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SenthilKumar G, Hammond ST, Zirgibel Z, Cohen KE, Beyer AM, Freed JK. Is the peripheral microcirculation a window into the human coronary microvasculature? J Mol Cell Cardiol 2024; 193:67-77. [PMID: 38848808 PMCID: PMC11260236 DOI: 10.1016/j.yjmcc.2024.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2024] [Revised: 05/13/2024] [Accepted: 06/04/2024] [Indexed: 06/09/2024]
Abstract
An increasing body of evidence suggests a pivotal role for the microvasculature in the development of cardiovascular disease. A dysfunctional coronary microvascular network, specifically within endothelial cells-the inner most cell layer of vessels-is considered a strong, independent risk factor for future major adverse cardiac events. However, challenges exist with evaluating this critical vascular bed, as many of the currently available techniques are highly invasive and cost prohibitive. The more easily accessible peripheral microcirculation has surfaced as a potential surrogate in which to study mechanisms of coronary microvascular dysfunction and likewise may be used to predict poor cardiovascular outcomes. In this review, we critically evaluate a variety of prognostic, physiological, and mechanistic studies in humans to answer whether the peripheral microcirculation can add insight into coronary microvascular health. A conceptual framework is proposed that the health of the endothelium specifically may link the coronary and peripheral microvascular beds. This is supported by evidence showing a correlation between human coronary and peripheral endothelial function in vivo. Although not a replacement for investigating and understanding coronary microvascular function, the microvascular endothelium from the periphery responds similarly to (patho)physiological stress and may be leveraged to explore potential therapeutic pathways to mitigate stress-induced damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gopika SenthilKumar
- Department of Anesthesiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, United States; Department of Physiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, United States; Cardiovascular Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, United States
| | - Stephen T Hammond
- Cardiovascular Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, United States; Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, United States
| | - Zachary Zirgibel
- Department of Anesthesiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, United States; Cardiovascular Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, United States
| | - Katie E Cohen
- Cardiovascular Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, United States; Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, United States
| | - Andreas M Beyer
- Department of Physiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, United States; Cardiovascular Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, United States; Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, United States
| | - Julie K Freed
- Department of Anesthesiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, United States; Department of Physiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, United States; Cardiovascular Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, United States.
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Ozaki N, Sakamoto N, Horikami D, Tachibana Y, Nagata N, Kobayashi K, Arai YT, Sone M, Hirayama K, Murata T. 15-Hydroxyeicosatrienoic acid induces nasal congestion by changing vascular functions in mice. Allergol Int 2024; 73:464-472. [PMID: 38286715 DOI: 10.1016/j.alit.2023.12.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2023] [Revised: 12/20/2023] [Accepted: 12/28/2023] [Indexed: 01/31/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Nasal congestion in allergic rhinitis (AR) is caused by vascular hyperpermeability and vascular relaxation of the nasal mucosa. We previously detected high levels of a lipoxygenation metabolite of dihomogammalinolenic acid, 15-hydroxy-8Z,11Z,13E-eicosatrienoic acid (15-HETrE) in the nasal lavage fluid of AR model mice. Here, we investigated the effects of 15-HETrE on vascular functions associated with nasal congestion. METHODS We measured 15-HETrE levels in the nasal lavage fluid of ovalbumin-induced AR model mice and nasal discharge of patients with AR. We also assessed nasal congestion and vascular relaxation in mice. Vascular contractility was investigated using isolated mouse aortas. RESULTS Five ovalbumin challenges increased 15-HETrE levels in AR model mice. 15-HETrE was also detected in patients who exhibiting AR-related symptoms. Intranasal administration of 15-HETrE elicited dyspnea-related behavior and decreased the nasal cavity volume in mice. Miles assay and whole-mount immunostaining revealed that 15-HETrE administration caused vascular hyperpermeability and relaxation of the nasal mucosa. Intravital imaging demonstrated that 15-HETrE relaxed the ear vessels that were precontracted via thromboxane receptor stimulation. Moreover, 15-HETrE dilated the isolated mouse aortas, and this effect was attenuated by K+ channel inhibitors and prostaglandin D2 (DP) and prostacyclin (IP) receptor antagonists. Additionally, vasodilatory effects of 15-HETrE were accompanied by an increase in intracellular cAMP levels. CONCLUSIONS Our results indicate that 15-HETrE, whose levels are elevated in the nasal cavity upon AR, can be a novel lipid mediator that exacerbates nasal congestion. Moreover, it can stimulate DP and IP receptors and downstream K+ channels to dilate the nasal mucosal vasculature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noriko Ozaki
- Animal Radiology, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan; Veterinary Public Health, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Naoaki Sakamoto
- Animal Radiology, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Daiki Horikami
- Animal Radiology, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yuri Tachibana
- Animal Radiology, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Nanae Nagata
- Animal Radiology, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Koji Kobayashi
- Food and Animal Systemics, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | | | | | - Kazuhiro Hirayama
- Veterinary Public Health, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takahisa Murata
- Animal Radiology, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan; Food and Animal Systemics, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan; Veterinary Pharmacology, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.
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Hu Y, Li W, Cheng X, Yang H, She ZG, Cai J, Li H, Zhang XJ. Emerging Roles and Therapeutic Applications of Arachidonic Acid Pathways in Cardiometabolic Diseases. Circ Res 2024; 135:222-260. [PMID: 38900855 DOI: 10.1161/circresaha.124.324383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/22/2024]
Abstract
Cardiometabolic disease has become a major health burden worldwide, with sharply increasing prevalence but highly limited therapeutic interventions. Emerging evidence has revealed that arachidonic acid derivatives and pathway factors link metabolic disorders to cardiovascular risks and intimately participate in the progression and severity of cardiometabolic diseases. In this review, we systemically summarized and updated the biological functions of arachidonic acid pathways in cardiometabolic diseases, mainly focusing on heart failure, hypertension, atherosclerosis, nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, obesity, and diabetes. We further discussed the cellular and molecular mechanisms of arachidonic acid pathway-mediated regulation of cardiometabolic diseases and highlighted the emerging clinical advances to improve these pathological conditions by targeting arachidonic acid metabolites and pathway factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yufeng Hu
- State Key Laboratory of New Targets Discovery and Drug Development for Major Diseases, Gannan Innovation and Translational Medicine Research Institute, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, China (Y.H., X.C., H.Y., Z.-G.S., J.C., H.L., X.-J.Z.)
- Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease Prevention and Control, Ministry of Education, First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, China (Y.H., X.C., H.Y.)
| | - Wei Li
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, China (W.L., Z.-G.S., H.L.)
| | - Xu Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of New Targets Discovery and Drug Development for Major Diseases, Gannan Innovation and Translational Medicine Research Institute, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, China (Y.H., X.C., H.Y., Z.-G.S., J.C., H.L., X.-J.Z.)
- Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease Prevention and Control, Ministry of Education, First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, China (Y.H., X.C., H.Y.)
| | - Hailong Yang
- State Key Laboratory of New Targets Discovery and Drug Development for Major Diseases, Gannan Innovation and Translational Medicine Research Institute, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, China (Y.H., X.C., H.Y., Z.-G.S., J.C., H.L., X.-J.Z.)
- Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease Prevention and Control, Ministry of Education, First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, China (Y.H., X.C., H.Y.)
| | - Zhi-Gang She
- State Key Laboratory of New Targets Discovery and Drug Development for Major Diseases, Gannan Innovation and Translational Medicine Research Institute, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, China (Y.H., X.C., H.Y., Z.-G.S., J.C., H.L., X.-J.Z.)
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, China (W.L., Z.-G.S., H.L.)
| | - Jingjing Cai
- State Key Laboratory of New Targets Discovery and Drug Development for Major Diseases, Gannan Innovation and Translational Medicine Research Institute, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, China (Y.H., X.C., H.Y., Z.-G.S., J.C., H.L., X.-J.Z.)
- Department of Cardiology, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China (J.C.)
| | - Hongliang Li
- State Key Laboratory of New Targets Discovery and Drug Development for Major Diseases, Gannan Innovation and Translational Medicine Research Institute, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, China (Y.H., X.C., H.Y., Z.-G.S., J.C., H.L., X.-J.Z.)
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, China (W.L., Z.-G.S., H.L.)
- Medical Science Research Center, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China (H.L.)
| | - Xiao-Jing Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of New Targets Discovery and Drug Development for Major Diseases, Gannan Innovation and Translational Medicine Research Institute, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, China (Y.H., X.C., H.Y., Z.-G.S., J.C., H.L., X.-J.Z.)
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wuhan University, China (X.-J.Z.)
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Bi X, Wang Y, Lin Y, Wang M, Li X. Genetic Evidence for Causal Relationships between Plasma Eicosanoid Levels and Cardiovascular Disease. Metabolites 2024; 14:294. [PMID: 38921429 PMCID: PMC11206149 DOI: 10.3390/metabo14060294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2024] [Revised: 05/17/2024] [Accepted: 05/21/2024] [Indexed: 06/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases are the most common causes of mortality and disability worldwide. Eicosanoids are a group of bioactive metabolites that are mainly oxidized by arachidonic acid. Eicosanoids play a diverse role in cardiovascular diseases, with some exerting beneficial effects while others have detrimental consequences. However, a causal relationship between eicosanoid levels and cardiovascular disease remains unclear. Six single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) with strong associations with plasma eicosanoid levels were selected. Summary-level data for cardiovascular disease were obtained from publicly available genome-wide association studies. A two-sample MR analysis identified that plasma eicosanoid levels were inversely correlated with unstable angina pectoris (OR 1.06; 95% CI 1-1.12; p = 0.04), myocardial infarction (OR 1.05; 95% CI 1.02-1.09; p = 0.005), ischemia stroke (OR 1.05; 95% CI 1-1.11; p = 0.047), transient ischemic attack (OR 1.03; 95% CI 1-1.07; p = 0.042), heart failure (OR 1.03; 95% CI 1.01-1.05; p = 0.011), and pulmonary embolism (OR 1.08; 95% CI 1.02-1.14; p = 1.69 × 10-6). In conclusion, our data strongly suggest a genetic causal link between high plasma eicosanoid levels and an increased cardiovascular disease risk. This study provides genetic evidence for treating cardiovascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xukun Bi
- Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Intervention and Regenerative Medicine of Zhejiang Province, Department of Cardiology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310016, China
| | - Yiran Wang
- Department of Nursing, No. 906 Hospital of People’s Liberation Army, Ningbo 315000, China
| | - Yangjun Lin
- Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Intervention and Regenerative Medicine of Zhejiang Province, Department of Cardiology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310016, China
| | - Meihui Wang
- Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Intervention and Regenerative Medicine of Zhejiang Province, Department of Cardiology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310016, China
| | - Xiaoting Li
- Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Intervention and Regenerative Medicine of Zhejiang Province, Department of Cardiology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310016, China
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Hateley C, Olona A, Halliday L, Edin ML, Ko JH, Forlano R, Terra X, Lih FB, Beltrán-Debón R, Manousou P, Purkayastha S, Moorthy K, Thursz MR, Zhang G, Goldin RD, Zeldin DC, Petretto E, Behmoaras J. Multi-tissue profiling of oxylipins reveal a conserved up-regulation of epoxide:diol ratio that associates with white adipose tissue inflammation and liver steatosis in obesity. EBioMedicine 2024; 103:105127. [PMID: 38677183 PMCID: PMC11061246 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2024.105127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2023] [Revised: 04/04/2024] [Accepted: 04/05/2024] [Indexed: 04/29/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Obesity drives maladaptive changes in the white adipose tissue (WAT) which can progressively cause insulin resistance, type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and metabolic dysfunction-associated liver disease (MASLD). Obesity-mediated loss of WAT homeostasis can trigger liver steatosis through dysregulated lipid pathways such as those related to polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA)-derived oxylipins. However, the exact relationship between oxylipins and metabolic syndrome remains elusive and cross-tissue dynamics of oxylipins are ill-defined. METHODS We quantified PUFA-related oxylipin species in the omental WAT, liver biopsies and plasma of 88 patients undergoing bariatric surgery (female N = 79) and 9 patients (female N = 4) undergoing upper gastrointestinal surgery, using UPLC-MS/MS. We integrated oxylipin abundance with WAT phenotypes (adipogenesis, adipocyte hypertrophy, macrophage infiltration, type I and VI collagen remodelling) and the severity of MASLD (steatosis, inflammation, fibrosis) quantified in each biopsy. The integrative analysis was subjected to (i) adjustment for known risk factors and, (ii) control for potential drug-effects through UPLC-MS/MS analysis of metformin-treated fat explants ex vivo. FINDINGS We reveal a generalized down-regulation of cytochrome P450 (CYP)-derived diols during obesity conserved between the WAT and plasma. Notably, epoxide:diol ratio, indicative of soluble epoxide hydrolyse (sEH) activity, increases with WAT inflammation/fibrosis, hepatic steatosis and T2DM. Increased 12,13-EpOME:DiHOME in WAT and liver is a marker of worsening metabolic syndrome in patients with obesity. INTERPRETATION These findings suggest a dampened sEH activity and a possible role of fatty acid diols during metabolic syndrome in major metabolic organs such as WAT and liver. They also have implications in view of the clinical trials based on sEH inhibition for metabolic syndrome. FUNDING Wellcome Trust (PS3431_WMIH); Duke-NUS (Intramural Goh Cardiovascular Research Award (Duke-NUS-GCR/2022/0020); National Medical Research Council (OFLCG22may-0011); National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (Z01 ES025034); NIHR Imperial Biomedical Research Centre.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charlotte Hateley
- Centre for Inflammatory Disease, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital, Du Cane Road, London, W12 0NN, UK; Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, St. Mary's Hospital, Praed Street, London, W2 1NY, UK
| | - Antoni Olona
- Centre for Computational Biology and Program in Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disorders, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Laura Halliday
- Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, UK
| | - Matthew L Edin
- Division of Intramural Research, NIEHS/NIH, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA
| | - Jeong-Hun Ko
- Division of Brain Sciences, Imperial College Faculty of Medicine, London, UK
| | - Roberta Forlano
- Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Imperial College London, UK; Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, St. Mary's Hospital, Praed Street, London, W2 1NY, UK
| | - Ximena Terra
- Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Departament de Bioquímica i Biotecnologia, MoBioFood Research Group, Tarragona, Spain
| | - Fred B Lih
- Division of Intramural Research, NIEHS/NIH, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA
| | - Raúl Beltrán-Debón
- Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Departament de Bioquímica i Biotecnologia, MoBioFood Research Group, Tarragona, Spain
| | - Penelopi Manousou
- Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Imperial College London, UK; Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, St. Mary's Hospital, Praed Street, London, W2 1NY, UK
| | - Sanjay Purkayastha
- Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, St. Mary's Hospital, Praed Street, London, W2 1NY, UK; University of Brunel, Kingston Lane, Uxbridge, London, UB8 3PH, UK
| | - Krishna Moorthy
- Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, UK; Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, St. Mary's Hospital, Praed Street, London, W2 1NY, UK
| | - Mark R Thursz
- Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Imperial College London, UK; Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, St. Mary's Hospital, Praed Street, London, W2 1NY, UK
| | - Guodong Zhang
- Department of Nutrition, College of Agriculture and Environmental Sciences, 3135 Meyer Hall, One Shields Avenue, UC Davis, Davis, CA, 95616, USA
| | - Robert D Goldin
- Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Imperial College London, UK; Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, St. Mary's Hospital, Praed Street, London, W2 1NY, UK
| | - Darryl C Zeldin
- Division of Intramural Research, NIEHS/NIH, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA
| | - Enrico Petretto
- Centre for Computational Biology and Program in Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disorders, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore; Institute for Big Data and Artificial Intelligence in Medicine, School of Science, China Pharmaceutical University (CPU), Nanjing, China
| | - Jacques Behmoaras
- Centre for Inflammatory Disease, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital, Du Cane Road, London, W12 0NN, UK; Centre for Computational Biology and Program in Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disorders, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore.
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Jiang S, Han S, Wang DW. The involvement of soluble epoxide hydrolase in the development of cardiovascular diseases through epoxyeicosatrienoic acids. Front Pharmacol 2024; 15:1358256. [PMID: 38628644 PMCID: PMC11019020 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2024.1358256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2024] [Accepted: 03/12/2024] [Indexed: 04/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Arachidonic acid (AA) has three main metabolic pathways: the cycloxygenases (COXs) pathway, the lipoxygenases (LOXs) pathway, and the cytochrome P450s (CYPs) pathway. AA produces epoxyeicosatrienoic acids (EETs) through the CYPs pathway. EETs are very unstable in vivo and can be degraded in seconds to minutes. EETs have multiple degradation pathways, but are mainly degraded in the presence of soluble epoxide hydrolase (sEH). sEH is an enzyme of bifunctional nature, and current research focuses on the activity of its C-terminal epoxide hydrolase (sEH-H), which hydrolyzes the EETs to the corresponding inactive or low activity diol. Previous studies have reported that EETs have cardiovascular protective effects, and the activity of sEH-H plays a role by degrading EETs and inhibiting their protective effects. The activity of sEH-H plays a different role in different cells, such as inhibiting endothelial cell proliferation and migration, but promoting vascular smooth muscle cell proliferation and migration. Therefore, it is of interest whether the activity of sEH-H is involved in the initiation and progression of cardiovascular diseases by affecting the function of different cells through EETs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shan Jiang
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetics and Molecular Mechanisms of Cardiological Disorders, Wuhan, China
| | - Siyi Han
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Hubei Key Laboratory of Geriatric Anesthesia and Perioperative Brain Health, Wuhan Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Anesthesia, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Dao Wen Wang
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetics and Molecular Mechanisms of Cardiological Disorders, Wuhan, China
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Naeem Z, Zukunft S, Huard A, Hu J, Hammock BD, Weigert A, Frömel T, Fleming I. Role of the soluble epoxide hydrolase in keratinocyte proliferation and sensitivity of skin to inflammatory stimuli. Biomed Pharmacother 2024; 171:116127. [PMID: 38198951 PMCID: PMC10857809 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2024.116127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2023] [Revised: 12/31/2023] [Accepted: 01/02/2024] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
The lipid content of skin plays a determinant role in its barrier function with a particularly important role attributed to linoleic acid and its derivatives. Here we explored the consequences of interfering with the soluble epoxide hydrolase (sEH) on skin homeostasis. sEH; which converts fatty acid epoxides generated by cytochrome P450 enzymes to their corresponding diols, was largely restricted to the epidermis which was enriched in sEH-generated diols. Global deletion of the sEH increased levels of epoxides, including the linoleic acid-derived epoxide; 12,13-epoxyoctadecenoic acid (12,13-EpOME), and increased basal keratinocyte proliferation. sEH deletion (sEH-/- mice) resulted in thicker differentiated spinous and corneocyte layers compared to wild-type mice, a hyperkeratosis phenotype that was reproduced in wild-type mice treated with a sEH inhibitor. sEH deletion made the skin sensitive to inflammation and sEH-/- mice developed thicker imiquimod-induced psoriasis plaques than the control group and were more prone to inflammation triggered by mechanical stress with pronounced infiltration and activation of neutrophils as well as vascular leak and increased 12,13-EpOME and leukotriene (LT) B4 levels. Topical treatment of LTB4 antagonist after stripping successfully inhibited inflammation and neutrophil infiltration both in wild type and sEH-/- skin. While 12,13-EpoME had no effect on the trans-endothelial migration of neutrophils, like LTB4, it effectively induced neutrophil adhesion and activation. These observations indicate that while the increased accumulation of neutrophils in sEH-deficient skin could be attributed to the increase in LTB4 levels, both 12,13-EpOME and LTB4 contribute to neutrophil activation. Our observations identify a protective role of the sEH in the skin and should be taken into account when designing future clinical trials with sEH inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zumer Naeem
- Institute for Vascular Signalling, Centre for Molecular Medicine, Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Sven Zukunft
- Institute for Vascular Signalling, Centre for Molecular Medicine, Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Arnaud Huard
- Institute of Biochemistry I, Goethe-University Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main 60590, Germany
| | - Jiong Hu
- Institute for Vascular Signalling, Centre for Molecular Medicine, Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany; Department of Embryology and Histology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongi Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Bruce D Hammock
- Department of Entomology and Nematology and Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Andreas Weigert
- Institute of Biochemistry I, Goethe-University Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main 60590, Germany
| | - Timo Frömel
- Institute for Vascular Signalling, Centre for Molecular Medicine, Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Ingrid Fleming
- Institute for Vascular Signalling, Centre for Molecular Medicine, Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany; German Center of Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner site RheinMain, Frankfurt am Main, Germany; CardioPulmonary Institute, Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany.
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8
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Hanif A, Edin ML, Zeldin DC, Nayeem MA. Overexpression of Human Soluble Epoxide Hydrolase Exacerbates Coronary Reactive Hyperemia Reduction in Angiotensin-II-Treated Mouse Hearts. J Cardiovasc Pharmacol 2024; 83:46-54. [PMID: 37788350 PMCID: PMC10841723 DOI: 10.1097/fjc.0000000000001490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2023] [Accepted: 09/21/2023] [Indexed: 10/05/2023]
Abstract
ABSTRACT Coronary reactive hyperemia (CRH) is impaired in cardiovascular diseases, and angiotensin-II (Ang-II) exacerbates it. However, it is unknown how Ang-II affects CRH in Tie2-sEH Tr (human-sEH-overexpressed) versus wild-type (WT) mice. sEH-overexpression resulted in CRH reduction in Tie2-sEH Tr versus WT. We hypothesized that Ang-II exacerbates CRH reduction in Tie2-sEH Tr versus WT. The Langendorff system measured coronary flow in Tie2-sEH Tr and WT. The hearts were exposed to 15-second ischemia, and CRH was assessed in 10 mice each. Repayment volume was reduced by 40.50% in WT treated with Ang-II versus WT (7.42 ± 0.8 to 4.49 ± 0.8 mL/g) and 48% in Tie2-sEH Tr treated with Ang-II versus Tie2-sEH Tr (5.18 ± 0.4 to 2.68 ± 0.3 mL/g). Ang-II decreased repayment duration by 50% in WT-treated with Ang-II versus WT (2.46 ± 0.5 to 1.24 ± 0.4 minutes) and 54% in Tie2-sEH Tr treated with Ang-II versus Tie2-sEH Tr (1.66 ± 0.4 to 0.76 ± 0.2 minutes). Peak repayment flow was reduced by 11.2% in WT treated with Ang-II versus WT (35.98 ± 0.7 to 32.11 ± 1.4 mL/g) and 4% in Tie2-sEH Tr treated with Ang-II versus Tie2-sEH Tr (32.18 ± 0.6 to 30.89 ± 1.5 mL/g). Furthermore, coronary flow was reduced by 43% in WT treated with Ang-II versus WT (14.2 ± 0.5 to 8.15 ± 0.8 mL/min/g) and 32% in Tie2-sEH Tr treated with Ang-II versus Tie2-sEH Tr (12.1 ± 0.8 to 8.3 ± 1.2 mL/min/g). Moreover, the Ang-II-AT 1 -receptor and CYP4A were increased in Tie2-sEHTr. Our results demonstrate that Ang-II exacerbates CRH reduction in Tie2-sEH Tr mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmad Hanif
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, USA
| | - Matthew L. Edin
- Division of Intramural Research, NIEHS/NIH, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA
| | - Darryl C. Zeldin
- Division of Intramural Research, NIEHS/NIH, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA
| | - Mohammed A. Nayeem
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, USA
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Wang T, Han Y, Chen X, Chen W, Li H, Wang Y, Qiu X, Gong J, Li W, Zhu T. Particulate Air Pollution and Blood Pressure: Signaling by the Arachidonate Metabolism. Hypertension 2023; 80:2687-2696. [PMID: 37869894 DOI: 10.1161/hypertensionaha.123.21410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2023] [Accepted: 09/25/2023] [Indexed: 10/24/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Short-term exposure to ambient particulate matter (PM) can raise blood pressure, but the underlying mechanisms are unclear. We explored whether arachidonate metabolites serve as biological intermediates in PM-associated prohypertensive changes. METHODS This panel study recruited 110 adults aged 50 to 65 years living in Beijing, China. The participants' blood pressure, arterial stiffness, and cardiac and endothelial function were measured up to 7 times. The serum concentrations of arachidonate metabolites were quantified by targeted lipidomics. Ambient concentrations of fine PM (PM2.5), black carbon, and accumulation mode particles were continuously monitored at a station and their associations with the health indicators were evaluated. RESULTS Interquartile range increases in 25 to 96-hour-lag exposure to PM2.5, black carbon, and accumulation mode particles were associated with significant increases in systolic blood pressure (brachial: 0.8-3.2 mm Hg; central: 0.7-2.8 mm Hg) and diastolic blood pressure (brachial, 0.5-1.5 mm Hg; central, 0.5-1.6 mm Hg). At least 1 pollutant was associated with increases in augmentation pressure and heart rate and decreases in reactive hyperemia index and ejection time. The serum concentrations of arachidonate were significantly increased by 3.3% to 14.6% in association with PM exposure, which mediated 9% of the PM-associated increases in blood pressure. The levels of eicosanoids from the cytochrome P450, cyclooxygenase, and lipoxygenase pathways changed with PM exposure, and those from the cytochrome pathway significantly mediated the association between PM exposure and blood pressure. CONCLUSIONS Short-term exposure to particulate air pollution was associated with a prohypertensive change in adults, which was in part mediated by alteration of arachidonate metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teng Wang
- BIC-ESAT and SKL-ESPC, College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering (T.W., Y.H., X.C., W.C., H.L., Y.W., X.Q., J.G., T.Z.), Peking University, Beijing, China
- School of Health Policy and Management, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing (T.W.)
| | - Yiqun Han
- BIC-ESAT and SKL-ESPC, College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering (T.W., Y.H., X.C., W.C., H.L., Y.W., X.Q., J.G., T.Z.), Peking University, Beijing, China
- Environmental Research Group, MRC Centre for Environment and Health, Imperial College London, United Kingdom (Y.H.)
| | - Xi Chen
- BIC-ESAT and SKL-ESPC, College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering (T.W., Y.H., X.C., W.C., H.L., Y.W., X.Q., J.G., T.Z.), Peking University, Beijing, China
- GRiC, Shenzhen Institute of Building Research Co., Ltd., China (X.C.)
| | - Wu Chen
- BIC-ESAT and SKL-ESPC, College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering (T.W., Y.H., X.C., W.C., H.L., Y.W., X.Q., J.G., T.Z.), Peking University, Beijing, China
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles (W.C.)
| | - Haonan Li
- BIC-ESAT and SKL-ESPC, College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering (T.W., Y.H., X.C., W.C., H.L., Y.W., X.Q., J.G., T.Z.), Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Yanwen Wang
- BIC-ESAT and SKL-ESPC, College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering (T.W., Y.H., X.C., W.C., H.L., Y.W., X.Q., J.G., T.Z.), Peking University, Beijing, China
- National Institute of Environmental Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China (Y.W.)
| | - Xinghua Qiu
- BIC-ESAT and SKL-ESPC, College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering (T.W., Y.H., X.C., W.C., H.L., Y.W., X.Q., J.G., T.Z.), Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Jicheng Gong
- BIC-ESAT and SKL-ESPC, College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering (T.W., Y.H., X.C., W.C., H.L., Y.W., X.Q., J.G., T.Z.), Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Weiju Li
- Peking University Hospital (W.L.), Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Tong Zhu
- BIC-ESAT and SKL-ESPC, College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering (T.W., Y.H., X.C., W.C., H.L., Y.W., X.Q., J.G., T.Z.), Peking University, Beijing, China
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McReynolds C, Hammock B, Morisseau C. Regulatory lipid vicinal diols counteract the biological activity of epoxy fatty acids and can act as biomarkers and mechanisms for disease progression. Pharmacol Ther 2023; 248:108454. [PMID: 37268114 PMCID: PMC10529401 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2023.108454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2023] [Revised: 05/15/2023] [Accepted: 05/22/2023] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) are essential fatty acids required for human health and are obtained primarily from food or synthesized in the body by highly regulated processes. The metabolites of these lipids, formed largely through the action of cyclooxygenase, lipoxygenase, or cytochrome P450 (CYP450) enzymes, are responsible for multiple biological functions including inflammation, tissue repair, cell proliferation, blood vessel permeability, and immune cell behavior. The role of these regulatory lipids in disease has been well studied since their discovery as druggable targets; however, the metabolites generated downstream of these pathways have only recently gained attention for regulating biology. Specifically, the biological activity of lipid vicinal diols formed from the metabolism of CYP450-generated epoxy fatty acids (EpFA) by epoxide hydrolases were previously thought to have little biological activity but increasingly are recognized as promoting inflammation and brown fat adipogenesis, and exciting neurons through the regulation of ion channel activity at low concentrations. These metabolites also appear to balance the action of the EpFA precursor. For example, EpFA demonstrate the ability to resolve inflammation and reduce pain, while some lipid diols, through opposing mechanisms, promote inflammation and pain. This review describes recent studies that highlight the role of regulatory lipids, focusing on the balance between EpFA and their diol metabolites in promoting or resolving disease.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Bruce Hammock
- EicOsis, Davis, CA, United States of America; University of California, Davis, CA, United States of America
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11
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Edin ML, Gruzdev A, Bradbury JA, Graves JP, Lih FB, DeGraff LM, Fleming I, Zeldin DC. Disruption of Ephx2 in cardiomyocytes but not endothelial cells improves functional recovery after ischemia-reperfusion in isolated mouse hearts. J Biol Chem 2023; 299:103049. [PMID: 36822325 PMCID: PMC10040734 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2023.103049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2022] [Revised: 02/10/2023] [Accepted: 02/11/2023] [Indexed: 02/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Cytochromes P450 metabolize arachidonic acid to epoxyeicosatrienoic acids (EETs) which have numerous effects. After cardiac ischemia, EET-induced coronary vasodilation increases delivery of oxygen/nutrients to the myocardium, and EET-induced signaling protects cardiomyocytes against postischemic mitochondrial damage. Soluble epoxide hydrolase 2 (EPHX2) diminishes the benefits of EETs through hydrolysis to less active dihydroxyeicosatrienoic acids. EPHX2 inhibition or genetic disruption improves recovery of cardiac function after ischemia. Immunohistochemical staining revealed EPHX2 expression in cardiomyocytes and some endothelial cells but little expression in cardiac smooth muscle cells or fibroblasts. To determine specific roles of EPHX2 in cardiac cell types, we generated mice with cell-specific disruption of Ephx2 in endothelial cells (Ephx2fx/fx/Tek-cre) or cardiomyocytes (Ephx2fx/fx/Myh6-cre) to compare to global Ephx2-deficient mice (global Ephx2-/-) and WT (Ephx2fx/fx) mice in expression, EET hydrolase activity, and heart function studies. Most cardiac EPHX2 expression and activity is in cardiomyocytes with substantially less activity in endothelial cells. Ephx2fx/fx/Tek-cre hearts have similar EPHX2 expression, hydrolase activity, and postischemic cardiac function as control Ephx2fx/fx hearts. However, Ephx2fx/fx/Myh6-cre hearts were similar to global Ephx2-/- hearts with significantly diminished EPHX2 expression, decreased hydrolase activity, and enhanced postischemic cardiac function compared to Ephx2fx/fx hearts. During reperfusion, Ephx2fx/fx/Myh6-cre hearts displayed increased ERK activation compared to Ephx2fx/fx hearts, which could be reversed by EEZE treatment. EPHX2 did not regulate coronary vasodilation in this model. We conclude that EPHX2 is primarily expressed in cardiomyocytes where it regulates EET hydrolysis and postischemic cardiac function, whereas endothelial EPHX2 does not play a significant role in these processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew L Edin
- Division of Intramural Research, National Institute for Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, USA
| | - Artiom Gruzdev
- Division of Intramural Research, National Institute for Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, USA
| | - J Alyce Bradbury
- Division of Intramural Research, National Institute for Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, USA
| | - Joan P Graves
- Division of Intramural Research, National Institute for Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, USA
| | - Fred B Lih
- Division of Intramural Research, National Institute for Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, USA
| | - Laura M DeGraff
- Division of Intramural Research, National Institute for Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, USA
| | - Ingrid Fleming
- Institute for Vascular Signaling, Centre of Molecular Medicine, Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Darryl C Zeldin
- Division of Intramural Research, National Institute for Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, USA.
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Association of CYP2C19 Polymorphic Markers with Cardiovascular Disease Risk Factors in Gas Industry Workers Undergoing Periodic Medical Examinations. High Blood Press Cardiovasc Prev 2023; 30:151-165. [PMID: 36840850 DOI: 10.1007/s40292-023-00567-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2022] [Accepted: 02/08/2023] [Indexed: 02/26/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Human cytochrome P450 (CYP) enzymes have a wide range of endogenous substrates and play a crucial role in cardiovascular physiology as well as in metabolic processes, so the issue of cytochrome P450 genes investigation has received considerable critical attention in the prevention of cardiovascular diseases (CVDs). AIM Comprehensive assessment of relationship between CYP2C19*2, CYP2C19*3 polymorphisms and CVD risk factors in gas industry workers undergoing periodic medical examination (PME). MATERIALS AND METHODS The study included 193 gas industry workers aged 30-55 years without acute diseases as well as exacerbations of chronic diseases, diabetes mellitus, and CVD history. CYP2C19 (rs4244285 and rs4986893) genotyping and analysis of the relationship between CYP2C19*2 and CYP2C19*3 and CVD risk factors were performed. RESULTS The CYP2C19*2 (A) and CYP2C19*3 (A) loss-of-function alleles frequencies were 20% and 2%, respectively. The frequency of high-normal blood pressure (BP) (130-139 and/or 85-89 mm Hg) detection was higher in the CYP2C19*2 (A) subgroup compared with wild-type GG allele carriers (26.7% vs. 5.2%, p = 0.03) in individuals without arterial hypertension (AH) and BP ≥ 140 and/or 90 mm Hg on PME. The median systolic BP levels were 5 mm Hg higher in CYP2C19*2 (A) group than in CYP2C19*2 (GG) group (125 vs. 120 mm Hg, p = 0.01). There was a similar trend for diastolic BP (85 vs. 80 mmHg, p = 0.08). CYP2C19*2 (A) was associated with higher mean levels of both systolic and diastolic BP (p = 0.015 and p = 0.044, respectively) in patients with AH. CYP2C19*2 was not associated with the other CVD risk factors analyzed. CONCLUSION The association of CYP2C19*2 with BP level suggests a possible role of this factor in AH development, which requires further research.
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Ca 2+-Activated K + Channels and the Regulation of the Uteroplacental Circulation. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24021349. [PMID: 36674858 PMCID: PMC9867535 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24021349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2022] [Revised: 01/06/2023] [Accepted: 01/08/2023] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Adequate uteroplacental blood supply is essential for the development and growth of the placenta and fetus during pregnancy. Aberrant uteroplacental perfusion is associated with pregnancy complications such as preeclampsia, fetal growth restriction (FGR), and gestational diabetes. The regulation of uteroplacental blood flow is thus vital to the well-being of the mother and fetus. Ca2+-activated K+ (KCa) channels of small, intermediate, and large conductance participate in setting and regulating the resting membrane potential of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) and endothelial cells (ECs) and play a critical role in controlling vascular tone and blood pressure. KCa channels are important mediators of estrogen/pregnancy-induced adaptive changes in the uteroplacental circulation. Activation of the channels hyperpolarizes uteroplacental VSMCs/ECs, leading to attenuated vascular tone, blunted vasopressor responses, and increased uteroplacental blood flow. However, the regulation of uteroplacental vascular function by KCa channels is compromised in pregnancy complications. This review intends to provide a comprehensive overview of roles of KCa channels in the regulation of the uteroplacental circulation under physiological and pathophysiological conditions.
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Lipid mediators generated by the cytochrome P450—Epoxide hydrolase pathway. ADVANCES IN PHARMACOLOGY 2023; 97:327-373. [DOI: 10.1016/bs.apha.2022.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
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15
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Zhu H, Wang H, Zhu X, Chen Q, Fang X, Xu X, Ping Y, Gao B, Tong G, Ding Y, Chen T, Huang J. The Importance of Integrated Regulation Mechanism of Coronary Microvascular Function for Maintaining the Stability of Coronary Microcirculation: An Easily Overlooked Perspective. Adv Ther 2023; 40:76-101. [PMID: 36279093 DOI: 10.1007/s12325-022-02343-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2022] [Accepted: 09/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Coronary microvascular dysfunction (CMD) refers to a group of disorders affecting the structure and function of coronary microcirculation and is associated with an increased risk of major adverse cardiovascular events. At present, great progress has been made in the diagnosis of CMD, but there is no specific treatment for it because of the complexity of CMD pathogenesis. Vascular dysfunction is one of the important causes of CMD, but previous reviews mostly considered microvascular dysfunction as a whole abnormality so the obtained conclusions are skewed. The coronary microvascular function is co-regulated by multiple mechanisms, and the mechanisms by which microvessels of different luminal diameters are regulated vary. The main purpose of this review is to revisit the mechanisms by which coronary microvessels at different diameters regulate coronary microcirculation through integrated sequential activation and briefly discuss the pathogenesis, diagnosis, and treatment progress of CMD from this perspective.
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Affiliation(s)
- Houyong Zhu
- Department of Cardiology, Hangzhou TCM Hospital Affiliated to Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, No. 453 Stadium Road, Hangzhou, 310007, Zhejiang, China.
| | - Hanxin Wang
- The Fourth School of Clinical Medicine, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xinyu Zhu
- Department of Cardiology, The Affiliated Hangzhou First People's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, No. 261 Huansha Road, Hangzhou, 310006, Zhejiang, China
| | - Qilan Chen
- Department of Cardiology, Hangzhou TCM Hospital Affiliated to Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, No. 453 Stadium Road, Hangzhou, 310007, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xiaojiang Fang
- Department of Cardiology, Hangzhou TCM Hospital Affiliated to Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, No. 453 Stadium Road, Hangzhou, 310007, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xiaoqun Xu
- Affiliated Hangzhou Chest Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yan Ping
- Department of Cardiology, The Affiliated Hangzhou First People's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, No. 261 Huansha Road, Hangzhou, 310006, Zhejiang, China
| | - Beibei Gao
- Department of Cardiology, The Affiliated Hangzhou First People's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, No. 261 Huansha Road, Hangzhou, 310006, Zhejiang, China
| | - Guoxin Tong
- Department of Cardiology, The Affiliated Hangzhou First People's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, No. 261 Huansha Road, Hangzhou, 310006, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yu Ding
- Department of Cardiology, The Affiliated Hangzhou First People's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, No. 261 Huansha Road, Hangzhou, 310006, Zhejiang, China
| | - Tielong Chen
- Department of Cardiology, Hangzhou TCM Hospital Affiliated to Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, No. 453 Stadium Road, Hangzhou, 310007, Zhejiang, China.
| | - Jinyu Huang
- Department of Cardiology, The Affiliated Hangzhou First People's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, No. 261 Huansha Road, Hangzhou, 310006, Zhejiang, China.
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Nayeem MA, Geldenhuys WJ, Hanif A. Role of cytochrome P450-epoxygenase and soluble epoxide hydrolase in the regulation of vascular response. ADVANCES IN PHARMACOLOGY 2023; 97:37-131. [DOI: 10.1016/bs.apha.2022.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
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ElKhatib MAW, Isse FA, El-Kadi AOS. Effect of inflammation on cytochrome P450-mediated arachidonic acid metabolism and the consequences on cardiac hypertrophy. Drug Metab Rev 2022; 55:50-74. [PMID: 36573379 DOI: 10.1080/03602532.2022.2162075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
The incidence of heart failure (HF) is generally preceded by cardiac hypertrophy (CH), which is the enlargement of cardiac myocytes in response to stress. During CH, the metabolism of arachidonic acid (AA), which is present in the cell membrane phospholipids, is modulated. Metabolism of AA gives rise to hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acids (HETEs) and epoxyeicosatrienoic acids (EETs) via cytochrome P450 (CYP) ω-hydroxylases and CYP epoxygenases, respectively. A plethora of studies demonstrated the involvement of CYP-mediated AA metabolites in the pathogenesis of CH. Also, inflammation is known to be a characteristic hallmark of CH. In this review, our aim is to highlight the impact of inflammation on CYP-derived AA metabolites and CH. Inflammation is shown to modulate the expression of various CYP ω-hydroxylases and CYP epoxygenases and their respective metabolites in the heart. In general, HETEs such as 20-HETE and mid-chain HETEs are pro-inflammatory, while EETs are characterized by their anti-inflammatory and cardioprotective properties. Several mechanisms are implicated in inflammation-induced CH, including the modulation of NF-κB and MAPK. This review demonstrated the inflammatory modulation of cardiac CYPs and their metabolites in the context of CH and the anti-inflammatory strategies that can be employed in the treatment of CH and HF.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Fadumo Ahmed Isse
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
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Nayeem MA, Hanif A, Geldenhuys WJ, Agba S. Crosstalk between adenosine receptors and CYP450-derived oxylipins in the modulation of cardiovascular, including coronary reactive hyperemic response. Pharmacol Ther 2022; 240:108213. [PMID: 35597366 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2022.108213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2022] [Revised: 05/11/2022] [Accepted: 05/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Adenosine is a ubiquitous endogenous nucleoside or autacoid that affects the cardiovascular system through the activation of four G-protein coupled receptors: adenosine A1 receptor (A1AR), adenosine A2A receptor (A2AAR), adenosine A2B receptor (A2BAR), and adenosine A3 receptor (A3AR). With the rapid generation of this nucleoside from cellular metabolism and the widespread distribution of its four G-protein coupled receptors in almost all organs and tissues of the body, this autacoid induces multiple physiological as well as pathological effects, not only regulating the cardiovascular system but also the central nervous system, peripheral vascular system, and immune system. Mounting evidence shows the role of CYP450-enzymes in cardiovascular physiology and pathology, and the genetic polymorphisms in CYP450s can increase susceptibility to cardiovascular diseases (CVDs). One of the most important physiological roles of CYP450-epoxygenases (CYP450-2C & CYP2J2) is the metabolism of arachidonic acid (AA) and linoleic acid (LA) into epoxyeicosatrienoic acids (EETs) and epoxyoctadecaenoic acid (EpOMEs) which generally involve in vasodilation. Like an increase in coronary reactive hyperemia (CRH), an increase in anti-inflammation, and cardioprotective effects. Moreover, the genetic polymorphisms in CYP450-epoxygenases will change the beneficial cardiovascular effects of metabolites or oxylipins into detrimental effects. The soluble epoxide hydrolase (sEH) is another crucial enzyme ubiquitously expressed in all living organisms and almost all organs and tissues. However, in contrast to CYP450-epoxygenases, sEH converts EETs into dihydroxyeicosatrienoic acid (DHETs), EpOMEs into dihydroxyoctadecaenoic acid (DiHOMEs), and others and reverses the beneficial effects of epoxy-fatty acids leading to vasoconstriction, reducing CRH, increase in pro-inflammation, increase in pro-thrombotic and become less cardioprotective. Therefore, polymorphisms in the sEH gene (Ephx2) cause the enzyme to become overactive, making it more vulnerable to CVDs, including hypertension. Besides the sEH, ω-hydroxylases (CYP450-4A11 & CYP450-4F2) derived metabolites from AA, ω terminal-hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acids (19-, 20-HETE), lipoxygenase-derived mid-chain hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acids (5-, 11-, 12-, 15-HETEs), and the cyclooxygenase-derived prostanoids (prostaglandins: PGD2, PGF2α; thromboxane: Txs, oxylipins) are involved in vasoconstriction, hypertension, reduction in CRH, pro-inflammation and cardiac toxicity. Interestingly, the interactions of adenosine receptors (A2AAR, A1AR) with CYP450-epoxygenases, ω-hydroxylases, sEH, and their derived metabolites or oxygenated polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs or oxylipins) is shown in the regulation of the cardiovascular functions. In addition, much evidence demonstrates polymorphisms in CYP450-epoxygenases, ω-hydroxylases, and sEH genes (Ephx2) and adenosine receptor genes (ADORA1 & ADORA2) in the human population with the susceptibility to CVDs, including hypertension. CVDs are the number one cause of death globally, coronary artery disease (CAD) was the leading cause of death in the US in 2019, and hypertension is one of the most potent causes of CVDs. This review summarizes the articles related to the crosstalk between adenosine receptors and CYP450-derived oxylipins in vascular, including the CRH response in regular salt-diet fed and high salt-diet fed mice with the correlation of heart perfusate/plasma oxylipins. By using A2AAR-/-, A1AR-/-, eNOS-/-, sEH-/- or Ephx2-/-, vascular sEH-overexpressed (Tie2-sEH Tr), vascular CYP2J2-overexpressed (Tie2-CYP2J2 Tr), and wild-type (WT) mice. This review article also summarizes the role of pro-and anti-inflammatory oxylipins in cardiovascular function/dysfunction in mice and humans. Therefore, more studies are needed better to understand the crosstalk between the adenosine receptors and eicosanoids to develop diagnostic and therapeutic tools by using plasma oxylipins profiles in CVDs, including hypertensive cases in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed A Nayeem
- Faculties of the Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, USA.
| | - Ahmad Hanif
- Faculties of the Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, USA
| | - Werner J Geldenhuys
- Faculties of the Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, USA
| | - Stephanie Agba
- Graduate student, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, USA
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Avtaar Singh SS, Nappi F. Pathophysiology and Outcomes of Endothelium Function in Coronary Microvascular Diseases: A Systematic Review of Randomized Controlled Trials and Multicenter Study. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10123010. [PMID: 36551766 PMCID: PMC9775403 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10123010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2022] [Revised: 11/17/2022] [Accepted: 11/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Coronary macrovascular disease is a concept that has been well-studied within the literature and has long been the subject of debates surrounding coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) vs. Percutaneous Coronary Intervention (PCI). ISCHEMIA trial reported no statistical difference in the primary clinical endpoint between initial invasive management and initial conservative management, while in the ORBITA trial PCI did not improve angina frequency score significantly more than placebo, albeit PCI resulted in more patient-reported freedom from angina than placebo. However, these results did not prove the superiority of the PCI against OMT, therefore do not indicate the benefit of PCI vs. the OMT. Please rephrase the sentence. We reviewed the role of different factors responsible for endothelial dysfunction from recent randomized clinical trials (RCTs) and multicentre studies. METHODS A detailed search strategy was performed using a dataset that has previously been published. Data of pooled analysis include research articles (human and animal models), CABG, and PCI randomized controlled trials (RCTs). Details of the search strategy and the methods used for data pooling have been published previously and registered with Open-Source Framework. RESULTS The roles of nitric oxide (NO), endothelium-derived contracting factors (EDCFs), and vasodilator prostaglandins (e.g., prostacyclin), as well as endothelium-dependent hyperpolarization (EDH) factors, are crucial for the maintenance of vasomotor tone within the coronary vasculature. These homeostatic mechanisms are affected by sheer forces and other several factors that are currently being studied, such as vaping. The role of intracoronary testing is crucial when determining the effects of therapeutic medications with further studies on the horizon. CONCLUSION The true impact of coronary microvascular dysfunction (CMD) is perhaps underappreciated, which supports the role of medical therapy in determining outcomes. Ongoing trials are underway to further investigate the role of therapeutic agents in secondary prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Francesco Nappi
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Centre Cardiologique du Nord of Saint-Denis, 93200 Saint-Denis, France
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +33-(14)-9334104; Fax: +33-149334119
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Kotlyarov S, Kotlyarova A. Clinical significance of polyunsaturated fatty acids in the prevention of cardiovascular diseases. Front Nutr 2022; 9:998291. [PMID: 36276836 PMCID: PMC9582942 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.998291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2022] [Accepted: 09/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases are one of the most important problems of modern medicine. They are associated with a large number of health care visits, hospitalizations and mortality. Prevention of atherosclerosis is one of the most effective strategies and should start as early as possible. Correction of lipid metabolism disorders is associated with definite clinical successes, both in primary prevention and in the prevention of complications of many cardiovascular diseases. A growing body of evidence suggests a multifaceted role for polyunsaturated fatty acids. They demonstrate a variety of functions in inflammation, both participating directly in a number of cellular processes and acting as a precursor for subsequent biosynthesis of lipid mediators. Extensive clinical data also support the importance of polyunsaturated fatty acids, but all questions have not been answered to date, indicating the need for further research.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Anna Kotlyarova
- Department of Pharmacy Management and Economics, Ryazan State Medical University, Ryazan, Russia
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21
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Soluble Epoxide Hydrolase Inhibitor t-AUCB Ameliorates Vascular Endothelial Dysfunction by Influencing the NF-κB/miR-155-5p/eNOS/NO/IκB Cycle in Hypertensive Rats. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11071372. [PMID: 35883863 PMCID: PMC9311992 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11071372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2022] [Revised: 07/09/2022] [Accepted: 07/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Epoxyeicosatrienoic acids (EETs), angiogenic mediators degraded by soluble epoxide hydrolase (sEH), have been shown to exert beneficial effects on the cardiovascular system. The current study assessed the impact of increased EETs with an sEH inhibitor, t-AUCB, on two-kidney-one-clip (2K1C)-induced renovascular endothelial dysfunction, associated with hypertension, in rats. The hypertensive rats exhibited increased systolic blood pressure, reduced renal blood flow, impaired endothelium-dependent relaxation and eNOS phosphorylation in the renal arteries, elevated ROS production in the endothelium of the renal arteries, and decreased EET levels in plasma, the renal arteries, and endothelial cells; however, t-AUCB reversed all the deleterious effects. Moreover, we found that the stimulation of AMPK/UCP2 scavenged ROS and restored endothelial function in the renal arteries of hypertensive rats undergoing therapy with t-AUCB. In addition, we were the first to reveal the potential role of miR-155-5p in the occurrence and development of vascular endothelial dysfunction in hypertension. Importantly, t-AUCB recovered NO bioavailability by regulating the NF-κB/miR-155-5p/eNOS/NO/IκB cycle after the activation of AMPK/UCP2 and the subsequent inhibition of ROS in hypertensive rat renal artery endothelial cells. This study will provide evidence for this additional new mechanism, underlying the benefits of EETs and the related agents against hypertensive vasculopathy.
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22
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Novel Unspecific Peroxygenase from Truncatella angustata Catalyzes the Synthesis of Bioactive Lipid Mediators. Microorganisms 2022; 10:microorganisms10071267. [PMID: 35888989 PMCID: PMC9322767 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms10071267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2022] [Revised: 06/10/2022] [Accepted: 06/16/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Lipid mediators, such as epoxidized or hydroxylated eicosanoids (EETs, HETEs) of arachidonic acid (AA), are important signaling molecules and play diverse roles at different physiological and pathophysiological levels. The EETs and HETEs formed by the cytochrome P450 enzymes are still not fully explored, but show interesting anti-inflammatory properties, which make them attractive as potential therapeutic target or even as therapeutic agents. Conventional methods of chemical synthesis require several steps and complex separation techniques and lead only to low yields. Using the newly discovered unspecific peroxygenase TanUPO from the ascomycetous fungus Truncatella angustata, 90% regioselective conversion of AA to 14,15-EET could be achieved. Selective conversion of AA to 18-HETE, 19-HETE as well as to 11,12-EET and 14,15-EET was also demonstrated with known peroxygenases, i.e., AaeUPO, CraUPO, MroUPO, MweUPO and CglUPO. The metabolites were confirmed by HPLC-ELSD, MS1 and MS2 spectrometry as well as by comparing their analytical data with authentic standards. Protein structure simulations of TanUPO provided insights into its substrate access channel and give an explanation for the selective oxyfunctionalization of AA. The present study expands the scope of UPOs as they can now be used for selective syntheses of AA metabolites that serve as reference material for diagnostics, for structure-function elucidation as well as for therapeutic and pharmacological purposes.
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23
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Charles R, Eaton P. Redox Regulation of Soluble Epoxide Hydrolase-Implications for Cardiovascular Health and Disease. Cells 2022; 11:cells11121932. [PMID: 35741062 PMCID: PMC9221603 DOI: 10.3390/cells11121932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2022] [Revised: 06/10/2022] [Accepted: 06/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Cell responses to changes in their redox state are significantly mediated by reversible oxido-reductive post-translational modifications of proteins, potentially altering their activities or interactions. These modifications are important for the homeostatic responses of cells to environmental changes that alter their redox state. Such redox regulatory mechanisms not only operate to maintain health, but can become dysregulated and contribute to pathophysiology. In this review, we focus on the redox control of soluble epoxide hydrolase (sEH), which is widely expressed, including in blood vessels and cardiomyocytes. We review the different types of oxidative modifications that regulate sEH and how they may alter cardiovascular physiology and affect disease progression during stress.
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24
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Gao L, Kong X, Wu W, Feng Z, Zhi H, Zhang Z, Long H, Lei M, Hou J, Wu W, Guo DA. Dissecting the Regulation of Arachidonic Acid Metabolites by Uncaria rhynchophylla (Miq). Miq. in Spontaneously Hypertensive Rats and the Predictive Target sEH in the Anti-Hypertensive Effect Based on Metabolomics and Molecular Docking. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:909631. [PMID: 35712719 PMCID: PMC9196077 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.909631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2022] [Accepted: 05/16/2022] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Uncariarhynchophylla (Miq). Miq. (UR), as a traditional Chinese medicine, was employed in treating hypertension as a safe and effective therapy. The pharmacological properties of UR have characteristics of multiple biological targets and multiple functional pathways. Hypertension is related to impaired metabolic homeostasis and is especially associated with the abnormal regulation of arachidonic acid metabolites, the classical cardiovascular active compounds. This study aimed to examine the anti-hypertensive effect of UR extract (URE) and its regulating role in differential metabolic pathways. The results showed that daily administration of URE at a dose of 4 g crude drug/kg orally could exert hypotensive effects on spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHRs) for 8 weeks. Non-targeted metabolomics analysis of the plasma samples suggested that the anti-hypertension effect of URE in SHRs was associated with the reorganization of the perturbed metabolic network, such as the pathways of glycerophospholipid metabolism, linoleic acid metabolism, and arachidonic acid metabolism. For the targeted metabolomics, twenty-eight arachidonic acid metabolites in SHRs were quantitatively analyzed for the first time based on ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry method after URE administration. URE restored the functions of these cardiovascular active compounds and rebalanced the dynamics of arachidonic acid metabolic flux. Among them, the inhibition of soluble epoxide hydrolase (sEH) enzyme activity and up-regulation of vasodilators epoxyeicosatrienoic acids (EETs) were identified as contributors to the anti-hypertension effect of URE on SHRs, and sEH represented an attractive and promising drug-binding target of URE. With the molecular docking approach, 13 potential anti-hypertension ingredients as well as sEH inhibitors were discovered, which were worthy of further investigation and verification in future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Gao
- National Engineering Laboratory for TCM Standardization Technology, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xinqin Kong
- National Engineering Laboratory for TCM Standardization Technology, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Wenyong Wu
- National Engineering Laboratory for TCM Standardization Technology, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Zijin Feng
- National Engineering Laboratory for TCM Standardization Technology, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Haijuan Zhi
- National Engineering Laboratory for TCM Standardization Technology, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Zijia Zhang
- National Engineering Laboratory for TCM Standardization Technology, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Huali Long
- National Engineering Laboratory for TCM Standardization Technology, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Min Lei
- National Engineering Laboratory for TCM Standardization Technology, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Jinjun Hou
- National Engineering Laboratory for TCM Standardization Technology, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
- *Correspondence: Jinjun Hou, ; Wanying Wu,
| | - Wanying Wu
- National Engineering Laboratory for TCM Standardization Technology, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Jinjun Hou, ; Wanying Wu,
| | - De-an Guo
- National Engineering Laboratory for TCM Standardization Technology, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
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25
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Malacarne PF, Bezzenberger J, Lopez M, Warwick T, Müller N, Brandes RP, Rezende F. Epoxyeicosatrienoic Acid and Prostanoid Crosstalk at the Receptor and Intracellular Signaling Levels to Maintain Vascular Tone. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23115939. [PMID: 35682616 PMCID: PMC9180422 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23115939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2022] [Revised: 05/18/2022] [Accepted: 05/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Epoxyeicosatrienoic acids (EETs) are signaling lipids produced by the cytochrome P450-(CYP450)-mediated epoxygenation of arachidonic acid. EETs have numerous biological effects on the vascular system, but aspects including their species specificity make their effects on vascular tone controversial. CYP450 enzymes require the 450-reductase (POR) for their activity. We set out to determine the contribution of endothelial CYP450 to murine vascular function using isolated aortic ring preparations from tamoxifen-inducible endothelial cell-specific POR knockout mice (ecPOR-/-). Constrictor responses to phenylephrine were similar between control (CTR) and ecPOR-/- mice. Contrastingly, sensitivity to the thromboxane receptor agonist U46619 and prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) was increased following the deletion of POR. Ex vivo incubation with a non-hydrolyzable EET (14,15-EE-8(Z)-E, EEZE) reversed the increased sensitivity to U46619 to the levels of CTR. EETs had no effect on vascular tone in phenylephrine-preconstricted vessels, but dilated vessels contracted with U46619 or PGE2. As U46619 acts through RhoA-dependent kinase, this system was analyzed. The deletion of POR affected the expression of genes in this pathway and the inhibition of Rho-GTPase with SAR407899 decreased sensitivity to U46619. These data suggest that EET and prostanoid crosstalk at the receptor level and that lack of EET production sensitizes vessels to vasoconstriction via the induction of the Rho kinase system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pedro Felipe Malacarne
- Institute for Cardiovascular Physiology, Goethe-University, 60590 Frankfurt, Germany; (P.F.M.); (J.B.); (M.L.); (T.W.); (N.M.); (R.P.B.)
- German Centre for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Rhein-Main, 60590 Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Justus Bezzenberger
- Institute for Cardiovascular Physiology, Goethe-University, 60590 Frankfurt, Germany; (P.F.M.); (J.B.); (M.L.); (T.W.); (N.M.); (R.P.B.)
- German Centre for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Rhein-Main, 60590 Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Melina Lopez
- Institute for Cardiovascular Physiology, Goethe-University, 60590 Frankfurt, Germany; (P.F.M.); (J.B.); (M.L.); (T.W.); (N.M.); (R.P.B.)
- German Centre for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Rhein-Main, 60590 Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Timothy Warwick
- Institute for Cardiovascular Physiology, Goethe-University, 60590 Frankfurt, Germany; (P.F.M.); (J.B.); (M.L.); (T.W.); (N.M.); (R.P.B.)
- German Centre for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Rhein-Main, 60590 Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Niklas Müller
- Institute for Cardiovascular Physiology, Goethe-University, 60590 Frankfurt, Germany; (P.F.M.); (J.B.); (M.L.); (T.W.); (N.M.); (R.P.B.)
- German Centre for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Rhein-Main, 60590 Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Ralf P. Brandes
- Institute for Cardiovascular Physiology, Goethe-University, 60590 Frankfurt, Germany; (P.F.M.); (J.B.); (M.L.); (T.W.); (N.M.); (R.P.B.)
- German Centre for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Rhein-Main, 60590 Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Flávia Rezende
- Institute for Cardiovascular Physiology, Goethe-University, 60590 Frankfurt, Germany; (P.F.M.); (J.B.); (M.L.); (T.W.); (N.M.); (R.P.B.)
- German Centre for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Rhein-Main, 60590 Frankfurt, Germany
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +49-69-6301-6996; Fax: +49-69-6301-7668
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26
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Sonobe T, Tsuchimochi H, Maeda H, Pearson JT. Increased contribution of KCa channels to muscle contraction induced vascular and blood flow responses in sedentary and exercise trained ZFDM rats. J Physiol 2022; 600:2919-2938. [PMID: 35551673 DOI: 10.1113/jp282981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2022] [Accepted: 05/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
KEY POINTS Microvascular dysfunction in type 2 diabetes impairs blood flow redistribution during exercise and limits the performance of skeletal muscle and may cause early fatigability. Endothelium-dependent hyperpolarization (EDH), which mediates vasodilation in resistance arteries is known to be depressed in animals with diabetes. Here we report that low-intensity exercise training in ZFDM rats increased KCa channel-derived component in the vasodilator responses to muscle contraction than in sedentary rats, partly due to the increase in KCNN3 expression. These results suggest that low-intensity exercise training improves blood flow redistribution in contracting skeletal muscle in metabolic disease with diabetes via upregulation of EDH. ABSTRACT In resistance arteries, endothelium-dependent hyperpolarization (EDH) mediated vasodilation is depressed in diabetes. We hypothesized that downregulation of KCa channel derived EDH reduces exercise-induced vasodilation and blood flow redistribution in diabetes. To test this hypothesis, we evaluated vascular function in response to hindlimb muscle contraction, and the contribution of KCa channels in anaesthetised ZFDM, metabolic disease rats with type 2 diabetes. We also tested whether exercise training ameliorated the vascular response. Using in vivo microangiography, the hindlimb vasculature was visualized before and after rhythmic muscle contraction (0.5 s tetanus every 3 sec, 20 times) evoked by sciatic nerve stimulation (40 Hz). Femoral blood flow of the contracting hindlimb was simultaneously measured by an ultrasonic flowmeter. The contribution of KCa channels was investigated in the presence and absence of apamin and charybdotoxin. We found that vascular and blood flow responses to muscle contraction were significantly impaired at the level of small artery segments in ZFDM fa/fa rats compared to its lean control fa/+ rats. The contribution of KCa channels was also smaller in fa/fa than in fa/+ rats. Low-intensity exercise training for 12 weeks in fa/fa rats demonstrated minor changes in the vascular and blood flow response to muscle contraction. However, KCa-derived component in the response to muscle contraction was much greater in exercise trained than in sedentary fa/fa rats. These data suggest that exercise training increases the contribution of KCa channels among endothelium-dependent vasodilatory mechanisms to maintain vascular and blood flow responses to muscle contraction in this metabolic disease rat model. Abstract figure legend Low-intensity exercise training in ZFDM, metabolic disease rats with type 2 diabetes increases KCa channel-derived component of endothelium-dependent hyperpolarization in the vascular and blood flow responses to skeletal muscle contraction than the responses in sedentary rats, partly due to upregulation of KCNN3 protein expression. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takashi Sonobe
- Department of Cardiac Physiology, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center Research Institute, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Hirotsugu Tsuchimochi
- Department of Cardiac Physiology, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center Research Institute, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Hisashi Maeda
- Department of Cardiac Physiology, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center Research Institute, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - James T Pearson
- Department of Cardiac Physiology, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center Research Institute, Suita, Osaka, Japan.,Victoria Heart Institute and Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Department of Physiology, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
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27
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Alkayed NJ, Cao Z, Qian ZY, Nagarajan S, Liu X, Nelson JW, Xie F, Li B, Fan W, Liu L, Grafe MR, Davis CM, Xiao X, Barnes AP, Kaul S. Control of Coronary Vascular Resistance by Eicosanoids via a Novel GPCR. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2022; 322:C1011-C1021. [PMID: 35385329 PMCID: PMC9255704 DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00454.2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Arachidonic acid metabolites epoxyeicosatrienoates (EETs) and hydroxyeicosatetraenoates (HETEs) are important regulators of myocardial blood flow and coronary vascular resistance (CVR), but their mechanisms of action are not fully understood. We applied a chemoproteomics strategy using a clickable photoaffinity probe to identify G protein coupled receptor 39 (GPR39) as a microvascular smooth muscle cell (mVSMC) receptor selective for two endogenous eicosanoids, 15-HETE and 14,15-EET, which act on the receptor to oppose each other's activity. The former increases mVSMC intracellular calcium via GPR39 and augments coronary microvascular resistance, and the latter inhibits these actions. Furthermore, we find that the efficacy of both ligands is potentiated by zinc acting as an allosteric modulator. Measurements of coronary perfusion pressure (CPP) in GPR39-null hearts using the Langendorff preparation indicate the receptor senses these eicosanoids to regulate microvascular tone. These results implicate GPR39 as an eicosanoid receptor and key regulator of myocardial tissue perfusion. Our findings will have a major impact on understanding the roles of eicosanoids in cardiovascular physiology and disease and provide an opportunity for the development of novel GPR39-targeting therapies for cardiovascular disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nabil J Alkayed
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon, United States.,The Knight Cardiovascular Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon, United States
| | - Zhiping Cao
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon, United States.,The Knight Cardiovascular Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon, United States
| | - Zu Yuan Qian
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon, United States.,The Knight Cardiovascular Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon, United States
| | - Shanthi Nagarajan
- The Knight Cardiovascular Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon, United States.,Medicinal Chemistry Core, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon, United States
| | - Xuehong Liu
- The Knight Cardiovascular Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon, United States
| | - Jonathan W Nelson
- The Knight Cardiovascular Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon, United States
| | - Fuchun Xie
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon, United States
| | - Bingbing Li
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon, United States
| | - Wei Fan
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon, United States.,The Knight Cardiovascular Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon, United States
| | - Lijuan Liu
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon, United States.,The Knight Cardiovascular Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon, United States
| | - Marjorie R Grafe
- DDepartment of Pathology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon, United States
| | - Catherine M Davis
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon, United States.,The Knight Cardiovascular Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon, United States
| | - Xiangshu Xiao
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon, United States.,The Knight Cardiovascular Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon, United States
| | - Anthony P Barnes
- The Knight Cardiovascular Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon, United States
| | - Sanjiv Kaul
- The Knight Cardiovascular Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon, United States
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28
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Malacarne PF, Ratiu C, Gajos-Draus A, Müller N, Lopez M, Pflüger-Müller B, Ding X, Warwick T, Oo J, Siragusa M, Angioni C, Günther S, Weigert A, Geißlinger G, Lütjohann D, Schunck WH, Fleming I, Brandes RP, Rezende F. Loss of Endothelial Cytochrome P450 Reductase Induces Vascular Dysfunction in Mice. Hypertension 2022; 79:1216-1226. [PMID: 35354305 DOI: 10.1161/hypertensionaha.121.18752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND POR (cytochrome P450 reductase) provides electrons for the catalytic activity of the CYP (cytochrome P450) monooxygenases. CYPs are dual-function enzymes as they generate protective vasoactive mediators derived from polyunsaturated fatty acids but also reactive oxygen species. It is not known in which conditions the endothelial POR/CYP system is beneficial versus deleterious. Here, the activity of all CYP enzymes was eliminated in the vascular endothelium to examine its impact on vascular function. METHODS An endothelial-specific, tamoxifen-inducible POR knockout mouse (ecPOR-/-) was generated. Vascular function was studied by organ chamber experiments. eNOS (endothelial nitric oxide synthase) activity was accessed by heavy arginine/citrulline LC-MS/MS detection and phosphorylation of serine1177 in aortic rings. CYP-derived epoxyeicosatrienoic acids and prostanoids were measured by LC-MS/MS. Gene expression of aorta and endothelial cells was profiled by RNA sequencing. Blood pressure was measured by telemetry. RESULTS Acetylcholine-induced endothelium-dependent relaxation was attenuated in isolated vessels of ecPOR-/- as compared with control mice. Additionally, ecPOR-/- mice had attenuated eNOS activity and eNOS/AKT phosphorylation. POR deletion reduced endothelial stores of CYP-derived epoxyeicosatrienoic acids but increased vascular prostanoids. This phenomenon was paralleled by the induction of genes implicated in eicosanoid generation. In response to Ang II (angiotensin II) infusion, blood pressure increased significantly more in ecPOR-/- mice. Importantly, the cyclooxygenase inhibitor Naproxen selectively lowered the Ang II-induced hypertension in ecPOR-/- mice. CONCLUSIONS POR expression in endothelial cells maintains eNOS activity and its loss results in an overactivation of the vasoconstrictor prostanoid system. Through these mechanisms, loss of endothelial POR induces vascular dysfunction and hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pedro Felipe Malacarne
- Institute for Cardiovascular Physiology, Goethe-University, Frankfurt, Germany. (P.F.M., C.R., A.G.-D., N.M., M.L., B.P.-M., T.W., J.O., R.P.B., F.R.).,German Centre for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Rhein-Main, Frankfurt, Germany (P.F.M., C.R., N.M., M.L., B.P.-M., T.W., J.O., M.S., I.F., R.P.B., F.R.)
| | - Corina Ratiu
- Institute for Cardiovascular Physiology, Goethe-University, Frankfurt, Germany. (P.F.M., C.R., A.G.-D., N.M., M.L., B.P.-M., T.W., J.O., R.P.B., F.R.).,German Centre for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Rhein-Main, Frankfurt, Germany (P.F.M., C.R., N.M., M.L., B.P.-M., T.W., J.O., M.S., I.F., R.P.B., F.R.)
| | - Anna Gajos-Draus
- Institute for Cardiovascular Physiology, Goethe-University, Frankfurt, Germany. (P.F.M., C.R., A.G.-D., N.M., M.L., B.P.-M., T.W., J.O., R.P.B., F.R.).,National Science Centre, Poland (A.G.-D.)
| | - Niklas Müller
- Institute for Cardiovascular Physiology, Goethe-University, Frankfurt, Germany. (P.F.M., C.R., A.G.-D., N.M., M.L., B.P.-M., T.W., J.O., R.P.B., F.R.).,German Centre for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Rhein-Main, Frankfurt, Germany (P.F.M., C.R., N.M., M.L., B.P.-M., T.W., J.O., M.S., I.F., R.P.B., F.R.)
| | - Melina Lopez
- Institute for Cardiovascular Physiology, Goethe-University, Frankfurt, Germany. (P.F.M., C.R., A.G.-D., N.M., M.L., B.P.-M., T.W., J.O., R.P.B., F.R.).,German Centre for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Rhein-Main, Frankfurt, Germany (P.F.M., C.R., N.M., M.L., B.P.-M., T.W., J.O., M.S., I.F., R.P.B., F.R.)
| | - Beatrice Pflüger-Müller
- Institute for Cardiovascular Physiology, Goethe-University, Frankfurt, Germany. (P.F.M., C.R., A.G.-D., N.M., M.L., B.P.-M., T.W., J.O., R.P.B., F.R.).,German Centre for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Rhein-Main, Frankfurt, Germany (P.F.M., C.R., N.M., M.L., B.P.-M., T.W., J.O., M.S., I.F., R.P.B., F.R.)
| | - Xinxin Ding
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, the University of Arizona, Tucson (X.D.)
| | - Timothy Warwick
- Institute for Cardiovascular Physiology, Goethe-University, Frankfurt, Germany. (P.F.M., C.R., A.G.-D., N.M., M.L., B.P.-M., T.W., J.O., R.P.B., F.R.).,German Centre for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Rhein-Main, Frankfurt, Germany (P.F.M., C.R., N.M., M.L., B.P.-M., T.W., J.O., M.S., I.F., R.P.B., F.R.)
| | - James Oo
- Institute for Cardiovascular Physiology, Goethe-University, Frankfurt, Germany. (P.F.M., C.R., A.G.-D., N.M., M.L., B.P.-M., T.W., J.O., R.P.B., F.R.).,German Centre for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Rhein-Main, Frankfurt, Germany (P.F.M., C.R., N.M., M.L., B.P.-M., T.W., J.O., M.S., I.F., R.P.B., F.R.)
| | - Mauro Siragusa
- Institute for Vascular Signalling, Goethe-University, Frankfurt, Germany. (M.S., I.F.).,German Centre for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Rhein-Main, Frankfurt, Germany (P.F.M., C.R., N.M., M.L., B.P.-M., T.W., J.O., M.S., I.F., R.P.B., F.R.)
| | - Carlo Angioni
- Institute for Clinical Pharmacology, Goethe-University, Frankfurt, Germany. (C.A., G.G.)
| | - Stefan Günther
- Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Max Planck Institute, Bad Nauheim, Germany (S.G.)
| | - Andreas Weigert
- Institute of Biochemistry I, Goethe-University, Frankfurt, Germany. (A.W.)
| | - Gerd Geißlinger
- Institute for Clinical Pharmacology, Goethe-University, Frankfurt, Germany. (C.A., G.G.)
| | - Dieter Lütjohann
- Institute for Clinical Chemistry and Pharmacology, University of Bonn, Germany (D.L.)
| | | | - Ingrid Fleming
- Institute for Vascular Signalling, Goethe-University, Frankfurt, Germany. (M.S., I.F.).,German Centre for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Rhein-Main, Frankfurt, Germany (P.F.M., C.R., N.M., M.L., B.P.-M., T.W., J.O., M.S., I.F., R.P.B., F.R.)
| | - Ralf P Brandes
- Institute for Cardiovascular Physiology, Goethe-University, Frankfurt, Germany. (P.F.M., C.R., A.G.-D., N.M., M.L., B.P.-M., T.W., J.O., R.P.B., F.R.).,German Centre for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Rhein-Main, Frankfurt, Germany (P.F.M., C.R., N.M., M.L., B.P.-M., T.W., J.O., M.S., I.F., R.P.B., F.R.)
| | - Flávia Rezende
- Institute for Cardiovascular Physiology, Goethe-University, Frankfurt, Germany. (P.F.M., C.R., A.G.-D., N.M., M.L., B.P.-M., T.W., J.O., R.P.B., F.R.).,German Centre for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Rhein-Main, Frankfurt, Germany (P.F.M., C.R., N.M., M.L., B.P.-M., T.W., J.O., M.S., I.F., R.P.B., F.R.)
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Isse FA, El-Sherbeni AA, El-Kadi AOS. The multifaceted role of cytochrome P450-Derived arachidonic acid metabolites in diabetes and diabetic cardiomyopathy. Drug Metab Rev 2022; 54:141-160. [PMID: 35306928 DOI: 10.1080/03602532.2022.2051045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Understanding lipid metabolism is a critical key to understanding the pathogenesis of Diabetes Mellitus (DM). It is known that 60-90% of DM patients are obese or used to be obese. The incidence of obesity is rising owing to the modern sedentary lifestyle that leads to insulin resistance and increased levels of free fatty acids, predisposing tissues to utilize more lipids with less glucose uptake. However, the exact mechanism is not yet fully elucidated. Diabetic cardiomyopathy seems to be associated with these alterations in lipid metabolism. Arachidonic acid (AA) is an important fatty acid that is metabolized to several bioactive compounds by cyclooxygenases, lipoxygenases, and the more recently discovered, cytochrome P450 (P450) enzymes. P450 metabolizes AA to either epoxy-AA (EETs) or hydroxy-AA (HETEs). Studies showed that EETs could have cardioprotective effects and beneficial effects in reversing abnormalities in glucose and insulin homeostasis. Conversely, HETEs, most importantly 12-HETE and 20-HETE, were found to interfere with normal glucose and insulin homeostasis and thus, might be involved in diabetic cardiomyopathy. In this review, we highlight the role of P450-derived AA metabolites in the context of DM and diabetic cardiomyopathy and their potential use as a target for developing new treatments for DM and diabetic cardiomyopathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fadumo Ahmed Isse
- Departmet of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
| | - Ahmed A El-Sherbeni
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt
| | - Ayman O S El-Kadi
- Departmet of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
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30
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Imig JD. Orally active epoxyeicosatrienoic acid analogs in hypertension and renal injury. ADVANCES IN PHARMACOLOGY 2022; 94:27-55. [PMID: 35659375 PMCID: PMC10105514 DOI: 10.1016/bs.apha.2022.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Epoxyeicosatrienoic acids (EETs) are arachidonic acid metabolites synthesized by cytochrome P450 epoxygenases. Biological activities for EETs include vasodilation, decreasing inflammation, opposing apoptosis, and inhibiting renal sodium reabsorption. These actions are beneficial in lowering blood pressure and slowing kidney disease progression. Furthermore, evidence in human and experimental animal studies have found that decreased EET levels contribute to hypertension and kidney diseases. Consequently, EET mimics/analogs have been developed as a potential therapeutic for hypertension and acute and chronic kidney diseases. Their development has resulted in EET analogs that are orally active with favorable pharmacological profiles. Analogs for 8,9-EET, 11,12-EET, and 14,15-EET have been tested in several hypertension and kidney disease animal models. More recently, kidney targeted EET analogs have been synthesized and tested against drug-induced nephrotoxicity. Experimental evidence has demonstrated compelling therapeutic potential for EET analogs to oppose cardiovascular and kidney diseases. These EET analogs lower blood pressure, decrease kidney inflammation, improve vascular endothelial function, and decrease kidney fibrosis and apoptosis. Overall, these preclinical studies support the likelihood that EET analogs will advance to clinical trials for hypertension and associated comorbidities or acute and chronic kidney diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- John D Imig
- Drug Discovery Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, United States.
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31
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Miyata K, Horikami D, Tachibana Y, Yamamoto T, Nakamura T, Kobayashi K, Murata T. 15-hydroxy eicosadienoic acid is an exacerbating factor for nasal congestion in mice. FASEB J 2021; 36:e22085. [PMID: 34888952 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202101305r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2021] [Revised: 11/15/2021] [Accepted: 11/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Allergic rhinitis (AR) is one of the most common allergic inflammatory diseases worldwide. In AR, increased blood flow and vascular permeability in nasal mucosa cause rhinorrhea and nasal congestion. We investigated the role of an 11Z,14Z-eicosadienoic acid-derived metabolite, 15-hydroxy-11Z,13Z-eicosadienoic acid (15-HEDE), in functional changes in vasculature and nasal congestion in AR. Repeated intranasal administration of Ovalbumin (OVA) caused AR symptoms, such as sneezing and nasal congestion, in mice. OVA administration increased the level of 15-HEDE in nasal lavage fluid, which reached approximately 0.6 ng/ml after ten OVA treatments. Upon measuring vascular contraction, treatment with 0.1-3 μM 15-HEDE did not cause contraction in mouse aortae, while it dilated aortae that were pre-contracted by thromboxane receptor stimulation. Pretreatment with the voltage-gated K+ (KV ) channel inhibitor 4-aminopyridine significantly inhibited the 15-HEDE-induced vascular relaxation. Intravital imaging showed that administration of 1 μg 15-HEDE dilated blood vessels, and Mile's assay demonstrated that this administration also caused dye leakage, indicating vascular hyperpermeability in mouse ears. Computed tomography scanning and morphological study revealed that administration of 3 μg 15-HEDE narrowed nasal passages and thickened nasal mucosa in mice. Finally, we confirmed that treating mice with 3 μg 15-HEDE caused rhinitis symptoms, such as abdominal breathing, and reduced respiratory frequency, suggesting nasal congestion. 15-HEDE caused vasodilation by activating KV channels and increased vascular permeability, which may lead to nasal congestion. Furthermore, 15-HEDE might be a new lipid mediator that exacerbates nasal congestion in AR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kana Miyata
- Department of Animal Radiology, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Daiki Horikami
- Department of Animal Radiology, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yuri Tachibana
- Department of Animal Radiology, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Teruko Yamamoto
- Department of Animal Radiology, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tatsuro Nakamura
- Department of Animal Radiology, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Koji Kobayashi
- Department of Animal Radiology, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takahisa Murata
- Department of Animal Radiology, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
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32
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Godo S, Takahashi J, Yasuda S, Shimokawa H. Endothelium in Coronary Macrovascular and Microvascular Diseases. J Cardiovasc Pharmacol 2021; 78:S19-S29. [PMID: 34840261 PMCID: PMC8647695 DOI: 10.1097/fjc.0000000000001089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2021] [Accepted: 06/05/2021] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
ABSTRACT The endothelium plays a pivotal role in the regulation of vascular tone by synthesizing and liberating endothelium-derived relaxing factors inclusive of vasodilator prostaglandins (eg, prostacyclin), nitric oxide (NO), and endothelium-dependent hyperpolarization factors in a distinct blood vessel size-dependent manner. Large conduit arteries are predominantly regulated by NO and small resistance arteries by endothelium-dependent hyperpolarization factors. Accumulating evidence over the past few decades has demonstrated that endothelial dysfunction and coronary vasomotion abnormalities play crucial roles in the pathogenesis of various cardiovascular diseases. Structural and functional alterations of the coronary microvasculature have been coined as coronary microvascular dysfunction (CMD), which is highly prevalent and associated with adverse clinical outcomes in many clinical settings. The major mechanisms of coronary vasomotion abnormalities include enhanced coronary vasoconstrictive reactivity at epicardial and microvascular levels, impaired endothelium-dependent and endothelium-independent coronary vasodilator capacities, and elevated coronary microvascular resistance caused by structural factors. Recent experimental and clinical research has highlighted CMD as the systemic small artery disease beyond the heart, emerging modulators of vascular functions, novel insights into the pathogenesis of cardiovascular diseases associated with CMD, and potential therapeutic interventions to CMD with major clinical implications. In this article, we will summarize the current knowledge on the endothelial modulation of vascular tone and the pathogenesis of coronary macrovascular and microvascular diseases from bench to bedside, with a special emphasis placed on the mechanisms and clinical implications of CMD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shigeo Godo
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan; and
| | - Jun Takahashi
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan; and
| | - Satoshi Yasuda
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan; and
| | - Hiroaki Shimokawa
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan; and
- Graduate School, International University of Health and Welfare, Narita, Japan
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Garland CJ, Dora KA. Endothelium-Dependent Hyperpolarization: The Evolution of Myoendothelial Microdomains. J Cardiovasc Pharmacol 2021; 78:S3-S12. [PMID: 34840265 DOI: 10.1097/fjc.0000000000001087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2021] [Accepted: 05/29/2021] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
ABSTRACT Endothelium-derived hyperpolarizing factor (EDHF) was envisaged as a chemical entity causing vasodilation by hyperpolarizing vascular smooth muscle (VSM) cells and distinct from nitric oxide (NO) ([aka endothelium-derived relaxing factor (EDRF)]) and prostacyclin. The search for an identity for EDHF unraveled the complexity of signaling within small arteries. Hyperpolarization originates within endothelial cells (ECs), spreading to the VSM by 2 branches, 1 chemical and 1 electrical, with the relative contribution varying with artery location, branch order, and prevailing profile of VSM activation. Chemical signals vary likewise and can involve potassium ion, lipid mediators, and hydrogen peroxide, whereas electrical signaling depends on physical contacts formed by homocellular and heterocellular (myoendothelial; MEJ) gap junctions, both able to conduct hyperpolarizing current. The discovery that chemical and electrical signals each arise within ECs resulted in an evolution of the single EDHF concept into the more inclusive, EDH signaling. Recognition of the importance of MEJs and particularly the fact they can support bidirectional signaling also informed the discovery that Ca2+ signals can pass from VSM to ECs during vasoconstriction. This signaling activates negative feedback mediated by NO and EDH forming a myoendothelial feedback circuit, which may also be responsible for basal or constitutive release of NO and EDH activity. The MEJs are housed in endothelial projections, and another spin-off from investigating EDH signaling was the discovery these fine structures contain clusters of signaling proteins to regulate both hyperpolarization and NO release. So, these tiny membrane bridges serve as a signaling superhighway or infobahn, which controls vasoreactivity by responding to signals flowing back and forth between the endothelium and VSM. By allowing bidirectional signaling, MEJs enable sinusoidal vasomotion, co-ordinated cycles of widespread vasoconstriction/vasodilation that optimize time-averaged blood flow. Cardiovascular disease disrupts EC signaling and as a result vasomotion changes to vasospasm.
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Frömel T, Naeem Z, Pirzeh L, Fleming I. Cytochrome P450-derived fatty acid epoxides and diols in angiogenesis and stem cell biology. Pharmacol Ther 2021; 234:108049. [PMID: 34848204 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2021.108049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2021] [Revised: 11/04/2021] [Accepted: 11/24/2021] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Cytochrome P450 (CYP) enzymes are frequently referred to as the third pathway for the metabolism of arachidonic acid. While it is true that these enzymes generate arachidonic acid epoxides i.e. the epoxyeicosatrienoic acids (EETs), they are able to accept a wealth of ω-3 and ω-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) to generate a large range of regio- and stereo-isomers with distinct biochemical properties and physiological actions. Probably the best studied are the EETs which have well documented effects on vascular reactivity and angiogenesis. CYP enzymes can also participate in crosstalk with other PUFA pathways and metabolize prostaglandin G2 and H2, which are the precursors of effector prostaglandins, to affect macrophage function and lymphangiogenesis. The activity of the PUFA epoxides is thought to be kept in check by the activity of epoxide hydrolases. However, rather than being inactive, the diols generated have been shown to regulate neutrophil activation, stem and progenitor cell proliferation and Notch signaling in addition to acting as exercise-induced lipokines. Excessive production of PUFA diols has also been implicated in pathologies such as severe respiratory distress syndromes, including COVID-19, and diabetic retinopathy. This review highlights some of the recent findings related to this pathway that affect angiogenesis and stem cell biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timo Frömel
- Institute for Vascular Signalling, Centre for Molecular Medicine, Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Zumer Naeem
- Institute for Vascular Signalling, Centre for Molecular Medicine, Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Lale Pirzeh
- Institute for Vascular Signalling, Centre for Molecular Medicine, Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Ingrid Fleming
- Institute for Vascular Signalling, Centre for Molecular Medicine, Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany; German Centre for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK) Partner Site Rhein-Main, Frankfurt am Main, Germany; The Cardio-Pulmonary Institute, Frankfurt am Main, Germany.
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35
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Charles RL, Abis G, Fernandez BF, Guttzeit S, Buccafusca R, Conte MR, Eaton P. A thiol redox sensor in soluble epoxide hydrolase enables oxidative activation by intra-protein disulfide bond formation. Redox Biol 2021; 46:102107. [PMID: 34509915 PMCID: PMC8436062 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2021.102107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2021] [Revised: 08/12/2021] [Accepted: 08/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Soluble epoxide hydrolase (sEH), an enzyme that broadly regulates the cardiovascular system, hydrolyses epoxyeicosatrienoic acids (EETs) to their corresponding dihydroxyeicosatrienoic acids (DHETs). We previously showed that endogenous lipid electrophiles adduct within the catalytic domain, inhibiting sEH to lower blood pressure in angiotensin II-induced hypertensive mice. As angiotensin II increases vascular H2O2, we explored sEH redox regulation by this oxidant and how this integrates with inhibition by lipid electrophiles to regulate vasotone. Kinetics analyses revealed that H2O2 not only increased the specific activity of sEH but increased its affinity for substrate and increased its catalytic efficiency. This oxidative activation was mediated by formation of an intra-disulfide bond between C262 and C264, as determined by mass spectrometry and substantiated by biotin-phenylarsinate and thioredoxin-trapping mutant assays. C262S/264S sEH mutants were resistant to peroxide-induced activation, corroborating the disulfide-activation mechanism. The physiological impact of sEH redox state was determined in isolated arteries and the effect of the pro-oxidant vasopressor angiotensin II on arterial sEH redox state and vasodilatory EETs indexed in mice. Angiotensin II induced the activating intra-disulfide in sEH, causing a decrease in plasma EET/DHET ratios that is consistent with the pressor response to this hormone. Although sEH C262-C264 disulfide formation enhances hydrolysis of vasodilatory EETs, this modification also sensitized sEH to inhibition by lipid electrophiles. This explains why angiotensin II decreases EETs and increases blood pressure, but when lipid electrophiles are also present, that EETs are increased and blood pressure lowered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca L Charles
- Queen Mary University of London, William Harvey Research Institute, Charterhouse Square, London, EC1M 6BQ, UK
| | - Giancarlo Abis
- King's College London, Randall Centre for Cell and Molecular Biophysics, School of Basic and Medical Biosciences, London, SE1 1UL, UK
| | - Beatriz F Fernandez
- King's College London, The British Heart Foundation Centre of Excellence, The Rayne Institute, St Thomas' Hospital, London, SE1 7EH, UK
| | - Sebastian Guttzeit
- King's College London, The British Heart Foundation Centre of Excellence, The Rayne Institute, St Thomas' Hospital, London, SE1 7EH, UK
| | - Roberto Buccafusca
- Queen Mary University of London, School of Biological and Chemical Sciences, Mile End Road, London, E1 4NS, UK
| | - Maria R Conte
- King's College London, Randall Centre for Cell and Molecular Biophysics, School of Basic and Medical Biosciences, London, SE1 1UL, UK.
| | - Philip Eaton
- Queen Mary University of London, William Harvey Research Institute, Charterhouse Square, London, EC1M 6BQ, UK.
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Cyp2c44 epoxygenase-derived epoxyeicosatrienoic acids in vascular smooth muscle cells elicit vasoconstriction of the murine ophthalmic artery. Sci Rep 2021; 11:18764. [PMID: 34548575 PMCID: PMC8455677 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-98236-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2021] [Accepted: 09/02/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Cytochrome P450 (CYP) signalling pathway has been shown to play a vital role in the vasoreactivity of wild type mouse ophthalmic artery. In this study, we determined the expression, vascular responses and potential mechanisms of the CYP-derived arachidonic acid metabolites. The expression of murine CYP (Cyp2c44) and soluble epoxide hydrolase (sEH) in the wild type ophthalmic artery was determined with immunofluorescence, which showed predominant expression of Cyp2c44 in the vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMC), while sEH was found mainly in the endothelium of the wild type ophthalmic artery. Artery of Cyp2c44-/- and sEH-/- mice were used as negative controls. Targeted mass spectrometry-based lipidomics analysis of endogenous epoxide and diols of the wild type artery detected only 14, 15-EET. Vasorelaxant responses of isolated vessels in response to selective pharmacological blockers and agonist were analysed ex vivo. Direct antagonism of epoxyeicosatrienoic acids (EETs) with a selective inhibitor caused partial vasodilation, suggesting that EETs may behave as vasoconstrictors. Exogenous administration of synthetic EET regioisomers significantly constricted the vessels in a concentration-dependent manner, with the strongest responses elicited by 11, 12- and 14, 15-EETs. Our results provide the first experimental evidence that Cyp2c44-derived EETs in the VSMC mediate vasoconstriction of the ophthalmic artery.
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37
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Hamad A, Ozkan MH, Uma S. Trimethylamine-N-oxide (TMAO) Selectively Disrupts Endothelium-Dependent Hyperpolarization-Type Relaxations in a Time-Dependent Manner in Rat Superior Mesenteric Artery. Biol Pharm Bull 2021; 44:1220-1229. [PMID: 34471050 DOI: 10.1248/bpb.b20-00767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The vascular action of trimethylamine-N-oxide (TMAO)-the gut microbiota-derived metabolite-in contributing cardiovascular disease is a controversial topic. A recent study has shown that acute exposure of TMAO at moderate concentrations inhibits endothelium-dependent hyperpolarization (EDH)-type relaxations selectively in rat isolated femoral arteries, but not in mesenteric arteries. Here we determined the efficacy of higher TMAO concentrations with longer exposure times on vascular reactivity in rat isolated superior mesenteric arteries. Acetylcholine-induced EDH-type relaxations were examined before and after incubation with TMAO (0.1-10 mM) at increasing exposure times (1-24 h). One- and 4-h-incubations with TMAO at 0.1-3 mM did not cause any change in EDH-type relaxations. However, when the incubation time was increased to 24 h, responses to acetylcholine were reduced in arteries incubated with 1-3 mM TMAO. In addition, at higher TMAO concentration (10 mM) the decrease in EDH relaxations could be detected both in 4-h- and 24-h-incubations. The EDH-relaxations were preserved in rings incubated with 10 mM TMAO for 24 h in the presence of SKA-31 (10 µM), the small (SKCa)- and intermediate (IKCa)-conductance calcium-activated potassium channel activator. Contractile responses to phenylephrine increased in arteries exposed to 10 mM TMAO for 24 h. Interestingly, nitric oxide (NO)-mediated relaxations remained unchanged in arteries treated for 24 h at any TMAO concentration. Our study revealed that TMAO selectively disrupted EDH-type relaxations time-dependently without interfering with NO-induced vasodilation in rat isolated mesenteric arteries. Disruption of these relaxations may help explain the causal role of elevated TMAO levels in certain vascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdelrahman Hamad
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Hacettepe University
| | | | - Serdar Uma
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Hacettepe University
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Luther JM, Ray J, Wei D, Koethe JR, Hannah L, DeMatteo A, Manning R, Terker AS, Peng D, Nian H, Yu C, Mashayekhi M, Gamboa J, Brown NJ. GSK2256294 Decreases sEH (Soluble Epoxide Hydrolase) Activity in Plasma, Muscle, and Adipose and Reduces F2-Isoprostanes but Does Not Alter Insulin Sensitivity in Humans. Hypertension 2021; 78:1092-1102. [PMID: 34455816 DOI: 10.1161/hypertensionaha.121.17659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
[Figure: see text].
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Affiliation(s)
- James M Luther
- Department of Medicine, Division of Clinical Pharmacology (J.M.L., D.W., A.D., R.M., D.P., J.G., N.J.B.), Vanderbilt University Medical Center
| | - Justina Ray
- Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY (J.R.)
| | - Dawei Wei
- Department of Medicine, Division of Clinical Pharmacology (J.M.L., D.W., A.D., R.M., D.P., J.G., N.J.B.), Vanderbilt University Medical Center
| | - John R Koethe
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases (J.R.K., L.H.), Vanderbilt University Medical Center
| | - Latoya Hannah
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases (J.R.K., L.H.), Vanderbilt University Medical Center
| | - Anthony DeMatteo
- Department of Medicine, Division of Clinical Pharmacology (J.M.L., D.W., A.D., R.M., D.P., J.G., N.J.B.), Vanderbilt University Medical Center
| | - Robert Manning
- Department of Medicine, Division of Clinical Pharmacology (J.M.L., D.W., A.D., R.M., D.P., J.G., N.J.B.), Vanderbilt University Medical Center
| | - Andrew S Terker
- Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology and Hypertension (A.S.T.), Vanderbilt University Medical Center
| | - Dungeng Peng
- Department of Medicine, Division of Clinical Pharmacology (J.M.L., D.W., A.D., R.M., D.P., J.G., N.J.B.), Vanderbilt University Medical Center
| | - Hui Nian
- Department of Biostatistics (H.N., C.Y.), Vanderbilt University Medical Center
| | - Chang Yu
- Department of Biostatistics (H.N., C.Y.), Vanderbilt University Medical Center
| | - Mona Mashayekhi
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism (M.M.), Vanderbilt University Medical Center
| | - Jorge Gamboa
- Department of Medicine, Division of Clinical Pharmacology (J.M.L., D.W., A.D., R.M., D.P., J.G., N.J.B.), Vanderbilt University Medical Center
| | - Nancy J Brown
- Department of Medicine, Division of Clinical Pharmacology (J.M.L., D.W., A.D., R.M., D.P., J.G., N.J.B.), Vanderbilt University Medical Center.,Yale School of Medicine (N.J.B.)
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39
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Zhang J, Yuan HK, Chen S, Zhang ZR. Detrimental or beneficial: Role of endothelial ENaC in vascular function. J Cell Physiol 2021; 237:29-48. [PMID: 34279047 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.30505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2020] [Revised: 06/29/2021] [Accepted: 07/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
In the past, it was believed that the expression of the epithelial sodium channel (ENaC) was restricted to epithelial tissues, such as the distal nephron, airway, sweat glands, and colon, where it is critical for sodium homeostasis. Over the past two decades, this paradigm has shifted due to the finding that ENaC is also expressed in various nonepithelial tissues, notably in vascular endothelial cells. In this review, the recent findings of the expression, regulation, and function of the endothelial ENaC (EnNaC) are discussed. The expression of EnNaC subunits is reported in a variety of endothelial cell lines and vasculatures, but this is controversial across different species and vessels and is not a universal finding in all vascular beds. The expression density of EnNaC is very faint compared to ENaC in the epithelium. To date, little is known about the regulatory mechanism of EnNaC. Through it can be regulated by aldosterone, the detailed downstream signaling remains elusive. EnNaC responds to increased extracellular sodium with the feedforward activation mechanism, which is quite different from the Na+ self-inhibition mechanism of ENaC. Functionally, EnNaC was shown to be a determinant of cellular mechanics and vascular tone as it can sense shear stress, and its activation or insertion into plasma membrane causes endothelial stiffness and reduced nitric oxide production. However, in some blood vessels, EnNaC is essential for maintaining the integrity of endothelial barrier function. In this context, we discuss the possible reasons for the distinct role of EnNaC in vasculatures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Zhang
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Science, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Hui-Kai Yuan
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Shuo Chen
- Department of Biopharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University (Daqing), Daqing, China
| | - Zhi-Ren Zhang
- Departments of Pharmacy and Cardiology, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Institute of Metabolic Disease, Heilongjiang Academy of Medical Science, Heilongjiang Key Laboratory for Metabolic Disorder & Cancer Related Cardiovascular Diseases, NHC Key Laboratory of Cell Transplantation, Harbin Medical University & Key Laboratories of Education Ministry for Myocardial Ischemia Mechanism and Treatment, Harbin, China
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40
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Mughal A, Sun C, O'Rourke ST. Apelin Does Not Impair Coronary Artery Relaxation Mediated by Nitric Oxide-Induced Activation of BK Ca Channels. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:679005. [PMID: 34122102 PMCID: PMC8194342 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.679005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2021] [Accepted: 05/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Apelin-APJ receptor signaling regulates vascular tone in cerebral and peripheral arteries. We recently reported that apelin inhibits BKCa channel function in cerebral arteries, resulting in impaired endothelium-dependent relaxations. In contrast, apelin causes endothelium-dependent relaxation of coronary arteries. However, the effects of apelin on BKCa channel function in coronary arterial myocytes have not yet been explored. We hypothesized that apelin-APJ receptor signaling does not have an inhibitory effect on coronary arterial BKCa channels and hence does not alter nitric oxide (NO)-dependent relaxation of coronary arteries. Patch clamp recording was used to measure whole cell K+ currents in freshly isolated coronary smooth muscle cells. Apelin had no effect on the increases in current density in response to membrane depolarization or to NS1619 (a BKCa channel opener). Moreover, apelin did not inhibit NO/cGMP-dependent relaxations that required activation of BKCa channels in isolated coronary arteries. Apelin-APJ receptor signaling caused a marked increase in intracellular Ca2+ levels in coronary arterial smooth muscle cells, but failed to activate PI3-kinase to increase phosphorylation of Akt protein. Collectively, these data provide mechanistic evidence that apelin has no inhibitory effects on BKCa channel function in coronary arteries. The lack of inhibitory effect on BKCa channels makes it unlikely that activation of APJ receptors in coronary arteries would adversely affect coronary flow by creating a vasoconstrictive environment. It can be expected that apelin or other APJ receptor agonists in development will not interfere with the vasodilator effects of endogenous BKCa channel openers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amreen Mughal
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND, United States
| | - Chengwen Sun
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND, United States
| | - Stephen T O'Rourke
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND, United States
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Leow JWH, Verma RK, Lim ABH, Fan H, Chan ECY. Atypical kinetics of cytochrome P450 2J2: Epoxidation of arachidonic acid and reversible inhibition by xenobiotic inhibitors. Eur J Pharm Sci 2021; 164:105889. [PMID: 34044117 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2021.105889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2021] [Revised: 05/04/2021] [Accepted: 05/20/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Extrahepatic CYP2J2 metabolism of arachidonic acid (AA) to bioactive regioisomeric epoxyeicosatrienoic acids (EETs) is implicated in both physiological and pathological conditions. Here, we aimed to characterize atypical substrate inhibition kinetics of this endogenous metabolic pathway and its reversible inhibition by xenobiotic inhibitors when AA is used as the physiologically-relevant substrate vis-à-vis conventional probe substrate astemizole (AST). As compared to typical Michaelis-Menten kinetics observed for AST, complete substrate inhibition was observed for CYP2J2 metabolism of AA to 14,15-EET whereby velocity of the reaction declined significantly at concentrations of AA above 20-30 µM with an estimated substrate inhibition constant (Ks) of 31 µM. In silico sequential docking of two AA substrates to orthosteric (OBS) and adjacent secondary binding sites (SBS) within a 3-dimensional homology model of CYP2J2 revealed favorable and comparable binding poses of glide-scores -3.1 and -3.8 respectively. Molecular dynamics (MD) simulations ascertained CYP2J2 conformational stability with dual AA substrate binding as time-dependent root mean squared deviation (RMSD) of protein Cα atoms and ligand heavy atoms stabilized to a plateau in all but one trajectory (n=6). The distance between heme-iron and ω6 (C14, C15) double bond of AA in OBS also increased from 7.5 ± 1.4 Å to 8.5 ± 1.8 Å when CYP2J2 was simulated with only AA in OBS versus the presence of AA in both OBS and SBS (p<0.001), supporting the observed in vitro substrate inhibition phenomenon. Poor correlation was observed between inhibitory constants (Ki) determined for a panel of nine competitive and mixed mode xenobiotic inhibitors against CYP2J2 metabolism of AA as compared to AST, whereby 4 out of 9 drugs had a greater than 5-fold difference between Ki values. Nonlinear Eadie-Hofstee plots illustrated that complete substrate inhibition of CYP2J2 by AA was not attenuated even at high concentrations of xenobiotic inhibitors which further corroborates that CYP2J2 may accommodate three or more ligands simultaneously. In light of the atypical kinetics, our results highlight the importance of using physiologically-relevant substrates in in vitro enzymatic inhibition assays for the characterization of xenobiotic-endobiotic interactions which is applicable to other complex endogenous metabolic pathways beyond CYP2J2 metabolism of AA to EETs. The accurate determination of Ki would further facilitate the association of xenobiotic-endobiotic interactions to observed therapeutic or toxic outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacqueline Wen Hui Leow
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Science, National University of Singapore, 18 Science Drive 4, Singapore 117543
| | - Ravi Kumar Verma
- Bioinformatics Institute (BII), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 30 Biopolis Street, #07-01 Matrix, Singapore 138671
| | - Amos Boon Hao Lim
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Science, National University of Singapore, 18 Science Drive 4, Singapore 117543
| | - Hao Fan
- Bioinformatics Institute (BII), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 30 Biopolis Street, #07-01 Matrix, Singapore 138671
| | - Eric Chun Yong Chan
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Science, National University of Singapore, 18 Science Drive 4, Singapore 117543.
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Singh N, Barnych B, Wagner KM, Wan D, Morisseau C, Hammock BD. Adrenic Acid-Derived Epoxy Fatty Acids Are Naturally Occurring Lipids and Their Methyl Ester Prodrug Reduces Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress and Inflammatory Pain. ACS OMEGA 2021; 6:7165-7174. [PMID: 33748630 PMCID: PMC7970556 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.1c00241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2021] [Accepted: 02/18/2021] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Adrenic acid (AdA, 22:4) is an ω-6 polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA), derived from arachidonic acid. Like other PUFAs, it is metabolized by cytochrome P450s to a group of epoxy fatty acids (EpFAs), epoxydocosatrienoic acids (EDTs). EpFAs are lipid mediators with various beneficial bioactivities, including exertion of analgesia and reduction of endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, that are degraded to dihydroxy fatty acids by the soluble epoxide hydrolase (sEH). However, the biological characteristics and activities of EDTs are relatively unexplored, and, alongside dihydroxydocosatrienoic acids (DHDTs), they had not been detected in vivo. Herein, EDT and DHDT regioisomers were synthesized, purified, and used as standards for analysis with a selective and quantitative high-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS/MS) method. Biological verification in AdA-rich tissues suggests that basal metabolite levels are highest in the liver, with 16,17-EDT concentrations consistently being the greatest across the analyzed tissues. Enzyme hydrolysis assessment revealed that EDTs are sEH substrates, with greatest relative rate preference for the 13,14-EDT regioisomer. Pretreatment with an EDT methyl ester regioisomer mixture significantly reduced the onset of tunicamycin-stimulated ER stress in human embryonic kidney cells. Finally, administration of the regioisomeric mixture effectively alleviated carrageenan-induced inflammatory pain in rats. This study indicates that EDTs and DHDTs are naturally occurring lipids, and EDTs could be another therapeutically relevant group of EpFAs.
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Wang B, Wu L, Chen J, Dong L, Chen C, Wen Z, Hu J, Fleming I, Wang DW. Metabolism pathways of arachidonic acids: mechanisms and potential therapeutic targets. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2021; 6:94. [PMID: 33637672 PMCID: PMC7910446 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-020-00443-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 394] [Impact Index Per Article: 131.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2020] [Revised: 10/04/2020] [Accepted: 10/15/2020] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
The arachidonic acid (AA) pathway plays a key role in cardiovascular biology, carcinogenesis, and many inflammatory diseases, such as asthma, arthritis, etc. Esterified AA on the inner surface of the cell membrane is hydrolyzed to its free form by phospholipase A2 (PLA2), which is in turn further metabolized by cyclooxygenases (COXs) and lipoxygenases (LOXs) and cytochrome P450 (CYP) enzymes to a spectrum of bioactive mediators that includes prostanoids, leukotrienes (LTs), epoxyeicosatrienoic acids (EETs), dihydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid (diHETEs), eicosatetraenoic acids (ETEs), and lipoxins (LXs). Many of the latter mediators are considered to be novel preventive and therapeutic targets for cardiovascular diseases (CVD), cancers, and inflammatory diseases. This review sets out to summarize the physiological and pathophysiological importance of the AA metabolizing pathways and outline the molecular mechanisms underlying the actions of AA related to its three main metabolic pathways in CVD and cancer progression will provide valuable insight for developing new therapeutic drugs for CVD and anti-cancer agents such as inhibitors of EETs or 2J2. Thus, we herein present a synopsis of AA metabolism in human health, cardiovascular and cancer biology, and the signaling pathways involved in these processes. To explore the role of the AA metabolism and potential therapies, we also introduce the current newly clinical studies targeting AA metabolisms in the different disease conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bei Wang
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine and Gene Therapy Center, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetics and Molecular Mechanisms of Cardiological Disorders, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Hubei Province, Wuhan, China
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Hubei, Wuhan, China
| | - Lujin Wu
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine and Gene Therapy Center, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetics and Molecular Mechanisms of Cardiological Disorders, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Hubei Province, Wuhan, China
| | - Jing Chen
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine and Gene Therapy Center, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetics and Molecular Mechanisms of Cardiological Disorders, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Hubei Province, Wuhan, China
| | - Lingli Dong
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Hubei, Wuhan, China
| | - Chen Chen
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine and Gene Therapy Center, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetics and Molecular Mechanisms of Cardiological Disorders, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Hubei Province, Wuhan, China
| | - Zheng Wen
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine and Gene Therapy Center, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetics and Molecular Mechanisms of Cardiological Disorders, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Hubei Province, Wuhan, China
| | - Jiong Hu
- Institute for Vascular Signalling, Centre for Molecular Medicine, Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Ingrid Fleming
- Institute for Vascular Signalling, Centre for Molecular Medicine, Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Dao Wen Wang
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine and Gene Therapy Center, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetics and Molecular Mechanisms of Cardiological Disorders, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Hubei Province, Wuhan, China.
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Adenosine A 2A receptor and vascular response: role of soluble epoxide hydrolase, adenosine A 1 receptor and angiotensin-II. Mol Cell Biochem 2021; 476:1965-1978. [PMID: 33511551 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-021-04049-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2020] [Accepted: 01/08/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Previously, we have reported that the coronary reactive hyperemic response was reduced in adenosine A2A receptor-null (A2AAR-/-) mice, and it was reversed by the soluble epoxide hydrolase (sEH) inhibitor. However, it is unknown in aortic vascular response, therefore, we hypothesized that A2AAR-gene deletion in mice (A2AAR-/-) affects adenosine-induced vascular response by increase in sEH and adenosine A1 receptor (A1AR) activities. A2AAR-/- mice showed an increase in sEH, AI AR and CYP450-4A protein expression but decrease in CYP450-2C compared to C57Bl/6 mice. NECA (adenosine-analog) and CCPA (adenosine A1 receptor-agonist)-induced dose-dependent vascular response was tested with t-AUCB (sEH-inhibitor) and angiotensin-II (Ang-II) in A2AAR-/- vs. C57Bl/6 mice. In A2AAR-/-, NECA and CCPA-induced increase in dose-dependent vasoconstriction compared to C57Bl/6 mice. However, NECA and CCPA-induced dose-dependent vascular contraction in A2AAR-/- was reduced by t-AUCB with NECA. Similarly, dose-dependent vascular contraction in A2AAR-/- was reduced by t-AUCB with CCPA. In addition, Ang-II enhanced NECA and CCPA-induced dose-dependent vascular contraction in A2AAR-/- with NECA. Similarly, the dose-dependent vascular contraction in A2AAR-/- was also enhanced by Ang-II with CCPA. Further, t-AUCB reduced Ang-II-enhanced NECA and CCPA-induced dose-dependent vascular contraction in A2AAR-/- mice. Our data suggest that the dose-dependent vascular contraction in A2AAR-/- mice depends on increase in sEH, A1AR and CYP4A protein expression.
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Kato Y, Senda A, Mukai Y, Yamashita M, Sasaoka Y, Hanada M, Hongo F, Hirokami M, Rane A, Inotsume N, Toda T. Effects of angiotensin II receptor blockers on serum levels of epoxyeicosatrienoic acids and dihydroxyeicosatrienoic acids in patients admitted to a cardiovascular center. Eur J Clin Pharmacol 2021; 77:887-894. [PMID: 33409683 PMCID: PMC8128744 DOI: 10.1007/s00228-020-03061-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2020] [Accepted: 12/02/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Purpose Several clinical studies have demonstrated that angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors, but not angiotensin II receptor blockers (ARBs), reduce the risk of non-fatal myocardial infarction and cardiovascular mortality. We found that ARBs inhibited the activity of various cytochrome enzymes in arachidonic acid metabolism, resulting in decreased in vitro production of epoxyeicosatrienoic acids (EETs), which exhibit vasodilation and anti-inflammatory effects, and their subsequent metabolites, dihydroxyeicosatrienoic acids (DHETs). The present study examined the effects of ARBs on serum levels of EETs and DHETs in patients admitted to a cardiovascular center. Methods A total of 223 patients were enrolled, of which 107 were exposed to ARBs in this study. ARB-free individuals were defined as the control group (n = 116). Serum levels of EETs and DHETs were measured by liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry. Multiple linear regression analyses were carried out to identify covariates for total serum levels of EETs and DHETs. Results A significant negative association was observed between ARB use and serum EET and DHET levels (p = 0.034), whereas a significant positive association was observed between the estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) and serum EET and DHET levels (p = 0.007). The median serum total EET and DHET level in the ARB group tended to become lower than that in the control group, although the difference was not significant. Conclusion ARB use and eGFR were significantly associated with total serum levels of EETs and DHETs. Our results suggest that ARBs could affect the concentration of EETs in vivo. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s00228-020-03061-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuka Kato
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University of Science, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Asuna Senda
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University of Science, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Yuji Mukai
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University of Science, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Miki Yamashita
- Department of Clinical Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University of Science, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Yuki Sasaoka
- Department of Pharmacy, Teine Keijinkai Hospital, Sapporo, Japan.,Department of Pharmacy, Sapporo Keijinkai Rehabilitation Hospital, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Minayo Hanada
- Department of Pharmacy, Teine Keijinkai Hospital, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Fuminori Hongo
- Department of Pharmacy, Teine Keijinkai Hospital, Sapporo, Japan
| | | | - Anders Rane
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska University Hospital, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Nobuo Inotsume
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University of Science, Sapporo, Japan.,Nihon Pharmaceutical University, Saitama, Japan
| | - Takaki Toda
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University of Science, Sapporo, Japan.
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Shoieb SM, El-Ghiaty MA, El-Kadi AOS. Targeting arachidonic acid-related metabolites in COVID-19 patients: potential use of drug-loaded nanoparticles. EMERGENT MATERIALS 2021; 4:265-277. [PMID: 33225219 PMCID: PMC7670111 DOI: 10.1007/s42247-020-00136-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2020] [Accepted: 10/23/2020] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
In March 2020, The World Health Organization (WHO) has declared that the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is characterized as a global pandemic. As of September 2020, infection with the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has spread to 213 countries and territories around the world, affected more than 31.5 million people, and caused more than 970,000 deaths worldwide. Although COVID-19 is a respiratory illness that mainly targets the lungs, it is currently well established that it is a multifactorial disease that affects other extra-pulmonary systems and strongly associated with a detrimental inflammatory response. Evidence has shown that SARS-CoV-2 causes perturbation in the arachidonic acid (AA) metabolic pathways; this disruption could lead to an imbalance between the pro-inflammatory metabolites of AA including mid-chain HETEs and terminal HETE (20-HETE) and the anti-inflammatory metabolites such as EETs and subterminal HETEs. Therefore, we propose novel therapeutic strategies to modulate the level of endogenous anti-inflammatory metabolites of AA and induce the patient's endogenous resolution mechanisms that will ameliorate the virus-associated systemic inflammation and enhance the primary outcomes in COVID-19 patients. Also, we propose that using nanoencapsulation of AA and its associated metabolites will contribute to the development of safer and more efficacious treatments for the management of COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sherif M. Shoieb
- Faculty of Pharmacy & Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2142J Katz Group-Rexall Centre for Pharmacy and Health Research, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2E1 Canada
| | - Mahmoud A. El-Ghiaty
- Faculty of Pharmacy & Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2142J Katz Group-Rexall Centre for Pharmacy and Health Research, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2E1 Canada
| | - Ayman O. S. El-Kadi
- Faculty of Pharmacy & Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2142J Katz Group-Rexall Centre for Pharmacy and Health Research, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2E1 Canada
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Godo S, Shimokawa H. Gender Differences in Endothelial Function and Coronary Vasomotion Abnormalities. GENDER AND THE GENOME 2020. [DOI: 10.1177/2470289720957012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Structural and functional abnormalities of coronary microvasculature, referred to as coronary microvascular dysfunction (CMD), have been implicated in a wide range of cardiovascular diseases and have gained growing attention in patients with chest pain with no obstructive coronary artery disease, especially in females. The central mechanisms of coronary vasomotion abnormalities encompass enhanced coronary vasoconstrictive reactivity (ie, coronary spasm), reduced endothelium-dependent and -independent coronary vasodilator capacities, and increased coronary microvascular resistance. The 2 major endothelium-derived relaxing factors, nitric oxide (NO) and endothelium-dependent hyperpolarization (EDH) factors, modulate vascular tone in a distinct vessel size–dependent manner; NO mainly mediates vasodilatation of relatively large, conduit vessels, while EDH factors in small resistance vessels. Endothelium-dependent hyperpolarization–mediated vasodilatation is more prominent in female resistance arteries, where estrogens exert beneficial effects on endothelium-dependent vasodilatation via multiple mechanisms. In the clinical settings, therapeutic approaches targeting NO are disappointing for the treatment of various cardiovascular diseases, where endothelial dysfunction and CMD are substantially involved. Significance: In this review, we will discuss the current knowledge on the pathophysiology and molecular mechanisms of endothelial function and coronary vasomotion abnormalities from bench to bedside, with a special reference to gender differences. Results: Recent experimental and clinical studies have demonstrated distinct gender differences in endothelial function and coronary vasomotion abnormalities with major clinical implications. Moreover, recent landmark clinical trials regarding the management of stable coronary artery disease have questioned the benefit of percutaneous coronary intervention, supporting the importance of the coronary microvascular physiology. Conclusion: Further characterization and a better understanding of the gender differences in basic vascular biology as well as those in cardiovascular diseases are indispensable to improve health care and patient outcomes in cardiovascular medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shigeo Godo
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Shimokawa
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
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Gollasch B, Wu G, Liu T, Dogan I, Rothe M, Gollasch M, Luft FC. Hemodialysis and erythrocyte epoxy fatty acids. Physiol Rep 2020; 8:e14601. [PMID: 33112511 PMCID: PMC7592498 DOI: 10.14814/phy2.14601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2020] [Revised: 09/13/2020] [Accepted: 09/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Fatty acid products derived from cytochromes P450 (CYP) monooxygenase and lipoxygenase (LOX)/CYP ω/(ω-1)-hydroxylase pathways are a superclass of lipid mediators with potent bioactivities. Whether or not the chronic kidney disease (CKD) and hemodialysis treatments performed on end-stage renal disease (ESRD) patients affect RBC epoxy fatty acids profiles remains unknown. Measuring the products solely in plasma is suboptimal. Since such determinations invariably ignore red blood cells (RBCs) that make up 3 kg of the circulating blood. RBCs are potential reservoirs for epoxy fatty acids that regulate cardiovascular function. We studied 15 healthy persons and 15 ESRD patients undergoing regular hemodialysis treatments. We measured epoxides derived from CYP monooxygenase and metabolites derived from LOX/CYP ω/(ω-1)-hydroxylase pathways in RBCs by LC-MS/MS tandem mass spectrometry. Our data demonstrate that various CYP epoxides and LOX/CYP ω/(ω-1)-hydroxylase products are increased in RBCs of ESRD patients, compared to control subjects, including dihydroxyeicosatrienoic acids (DHETs), epoxyeicosatetraenoic acids (EEQs), dihydroxydocosapentaenoic acids (DiHDPAs), and hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acids (HETEs). Hemodialysis treatment did not affect the majority of those metabolites. Nevertheless, we detected more pronounced changes in free metabolite levels in RBCs after dialysis, as compared with the total RBC compartment. These findings indicate that free RBC eicosanoids should be considered more dynamic or vulnerable in CKD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin Gollasch
- Experimental and Clinical Research Center (ECRC)A Joint Institution Between the Charité University Medicine and Max Delbrück Center (MDC) for Molecular MedicineBerlin‐BuchGermany
- HELIOS Klinikum Berlin‐BuchBerlinGermany
| | - Guanlin Wu
- Experimental and Clinical Research Center (ECRC)A Joint Institution Between the Charité University Medicine and Max Delbrück Center (MDC) for Molecular MedicineBerlin‐BuchGermany
- Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine (MDC) in the Helmholtz AssociationBerlinGermany
| | - Tong Liu
- Experimental and Clinical Research Center (ECRC)A Joint Institution Between the Charité University Medicine and Max Delbrück Center (MDC) for Molecular MedicineBerlin‐BuchGermany
| | | | | | - Maik Gollasch
- Experimental and Clinical Research Center (ECRC)A Joint Institution Between the Charité University Medicine and Max Delbrück Center (MDC) for Molecular MedicineBerlin‐BuchGermany
- Nephrology/Intensive Care SectionCharité Campus VirchowBerlinGermany
- Department of Internal and Geriatric MedicineUniversity Medicine GreifswaldGreifswaldGermany
| | - Friedrich C. Luft
- Nephrology/Intensive Care SectionCharité Campus VirchowBerlinGermany
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Wang H, Li S, Wang X, He C, Wang T, Wang Y, Guo W. Vasodilation activity of dipfluzine metabolites in isolated rat basilar arteries and their underlying mechanisms. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY 2020; 79:103430. [PMID: 32544426 DOI: 10.1016/j.etap.2020.103430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2020] [Revised: 05/25/2020] [Accepted: 05/27/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Identifying the metabolites of a drug has become an indispensable task in the development of new drugs. Dipfluzine (Dip) is a promising candidate for the treatment of cerebral vascular diseases and has 5 metabolites (M1∼M5) in rat urine and liver microsomes, but their biological activity is still unknown. Because selective cerebral vasodilation is a main role of Dip, we investigated the vasodilation of Dip and its 5 metabolites in isolated Sprague-Dawley (SD) male rat basilar arteries preconstricted with high-K+ or 5-HT. The results showed that only M1 possessed concentration-dependent inhibitory activity on the vasoconstriction of arteries with or without the endothelium, and M1 has a more potent vasodilatory effect than Dip on both contraction models. Like Dip, the vasodilatory mechanisms of M1 may be not only related to receptor-operated and voltage-dependent calcium ion channels of smooth muscle cells but also to the release of NO and EDHF from endothelial cells and the opening of Ca2+-activated K+ channels and ATP-sensitive potassium ion channels. Unlike Dip, the vasodilation mechanism of M1 is also related to the opening of voltage-sensitive K+ channel. Together with more selectivity to non-VDCC than Dip, this may partially explain why M1 has stronger vasodilatory effects than Dip. The mechanisms of vasodilation of Dip and M1 may result from the combined action of these or other factors, especially blocking non-endothelium dependent non-VDCC and endothelium dependent IKCa channels. These results point to the possibility that M1 provides synergism for the clinical use of Dip, which may inform the synthesis of new drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huan Wang
- College of Pharmacy, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Shiji Li
- Department of Digestive Endoscope, Hebei Provincial Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Xiaohui Wang
- College of Pharmacy, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Chaoxing He
- College of Pharmacy, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Tianshi Wang
- College of Pharmacy, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Yongli Wang
- College of Pharmacy, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Wei Guo
- College of Pharmacy, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China.
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50
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Mughal A, Anto S, Sun C, O'Rourke ST. Apelin inhibits an endothelium-derived hyperpolarizing factor-like pathway in rat cerebral arteries. Peptides 2020; 132:170350. [PMID: 32579899 PMCID: PMC7484084 DOI: 10.1016/j.peptides.2020.170350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2020] [Revised: 06/15/2020] [Accepted: 06/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Apelin has complex vasomotor actions inasmuch as the peptide may cause either vasodilation or vasoconstriction depending on the vascular bed and experimental conditions. In cerebral arteries, apelin inhibits endothelium-dependent relaxations mediated by nitric oxide (NO); however, its effects on relaxation to other endothelium-derived substances (e.g. prostacyclin, endothelium-derived hyperpolarizing factors(s) (EDHF)) are unknown. The present study was designed to determine effects of apelin on endothelium-dependent relaxations that are independent of NO in rat cerebral arteries. In arterial rings contracted with 5-HT, A23187 caused endothelium-dependent relaxation that was unaffected by inhibitors of eNOS, guanylyl cyclase or cyclooxygenase, but was attenuated by MS-PPOH, a selective inhibitor of cytochrome P450 catalyzed synthesis of epoxyeicosatrienoic acids (EETs) and by 14,15-EE(Z)E, an EET-receptor antagonist. Apelin inhibited A23187-induced relaxation, as well as relaxations evoked by exogenous 11,12- and 14,15-EET. These effects of apelin were mimicked by the selective BKCa channel blocker, iberiotoxin. The APJ receptor antagonist, F13A abolished the effects of apelin on A23187-induced relaxations. Both 11,12- and 14,15-EET also increased BKCa channel current density in isolated cerebral artery smooth muscle cells, effects that were inhibited in a similar manner by apelin and iberiotoxin. These findings provide evidence that apelin impairs endothelium-dependent relaxation of cerebral arteries by inhibiting an NO-independent pathway (i.e. "EDHF-like") involving activation of smooth muscle cell BKCa channels by endothelium-derived EETs. Inhibition of such pathway may create an environment favoring vasoconstriction in cerebral arteries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amreen Mughal
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND, 58108-6050, USA
| | - Santo Anto
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND, 58108-6050, USA
| | - Chengwen Sun
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND, 58108-6050, USA
| | - Stephen T O'Rourke
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND, 58108-6050, USA.
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