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Jeon J, Lee D, Kim B, Park BY, Oh CJ, Kim MJ, Jeon JH, Lee IK, Park O, Baek S, Lim CW, Ryu D, Fang S, Auwerx J, Kim KT, Jung HY. CycloZ Improves Hyperglycemia and Lipid Metabolism by Modulating Lysine Acetylation in KK-Ay Mice. Diabetes Metab J 2023; 47:653-667. [PMID: 37098411 PMCID: PMC10555534 DOI: 10.4093/dmj.2022.0244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2022] [Accepted: 11/03/2022] [Indexed: 04/27/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGRUOUND CycloZ, a combination of cyclo-His-Pro and zinc, has anti-diabetic activity. However, its exact mode of action remains to be elucidated. METHODS KK-Ay mice, a type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) model, were administered CycloZ either as a preventive intervention, or as a therapy. Glycemic control was evaluated using the oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT), and glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c) levels. Liver and visceral adipose tissues (VATs) were used for histological evaluation, gene expression analysis, and protein expression analysis. RESULTS CycloZ administration improved glycemic control in KK-Ay mice in both prophylactic and therapeutic studies. Lysine acetylation of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator 1-alpha, liver kinase B1, and nuclear factor-κB p65 was decreased in the liver and VATs in CycloZ-treated mice. In addition, CycloZ treatment improved mitochondrial function, lipid oxidation, and inflammation in the liver and VATs of mice. CycloZ treatment also increased the level of β-nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+), which affected the activity of deacetylases, such as sirtuin 1 (Sirt1). CONCLUSION Our findings suggest that the beneficial effects of CycloZ on diabetes and obesity occur through increased NAD+ synthesis, which modulates Sirt1 deacetylase activity in the liver and VATs. Given that the mode of action of an NAD+ booster or Sirt1 deacetylase activator is different from that of traditional T2DM drugs, CycloZ would be considered a novel therapeutic option for the treatment of T2DM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jongsu Jeon
- R&D Center, NovMetaPharma Co., Ltd., Seoul, Korea
- Department of Life Sciences, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, Korea
| | - Dohyun Lee
- R&D Center, NovMetaPharma Co., Ltd., Seoul, Korea
| | - Bobae Kim
- R&D Center, NovMetaPharma Co., Ltd., Seoul, Korea
| | - Bo-Yoon Park
- Research Institute of Aging and Metabolism, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Korea
| | - Chang Joo Oh
- Research Institute of Aging and Metabolism, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Korea
| | - Min-Ji Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Kyungpook National University Hospital, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Korea
| | - Jae-Han Jeon
- Department of Internal Medicine, Kyungpook National University Hospital, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Korea
| | - In-Kyu Lee
- Research Institute of Aging and Metabolism, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Korea
- Department of Internal Medicine, Kyungpook National University Hospital, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Korea
| | - Onyu Park
- R&D Center, NovMetaPharma Co., Ltd., Seoul, Korea
- School of Life Science, Handong Global University, Pohang, Korea
| | - Seoyeong Baek
- R&D Center, NovMetaPharma Co., Ltd., Seoul, Korea
- School of Life Science, Handong Global University, Pohang, Korea
| | - Chae Won Lim
- Department of Medicine, Graduate School, Daegu Catholic University, Gyeongsan, Korea
| | - Dongryeol Ryu
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Suwon, Korea
- Biomedical Institute for Convergence at SKKU (BICS), Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Korea
| | - Sungsoon Fang
- Severance Biomedical Science Institute, Gangnam Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
- Graduate School of Medical Science, Brain Korea Project, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Johan Auwerx
- Laboratory of Integrative Systems Physiology, Institute of Bioengineering, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology in Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Kyong-Tai Kim
- Department of Life Sciences, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, Korea
| | - Hoe-Yune Jung
- R&D Center, NovMetaPharma Co., Ltd., Seoul, Korea
- School of Interdisciplinary Bioscience and Bioengineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, Korea
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Sellin M, Mack R, Rhodes MC, Zhang L, Berg S, Joshi K, Liu S, Wei W, S. J. PB, Larsen P, Taylor RE, Zhang J. Molecular mechanisms by which splice modulator GEX1A inhibits leukaemia development and progression. Br J Cancer 2022; 127:223-236. [PMID: 35422078 PMCID: PMC9296642 DOI: 10.1038/s41416-022-01796-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2021] [Revised: 02/18/2022] [Accepted: 03/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Splice modulators have been assessed clinically in treating haematologic malignancies exhibiting splice factor mutations and acute myeloid leukaemia. However, the mechanisms by which such modulators repress leukaemia remain to be elucidated. OBJECTIVES The primary goal of this assessment was to assess the molecular mechanism by which the natural splice modulator GEX1A kills leukaemic cells in vitro and within in vivo mouse models. METHODS Using human leukaemic cell lines, we assessed the overall sensitivity these cells have to GEX1A via EC50 analysis. We subsequently analysed its effects using in vivo xenograft mouse models and examined whether cell sensitivities were correlated to genetic characteristics or protein expression levels. We also utilised RT-PCR and RNAseq analyses to determine splice change and RNA expression level differences between sensitive and resistant leukaemic cell lines. RESULTS We found that, in vitro, GEX1A induced an MCL-1 isoform shift to pro-apoptotic MCL-1S in all leukaemic cell types, though sensitivity to GEX1A-induced apoptosis was negatively associated with BCL-xL expression. In BCL-2-expressing leukaemic cells, GEX1A induced BCL-2-dependent apoptosis by converting pro-survival BCL-2 into a cell killer. Thus, GEX1A + selective BCL-xL inhibition induced synergism in killing leukaemic cells, while GEX1A + BCL-2 inhibition showed antagonism in BCL-2-expressing leukaemic cells. In addition, GEX1A sensitised FLT3-ITD+ leukaemic cells to apoptosis by inducing aberrant splicing and repressing the expression of FLT3-ITD. Consistently, in in vivo xenografts, GEX1A killed the bulk of leukaemic cells via apoptosis when combined with BCL-xL inhibition. Furthermore, GEX1A repressed leukaemia development by targeting leukaemia stem cells through inhibiting FASTK mitochondrial isoform expression across sensitive and non-sensitive leukaemia types. CONCLUSION Our study suggests that GEX1A is a potent anti-leukaemic agent in combination with BCL-xL inhibitors, which targets leukaemic blasts and leukaemia stem cells through distinct mechanisms.
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Nur77 Deficiency Exacerbates Macrophage NLRP3 Inflammasome-Mediated Inflammation and Accelerates Atherosclerosis. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2022; 2022:2017815. [PMID: 35464766 PMCID: PMC9020982 DOI: 10.1155/2022/2017815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2021] [Revised: 03/23/2022] [Accepted: 03/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Purpose Activation of NLR (nucleotide-binding and leucine-rich repeat immune receptor) family pyrin domain containing 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome mediating interleukin- (IL-) 1β secretion has emerged as an important component of inflammatory processes in atherogenesis. The nuclear receptor Nur77 is highly expressed in human atherosclerotic lesions; however, its functional role in macrophage NLRP3 inflammasome activation has not yet been clarified. Methods, Materials, and Results. Eight-week-old apolipoprotein E (ApoE)−/− and ApoE−/− Nur77−/− mice that were fed a Western diet underwent partial ligation of the left common carotid artery (LCCA) and left renal artery (LRA) to induce atherogenesis. Four weeks later, severe plaque burden associated with increased lipid deposition, reduced smooth muscle cells, macrophage infiltration, and decreased collagen expression was identified in ApoE−/− Nur77−/− mice compared with those in ApoE−/− mice. ApoE−/− Nur77−/− mice showed increased macrophage inflammatory responses in carotid atherosclerotic lesions. In vitro studies demonstrated that oxidized low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (ox-LDL) increased the release of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and upregulated the expressions of cleaved caspase-1, cleaved IL-1β and gasdermin D (GSMD) in WT peritoneal macrophages (PMs) in a NLRP3-dependent manner. Nur77−/− PMs exhibited a further increased level of NLRP3 inflammasome-mediated inflammation under ox-LDL treatment compared with WT PMs. Mechanistically, Nur77 could bind to the promoter of NLRP3 and inhibit its transcriptional activity. Conclusions This study demonstrated that Nur77 deletion promotes atherogenesis by exacerbating NLRP3 inflammasome-mediated inflammation.
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Lv S, Liu H, Wang H. Exogenous Hydrogen Sulfide Plays an Important Role by Regulating Autophagy in Diabetic-Related Diseases. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22136715. [PMID: 34201520 PMCID: PMC8268438 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22136715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2021] [Revised: 06/21/2021] [Accepted: 06/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Autophagy is a vital cell mechanism which plays an important role in many physiological processes including clearing long-lived, accumulated and misfolded proteins, removing damaged organelles and regulating growth and aging. Autophagy also participates in a variety of biological functions, such as development, cell differentiation, resistance to pathogens and nutritional hunger. Recently, autophagy has been reported to be involved in diabetes, but the mechanism is not fully understood. Hydrogen sulfide (H2S) is a colorless, water-soluble, flammable gas with the typical odor of rotten eggs, which has been known as a highly toxic gas for many years. However, it has been reported recently that H2S, together with nitric oxide and carbon monoxide, is an important gas signal transduction molecule. H2S has been reported to play a protective role in many diabetes-related diseases, but the mechanism is not fully clear. Recent studies indicate that H2S plays an important role by regulating autophagy in many diseases including cancer, tissue fibrosis diseases and glycometabolic diseases; however, the related mechanism has not been fully studied. In this review, we summarize recent research on the role of H2S in regulating autophagy in diabetic-related diseases to provide references for future related research.
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Yang HX, Sun JH, Yao TT, Li Y, Xu GR, Zhang C, Liu XC, Zhou WW, Song QH, Zhang Y, Li AY. Bellidifolin Ameliorates Isoprenaline-Induced Myocardial Fibrosis by Regulating TGF-β1/Smads and p38 Signaling and Preventing NR4A1 Cytoplasmic Localization. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:644886. [PMID: 33995055 PMCID: PMC8120298 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.644886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2020] [Accepted: 02/22/2021] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Myocardial fibrosis is closely related to high morbidity and mortality. In Inner Mongolia, Gentianella amarella subsp. acuta (Michx.) J.M.Gillett (G. acuta) is a kind of tea used to prevent cardiovascular diseases. Bellidifolin (BEL) is an active xanthone molecule from G. acuta that protects against myocardial damage. However, the effects and mechanisms of BEL on myocardial fibrosis have not been reported. In vivo, BEL dampened isoprenaline (ISO)-induced cardiac structure disturbance and collagen deposition. In vitro, BEL inhibited transforming growth factor (TGF)-β1-induced cardiac fibroblast (CF) proliferation. In vivo and in vitro, BEL decreased the expression of α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA), collagen Ⅰ and Ⅲ, and inhibited TGF-β1/Smads signaling. Additionally, BEL impeded p38 activation and NR4A1 (an endogenous inhibitor for pro-fibrogenic activities of TGF-β1) phosphorylation and inactivation in vitro. In CFs, inhibition of p38 by SB203580 inhibited the phosphorylation of NR4A1 and did not limit Smad3 phosphorylation, and blocking TGF-β signaling by LY2157299 and SB203580 could decrease the expression of α-SMA, collagen I and III. Overall, both cell and animal studies provide a potential role for BEL against myocardial fibrosis by inhibiting the proliferation and phenotypic transformation of CFs. These inhibitory effects might be related to regulating TGF-β1/Smads pathway and p38 signaling and preventing NR4A1 cytoplasmic localization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong-Xia Yang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Basic Medicine, Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang, China.,Department of Clinical Foundation of Chinese Medicine, College of Basic Medicine, Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Jia-Huan Sun
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science, College of Integration of Chinese and Western Medicine, Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Ting-Ting Yao
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Basic Medicine, Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Yuan Li
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Basic Medicine, Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Geng-Rui Xu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Basic Medicine, Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Chuang Zhang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Basic Medicine, Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Xing-Chao Liu
- Hebei Higher Education Institute Applied Technology Research Center on TCM Formula Preparation, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Wei-Wei Zhou
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Basic Medicine, Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Qiu-Hang Song
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Basic Medicine, Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang, China.,Hebei Higher Education Institute Applied Technology Research Center on TCM Formula Preparation, Shijiazhuang, China.,Hebei Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Research on Cardio-cerebrovascular Disease, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Yue Zhang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Basic Medicine, Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang, China.,Hebei Higher Education Institute Applied Technology Research Center on TCM Formula Preparation, Shijiazhuang, China.,Hebei Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Research on Cardio-cerebrovascular Disease, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Ai-Ying Li
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Basic Medicine, Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang, China.,Hebei Higher Education Institute Applied Technology Research Center on TCM Formula Preparation, Shijiazhuang, China.,Hebei Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Research on Cardio-cerebrovascular Disease, Shijiazhuang, China
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Zhuge Y, Zhang J, Qian F, Wen Z, Niu C, Xu K, Ji H, Rong X, Chu M, Jia C. Role of smooth muscle cells in Cardiovascular Disease. Int J Biol Sci 2020; 16:2741-2751. [PMID: 33110393 PMCID: PMC7586427 DOI: 10.7150/ijbs.49871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2020] [Accepted: 08/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Normally, smooth muscle cells (SMCs) are localized in the tunica media of the vasculature, where they take responsibility for vascular contraction and extracellular matrix (ECM) generation. SMCs also play a significant role in obedience and elastic rebound of the artery in response to the haemodynamic condition. However, under pathological or stressed conditions, phenotype switching from contractile to synthetic state or other cell types will occur in SMCs to positively or negatively contribute to disease progression. Various studies demonstrated that functional changes of SMCs are implicated in several cardiovascular diseases. In this review, we present the function of vascular SMCs (VSMCs) and the involved molecular mechanisms about phenotype switching, and summarize the roles of SMCs in atherosclerosis, hypertension, arterial aneurysms and myocardial infarction, hoping to obtain potential therapeutic targets against cardiovascular disease in the clinical practices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingzhi Zhuge
- Pediatric Research Institute, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325027, China.,Children's Heart Center, Institute of Cardiovascular Development and Translational Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325027, China
| | - Jian Zhang
- Pediatric Research Institute, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325027, China.,Children's Heart Center, Institute of Cardiovascular Development and Translational Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325027, China
| | - Fanyu Qian
- Pediatric Research Institute, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325027, China.,Children's Heart Center, Institute of Cardiovascular Development and Translational Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325027, China
| | - Zhengwang Wen
- Children's Heart Center, Institute of Cardiovascular Development and Translational Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325027, China
| | - Chao Niu
- Pediatric Research Institute, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325027, China.,Children's Heart Center, Institute of Cardiovascular Development and Translational Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325027, China
| | - Ke Xu
- The Institute of Life Sciences, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Hao Ji
- The Institute of Life Sciences, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xing Rong
- Children's Heart Center, Institute of Cardiovascular Development and Translational Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325027, China
| | - Maoping Chu
- Pediatric Research Institute, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325027, China.,Children's Heart Center, Institute of Cardiovascular Development and Translational Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325027, China
| | - Chang Jia
- Pediatric Research Institute, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325027, China.,Children's Heart Center, Institute of Cardiovascular Development and Translational Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325027, China
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12-Deacetyl-12-epi-Scalaradial, a Scalarane Sesterterpenoid from a Marine Sponge Hippospongia sp., Induces HeLa Cells Apoptosis via MAPK/ERK Pathway and Modulates Nuclear Receptor Nur77. Mar Drugs 2020; 18:md18070375. [PMID: 32708154 PMCID: PMC7403966 DOI: 10.3390/md18070375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2020] [Revised: 07/12/2020] [Accepted: 07/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
12-Deacetyl-12-epi-scalaradial, a scalarane sesterterpenoid from a marine sponge Hippospongia sp, has been reported to possess cytotoxic activity on HepG2, MCF-7, and HCT-116 cells. However, there is no research to indicate that 12-deacetyl-12-epi-scalaradial exhibited anticancer effect on cervical cancer HeLa cells. The aim of this study was to investigate the anticancer activity of 12-deacetyl-12-epi-scalaradial against HeLa cells and to explore the mechanism. The results from a methylthiazolyldiphenyl-tetrazolium (MTT) assay suggested that 12-deacetyl-12-epi-scalaradial suppressed the proliferation of HeLa cells and flow cytometry analysis showed 12-deacetyl-12-epi-scalaradial could induce the apoptosis of HeLa cells in dose- and time-dependent manner. Western blotting analysis demonstrated that 12-deacetyl-12-epi-scalaradial triggered apoptosis via mediating the extrinsic pathway and was found to suppress MAPK/ERK pathway which was associate with cancer cell death. Nur77, a critical number of orphan nuclear receptors, plays diverse roles in tumor development as a transcription factor and has been considered as a promising anticancer drug target. The dual-luciferase reporter assays suggested that 12-deacetyl-12-epi-scalaradial could selectively enhance the trans-activation activity of Nur77. Furthermore, Western blotting analysis and fluorescence quenching showed that 12-deacetyl-12-epi-scalaradial could induce the phosphorylation of Nur77 and interact with the ligand-binding domain (LBD) of Nur77. Our research confirmed 12-deacetyl-12-epi-scalaradial as a potential agent for cervical cancer therapy and provided a view that 12-deacetyl-12-epi-scalaradial may be a modulator of Nur77.
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Nooromid M, Chen EB, Xiong L, Shapiro K, Jiang Q, Demsas F, Eskandari M, Priyadarshini M, Chang EB, Layden BT, Ho KJ. Microbe-Derived Butyrate and Its Receptor, Free Fatty Acid Receptor 3, But Not Free Fatty Acid Receptor 2, Mitigate Neointimal Hyperplasia Susceptibility After Arterial Injury. J Am Heart Assoc 2020; 9:e016235. [PMID: 32580613 PMCID: PMC7670501 DOI: 10.1161/jaha.120.016235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Background Arterial restenosis after vascular surgery is a common cause of midterm restenosis and treatment failure. Herein, we aim to investigate the role of microbe‐derived butyrate, FFAR2 (free fatty acid receptor 2), and FFAR3 (free fatty acid receptor 3) in mitigating neointimal hyperplasia development in remodeling murine arteries after injury. Methods and Results C57BL/6 mice treated with oral vancomycin before unilateral femoral wire injury to deplete gut microbiota had significantly diminished serum and stool butyrate and more neointimal hyperplasia development after arterial injury, which was reversed by concomitant butyrate supplementation. Deficiency of FFAR3 but not FFAR2, both receptors for butyrate, exacerbated neointimal hyperplasia development after injury. FFAR3 deficiency was also associated with delayed recovery of the endothelial layer in vivo. FFAR3 gene expression was observed in multiple peripheral arteries, and expression was increased after arterial injury. Treatment of endothelial but not vascular smooth muscle cells with the pharmacologic FFAR3 agonist 1‐methylcyclopropane carboxylate stimulated cellular migration and proliferation in scratch assays. Conclusions Our results support a protective role for butyrate and FFAR3 in the development of neointimal hyperplasia after arterial injury and delineate activation of the butyrate‐FFAR3 pathway as a valuable strategy for the prevention and treatment of neointimal hyperplasia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Nooromid
- Department of Surgery Feinberg School of Medicine Northwestern University Chicago IL
| | - Edmund B Chen
- Department of Surgery Feinberg School of Medicine Northwestern University Chicago IL
| | - Liqun Xiong
- Department of Surgery Feinberg School of Medicine Northwestern University Chicago IL
| | - Katherine Shapiro
- Department of Surgery Feinberg School of Medicine Northwestern University Chicago IL
| | - Qun Jiang
- Department of Surgery Feinberg School of Medicine Northwestern University Chicago IL
| | - Falen Demsas
- Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth Hanover NH
| | - Maeve Eskandari
- Department of Surgery Feinberg School of Medicine Northwestern University Chicago IL
| | - Medha Priyadarshini
- Department of Medicine University of Illinois at Chicago and Jesse Brown VA Medical Center Chicago IL
| | - Eugene B Chang
- Section of Gastroenterology Department of Medicine University of Chicago, Chicago, IL
| | - Brian T Layden
- Department of Medicine University of Illinois at Chicago and Jesse Brown VA Medical Center Chicago IL
| | - Karen J Ho
- Department of Surgery Feinberg School of Medicine Northwestern University Chicago IL
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Selective inhibition of PKR improves vascular inflammation and remodelling in high fructose treated primary vascular smooth muscle cells. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2020; 1866:165606. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2019.165606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2019] [Revised: 10/25/2019] [Accepted: 11/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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10
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Park JK, Kim SS, Kim HK, Nah JW, Kim HB, Bae IH, Park DS, Shim JW, Lee MY, Kim JS, Koo BS, Jeong KJ, Jin YB, Kim SU, Lee SR, Na JY, Sim DS, Hong YJ, Lim KS, Jeong MH. Poly-l-lactide Polymer-Based Triple Drug-Eluting Stent with Abciximab, Alpha-Lipoic Acid and Sirolimus in Porcine Coronary Restenosis Model. Macromol Res 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s13233-020-8004-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Li M, Qian M, Kyler K, Xu J. Endothelial-Vascular Smooth Muscle Cells Interactions in Atherosclerosis. Front Cardiovasc Med 2018; 5:151. [PMID: 30406116 PMCID: PMC6207093 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2018.00151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 125] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2018] [Accepted: 10/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Atherosclerosis is a chronic progressive inflammatory process that can eventually lead to cardiovascular disease (CVD). Despite available treatment, the prevalence of atherosclerotic CVD, which has become the leading cause of death worldwide, persists. Identification of new mechanisms of atherogenesis are highly needed in order to develop an effective therapeutic treatment. The blood vessels contain two primary major cell types: endothelial cells (EC) and vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMC). Each of these performs an essential function in sustaining vascular homeostasis. EC-VSMC communication is essential not only to development, but also to the homeostasis of mature blood vessels. Aberrant EC-VSMC interaction could promote atherogenesis. Identification of the mode of EC-VSMC crosstalk that regulates vascular functionality and sustains homeostasis may offer strategic insights for prevention and treatment of atherosclerotic CVD. Here we will review the molecular mechanisms underlying the interplay between EC and VSMC that could contribute to atherosclerosis. We also highlight open questions for future research directions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manna Li
- Department of Medicine, Harold Hamm Diabetes Center, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma, OK, United States
| | - Ming Qian
- Department of Medicine, Harold Hamm Diabetes Center, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma, OK, United States
| | - Kathy Kyler
- Office of Research Administration, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma, OK, United States
| | - Jian Xu
- Department of Medicine, Harold Hamm Diabetes Center, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma, OK, United States
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Qiu X, Liu K, Xiao L, Jin S, Dong J, Teng X, Guo Q, Chen Y, Wu Y. Alpha-lipoic acid regulates the autophagy of vascular smooth muscle cells in diabetes by elevating hydrogen sulfide level. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2018; 1864:3723-3738. [PMID: 30251691 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2018.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2018] [Revised: 08/18/2018] [Accepted: 09/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Dysfunctional vascular smooth muscle (VSM) plays a vital role in the process of atherosclerosis in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Alpha-lipoic acid (ALA) can prevent the altered VSM induced by diabetes. However, the precise mechanism underlying the beneficial effect of ALA is not well understood. This study aimed to determine whether ALA ameliorates VSM function by elevating hydrogen sulfide (H2S) level in diabetes and whether this effect is associated with regulation of autophagy of VSM cells (VSMCs). We found decreased serum H2S levels in Chinese patients and rats with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). ALA treatment could increase H2S level, which reduced the autophagy-related index and activation of the 5'-monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK)/mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) pathway, thereby protecting vascular function in rats with T2DM. Propargylglycine (PPG), a cystathionine-γ-lyase inhibitor, could weaken the ALA effect. In cultured VSMCs, high glucose level also reduced H2S level, upregulated the autophagy-related index and activated the AMPK/mTOR pathway, which were reversed by concomitant application of sodium hydrosulfide (NaHS, an H2S donor) or ALA. The protective effect of NaHS or ALA was attenuated by rapamycin (an autophagy activator), 5-amino-1-β-d-ribofuranosyl-imidazole-4-carboxamide (an AMPK activator) or PPG. In contrast, Compound C (an AMPK inhibitor) enhanced the effect of ALA or NaHS. ALA may have a protective effect on VSMCs in T2DM by elevating H2S level and downregulating autophagy via the AMPK/mTOR pathway. This study provides a new target for addressing diabetic macroangiopathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuan Qiu
- Department of Physiology, Institute of Basic Medicine, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050017, China; Department of Endocrinology, Third Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050051, China
| | - Kuanzhi Liu
- Department of Endocrinology, Third Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050051, China
| | - Lin Xiao
- Department of Physiology, Institute of Basic Medicine, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050017, China; Hebei Key Laboratory of Animal Science, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050017, China
| | - Sheng Jin
- Department of Physiology, Institute of Basic Medicine, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050017, China
| | - Jinghui Dong
- Department of Physiology, Institute of Basic Medicine, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050017, China
| | - Xu Teng
- Department of Physiology, Institute of Basic Medicine, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050017, China; Hebei Key Laboratory of Animal Science, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050017, China
| | - Qi Guo
- Department of Physiology, Institute of Basic Medicine, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050017, China
| | - Yuhong Chen
- Department of Physiology, Institute of Basic Medicine, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050017, China; Intensive Care Unit, Forth Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050011, China
| | - Yuming Wu
- Department of Physiology, Institute of Basic Medicine, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050017, China; Hebei Collaborative Innovation Center for Cardio-Cerebrovascular Disease, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050000, China; Key Laboratory of Vascular Medicine of Hebei Province, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050000, China.
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13
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Yu G, Chen J, Li S, Pu P, Huang W, Zhao Y, Peng X, Wang R, Lei H. RING finger protein 10 prevents neointimal hyperplasia by promoting apoptosis in vitro and in vivo. Life Sci 2018; 208:325-332. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2018.04.055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2017] [Revised: 04/19/2018] [Accepted: 04/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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14
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Liu J, Wang GH, Duan YH, Dai Y, Bao Y, Hu M, Zhou YQ, Li M, Jiang F, Zhou H, Yao XS, Zhang XK. Modulation of the Nur77-Bcl-2 apoptotic pathway by p38α MAPK. Oncotarget 2017; 8:69731-69745. [PMID: 29050237 PMCID: PMC5642512 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.19227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2017] [Accepted: 06/05/2017] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Orphan nuclear receptor Nur77 promotes apoptosis by targeting mitochondria through interaction with Bcl-2, an event that converts Bcl-2 from a survival to killer. However, how the Nur77-Bcl-2 apoptotic pathway is regulated remains largely unknown. In this study, we examined the regulation of the Nur77-Bcl-2 pathway by CCE9, a xanthone compound. Our results demonstrated that the apoptotic effect of CCE9 depended on its induction of Nur77 expression, cytoplasmic localization, and mitochondrial targeting. The activation of the Nur77-Bcl-2 pathway by CCE9 was associated with its activation of p38α MAPK. Inhibition of p38α MAPK activation by knocking down or knocking out p38α MAPK impaired the effect of CCE9 on inducing apoptosis and the expression and cytoplasmic localization of Nur77. In addition, CCE9 activation of p38α MAPK resulted in Bcl-2 phosphorylation and Bcl-2 interaction with Nur77, whereas inhibition of p38α MAPK activation or expression suppressed the interaction. Moreover, mutating Ser87 and Thr56 in the loop of Bcl-2, which are known to be phosphorylated by p38α MAPK, impaired the ability Bcl-2 to interact with Nur77. Together, our results reveal a profound role of p38α MAPK in regulating the Nur77-Bcl-2 apoptotic pathway through its modulation of Nur77 expression, Bcl-2 phosphorylation, and their interaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Liu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Target Research, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Guang-Hui Wang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Target Research, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Ying-Hui Duan
- Institutes of Traditional Chinese Medicine and Natural Products, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yi Dai
- Institutes of Traditional Chinese Medicine and Natural Products, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yuzhou Bao
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Target Research, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Mengjie Hu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Target Research, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Yu-Qi Zhou
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Target Research, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Mingyu Li
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Target Research, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Fuquan Jiang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Target Research, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Hu Zhou
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Target Research, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Xin-Sheng Yao
- Institutes of Traditional Chinese Medicine and Natural Products, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiao-Kun Zhang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Target Research, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China.,Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, California, USA
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15
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Rodríguez-Calvo R, Tajes M, Vázquez-Carrera M. The NR4A subfamily of nuclear receptors: potential new therapeutic targets for the treatment of inflammatory diseases. Expert Opin Ther Targets 2017; 21:291-304. [PMID: 28055275 DOI: 10.1080/14728222.2017.1279146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Prolonged inflammatory response contributes to the pathogenesis of chronic disease-related disturbances. Among nuclear receptors (NRs), the orphan NR4A subfamily, which includes Nur77 (NR4A1), Nurr1 (NR4A2) and NOR1 (NR4A3), has recently emerged as a therapeutic target for the treatment of inflammation. Areas covered: This review focuses on the capacity of NR4A receptors to counter-regulate the development of the inflammatory response, with a special focus on the molecular transrepression mechanisms. Expert opinion: Recent studies have highlighted the role of NR4A receptors as significant regulators of the inflammatory response. NR4A receptors are rapidly induced by inflammatory stimuli, thus suggesting that they are required for the initiation of inflammation. Nevertheless, NR4A anti-inflammatory properties indicate that this acute regulation could be a protective reaction aimed at resolving inflammation in the later stages. Therefore, NR4A receptors are involved in a negative feedback mechanism to maintain the inflammatory balance. However, the underlying mechanisms are not entirely clear. Only a small number of NR4A-target genes have been identified, and the transcriptional repression mechanisms are only beginning to emerge. Despite further research is needed to fully understand the role of NR4A receptors in inflammation, these NRs should be considered as targets for new therapeutic approaches to inflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ricardo Rodríguez-Calvo
- a Vascular Medicine and Metabolism Unit, Research Unit on Lipids and Atherosclerosis, Sant Joan University Hospital, Pere Virgili Health Research Institute (IISPV) and Spanish Biomedical Research Centre in Diabetes and Associated Metabolic Disorders (CIBERDEM)-Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences , Rovira i Virgili University , Reus , Spain
| | - Marta Tajes
- b Heart Diseases Biomedical Research Group, Inflammatory and Cardiovascular Disorders Program , Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute (IMIM), Parc de Salut Mar , Barcelona , Spain
| | - Manuel Vázquez-Carrera
- c Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Therapeutic Chemistry, Institut de Biomedicina de la Universitat de Barcelona (IBUB), Institut de Recerca Pediàtrica-Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, and Spanish Biomedical Research Centre in Diabetes and Associated Metabolic Disorders (CIBERDEM)-Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Faculty of Pharmacy, Diagonal 643 , University of Barcelona , Barcelona , Spain
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16
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Lim KS, Park JK, Jeong MH, Bae IH, Nah JW, Park DS, Sim JW, Kim JH, Lee SY, Jang EJ, Jang S, Kim HK, Sim DS, Kim IS, Hong YJ, Ahn Y, Kang JC. Optimal coating method for a dual-layer stent with sirolimus and alpha-lipoic acid in a porcine coronary restenosis model. Macromol Res 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/s13233-016-4082-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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17
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Roy A, Srivastava M, Saqib U, Liu D, Faisal SM, Sugathan S, Bishnoi S, Baig MS. Potential therapeutic targets for inflammation in toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4)-mediated signaling pathways. Int Immunopharmacol 2016; 40:79-89. [PMID: 27584057 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2016.08.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 115] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2016] [Revised: 08/08/2016] [Accepted: 08/23/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Inflammation is set off when innate immune cells detect infection or tissue injury. Tight control of the severity, duration, and location of inflammation is an absolute requirement for an appropriate balance between clearance of injured tissue and pathogens versus damage to host cells. Impeding the risk associated with the imbalance in the inflammatory response requires precise identification of potential therapeutic targets involved in provoking the inflammation. Toll-like receptors (TLRs) primarily known for the pathogen recognition and subsequent immune responses are being investigated for their pathogenic role in various chronic diseases. A mammalian homologue of Drosophila Toll receptor 4 (TLR4) was shown to induce the expression of genes involved in inflammatory responses. Signaling pathways via TLR4 activate various transcription factors like Nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer (NF-κB), activator protein 1 (AP1), Signal Transducers and Activators of Transcription family of transcription factors (STAT1) and Interferon regulatory factors (IRF's), which are the key players regulating the inflammatory response. Inhibition of these targets and their upstream signaling molecules provides a potential therapeutic approach to treat inflammatory diseases. Here we review the therapeutic targets involved in TLR-4 signaling pathways that are critical for suppressing chronic inflammatory disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anjali Roy
- Center for Biosciences and Biomedical Engineering (BSBE), Indian Institute of Technology (IIT), Indore, MP, India
| | - Mansi Srivastava
- Center for Biosciences and Biomedical Engineering (BSBE), Indian Institute of Technology (IIT), Indore, MP, India
| | - Uzma Saqib
- Discipline of Chemistry, School of Basic Sciences, Indian Institute of Technology Indore (IITI), Indore, MP, India
| | - Dongfang Liu
- Center for Inflammation & Epigenetics, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Syed M Faisal
- National Institute of Animal Biotechnology (NIAB), Hyderabad, Telangana, India
| | - Subi Sugathan
- Center for Biosciences and Biomedical Engineering (BSBE), Indian Institute of Technology (IIT), Indore, MP, India
| | - Suman Bishnoi
- Center for Biosciences and Biomedical Engineering (BSBE), Indian Institute of Technology (IIT), Indore, MP, India
| | - Mirza S Baig
- Center for Biosciences and Biomedical Engineering (BSBE), Indian Institute of Technology (IIT), Indore, MP, India.
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18
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Lim KS, Park JK, Jeong MH, Bae IH, Nah JW, Park DS, Kim JM, Kim JH, Lee SY, Jang EJ, Jang S, Kim HK, Sim DS, Park KH, Hong YJ, Ahn Y, Kang JC. Effect of stents coated with a combination of sirolimus and alpha-lipoic acid in a porcine coronary restenosis model. JOURNAL OF MATERIALS SCIENCE. MATERIALS IN MEDICINE 2016; 27:66. [PMID: 26886814 DOI: 10.1007/s10856-015-5622-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2015] [Accepted: 11/05/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to evaluate antiproliferative sirolimus- and antioxidative alpha-lipoic acid (ALA)-eluting stents using biodegradable polymer [poly-L-lactic acid (PLA)] in a porcine coronary overstretch restenosis model. Forty coronary arteries of 20 pigs were randomized into four groups in which the coronary arteries had a bare metal stent (BMS, n = 10), ALA-eluting stent with PLA (AES, n = 10), sirolimus-eluting stent with PLA (SES, n = 10), or sirolimus- and ALA-eluting stent with PLA (SAS, n = 10). A histopathological analysis was performed 28 days after the stenting. The ALA and sirolimus released slowly over 30 days. There were no significant differences between groups in the injury or inflammation score; however, there were significant differences in the percent area of stenosis (56.2 ± 11.78% in BMS vs. 51.5 ± 12.20% in AES vs. 34.7 ± 7.23% in SES vs. 28.7 ± 7.30% in SAS, P < 0.0001) and fibrin score [1.0 (range 1.0-1.0) in BMS vs. 1.0 (range 1.0-1.0) in AES vs. 2.0 (range 2.0-2.0) in SES vs. 2.0 (range 2.0-2.0) in SAS, P < 0.0001] between the four groups. The percent area of stenosis based on micro-computed tomography corresponded with the restenosis rates based on histopathological stenosis in different proportions in the four groups (54.8 ± 7.88% in BMS vs. 50.4 ± 14.87% in AES vs. 34.5 ± 7.22% in SES vs. 28.9 ± 7.22% in SAS, P < 0.05). SAS showed a better neointimal inhibitory effect than BMS, AES, and SES at 1 month after stenting in a porcine coronary restenosis model. Therefore, SAS with PLA can be a useful drug combination for coronary stent coating to suppress neointimal hyperplasia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyung Seob Lim
- Korea Cardiovascular Stent Institute, Jangsung, Korea
- Cardiovascular Convergence Research Center Nominated by Korea Ministry of Health and Welfare, Gwangju, Korea
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Chonnam National University Hospital, 671, Dong-gu, Gwangju, 501-757, Korea
| | - Jun-Kyu Park
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Sunchon National University, Sunchon, Korea
| | - Myung Ho Jeong
- Korea Cardiovascular Stent Institute, Jangsung, Korea.
- Cardiovascular Convergence Research Center Nominated by Korea Ministry of Health and Welfare, Gwangju, Korea.
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Chonnam National University Hospital, 671, Dong-gu, Gwangju, 501-757, Korea.
- Regeneromics Research Center, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, Korea.
| | - In-Ho Bae
- Korea Cardiovascular Stent Institute, Jangsung, Korea
- Cardiovascular Convergence Research Center Nominated by Korea Ministry of Health and Welfare, Gwangju, Korea
| | - Jae-Woon Nah
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Sunchon National University, Sunchon, Korea
| | - Dae Sung Park
- Cardiovascular Convergence Research Center Nominated by Korea Ministry of Health and Welfare, Gwangju, Korea
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Chonnam National University Hospital, 671, Dong-gu, Gwangju, 501-757, Korea
| | - Jong Min Kim
- Cardiovascular Convergence Research Center Nominated by Korea Ministry of Health and Welfare, Gwangju, Korea
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Chonnam National University Hospital, 671, Dong-gu, Gwangju, 501-757, Korea
| | - Jung Ha Kim
- Cardiovascular Convergence Research Center Nominated by Korea Ministry of Health and Welfare, Gwangju, Korea
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Chonnam National University Hospital, 671, Dong-gu, Gwangju, 501-757, Korea
| | - So Youn Lee
- Korea Cardiovascular Stent Institute, Jangsung, Korea
- Cardiovascular Convergence Research Center Nominated by Korea Ministry of Health and Welfare, Gwangju, Korea
| | - Eun Jae Jang
- Korea Cardiovascular Stent Institute, Jangsung, Korea
- Cardiovascular Convergence Research Center Nominated by Korea Ministry of Health and Welfare, Gwangju, Korea
| | - Suyoung Jang
- Cardiovascular Convergence Research Center Nominated by Korea Ministry of Health and Welfare, Gwangju, Korea
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Chonnam National University Hospital, 671, Dong-gu, Gwangju, 501-757, Korea
| | - Hyun Kuk Kim
- Cardiovascular Convergence Research Center Nominated by Korea Ministry of Health and Welfare, Gwangju, Korea
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Chonnam National University Hospital, 671, Dong-gu, Gwangju, 501-757, Korea
| | - Doo Sun Sim
- Cardiovascular Convergence Research Center Nominated by Korea Ministry of Health and Welfare, Gwangju, Korea
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Chonnam National University Hospital, 671, Dong-gu, Gwangju, 501-757, Korea
| | - Keun-Ho Park
- Cardiovascular Convergence Research Center Nominated by Korea Ministry of Health and Welfare, Gwangju, Korea
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Chonnam National University Hospital, 671, Dong-gu, Gwangju, 501-757, Korea
| | - Young Joon Hong
- Cardiovascular Convergence Research Center Nominated by Korea Ministry of Health and Welfare, Gwangju, Korea
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Chonnam National University Hospital, 671, Dong-gu, Gwangju, 501-757, Korea
| | - Youngkeun Ahn
- Cardiovascular Convergence Research Center Nominated by Korea Ministry of Health and Welfare, Gwangju, Korea
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Chonnam National University Hospital, 671, Dong-gu, Gwangju, 501-757, Korea
| | - Jung Chaee Kang
- Cardiovascular Convergence Research Center Nominated by Korea Ministry of Health and Welfare, Gwangju, Korea
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Chonnam National University Hospital, 671, Dong-gu, Gwangju, 501-757, Korea
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Safe S, Jin UH, Morpurgo B, Abudayyeh A, Singh M, Tjalkens RB. Nuclear receptor 4A (NR4A) family - orphans no more. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol 2016; 157:48-60. [PMID: 25917081 PMCID: PMC4618773 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsbmb.2015.04.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 129] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2015] [Revised: 03/26/2015] [Accepted: 04/21/2015] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
The orphan nuclear receptors NR4A1, NR4A2 and NR4A3 are immediate early genes induced by multiple stressors, and the NR4A receptors play an important role in maintaining cellular homeostasis and disease. There is increasing evidence for the role of these receptors in metabolic, cardiovascular and neurological functions and also in inflammation and inflammatory diseases and in immune functions and cancer. Despite the similarities of NR4A1, NR4A2 and NR4A3 and their interactions with common cis-genomic elements, they exhibit unique activities and cell-/tissue-specific functions. Although endogenous ligands for NR4A receptors have not been identified, there is increasing evidence that structurally-diverse synthetic molecules can directly interact with the ligand binding domain of NR4A1 and act as agonists or antagonists, and ligands for NR4A2 and NR4A3 have also been identified. Since NR4A receptors are key factors in multiple diseases, there are opportunities for the future development of NR4A ligands for clinical applications in treating multiple health problems including metabolic, neurologic and cardiovascular diseases, other inflammatory conditions, and cancer.
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MESH Headings
- Arthritis/metabolism
- Cardiovascular Diseases/metabolism
- DNA-Binding Proteins/metabolism
- Homeostasis
- Humans
- Immunity, Cellular
- Inflammation/metabolism
- Ligands
- Metabolic Diseases/genetics
- Metabolic Diseases/metabolism
- Neoplasms/metabolism
- Nuclear Receptor Subfamily 4, Group A, Member 1/genetics
- Nuclear Receptor Subfamily 4, Group A, Member 1/metabolism
- Nuclear Receptor Subfamily 4, Group A, Member 2/genetics
- Nuclear Receptor Subfamily 4, Group A, Member 2/metabolism
- Receptors, Steroid/metabolism
- Receptors, Thyroid Hormone/metabolism
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen Safe
- Department of Veterinary Physiology and Pharmacology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA.
| | - Un-Ho Jin
- Department of Veterinary Physiology and Pharmacology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA
| | - Benjamin Morpurgo
- Texas A&M Institute for Genomic Medicine, Texas A&M University, 670 Raymond Stotzer Pkwy, College Station, TX 77843, USA
| | - Ala Abudayyeh
- Department of General Internal Medicine, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Mandip Singh
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Florida A&M University, Tallahassee, FL 32307, USA
| | - Ronald B Tjalkens
- Department of Toxicology and Neuroscience, Colorado State University, 1680Campus Delivery, Fort Collins, CO 80523-1680, USA
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20
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Shao Q, Han F, Peng S, He B. Nur77 inhibits oxLDL induced apoptosis of macrophages via the p38 MAPK signaling pathway. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2016; 471:633-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2016.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2015] [Accepted: 01/02/2016] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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21
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Agostini-Dreyer A, Jetzt AE, Stires H, Cohick WS. Endogenous IGFBP-3 Mediates Intrinsic Apoptosis Through Modulation of Nur77 Phosphorylation and Nuclear Export. Endocrinology 2015; 156:4141-51. [PMID: 26340041 DOI: 10.1210/en.2015-1215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
In nontransformed bovine mammary epithelial cells, the intrinsic apoptosis inducer anisomycin (ANS) induces IGFBP-3 expression and nuclear localization and knockdown of IGFBP-3 attenuates ANS-induced apoptosis. Others have shown in prostate cancer cells that exogenous IGFBP-3 induces apoptosis by facilitating nuclear export of the orphan nuclear receptor Nur77 and its binding partner, retinoid X receptor-α (RXRα). The goal of the present work was to determine whether endogenous IGFBP-3 plays a role in ANS-induced apoptosis by facilitating nuclear transport of Nur77 and/or RXRα in nontransformed cells. Knockdown of Nur77 with siRNA decreased ANS-induced cleavage of caspase-3 and -7 and their downstream target, PARP, indicating a role for Nur77 in ANS-induced apoptosis. In cells transfected with IGFBP-3, IGFBP-3 associated with RXRα but not Nur77 under basal conditions, however, IGFBP-3 co-precipitated with phosphorylated forms of both proteins in ANS-treated cells. Indirect immunofluorescence and cell fractionation techniques showed that ANS induced phosphorylation and transport of Nur77 from the nucleus to the cytoplasm and these effects were attenuated by knockdown of IGFBP-3. These data suggest that endogenous IGFBP-3 plays a role in intrinsic apoptosis by facilitating phosphorylation and nuclear export of Nur77 to the cytoplasm where it exerts its apoptotic effect. Whether this mechanism involves a physical association between endogenous IGFBP-3 and Nur77 or RXRα remains to be determined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Allyson Agostini-Dreyer
- Graduate Program in Nutritional Sciences (A.A.-D., W.S.C.), Department of Animal Sciences, Rutgers (A.E.J., W.S.C.), and Graduate Program in Endocrinology and Animal Biosciences (H.S., W.S.C.), Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, New Jersey 08901-8520
| | - Amanda E Jetzt
- Graduate Program in Nutritional Sciences (A.A.-D., W.S.C.), Department of Animal Sciences, Rutgers (A.E.J., W.S.C.), and Graduate Program in Endocrinology and Animal Biosciences (H.S., W.S.C.), Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, New Jersey 08901-8520
| | - Hillary Stires
- Graduate Program in Nutritional Sciences (A.A.-D., W.S.C.), Department of Animal Sciences, Rutgers (A.E.J., W.S.C.), and Graduate Program in Endocrinology and Animal Biosciences (H.S., W.S.C.), Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, New Jersey 08901-8520
| | - Wendie S Cohick
- Graduate Program in Nutritional Sciences (A.A.-D., W.S.C.), Department of Animal Sciences, Rutgers (A.E.J., W.S.C.), and Graduate Program in Endocrinology and Animal Biosciences (H.S., W.S.C.), Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, New Jersey 08901-8520
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22
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Simultaneous Increases in Proliferation and Apoptosis of Vascular Smooth Muscle Cells Accelerate Diabetic Mouse Venous Atherosclerosis. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0141375. [PMID: 26488175 PMCID: PMC4619075 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0141375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2015] [Accepted: 10/06/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Aims This study was designed to demonstrate simultaneous increases in proliferation and apoptosis of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) leading to accelerated vein graft remodeling and to explore the underlying mechanisms. Methods Vein grafts were performed in non-diabetic and diabetic mice. The cultured quiescent VSMCs were subjected to mechanical stretch stress (SS) and/or advanced glycosylation end products (AGEs). Harvested vein grafts and treated VSMCs were used to detect cell proliferation, apoptosis, mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) activation and SM-α-actin expression. Results Significantly thicker vessel walls and greater increases in proliferation and apoptosis were observed in diabetic vein grafts than those in non-diabetic. Both SS and AGEs were found to induce different activation of three members of MAPKs and simultaneous increases in proliferation and apoptosis of VSMCs, and combined treatment with both had a synergistic effect. VSMCs with strong SM-α-actin expression represented more activated JNKs or p38MAPK, and cell apoptosis, while the cells with weak SM-α-actin expression demonstrated preferential activation of ERKs and cell proliferation. In contrast, inhibition of MAPKs signals triggered significant decreases in VSMC proliferation, and apoptosis. Treatment of the cells with RNA interference of receptor of AGEs (RAGE) also resulted in significant decreases in both proliferation and apoptosis. Conclusions Increased pressure-induced SS triggers simultaneous increases in proliferation and apoptosis of VSMCs in the vein grafts leading to vein arterializations, which can be synergistically accelerated by high glucose-induced AGEs resulting in vein graft atherosclerosis. Either SS or AGEs and their combination induce simultaneous increases in proliferation and apoptosis of VSMCs via different activation of three members of MAPKs resulting from different VSMC subtypes classified by SM-α-actin expression levels.
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Yu Y, Cai Z, Cui M, Nie P, Sun Z, Sun S, Chu S, Wang X, Hu L, Yi J, Shen L, He B. The orphan nuclear receptor Nur77 inhibits low shear stress-induced carotid artery remodeling in mice. Int J Mol Med 2015; 36:1547-55. [PMID: 26498924 PMCID: PMC4678158 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2015.2375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2015] [Accepted: 10/05/2015] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Shear stress, particularly low and oscillatory shear stress, plays a critical pathophysiological role in vascular remodeling-related cardiovascular diseases. Growing evidence suggests that the orphan nuclear receptor Nur77 [also known as TR3 or nuclear receptor subfamily 4, group A, member 1 (NR4A1)] is expressed in diseased human vascular tissue and plays an important role in vascular physiology and pathology. In the present study, we used a mouse model of flow-dependent remodeling by partial ligation of the left common carotid artery (LCCA) to define the exact role of Nur77 in vascular remodeling induced by low shear stress. Following vascular remodeling, Nur77 was highly expressed in neointimal vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) in the ligated carotid arteries. The reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels were elevated in the remodeled arteries in vivo and in primary rat VSMCs in vitro following stimulation with platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF). Further in vitro experiments revealed that Nur77 expression was rapidly increased in the VSMCs following stimulation with PDGF and H2O2, whereas treatment with N-acetyl cysteine (NAC, a ROS scavenger) reversed the increase in the protein level of Nur77 induced by H2O2. Moreover, Nur77 overexpression markedly inhibited the proliferation and migration of VSMCs, induced by PDGF. Finally, to determine the in vivo role of Nur77 in low shear stress-induced vascular remodeling, wild-type (WT) and Nur77-deficient mice were subjected to partial ligation of the LCCA. Four weeks following surgery, in the LCCAs of the Nur77-deficient mice, a significant increase in the intima-media area and carotid intima-media thickness was noted, as well as more severe elastin disruption and collagen deposition compared to the WT mice. Immunofluorescence staining revealed an increase in VSMC proliferation [determined by the expression of proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA)] and matrix metalloproteinase 9 (MMP-9) production in the Nur77-deficient mice. There was no difference in the number of intimal apoptotic cells between the groups. Taken together, our results indicate that Nur77 may be a sensor of oxidative stress and an inhibitor of vascular remodeling induced by low shear stress. Nur77, as well as its downstream cell signals, may thus be a potential therapeutic target for the suppression of vascular remodeling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Yu
- Department of Cardiology, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200127, P.R. China
| | - Zhaohua Cai
- Department of Cardiology, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200127, P.R. China
| | - Mingli Cui
- Department of Cardiology, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200127, P.R. China
| | - Peng Nie
- Department of Cardiology, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200127, P.R. China
| | - Zhe Sun
- Department of Cardiology, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200127, P.R. China
| | - Shiqun Sun
- Department of Cardiology, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200127, P.R. China
| | - Shichun Chu
- Department of Cardiology, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200127, P.R. China
| | - Xiaolei Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200127, P.R. China
| | - Liuhua Hu
- Department of Cardiology, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200127, P.R. China
| | - Jing Yi
- Department of Cell Biology, Key Laboratory of the Education Ministry for Cell Differentiation and Apoptosis, Institutes of Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200025, P.R. China
| | - Linghong Shen
- Department of Cardiology, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200127, P.R. China
| | - Ben He
- Department of Cardiology, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200127, P.R. China
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Ruiter MS, van Tiel CM, Doornbos A, Marinković G, Strang AC, Attevelt NJM, de Waard V, de Winter RJ, Steendam R, de Vries CJM. Stents Eluting 6-Mercaptopurine Reduce Neointima Formation and Inflammation while Enhancing Strut Coverage in Rabbits. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0138459. [PMID: 26389595 PMCID: PMC4577071 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0138459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2015] [Accepted: 08/31/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The introduction of drug-eluting stents (DES) has dramatically reduced restenosis rates compared with bare metal stents, but in-stent thrombosis remains a safety concern, necessitating prolonged dual anti-platelet therapy. The drug 6-Mercaptopurine (6-MP) has been shown to have beneficial effects in a cell-specific fashion on smooth muscle cells (SMC), endothelial cells and macrophages. We generated and analyzed a novel bioresorbable polymer coated DES, releasing 6-MP into the vessel wall, to reduce restenosis by inhibiting SMC proliferation and decreasing inflammation, without negatively affecting endothelialization of the stent surface. Methods Stents spray-coated with a bioresorbable polymer containing 0, 30 or 300 μg 6-MP were implanted in the iliac arteries of 17 male New Zealand White rabbits. Animals were euthanized for stent harvest 1 week after implantation for evaluation of cellular stent coverage and after 4 weeks for morphometric analyses of the lesions. Results Four weeks after implantation, the high dose of 6-MP attenuated restenosis with 16% compared to controls. Reduced neointima formation could at least partly be explained by an almost 2-fold induction of the cell cycle inhibiting kinase p27Kip1. Additionally, inflammation score, the quantification of RAM11-positive cells in the vessel wall, was significantly reduced in the high dose group with 23% compared to the control group. Evaluation with scanning electron microscopy showed 6-MP did not inhibit strut coverage 1 week after implantation. Conclusion We demonstrate that novel stents coated with a bioresorbable polymer coating eluting 6-MP inhibit restenosis and attenuate inflammation, while stimulating endothelial coverage. The 6-MP-eluting stents demonstrate that inhibition of restenosis without leaving uncovered metal is feasible, bringing stents without risk of late thrombosis one step closer to the patient.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthijs S. Ruiter
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Claudia M. van Tiel
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | - Goran Marinković
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Aart C. Strang
- Department of Vascular Medicine, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Nico J. M. Attevelt
- Central Laboratory Animal Research Facility, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Vivian de Waard
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Robbert J. de Winter
- Department of Cardiology, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Rob Steendam
- InnoCore Pharmaceuticals, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Carlie J. M. de Vries
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- * E-mail:
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Choi SH, Park S, Oh CJ, Leem J, Park KG, Lee IK. Dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibition by gemigliptin prevents abnormal vascular remodeling via NF-E2-related factor 2 activation. Vascul Pharmacol 2015; 73:11-9. [PMID: 26187356 DOI: 10.1016/j.vph.2015.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2015] [Revised: 06/10/2015] [Accepted: 07/11/2015] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitors exert a potent anti-hyperglycemic effect and reduce cardiovascular risk in type 2 diabetic patients. Several studies have shown that DPP-4 inhibitors including sitagliptin have beneficial effects in atherosclerosis and cardiac infarction involving reactive oxygen species. Here, we show that gemigliptin can directly attenuate the abnormal proliferation and migration of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) via enhanced NF-E2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) activity. Gemigliptin dramatically prevented ligation injury-induced neointimal hyperplasia in mouse carotid arteries. Likewise, the proliferation of primary VSMCs was significantly attenuated by gemigliptin in a dose-dependent manner consistent with a decrease in phospho-Rb, resulting in G1 cell cycle arrest. We found that gemigliptin enhanced Nrf2 activity not only by mRNA expression, but also by increasing Keap1 proteosomal degradation by p62, leading to the induction of Nrf2 target genes such as HO-1 and NQO1. The anti-proliferative role of gemigliptin disappeared with DPP-4 siRNA knockdown, indicating that the endogenous DPP-4 in VSMCs contributed to the effect of gemigliptin. In addition, gemigliptin diminished TNF-α-mediated cell adhesion molecules such as MCP-1 and VCAM-1 and reduced MMP2 activity in VSMCs. Taken together, our data indicate that gemigliptin exerts a preventative effect on the proliferation and migration of VSMCs via Nrf2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seung Hee Choi
- Department of Biomedical Science, Graduate School, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Sungmi Park
- Leading-Edge Research Center for Drug Discovery and Development for Diabetes and Metabolic Disease, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Chang Joo Oh
- Research Institutes of Aging and Metabolism, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Jaechan Leem
- Leading-Edge Research Center for Drug Discovery and Development for Diabetes and Metabolic Disease, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Keun-Gyu Park
- Leading-Edge Research Center for Drug Discovery and Development for Diabetes and Metabolic Disease, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea; Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - In-Kyu Lee
- Leading-Edge Research Center for Drug Discovery and Development for Diabetes and Metabolic Disease, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea; Research Institutes of Aging and Metabolism, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea; Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea; BK21 Plus KNU Biomedical Convergence Program, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea.
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26
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Lilly B. We have contact: endothelial cell-smooth muscle cell interactions. Physiology (Bethesda) 2015; 29:234-41. [PMID: 24985327 DOI: 10.1152/physiol.00047.2013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Blood vessels are composed of two primary cell types, endothelial cells and smooth muscle cells, each providing a unique contribution to vessel function. Signaling between these two cell types is essential for maintaining tone in mature vessels, and their communication is critical during development, and for repair and remodeling associated with blood vessel growth. This review will highlight the pathways that endothelial cells and smooth muscle cells utilize to communicate during vessel formation and discuss how disruptions in these pathways contribute to disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brenda Lilly
- Department of Pediatrics, Nationwide Children's Hospital, The Heart Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio
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27
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Effect of polymer-free TiO2 stent coated with abciximab or alpha lipoic acid in porcine coronary restenosis model. J Cardiol 2014; 64:409-18. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jjcc.2014.02.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2013] [Revised: 01/21/2014] [Accepted: 02/06/2014] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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28
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Huo Y, Yi B, Chen M, Wang N, Chen P, Guo C, Sun J. Induction of Nur77 by hyperoside inhibits vascular smooth muscle cell proliferation and neointimal formation. Biochem Pharmacol 2014; 92:590-8. [PMID: 25316569 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2014.09.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2014] [Revised: 09/24/2014] [Accepted: 09/24/2014] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Nur77 is an orphan nuclear receptor that belongs to the nuclear receptor 4A (NR4A) subfamily, which has been implicated in a variety of biological events, such as cell apoptosis, proliferation, inflammation, and metabolism. Activation of Nur77 has recently been shown to be beneficial for the treatment of cardiovascular and metabolic diseases. The purpose of this study is to identify novel natural Nur77 activators and investigate their roles in preventing vascular diseases. By measuring Nur77 expression using quantitative RT-PCR, we screened active ingredients extracted from Chinese herb medicines with beneficial cardiovascular effects. Hyperoside (quercetin 3-D-galactoside) was identified as one of the potent activators for inducing Nur77 expression and activating its transcriptional activity in vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs). We demonstrated that hyperoside, in a time and dose dependent manner, markedly increased the expression of Nur77 in rat VSMCs, with an EC50 of ∼0.83 μM. Mechanistically, we found that hyperoside significantly increased the phosphorylation of ERK1/2 MAP kinase and its downstream target cAMP response element-binding protein (CREB), both of which contributed to the hyperoside-induced Nur77 expression in rat VSMCs. Moreover, through activation of Nur77 receptor, hyperoside markedly inhibited both vascular smooth muscle cell proliferation in vitro and the carotid artery ligation-induced neointimal formation in vivo. These findings demonstrate that hyperoside is a potent natural activator of Nur77 receptor, which can be potentially used for prevention and treatment of occlusive vascular diseases.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Base Sequence
- Cell Proliferation/drug effects
- Cells, Cultured
- DNA Primers
- Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/cytology
- Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/drug effects
- Nuclear Receptor Subfamily 4, Group A, Member 1/biosynthesis
- Nuclear Receptor Subfamily 4, Group A, Member 1/genetics
- Polymerase Chain Reaction
- Quercetin/analogs & derivatives
- Quercetin/pharmacology
- RNA, Messenger/genetics
- Rats
- Rats, Sprague-Dawley
- Tunica Intima/drug effects
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Huo
- Department of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, 600 Yishan Road, Shanghai 200233, China; Center for Translational Medicine, Department of Medicine, Thomas Jefferson University, 1020 Locust Street, Room 368G, Philadelphia 19107, USA
| | - Bing Yi
- Center for Translational Medicine, Department of Medicine, Thomas Jefferson University, 1020 Locust Street, Room 368G, Philadelphia 19107, USA
| | - Ming Chen
- Center for Translational Medicine, Department of Medicine, Thomas Jefferson University, 1020 Locust Street, Room 368G, Philadelphia 19107, USA
| | - Nadan Wang
- Center for Translational Medicine, Department of Medicine, Thomas Jefferson University, 1020 Locust Street, Room 368G, Philadelphia 19107, USA
| | - Pengguo Chen
- Department of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, 600 Yishan Road, Shanghai 200233, China
| | - Cheng Guo
- Department of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, 600 Yishan Road, Shanghai 200233, China.
| | - Jianxin Sun
- Center for Translational Medicine, Department of Medicine, Thomas Jefferson University, 1020 Locust Street, Room 368G, Philadelphia 19107, USA.
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29
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Kim EJ, Choi YK, Han YH, Kim HJ, Lee IK, Lee MO. RORα suppresses proliferation of vascular smooth muscle cells through activation of AMP-activated protein kinase. Int J Cardiol 2014; 175:515-21. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijcard.2014.06.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2014] [Revised: 05/05/2014] [Accepted: 06/24/2014] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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30
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A Novel Agent with Histone Deacetylase Inhibitory Activity Attenuates Neointimal Hyperplasia. Cardiovasc Drugs Ther 2014; 28:395-406. [DOI: 10.1007/s10557-014-6540-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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31
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Dimethylfumarate attenuates restenosis after acute vascular injury by cell-specific and Nrf2-dependent mechanisms. Redox Biol 2014; 2:855-64. [PMID: 25009787 PMCID: PMC4087186 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2014.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2014] [Revised: 06/05/2014] [Accepted: 06/05/2014] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Excessive proliferation of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) and incomplete re-endothelialization is a major clinical problem limiting the long-term efficacy of percutaneous coronary angioplasty. We tested if dimethylfumarate (DMF), an anti-psoriasis drug, could inhibit abnormal vascular remodeling via NF−E2-related factor 2 (Nrf2)-NAD(P)H quinone oxidoreductase 1 (NQO1) activity. DMF significantly attenuated neointimal hyperplasia induced by balloon injury in rat carotid arteries via suppression of the G1 to S phase transition resulting from induction of p21 protein in VSMCs. Initially, DMF increased p21 protein stability through an enhancement in Nrf2 activity without an increase in p21 mRNA. Later on, DMF stimulated p21 mRNA expression through a process dependent on p53 activity. However, heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) or NQO1 activity, well-known target genes induced by Nrf2, were dispensable for the DMF induction of p21 protein and the effect on the VSMC proliferation. Likewise, DMF protected endothelial cells from TNF-α-induced apoptosis and the dysfunction characterized by decreased eNOS expression. With knock-down of Nrf2 or NQO1, DMF failed to prevent TNF-α-induced cell apoptosis and decreased eNOS expression. Also, CD31 expression, an endothelial specific marker, was restored in vivo by DMF. In conclusion, DMF prevented abnormal proliferation in VSMCs by G1 cell cycle arrest via p21 upregulation driven by Nrf2 and p53 activity, and had a beneficial effect on TNF-α-induced apoptosis and dysfunction in endothelial cells through Nrf2–NQO1 activity suggesting that DMF might be a therapeutic drug for patients with vascular disease. DMF can attenuate abnormal vascular remodeling after the injury. The level of p21 protein depends on Nrf2 and p53 activity in DMF treated VSMCs. Enhanced Nrf2 activity by DMF blocks the proliferation of VSMCs. DMF increases Nrf2 activity followed by NQO1, leading to decreased apoptosis of ECs. DMF might be a therapeutic drug for patients with vascular diseases.
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Abstract
Fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21) is an attractive target for treating metabolic disease due to its wide-ranging beneficial effects on glucose and lipid metabolism. Circulating FGF21 levels are increased in insulin-resistant states; however, endogenous FGF21 fails to improve glucose and lipid metabolism in obesity, suggesting that metabolic syndrome is an FGF21-resistant state. Therefore, transcription factors for FGF21 are potential drug targets that could increase FGF21 expression in obesity and reduce FGF21 resistance. Despite many studies on the metabolic effects of FGF21, the transcriptional regulation of FGF21 gene expression remains controversial and is not fully understood. As the FGF21 transcription factor pathway is one of the most promising targets for the treatment of metabolic syndrome, further investigation of FGF21 transcriptional regulation is required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kwi-Hyun Bae
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Kyungpook National University School of Medicine, Daegu, Korea
| | - Jung-Guk Kim
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Kyungpook National University School of Medicine, Daegu, Korea
| | - Keun-Gyu Park
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Kyungpook National University School of Medicine, Daegu, Korea
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Brodeur MR, Bouvet C, Bouchard S, Moreau S, Leblond J, deBlois D, Moreau P. Reduction of advanced-glycation end products levels and inhibition of RAGE signaling decreases rat vascular calcification induced by diabetes. PLoS One 2014; 9:e85922. [PMID: 24465790 PMCID: PMC3897559 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0085922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2013] [Accepted: 12/03/2013] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Advanced-glycation end products (AGEs) were recently implicated in vascular calcification, through a process mediated by RAGE (receptor for AGEs). Although a correlation between AGEs levels and vascular calcification was established, there is no evidence that reducing in vivo AGEs deposition or inhibiting AGEs-RAGE signaling pathways can decrease medial calcification. We evaluated the impact of inhibiting AGEs formation by pyridoxamine or elimination of AGEs by alagebrium on diabetic medial calcification. We also evaluated if the inhibition of AGEs-RAGE signaling pathways can prevent calcification. Rats were fed a high fat diet during 2 months before receiving a low dose of streptozotocin. Then, calcification was induced with warfarin. Pyridoxamine was administered at the beginning of warfarin treatment while alagebrium was administered 3 weeks after the beginning of warfarin treatment. Results demonstrate that AGEs inhibitors prevent the time-dependent accumulation of AGEs in femoral arteries of diabetic rats. This effect was accompanied by a reduced diabetes-accelerated calcification. Ex vivo experiments showed that N-methylpyridinium, an agonist of RAGE, induced calcification of diabetic femoral arteries, a process inhibited by antioxidants and different inhibitors of signaling pathways associated to RAGE activation. The physiological importance of oxidative stress was demonstrated by the reduction of femoral artery calcification in diabetic rats treated with apocynin, an inhibitor of reactive oxygen species production. We demonstrated that AGE inhibitors prevent or limit medial calcification. We also showed that diabetes-accelerated calcification is prevented by antioxidants. Thus, inhibiting the association of AGE-RAGE or the downstream signaling reduced medial calcification in diabetes.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Antioxidants/pharmacology
- Aorta/metabolism
- Aorta/pathology
- Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental/complications
- Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental/metabolism
- Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental/physiopathology
- Femoral Artery/drug effects
- Femoral Artery/pathology
- Femoral Artery/physiopathology
- Glycation End Products, Advanced/metabolism
- Hemodynamics/drug effects
- Male
- Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/pathology
- Myocytes, Smooth Muscle/drug effects
- Myocytes, Smooth Muscle/metabolism
- Myocytes, Smooth Muscle/pathology
- Oxidation-Reduction/drug effects
- Pyridinium Compounds
- Rats
- Rats, Wistar
- Receptor for Advanced Glycation End Products
- Receptors, Immunologic/metabolism
- Signal Transduction/drug effects
- Vascular Calcification/etiology
- Vascular Calcification/metabolism
- Vascular Calcification/pathology
- Vascular Calcification/physiopathology
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Céline Bouvet
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Sonia Bouchard
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Simon Moreau
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Jeanne Leblond
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Denis deBlois
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Pierre Moreau
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada
- * E-mail:
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Niu G, Lu L, Gan J, Zhang D, Liu J, Huang G. Dual roles of orphan nuclear receptor TR3/Nur77/NGFI-B in mediating cell survival and apoptosis. INTERNATIONAL REVIEW OF CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2014; 313:219-58. [PMID: 25376494 DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-800177-6.00007-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
As a transcriptional factor, Nur77 has sparked interests across different research fields in recent years. A number of studies have demonstrated the functional complexity of Nur77 in mediating survival/apoptosis in a variety of cells, including tumor cells. Conflicting observations also exist in clinical reports, in that TR3 behaves like an oncogene in tumors of the GI tract, lung, and breast, that is negatively associated with tumor stage and patient prognosis; while functions as a tumor suppressor gene in malignancies of the hematological and lymphatic system, skin, and ovary whose malfunction results in carcinogenesis. This chapter summarizes the apparent opposing effects of Nur77 on cells and explicates the mechanisms that determine the functional preference of Nur77. We conclude that in addition to cell type and agent context, other factors such as cellular localization, signaling pathway, and posttranslational modification also determine the final effects of Nur77 on cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gengming Niu
- Department of General Surgery, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Lei Lu
- Department of Neurology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Jun Gan
- Department of General Surgery, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Di Zhang
- Main Library, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jingzheng Liu
- Department of General Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Guangjian Huang
- Department of General Surgery, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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Dimethylfumarate attenuates renal fibrosis via NF-E2-related factor 2-mediated inhibition of transforming growth factor-β/Smad signaling. PLoS One 2012; 7:e45870. [PMID: 23056222 PMCID: PMC3466265 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0045870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2012] [Accepted: 08/22/2012] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
TGF-β plays a key role in the development of renal fibrosis. Suppressing the TGF-β signaling pathway is a possible therapeutic approach for preventing this disease, and reports have suggested that Nrf2 protects against renal fibrosis by inhibiting TGF-β signaling. This study examines whether dimethylfumarate (DMF), which stimulates Nrf2, prevents renal fibrosis via the Nrf2-mediated suppression of TGF-β signaling. Results showed that DMF increased nuclear levels of Nrf2, and both DMF and adenovirus-mediated overexpression of Nrf2 (Ad-Nrf2) decreased PAI-1, alpha-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA), fibronectin and type 1 collagen expression in TGF-β-treated rat mesangial cells (RMCs) and renal fibroblast cells (NRK-49F). Additionally, DMF and Ad-Nrf2 repressed TGF-β-stimulated Smad3 activity by inhibiting Smad3 phosphorylation, which was restored by siRNA-mediated knockdown of Nrf2 expression. However, downregulation of the antioxidant response element (ARE)-driven Nrf2 target genes such as NQO1, HO-1 and glutathione S-transferase (GST) did not reverse the inhibitory effect of DMF on TGF-β-induced upregulation of profibrotic genes or extracellular matrix proteins, suggesting an ARE-independent anti-fibrotic activity of DMF. Finally, DMF suppressed unilateral ureteral obstruction (UUO)-induced renal fibrosis and α-SMA, fibronectin and type 1 collagen expression in the obstructed kidneys from UUO mice, along with increased and decreased expression of Nrf2 and phospho-Smad3, respectively. In summary, DMF attenuated renal fibrosis via the Nrf2-mediated inhibition of TGF-β/Smad3 signaling in an ARE-independent manner, suggesting that DMF could be used to treat renal fibrosis.
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Abstract
A number of nuclear receptors are involved in maintenance of normal vessel wall physiology as well as in pathophysiological processes such as atherosclerosis, restenosis and remodelling. Recent studies revealed a previously unrecognized function of the NR4A subfamily of nuclear receptors as key regulatory proteins in vascular disease. The NR4A subfamily comprises the members Nur77, Nurr1 and NOR-1 and in the current review a comprehensive overview is given of the data supporting functional involvement of these nuclear receptors in three major cell types in vascular (patho)physiology; endothelial cells, smooth muscle cells and monocytes-macrophages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia M van Tiel
- Academic Medical Center, K1-113, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 15, 1105AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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Papac-Milicevic N, Breuss JM, Zaujec J, Ryban L, Plyushch T, Wagner GA, Fenzl S, Dremsek P, Cabaravdic M, Steiner M, Glass CK, Binder CJ, Uhrin P, Binder BR. The interferon stimulated gene 12 inactivates vasculoprotective functions of NR4A nuclear receptors. Circ Res 2012; 110:e50-63. [PMID: 22427340 DOI: 10.1161/circresaha.111.258814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
RATIONALE Innate and adaptive immune responses alter numerous homeostatic processes that are controlled by nuclear hormone receptors. NR4A1 is a nuclear receptor that is induced in vascular pathologies, where it mediates protection. OBJECTIVE The underlying mechanisms that regulate the activity of NR4A1 during vascular injury are not clear. We therefore searched for modulators of NR4A1 function that are present during vascular inflammation. METHODS AND RESULTS We report that the protein encoded by interferon stimulated gene 12 (ISG12), is a novel interaction partner of NR4A1 that inhibits the transcriptional activities of NR4A1 by mediating its Crm1-dependent nuclear export. Using 2 models of vascular injury, we show that ISG12-deficient mice are protected from neointima formation. This effect is dependent on the presence of NR4A1, as mice deficient for both ISG12 and NR4A1 exhibit neointima formation similar to wild-type mice. CONCLUSIONS These findings identify a previously unrecognized feedback loop activated by interferons that inhibits the vasculoprotective functions of NR4A nuclear receptors, providing a potential new therapeutic target for interferon-driven pathologies.
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MESH Headings
- Active Transport, Cell Nucleus
- Animals
- Carotid Artery Injuries/genetics
- Carotid Artery Injuries/immunology
- Carotid Artery Injuries/metabolism
- Carotid Artery Injuries/pathology
- Carotid Artery Injuries/prevention & control
- Cells, Cultured
- Disease Models, Animal
- Endothelial Cells/metabolism
- Endothelial Cells/pathology
- Feedback, Physiological
- Femoral Artery/injuries
- Femoral Artery/metabolism
- Femoral Artery/pathology
- Gene Expression Regulation
- Inflammation/genetics
- Inflammation/immunology
- Inflammation/metabolism
- Inflammation/pathology
- Inflammation/prevention & control
- Interferons/metabolism
- Karyopherins/metabolism
- Membrane Proteins/genetics
- Membrane Proteins/metabolism
- Mice
- Mice, 129 Strain
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Mice, Knockout
- Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/injuries
- Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/metabolism
- Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/pathology
- Myocytes, Smooth Muscle/metabolism
- Myocytes, Smooth Muscle/pathology
- Nuclear Receptor Subfamily 4, Group A, Member 1/genetics
- Nuclear Receptor Subfamily 4, Group A, Member 1/metabolism
- Protein Interaction Domains and Motifs
- Proteins/genetics
- Proteins/metabolism
- RNA Interference
- Receptors, Cytoplasmic and Nuclear/metabolism
- Time Factors
- Transcription, Genetic
- Transfection
- Vascular System Injuries/genetics
- Vascular System Injuries/immunology
- Vascular System Injuries/metabolism
- Vascular System Injuries/pathology
- Vascular System Injuries/prevention & control
- Exportin 1 Protein
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikolina Papac-Milicevic
- Department of Vascular Biology and Thrombosis Research, Center for Physiology and Pharmacology, Medical University of Vienna, Austria.
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Oh CJ, Kim JY, Min AK, Park KG, Harris RA, Kim HJ, Lee IK. Sulforaphane attenuates hepatic fibrosis via NF-E2-related factor 2-mediated inhibition of transforming growth factor-β/Smad signaling. Free Radic Biol Med 2012; 52:671-682. [PMID: 22155056 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2011.11.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 118] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2011] [Revised: 10/12/2011] [Accepted: 11/09/2011] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Sulforaphane (SFN) is a dietary isothiocyanate that exerts chemopreventive effects via NF-E2-related factor 2 (Nrf2)-mediated induction of antioxidant/phase II enzymes, such as heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) and NAD(P)H quinone oxidoreductase 1 (NQO1). This work was undertaken to evaluate the effects of SFN on hepatic fibrosis and profibrotic transforming growth factor (TGF)-β/Smad signaling, which are closely associated with oxidative stress. SFN suppressed TGF-β-enhanced expression of α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA), a marker of hepatic stellate cell (HSC) activation, and profibrogenic genes such as type I collagen, fibronectin, tissue inhibitor of matrix metalloproteinase (TIMP)-1, and plasminogen activator inhibitor (PAI)-1 in hTERT, an immortalized human HSC line. SFN inhibited TGF-β-stimulated activity of a PAI-1 promoter construct and (CAGA)(9) MLP-Luc, an artificial Smad3/4-specific reporter, in addition to reducing phosphorylation and nuclear translocation of Smad3. Nrf2 overexpression was sufficient to inhibit the TGF-β/Smad signaling and PAI-1 expression. Conversely, knockdown of Nrf2, but not inhibition of HO-1 or NQO1 activity, significantly abolished the inhibitory effect of SFN on (CAGA)(9) MLP-Luc activity. However, inhibition of NQO1 activity reversed repression of TGF-β-stimulated expression of type I collagen by SFN, suggesting the involvement of antioxidant activity of SFN in the suppression of Smad-independent fibrogenic gene expression. Finally, SFN treatment attenuated the development and progression of early stage hepatic fibrosis induced by bile duct ligation in mice, accompanied by reduced expression of type I collagen and α-SMA. Collectively, these results show that SFN elicits an antifibrotic effect on hepatic fibrosis through Nrf2-mediated inhibition of the TGF-β/Smad signaling and subsequent suppression of HSC activation and fibrogenic gene expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang Joo Oh
- Department of Internal Medicine and Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Research Institute of Aging and Metabolism, WCU Program, Kyungpook National University School of Medicine, Daegu 700-721, Republic of Korea
| | - Joon-Young Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine and Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Research Institute of Aging and Metabolism, WCU Program, Kyungpook National University School of Medicine, Daegu 700-721, Republic of Korea
| | - Ae-Kyung Min
- Department of Internal Medicine and Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Research Institute of Aging and Metabolism, WCU Program, Kyungpook National University School of Medicine, Daegu 700-721, Republic of Korea
| | - Keun-Gyu Park
- Department of Internal Medicine and Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Research Institute of Aging and Metabolism, WCU Program, Kyungpook National University School of Medicine, Daegu 700-721, Republic of Korea
| | - Robert A Harris
- Department of Internal Medicine and Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Research Institute of Aging and Metabolism, WCU Program, Kyungpook National University School of Medicine, Daegu 700-721, Republic of Korea; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202-5122, USA
| | - Han-Jong Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine and Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Research Institute of Aging and Metabolism, WCU Program, Kyungpook National University School of Medicine, Daegu 700-721, Republic of Korea.
| | - In-Kyu Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine and Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Research Institute of Aging and Metabolism, WCU Program, Kyungpook National University School of Medicine, Daegu 700-721, Republic of Korea.
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Kim H, Kim HJ, Lee K, Kim JM, Kim HS, Kim JR, Ha CM, Choi YK, Lee SJ, Kim JY, Harris RA, Jeong D, Lee IK. α-Lipoic acid attenuates vascular calcification via reversal of mitochondrial function and restoration of Gas6/Axl/Akt survival pathway. J Cell Mol Med 2012; 16:273-86. [PMID: 21362131 PMCID: PMC3823291 DOI: 10.1111/j.1582-4934.2011.01294.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2010] [Accepted: 02/22/2011] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Vascular calcification is prevalent in patients with chronic kidney disease and leads to increased cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. Although several reports have implicated mitochondrial dysfunction in cardiovascular disease and chronic kidney disease, little is known about the potential role of mitochondrial dysfunction in the process of vascular calcification. This study investigated the effect of α-lipoic acid (ALA), a naturally occurring antioxidant that improves mitochondrial function, on vascular calcification in vitro and in vivo. Calcifying vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) treated with inorganic phosphate (Pi) exhibited mitochondrial dysfunction, as demonstrated by decreased mitochondrial membrane potential and ATP production, the disruption of mitochondrial structural integrity and concurrently increased production of reactive oxygen species. These Pi-induced functional and structural mitochondrial defects were accompanied by mitochondria-dependent apoptotic events, including release of cytochrome c from the mitochondria into the cytosol, subsequent activation of caspase-9 and -3, and chromosomal DNA fragmentation. Intriguingly, ALA blocked the Pi-induced VSMC apoptosis and calcification by recovery of mitochondrial function and intracellular redox status. Moreover, ALA inhibited Pi-induced down-regulation of cell survival signals through the binding of growth arrest-specific gene 6 (Gas6) to its cognate receptor Axl and subsequent Akt activation, resulting in increased survival and decreased apoptosis. Finally, ALA significantly ameliorated vitamin D(3) -induced aortic calcification and mitochondrial damage in mice. Collectively, the findings suggest ALA attenuates vascular calcification by inhibiting VSMC apoptosis through two distinct mechanisms; preservation of mitochondrial function via its antioxidant potential and restoration of the Gas6/Axl/Akt survival pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyunsoo Kim
- Department of Microbiology, Aging-associated Vascular Disease Research Center, Yeungnam University College of MedicineDaegu, Korea
| | - Han-Jong Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Biochemistry and Cell Biology, WCU Program, Research Institute for Aging and Metabolism, Kyungpook National University School of MedicineDaegu, Korea
| | - Kyunghee Lee
- Department of Microbiology, Aging-associated Vascular Disease Research Center, Yeungnam University College of MedicineDaegu, Korea
| | - Jin-Man Kim
- Department of Microbiology, Aging-associated Vascular Disease Research Center, Yeungnam University College of MedicineDaegu, Korea
| | - Hee Sun Kim
- Department of Microbiology, Aging-associated Vascular Disease Research Center, Yeungnam University College of MedicineDaegu, Korea
| | - Jae-Ryong Kim
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Aging-associated Vascular Disease Research Center, Yeungnam University College of MedicineDaegu, Korea
| | - Chae-Myeong Ha
- Department of Internal Medicine, Biochemistry and Cell Biology, WCU Program, Research Institute for Aging and Metabolism, Kyungpook National University School of MedicineDaegu, Korea
| | - Young-Keun Choi
- Department of Internal Medicine, Biochemistry and Cell Biology, WCU Program, Research Institute for Aging and Metabolism, Kyungpook National University School of MedicineDaegu, Korea
| | - Sun Joo Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, Biochemistry and Cell Biology, WCU Program, Research Institute for Aging and Metabolism, Kyungpook National University School of MedicineDaegu, Korea
| | - Joon-Young Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Biochemistry and Cell Biology, WCU Program, Research Institute for Aging and Metabolism, Kyungpook National University School of MedicineDaegu, Korea
| | - Robert A Harris
- Department of Internal Medicine, Biochemistry and Cell Biology, WCU Program, Research Institute for Aging and Metabolism, Kyungpook National University School of MedicineDaegu, Korea
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Indiana University School of Medicine, IndianapolisIN, USA
| | - Daewon Jeong
- Department of Microbiology, Aging-associated Vascular Disease Research Center, Yeungnam University College of MedicineDaegu, Korea
| | - In-Kyu Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, Biochemistry and Cell Biology, WCU Program, Research Institute for Aging and Metabolism, Kyungpook National University School of MedicineDaegu, Korea
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Hwang MH, Lee SW, Kim JE, Lee HW, Jeon YH, Ha JH, Ahn BC, Lee J. Enhanced antiproliferative effects of combination hexokinase II shRNA and NIS gene therapy on vascular smooth muscle cells. Nucl Med Biol 2011; 39:269-78. [PMID: 21958856 DOI: 10.1016/j.nucmedbio.2011.07.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2011] [Revised: 07/10/2011] [Accepted: 07/23/2011] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION This study was designed to determine the antiproliferative effects of combination gene therapy using sodium iodide symporter (NIS)-based radioiodine and lentivirus-mediated short hairpin RNA (shRNA) against hexokinase II (HKII) on vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs). METHODS A7r5 rat VSMCs were stably transfected with a dual-expression vector of NIS and Fluc (A7r5-NL cells). Functional assessment was performed by radioiodine uptake assay, luciferase assay and confocal microscopy. After exposure to lentivirus-HKII-shRNA, the (18)F-FDG uptake test and HK activity assay were performed. The effects of combination therapy with (131)I and lentivirus-HKII-shRNA on VSMCs were assessed with an in vitro clonogenic assay. In vivo bioluminescence and nuclear imaging were undertaken using a xenografted mouse model. RESULTS In vitro functional assessment confirmed expression of NIS and Fluc genes in A7r5-NL, but not in parent A7r5 cells. Transfection of lentivirus-HKII-shRNA resulted in a significant decrease in messenger RNA expression of the HKII gene, (18)F-FDG uptake and HK activity. The cell survival rate of A7r5-NL decreased to 61.9% and 90.5% by single therapy with 7.4 MBq of (131)I or lentivirus-HKII-shRNA, respectively, and further decreased to 42.9% by combined therapy (P<.05). In vivo bioluminescent and gamma camera images clearly demonstrated optical signals and (99m)Tc pertechnetate uptake at the site of A7r5-NL cell inoculation in nude mice. CONCLUSION The enhanced antiproliferative effect on VSMCs was achieved by a combination of NIS-based radioiodine and lentivirus-mediated HKII shRNA gene therapy. Successful demonstration of in vivo dual reporter gene imaging assures the potential for further application in an animal model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mi-Hye Hwang
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 700-721, Republic of Korea
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Weakley SM, Wang X, Mu H, Lü J, Lin PH, Yao Q, Chen C. Ginkgolide A-gold nanoparticles inhibit vascular smooth muscle proliferation and migration in vitro and reduce neointimal hyperplasia in a mouse model. J Surg Res 2011; 171:31-9. [PMID: 21571322 DOI: 10.1016/j.jss.2011.03.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2011] [Revised: 02/17/2011] [Accepted: 03/04/2011] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Neointimal formation is mediated by phenotypic changes in vascular smooth muscle cells (SMC) and is an important mediator of restenosis following arterial reconstruction. We conjugated antioxidant ginkgolide A (GA) to gold nanoparticles (GNP) to determine the effect of GA delivery on neointimal formation. MATERIALS AND METHODS GA was conjugated to 80 nm GNP in an overnight incubation. Mouse P53LMAC01 vascular SMC were treated with various doses of GA-GNP, GA alone, GNP alone, and no treatment control. Cell proliferation and migration were analyzed, and superoxide anion levels and the phosphorylation status of ERK1/2 were determined. Mice underwent ligation of the common carotid artery along with local treatment with GNP (control) or GA-GNP. The carotid artery was harvested and subjected to immunohistochemical analysis. RESULTS GA-GNP treatment significantly inhibited SMC proliferation and migration in vitro in comparison to GNP treatment alone, and the effect persisted for up to 72 h after treatment. Treatment with GA-GNP also reduced superoxide anion levels in vitro. PDGF-BB substantially induced ERK1/2 phosphorylation in GNP control cells; this PDGE-BB induced ERK1/2 phosphorylation was significantly inhibited in GA-GNP-treated cells compared with GNP only. GA-GNP significantly reduced neointimal hyperplasia after injury in mice, and proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) staining was reduced substantially in the arteries of mice treated with GA-GNP. CONCLUSIONS GA-GNP reduce vascular SMC proliferation and migration in vitro through reduced activation of ERK1/2. Local treatment with GA-GNP in areas of arterial injury reduced neointimal hyperplasia and subsequent stenosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah M Weakley
- Molecular Surgeon Research Center, Division of Vascular Surgery and Endovascular Therapy, Michael E. DeBakey Department of Surgery, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
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42
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Choi Y. Evolving Coronary Stents Coated With New Bioactive Agents. Korean Circ J 2011; 41:233-4. [PMID: 21731562 PMCID: PMC3116099 DOI: 10.4070/kcj.2011.41.5.233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Yunseok Choi
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
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