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Hudkins M, Hamilton H, Underwood SJ, Kazmierczak DE, Dewey EN, Kazmierczak SC, Messer WB, Khan A, Schreiber MA, Farrell DH. Extreme γ' fibrinogen levels in COVID-19 patients. Blood Cells Mol Dis 2024; 107:102856. [PMID: 38762921 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcmd.2024.102856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2024] [Revised: 04/24/2024] [Accepted: 04/25/2024] [Indexed: 05/21/2024]
Abstract
COVID-19 disease progression can be accompanied by a "cytokine storm" that leads to secondary sequelae such as acute respiratory distress syndrome. Several inflammatory cytokines have been associated with COVID-19 disease progression, but have high daily intra-individual variability. In contrast, we have shown that the inflammatory biomarker γ' fibrinogen (GPF) has a 6-fold lower coefficient of variability compared to other inflammatory markers such as hs-CRP. The aims of the study were to measure GPF in serial blood samples from COVID-19 patients at a tertiary care medical center in order to investigate its association with clinical measures of disease progression. COVID-19 patients were retrospectively enrolled between 3/16/2020 and 8/1/2020. GPF was measured using a commercial ELISA. We found that COVID-19 patients can develop extraordinarily high levels of GPF. Our results showed that ten out of the eighteen patients with COVID-19 had the highest levels of GPF ever recorded. The previous highest GPF level of 80.3 mg/dL was found in a study of 10,601 participants in the ARIC study. GPF levels were significantly associated with the need for ECMO and mortality. These findings have potential implications regarding prophylactic anticoagulation of COVID-19 patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew Hudkins
- Department of Pediatrics, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA
| | - Heather Hamilton
- Department of Surgery, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA
| | - Samantha J Underwood
- Department of Surgery, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA
| | - Diana E Kazmierczak
- Department of Pathology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA
| | - Elizabeth N Dewey
- Department of Surgery, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA
| | - Steven C Kazmierczak
- Department of Pathology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA
| | - William B Messer
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA
| | - Akram Khan
- Department of Medicine, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA
| | - Martin A Schreiber
- Department of Surgery, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA
| | - David H Farrell
- Department of Surgery, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA.
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2
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Giriyappagoudar M, Vastrad B, Horakeri R, Vastrad C. Study on Potential Differentially Expressed Genes in Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis by Bioinformatics and Next-Generation Sequencing Data Analysis. Biomedicines 2023; 11:3109. [PMID: 38137330 PMCID: PMC10740779 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11123109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2023] [Revised: 10/31/2023] [Accepted: 11/02/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a chronic progressive lung disease with reduced quality of life and earlier mortality, but its pathogenesis and key genes are still unclear. In this investigation, bioinformatics was used to deeply analyze the pathogenesis of IPF and related key genes, so as to investigate the potential molecular pathogenesis of IPF and provide guidance for clinical treatment. Next-generation sequencing dataset GSE213001 was obtained from Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO), and the differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified between IPF and normal control group. The DEGs between IPF and normal control group were screened with the DESeq2 package of R language. The Gene Ontology (GO) and REACTOME pathway enrichment analyses of the DEGs were performed. Using the g:Profiler, the function and pathway enrichment analyses of DEGs were performed. Then, a protein-protein interaction (PPI) network was constructed via the Integrated Interactions Database (IID) database. Cytoscape with Network Analyzer was used to identify the hub genes. miRNet and NetworkAnalyst databaseswereused to construct the targeted microRNAs (miRNAs), transcription factors (TFs), and small drug molecules. Finally, receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis was used to validate the hub genes. A total of 958 DEGs were screened out in this study, including 479 up regulated genes and 479 down regulated genes. Most of the DEGs were significantly enriched in response to stimulus, GPCR ligand binding, microtubule-based process, and defective GALNT3 causes HFTC. In combination with the results of the PPI network, miRNA-hub gene regulatory network and TF-hub gene regulatory network, hub genes including LRRK2, BMI1, EBP, MNDA, KBTBD7, KRT15, OTX1, TEKT4, SPAG8, and EFHC2 were selected. Cyclothiazide and rotigotinethe are predicted small drug molecules for IPF treatment. Our findings will contribute to identification of potential biomarkers and novel strategies for the treatment of IPF, and provide a novel strategy for clinical therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muttanagouda Giriyappagoudar
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Karnataka Institute of Medical Sciences (KIMS), Hubballi 580022, Karnataka, India;
| | - Basavaraj Vastrad
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, K.L.E. Socitey’s College of Pharmacy, Gadag 582101, Karnataka, India;
| | - Rajeshwari Horakeri
- Department of Computer Science, Govt First Grade College, Hubballi 580032, Karnataka, India;
| | - Chanabasayya Vastrad
- Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Chanabasava Nilaya, Bharthinagar, Dharwad 580001, Karnataka, India
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3
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Ząbczyk M, Ariëns RAS, Undas A. Fibrin clot properties in cardiovascular disease: from basic mechanisms to clinical practice. Cardiovasc Res 2023; 119:94-111. [PMID: 36662542 PMCID: PMC10377755 DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvad017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2022] [Revised: 10/28/2022] [Accepted: 11/14/2022] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Fibrinogen conversion into insoluble fibrin and the formation of a stable clot is the final step of the coagulation cascade. Fibrin clot porosity and its susceptibility to plasmin-mediated lysis are the key fibrin measures, describing the properties of clots prepared ex vivo from citrated plasma. Cardiovascular disease (CVD), referring to coronary heart disease, heart failure, stroke, and hypertension, has been shown to be associated with the formation of dense fibrin networks that are relatively resistant to lysis. Denser fibrin mesh characterized acute patients at the onset of myocardial infarction or ischaemic stroke, while hypofibrinolysis has been identified as a persistent fibrin feature in patients following thrombotic events or in those with stable coronary artery disease. Traditional cardiovascular risk factors, such as smoking, diabetes mellitus, hyperlipidaemia, obesity, and hypertension, have also been linked with unfavourably altered fibrin clot properties, while some lifestyle modifications and pharmacological treatment, in particular statins and anticoagulants, may improve fibrin structure and function. Prospective studies have suggested that prothrombotic fibrin clot phenotype can predict cardiovascular events in short- and long-term follow-ups. Mutations and splice variants of the fibrinogen molecule that have been proved to be associated with thrombophilia or increased cardiovascular risk, along with fibrinogen post-translational modifications, prothrombotic state, inflammation, platelet activation, and neutrophil extracellular traps formation, contribute also to prothrombotic fibrin clot phenotype. Moreover, about 500 clot-bound proteins have been identified within plasma fibrin clots, including fibronectin, α2-antiplasmin, factor XIII, complement component C3, and histidine-rich glycoprotein. This review summarizes the current knowledge on the mechanisms underlying unfavourable fibrin clot properties and their implications in CVD and its thrombo-embolic manifestations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michał Ząbczyk
- Thromboembolic Disorders Department, Institute of Cardiology, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 80 Pradnicka St, 31-202 Krakow, Poland
- Krakow Center for Medical Research and Technologies, John Paul II Hospital, Krakow, Poland
| | - Robert A S Ariëns
- Discovery and Translational Science Department, Leeds Institute of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | - Anetta Undas
- Thromboembolic Disorders Department, Institute of Cardiology, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 80 Pradnicka St, 31-202 Krakow, Poland
- Krakow Center for Medical Research and Technologies, John Paul II Hospital, Krakow, Poland
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4
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Dobson DA, Holle LA, Lin FC, Huffman JE, Luyendyk JP, Flick MJ, Smith NL, de Vries PS, Morrison AC, Wolberg AS. Novel genetic regulators of fibrinogen synthesis identified by an in vitro experimental platform. J Thromb Haemost 2023; 21:522-533. [PMID: 36696182 PMCID: PMC10111212 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtha.2022.10.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2022] [Revised: 10/06/2022] [Accepted: 10/26/2022] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Fibrinogen has an established, essential role in both coagulation and inflammatory pathways, and these processes are deeply intertwined in the development of thrombotic and atherosclerotic diseases. Previous studies aimed to better understand the (patho) physiological actions of fibrinogen by characterizing the genomic contribution to circulating fibrinogen levels. OBJECTIVES Establish an in vitro approach to define functional roles between genes within these loci and fibrinogen synthesis. METHODS Candidate genes were selected on the basis of their proximity to genetic variants associated with fibrinogen levels and expression in hepatocytes and HepG2 cells. HepG2 cells were transfected with small interfering RNAs targeting candidate genes and cultured in the absence or presence of the proinflammatory cytokine interleukin-6. Effects on fibrinogen protein production, gene expression, and cell growth were assessed by immunoblotting, real-time polymerase chain reaction, and cell counts, respectively. RESULTS HepG2 cells secreted fibrinogen, and stimulation with interleukin-6 increased fibrinogen production by 3.4 ± 1.2 fold. In the absence of interleukin-6, small interfering RNA knockdown of FGA, IL6R, or EEPD1 decreased fibrinogen production, and knockdown of LEPR, PDIA5, PLEC, SHANK3, or CPS1 increased production. In the presence of interleukin-6, knockdown of FGA, IL6R, or ATXN2L decreased fibrinogen production. Knockdown of FGA, IL6R, EEPD1, LEPR, PDIA5, PLEC, or CPS1 altered transcription of one or more fibrinogen genes. Knocking down ATXN2L suppressed inducible but not basal fibrinogen production via a post-transcriptional mechanism. CONCLUSIONS We established an in vitro platform to define the impact of select gene products on fibrinogen production. Genes identified in our screen may reveal cellular mechanisms that drive fibrinogen production as well as fibrin(ogen)-mediated (patho)physiological mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dre'Von A Dobson
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine and UNC Blood Research Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Lori A Holle
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine and UNC Blood Research Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Feng-Chang Lin
- Department of Biostatistics and North Carolina Translational and Clinical Sciences Institute, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | | | - James P Luyendyk
- Department of Pathobiology and Diagnostic Investigation, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - Matthew J Flick
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine and UNC Blood Research Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Nicholas L Smith
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Washington, Seattle WA, USA; Kaiser Permanente Washington Health Research Institute, Kaiser Permanente Washington, Seattle WA, USA; Seattle Epidemiologic Research and Information Center, Department of Veterans Affairs Office of Research and Development, Seattle WA, USA; Human Genetics Center, Department of Epidemiology, Human Genetics, and Environmental Sciences, School of Public Health, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Paul S de Vries
- Kaiser Permanente Washington Health Research Institute, Kaiser Permanente Washington, Seattle WA, USA
| | - Alanna C Morrison
- Kaiser Permanente Washington Health Research Institute, Kaiser Permanente Washington, Seattle WA, USA
| | - Alisa S Wolberg
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine and UNC Blood Research Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, NC, USA.
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5
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Rautenbach PH, Nienaber-Rousseau C, de Lange-Loots Z, Kruger IM, Pieters M. Associations Between 25-Hydroxyvitamin D and Total and γ' Fibrinogen and Plasma Clot Properties and Gene Interactions in a Group of Healthy Black South African Women. Front Cardiovasc Med 2022; 9:868542. [PMID: 35903674 PMCID: PMC9314774 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2022.868542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2022] [Accepted: 06/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The role of 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] in reducing the risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD) has been recognized, but the mechanisms involved are unclear. Researchers have discovered a link between vitamin D and fibrinogen. Until now, data on the relationship between vitamin D and the γ' splice variant of fibrinogen and fibrin clot characteristics remain unexplored. In this study, 25(OH)D, total and γ' fibrinogen, as well as turbidimetrically determined plasma clot properties, were quantified, and fibrinogen and FXIII SNPs were genotyped in 660 Black, apparently healthy South African women. Alarmingly, 16 and 45% of the women presented with deficient and insufficient 25(OH)D, respectively. Total fibrinogen and maximum absorbance (as a measure of clot density) correlated inversely, whereas γ' fibrinogen correlated positively with 25(OH)D. γ' fibrinogen increased whereas maximum absorbance decreased over the deficient, insufficient, and sufficient 25(OH)D categories before and after adjustment for confounders. 25(OH)D modulated the association of the SNPs regarding fibrinogen concentration and clot structure/properties, but did not stand after correction for false discovery rate. Because only weak relationships were detected, the clinical significance of the findings are questionable and remain to be determined. However, we recommend vitamin D fortification and supplementation to reduce the high prevalence of this micronutrient deficiency and possibly to improve fibrinogen and plasma clot structure if the relationships are indeed clinically significant. There is a need for large cohort studies to demonstrate the relationship between vitamin D and cardiovascular and inflammatory risk factors as well as to uncover the molecular mechanisms responsible.
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Affiliation(s)
- Petro H. Rautenbach
- Centre of Excellence for Nutrition, North-West University, Potchefstroom, South Africa
| | - Cornelie Nienaber-Rousseau
- Centre of Excellence for Nutrition, North-West University, Potchefstroom, South Africa
- Medical Research Council Unit for Hypertension and Cardiovascular Disease, North-West University, Potchefstroom, South Africa
- *Correspondence: Cornelie Nienaber-Rousseau
| | - Zelda de Lange-Loots
- Centre of Excellence for Nutrition, North-West University, Potchefstroom, South Africa
- Medical Research Council Unit for Hypertension and Cardiovascular Disease, North-West University, Potchefstroom, South Africa
| | - Iolanthé M. Kruger
- Africa Unit for Transdisciplinary Health Research (AUTHeR), North-West University, Potchefstroom, South Africa
| | - Marlien Pieters
- Centre of Excellence for Nutrition, North-West University, Potchefstroom, South Africa
- Medical Research Council Unit for Hypertension and Cardiovascular Disease, North-West University, Potchefstroom, South Africa
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6
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Surma S, Banach M. Fibrinogen and Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Diseases-Review of the Literature and Clinical Studies. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 23:ijms23010193. [PMID: 35008616 PMCID: PMC8745133 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23010193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2021] [Revised: 12/17/2021] [Accepted: 12/21/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Atherosclerotic cardiovascular diseases (ASCVD), including coronary artery disease, cerebrovascular disease, and peripheral arterial disease, represent a significant cause of premature death worldwide. Biomarkers, the evaluation of which would allow the detection of ASCVD at the earliest stage of development, are intensively sought. Moreover, from a clinical point of view, a valuable biomarker should also enable the assessment of the patient’s prognosis. It has been known for many years that the concentration of fibrinogen in plasma increases, inter alia, in patients with ASCVD. On the one hand, an increased plasma fibrinogen concentration may be the cause of the development of atherosclerotic lesions (increased risk of atherothrombosis); on the other hand, it may be a biomarker of ASCVD, as it is an acute phase protein. In addition, a number of genetic polymorphisms and post-translational modifications of fibrinogen were demonstrated that may contribute to the risk of ASCVD. This review summarizes the current data on the importance of fibrinogen as a biomarker of ASCVD, and also presents the relationship between molecular modifications of this protein in the context of ASCVD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stanisław Surma
- Faculty of Medical Sciences in Katowice, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, 40-752 Katowice, Poland;
- Club of Young Hypertensiologists, Polish Society of Hypertension, 80-952 Gdansk, Poland
| | - Maciej Banach
- Department of Preventive Cardiology and Lipidology, Medical University of Lodz, 93-338 Lodz, Poland
- Cardiovascular Research Centre, University of Zielona Gora, 65-417 Zielona Gora, Poland
- Department of Cardiology and Adult Congenital Heart Diseases, Polish Mother’s Memorial Hospital Research Institute (PMMHRI), 93-338 Lodz, Poland
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +48-422-711-124
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7
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Bronić A, Ferenčak G, Bernat R, Leniček-Krleža J, Dumić J, Dabelić S. Association of fibrinogen and plasmin inhibitor, but not coagulation factor XIII gene polymorphisms with coronary artery disease. J Med Biochem 2021; 40:138-149. [PMID: 33776563 PMCID: PMC7982289 DOI: 10.5937/jomb0-26839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2020] [Accepted: 08/26/2020] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In the final phase of clot formation, fibrinogen constitutes frame, whereas factor XIII (FXIII) active form is responsible for the covalent cross-linking of fibrin fibres and plasmin inhibitor (PI), thus contributing to clot stability. It could be expected that any change of coagulation factors' structure affects the clot formation and modulates the atherothrombotic risk. The aim was to determine the frequency of four single nucleotide polymorphisms: (i) A > G in codon 312 of the fibrinogen α-chain gene (rs6050, Thr312AlaFGA), (ii) C > T at position 10034 of the 3 - untranslated region in the fibrinogen γ-chain gene (rs2066865, 10034C > T FGG), (iii) C > T in codon 564 of the FXIII-A subunit gene (rs5982, Pro564LeuFXIII-A), and (iv) C > T in codon 6 of the plasmin inhibitor gene (rs2070863, Arg6TrpPI) in Croatian patients and their association with coronary artery disease (CAD). METHODS We performed the unrelated case-control association study on the consecutive sample of patients 18 years old, who had undergone coronary angiography for investigation of chest pain and suspected CAD. The cases were patients with confirmed CAD (N=201), and the controls were the subjects with no CAD (N=119). Samples were genotyped using PCR-RFLP analysis. RESULTS Observed frequencies of the rare alleles of Thr312Ala FGA, 10034C > T FGG, Leu564Pro FXIII-A and Arg6Trp PI polymorphisms were 21%, 17%, 14%, 20%, respectively. Patients with 10034C > T FGG CC genotype had 3.5 times (95% CI 1.02-12.03) higher adjusted odds for CAD than patients with 10034C > T FGG TT genotype. Patients with Arg6Trp PI CC genotype had 3.86 times (95% CI 1.23-12.12) higher odds for CAD than patients with Arg6Trp PI TT genotype. It seems that those genotype-related higher odds are also male-gender related. No difference was observed regarding any other investigated polymorphism. CONCLUSIONS Our finding suggests that 10034C > T FGG and Arg6Trp PI are associated with CAD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Bronić
- Sestre Milosrdnice University Hospital Centre, Clinical Institute of Chemistry, Department for Laboratory Diagnostics in Traumatology and Orthopaedics, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Goran Ferenčak
- Medicol Outpatients Clinic, Department of Laboratory Diagnostics, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Robert Bernat
- Westpfalz-Klinikum GmbH, Department of Internal Medicine 2, Kaiserslautern, Germany
| | - Jasna Leniček-Krleža
- Children's Hospital Zagreb, Department of Laboratory Diagnostics, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Jerka Dumić
- University of Zagreb, Faculty of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Sanja Dabelić
- University of Zagreb, Faculty of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Zagreb, Croatia
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8
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Hulshof AM, Hemker HC, Spronk HMH, Henskens YMC, ten Cate H. Thrombin-Fibrin(ogen) Interactions, Host Defense and Risk of Thrombosis. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:2590. [PMID: 33806700 PMCID: PMC7961882 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22052590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2021] [Revised: 02/26/2021] [Accepted: 03/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Fibrinogen is a well-known risk factor for arterial and venous thrombosis. Its function is not restricted to clot formation, however, as it partakes in a complex interplay between thrombin, soluble plasma fibrinogen, and deposited fibrin matrices. Fibrinogen, like thrombin, participates predominantly in hemostasis to maintain vascular integrity, but executes some important pleiotropic effects: firstly, as observed in thrombin generation experiments, fibrin removes thrombin from free solution by adsorption. The adsorbed thrombin is protected from antithrombins, notably α2-macroglobulin, and remains physiologically active as it can activate factors V, VIII, and platelets. Secondly, immobilized fibrinogen or fibrin matrices activate monocytes/macrophages and neutrophils via Mac-1 interactions. Immobilized fibrin(ogen) thereby elicits a pro-inflammatory response with a reciprocal stimulating effect of the immune system on coagulation. In contrast, soluble fibrinogen prohibits recruitment of these immune cells. Thus, while fibrin matrices elicit a procoagulant response, both directly by protecting thrombin and indirectly through the immune system, high soluble fibrinogen levels might protect patients due to its immune diminutive function. The in vivo influence of the 'protective' plasma fibrinogen versus the 'pro-thrombotic' fibrin matrices on thrombosis should be explored in future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne-Marije Hulshof
- Central Diagnostic Laboratory, Maastricht University Medical Centre, 6229 HX Maastricht, The Netherlands;
- Department of Biochemistry, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht (CARIM), Maastricht University, 6200 MD Maastricht, The Netherlands;
| | - H. Coenraad Hemker
- Synapse Research Institute, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht, Maastricht University, 6200 MD Maastricht, The Netherlands;
| | - Henri M. H. Spronk
- Department of Biochemistry, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht (CARIM), Maastricht University, 6200 MD Maastricht, The Netherlands;
| | - Yvonne M. C. Henskens
- Central Diagnostic Laboratory, Maastricht University Medical Centre, 6229 HX Maastricht, The Netherlands;
| | - Hugo ten Cate
- Department of Biochemistry, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht (CARIM), Maastricht University, 6200 MD Maastricht, The Netherlands;
- Thrombosis Expert Centre Maastricht and Department of Internal Medicine, Section Vascular Medicine, Maastricht University Medical Centre, 6229 HX Maastricht, The Netherlands
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9
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Maners J, Gill D, Pankratz N, Laffan MA, Wolberg AS, de Maat MPM, Ligthart S, Tang W, Ward-Caviness CK, Fornage M, Debette S, Dichgans M, McKnight B, Boerwinkle E, Smith NL, Morrison AC, Dehghan A, de Vries PS. A Mendelian randomization of γ' and total fibrinogen levels in relation to venous thromboembolism and ischemic stroke. Blood 2020; 136:3062-3069. [PMID: 33367543 PMCID: PMC7770565 DOI: 10.1182/blood.2019004781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2020] [Accepted: 07/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Fibrinogen is a key component of the coagulation cascade, and variation in its circulating levels may contribute to thrombotic diseases, such as venous thromboembolism (VTE) and ischemic stroke. Gamma prime (γ') fibrinogen is an isoform of fibrinogen that has anticoagulant properties. We applied 2-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) to estimate the causal effect of total circulating fibrinogen and its isoform, γ' fibrinogen, on risk of VTE and ischemic stroke subtypes using summary statistics from genome-wide association studies. Genetic instruments for γ' fibrinogen and total fibrinogen were selected, and the inverse-variance weighted MR approach was used to estimate causal effects in the main analysis, complemented by sensitivity analyses that are more robust to the inclusion of pleiotropic variants, including MR-Egger, weighted median MR, and weighted mode MR. The main inverse-variance weighted MR estimates based on a combination of 16 genetic instruments for γ' fibrinogen and 75 genetic instruments for total fibrinogen indicated a protective effect of higher γ' fibrinogen and higher total fibrinogen on VTE risk. There was also a protective effect of higher γ' fibrinogen levels on cardioembolic and large artery stroke risk. Effect estimates were consistent across sensitivity analyses. Our results provide evidence to support effects of genetically determined γ' fibrinogen on VTE and ischemic stroke risk. Further research is needed to explore mechanisms underlying these effects and their clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jillian Maners
- Human Genetics Center, Department of Epidemiology, Human Genetics, and Environmental Sciences, School of Public Health, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX
| | - Dipender Gill
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Nathan Pankratz
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, School of Medicine, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN
| | - Michael A Laffan
- Centre for Haematology, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Alisa S Wolberg
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC
| | | | - Symen Ligthart
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Weihong Tang
- Division of Epidemiology and Community Health, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN
| | - Cavin K Ward-Caviness
- National Health and Environmental Effects Laboratory, US Environmental Protection Agency, Chapel Hill, NC
| | - Myriam Fornage
- The Brown Foundation Institute of Molecular Medicine, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX
| | - Stephanie Debette
- Stroke Research Group, Division of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
- Department of Neurology, Institute for Neurodegenerative Disease, Bordeaux University Hospital, Bordeaux, France
| | - Martin Dichgans
- Institute for Stroke and Dementia Research, University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, Munich, Germany
- Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy), Munich, Germany
| | - Barbara McKnight
- Human Genome Sequencing Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX
| | - Eric Boerwinkle
- Human Genetics Center, Department of Epidemiology, Human Genetics, and Environmental Sciences, School of Public Health, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA
| | - Nicholas L Smith
- Kaiser Permanente Washington Research Institute, Kaiser Permanente Washington, Seattle, WA
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA
- Seattle Epidemiologic Research and Information Center, Office of Research and Development, Department of Veteran Affairs, Seattle, WA
| | - Alanna C Morrison
- Human Genetics Center, Department of Epidemiology, Human Genetics, and Environmental Sciences, School of Public Health, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX
| | - Abbas Dehghan
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
- Medical Research Council-Public Health England (MRC-PHE) Centre for Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom; and
- UK Dementia Research Institute, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Paul S de Vries
- Human Genetics Center, Department of Epidemiology, Human Genetics, and Environmental Sciences, School of Public Health, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX
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10
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Zadeh FJ, Mohammadtaghizadeh M, Bahadori H, Saki N, Rezaeeyan H. The role of exogenous Fibrinogen in cardiac surgery: stop bleeding or induce cardiovascular disease. Mol Biol Rep 2020; 47:8189-8198. [PMID: 33026614 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-020-05880-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2020] [Accepted: 09/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The surgical treatment contributes to broad variety of cardiovascular diseases (CVD). Due to many involved factors in preoperative bleeding, it is almost difficult to perform better Haemostatic approach. Fibrinogen is a major blood glycoprotein and a coagulation factor which decreases postoperative bleeding. It has a potential role in platelet activation and bleeding inhibition; it may reflect the inflammatory responses and be related to the endothelial dysfunction. Fibrinogen can act as a pro-inflammatory element via increasing some inflammatory markers including IL-6, tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), monocyte chemo attractant protein (MCP-1), macrophage inflammatory protein-1 (MIP-1a and b), matrix metalloproteinase (MMP-1 and MMP-9) and Toll-like Receptors (TLRs); through activation of these factors, fibrinogen may induce some inflammatory mechanisms such as focal adhesion kinase (FAK), mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPK) and nuclear factor κB (NF-κB) pathways. It may cause endothelial dysfunction by increasing P and E-selection, intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) and vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1) levels which activate MAPK and NF-κB pathways. This factor is also associated with increased exocytosed von Willebrand factor (vWF) as well as activation of Rho-GTPase mechanism. All of these data demonstrate the dual role of fibrinogen in cardiac surgeries, bleeding inhibition and CVD. Therefore, identifying the CVD factors is helpful for designing preventive strategies and alternative drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatemeh Javaherforoosh Zadeh
- Department of Cardiac Anesthesia, Ahvaz Anesthesiology and Pain Research Center, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran.,Atherosclerosis Research Center, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | | | - Hojatolah Bahadori
- Department of Cardiac Anesthesia, Ahvaz Anesthesiology and Pain Research Center, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Najmaldin Saki
- Thalassemia and Hemoglobinopathy Research Center, Research Institute of Health, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Hadi Rezaeeyan
- Thalassemia and Hemoglobinopathy Research Center, Research Institute of Health, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran. .,High Institute for Education and Research in Transfusion Medicine, Tehran, Iran.
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11
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Fabian FM, Ismail AE, Wang O, Lei Y, Velander WH. Reversible associations between human plasma fibronectin and fibrinogen γγ’ heterodimer observed by high pressure size exclusion chromatography and dynamic light scattering. Anal Biochem 2020; 598:113701. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ab.2020.113701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2019] [Revised: 03/25/2020] [Accepted: 03/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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12
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Harshfield EL, Sims MC, Traylor M, Ouwehand WH, Markus HS. The role of haematological traits in risk of ischaemic stroke and its subtypes. Brain 2020; 143:210-221. [PMID: 31755939 PMCID: PMC6935746 DOI: 10.1093/brain/awz362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2019] [Revised: 09/05/2019] [Accepted: 09/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Thrombosis and platelet activation play a central role in stroke pathogenesis, and antiplatelet and anticoagulant therapies are central to stroke prevention. However, whether haematological traits contribute equally to all ischaemic stroke subtypes is uncertain. Furthermore, identification of associations with new traits may offer novel treatment opportunities. The aim of this research was to ascertain causal relationships between a wide range of haematological traits and ischaemic stroke and its subtypes. We obtained summary statistics from 27 published genome-wide association studies of haematological traits involving over 375 000 individuals, and genetic associations with stroke from the MEGASTROKE Consortium (n = 67 000 stroke cases). Using two-sample Mendelian randomization we analysed the association of genetically elevated levels of 36 blood cell traits (platelets, mature/immature red cells, and myeloid/lymphoid/compound white cells) and 49 haemostasis traits (including clotting cascade factors and markers of platelet function) with risk of developing ischaemic (AIS), cardioembolic (CES), large artery (LAS), and small vessel stroke (SVS). Several factors on the intrinsic clotting pathway were significantly associated (P < 3.85 × 10-4) with CES and LAS, but not with SVS (e.g. reduced factor VIII activity with AIS/CES/LAS; raised factor VIII antigen with AIS/CES; and increased factor XI activity with AIS/CES). On the common pathway, increased gamma (γ') fibrinogen was significantly associated with AIS/CES. Furthermore, elevated plateletcrit was significantly associated with AIS/CES, eosinophil percentage of white cells with LAS, and thrombin-activatable fibrinolysis inhibitor activation peptide antigen with AIS. We also conducted a follow-up analysis in UK Biobank, which showed that amongst individuals with atrial fibrillation, those with genetically lower levels of factor XI are at reduced risk of AIS compared to those with normal levels of factor XI. These results implicate components of the intrinsic and common pathways of the clotting cascade, as well as several other haematological traits, in the pathogenesis of CES and possibly LAS, but not SVS. The lack of associations with SVS suggests thrombosis may be less important for this stroke subtype. Plateletcrit and factor XI are potentially tractable new targets for secondary prevention of ischaemic stroke, while factor VIII and γ' fibrinogen require further population-based studies to ascertain their possible aetiological roles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric L Harshfield
- Stroke Research Group, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Matthew C Sims
- Department of Haematology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Oxford Haemophilia and Thrombosis Centre, Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, Oxford, UK
| | - Matthew Traylor
- Stroke Research Group, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Clinical Pharmacology, William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Willem H Ouwehand
- Department of Haematology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- National Health Service (NHS) Blood and Transplant, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, UK
- British Heart Foundation Cambridge Centre of Research Excellence, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Department of Human Genetics, Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton, UK
- National Institute for Health Research Blood and Transplant Research Unit in Donor Health and Genomics, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Hugh S Markus
- Stroke Research Group, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
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13
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Chen J, Diamond SL. Reduced model to predict thrombin and fibrin during thrombosis on collagen/tissue factor under venous flow: Roles of γ'-fibrin and factor XIa. PLoS Comput Biol 2019; 15:e1007266. [PMID: 31381558 PMCID: PMC6695209 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pcbi.1007266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2019] [Revised: 08/15/2019] [Accepted: 07/08/2019] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
During thrombosis, thrombin generates fibrin, however fibrin reversibly binds thrombin with low affinity E-domain sites (KD = 2.8 μM) and high affinity γ’-fibrin sites (KD = 0.1 μM). For blood clotting on collagen/tissue factor (1 TF-molecule/μm2) at 200 s-1 wall shear rate, high μM-levels of intraclot thrombin suggest robust prothrombin penetration into clots. Setting intraclot zymogen concentrations to plasma levels (and neglecting cofactor rate limitations) allowed the linearization of 7 Michaelis-Menton reactions between 6 species to simulate intraclot generation of: Factors FXa (via TF/VIIa or FIXa), FIXa (via TF/FVIIa or FXIa), thrombin, fibrin, and FXIa. This reduced model [7 rates, 2 KD’s, enzyme half-lives~1 min] predicted the measured clot elution rate of thrombin-antithrombin (TAT) and fragment F1.2 in the presence and absence of the fibrin inhibitor Gly-Pro-Arg-Pro. To predict intraclot fibrin reaching 30 mg/mL by 15 min, the model required fibrinogen penetration into the clot to be strongly diffusion-limited (actual rate/ideal rate = 0.05). The model required free thrombin in the clot (~100 nM) to have an elution half-life of ~2 sec, consistent with measured albumin elution, with most thrombin (>99%) being fibrin-bound. Thrombin-feedback activation of FXIa became prominent and reached 5 pM FXIa at >500 sec in the simulation, consistent with anti-FXIa experiments. In predicting intrathrombus thrombin and fibrin during 15-min microfluidic experiments, the model revealed “cascade amplification” from 30 pM levels of intrinsic tenase to 15 nM prothrombinase to 15 μM thrombin to 90 μM fibrin. Especially useful for multiscale simulation, this reduced model predicts thrombin and fibrin co-regulation during thrombosis under flow. During blood clotting events, a complex series of reaction are involved. Simulation gives insights to the concentration of different enzymes which are at too low of concentration to be detected. However, the models are often large and difficult to solve for clotting under flow conditions. With a thin film approximation, we were able to simplify clotting under flow with parameters from literature, with only 3 adjusted in order to fit the experimental data. This model gave insights into the dynamics of the species involved, and the roles of γ’-fibrin and thrombin feedback activation. This reduced model may be useful in further multiscale simulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason Chen
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Institute for Medicine and Engineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Scott L. Diamond
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Institute for Medicine and Engineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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14
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de Haan HG, van Hylckama Vlieg A, Lotta LA, Gorski MM, Bucciarelli P, Martinelli I, Baglin TP, Peyvandi F, Rosendaal FR. Targeted sequencing to identify novel genetic risk factors for deep vein thrombosis: a study of 734 genes. J Thromb Haemost 2018; 16:2432-2441. [PMID: 30168256 PMCID: PMC6467059 DOI: 10.1111/jth.14279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Essentials Deep vein thrombosis (DVT) has a large unknown genetic component. We sequenced coding areas of 734 hemostasis-related genes in 899 DVT patients and 599 controls. Variants in F5, FGA-FGG, CYP4V2-KLKB1-F11, and ABO were associated with DVT risk. Associations in KLKB1 and F5 suggest a more complex genetic architecture than previously thought. SUMMARY: Background Although several genetic risk factors for deep vein thrombosis (DVT) are known, almost all related to hemostasis, a large genetic component remains unexplained. Objectives To identify novel genetic determinants by using targeted DNA sequencing. Patients/Methods We included 899 DVT patients and 599 controls from three case-control studies (DVT-Milan, Multiple Environmental and Genetic Assessment of risk factors for venous thrombosis [MEGA], and the Thrombophilia, Hypercoagulability and Environmental Risks in Venous Thromboembolism [THE-VTE] study) for sequencing of the coding regions of 734 genes involved in hemostasis or related pathways. We performed single-variant association tests for common variants (minor allele frequency [MAF] ≥ 1%) and gene-based tests for rare variants (MAF ≤ 1%), accounting for multiple testing by use of the false discovery rate (FDR). Results Sixty-two of 3617 common variants were associated with DVT risk (FDR < 0.10). Most of these mapped to F5,ABO,FGA-FGG, and CYP4V2-KLKB1-F11. The lead variant at F5 was rs6672595 (odds ratio [OR] 1.58, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.29-1.92), in moderate linkage with the known variant rs4524. Reciprocal conditional analyses suggested that intronic variation might drive this association. We also observed a secondary association at the F11 region: missense KLKB1 variant rs3733402 remained associated conditional on known variants rs2039614 and rs2289252 (OR 1.36, 95% CI 1.10-1.69). Two novel variant associations were observed, in CBS and MASP1, but these were not replicated in the meta-analysis data from the International Network against Thrombosis (INVENT) consortium. There was no support for a burden of rare variants contributing to DVT risk (FDR > 0.2). Conclusions We confirmed associations between DVT and common variants in F5,ABO,FGA-FGG, and CYP4V2-KLKB1-F11, and observed secondary signals in F5 and CYP4V2-KLKB1-F11 that warrant replication and fine-mapping in larger studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- H G de Haan
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - A van Hylckama Vlieg
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - L A Lotta
- Angelo Bianchi Bonomi Hemophilia and Thrombosis Center, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda - Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Università degli Studi di Milano and Fondazione Luigi Villa, Milan, Italy
| | - M M Gorski
- Angelo Bianchi Bonomi Hemophilia and Thrombosis Center, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda - Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Università degli Studi di Milano and Fondazione Luigi Villa, Milan, Italy
| | - P Bucciarelli
- Angelo Bianchi Bonomi Hemophilia and Thrombosis Center, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda - Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Università degli Studi di Milano and Fondazione Luigi Villa, Milan, Italy
| | - I Martinelli
- Angelo Bianchi Bonomi Hemophilia and Thrombosis Center, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda - Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Università degli Studi di Milano and Fondazione Luigi Villa, Milan, Italy
| | - T P Baglin
- Cambridge Haemophilia and Thrombophilia Centre, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge University Hospitals National Health Service Foundation Trust, Cambridge, UK
| | - F Peyvandi
- Angelo Bianchi Bonomi Hemophilia and Thrombosis Center, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda - Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Università degli Studi di Milano and Fondazione Luigi Villa, Milan, Italy
| | - F R Rosendaal
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
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15
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Guedes AF, Carvalho FA, Domingues MM, Macrae FL, McPherson HR, Sabban A, Martins IC, Duval C, Santos NC, Ariëns RA. Impact of γ'γ' fibrinogen interaction with red blood cells on fibrin clots. Nanomedicine (Lond) 2018; 13:2491-2505. [PMID: 30311540 DOI: 10.2217/nnm-2018-0136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM γ' fibrinogen has been associated with thrombosis. Here the interactions between γ'γ' or γAγA fibrinogen and red blood cells (RBCs), and their role on fibrin clot properties were studied. MATERIALS & METHODS Atomic Force microscopy (AFM)-based force spectroscopy, rheological, electron and confocal microscopy, and computational approaches were conducted for both fibrinogen variants. RESULTS & CONCLUSION AFM shows that the recombinant human (rh)γ'γ' fibrinogen increases the binding force and the frequency of the binding to RBCs compared with rhγAγA, promoting cell aggregation. Structural changes in rhγ'γ' fibrin clots, displaying a nonuniform fibrin network were shown by microscopy approaches. The presence of RBCs decreases the fibrinolysis rate and increases viscosity of rhγ'γ' fibrin clots. The full length of the γ' chain structure, revealed by computational analysis, occupies a much wider surface and is more flexible, allowing an increase of the binding between γ' fibers, and eventually with RBCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Filipa Guedes
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Professor Egas Moniz, 1649-028, Lisbon, Portugal
- Thrombosis & Tissue Repair Group, Discovery & Translational Science Department, Leeds Institute of Cardiovascular & Metabolic Medicine & Multidisciplinary Cardiovascular Centre, Faculty of Medicine & Health, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom
| | - Filomena A Carvalho
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Professor Egas Moniz, 1649-028, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Marco M Domingues
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Professor Egas Moniz, 1649-028, Lisbon, Portugal
- Thrombosis & Tissue Repair Group, Discovery & Translational Science Department, Leeds Institute of Cardiovascular & Metabolic Medicine & Multidisciplinary Cardiovascular Centre, Faculty of Medicine & Health, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom
| | - Fraser L Macrae
- Thrombosis & Tissue Repair Group, Discovery & Translational Science Department, Leeds Institute of Cardiovascular & Metabolic Medicine & Multidisciplinary Cardiovascular Centre, Faculty of Medicine & Health, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom
| | - Helen R McPherson
- Thrombosis & Tissue Repair Group, Discovery & Translational Science Department, Leeds Institute of Cardiovascular & Metabolic Medicine & Multidisciplinary Cardiovascular Centre, Faculty of Medicine & Health, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom
| | - Aliaa Sabban
- Thrombosis & Tissue Repair Group, Discovery & Translational Science Department, Leeds Institute of Cardiovascular & Metabolic Medicine & Multidisciplinary Cardiovascular Centre, Faculty of Medicine & Health, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom
| | - Ivo C Martins
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Professor Egas Moniz, 1649-028, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Cédric Duval
- Thrombosis & Tissue Repair Group, Discovery & Translational Science Department, Leeds Institute of Cardiovascular & Metabolic Medicine & Multidisciplinary Cardiovascular Centre, Faculty of Medicine & Health, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom
| | - Nuno C Santos
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Professor Egas Moniz, 1649-028, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Robert As Ariëns
- Thrombosis & Tissue Repair Group, Discovery & Translational Science Department, Leeds Institute of Cardiovascular & Metabolic Medicine & Multidisciplinary Cardiovascular Centre, Faculty of Medicine & Health, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom
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16
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Schreiner PJ, Appiah D, Folsom AR. Gamma prime (γ') fibrinogen and carotid intima-media thickness: the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities study. Blood Coagul Fibrinolysis 2017; 28:665-669. [PMID: 28885318 PMCID: PMC5865218 DOI: 10.1097/mbc.0000000000000659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
: We assessed if γ' fibrinogen, an isoform of fibrinogen, is independently associated with subclinical atherosclerosis beyond total fibrinogen in black and white men and women participating in the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities study. Fasting γ' fibrinogen was measured in 6847 Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities participants, ages 51-70 years, in 1993-1995. Carotid intima-media far wall thickness (CIMT) was measured by B-mode ultrasonography at the common, internal and bifurcation carotids. The association of γ' fibrinogen tertiles with overall and segment-specific mean CIMT was assessed with linear regression, controlling for fibrinogen as well as cardiovascular risk factors, including high-sensitivity C-reactive protein and D-dimer. γ' Fibrinogen values ranged from 8.0 to 80.3 mg/dl and were positively related to age, female sex, black race, smoking, BMI, lipids and SBP. Crude γ' fibrinogen was directly associated with all CIMT measures except for the internal carotid, but explained less than 1% of the variance in the associations. Adjustment for total fibrinogen eliminated these associations, and total fibrinogen remained an independent predictor of CIMT without explaining additional variance. Adjustment for potential confounding variables did not alter the observed associations, which did not differ by race or sex. In these cross-sectional data, γ' fibrinogen was not independently associated with CIMT when controlling for total fibrinogen. γ' Fibrinogen and total fibrinogen together explained a very small proportion of the variance in CIMT, regardless of the carotid site. If γ' fibrinogen adds to total fibrinogen's ability to predict subclinical atherosclerosis, it may be in younger populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pamela J. Schreiner
- Division of Epidemiology and Community Health, School of Public Health, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
| | - Duke Appiah
- Department of Public Health, Texas, USA
- Tech University Health Sciences Center, Abilene, Texas, USA
| | - Aaron R. Folsom
- Division of Epidemiology and Community Health, School of Public Health, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
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17
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Wu T, Wu HD, Xu ZX, Han F, Zhang BQ, Sun J, Hu SJ. Abnormal expression of long non-coding RNAs in myocardial infarction. Heart Vessels 2017; 32:1253-1261. [PMID: 28536831 DOI: 10.1007/s00380-017-0990-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2016] [Accepted: 05/12/2017] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Myocardial infarction (MI) is the leading cause of fatality worldwide. Our study aimed to investigate the dysregulated long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) in MI and elucidate the mechanism of it in MI. The lncRNA and mRNA expression profiling of the whole left ventricular tissue of MI mice model (8 mice) and Sham group (8 mice) was obtained based on microarray analysis. Differentially expressed lnRNAs/mRNA (DELs/DEMs) were identified in MI. DELs/DEMs co-expression network construction, gene ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) enrichment analysis were conducted to predict the biological functions of DEMs. Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) was subjected to validate the abnormally expressed DELs in left ventricular tissues of MI mice model. Total of 168 DELs (37 up- and 131 down-regulated) and 126 DEMs (87 up- and 39 down-regulated) were identified in MI compared with Sham group. The co-expression network of candidate DELs and DEMs was constructed, which covered 219 nodes and 1775 edges. The qRT-PCR validation results indicated that ENSMUST00000124047 was significantly down-regulated in MI group and AK166279 was significantly up-regulated in MI group. ENSMUST00000121611 and NR_015515 had the up-regulated tendency in MI group compared with Sham group. The DEMs in MI were significantly enriched in 41 signaling pathways including complement and coagulation cascades, cytokine-cytokine receptor interaction and chemokine signaling pathway. The expression profiling of dysregulated DELs in MI was identified. Our results might provide useful information for exploring the pathogenesis mechanism of MI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Wu
- Hangzhou JunKangYiDe Hospital, No.26 North Xueyuan Road, Hangzhou, 310011, Zhejiang Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Huan-Dong Wu
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, No. 79, Qingchun Road, ShangCheng District, Hangzhou, 310003, Zhejiang Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Zao-Xian Xu
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, No. 79, Qingchun Road, ShangCheng District, Hangzhou, 310003, Zhejiang Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Fei Han
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, No. 79, Qingchun Road, ShangCheng District, Hangzhou, 310003, Zhejiang Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Bi-Qi Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, No. 79, Qingchun Road, ShangCheng District, Hangzhou, 310003, Zhejiang Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Jian Sun
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, No. 79, Qingchun Road, ShangCheng District, Hangzhou, 310003, Zhejiang Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Shen-Jiang Hu
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, No. 79, Qingchun Road, ShangCheng District, Hangzhou, 310003, Zhejiang Province, People's Republic of China.
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18
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Franzén O, Ermel R, Cohain A, Akers NK, Di Narzo A, Talukdar HA, Foroughi-Asl H, Giambartolomei C, Fullard JF, Sukhavasi K, Köks S, Gan LM, Giannarelli C, Kovacic JC, Betsholtz C, Losic B, Michoel T, Hao K, Roussos P, Skogsberg J, Ruusalepp A, Schadt EE, Björkegren JLM. Cardiometabolic risk loci share downstream cis- and trans-gene regulation across tissues and diseases. Science 2016; 353:827-30. [PMID: 27540175 DOI: 10.1126/science.aad6970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 186] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2015] [Accepted: 07/22/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have identified hundreds of cardiometabolic disease (CMD) risk loci. However, they contribute little to genetic variance, and most downstream gene-regulatory mechanisms are unknown. We genotyped and RNA-sequenced vascular and metabolic tissues from 600 coronary artery disease patients in the Stockholm-Tartu Atherosclerosis Reverse Networks Engineering Task study (STARNET). Gene expression traits associated with CMD risk single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNPs) identified by GWAS were more extensively found in STARNET than in tissue- and disease-unspecific gene-tissue expression studies, indicating sharing of downstream cis-/trans-gene regulation across tissues and CMDs. In contrast, the regulatory effects of other GWAS risk SNPs were tissue-specific; abdominal fat emerged as an important gene-regulatory site for blood lipids, such as for the low-density lipoprotein cholesterol and coronary artery disease risk gene PCSK9 STARNET provides insights into gene-regulatory mechanisms for CMD risk loci, facilitating their translation into opportunities for diagnosis, therapy, and prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oscar Franzén
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, The Icahn Institute for Genomics and Multiscale Biology Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, One Gustave L. Levy Place, New York , NY 10029, USA. Clinical Gene Networks AB, Jungfrugatan 10, 114 44 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Raili Ermel
- Department of Pathophysiology, Institute of Biomedicine and Translation Medicine, University of Tartu, Biomeedikum, Ravila 19, 50411, Tartu, Estonia. Department of Cardiac Surgery, Tartu University Hospital, 1a Ludwig Puusepa Street, 50406 Tartu, Estonia
| | - Ariella Cohain
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, The Icahn Institute for Genomics and Multiscale Biology Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, One Gustave L. Levy Place, New York , NY 10029, USA
| | - Nicholas K Akers
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, The Icahn Institute for Genomics and Multiscale Biology Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, One Gustave L. Levy Place, New York , NY 10029, USA
| | - Antonio Di Narzo
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, The Icahn Institute for Genomics and Multiscale Biology Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, One Gustave L. Levy Place, New York , NY 10029, USA
| | - Husain A Talukdar
- Division of Vascular Biology, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, Scheeles Väg 2, 171 77 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Hassan Foroughi-Asl
- Division of Vascular Biology, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, Scheeles Väg 2, 171 77 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Claudia Giambartolomei
- Division of Psychiatric Genomics, Department of Psychiatry and Friedman Brain Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, One Gustave L. Levy Place, New York , NY 10029, USA
| | - John F Fullard
- Division of Psychiatric Genomics, Department of Psychiatry and Friedman Brain Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, One Gustave L. Levy Place, New York , NY 10029, USA
| | - Katyayani Sukhavasi
- Department of Pathophysiology, Institute of Biomedicine and Translation Medicine, University of Tartu, Biomeedikum, Ravila 19, 50411, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Sulev Köks
- Department of Pathophysiology, Institute of Biomedicine and Translation Medicine, University of Tartu, Biomeedikum, Ravila 19, 50411, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Li-Ming Gan
- Cardiovascular and Metabolic Diseases, Innovative Medicines and Early Development Biotech Unit, AstraZeneca, Pepparedsleden 1, Mölndal, 431 83, Sweden
| | - Chiara Giannarelli
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, The Icahn Institute for Genomics and Multiscale Biology Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, One Gustave L. Levy Place, New York , NY 10029, USA. Cardiovascular Research Center Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, One Gustave L. Levy Place, New York , NY 10029, USA
| | - Jason C Kovacic
- Cardiovascular Research Center Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, One Gustave L. Levy Place, New York , NY 10029, USA
| | - Christer Betsholtz
- AstraZeneca-Karolinska Integrated CardioMetabolic Centre (ICMC), Karolinska Institutet, Novum, Blickagången 6, 141 57 Huddinge, Sweden. Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology Dag Hammarskjölds Väg 20, 751 85 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Bojan Losic
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, The Icahn Institute for Genomics and Multiscale Biology Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, One Gustave L. Levy Place, New York , NY 10029, USA
| | - Tom Michoel
- Division of Genetics and Genomics, The Roslin Institute, University of Edinburgh, Old College, South Bridge, Edinburgh EH8 9YL, UK
| | - Ke Hao
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, The Icahn Institute for Genomics and Multiscale Biology Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, One Gustave L. Levy Place, New York , NY 10029, USA
| | - Panos Roussos
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, The Icahn Institute for Genomics and Multiscale Biology Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, One Gustave L. Levy Place, New York , NY 10029, USA. Division of Psychiatric Genomics, Department of Psychiatry and Friedman Brain Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, One Gustave L. Levy Place, New York , NY 10029, USA. Department of Psychiatry, J. J. Peters VA Medical Center, Mental Illness Research Education and Clinical Center (MIRECC), 130 West Kingsbridge Road, Bronx, NY 10468, USA
| | - Josefin Skogsberg
- Division of Vascular Biology, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, Scheeles Väg 2, 171 77 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Arno Ruusalepp
- Clinical Gene Networks AB, Jungfrugatan 10, 114 44 Stockholm, Sweden. Department of Pathophysiology, Institute of Biomedicine and Translation Medicine, University of Tartu, Biomeedikum, Ravila 19, 50411, Tartu, Estonia. Department of Cardiac Surgery, Tartu University Hospital, 1a Ludwig Puusepa Street, 50406 Tartu, Estonia
| | - Eric E Schadt
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, The Icahn Institute for Genomics and Multiscale Biology Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, One Gustave L. Levy Place, New York , NY 10029, USA
| | - Johan L M Björkegren
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, The Icahn Institute for Genomics and Multiscale Biology Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, One Gustave L. Levy Place, New York , NY 10029, USA. Clinical Gene Networks AB, Jungfrugatan 10, 114 44 Stockholm, Sweden. Department of Pathophysiology, Institute of Biomedicine and Translation Medicine, University of Tartu, Biomeedikum, Ravila 19, 50411, Tartu, Estonia. Division of Vascular Biology, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, Scheeles Väg 2, 171 77 Stockholm, Sweden.
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Appiah D, Heckbert SR, Cushman M, Psaty BM, Folsom AR. Lack of association of plasma gamma prime (γ') fibrinogen with incident cardiovascular disease. Thromb Res 2016; 143:50-2. [PMID: 27180117 DOI: 10.1016/j.thromres.2016.04.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2016] [Revised: 04/08/2016] [Accepted: 04/27/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The association of gamma prime (γ') fibrinogen; a fibrinogen γ chain variant generated via alternative mRNA processing, with cardiovascular disease (CVD) remains equivocal. We prospectively examine the association of plasma γ' fibrinogen with the incidence of multiple cardiovascular disease (CVD) endpoints, independent of established CVD risk factors and total fibrinogen. MATERIALS AND METHODS We measured plasma γ' fibrinogen on plasma samples collected in 1992-1993 from adults ≥65years (n=3219) enrolled in the Cardiovascular Health Study, who were followed through 2013 for incident CVD events. RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS In multivariable Cox models adjusted for traditional CVD risk factors and total fibrinogen, the hazard ratio per 1 standard deviation (10.7mg/dl) increment of γ' fibrinogen was 1.02 (95%CI: 0.95-1.10) for coronary heart disease; 0.88 (0.77-1.00) for ischemic stroke; 1.07 (0.87-1.32) for peripheral artery disease; 1.00 (0.92-1.08) for heart failure and 1.01 (0.92-1.10) for CVD mortality. Likewise, we failed to show a statistically significant association of γ'/total fibrinogen ratio with any CVD endpoint. These results suggest that among the elderly, γ' fibrinogen does not add much to CVD prediction beyond traditional risk factors and total fibrinogen level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Duke Appiah
- Division of Epidemiology and Community Health, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA.
| | - Susan R Heckbert
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Mary Cushman
- Department of Medicine, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, USA
| | - Bruce M Psaty
- Departments of Medicine, Epidemiology and Health Services, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA; Group Health Research Institute, Group Health Cooperatives, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Aaron R Folsom
- Division of Epidemiology and Community Health, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
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Folsom AR, Tang W, George KM, Heckbert SR, MacLehose RF, Cushman M, Pankow JS. Prospective study of γ' fibrinogen and incident venous thromboembolism: The Longitudinal Investigation of Thromboembolism Etiology (LITE). Thromb Res 2016; 139:44-9. [PMID: 26916295 PMCID: PMC4769380 DOI: 10.1016/j.thromres.2016.01.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2015] [Revised: 12/15/2015] [Accepted: 01/10/2016] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Epidemiological studies generally have not found plasma total fibrinogen to be a risk factor for venous thromboembolism (VTE), but several have reported associations between variants in the fibrinogen gamma gene (FGG) and VTE. A case-control study in whites suggested plasma γ' fibrinogen concentration may be associated inversely with VTE, but this was not replicated in African Americans. OBJECTIVE To examine the prospective association between γ' fibrinogen concentrations and occurrence of VTE. METHODS We used the Longitudinal Investigation of Thromboembolism Etiology (LITE), involving two pooled population-based cohorts in the United States including 16,234 participants. The cohorts comprised white and African American men and women, aged 50years and older at study onset in the early 1990s. We identified VTEs during follow-up and documented they met standardized diagnostic criteria. RESULTS During two decades of follow-up, neither γ' fibrinogen nor total fibrinogen nor their ratio was associated with VTE overall (n=521 VTEs), in subgroups defined by race, or in other subgroups. In both race groups, the minor allele of FGG rs2066865 was associated with lower γ' fibrinogen concentrations, but this allele was not associated with VTE. CONCLUSIONS A lower plasma concentration of γ' fibrinogen in healthy adults does not appear to increase VTE risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aaron R Folsom
- Division of Epidemiology & Community Health, School of Public Health, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55454, United States.
| | - Weihong Tang
- Division of Epidemiology & Community Health, School of Public Health, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55454, United States
| | - Kristen M George
- Division of Epidemiology & Community Health, School of Public Health, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55454, United States
| | - Susan R Heckbert
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98101, United States
| | - Richard F MacLehose
- Division of Epidemiology & Community Health, School of Public Health, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55454, United States
| | - Mary Cushman
- Department of Medicine, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT 55446, United States; Department of Pathology, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT 05446, United States
| | - James S Pankow
- Division of Epidemiology & Community Health, School of Public Health, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55454, United States
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Merched AJ, Daret D, Li L, Franzl N, Sauvage-Merched M. Specific autoantigens in experimental autoimmunity-associated atherosclerosis. FASEB J 2016; 30:2123-34. [PMID: 26891734 DOI: 10.1096/fj.201500131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2015] [Accepted: 02/01/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Higher cardiovascular morbidity in patients with a wide range of autoimmune diseases highlights the importance of autoimmunity in promoting atherosclerosis. Our purpose was to investigate the mechanisms of accelerated atherosclerosis and identified vascular autoantigens targeted by autoimmunity. We created a mouse model of autoimmunity-associated atherosclerosis by transplanting bone marrow from FcγRIIB knockout (FcRIIB(-/-)) mice into LDL receptor knockout mice. We characterized the cellular and molecular mechanisms of atherogenesis and identified specific aortic autoantigens using serologic proteomic studies. En face lesion area analysis showed more aggressive atherosclerosis in autoimmune mice compared with control mice (0.64 ± 0.12 vs 0.32 ± 0.05 mm(2); P < 0.05, respectively). At the cellular level, FcRIIB(-/-) macrophages showed significant reduction (46-72%) in phagocytic capabilities. Proteomic analysis revealed circulating autoantibodies in autoimmune mice that targeted 25 atherosclerotic lesion proteins, including essential components of adhesion complex, cytoskeleton, and extracellular matrix, and proteins involved in critical functions and pathways. Microscopic examination of atherosclerotic plaques revealed essential colocalization of autoantibodies with endothelial cells, their adherence to basement membranes, the internal elastica lamina, and necrotic cores. The new vascular autoimmunosome may be a useful target for diagnostic and immunotherapeutic interventions in autoimmunity-associated diseases that have accelerated atherosclerosis.-Merched, A. J., Daret, D., Li, L., Franzl, N., Sauvage-Merched, M. Specific autoantigens in experimental autoimmunity-associated atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aksam J Merched
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, and INSERM U1053, University of Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France Department of Cell Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Danièle Daret
- Department of Cell Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Lan Li
- Department of Cell Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Nathalie Franzl
- Department of Cell Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
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Appiah D, Schreiner PJ, MacLehose RF, Folsom AR. Association of Plasma γ' Fibrinogen With Incident Cardiovascular Disease: The Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities (ARIC) Study. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2015; 35:2700-6. [PMID: 26494231 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.115.306284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2015] [Accepted: 10/12/2015] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To prospectively examine the association of plasma γ' fibrinogen with the incidence of multiple cardiovascular disease (CVD) end points, independent of established CVD risk factors, total fibrinogen, and other inflammatory markers. APPROACH AND RESULTS The Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities (ARIC) study measured γ' fibrinogen by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay in stored plasma samples from 1993 to 1995 and related levels in 10 601 adults to incident CVD end points (coronary heart disease [n=1603], ischemic stroke [n=548], peripheral artery disease [n=599], heart failure [n=1411], and CVD mortality [n=705]) through 2012 (median follow-up, 18 years). In Cox models accounting for established CVD risk factors and total fibrinogen levels, γ' fibrinogen was associated positively with peripheral artery disease (hazard ratio [HR] per 1-SD [8.80 mg/dL] increment, 1.14 [1.04-1.24]), heart failure (HR, 1.06 [1.01-1.13]), and CVD deaths (HR, 1.12 [1.04-1.21]) but not with incident coronary heart disease (HR, 1.01 [0.96-1.07]) or ischemic stroke (HR, 0.98 [0.89-1.07]). Additional adjustment for C-reactive protein, however, eliminated the associations with peripheral artery disease and heart failure. CONCLUSIONS These findings do not lend support to the hypothesis that γ' fibrinogen influences CVD events through its prothrombotic properties. Rather, γ' fibrinogen concentrations seem to reflect general inflammation that accompanies and may contribute to atherosclerotic CVD, instead of γ' fibrinogen being a causal risk factor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Duke Appiah
- From the Division of Epidemiology and Community Health, School of Public Health, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis.
| | - Pamela J Schreiner
- From the Division of Epidemiology and Community Health, School of Public Health, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis
| | - Richard F MacLehose
- From the Division of Epidemiology and Community Health, School of Public Health, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis
| | - Aaron R Folsom
- From the Division of Epidemiology and Community Health, School of Public Health, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis
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Rare and low-frequency variants and their association with plasma levels of fibrinogen, FVII, FVIII, and vWF. Blood 2015; 126:e19-29. [PMID: 26105150 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2015-02-624551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2015] [Accepted: 05/27/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Fibrinogen, coagulation factor VII (FVII), and factor VIII (FVIII) and its carrier von Willebrand factor (vWF) play key roles in hemostasis. Previously identified common variants explain only a small fraction of the trait heritabilities, and additional variations may be explained by associations with rarer variants with larger effects. The aim of this study was to identify low-frequency (minor allele frequency [MAF] ≥0.01 and <0.05) and rare (MAF <0.01) variants that influence plasma concentrations of these 4 hemostatic factors by meta-analyzing exome chip data from up to 76,000 participants of 4 ancestries. We identified 12 novel associations of low-frequency (n = 2) and rare (n = 10) variants across the fibrinogen, FVII, FVIII, and vWF traits that were independent of previously identified associations. Novel loci were found within previously reported genes and had effect sizes much larger than and independent of previously identified common variants. In addition, associations at KCNT1, HID1, and KATNB1 identified new candidate genes related to hemostasis for follow-up replication and functional genomic analysis. Newly identified low-frequency and rare-variant associations accounted for modest amounts of trait variance and therefore are unlikely to increase predicted trait heritability but provide new information for understanding individual variation in hemostasis pathways.
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Zuliani-Alvarez L, Midwood KS. Fibrinogen-Related Proteins in Tissue Repair: How a Unique Domain with a Common Structure Controls Diverse Aspects of Wound Healing. Adv Wound Care (New Rochelle) 2015; 4:273-285. [PMID: 26005593 DOI: 10.1089/wound.2014.0599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2014] [Accepted: 10/14/2014] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Significance: Fibrinogen-related proteins (FRePs) comprise an intriguing collection of extracellular molecules, each containing a conserved fibrinogen-like globe (FBG). This group includes the eponymous fibrinogen as well as the tenascin, angiopoietin, and ficolin families. Many of these proteins are upregulated during tissue repair and exhibit diverse roles during wound healing. Recent Advances: An increasing body of evidence highlights the specific expression of a number of FRePs following tissue injury and infection. Upon induction, each FReP uses its FBG domain to mediate quite distinct effects that contribute to different stages of tissue repair, such as driving coagulation, pathogen detection, inflammation, angiogenesis, and tissue remodeling. Critical Issues: Despite a high degree of homology among FRePs, each contains unique sequences that enable their diversification of function. Comparative analysis of the structure and function of FRePs and precise mapping of regions that interact with a variety of ligands has started to reveal the underlying molecular mechanisms by which these proteins play very different roles using their common domain. Future Directions: Fibrinogen has long been used in the clinic as a synthetic matrix serving as a scaffold or a delivery system to aid tissue repair. Novel therapeutic strategies are now emerging that harness the use of other FRePs to improve wound healing outcomes. As we learn more about the underlying mechanisms by which each FReP contributes to the repair response, specific blockade, or indeed potentiation, of their function offers real potential to enable regulation of distinct processes during pathological wound healing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorena Zuliani-Alvarez
- Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences, Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Kim S. Midwood
- Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences, Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
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The contribution of genetic and environmental factors to changes in total and γ' fibrinogen over 5 years. Thromb Res 2015; 135:703-9. [PMID: 25613928 DOI: 10.1016/j.thromres.2015.01.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2014] [Revised: 11/20/2014] [Accepted: 01/11/2015] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Increased fibrinogen is associated with cardiovascular disease risk. It is, however, not known to what extend environmental and genetic factors and/or their interaction influence changes in total and γ' fibrinogen over time. We aimed to determine how variation within the fibrinogen gene as well as environmental factors influence the change in total and γ' fibrinogen over time, and also whether gene-environment interactions influence total and γ' fibrinogen on a cross-sectional and prospective level in Africans. MATERIALS AND METHODS This prospective study consisted of 2010 participants at baseline and 1288 participants at follow-up (5 years). RESULTS The gene-environment interactions that were associated with fibrinogen concentration on a cross-sectional level were: FGA 2224 G>A (rs2070011) with age (p=0.005), FGB Arg448Lys (rs4220) with HIV status (p<0.0001) and FGB 1038 G>A (rs1800791) with HbA1c (p=0.01). The only factor that independently influenced the change in total fibrinogen levels over time, was baseline CRP (p<0.0001) and FGG 10034 C>T (rs2066865) was the only single nucleotide polymorphism that independently influenced the change in fibrinogen γ' levels over time (p=0.02). Only the FGG 9340 T>C (rs1049636) with HbA1c interaction was found to predict change in total fibrinogen concentrations over time (p=0.005). CONCLUSIONS Gene-environment interactions influenced fibrinogen levels cross-sectionally and also mediated changes in levels over time.
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Bridge KI, Philippou H, Ariëns RAS. Clot properties and cardiovascular disease. Thromb Haemost 2014; 112:901-8. [PMID: 24899357 DOI: 10.1160/th14-02-0184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2014] [Accepted: 03/29/2014] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Fibrinogen is cleaved by thrombin to fibrin, which provides the blood clot with its essential structural backbone. As an acute phase protein, the plasma levels of fibrinogen are increased in response to inflammatory conditions. In addition to fibrinogen levels, fibrin clot structure is altered by a number of factors. These include thrombin levels, treatment with common cardiovascular medications, such as aspirin, anticoagulants, statins and fibrates, as well as metabolic disease states such as diabetes mellitus and hyperhomocysteinaemia. In vitro studies of fibrin clot structure can provide information regarding fibre density, clot porosity, the mechanical strength of fibres and fibrinolysis. A change in fibrin clot structure, to a denser clot with smaller pores which is more resistant to lysis, is strongly associated with cardiovascular disease. This pathological change is present in patients with arterial as well as venous diseases, and is also found in a moderate form in relatives of patients with cardiovascular disease. Pharmacological therapies, aimed at both the treatment and prophylaxis of cardiovascular disease, appear to result in positive changes to the fibrin clot structure. As such, therapies aimed at 'normalising' fibrin clot structure may be of benefit in the prevention and treatment of cardiovascular disease.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Robert A S Ariëns
- Prof. R. A. S. Ariëns, LIGHT Laboratories, University of Leeds, Clarendon Way, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK, Tel.: +44 113 343 7734, E-mail:
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27
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Kotzé RC, Nienaber-Rousseau C, De Lange Z, De Maat MP, Hoekstra T, Pieters M. Genetic polymorphisms influencing total and γ′ fibrinogen levels and fibrin clot properties in Africans. Br J Haematol 2014; 168:102-12. [PMID: 25156046 DOI: 10.1111/bjh.13104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2014] [Accepted: 07/29/2014] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Retha C. Kotzé
- Centre of Excellence for Nutrition; North-West University; Potchefstroom South Africa
| | | | - Zelda De Lange
- Centre of Excellence for Nutrition; North-West University; Potchefstroom South Africa
| | - Moniek P. De Maat
- Department of Haematology; Erasmus University Medical Centre; Rotterdam The Netherlands
| | - Tiny Hoekstra
- Centre of Excellence for Nutrition; North-West University; Potchefstroom South Africa
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology; Leiden University Medical Centre; Leiden The Netherlands
| | - Marlien Pieters
- Centre of Excellence for Nutrition; North-West University; Potchefstroom South Africa
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Alexander KS, Kazmierczak SC, Snyder CK, Oberdorf JA, Farrell DH. Prognostic utility of biochemical markers of cardiovascular risk: impact of biological variability. Clin Chem Lab Med 2014; 51:1875-82. [PMID: 23648634 DOI: 10.1515/cclm-2012-0750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2012] [Accepted: 04/05/2013] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although a variety of biochemical markers are used to help predict the risk of cardiovascular disease, the prognostic utility of any marker used as a risk assessment tool is dependent on the long- and short-term biological variability that the marker shows in different individuals. METHODS We measured total, low-density lipoprotein (LDL), and high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol; triglycerides; high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP); total fibrinogen; and γ' fibrinogen in blood samples collected from 15 apparently healthy individuals over the course of 1 year. Repeated measures variation estimates were used to calculate short- and long-term intraclass correlation coefficients (ICC), within- and between-subject coefficients of variation (CVI and CVG, respectively), validity coefficients, and indices of individuality for each marker. RESULTS HDL cholesterol demonstrated the lowest variability profile, with an ICC of 0.84 and CVI of 11.1 (95% CI: 8.3, 17.0). hsCRP showed the highest levels of short- and long-term within-subject variability [CVI (95% CI): 54.8 (32.8, 196.3) and 77.1 (53.3, 141.3), respectively]. Stated differently, it would require five separate measurements of hsCRP, performed on samples collected over multiple days, to provide the risk assessment information provided by a single measurement of HDL cholesterol. γ' Fibrinogen demonstrated an ICC of 0.79 and CVI of 14.3 (95% CI: 10.6, 21.9). CONCLUSIONS hsCRP showed very high biological variability, such that a single measurement of hsCRP lacks sufficient clinical utility to justify routine measurement. The variability profile of γ' fibrinogen was not markedly different than HDL cholesterol, necessitating only a limited number of measurements to establish an individual's risk of cardiovascular disease.
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29
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Zhang X, Johnson AD, Hendricks AE, Hwang SJ, Tanriverdi K, Ganesh SK, Smith NL, Peyser PA, Freedman JE, O'Donnell CJ. Genetic associations with expression for genes implicated in GWAS studies for atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease and blood phenotypes. Hum Mol Genet 2013; 23:782-95. [PMID: 24057673 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddt461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have uncovered many genetic associations for cardiovascular disease (CVD). However, data are limited regarding causal genetic variants within implicated loci. We sought to identify regulatory variants (cis- and trans-eQTLs) affecting expression levels of 93 genes selected by their proximity to SNPs with significant associations in prior GWAS for CVD traits. Expression levels were measured by qRT-PCR in leukocytes from 1846 Framingham Heart Study participants. An additive genetic model was applied to 2.5 million imputed SNPs for each gene. Approximately 45% of genes (N = 38) harbored at least one cis-eSNP after a regional multiple-test adjustment. Applying a more rigorous significance threshold (P < 5 × 10(-8)), we found the expression level of 10 genes was significantly associated with more than one cis-eSNP. The top cis-eSNPs for 7 of these 10 genes exhibited moderate-to-strong association with ≥ 1 CVD clinical phenotypes. Several eSNPs or proxy SNPs (r(2) = 1) were replicated by other eQTL studies. After adjusting for the lead GWAS SNPs for the 10 genes, expression variances explained by top cis-eSNPs were attenuated markedly for LPL, FADS2 and C6orf184, suggesting a shared genetic basis for the GWAS and expression trait. A significant association between cis-eSNPs, gene expression and lipid levels was discovered for LPL and C6orf184. In conclusion, strong cis-acting variants are localized within nearly half of the GWAS loci studied, with particularly strong evidence for a regulatory role of the top GWAS SNP for expression of LPL, FADS2 and C6orf184.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoling Zhang
- Division of Intramural Research, National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
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Lovely R, Hossain J, Ramsey JP, Komakula V, George D, Farrell DH, Balagopal PB. Obesity-related increased γ' fibrinogen concentration in children and its reduction by a physical activity-based lifestyle intervention: a randomized controlled study. J Pediatr 2013; 163:333-8. [PMID: 23415619 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpeds.2013.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2012] [Revised: 11/12/2012] [Accepted: 01/02/2013] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine if elevated plasma γ'-fibrinogen, typically involved in the formation of fibrinolysis-resistant clots, confers an increased risk for cardiovascular disease (CVD) and thrombosis in children as it does in adults. Although obesity-related hyperfibrinogenemia is frequently reported in children, the role of γ' fibrinogen and its response to physical activity-based lifestyle are less clear in this population. STUDY DESIGN In a randomized controlled 3-month physical activity-based lifestyle intervention, γ' fibrinogen concentration was measured in 21 children (aged 14-18 years; Tanner stage > IV), including 15 in the obese group and 6 in the normal weight group, with body mass index percentiles for age and sex of >95 and <85, respectively. RESULTS The relationships between γ' fibrinogen and other risk factors for CVD, such as markers of insulin resistance and subclinical inflammation, along with body composition (as measured by dual-energy X-ray absortiometry), were assessed before and after the intervention. γ' fibrinogen concentration was higher in the obese group compared with the normal weight group (P < .05) and was correlated with other risk factors for CVD (adjusted R(2) = 0.9; P < .05), and insulin emerged as the major predictor of γ' fibrinogen. The intervention reduced γ'-fibrinogen concentration (P < .05). CONCLUSION Our data reveal: (1) elevated γ' fibrinogen concentrations in obese insulin-resistant children compared with normal lean controls; (2) a relationship between γ' fibrinogen and other CVD risk factors; and (3) physical activity-induced reduction in γ' fibrinogen in obese children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rehana Lovely
- Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, TX, USA
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31
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Ariëns RAS. Fibrin(ogen) and thrombotic disease. J Thromb Haemost 2013; 11 Suppl 1:294-305. [PMID: 23809133 DOI: 10.1111/jth.12229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 122] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2013] [Accepted: 03/08/2013] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Fibrinogen is an abundant plasma protein that, when converted to fibrin by thrombin, provides the main building blocks for the clot. Dys-, a-, and hypo-fibrinogenemias have been variably linked to a normal phenotype, bleeding or even thrombosis. Meanwhile, increased fibrinogen concentrations in the blood have been associated with risk for thrombosis. More recently, studies have focussed on abnormal fibrin structure as a cause for thrombosis. Fibrin clots that have high fiber density and increased resistance to fibrinolysis have been consistently associated with risk for thrombosis. Fibrin structure measurements can (i) provide an overall assessment of hemostatic capacity of a sample, (ii) include effects of thrombin generation and fibrinogen concentrations, (iii) include effects of fibrinogen mutations, polymorphisms, and modifications, and (iv) give an indication of clot mechanical strength and resistance to fibrinolysis. A fibrinogen splice variation of the γ-chain (γ') is discussed as a model for changes in fibrin structure in relation to thrombosis. Results from prospective studies on fibrin structure are awaited. Studies of fibrin formation under flow, interactions of fibrin with blood cells, the mechanical properties of the fibrin clot, and nanoscale/molecular characterization of fibrin formation are likely to expose new causal mechanisms for the role of fibrin in thrombotic disease. Future studies into the causality and mechanisms may lead to new opportunities using fibrin structure in the diagnosis or treatment of thrombosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- R A S Ariëns
- Division of Cardiovascular and Diabetes Research, Leeds Institute for Genetics, Health and Therapeutics, Multidisciplinary Cardiovascular Research Centre, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK.
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Morange PE, Trégouët DA. Current knowledge on the genetics of incident venous thrombosis. J Thromb Haemost 2013; 11 Suppl 1:111-21. [PMID: 23809115 DOI: 10.1111/jth.12233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The genetic burden underlying venous thrombosis (VT) is characterized by a sibling relative risk of 2.5 and a strong heritability whose estimates varied from 35% to 60% according to different studies. However, the genetic factors identified so far only explain about 5% of VT heritability and just 16 genes have been robustly associated with the susceptibility to VT, most of them affecting the coagulation cascade. Eight of these have been identified during the last 5 years, thanks to the development of high-throughput micro-array genotyping technologies, which have radically changed the research landscape in human genetics. The present work is aimed at providing a historical review of the known genetic factors contributing to VT risk, as well as discussing future research strategies to follow to disentangle the whole spectrum of genetic variants associated with VT.
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Affiliation(s)
- P-E Morange
- INSERM, UMR_S1062, Nutrition Obesity and Risk of Thrombosis, Aix-Marseille University, Marseille, France.
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Evidence that fibrinogen γ′ regulates plasma clot structure and lysis and relationship to cardiovascular risk factors in black Africans. Blood 2013; 121:3254-60. [DOI: 10.1182/blood-2012-12-471482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Key Points
This paper describes the effect of fibrinogen γ′ on clot structure in plasma (previously shown in purified systems). This paper also describes the respective roles of total fibrinogen, fibrinogen γ′ concentration, and ratio on clot structure and lysis rates.
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Do Obese Children Have Chronic Inflammation & Could This Contribute to Future CVD Risk? CURRENT CARDIOVASCULAR RISK REPORTS 2012. [DOI: 10.1007/s12170-012-0271-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Hersch M, Peter B, Kang HM, Schüpfer F, Abriel H, Pedrazzini T, Eskin E, Beckmann JS, Bergmann S, Maurer F. Mapping genetic variants associated with beta-adrenergic responses in inbred mice. PLoS One 2012; 7:e41032. [PMID: 22859963 PMCID: PMC3409184 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0041032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2012] [Accepted: 06/16/2012] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
β-blockers and β-agonists are primarily used to treat cardiovascular diseases. Inter-individual variability in response to both drug classes is well recognized, yet the identity and relative contribution of the genetic players involved are poorly understood. This work is the first genome-wide association study (GWAS) addressing the values and susceptibility of cardiovascular-related traits to a selective β1-blocker, Atenolol (ate), and a β-agonist, Isoproterenol (iso). The phenotypic dataset consisted of 27 highly heritable traits, each measured across 22 inbred mouse strains and four pharmacological conditions. The genotypic panel comprised 79922 informative SNPs of the mouse HapMap resource. Associations were mapped by Efficient Mixed Model Association (EMMA), a method that corrects for the population structure and genetic relatedness of the various strains. A total of 205 separate genome-wide scans were analyzed. The most significant hits include three candidate loci related to cardiac and body weight, three loci for electrocardiographic (ECG) values, two loci for the susceptibility of atrial weight index to iso, four loci for the susceptibility of systolic blood pressure (SBP) to perturbations of the β-adrenergic system, and one locus for the responsiveness of QTc (p<10−8). An additional 60 loci were suggestive for one or the other of the 27 traits, while 46 others were suggestive for one or the other drug effects (p<10−6). Most hits tagged unexpected regions, yet at least two loci for the susceptibility of SBP to β-adrenergic drugs pointed at members of the hypothalamic-pituitary-thyroid axis. Loci for cardiac-related traits were preferentially enriched in genes expressed in the heart, while 23% of the testable loci were replicated with datasets of the Mouse Phenome Database (MPD). Altogether these data and validation tests indicate that the mapped loci are relevant to the traits and responses studied.
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Affiliation(s)
- Micha Hersch
- Department of Medical Genetics, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
- Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Bastian Peter
- Department of Medical Genetics, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
- Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Hyun Min Kang
- Department of Computer Science and Department of Human Genetics, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
- Department of Biostatistics, Center for Statistical Genetics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States of America
| | - Fanny Schüpfer
- Service of Medical Genetics, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Hugues Abriel
- Department of Clinical Research, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Thierry Pedrazzini
- Department of Medicine, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Eleazar Eskin
- Department of Computer Science and Department of Human Genetics, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | - Jacques S. Beckmann
- Department of Medical Genetics, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
- Service of Medical Genetics, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Sven Bergmann
- Department of Medical Genetics, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
- Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Fabienne Maurer
- Service of Medical Genetics, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
- * E-mail:
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High Risk, High Stakes: Optimizing Cardiovascular Risk Assessment in Women. CURRENT CARDIOVASCULAR RISK REPORTS 2012. [DOI: 10.1007/s12170-012-0221-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
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