jie Zhang
- Cardiovascular Research Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan 453100, China; Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Injury and Repair Medicine of Henan, Weihui, China
| | - Zhigang Chen
- Cardiovascular Research Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan 453100, China; Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Injury and Repair Medicine of Henan, Weihui, China
| | - Fei Lin
- Cardiovascular Research Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan 453100, China; Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Injury and Repair Medicine of Henan, Weihui, China.
| | - Guoan Zhao
- Cardiovascular Research Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan 453100, China; Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Injury and Repair Medicine of Henan, Weihui, China.
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22
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Airola C, Pallozzi M, Cerrito L, Santopaolo F, Stella L, Gasbarrini A, Ponziani FR. Microvascular Thrombosis and Liver Fibrosis Progression: Mechanisms and Clinical Applications. Cells 2023; 12:1712. [PMID: 37443746 PMCID: PMC10341358 DOI: 10.3390/cells12131712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2023] [Revised: 06/14/2023] [Accepted: 06/16/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Fibrosis is an unavoidable consequence of chronic inflammation. Extracellular matrix deposition by fibroblasts, stimulated by multiple pathways, is the first step in the onset of chronic liver disease, and its propagation promotes liver dysfunction. At the same time, chronic liver disease is characterized by alterations in primary and secondary hemostasis but unlike previously thought, these changes are not associated with an increased risk of bleeding complications. In recent years, the role of coagulation imbalance has been postulated as one of the main mechanisms promoting hepatic fibrogenesis. In this review, we aim to investigate the function of microvascular thrombosis in the progression of liver disease and highlight the molecular and cellular networks linking hemostasis to fibrosis in this context. We analyze the predictive and prognostic role of coagulation products as biomarkers of liver decompensation (ascites, variceal hemorrhage, and hepatic encephalopathy) and liver-related mortality. Finally, we evaluate the current evidence on the application of antiplatelet and anticoagulant therapies for prophylaxis of hepatic decompensation or prevention of the progression of liver fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlo Airola
- Hepatology Unit, CEMAD Centro Malattie dell'Apparato Digerente, Medicina Interna e Gastroenterologia, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy; (C.A.); (M.P.); (L.C.); (F.S.); (L.S.); (A.G.)
| | - Maria Pallozzi
- Hepatology Unit, CEMAD Centro Malattie dell'Apparato Digerente, Medicina Interna e Gastroenterologia, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy; (C.A.); (M.P.); (L.C.); (F.S.); (L.S.); (A.G.)
| | - Lucia Cerrito
- Hepatology Unit, CEMAD Centro Malattie dell'Apparato Digerente, Medicina Interna e Gastroenterologia, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy; (C.A.); (M.P.); (L.C.); (F.S.); (L.S.); (A.G.)
| | - Francesco Santopaolo
- Hepatology Unit, CEMAD Centro Malattie dell'Apparato Digerente, Medicina Interna e Gastroenterologia, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy; (C.A.); (M.P.); (L.C.); (F.S.); (L.S.); (A.G.)
| | - Leonardo Stella
- Hepatology Unit, CEMAD Centro Malattie dell'Apparato Digerente, Medicina Interna e Gastroenterologia, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy; (C.A.); (M.P.); (L.C.); (F.S.); (L.S.); (A.G.)
| | - Antonio Gasbarrini
- Hepatology Unit, CEMAD Centro Malattie dell'Apparato Digerente, Medicina Interna e Gastroenterologia, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy; (C.A.); (M.P.); (L.C.); (F.S.); (L.S.); (A.G.)
- Dipartimento di Medicina e Chirurgia Traslazionale, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Francesca Romana Ponziani
- Hepatology Unit, CEMAD Centro Malattie dell'Apparato Digerente, Medicina Interna e Gastroenterologia, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy; (C.A.); (M.P.); (L.C.); (F.S.); (L.S.); (A.G.)
- Dipartimento di Medicina e Chirurgia Traslazionale, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00168 Rome, Italy
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23
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Wang YK, Weng HK, Mo FE. The regulation and functions of the matricellular CCN proteins induced by shear stress. J Cell Commun Signal 2023:10.1007/s12079-023-00760-z. [PMID: 37191841 DOI: 10.1007/s12079-023-00760-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2023] [Accepted: 04/26/2023] [Indexed: 05/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Shear stress is a frictional drag generated by the flow of fluid, such as blood or interstitial fluid, and plays a critical role in regulating cellular gene expression and functional phenotype. The matricellular CCN family proteins are dynamically regulated by shear stress of different flow patterns, and their expression significantly alters the microenvironment of cells. Secreted CCN proteins mainly bind to several cell surface integrin receptors to mediate their diverse functions in regulating cell survival, function, and behavior. Gene-knockout studies indicate major functions of CCN proteins in the cardiovascular and skeletal systems, the two primary systems in which CCN expressions are regulated by shear stress. In the cardiovascular system, the endothelium is directly exposed to vascular shear stress. Unidirectional laminar blood flow generates laminar shear stress, which promotes a mature endothelial phenotype and upregulates anti-inflammatory CCN3 expression. In contrast, disturbed flow generates oscillatory shear stress, which induces endothelial dysfunction through the induction of CCN1 and CCN2. Shear-induced CCN1 binds to integrin α6β1 and promotes superoxide production, NF-κB activation, and inflammatory gene expression in endothelial cells. Although the interaction between shear stress and CCN4-6 is not clear, CCN 4 exhibits a proinflammatory property and CCN5 inhibits vascular cell growth and migration. The crucial roles of CCN proteins in cardiovascular development, homeostasis, and disease are evident but not fully understood. In the skeletal system, mechanical loading on bone generates shear stress from interstitial fluid in the lacuna-canalicular system and promotes osteoblast differentiation and bone formation. CCN1 and CCN2 are induced and potentially mediate fluid shear stress mechanosensing in osteocytes. However, the exact roles of interstitial shear stress-induced CCN1 and CCN2 in bone are still not clear. In contrast to other CCN family proteins, CCN3 inhibits osteoblast differentiation, although its regulation by interstitial shear stress in osteocytes has not been reported. The induction of CCN proteins by shear stress in bone and their functions remain largely unknown and merit further investigation. This review discusses the expression and functions of CCN proteins regulated by shear stress in physiological conditions, diseases, and cell culture models. The roles between CCN family proteins can be compensatory or counteractive in tissue remodeling and homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang-Kao Wang
- Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, 1 University Road, Tainan, 70101, Taiwan
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, 70101, Taiwan
| | - Hung-Kai Weng
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, 70101, Taiwan
- Department of Orthopedics, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, 70101, Taiwan
| | - Fan-E Mo
- Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, 1 University Road, Tainan, 70101, Taiwan.
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, 70101, Taiwan.
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24
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Kotlyarov S. The Role of Smoking in the Mechanisms of Development of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease and Atherosclerosis. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24108725. [PMID: 37240069 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24108725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2023] [Revised: 05/05/2023] [Accepted: 05/11/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Tobacco smoking is a major cause of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD). These diseases share common pathogenesis and significantly influence each other's clinical presentation and prognosis. There is increasing evidence that the mechanisms underlying the comorbidity of COPD and ASCVD are complex and multifactorial. Smoking-induced systemic inflammation, impaired endothelial function and oxidative stress may contribute to the development and progression of both diseases. The components present in tobacco smoke can have adverse effects on various cellular functions, including macrophages and endothelial cells. Smoking may also affect the innate immune system, impair apoptosis, and promote oxidative stress in the respiratory and vascular systems. The purpose of this review is to discuss the importance of smoking in the mechanisms underlying the comorbid course of COPD and ASCVD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stanislav Kotlyarov
- Department of Nursing, Ryazan State Medical University, 390026 Ryazan, Russia
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25
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Giarrizzo M, LaComb JF, Bialkowska AB. The Role of Krüppel-like Factors in Pancreatic Physiology and Pathophysiology. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24108589. [PMID: 37239940 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24108589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2023] [Revised: 05/04/2023] [Accepted: 05/06/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Krüppel-like factors (KLFs) belong to the family of transcription factors with three highly conserved zinc finger domains in the C-terminus. They regulate homeostasis, development, and disease progression in many tissues. It has been shown that KLFs play an essential role in the endocrine and exocrine compartments of the pancreas. They are necessary to maintain glucose homeostasis and have been implicated in the development of diabetes. Furthermore, they can be a vital tool in enabling pancreas regeneration and disease modeling. Finally, the KLF family contains proteins that act as tumor suppressors and oncogenes. A subset of members has a biphasic function, being upregulated in the early stages of oncogenesis and stimulating its progression and downregulated in the late stages to allow for tumor dissemination. Here, we describe KLFs' function in pancreatic physiology and pathophysiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Giarrizzo
- Department of Medicine, Renaissance School of Medicine at Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794, USA
| | - Joseph F LaComb
- Department of Medicine, Renaissance School of Medicine at Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794, USA
| | - Agnieszka B Bialkowska
- Department of Medicine, Renaissance School of Medicine at Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794, USA
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26
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Liu C, Shen M, Tan WLW, Chen IY, Liu Y, Yu X, Yang H, Zhang A, Liu Y, Zhao MT, Ameen M, Zhang M, Gross ER, Qi LS, Sayed N, Wu JC. Statins improve endothelial function via suppression of epigenetic-driven EndMT. NATURE CARDIOVASCULAR RESEARCH 2023; 2:467-485. [PMID: 37693816 PMCID: PMC10489108 DOI: 10.1038/s44161-023-00267-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2022] [Accepted: 03/31/2023] [Indexed: 09/12/2023]
Abstract
The pleiotropic benefits of statins in cardiovascular diseases that are independent of their lipid-lowering effects have been well documented, but the underlying mechanisms remain elusive. Here we show that simvastatin significantly improves human induced pluripotent stem cell-derived endothelial cell functions in both baseline and diabetic conditions by reducing chromatin accessibility at transcriptional enhanced associate domain elements and ultimately at endothelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EndMT)-regulating genes in a yes-associated protein (YAP)-dependent manner. Inhibition of geranylgeranyltransferase (GGTase) I, a mevalonate pathway intermediate, repressed YAP nuclear translocation and YAP activity via RhoA signaling antagonism. We further identified a previously undescribed SOX9 enhancer downstream of statin-YAP signaling that promotes the EndMT process. Thus, inhibition of any component of the GGTase-RhoA-YAP-SRY box transcription factor 9 (SOX9) signaling axis was shown to rescue EndMT-associated endothelial dysfunction both in vitro and in vivo, especially under diabetic conditions. Overall, our study reveals an epigenetic modulatory role for simvastatin in repressing EndMT to confer protection against endothelial dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun Liu
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
- Department of Medicine (Division of Cardiology), Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
- These authors contributed equally: Chun Liu, Mengcheng Shen, Wilson L. W. Tan
| | - Mengcheng Shen
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
- Department of Medicine (Division of Cardiology), Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
- These authors contributed equally: Chun Liu, Mengcheng Shen, Wilson L. W. Tan
| | - Wilson L. W. Tan
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
- Department of Medicine (Division of Cardiology), Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
- These authors contributed equally: Chun Liu, Mengcheng Shen, Wilson L. W. Tan
| | - Ian Y. Chen
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
- Department of Medicine (Division of Cardiology), Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
- Medical Service (Cardiology Section), Veterans Affairs Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, CA, USA
| | - Yu Liu
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
- Department of Medicine (Division of Cardiology), Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Xuan Yu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Huaxiao Yang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of North Texas, Denton, TX, USA
| | - Angela Zhang
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
- Department of Medicine (Division of Cardiology), Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
- Greenstone Biosciences, Palo Alto, CA, USA
| | - Yanxia Liu
- Department of Bioengineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Ming-Tao Zhao
- Center for Cardiovascular Research, Abigail Wexner Research Institute, Nationwide Children’s Hospital, Columbus, OH, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Mohamed Ameen
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
- Department of Medicine (Division of Cardiology), Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Mao Zhang
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
- Department of Medicine (Division of Cardiology), Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Eric R. Gross
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
- Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Lei S. Qi
- Department of Bioengineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
- Sarafan ChEM-H, Standford University, Stanford, CA, USA
- Chan Zuckerberg Biohub–San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Nazish Sayed
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
- Division of Vascular Surgery, Department of Surgery, Standford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Joseph C. Wu
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
- Department of Medicine (Division of Cardiology), Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
- Greenstone Biosciences, Palo Alto, CA, USA
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27
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Ling S, Blackburn BJ, Jenkins MW, Watanabe M, Ford SM, Lapierre-Landry M, Rollins AM. Segmentation of beating embryonic heart structures from 4-D OCT images using deep learning. BIOMEDICAL OPTICS EXPRESS 2023; 14:1945-1958. [PMID: 37206115 PMCID: PMC10191668 DOI: 10.1364/boe.481657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2022] [Revised: 01/29/2023] [Accepted: 02/20/2023] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Optical coherence tomography (OCT) has been used to investigate heart development because of its capability to image both structure and function of beating embryonic hearts. Cardiac structure segmentation is a prerequisite for the quantification of embryonic heart motion and function using OCT. Since manual segmentation is time-consuming and labor-intensive, an automatic method is needed to facilitate high-throughput studies. The purpose of this study is to develop an image-processing pipeline to facilitate the segmentation of beating embryonic heart structures from a 4-D OCT dataset. Sequential OCT images were obtained at multiple planes of a beating quail embryonic heart and reassembled to a 4-D dataset using image-based retrospective gating. Multiple image volumes at different time points were selected as key-volumes, and their cardiac structures including myocardium, cardiac jelly, and lumen, were manually labeled. Registration-based data augmentation was used to synthesize additional labeled image volumes by learning transformations between key-volumes and other unlabeled volumes. The synthesized labeled images were then used to train a fully convolutional network (U-Net) for heart structure segmentation. The proposed deep learning-based pipeline achieved high segmentation accuracy with only two labeled image volumes and reduced the time cost of segmenting one 4-D OCT dataset from a week to two hours. Using this method, one could carry out cohort studies that quantify complex cardiac motion and function in developing hearts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shan Ling
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Engineering and School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Brecken J. Blackburn
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Engineering and School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Michael W. Jenkins
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Engineering and School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Michiko Watanabe
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
- Division of Pediatric Cardiology, The Congenital Heart Collaborative, Rainbow Babies and Children’s Hospital, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Stephanie M. Ford
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
- Division of Pediatric Cardiology, The Congenital Heart Collaborative, Rainbow Babies and Children’s Hospital, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
- Division of Neonatology, Rainbow Babies and Children’s Hospital, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Maryse Lapierre-Landry
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Engineering and School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Andrew M. Rollins
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Engineering and School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
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28
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Kotlyarov S. Effects of Atherogenic Factors on Endothelial Cells: Bioinformatics Analysis of Differentially Expressed Genes and Signaling Pathways. Biomedicines 2023; 11:biomedicines11041216. [PMID: 37189834 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11041216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2023] [Revised: 04/15/2023] [Accepted: 04/17/2023] [Indexed: 05/17/2023] Open
Abstract
(1) Background: Atherosclerosis is a serious medical condition associated with high morbidity and mortality rates. It develops over many years as a complex chain of events in the vascular wall involving various cells and is influenced by many factors of clinical interest. (2) Methods: In this study, we performed a bioinformatic analysis of Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) datasets to investigate the gene ontology of differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in endothelial cells exposed to atherogenic factors such as tobacco smoking, oscillatory shear, and oxidized low-density lipoproteins (oxLDL). DEGs were identified using the limma R package, and gene ontology (GO), Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway enrichment, and protein-protein interaction (PPI) network analysis were performed. (3) Results: We studied biological processes and signaling pathways involving DEGs in endothelial cells under the influence of atherogenic factors. GO enrichment analysis demonstrated that the DEGs were mainly involved in cytokine-mediated signaling pathway, innate immune response, lipid biosynthetic process, 5-lipoxygenase activity, and nitric-oxide synthase activity. KEGG pathway enrichment analysis showed that common pathways included tumor necrosis factor signaling pathway, NF-κB signaling pathway, NOD-like receptor signaling pathway, lipid and atherosclerosis, lipoprotein particle binding, and apoptosis. (4) Conclusions: Atherogenic factors such as smoking, impaired flow, and oxLDL contribute to impaired innate immune response, metabolism, and apoptosis in endothelial cells, potentially leading to the development of atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stanislav Kotlyarov
- Department of Nursing, Ryazan State Medical University, 390026 Ryazan, Russia
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Kotlyarov S, Kotlyarova A. Participation of Krüppel-like Factors in Atherogenesis. Metabolites 2023; 13:metabo13030448. [PMID: 36984888 PMCID: PMC10052737 DOI: 10.3390/metabo13030448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2023] [Revised: 03/17/2023] [Accepted: 03/18/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Atherosclerosis is an important problem in modern medicine, the keys to understanding many aspects of which are still not available to clinicians. Atherosclerosis develops as a result of a complex chain of events in which many cells of the vascular wall and peripheral blood flow are involved. Endothelial cells, which line the vascular wall in a monolayer, play an important role in vascular biology. A growing body of evidence strengthens the understanding of the multifaceted functions of endothelial cells, which not only organize the barrier between blood flow and tissues but also act as regulators of hemodynamics and play an important role in regulating the function of other cells in the vascular wall. Krüppel-like factors (KLFs) perform several biological functions in various cells of the vascular wall. The large family of KLFs in humans includes 18 members, among which KLF2 and KLF4 are at the crossroads between endothelial cell mechanobiology and immunometabolism, which play important roles in both the normal vascular wall and atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stanislav Kotlyarov
- Department of Nursing, Ryazan State Medical University, 390026 Ryazan, Russia
| | - Anna Kotlyarova
- Department of Pharmacy Management and Economics, Ryazan State Medical University, 390026 Ryazan, Russia
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Samak M, Kues A, Kaltenborn D, Klösener L, Mietsch M, Germena G, Hinkel R. Dysregulation of Krüppel-like Factor 2 and Myocyte Enhancer Factor 2D Drive Cardiac Microvascular Inflammation and Dysfunction in Diabetes. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:2482. [PMID: 36768805 PMCID: PMC9916909 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24032482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2022] [Revised: 01/24/2023] [Accepted: 01/25/2023] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular complications are the main cause of morbidity and mortality from diabetes. Herein, vascular inflammation is a major pathological manifestation. We previously characterized the cardiac microvascular inflammatory phenotype in diabetic patients and highlighted micro-RNA 92a (miR-92a) as a driver of endothelial dysfunction. In this article, we further dissect the molecular underlying of these findings by addressing anti-inflammatory Krüppel-like factors 2 and 4 (KLF2 and KLF4). We show that KLF2 dysregulation in diabetes correlates with greater monocyte adhesion as well as migratory defects in cardiac microvascular endothelial cells. We also describe, for the first time, a role for myocyte enhancer factor 2D (MEF2D) in cardiac microvascular dysfunction in diabetes. We show that both KLFs 2 and 4, as well as MEF2D, are dysregulated in human and porcine models of diabetes. Furthermore, we prove a direct interaction between miR-92a and all three targets. Altogether, our data strongly qualify miR-92a as a potential therapeutic target for diabetes-associated cardiovascular disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mostafa Samak
- Laboratory Animal Science Unit, Leibniz-Institut für Primatenforschung, Deutsches Primatenzentrum GmbH, Kellnerweg 4, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
- DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Göttingen, 37075 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Andreas Kues
- Laboratory Animal Science Unit, Leibniz-Institut für Primatenforschung, Deutsches Primatenzentrum GmbH, Kellnerweg 4, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Diana Kaltenborn
- Laboratory Animal Science Unit, Leibniz-Institut für Primatenforschung, Deutsches Primatenzentrum GmbH, Kellnerweg 4, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Lina Klösener
- Laboratory Animal Science Unit, Leibniz-Institut für Primatenforschung, Deutsches Primatenzentrum GmbH, Kellnerweg 4, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
- DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Göttingen, 37075 Göttingen, Germany
- Institute for Animal Hygiene, Animal Welfare and Farm Animal Behaviour, University of Veterinary Medicine, 30173 Hannover, Germany
| | - Matthias Mietsch
- Laboratory Animal Science Unit, Leibniz-Institut für Primatenforschung, Deutsches Primatenzentrum GmbH, Kellnerweg 4, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
- DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Göttingen, 37075 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Giulia Germena
- Laboratory Animal Science Unit, Leibniz-Institut für Primatenforschung, Deutsches Primatenzentrum GmbH, Kellnerweg 4, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
- DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Göttingen, 37075 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Rabea Hinkel
- Laboratory Animal Science Unit, Leibniz-Institut für Primatenforschung, Deutsches Primatenzentrum GmbH, Kellnerweg 4, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
- DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Göttingen, 37075 Göttingen, Germany
- Institute for Animal Hygiene, Animal Welfare and Farm Animal Behaviour, University of Veterinary Medicine, 30173 Hannover, Germany
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Bkaily G, Jacques D. Morphological and Functional Remodeling of Vascular Endothelium in Cardiovascular Diseases. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24031998. [PMID: 36768314 PMCID: PMC9916505 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24031998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2022] [Revised: 12/29/2022] [Accepted: 01/01/2023] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
The vascular endothelium plays a vital role during embryogenesis and aging and is a cell monolayer that lines the blood vessels. The immune system recognizes the endothelium as its own. Therefore, an abnormality of the endothelium exposes the tissues to the immune system and provokes inflammation and vascular diseases such as atherosclerosis. Its secretory role allows it to release vasoconstrictors and vasorelaxants as well as cardio-modulatory factors that maintain the proper functioning of the circulatory system. The sealing of the monolayer provided by adhesion molecules plays an important role in cardiovascular physiology and pathology.
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32
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Meijer EM, Koch SE, van Dijk CGM, Maas RGC, Chrifi I, Szymczyk W, Besseling PJ, Pomp L, Koomen VJCH, Buikema JW, Bouten CVC, Verhaar MC, Smits AIPM, Cheng C. 3D Human iPSC Blood Vessel Organoids as a Source of Flow-Adaptive Vascular Cells for Creating a Human-Relevant 3D-Scaffold Based Macrovessel Model. Adv Biol (Weinh) 2023; 7:e2200137. [PMID: 36300913 DOI: 10.1002/adbi.202200137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2022] [Revised: 09/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
3D-scaffold based in vitro human tissue models accelerate disease studies and screening of pharmaceutics while improving the clinical translation of findings. Here is reported the use of human induced pluripotent stem cell (hiPSC)-derived vascular organoid cells as a new cell source for the creation of an electrospun polycaprolactone-bisurea (PCL-BU) 3D-scaffold-based, perfused human macrovessel model. A separation protocol is developed to obtain monocultures of organoid-derived endothelial cells (ODECs) and mural cells (ODMCs) from hiPSC vascular organoids. Shear stress responses of ODECs versus HUVECs and barrier function (by trans endothelial electrical resistance) are measured. PCL-BU scaffolds are seeded with ODECs and ODMCs, and tissue organization and flow adaptation are evaluated in a perfused bioreactor system. ODECs and ODMCs harvested from vascular organoids can be cryopreserved and expanded without loss of cell purity and proliferative capacity. ODECs are shear stress responsive and establish a functional barrier that self-restores after the thrombin challenge. Static bioreactor culture of ODECs/ODMCs seeded scaffolds results in a biomimetic vascular bi-layer hierarchy, which is preserved under laminar flow similar to scaffolds seeded with primary vascular cells. HiPSC-derived vascular organoids can be used as a source of functional, flow-adaptive vascular cells for the creation of 3D-scaffold based human macrovascular models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elana M Meijer
- Department of Nephrology and Hypertension, Division of Internal Medicine and Dermatology, University Medical Center Utrecht, 3584CX, Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Regenerative Medicine Center Utrecht, University Medical Center Utrecht, 3584CT, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Suzanne E Koch
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Eindhoven University of Technology, 5612AZ, Eindhoven, The Netherlands
- Institute for Complex Molecular Systems (ICMS), Eindhoven University of Technology, 5612AZ, Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Christian G M van Dijk
- Department of Nephrology and Hypertension, Division of Internal Medicine and Dermatology, University Medical Center Utrecht, 3584CX, Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Regenerative Medicine Center Utrecht, University Medical Center Utrecht, 3584CT, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Renee G C Maas
- Regenerative Medicine Center Utrecht, Department of Cardiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, 3584CX, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Ihsan Chrifi
- Department of Nephrology and Hypertension, Division of Internal Medicine and Dermatology, University Medical Center Utrecht, 3584CX, Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Regenerative Medicine Center Utrecht, University Medical Center Utrecht, 3584CT, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Wojciech Szymczyk
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Eindhoven University of Technology, 5612AZ, Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Paul J Besseling
- Department of Nephrology and Hypertension, Division of Internal Medicine and Dermatology, University Medical Center Utrecht, 3584CX, Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Regenerative Medicine Center Utrecht, University Medical Center Utrecht, 3584CT, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Lisa Pomp
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Eindhoven University of Technology, 5612AZ, Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Vera J C H Koomen
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Eindhoven University of Technology, 5612AZ, Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Jan Willem Buikema
- Regenerative Medicine Center Utrecht, Department of Cardiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, 3584CX, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Carlijn V C Bouten
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Eindhoven University of Technology, 5612AZ, Eindhoven, The Netherlands
- Institute for Complex Molecular Systems (ICMS), Eindhoven University of Technology, 5612AZ, Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Marianne C Verhaar
- Department of Nephrology and Hypertension, Division of Internal Medicine and Dermatology, University Medical Center Utrecht, 3584CX, Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Regenerative Medicine Center Utrecht, University Medical Center Utrecht, 3584CT, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Anthal I P M Smits
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Eindhoven University of Technology, 5612AZ, Eindhoven, The Netherlands
- Institute for Complex Molecular Systems (ICMS), Eindhoven University of Technology, 5612AZ, Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Caroline Cheng
- Department of Nephrology and Hypertension, Division of Internal Medicine and Dermatology, University Medical Center Utrecht, 3584CX, Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Regenerative Medicine Center Utrecht, University Medical Center Utrecht, 3584CT, Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Experimental Cardiology, Department of Cardiology, Thoraxcenter Erasmus University Medical Center, 3015GD, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
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Li H, Peng H, Hong W, Wei Y, Tian H, Huang X, Jia L, Zheng J, Duan T, He Q, Wang K. Human Placental Endothelial Cell and Trophoblast Heterogeneity and Differentiation Revealed by Single-Cell RNA Sequencing. Cells 2022; 12:cells12010087. [PMID: 36611882 PMCID: PMC9818681 DOI: 10.3390/cells12010087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2022] [Revised: 12/21/2022] [Accepted: 12/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The placenta is an important organ for fetal and maternal health during pregnancy and impacts offspring health late in life. Defects in placental vasculature and trophoblast have been identified in several pregnancy complications. Thus, the detailed molecular profile and heterogeneity of endothelial cells and trophoblasts in placentas will aid us in better understanding placental behaviors and improving pregnancy outcomes. METHODS Single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) was performed to profile the transcriptomics of human placental villous tissues from eleven patients with normal pregnancies in the first and second trimesters (6-16 weeks of gestation). RESULTS The transcriptomic landscape of 52,179 single cells was obtained, and the cells were classified as trophoblasts, fibroblasts, endothelial cells, erythroid cells, Hofbauer cells, and macrophages. Our analysis further revealed the three subtypes of placental endothelial cells, with distinct metabolic signatures and transcription factor regulatory networks. We also determined the transcriptomic features of the trophoblast subpopulations and characterized two distinct populations of progenitor cells in cytotrophoblasts, which were capable of differentiating to extravillous trophoblasts and syncytiotrophoblasts, respectively. CONCLUSIONS Our study provided a high-resolution molecular profile of the human placenta between 6 and 16 weeks of gestation. Our data revealed the placental cell complexity and demonstrated the transcriptional networks and signaling involved in placental endothelial and trophoblast differentiation during early pregnancy, which will be a resource for future studies of the human placental development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han Li
- Clinical and Translational Research Center, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Maternal Fetal Medicine, Shanghai Institute of Maternal-Fetal Medicine and Gynecologic Oncology, Shanghai First Maternity and Infant Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai 201204, China
| | - Hao Peng
- Clinical and Translational Research Center, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Maternal Fetal Medicine, Shanghai Institute of Maternal-Fetal Medicine and Gynecologic Oncology, Shanghai First Maternity and Infant Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai 201204, China
| | - Wei Hong
- Clinical and Translational Research Center, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Maternal Fetal Medicine, Shanghai Institute of Maternal-Fetal Medicine and Gynecologic Oncology, Shanghai First Maternity and Infant Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai 201204, China
| | - Yingying Wei
- Clinical and Translational Research Center, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Maternal Fetal Medicine, Shanghai Institute of Maternal-Fetal Medicine and Gynecologic Oncology, Shanghai First Maternity and Infant Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai 201204, China
| | - Haojun Tian
- Clinical and Translational Research Center, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Maternal Fetal Medicine, Shanghai Institute of Maternal-Fetal Medicine and Gynecologic Oncology, Shanghai First Maternity and Infant Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai 201204, China
| | - Xiaojie Huang
- Clinical and Translational Research Center, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Maternal Fetal Medicine, Shanghai Institute of Maternal-Fetal Medicine and Gynecologic Oncology, Shanghai First Maternity and Infant Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai 201204, China
| | - Linyan Jia
- Clinical and Translational Research Center, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Maternal Fetal Medicine, Shanghai Institute of Maternal-Fetal Medicine and Gynecologic Oncology, Shanghai First Maternity and Infant Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai 201204, China
| | - Jing Zheng
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53715, USA
| | - Tao Duan
- Department of Obstetrics, Shanghai First Maternity and Infant Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai 201204, China
| | - Qizhi He
- Department of Pathology, Shanghai First Maternity and Infant Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai 201204, China
- Correspondence: (Q.H.); (K.W.)
| | - Kai Wang
- Clinical and Translational Research Center, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Maternal Fetal Medicine, Shanghai Institute of Maternal-Fetal Medicine and Gynecologic Oncology, Shanghai First Maternity and Infant Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai 201204, China
- Correspondence: (Q.H.); (K.W.)
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mTOR contributes to endothelium-dependent vasorelaxation by promoting eNOS expression and preventing eNOS uncoupling. Commun Biol 2022; 5:726. [PMID: 35869262 PMCID: PMC9307829 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-022-03653-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2021] [Accepted: 06/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Clinically used inhibitors of mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) negatively impacts endothelial-dependent vasodilatation (EDD) through unidentified mechanisms. Here we show that either the endothelium-specific deletion of Mtor to inhibit both mTOR complexes, or depletion of Raptor or Rictor to disrupt mTORC1 or mTORC2, causes impaired EDD, accompanied by reduced NO in the serum of mice. Consistently, inhibition of mTOR decreases NO production by human and mouse EC. Specifically, inhibition of mTORC1 suppresses eNOS gene expression, due to impairment in p70S6K-mediated posttranscriptional regulation of the transcription factor KLF2 expression. In contrast to mTORC1 inhibition, a positive-feedback between MAPK (p38 and JNK) activation and Nox2 upregulation contributes to the excessive generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), which causes eNOS uncoupling and decreased NO bioavailability in mTORC2-inhibited EC. Adeno-associated virus-mediated EC-specific overexpression of KLF2 or suppression of Nox2 restores EDD function in endothelial mTORC1- or mTORC2-inhibited mice. The endothelium-specific inhibition of either of mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) complexes impairs endothelial-dependent vasodilatation (EDD), accompanied by decreased nitric oxide bioavailability in both human and mice endothelial cells.
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Heart Failure and Diabetes Mellitus: Dangerous Liaisons. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF HEART FAILURE 2022; 4:163-174. [PMID: 36381018 PMCID: PMC9634025 DOI: 10.36628/ijhf.2022.0022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2022] [Revised: 10/20/2022] [Accepted: 10/21/2022] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Patients with diabetes mellitus (DM) have a higher prevalence of heart failure (HF) than those without it. Approximately 40% of HF patients have DM, having poorer outcomes than those without DM. Myocardial ischemia caused by endothelial dysfunction, renal dysfunction, obesity, and impaired myocardial energetics is pathophysiology of DM-induced HF (DM-HF). Also, patients with HF show an increased risk for the onset of DM due to several mechanisms including insulin resistance. This review is focused on the epidemiology, pathogenic mechanism and treatment strategy of DM-HF.
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Marchelek-Mysliwiec M, Nalewajska M, Turoń-Skrzypińska A, Kotrych K, Dziedziejko V, Sulikowski T, Pawlik A. The Role of Forkhead Box O in Pathogenesis and Therapy of Diabetes Mellitus. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms231911611. [PMID: 36232910 PMCID: PMC9569915 DOI: 10.3390/ijms231911611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2022] [Revised: 09/19/2022] [Accepted: 09/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes is a disease that causes numerous complications disrupting the functioning of the entire body. Therefore, new treatments for the disease are being sought. Studies in recent years have shown that forkhead box O (FOXO) proteins may be a promising target for diabetes therapy. FOXO proteins are transcription factors involved in numerous physiological processes and in various pathological conditions, including cardiovascular diseases and diabetes. Their roles include regulating the cell cycle, DNA repair, influencing apoptosis, glucose metabolism, autophagy processes and ageing. FOXO1 is an important regulator of pancreatic beta-cell function affecting pancreatic beta cells under conditions of insulin resistance. FOXO1 also protects beta cells from damage resulting from oxidative stress associated with glucose and lipid overload. FOXO has been shown to affect a number of processes involved in the development of diabetes and its complications. FOXO regulates pancreatic β-cell function during metabolic stress and also plays an important role in regulating wound healing. Therefore, the pharmacological regulation of FOXO proteins is a promising approach to developing treatments for many diseases, including diabetes mellitus. In this review, we describe the role of FOXO proteins in the pathogenesis of diabetes and the role of the modulation of FOXO function in the therapy of this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Magdalena Nalewajska
- Department of Nephrology, Transplantology and Internal Medicine, Pomeranian Medical University, 70-204 Szczecin, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Turoń-Skrzypińska
- Department of Medical Rehabilitation and Clinical Rehabilitation, Pomeranian Medical University, 70-204 Szczecin, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Kotrych
- Department of Radiology, West Pomeranian Center of Oncology, Pomeranian Medical University, 70-204 Szczecin, Poland
| | - Violetta Dziedziejko
- Department of Biochemistry and Medical Chemistry, Pomeranian Medical University, 70-204 Szczecin, Poland
| | - Tadeusz Sulikowski
- Department of General, Minimally Invasive, and Gastroenterological Surgery, Pomeranian Medical University, 70-204 Szczecin, Poland
| | - Andrzej Pawlik
- Department of Physiology, Pomeranian Medical University, 70-204 Szczecin, Poland
- Correspondence:
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Hu L, Zhang R, Wu J, Feng C, Jiang J. Kruppel-Like Factor (KLF6) Regulates Oxidative Stress and Apoptosis of Human Retinal Pigment Epithelial Cells Induced by High Glucose Through Transcriptional Regulation of USP22 and the Downstream SIRT1/Nrf2 Pathway. J BIOMATER TISS ENG 2022. [DOI: 10.1166/jbt.2022.3104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Oxidative stress and apoptosis play an important role in diabetic retinopathy (DR). KLF6 and its transcriptional regulator USP22 are abnormally expressed in DR, but the specific role and mechanism have not been reported. In this paper, we will discuss the specific roles and mechanisms
of KLF6 and USP22 on oxidative stress and apoptosis in DR. In this study, RT-qPCR and western blot were used to detect the expression of KLF6 and USP22 in ARPE-19 cells. Subsequently, after KLF6 was overexpressed and USP22 expression was inhibited by cell transfection, the oxidative stress
and apoptosis related indexes were detected by CCK-8, ELISA, TUNEL and other techniques to explore the mechanism. In addition, we used luciferase and ChIP to detect the association between KLF6 and USP22. Finally, the expression of proteins related to the SIRT1/Nrf2 pathway was detected by
western blot. The results showed that silencing USP22 increased the activity, and inhibited apoptosis and oxidative stress of ARPE-19 cells induced by high glucose (HG). KLF6 transcriptionally activates USP22. Overexpression of KLF6 reversed the protective effects of silencing USP22 on HG-induced
ARPE-19 cells against apoptosis and antioxidant stress, which may be achieved by regulating the SIRT1/Nrf2 pathway. In conclusion, KLF6 regulated oxidative stress and apoptosis of ARPE-19 cells induced by high glucose through transcriptional regulation of USP22 and the downstream SIRT1/Nrf2
pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liping Hu
- Department of Fundus, Aier Eye Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430063, China
| | - Rui Zhang
- Department of Fundus, Aier Eye Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430063, China
| | - Jianhua Wu
- Department of Fundus, Aier Eye Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430063, China
| | - Chao Feng
- Department of Fundus, Aier Eye Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430063, China
| | - Jingli Jiang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Wenrong Hospital of Hengdian, Jinhua, Zhejiang, 322118, China
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Abello J, Raghavan S, Yien YY, Stratman AN. Peristaltic pumps adapted for laminar flow experiments enhance in vitro modeling of vascular cell behavior. J Biol Chem 2022; 298:102404. [PMID: 35988646 PMCID: PMC9508572 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2022.102404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2021] [Revised: 08/11/2022] [Accepted: 08/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Endothelial cells (ECs) are the primary cellular constituent of blood vessels that are in direct contact with hemodynamic forces over their lifetime. Throughout the body, vessels experience different blood flow patterns and rates that alter vascular architecture and cellular behavior. Because of the complexities of studying blood flow in an intact organism, particularly during development, the field has increasingly relied on in vitro modeling of blood flow as a powerful technique for studying hemodynamic-dependent signaling mechanisms in ECs. While commercial flow systems that recirculate fluids exist, many commercially available pumps are peristaltic and best model pulsatile flow conditions. However, there are many important situations in which ECs experience laminar flow conditions in vivo, such as along long straight stretches of the vasculature. To understand EC function under these contexts, it is important to be able to reproducibly model laminar flow conditions in vitro. Here, we outline a method to reliably adapt commercially available peristaltic pumps to study laminar flow conditions. Our proof-of-concept study focuses on 2D models but could be further adapted to 3D environments to better model in vivo scenarios, such as organ development. Our studies make significant inroads into solving technical challenges associated with flow modeling and allow us to conduct functional studies toward understanding the mechanistic role of shear forces on vascular architecture, cellular behavior, and remodeling in diverse physiological contexts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javier Abello
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, Washington University in St. Louis School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110
| | - Shreya Raghavan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station TX 77843
| | - Yvette Y Yien
- Pittsburgh Heart, Lung and Blood Vascular Medicine Institute and Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261
| | - Amber N Stratman
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, Washington University in St. Louis School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110.
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GCN5 participates in KLF4-VEGFA feedback to promote endometrial angiogenesis. iScience 2022; 25:104509. [PMID: 35733790 PMCID: PMC9207667 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2022.104509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2022] [Revised: 05/01/2022] [Accepted: 05/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Endometrial angiogenesis is necessary for good endometrial receptivity. Krüppel-like factor 4 (KLF4) is a transcription factor that is essential for regulating angiogenesis. Here we found that vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGFA) can form a positive feedback loop with KLF4 to promote the proliferation and migration of human endometrial microvascular endothelial cells (HEMECs) and inhibit cell apoptosis. General control non-derepressible 5 (GCN5) is also time-dependent on VEGFA and participates in the KLF4-VEGFA loop. In addition, we found that GCN5 is a succinyltransferase that modulates the succinylation of histones and nonhistones. GCN5 interacts with KLF4 and is recruited to the KLF4-binding site of the VEGFA promoter to succinylate H3K79, which initiates gene transcription epigenetically. For nonhistones, GCN5 succinylates KLF4 that is activated by ERK signaling in HEMECs treated with VEGFA to increase its transcription activity. These results demonstrate KLF4-VEGFA positive feedback loop is regulated by epigenetics, which contributes to endometrial angiogenesis. KLF4 mediates VEGFA-induced endometrial angiogenesis VEGFA increases the interaction between KLF4 and GCN5 VEGFA promotes H3K79 succinylation by upregulating KLF4 and GCN5 VEGFA succinylates KLF4 and promotes interaction of KLF4 and GCN5 via ERK pathway
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Su M, Zhao W, Xu S, Weng J. Resveratrol in Treating Diabetes and Its Cardiovascular Complications: A Review of Its Mechanisms of Action. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11061085. [PMID: 35739982 PMCID: PMC9219679 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11061085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2022] [Revised: 05/21/2022] [Accepted: 05/27/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus (DM) is one of the most prevalent chronic diseases worldwide. High morbidity and mortality caused by DM are closely linked to its complications in multiple organs/tissues, including cardiovascular complications, diabetic nephropathy, and diabetic neuropathy. Resveratrol is a plant-derived polyphenolic compound with pleiotropic protective effects, ranging from antioxidant and anti-inflammatory to hypoglycemic effects. Recent studies strongly suggest that the consumption of resveratrol offers protection against diabetes and its cardiovascular complications. The protective effects of resveratrol involve the regulation of multiple signaling pathways, including inhibition of oxidative stress and inflammation, enhancement of insulin sensitivity, induction of autophagy, regulation of lipid metabolism, promotion of GLUT4 expression, and translocation, and activation of SIRT1/AMPK signaling axis. The cardiovascular protective effects of resveratrol have been recently reviewed in the literature, but the role of resveratrol in preventing diabetes mellitus and its cardiovascular complications has not been systematically reviewed. Therefore, in this review, we summarize the pharmacological effects and mechanisms of action of resveratrol based on in vitro and in vivo studies, highlighting the therapeutic potential of resveratrol in the prevention and treatment of diabetes and its cardiovascular complications.
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Choi M, Lee SM, Lee JW, Kim I, Pack CG, Ha CH. Yeast beta-glucan mediates histone deacetylase 5-induced angiogenesis in vascular endothelial cells. Int J Biol Macromol 2022; 211:556-567. [PMID: 35569678 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2022.05.057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2022] [Revised: 04/28/2022] [Accepted: 05/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The role of yeast-derived β-glucan in angiogenesis has not been elucidated because there have been few specific studies on its clinical and physiological significance. Therefore, this study investigated the correlation between β-glucan and histone deacetylase 5 (HDAC5) in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs), revealing the role of β-glucan in angiogenesis. We confirmed that HDAC5 was phosphorylated by β-glucan stimulation and released from the nucleus to the cytoplasm. Furthermore, we found that β-glucan-stimulated HDAC5 translocation mediates the transcriptional activation of MEF2. As a result, the expression of KLF2, EGR2, and NR4A2, whose expression is MEF2-dependent and involved in angiogenesis, increased. Thus, we showed the activity of β-glucan in angiogenesis through in vitro and ex vivo assays including cell migration, tube formation, and aortic ring analyses. Specifically, application of an HDAC5 inhibitor repressed MEF2 transcriptional activation in both in vitro and ex vivo angiogenesis. HDAC5 inhibitor LMK235 inhibited the proangiogenic activity of beta-glucan, suggesting that β-glucan induces angiogenesis through HDAC5. These findings suggest that HDAC5 is essential for angiogenesis, and that β-glucan induces angiogenesis. In conclusion, this study demonstrates that β-glucan induces angiogenesis through HDAC5. It also suggests that β-glucan has potential value as a novel therapeutic agent for modulating angiogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Choi
- Department of Convergence Medicine and Asan Institute for Life Sciences, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung Min Lee
- Department of Convergence Medicine and Asan Institute for Life Sciences, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin Woo Lee
- Department of Convergence Medicine and Asan Institute for Life Sciences, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Inki Kim
- Department of Convergence Medicine and Asan Institute for Life Sciences, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Chan-Gi Pack
- Department of Convergence Medicine and Asan Institute for Life Sciences, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Chang Hoon Ha
- Department of Convergence Medicine and Asan Institute for Life Sciences, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
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Huang J, Lan H, Xie C, Wei C, Liu Z, Huang Z, Zhou Z, Chen L. Pramipexole Protects Against Traumatic Brain Injury-Induced Blood-Brain Barrier (BBB) Dysfunction. Neurotox Res 2022; 40:1020-1028. [PMID: 35524855 DOI: 10.1007/s12640-022-00495-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2022] [Revised: 03/13/2022] [Accepted: 03/22/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a severe disease of brain damage accompanied by blood-brain barrier (BBB) dysfunction. The BBB is composed of brain microvascular endothelial cells (BMECs), astrocyte terminus, pericytes, and a basement membrane. Tight junction proteins expressed by BMECs play important roles in preserving BBB integrity. Pramipexole is a selective dopamine agonist applied for treating Parkinson's disease and has been recently claimed with neuroprotective capacity. This study will further explore the impact of Pramipexole on tight junctions and BBB integrity to provide the potential treatment strategy for TBI-induced BBB damage. The TBI model was established in mice and was identified by the promoted brain water content, declined Garcia scores, reduced latency of the rotarod test, aggravated pathological changes in the brain cortex, and excessively released inflammatory factors. After treatment with Pramipexole, the neurofunctional deficits, behavioral disability, and aggravated pathological changes were dramatically reversed, accompanied by the alleviated BBB permeability, and upregulated occludin, an important tight junction protein. TBI model cells were established by the scratching bEnd.3 cells method. Cells were stimulated with 10 and 20 μM Pramipexole, followed by exposure to TBI. Increased fluorescence intensity of FITC-dextran, reduced value of TEER, and downregulated occludin and KLF2 were observed in TBI-exposed cells, all of which were greatly reversed by 10 and 20 μM Pramipexole. Furthermore, in KLF2-silenced bEnd.3 cells, the protective ability of Pramipexole against endothelial permeability and the expression level of occludin were dramatically abolished. Collectively, our results suggest that Pramipexole protected against TBI-induced BBB dysfunction by mediating KLF2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junping Huang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Minzu Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Nanning, 530001, Guangxi, China
| | - Huan Lan
- Department of Neurosurgery, Minzu Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Nanning, 530001, Guangxi, China
| | - Changji Xie
- Department of Neurosurgery, Minzu Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Nanning, 530001, Guangxi, China
| | - Chengcong Wei
- Department of Neurosurgery, Minzu Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Nanning, 530001, Guangxi, China
| | - Zhen Liu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Minzu Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Nanning, 530001, Guangxi, China
| | - Zhixi Huang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Minzu Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Nanning, 530001, Guangxi, China
| | - Zhiyu Zhou
- Department of Neurosurgery, Minzu Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Nanning, 530001, Guangxi, China.
| | - Lei Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Qingyuan People's Hospital, Qingyuan, 511500, Guangdong, China.
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Mo W, Chen Z, Zhang X, Dai G, Ma D, Pan J, Zhang X, Wu G, Fan W. N6-Methyladenosine Demethylase FTO (Fat Mass and Obesity-Associated Protein) as a Novel Mediator of Statin Effects in Human Endothelial Cells. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2022; 42:644-658. [PMID: 35296150 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.121.317295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND N6-methyladenosine (m6A) plays a critical role in various biological processes. However, no study has addressed the role of m6A modification in the statin-induced protection of endothelial cells (ECs). METHODS Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction and Western blotting analyses were used to study the expression of m6A regulatory genes in atorvastatin-treated ECs. Gain- and loss-of-function assays, methylated RNA immunoprecipitation analysis, and dual-luciferase reporter assays were performed to clarify the function of FTO (fat mass and obesity-associated protein) in ECs. RESULTS Atorvastatin decreased FTO protein expression in ECs. The knockdown of FTO enhanced the mRNA and protein expression of KLF2 (Kruppel-like factor 2) and eNOS (endothelial NO synthase) but attenuated TNFα (tumor necrosis factor alpha)-induced VCAM-1 (vascular cell adhesion molecule 1) and ICAM-1 (intercellular adhesion molecule 1) expression, as well as the adhesion of monocytes to ECs. Conversely, FTO overexpression significantly upregulated the mRNA and protein levels of VCAM-1 and ICAM-1, downregulated those of KLF2 and eNOS, and strongly attenuated the atorvastatin-mediated induction of KLF2 and eNOS expression. Subsequent investigations demonstrated that KLF2 and eNOS are functionally critical targets of FTO. Mechanistically, FTO interacted with KLF2 and eNOS transcripts and regulated their expression in an m6A-dependent manner. After FTO silencing, KLF2 and eNOS transcripts with higher levels of m6A modification in their 3' untranslated regions were captured by YTHDF3 (YT521-B homology m6A RNA-binding protein 3), resulting in mRNA stabilization and the induction of KLF2 and eNOS protein expression. CONCLUSIONS FTO might serve as a novel molecular target to modulate endothelial function in vascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wentao Mo
- Department of Cardiology, The Eighth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China (W.M., Z.C., X.Z., D.M., J.P., X.Z., G.W.).,NHC Key Laboratory of Assisted Circulation, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China (W.M., Z.C., X.Z., G.D., D.M., J.P., X.Z., G.W., W.F.)
| | - Ziqi Chen
- Department of Cardiology, The Eighth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China (W.M., Z.C., X.Z., D.M., J.P., X.Z., G.W.).,NHC Key Laboratory of Assisted Circulation, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China (W.M., Z.C., X.Z., G.D., D.M., J.P., X.Z., G.W., W.F.)
| | - Xiaozhe Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, The Eighth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China (W.M., Z.C., X.Z., D.M., J.P., X.Z., G.W.).,NHC Key Laboratory of Assisted Circulation, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China (W.M., Z.C., X.Z., G.D., D.M., J.P., X.Z., G.W., W.F.)
| | - Gang Dai
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China (G.D., W.F.).,NHC Key Laboratory of Assisted Circulation, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China (W.M., Z.C., X.Z., G.D., D.M., J.P., X.Z., G.W., W.F.)
| | - Dongwei Ma
- Department of Cardiology, The Eighth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China (W.M., Z.C., X.Z., D.M., J.P., X.Z., G.W.).,NHC Key Laboratory of Assisted Circulation, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China (W.M., Z.C., X.Z., G.D., D.M., J.P., X.Z., G.W., W.F.)
| | - Jiajie Pan
- Department of Cardiology, The Eighth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China (W.M., Z.C., X.Z., D.M., J.P., X.Z., G.W.).,NHC Key Laboratory of Assisted Circulation, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China (W.M., Z.C., X.Z., G.D., D.M., J.P., X.Z., G.W., W.F.)
| | - Xinxia Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, The Eighth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China (W.M., Z.C., X.Z., D.M., J.P., X.Z., G.W.).,NHC Key Laboratory of Assisted Circulation, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China (W.M., Z.C., X.Z., G.D., D.M., J.P., X.Z., G.W., W.F.)
| | - Guifu Wu
- Department of Cardiology, The Eighth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China (W.M., Z.C., X.Z., D.M., J.P., X.Z., G.W.).,NHC Key Laboratory of Assisted Circulation, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China (W.M., Z.C., X.Z., G.D., D.M., J.P., X.Z., G.W., W.F.).,Guangdong Innovative Engineering and Technology Research Center for Assisted Circulation, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China (G.W.)
| | - Wendong Fan
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China (G.D., W.F.).,NHC Key Laboratory of Assisted Circulation, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China (W.M., Z.C., X.Z., G.D., D.M., J.P., X.Z., G.W., W.F.)
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Li J, Ming Z, Yang L, Wang T, Liu G, Ma Q. Long noncoding RNA XIST: Mechanisms for X chromosome inactivation, roles in sex-biased diseases, and therapeutic opportunities. Genes Dis 2022; 9:1478-1492. [PMID: 36157489 PMCID: PMC9485286 DOI: 10.1016/j.gendis.2022.04.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2022] [Revised: 04/16/2022] [Accepted: 04/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Sexual dimorphism has been reported in various human diseases including autoimmune diseases, neurological diseases, pulmonary arterial hypertension, and some types of cancers, although the underlying mechanisms remain poorly understood. The long noncoding RNA (lncRNA) X-inactive specific transcript (XIST) is involved in X chromosome inactivation (XCI) in female placental mammals, a process that ensures the balanced expression dosage of X-linked genes between sexes. XIST is abnormally expressed in many sex-biased diseases. In addition, escape from XIST-mediated XCI and skewed XCI also contribute to sex-biased diseases. Therefore, its expression or modification can be regarded as a biomarker for the diagnosis and prognosis of many sex-biased diseases. Genetic manipulation of XIST expression can inhibit the progression of some of these diseases in animal models, and therefore XIST has been proposed as a potential therapeutic target. In this manuscript, we summarize the current knowledge about the mechanisms for XIST-mediated XCI and the roles of XIST in sex-biased diseases, and discuss potential therapeutic strategies targeting XIST.
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Tsaryk R, Yucel N, Leonard EV, Diaz N, Bondareva O, Odenthal-Schnittler M, Arany Z, Vaquerizas JM, Schnittler H, Siekmann AF. Shear stress switches the association of endothelial enhancers from ETV/ETS to KLF transcription factor binding sites. Sci Rep 2022; 12:4795. [PMID: 35314737 PMCID: PMC8938417 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-08645-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2021] [Accepted: 03/10/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Endothelial cells (ECs) lining blood vessels are exposed to mechanical forces, such as shear stress. These forces control many aspects of EC biology, including vascular tone, cell migration and proliferation. Despite a good understanding of the genes responding to shear stress, our insight into the transcriptional regulation of these genes is much more limited. Here, we set out to study alterations in the chromatin landscape of human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC) exposed to laminar shear stress. To do so, we performed ChIP-Seq for H3K27 acetylation, indicative of active enhancer elements and ATAC-Seq to mark regions of open chromatin in addition to RNA-Seq on HUVEC exposed to 6 h of laminar shear stress. Our results show a correlation of gained and lost enhancers with up and downregulated genes, respectively. DNA motif analysis revealed an over-representation of KLF transcription factor (TF) binding sites in gained enhancers, while lost enhancers contained more ETV/ETS motifs. We validated a subset of flow responsive enhancers using luciferase-based reporter constructs and CRISPR-Cas9 mediated genome editing. Lastly, we characterized the shear stress response in ECs of zebrafish embryos using RNA-Seq. Our results lay the groundwork for the exploration of shear stress responsive elements in controlling EC biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roman Tsaryk
- Max Planck Institute for Molecular Biomedicine, Röntgenstrasse 20, 48149, Münster, Germany
- Cells-in-Motion Cluster of Excellence (EXC 1003 - CiM), University of Münster, Münster, Germany
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology and Cardiovascular Institute, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Nora Yucel
- Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, USA
| | - Elvin V Leonard
- Max Planck Institute for Molecular Biomedicine, Röntgenstrasse 20, 48149, Münster, Germany
- Cells-in-Motion Cluster of Excellence (EXC 1003 - CiM), University of Münster, Münster, Germany
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology and Cardiovascular Institute, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Noelia Diaz
- Max Planck Institute for Molecular Biomedicine, Röntgenstrasse 20, 48149, Münster, Germany
- Cells-in-Motion Cluster of Excellence (EXC 1003 - CiM), University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Olga Bondareva
- Cells-in-Motion Cluster of Excellence (EXC 1003 - CiM), University of Münster, Münster, Germany
- Institute of Anatomy and Vascular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Vesaliusweg 2-4, 48149, Münster, Germany
- Helmholtz Institute for Metabolic, Obesity and Vascular Research (HI-MAG) of the Helmholtz Zentrum München at the University of Leipzig and University Hospital Leipzig, Philipp-Rosenthal-Str. 27, 04103, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Maria Odenthal-Schnittler
- Max Planck Institute for Molecular Biomedicine, Röntgenstrasse 20, 48149, Münster, Germany
- Cells-in-Motion Cluster of Excellence (EXC 1003 - CiM), University of Münster, Münster, Germany
- Institute of Anatomy and Vascular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Vesaliusweg 2-4, 48149, Münster, Germany
- Institute of Neuropathology, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Pottkamp 2, 48149, Münster, Germany
| | - Zoltan Arany
- Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, USA
| | - Juan M Vaquerizas
- Max Planck Institute for Molecular Biomedicine, Röntgenstrasse 20, 48149, Münster, Germany
- Cells-in-Motion Cluster of Excellence (EXC 1003 - CiM), University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Hans Schnittler
- Max Planck Institute for Molecular Biomedicine, Röntgenstrasse 20, 48149, Münster, Germany
- Cells-in-Motion Cluster of Excellence (EXC 1003 - CiM), University of Münster, Münster, Germany
- Institute of Anatomy and Vascular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Vesaliusweg 2-4, 48149, Münster, Germany
- Institute of Neuropathology, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Pottkamp 2, 48149, Münster, Germany
| | - Arndt F Siekmann
- Max Planck Institute for Molecular Biomedicine, Röntgenstrasse 20, 48149, Münster, Germany.
- Cells-in-Motion Cluster of Excellence (EXC 1003 - CiM), University of Münster, Münster, Germany.
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology and Cardiovascular Institute, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
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Kamel NM, El-Tanbouly DM, Abdallah DM, Sayed HM. PAR1, a therapeutic target for remote lung injury associated with hind limb ischemia/reperfusion: ERK5/KLF2-dependent lung capillary barrier preservation. Chem Biol Interact 2022; 354:109809. [PMID: 35031271 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2022.109809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2021] [Revised: 11/28/2021] [Accepted: 01/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Protease-activated receptor 1 (PAR1) is expressed in pneumocytes and endothelial cells of the alveolar barrier. Its activation by thrombin disrupts the barrier integrity dynamics and induces lung injury in in vitro and in vivo paradigms. Nonetheless, the role of PAR1, as a therapeutic target, in hind limb ischemia/reperfusion (I/R)-mediated remote lung injury has been unclear. Therefore, this study aimed to determine the potential benefit of PAR1 blockade using the selective antagonist SCH79797 in distant lung dysfunction following hind limb I/R injury with special emphasis on the extracellular signal-regulated kinase 5 (ERK5)/Krüppel-like factor 2 (KLF2) axis. Rats were subdivided into control, bilateral hind limb I/R, SCH79797, and SCH79797+BIX02189 (ERK5 inhibitor) groups. PAR1 blockade, ERK5-dependently, alleviated alveolar barrier disruption as evidenced by reductions in both pulmonary systemic leakage of surfactant protein-D and lung fluid accumulation with increase in pulmonary claudin 5, vascular endothelial cadherin, and connexin 37 levels. Such improvements are downstream targets of the ERK5/KLF2-mediated sphingosine-1-phosphate receptor 1 (S1PR1) upregulated expression and pS536-nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) p65 inhibition. SCH79797 effectively impedes the evoked inflammatory response and oxidative burst by suppressing vascular endothelial growth factor, tumor necrosis factor-α, lipid peroxidation, and neutrophil infiltration while boosting the glutathione antioxidant defense. Accordingly, PAR1 could be a therapeutic target, where its blockade mitigated pulmonary-endothelial barrier disruption via mutual S1PR1 enhancement and NF-κB p65 inhibition following ERK5/KLF2 activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nada M Kamel
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Faculty of Pharmacy, Kasr El Aini St., Cairo, 11562, Egypt.
| | - Dalia M El-Tanbouly
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Faculty of Pharmacy, Kasr El Aini St., Cairo, 11562, Egypt.
| | - Dalaal M Abdallah
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Faculty of Pharmacy, Kasr El Aini St., Cairo, 11562, Egypt.
| | - Helmy M Sayed
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Faculty of Pharmacy, Kasr El Aini St., Cairo, 11562, Egypt.
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Cao J, Zhao C, Gong L, Cheng X, Yang J, Zhu M, Lv X. MiR-181 enhances proliferative and migratory potentials of retinal endothelial cells in diabetic retinopathy by targeting KLF6. Curr Eye Res 2022; 47:882-888. [PMID: 35179443 DOI: 10.1080/02713683.2022.2039206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE We aimed to uncover the role of microRNA-181 (miR-181) in the disease onset of diabetic retinopathy (DR) and its underlying mechanism. METHODS MiR-181 levels in plasma and aqueous humor samples of non-proliferative diabetic retinopathy (NPDR), proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR) and healthy subjects were analyzed by microarray and quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). Proliferative and migrative capacities of human retinal endothelial cells (hRECs) regulated by miR-181 were assessed. The binding between miR-181 and kruppel-like factor 6 (KLF6) was verified by dual-luciferase reporter assay. RESULTS MiR-181 was upregulated in plasma and aqueous humor samples of NPDR and PDR patients. Overexpression of miR-181 stimulated hRECs to proliferate and migrate. KLF6 was the downstream gene binding miR-181, which was involved in the regulation of hRECs by miR-181. CONCLUSIONS MiR-181 is upregulated in plasma and aqueous humor of DR patients. It enhances proliferative and migratory potentials of retinal endothelial cells by targeting KLF6.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Cao
- Department of Ophthalmology, Xianning Central Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital Of Hubei University of Science And Technology, Xianning 437100, China
| | - Chujin Zhao
- Department of ENT, Xianning Central Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital Of Hubei University Of Science And Technology, 228 Jingui Road, Xianning 437100, China
| | - Lanlan Gong
- Department of Ophthalmology, Xianning Central Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital Of Hubei University of Science And Technology, Xianning 437100, China
| | - Xinchao Cheng
- Department of Ophthalmology, Xianning Central Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital Of Hubei University of Science And Technology, Xianning 437100, China
| | - Jie Yang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Xianning Central Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital Of Hubei University of Science And Technology, Xianning 437100, China
| | - Mengnan Zhu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Xianning Central Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital Of Hubei University of Science And Technology, Xianning 437100, China
| | - Xudong Lv
- Department of Ophthalmology, Xianning Central Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital Of Hubei University of Science And Technology, Xianning 437100, China
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Wu KX, Yeo NJY, Ng CY, Chioh FWJ, Fan Q, Tian X, Yang B, Narayanan G, Tay HM, Hou HW, Dunn NR, Su X, Cheung CMG, Cheung C. Hyaluronidase-1-mediated glycocalyx impairment underlies endothelial abnormalities in polypoidal choroidal vasculopathy. BMC Biol 2022; 20:47. [PMID: 35164755 PMCID: PMC8845246 DOI: 10.1186/s12915-022-01244-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2021] [Accepted: 02/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Polypoidal choroidal vasculopathy (PCV), a subtype of age-related macular degeneration (AMD), is a global leading cause of vision loss in older populations. Distinct from typical AMD, PCV is characterized by polyp-like dilatation of blood vessels and turbulent blood flow in the choroid of the eye. Gold standard anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (anti-VEGF) therapy often fails to regress polypoidal lesions in patients. Current animal models have also been hampered by their inability to recapitulate such vascular lesions. These underscore the need to identify VEGF-independent pathways in PCV pathogenesis. Results We cultivated blood outgrowth endothelial cells (BOECs) from PCV patients and normal controls to serve as our experimental disease models. When BOECs were exposed to heterogeneous flow, single-cell transcriptomic analysis revealed that PCV BOECs preferentially adopted migratory-angiogenic cell state, while normal BOECs undertook proinflammatory cell state. PCV BOECs also had a repressed protective response to flow stress by demonstrating lower mitochondrial functions. We uncovered that elevated hyaluronidase-1 in PCV BOECs led to increased degradation of hyaluronan, a major component of glycocalyx that interfaces between flow stress and vascular endothelium. Notably, knockdown of hyaluronidase-1 in PCV BOEC improved mechanosensitivity, as demonstrated by a significant 1.5-fold upregulation of Krüppel-like factor 2 (KLF2) expression, a flow-responsive transcription factor. Activation of KLF2 might in turn modulate PCV BOEC migration. Barrier permeability due to glycocalyx impairment in PCV BOECs was also reversed by hyaluronidase-1 knockdown. Correspondingly, hyaluronidase-1 was detected in PCV patient vitreous humor and plasma samples. Conclusions Hyaluronidase-1 inhibition could be a potential therapeutic modality in preserving glycocalyx integrity and endothelial stability in ocular diseases with vascular origin. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12915-022-01244-z.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kan Xing Wu
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Natalie Jia Ying Yeo
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Chun Yi Ng
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
| | | | - Qiao Fan
- Duke-NUS Medical School, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.,Ophthalmology & Visual Sciences Academic Clinical Program (Eye ACP), Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Xianfeng Tian
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore.,Duke-NUS Medical School, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Binxia Yang
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Gunaseelan Narayanan
- Institute of Medical Biology, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Hui Min Tay
- School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Han Wei Hou
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore.,School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
| | - N Ray Dunn
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore.,School of Biological Sciences Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore.,Institute of Medical Biology, Agency for Science Technology and Research, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Xinyi Su
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore, Singapore.,Department of Ophthalmology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.,Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore, Singapore.,Department of Ophthalmology, National University Hospital, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Chui Ming Gemmy Cheung
- Duke-NUS Medical School, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.,Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Christine Cheung
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore. .,Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore, Singapore.
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Zhang W, Chen Z, Qiao S, Chen S, Zheng H, Wei X, Li Q, Xu B, Huang W. The effects of extracellular vesicles derived from Krüppel-Like Factor 2 overexpressing endothelial cells on the regulation of cardiac inflammation in the dilated cardiomyopathy. J Nanobiotechnology 2022; 20:76. [PMID: 35139878 PMCID: PMC8827179 DOI: 10.1186/s12951-022-01284-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2021] [Accepted: 01/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) is one of the common causes of heart failure. Myocardial injury triggers an inflammatory response and recruits immune cells into the heart. High expression of Krüppel-like factor 2 (KLF2) in endothelial cells (ECs) potentially exerts an anti-inflammatory effect. However, the role of extracellular vesicles (EVs) from KLF2-overexpressing ECs (KLF2-EVs) in DCM remains unclear. METHODS AND RESULTS EVs were separated from the supernatant of KLF2-overexpressing ECs by gradient centrifugation. Mice were repeatedly administered low-dose doxorubicin (DOX) and then received KLF2-EVs through an intravenous injection. Treatment with KLF2-EVs prevented doxorubicin-induced left ventricular dysfunction and reduced the recruitment of Ly6high Mo/Mø in the myocardium. We used flow cytometry to detect Ly6high monocytes in bone marrow and spleen tissues and to elucidate the mechanisms underlying this beneficial effect. KLF2-EVs increased the retention of Ly6Chigh monocytes in the bone marrow but not in the spleen tissue. KLF2-EVs also significantly downregulated C-C chemokine receptor 2 (CCR2) protein expression in cells from the bone marrow. CONCLUSIONS EVs derived from KLF2-overexpressing ECs reduced cardiac inflammation and ameliorated left ventricular dysfunction in DCM mice by targeting the CCR2 protein to inhibit Ly6Chigh monocyte mobilization from the bone marrow.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenfeng Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital Clinical College of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210008, China
| | - Ziwei Chen
- Department of Cardiology, Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210008, China
| | - Shuaihua Qiao
- Department of Cardiology, Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210008, China
| | - Siyuan Chen
- Department of Cardiology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital Clinical College of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210008, China
| | - Hongyan Zheng
- Department of Cardiology, Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210008, China
| | - Xuan Wei
- Department of Cardiology, Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210008, China
| | - Qiaoling Li
- Department of Cardiology, Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210008, China.
| | - Biao Xu
- Department of Cardiology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital Clinical College of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210008, China. .,Department of Cardiology, Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210008, China.
| | - Wei Huang
- Department of Cardiology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital Clinical College of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210008, China.
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50
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Simvastatin Improves Myocardial Ischemia Reperfusion Injury through KLF-Regulated Alleviation of Inflammation. DISEASE MARKERS 2022; 2022:7878602. [PMID: 35059045 PMCID: PMC8766176 DOI: 10.1155/2022/7878602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2021] [Revised: 11/26/2021] [Accepted: 12/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Objective. To clarify the protective effect of simvastatin on myocardial ischemia reperfusion injury (MIRI) and the underlying mechanism. Materials and Methods. The MIRI model in rats was firstly constructed. Twenty-four male rats were randomly assigned into the sham group, ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) group, and simvastatin group, with 8 rats in each group. Contents of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and malondialdehyde (MDA), as well as serum levels of CK and inflammatory factors, in rats were determined by the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) activity in the three groups was examined. Through flow cytometry and Cell Counting Kit-8 (CCK-8) assay, apoptosis and viability in each group were detected, respectively. Relative levels of HMGB1, Kruppel-like factor 2 (KLF2), eNOS, and thrombomodulin (TM) were finally determined. Results. Simvastatin treatment markedly enhanced SOD activity and reduced contents of MDA, LDH, and creatine kinase (CK) in MIRI rats. The increased apoptosis and decreased viability following MIRI were partially reversed by simvastatin treatment. Besides, MIRI resulted in the upregulation of inflammatory factors and chemokines. Their elevations were abolished by simvastatin. In MIRI rats, simvastatin upregulated KLF2 and p-eNOS. Conclusions. Simvastatin protects inflammatory response at post-MIRI through upregulating KLF2, thus improving cardiac function.
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