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Alkazmi L, Al-Kuraishy HM, Al-Gareeb AI, Alexiou A, Papadakis M, Saad HM, Batiha GES. The potential role of scavenger receptor B type I (SR-BI) in SARS-CoV-2 infection. Immun Inflamm Dis 2023; 11:e786. [PMID: 37102664 PMCID: PMC10103078 DOI: 10.1002/iid3.786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2022] [Revised: 01/26/2023] [Accepted: 02/01/2023] [Indexed: 04/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Scavenger receptor type B I (SR-BI), the major receptor for high-density lipoprotein (HDL) mediates the delivery of cholesterol ester and cholesterol from HDL to the cell membrane. SR-BI is implicated as a receptor for entry of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus type 2 (SARS-CoV-2). SR-BI is colocalized with the angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) increasing the binding and affinity of SARS-CoV-2 to ACE2 with subsequent viral internalization. SR-BI regulates lymphocyte proliferation and the release of pro-inflammatory cytokines from activated macrophages and lymphocytes. SR-BI is reduced during COVID-19 due to consumption by SARS-CoV-2 infection. COVID-19-associated inflammatory changes and high angiotensin II (AngII) might be possible causes of repression of SR-BI in SARS-CoV-2 infection. In conclusion, the downregulation of SR-BI in COVID-19 could be due to direct invasion by SARS-CoV-2 or through upregulation of pro-inflammatory cytokines, inflammatory signaling pathways, and high circulating AngII. Reduction of SR-BI in COVID-19 look like ACE2 may provoke COVID-19 severity through exaggeration of the immune response. Further studies are invoked to clarify the potential role of SR-BI in the pathogenesis of COVID-19 that could be protective rather than detrimental.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luay Alkazmi
- Biology Department, Faculty of Applied Sciences, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hayder M Al-Kuraishy
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Medicine, College of Medicine, ALmustansiriyia University, Baghdad, Iraq
| | - Ali I Al-Gareeb
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Medicine, College of Medicine, ALmustansiriyia University, Baghdad, Iraq
| | - Athanasios Alexiou
- Department of Science and Engineering, Novel Global Community Educational Foundation, Hebersham, New South Wales, Australia
- AFNP Med, Wien, Austria
| | - Marios Papadakis
- Department of Surgery II, University Hospital Witten-Herdecke, University of Witten-Herdecke, Wuppertal, Germany
| | - Hebatallah M Saad
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Matrouh University, Matrouh, Egypt
| | - Gaber El-Saber Batiha
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Damanhour University, Damanhour, Egypt
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2
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Jones WL, Ramos CR, Banerjee A, Moore EE, Hansen KC, Coleman JR, Kelher M, Neeves KB, Silliman CC, Di Paola J, Branchford BR. Apolipoprotein A-I, elevated in trauma patients, inhibits platelet activation and decreases clot strength. Platelets 2022; 33:1119-1131. [PMID: 35659185 PMCID: PMC9547822 DOI: 10.1080/09537104.2022.2078488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2021] [Revised: 04/19/2022] [Accepted: 04/29/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Apolipoprotein A-I (ApoA-I) is elevated in the plasma of a subgroup of trauma patients with systemic hyperfibrinolysis. We hypothesize that apoA-I inhibits platelet activation and clot formation. The effects of apoA-I on human platelet activation and clot formation were assessed by whole blood thrombelastography (TEG), platelet aggregometry, P-selectin surface expression, microfluidic adhesion, and Akt phosphorylation. Mouse models of carotid artery thrombosis and pulmonary embolism were used to assess the effects of apoA-I in vivo. The ApoA-1 receptor was investigated with transgenic mice knockouts (KO) for the scavenger receptor class B member 1 (SR-BI). Compared to controls, exogenous human apoA-I inhibited arachidonic acid and collagen-mediated human and mouse platelet aggregation, decreased P-selectin surface expression and Akt activation, resulting in diminished clot strength and increased clot lysis by TEG. ApoA-I also decreased platelet aggregate size formed on a collagen surface under flow. In vivo, apoA-I delayed vessel occlusion in an arterial thrombosis model and conferred a survival advantage in a pulmonary embolism model. SR-BI KO mice significantly reduced apoA-I inhibition of platelet aggregation versus wild-type platelets. Exogenous human apoA-I inhibits platelet activation, decreases clot strength and stability, and protects mice from arterial and venous thrombosis via the SR-BI receptor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wilbert L Jones
- Department of Surgery, School of Medicine University of Colorado Denver, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO
| | - Christopher R. Ramos
- Department of Surgery, School of Medicine University of Colorado Denver, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO
| | - Anirban Banerjee
- Department of Surgery, School of Medicine University of Colorado Denver, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO
| | - Ernest E. Moore
- Department of Surgery, School of Medicine University of Colorado Denver, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO
- Dept. of Surgery, Denver Health Medical Center, Denver CO
| | - Kirk C. Hansen
- Department of Biochemistry/Molecular Genetics, School of Medicine University of Colorado Denver, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO
| | - Julia R. Coleman
- Department of Surgery, School of Medicine University of Colorado Denver, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO
| | - Marguerite Kelher
- Department of Surgery, School of Medicine University of Colorado Denver, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO
- Vitalant Research Institute, Denver, CO
| | - Keith B. Neeves
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine University of Colorado Denver, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO
- Department of Bioengineering, School of Medicine University of Colorado Denver, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO
| | - Christopher C. Silliman
- Department of Surgery, School of Medicine University of Colorado Denver, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine University of Colorado Denver, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO
- Vitalant Research Institute, Denver, CO
| | - Jorge Di Paola
- Dept. of Pediatrics, Division of Hematology/Oncology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO
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3
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Huang Y, Ge H, Wang X, Zhang X. Association Between Blood Lipid Levels and Lower Extremity Deep Venous Thrombosis: A Population-Based Cohort Study. Clin Appl Thromb Hemost 2022; 28:10760296221121282. [PMID: 36189865 PMCID: PMC9530559 DOI: 10.1177/10760296221121282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
ObjectsTo investigate the potential clinical significance between
blood lipid levels and lower extremity deep venous thrombosis (LEDVT).
Methods: This cohort study included 500 participants, contains
246 patients with LEDVT and 254 patients without LEDVT. The characteristics
including age, sex, body mass index (BMI), disease course, ill position, smoking
history, history of current illness, drug administration were collected. And
blood lipid levels and other clinical parameters including triglyceride (TG),
total cholesterol (TC), high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), low
density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), apolipoprotein A1 (ApoA1),
apolipoprotein B (ApoB), activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT),
thromboplastin time (TT), prothrombin time (PT), and fibrinogen (FIB),
neutrophils (NEUT), platelet (PLT), lymphocyte count (LY) were observed.
Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were applied. In the
present study we particularly focused on the potential associations between
blood lipid levels and LEDVT. Results: The risk of LEDVT in
participants with HDL-C levels of 0.965 to 1.14 mmol/L, 1.14 to 1.36 mmol/L, and
>1.36 mmol/L were 0.366, 0.183, 0.203 times than in controls
(<0.965 mmol/L), respectively. Compared to individuals with ApoA1
<1.06 mmol/L, individuals with ApoA1 levels of 1.06 to 1.22 mmol/L, 1.22 to
1.38 mmol/L, and >1.38 mmol/L were related to a decreased risk of LEDVT. The
risk of LEDVT in patients with TG levels of 0.985 to 1.37 mmol/L, 1.37 to
1.91 mmol/L, and >1.91 mmol/L were 2.243, 2.224, and 2.540 times higher than
that of those with TG <0.985 mmol/L, respectively. The risk of LEDVT in
subjects with 4.57< TC <5.17 mmol/L was 0.471-fold than that of those with
TC <3.97 mmol/L. Conclusion: The present study indicates that
higher levesl of HDL-C and ApoA1 could be associated with a decreased risk of
LEDVT, while higher TG levels might be associated with an increased risk of
LEDVT. In addition, within the normal range, high TC levels were associated with
decreased risk of LEDVT. These findings may help clinicals to identify early and
treat those patients with a high-risk of LEDVT at proper time, which could
improve patients’ life quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiming Huang
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow
University, Changzhou, China
| | - Hongwei Ge
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow
University, Changzhou, China
| | - Xin Wang
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow
University, Changzhou, China
| | - Xiaoying Zhang
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow
University, Changzhou, China,Xiaoying Zhang, Department of
Cardiothoracic Surgery, the Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University,
Changzhou, 213003, China.
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4
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Bhale AS, Venkataraman K. Leveraging knowledge of HDLs major protein ApoA1: Structure, function, mutations, and potential therapeutics. Biomed Pharmacother 2022; 154:113634. [PMID: 36063649 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2022.113634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2022] [Revised: 08/27/2022] [Accepted: 08/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Apolipoprotein A1 (ApoA1) is a member of the Apolipoprotein family of proteins. It's a vital protein that helps in the production of high-density lipoprotein (HDL) particles, which are crucial for reverse cholesterol transport (RCT). It also has anti-inflammatory, anti-atherogenic, anti-apoptotic, and anti-thrombotic properties. These functions interact to give HDL particles their cardioprotective characteristics. ApoA1 has recently been investigated for its potential role in atherosclerosis, diabetes, neurological diseases, cancer, and certain infectious diseases. Since ApoA1's discovery, numerous mutations have been reported that affect its structural integrity and alter its function. Hence these insights have led to the development of clinically relevant peptides and synthetic reconstituted HDL (rHDL) that mimics the function of ApoA1. As a result, this review has aimed to provide an organized explanation of our understanding of the ApoA1 protein structure and its role in various essential pathways. Furthermore, we have comprehensively reviewed the important ApoA1 mutations (24 mutations) that are reported to be involved in various diseases. Finally, we've focused on the therapeutic potentials of some of the beneficial mutations, small peptides, and synthetic rHDL that are currently being researched or developed, since these will aid in the development of novel therapeutics in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aishwarya Sudam Bhale
- Centre for Bio-Separation Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore 632014, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Krishnan Venkataraman
- Centre for Bio-Separation Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore 632014, Tamil Nadu, India.
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Clerbaux LA, Albertini MC, Amigó N, Beronius A, Bezemer GFG, Coecke S, Daskalopoulos EP, del Giudice G, Greco D, Grenga L, Mantovani A, Muñoz A, Omeragic E, Parissis N, Petrillo M, Saarimäki LA, Soares H, Sullivan K, Landesmann B. Factors Modulating COVID-19: A Mechanistic Understanding Based on the Adverse Outcome Pathway Framework. J Clin Med 2022; 11:4464. [PMID: 35956081 PMCID: PMC9369763 DOI: 10.3390/jcm11154464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2022] [Revised: 07/05/2022] [Accepted: 07/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Addressing factors modulating COVID-19 is crucial since abundant clinical evidence shows that outcomes are markedly heterogeneous between patients. This requires identifying the factors and understanding how they mechanistically influence COVID-19. Here, we describe how eleven selected factors (age, sex, genetic factors, lipid disorders, heart failure, gut dysbiosis, diet, vitamin D deficiency, air pollution and exposure to chemicals) influence COVID-19 by applying the Adverse Outcome Pathway (AOP), which is well-established in regulatory toxicology. This framework aims to model the sequence of events leading to an adverse health outcome. Several linear AOPs depicting pathways from the binding of the virus to ACE2 up to clinical outcomes observed in COVID-19 have been developed and integrated into a network offering a unique overview of the mechanisms underlying the disease. As SARS-CoV-2 infectibility and ACE2 activity are the major starting points and inflammatory response is central in the development of COVID-19, we evaluated how those eleven intrinsic and extrinsic factors modulate those processes impacting clinical outcomes. Applying this AOP-aligned approach enables the identification of current knowledge gaps orientating for further research and allows to propose biomarkers to identify of high-risk patients. This approach also facilitates expertise synergy from different disciplines to address public health issues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laure-Alix Clerbaux
- European Commission, Joint Research Centre (JRC), 21027 Ispra, Italy; (S.C.); (E.P.D.); (N.P.); (M.P.); (B.L.)
| | | | - Núria Amigó
- Biosfer Teslab SL., 43204 Reus, Spain;
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Universitat Rovira i Virgili (URV), 23204 Reus, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Anna Beronius
- Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, 17177 Stockholm, Sweden;
| | - Gillina F. G. Bezemer
- Impact Station, 1223 JR Hilversum, The Netherlands;
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, 3584 CG Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Sandra Coecke
- European Commission, Joint Research Centre (JRC), 21027 Ispra, Italy; (S.C.); (E.P.D.); (N.P.); (M.P.); (B.L.)
| | - Evangelos P. Daskalopoulos
- European Commission, Joint Research Centre (JRC), 21027 Ispra, Italy; (S.C.); (E.P.D.); (N.P.); (M.P.); (B.L.)
| | - Giusy del Giudice
- Finnish Hub for Development and Validation of Integrated Approaches (FHAIVE), Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, 33100 Tampere, Finland; (G.d.G.); (D.G.); (L.A.S.)
| | - Dario Greco
- Finnish Hub for Development and Validation of Integrated Approaches (FHAIVE), Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, 33100 Tampere, Finland; (G.d.G.); (D.G.); (L.A.S.)
| | - Lucia Grenga
- Département Médicaments et Technologies pour la Santé (DMTS), Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, INRAE, SPI, F-30200 Bagnols-sur-Ceze, France;
| | - Alberto Mantovani
- Department of Food Safety, Nutrition and Veterinary Public Health, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, 00161 Rome, Italy;
| | - Amalia Muñoz
- European Commission, Joint Research Centre (JRC), 2440 Geel, Belgium;
| | - Elma Omeragic
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Sarajevo, 71000 Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina;
| | - Nikolaos Parissis
- European Commission, Joint Research Centre (JRC), 21027 Ispra, Italy; (S.C.); (E.P.D.); (N.P.); (M.P.); (B.L.)
| | - Mauro Petrillo
- European Commission, Joint Research Centre (JRC), 21027 Ispra, Italy; (S.C.); (E.P.D.); (N.P.); (M.P.); (B.L.)
| | - Laura A. Saarimäki
- Finnish Hub for Development and Validation of Integrated Approaches (FHAIVE), Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, 33100 Tampere, Finland; (G.d.G.); (D.G.); (L.A.S.)
| | - Helena Soares
- Laboratory of Immunobiology and Pathogenesis, Chronic Diseases Research Centre, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas Medical School, University of Lisbon, 1649-004 Lisbon, Portugal;
| | - Kristie Sullivan
- Physicians Committee for Responsible Medicine, Washington, DC 20016, USA;
| | - Brigitte Landesmann
- European Commission, Joint Research Centre (JRC), 21027 Ispra, Italy; (S.C.); (E.P.D.); (N.P.); (M.P.); (B.L.)
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6
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Thibord F, Song C, Pattee J, Rodriguez BAT, Chen MH, O'Donnell CJ, Kleber ME, Delgado GE, Guo X, Yao J, Taylor KD, Ozel AB, Brody JA, McKnight B, Gyorgy B, Simonsick E, Leonard HL, Carrasquilla GD, Guindo-Martinez M, Silveira A, Temprano-Sagrera G, Yanek LR, Becker DM, Mathias RA, Becker LC, Raffield LM, Kilpeläinen TO, Grarup N, Pedersen O, Hansen T, Linneberg A, Hamsten A, Watkins H, Sabater-Lleal M, Nalls MA, Trégouët DA, Morange PE, Psaty BM, Tracy RP, Smith NL, Desch KC, Cushman M, Rotter JI, de Vries PS, Pankratz ND, Folsom AR, Morrison AC, März W, Tang W, Johnson AD. FGL1 as a modulator of plasma D-dimer levels: Exome-wide marker analysis of plasma tPA, PAI-1, and D-dimer. J Thromb Haemost 2021; 19:2019-2028. [PMID: 33876560 PMCID: PMC9946195 DOI: 10.1111/jth.15345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2020] [Revised: 04/01/2021] [Accepted: 04/12/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Use of targeted exome-arrays with common, rare variants and functionally enriched variation has led to discovery of new genes contributing to population variation in risk factors. Plasminogen activator-inhibitor 1 (PAI-1), tissue plasminogen activator (tPA), and the plasma product D-dimer are important components of the fibrinolytic system. There have been few large-scale genome-wide or exome-wide studies of PAI-1, tPA, and D-dimer. OBJECTIVES We sought to discover new genetic loci contributing to variation in these traits using an exome-array approach. METHODS Cohort-level analyses and fixed effects meta-analyses of PAI-1 (n = 15 603), tPA (n = 6876,) and D-dimer (n = 19 306) from 12 cohorts of European ancestry with diverse study design were conducted, including single-variant analyses and gene-based burden testing. RESULTS Five variants located in NME7, FGL1, and the fibrinogen locus, all associated with D-dimer levels, achieved genome-wide significance (P < 5 × 10-8 ). Replication was sought for these 5 variants, as well as 45 well-imputed variants with P < 1 × 10-4 in the discovery using an independent cohort. Replication was observed for three out of the five significant associations, including a novel and uncommon (0.013 allele frequency) coding variant p.Trp256Leu in FGL1 (fibrinogen-like-1) with increased plasma D-dimer levels. Additionally, a candidate-gene approach revealed a suggestive association for a coding variant (rs143202684-C) in SERPINB2, and suggestive associations with consistent effect in the replication analysis include an intronic variant (rs11057830-A) in SCARB1 associated with increased D-dimer levels. CONCLUSION This work provides new evidence for a role of FGL1 in hemostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florian Thibord
- The Framingham Heart Study, National Heart Lung and Blood Institute, Framingham, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Ci Song
- The Framingham Heart Study, National Heart Lung and Blood Institute, Framingham, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Jack Pattee
- Division of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
| | - Benjamin A T Rodriguez
- The Framingham Heart Study, National Heart Lung and Blood Institute, Framingham, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Ming-Huei Chen
- The Framingham Heart Study, National Heart Lung and Blood Institute, Framingham, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Christopher J O'Donnell
- The Framingham Heart Study, National Heart Lung and Blood Institute, Framingham, Massachusetts, USA
- U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Marcus E Kleber
- Vth Department of Medicine, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
- SYNLAB MVZ Humangenetik Mannheim GmbH, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Graciela E Delgado
- Vth Department of Medicine, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Xiuqing Guo
- Department of Pediatrics, The Institute for Translational Genomics and Population Sciences, The Lundquist Institute for Biomedical Innovation at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, California, USA
| | - Jie Yao
- Department of Pediatrics, The Institute for Translational Genomics and Population Sciences, The Lundquist Institute for Biomedical Innovation at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, California, USA
| | - Kent D Taylor
- Department of Pediatrics, The Institute for Translational Genomics and Population Sciences, The Lundquist Institute for Biomedical Innovation at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, California, USA
| | - Ayse Bilge Ozel
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Jennifer A Brody
- Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Departments of Medicine, Epidemiology, and Health Services, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Barbara McKnight
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Beata Gyorgy
- INSERM UMRS1166, ICAN - Institute of CardioMetabolism and Nutrition, Sorbonne Université, Paris, France
| | - Eleanor Simonsick
- National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Hampton L Leonard
- National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Germán D Carrasquilla
- Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Marta Guindo-Martinez
- Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Angela Silveira
- Cardiovascular Medicine Unit, Department of Medicine Solna, Karolinska Institutet, Center for Molecular Medicine and Karolinska University Hospital Solna, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Gerard Temprano-Sagrera
- Genomics of Complex Diseases, Research Institute of Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, IIB Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Lisa R Yanek
- GeneSTAR Research Program, Division of General Internal Medicine, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Diane M Becker
- GeneSTAR Research Program, Division of General Internal Medicine, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Rasika A Mathias
- GeneSTAR Research Program, Division of General Internal Medicine, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
- Division of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Lewis C Becker
- GeneSTAR Research Program, Division of General Internal Medicine, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
- Division of Cardiology, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Laura M Raffield
- Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Tuomas O Kilpeläinen
- Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Niels Grarup
- Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Oluf Pedersen
- Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Torben Hansen
- Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Allan Linneberg
- Center for Clinical Research and Prevention, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital, Frederiksberg, Denmark
| | - Anders Hamsten
- Cardiovascular Medicine Unit, Department of Medicine Solna, Karolinska Institutet, Center for Molecular Medicine and Karolinska University Hospital Solna, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Hugh Watkins
- Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Maria Sabater-Lleal
- Cardiovascular Medicine Unit, Department of Medicine Solna, Karolinska Institutet, Center for Molecular Medicine and Karolinska University Hospital Solna, Stockholm, Sweden
- Genomics of Complex Diseases, Research Institute of Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, IIB Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Mike A Nalls
- National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - David-Alexandre Trégouët
- INSERM UMRS1166, ICAN - Institute of CardioMetabolism and Nutrition, Sorbonne Université, Paris, France
- INSERM, BPH, Univ. Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
| | | | - Bruce M Psaty
- Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Departments of Medicine, Epidemiology, and Health Services, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Russel P Tracy
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine & Department of Medicine, Vermont Center on Cardiovascular and Brain Health, Larner College of Medicine at the University of Vermont, Burlington, Vermont, USA
| | - Nicholas L Smith
- Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Departments of Medicine, Epidemiology, and Health Services, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
- Kaiser Permanente Washington Health Research Institute, Kaiser Permanente Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
- Department of Veterans Affairs Office of Research and Development, Seattle Epidemiologic Research and Information Center, Seattle,, Washington, USA
| | - Karl C Desch
- Department of Pediatrics, Cell and Molecular Biology Program, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Mary Cushman
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine & Department of Medicine, Vermont Center on Cardiovascular and Brain Health, Larner College of Medicine at the University of Vermont, Burlington, Vermont, USA
| | - Jerome I Rotter
- Department of Pediatrics, The Institute for Translational Genomics and Population Sciences, The Lundquist Institute for Biomedical Innovation at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, California, USA
| | - Paul S de Vries
- Human Genetics Center, Department of Epidemiology, Human Genetics, and Environmental Sciences, School of Public Health, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Nathan D Pankratz
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, School of Medicine, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
| | - Aaron R Folsom
- Division of Epidemiology and Community Health, School of Public Health, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
| | - Alanna C Morrison
- Human Genetics Center, Department of Epidemiology, Human Genetics, and Environmental Sciences, School of Public Health, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Winfried März
- Vth Department of Medicine, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
- Synlab Academy, Synlab Holding Deutschland GmbH, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Weihong Tang
- Division of Epidemiology and Community Health, School of Public Health, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
| | - Andrew D Johnson
- The Framingham Heart Study, National Heart Lung and Blood Institute, Framingham, Massachusetts, USA
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7
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Changing Perspectives on HDL: From Simple Quantity Measurements to Functional Quality Assessment. J Lipids 2021; 2021:5585521. [PMID: 33996157 PMCID: PMC8096543 DOI: 10.1155/2021/5585521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2021] [Revised: 04/10/2021] [Accepted: 04/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
High-density lipoprotein (HDL) comprises a heterogeneous group of particles differing in size, density, and composition. HDL cholesterol (HDL-C) levels have long been suggested to indicate cardiovascular risk, inferred from multiple epidemiological studies. The failure of HDL-C targeted interventions and genetic studies has raised doubts on the atheroprotective role of HDL-C. The current consensus is that HDL-C is neither a biomarker nor a causative agent of cardiovascular disorders. With better understanding of the complex nature of HDL which comprises a large number of proteins and lipids with unique functions, recent focus has shifted from HDL quantity to HDL quality in terms of atheroprotective functions. The current research is focused on developing laboratory assays to assess HDL functions for cardiovascular risk prediction. Also, HDL mimetics designed based on the key determinants of HDL functions are being investigated to modify cardiovascular risk. Improving HDL functions by altering its composition is the key area of future research in HDL biology to reduce cardiovascular risk.
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8
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Henry BM, Szergyuk I, de Oliveira MHS, Abosamak MF, Benoit SW, Benoit JL, Lippi G. Alterations in the lipid profile associate with a dysregulated inflammatory, prothrombotic, anti-fibrinolytic state and development of severe acute kidney injury in coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19): A study from Cincinnati, USA. Diabetes Metab Syndr 2021; 15:863-868. [PMID: 33878674 PMCID: PMC8045427 DOI: 10.1016/j.dsx.2021.04.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2021] [Revised: 04/03/2021] [Accepted: 04/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Reduction of atherogenic lipoproteins is often the ultimate goal of nutritional interventions, however this is complicated given that hypolipidemia is frequently observed in coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) patients. We aimed to explore the association of hypolipidemia with patient outcomes in terms of immunothrombosis and multiorgan injury, focusing on specialized apolipoproteins apo A1 and apo B. METHODS Lipid profiles of 50 COVID-19 patients and 30 sick controls presenting to the Emergency Department (ED) were measured in this prospective observational study. The primary outcome was development of severe acute kidney injury (AKI). Need for hospitalization and ICU admission were secondary outcomes. Lipoproteins were analyzed for independent association with serum creatinine (SCr) increase ratio and correlated with a wide panel of biomarkers. RESULTS COVID-19 cohort had significantly lower apo A1 (p = 0.006), and higher apo B/apo A1 ratio (p = 0.041). Patients developing severe AKI had significantly lower LDL-C (p = 0.021). Apo B/apo A1 was associated with 2.25-fold decrease in serum SCr increase ratio, while LDL-C with a 1.5% decrease. Hypolipidemia correlated with low plasminogen, ADAMTS13 activity/VWF:Ag, and high inflammatory biomarkers (CRP, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10), plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1), ED creatinine, and SCr increase ratio. CONCLUSION Although favored in dietetics, findings of a low LDL-C in COVID-19 patients should be alarming in light of our observations. Low apo B/apo A1 ratio and LDL-C are predictive of renal deterioration in COVID-19 patients, and low LDL-C in particular may potentially serve to indicate COVID-19 related AKI driven by disrupted fibrinolysis and a secondary thrombotic microangiopathy-like process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brandon M Henry
- Cardiac Intensive Care Unit, The Heart Institute, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Ohio, USA.
| | - Ivan Szergyuk
- Faculty of Medicine, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow, Poland
| | | | | | - Stefanie W Benoit
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA; Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Justin L Benoit
- Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Giuseppe Lippi
- Section of Clinical Biochemistry, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
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9
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Cochran BJ, Ong KL, Manandhar B, Rye KA. APOA1: a Protein with Multiple Therapeutic Functions. Curr Atheroscler Rep 2021; 23:11. [PMID: 33591433 DOI: 10.1007/s11883-021-00906-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/08/2021] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF THE REVIEW Apolipoprotein (APO) A1, the main apolipoprotein of plasma high-density lipoproteins (HDLs), has several well documented cardioprotective functions. A number of additional potentially beneficial functions of APOA1 have recently been identified. This review is concerned with the therapeutic potential of all of these functions in multiple disease states. RECENT FINDINGS Knowledge of the beneficial functions of APOA1 in atherosclerosis, thrombosis, diabetes, cancer, and neurological disorders is increasing exponentially. These insights have led to the development of clinically relevant peptides and APOA1-containing, synthetic reconstituted HDL (rHDL) preparations that mimic the functions of full-length APOA1. APOA1 is a multifunctional apolipoprotein that has therapeutic potential in several diseases. Translation of this knowledge into the clinic is likely to be dependent on the efficacy and bioavailability of small peptides and synthetic rHDL preparations that are currently under investigation, or in development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Blake J Cochran
- Lipid Research Group, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales Sydney, Level 4E Wallace Wurth Building, Kensington, New South Wales, 2052, Australia
| | - Kwok-Leung Ong
- Lipid Research Group, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales Sydney, Level 4E Wallace Wurth Building, Kensington, New South Wales, 2052, Australia
| | - Bikash Manandhar
- Lipid Research Group, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales Sydney, Level 4E Wallace Wurth Building, Kensington, New South Wales, 2052, Australia
| | - Kerry-Anne Rye
- Lipid Research Group, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales Sydney, Level 4E Wallace Wurth Building, Kensington, New South Wales, 2052, Australia.
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10
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Gautam I, Storad Z, Filipiak L, Huss C, Meikle CK, Worth RG, Wuescher LM. From Classical to Unconventional: The Immune Receptors Facilitating Platelet Responses to Infection and Inflammation. BIOLOGY 2020; 9:E343. [PMID: 33092021 PMCID: PMC7589078 DOI: 10.3390/biology9100343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2020] [Revised: 10/06/2020] [Accepted: 10/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Platelets have long been recognized for their role in maintaining the balance between hemostasis and thrombosis. While their contributions to blood clotting have been well established, it has been increasingly evident that their roles extend to both innate and adaptive immune functions during infection and inflammation. In this comprehensive review, we describe the various ways in which platelets interact with different microbes and elicit immune responses either directly, or through modulation of leukocyte behaviors.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Leah M. Wuescher
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, University of Toledo College of Medicine and Life Sciences, Toledo, OH 43614, USA; (I.G.); (Z.S.); (L.F.); (C.H.); (C.K.M.); (R.G.W.)
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11
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Shi C, Yang L, Braun A, Anders HJ. Extracellular DNA-A Danger Signal Triggering Immunothrombosis. Front Immunol 2020; 11:568513. [PMID: 33117353 PMCID: PMC7575749 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.568513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2020] [Accepted: 09/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Clotting and inflammation are effective danger response patterns positively selected by evolution to limit fatal bleeding and pathogen invasion upon traumatic injuries. As a trade-off, thrombotic, and thromboembolic events complicate severe forms of infectious and non-infectious states of acute and chronic inflammation, i.e., immunothrombosis. Factors linked to thrombosis and inflammation include mediators released by platelet granules, complement, and lipid mediators and certain integrins. Extracellular deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) was a previously unrecognized cellular component in the blood, which elicits profound proinflammatory and prothrombotic effects. Pathogens trigger the release of extracellular DNA together with other pathogen-associated molecular patterns. Dying cells in the inflamed or infected tissue release extracellular DNA together with other danger associated molecular pattern (DAMPs). Neutrophils release DNA by forming neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) during infection, trauma or other forms of vascular injury. Fluorescence tissue imaging localized extracellular DNA to sites of injury and to intravascular thrombi. Functional studies using deoxyribonuclease (DNase)-deficient mouse strains or recombinant DNase show that extracellular DNA contributes to the process of immunothrombosis. Here, we review rodent models of immunothrombosis and the evolving evidence for extracellular DNA as a driver of immunothrombosis and discuss challenges and prospects for extracellular DNA as a potential therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chongxu Shi
- Renal Division, Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik IV, Klinikum der Universität München, Ludwig-Maximilians University Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Luying Yang
- Renal Division, Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik IV, Klinikum der Universität München, Ludwig-Maximilians University Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Attila Braun
- German Center for Lung Research, Walther-Straub-Institute for Pharmacology and Toxicology, Ludwig-Maximilians University Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Hans-Joachim Anders
- Renal Division, Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik IV, Klinikum der Universität München, Ludwig-Maximilians University Munich, Munich, Germany
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12
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Michels A, Dwyer CN, Mewburn J, Nesbitt K, Kawecki C, Lenting P, Swystun LL, Lillicrap D. von Willebrand Factor Is a Critical Mediator of Deep Vein Thrombosis in a Mouse Model of Diet-Induced Obesity. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2020; 40:2860-2874. [PMID: 32967458 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.120.314690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Obesity is characterized by chronic low-grade inflammation and consequentially a hypercoagulable state, associating with an increased incidence of venous thromboembolism. Increased VWF (von Willebrand factor) plasma concentration and procoagulant function are independent risk factors for venous thromboembolism and are elevated in obese patients. Here, we explore the pathobiological role of VWF in obesity-associated venous thrombosis using murine models. Approach and Results: We first showed that diet-induced obese mice have increased VWF plasma levels and FVIII (factor VIII) activity compared with littermate controls. Elevated VWF levels appeared to be because of both increased synthesis and impaired clearance. Diet-induced obesity-associated venous thrombosis was assessed using the inferior vena cava-stenosis model of deep vein thrombosis. Diet-induced obese mice developed larger venous thrombi that were rich in VWF, erythrocytes, and leukocytes. Administering a polyclonal anti-VWF antibody or an anti-VWF A1 domain nanobody was protective against obesity-mediated thrombogenicity. Delayed administration (3 hours post-inferior vena cava stenosis) similarly reduced thrombus weight in diet-induced obese mice. CONCLUSIONS This study demonstrates the critical role of VWF in the complex, thrombo-inflammatory state of obesity. It adds to the growing rationale for targeting VWF-specific interactions in thrombotic disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alison Michels
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine (A.M., C.N.D., K.N., L.L.S., D.L.), Queen's University, Kingston, ON, Canada
| | - Courtney N Dwyer
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine (A.M., C.N.D., K.N., L.L.S., D.L.), Queen's University, Kingston, ON, Canada
| | - Jeffrey Mewburn
- Cancer Research Institute (J.M.), Queen's University, Kingston, ON, Canada
| | - Kate Nesbitt
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine (A.M., C.N.D., K.N., L.L.S., D.L.), Queen's University, Kingston, ON, Canada
| | - Charlotte Kawecki
- INSERM U1176, Hémostase Inflammation Thrombose, University Paris-Sud, University Paris-Saclay, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France (C.K., P.L.)
| | - Peter Lenting
- INSERM U1176, Hémostase Inflammation Thrombose, University Paris-Sud, University Paris-Saclay, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France (C.K., P.L.)
| | - Laura L Swystun
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine (A.M., C.N.D., K.N., L.L.S., D.L.), Queen's University, Kingston, ON, Canada
| | - David Lillicrap
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine (A.M., C.N.D., K.N., L.L.S., D.L.), Queen's University, Kingston, ON, Canada
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13
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Ma B, Jia J, Wang X, Zhang R, Niu S, Ni L, Di X, Liu C. Differential roles of Scavenger receptor class B type I: A protective molecule and a facilitator of atherosclerosis (Review). Mol Med Rep 2020; 22:2599-2604. [PMID: 32945418 PMCID: PMC7453654 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2020.11383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2020] [Accepted: 07/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The scavenger receptor class B type I (SR-BI) is a multi-ligand membrane protein receptor that binds to high-density lipoprotein (HDL) under physiological conditions, promoting the selective uptake of cholesterol esters from HDL into cells. SR-BI also promotes the reverse transport of excess cholesterol from peripheral tissues to the liver, contributing to the synthesis of bile acids for excretion and the removal of excess cholesterol from the body, thereby lowering the cholesterol load and exerting anti-atherosclerotic effects. Studies in mice and humans have demonstrated that a functional defect of SR-BI can cause atherosclerotic lesions and cardiovascular diseases, such as myocardial infarction and stroke. Additionally, SR-BI in vascular endothelial cells promoted the deposition of low-density lipoprotein under the endothelium. Although SR-BI is widely expressed in various tissues and cell types throughout the body, its expression level and function vary accordingly. The present review focuses on the biological functions and mechanisms of SR-BI in regulating atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baitao Ma
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100730, P.R. China
| | - Jing Jia
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Tongji Hospital of Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, P.R. China
| | - Xuebin Wang
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100730, P.R. China
| | - Rui Zhang
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100730, P.R. China
| | - Shuai Niu
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100730, P.R. China
| | - Leng Ni
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100730, P.R. China
| | - Xiao Di
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100730, P.R. China
| | - Changwei Liu
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100730, P.R. China
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14
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Diaz JA, Saha P, Cooley B, Palmer OR, Grover SP, Mackman N, Wakefield TW, Henke PK, Smith A, Lal BK. Choosing a Mouse Model of Venous Thrombosis. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2020; 39:311-318. [PMID: 30786739 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.118.311818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Murine models are widely used valuable tools to study deep vein thrombosis. Leading experts in venous thrombosis research came together through the American Venous Forum to develop a consensus on maximizing the utility and application of available mouse models of venous thrombosis. In this work, we provide an algorithm for model selection, with discussion of the advantages, disadvantages, and applications of the main mouse models of venous thrombosis. Additionally, we provide a detailed surgical description of the models with guidelines to validate surgical technique.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jose A Diaz
- From the Department of Surgery, Vascular Surgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor (J.A.D., O.R.P., T.W.W., P.K.H.)
| | - Prakash Saha
- Academic Department of Vascular Surgery, King's College London, UK (P.S., A.S.)
| | - Brian Cooley
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology/Oncology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill (B.C., S.P.G., N.M.)
| | - Olivia R Palmer
- From the Department of Surgery, Vascular Surgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor (J.A.D., O.R.P., T.W.W., P.K.H.)
| | - Steven P Grover
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology/Oncology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill (B.C., S.P.G., N.M.)
| | - Nigel Mackman
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology/Oncology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill (B.C., S.P.G., N.M.)
| | - Thomas W Wakefield
- From the Department of Surgery, Vascular Surgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor (J.A.D., O.R.P., T.W.W., P.K.H.)
| | - Peter K Henke
- From the Department of Surgery, Vascular Surgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor (J.A.D., O.R.P., T.W.W., P.K.H.)
| | - Alberto Smith
- Academic Department of Vascular Surgery, King's College London, UK (P.S., A.S.)
| | - Brajesh K Lal
- Department of Surgery, University of Maryland, College Park (B.K.L.)
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15
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Alipanahzadeh H, Ghulamreza R, Shokouhian M, Bagheri M, Maleknia M. Deep vein thrombosis: a less noticed complication in hematologic malignancies and immunologic disorders. J Thromb Thrombolysis 2019; 50:318-329. [PMID: 31808122 DOI: 10.1007/s11239-019-02005-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Deep vein thrombosis (DVT) is a common complication in hematologic malignancies and immunologic disorders that coagulation and inflammatory factors play a crucial role in its occurrence. The content used in this article has been obtained by PubMed database and Google Scholar search engine of English-language articles (1980-2019) using the "Deep vein thrombosis," "Hematologic malignancies," "Immunologic disorders" and "Treatment." Increased levels of coagulation factors, the presence of genetic disorders, or the use of thrombotic drugs that stimulate coagulation processes are risk factors for the development of DVT in patients with hematologic malignancies. Inflammatory and auto-anti-inflammatory factors, along with coagulant factors, play an essential role in the formation of venous thrombosis in patients with immunological disorders by increasing the recruitment of inflammatory cells and adhesion molecules. Therefore, anti-coagulants in hematologic malignancies and immunosuppressants in immune disorders can reduce the risk of developing DVT by reducing thrombotic and inflammatory activity. Considering the increased risk of DVT due to impaired coagulation and inflammation processes, analysis of coagulation and inflammatory factors have prognostic values in patients with immunologic deficiencies and hematologic malignancies. Evaluation of these factors as diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers in the prediction of thrombotic events could be beneficial in implementing effective treatment strategies for DVT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hassan Alipanahzadeh
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Kabul University Medical Science, Kabul, Afghanistan
| | - Reza Ghulamreza
- Department of Abdominal Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Kabul University Medical Science, Kabul, Afghanistan
| | - Mohammad Shokouhian
- Department of Hematology and Blood Transfusion, School of Allied Medical Sciences, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Marziye Bagheri
- Thalassemia & Hemoglobinopathy Research Center, Health Research Institute, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran.,Student Research Committee, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Mohsen Maleknia
- Thalassemia & Hemoglobinopathy Research Center, Health Research Institute, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran. .,Student Research Committee, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran.
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16
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Abstract
Deep vein thrombosis (DVT) is a disease with high prevalence and morbidity. It can lead to pulmonary embolism with severe respiratory insufficiency and risk of death. Mechanisms behind all stages of DVT, such as thrombosis commencement, propagation, and resolution, remain incompletely understood. Animal models represent an invaluable tool to explore these problems and identify new targets for DVT prevention and treatment. In this review, we discuss existing models of venous thrombosis, their advantages and disadvantages, and applicability to studying different aspects of DVT pathophysiology. We also speculate about requirements for an "ideal model" that would best recapitulate features of human DVT and discuss readouts of various models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joana Campos
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham , Birmingham, UK
| | - Alexander Brill
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham , Birmingham, UK.,Department of Pathophysiology, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University) , Moscow, Russia.,Centre of Membrane Proteins and Receptors (COMPARE), Universities of Birmingham and Nottingham , The Midlands, UK
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17
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Dai X, Ding W, Li H, Xu P, Huang Z, Zhu W, Liu J. Associations of Serum Lipids and Deep Venous Thrombosis Risk After Total Knee Arthroplasty in Patients With Primary Knee Osteoarthritis. INT J LOW EXTR WOUND 2019; 19:51-56. [PMID: 31409158 DOI: 10.1177/1534734619868123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Deep venous thrombosis (DVT) of the lower extremities is a common complication after total knee arthroplasty (TKA). This study aimed to investigate the potential associations between serum lipids and the risk of DVT after TKA in patients with primary knee osteoarthritis (OA). A total of 431 patients who received TKA caused by primary knee OA were randomly enrolled. According to the results of the color Doppler ultrasound of bilateral lower extremities deep veins on the third day postoperatively, patients were divided into DVT and non-DVT groups. Comparisons of preoperative serum levels of triglycerides, total cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), apolipoprotein A1, and apolipoprotein B were then performed by the Student’s t test, χ2 test, and multivariate logistic regression analysis. For females, DVT patients had a higher serum LDL-C level at baseline ( P = .043) compared with non-DVT patients. A higher LDL-C value was significantly associated with an elevated DVT risk following TKA in female patients ( P = .037). In female patients with primary knee OA, preoperative serum LDL-C level may have an association with DVT risk after TKA. The relatively small male sample size may limit the accuracy of the findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyu Dai
- The First People’s Hospital of Changzhou Affiliated to Soochow University, Changzhou, Jiangsu, People’s Republic of China
| | - Wenge Ding
- The First People’s Hospital of Changzhou Affiliated to Soochow University, Changzhou, Jiangsu, People’s Republic of China
| | - Huan Li
- The First People’s Hospital of Changzhou Affiliated to Soochow University, Changzhou, Jiangsu, People’s Republic of China
| | - Peng Xu
- The First People’s Hospital of Changzhou Affiliated to Soochow University, Changzhou, Jiangsu, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhihui Huang
- The First People’s Hospital of Changzhou Affiliated to Soochow University, Changzhou, Jiangsu, People’s Republic of China
| | - Wenjun Zhu
- The First People’s Hospital of Changzhou Affiliated to Soochow University, Changzhou, Jiangsu, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jinbo Liu
- The First People’s Hospital of Changzhou Affiliated to Soochow University, Changzhou, Jiangsu, People’s Republic of China
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18
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Chen D, Ganesh S, Wang W, Amiji M. The role of surface chemistry in serum protein corona-mediated cellular delivery and gene silencing with lipid nanoparticles. NANOSCALE 2019; 11:8760-8775. [PMID: 30793730 DOI: 10.1039/c8nr09855g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Delivery of genetic medicines, such as small interfering RNA (siRNA), by lipid nanoparticles (LNPs) is a promising approach towards the treatment of diseases, such as solid tumors. However, in vitro and in vivo nanoparticle delivery efficiency is influenced by the formation of a protein corona in biological media. In this study, we have formulated four types of EnCore nanoparticles (F1 to F4) with a similar composition, but different polyethylene glycol (PEG) conjugated lipid chain lengths (carbon 14 vs. carbon 18) and molar ratios (6% vs. 3%). These LNPs showed dramatic differences in cellular delivery and transfection in hepatocellular carcinoma (HepG2) cells in the absence and presence of fetal bovine serum (FBS). The presence of proteins inhibited the cellular uptake of C18 (3%) nanoparticles, while it facilitated the cellular uptake of C14 nanoparticles. Among the adsorbed proteins from FBS, apolipoprotein E, but not apolipoprotein A1, affected the cellular uptake of the carbon 14 LNPs. Additionally, surface PEG was one of the determinants for the protein corona amount and composition. Finally, different serum to LNP volume ratios resulted in different protein enrichment patterns. Overall, the results showed a correlation between surface chemistry of LNPs and the protein corona composition suggesting a potential use for targeted delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongyu Chen
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Northeastern University, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
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19
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Diaz JA, Saha P, Cooley B, Palmer OR, Grover SP, Mackman N, Wakefield TW, Henke PK, Smith A, Lal BK. Choosing a mouse model of venous thrombosis: a consensus assessment of utility and application. J Thromb Haemost 2019; 17:699-707. [PMID: 30927321 DOI: 10.1111/jth.14413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Murine models are widely used valuable tools to study deep vein thrombosis (VT). Leading experts in VT research came together through the American Venous Forum to develop a consensus on maximizing the utility and application of available mouse models of VT. In this work, we provide an algorithm for model selection, with discussion of the advantages, disadvantages, and applications of the main mouse models of VT. Additionally, we provide a detailed surgical description of the models with guidelines to validate surgical technique.
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20
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Budnik I, Brill A. Immune Factors in Deep Vein Thrombosis Initiation. Trends Immunol 2018; 39:610-623. [PMID: 29776849 PMCID: PMC6065414 DOI: 10.1016/j.it.2018.04.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2018] [Revised: 04/21/2018] [Accepted: 04/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Deep vein thrombosis (DVT) is a major origin of morbidity and mortality. While DVT has long been considered as blood coagulation disorder, several recent lines of evidence demonstrate that immune cells and inflammatory processes are involved in DVT initiation. Here, we discuss these mechanisms, in particular, the role of immune cells in endothelial activation, and the immune cascades leading to expression of adhesion receptors on endothelial cells. We analyze the specific recruitment and functional roles of different immune cells, such as mast cells and leukocytes, in DVT. Importantly, we also speculate how immune modulation could be used for DVT prevention with a lower risk of bleeding complications than conventional therapeutic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivan Budnik
- Department of Pathophysiology, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Alexander Brill
- Department of Pathophysiology, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, Russia; Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK.
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21
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Hamidpour M, Bashash D, Nehzati P, Abbasalizadeh M, Nikoogoftar M, Hamidpour R. The expression of hSR-B1 on platelets of patients with coronary artery disease (CAD). Clin Hemorheol Microcirc 2018; 71:9-15. [PMID: 29865042 DOI: 10.3233/ch-170311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The human scavenger receptor class B type 1 (hSR-B1), which serves as a high affinity receptor for HDL, is expressed on platelet surface and mediates various anti-atherogenic functions. Based on the anti-thrombotic effect of HDL and the importance of HDL-SR-B1 in the formation of atherosclerotic plaque, the present study was aimed to investigate and compare the expression level of hSR-B1on platelets of CAD patients with that of normal controls. METHODS The expression of the hSR-B1 on platelets of 31 CAD patients with atherosclerotic plaque and 20 healthy controls were detected using flowcytometry and western blotting. Moreover, platelet function in response to the agonists was examined by aggregometry, and the lipid panel tests were assayed using chemistry autoanalyzer. RESULTS Our findings showed that the expression of hSR-B1 was significantly reduced on the surface of platelets from CAD patients with atherosclerotic disease, as compared with healthy controls (6/8% vs. 13/6%) (P < 0,001). Of particular of interest, we also found that the formation of aggregates after stimulation of the platelets with ADP was higher in patients with atherosclerotic disease than the controls; indicating an inverse relationship between hSR-B1 expression and the function of human platelets. CONCLUSION Taken together, the results of the present study raise the possibility that the measurement of hSR-B1 expression on human platelets may provide a valuable insight that reflects the status of RCT in patients with atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohsen Hamidpour
- Hemopoeitic Stem cell Research Centre (HSCRC), Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Department of Hematology and Blood Banking, School of Allied Medical Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Davood Bashash
- Department of Hematology and Blood Banking, School of Allied Medical Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Parisa Nehzati
- Student Research Committee, Department of Hematology and Blood Banking, School of Allied Medical Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mahnaz Abbasalizadeh
- Department of Hematology and Blood Banking, School of Allied Medical Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mahin Nikoogoftar
- Iranian Blood Transfusion Research Center, High Institute for Research and Education inTransfusion Medicine, Iranian Blood Transfusion Organization (IBTO), Tehran, Iran
| | - Rafie Hamidpour
- Departmentof Herbal Medicine, Pars Biosciences Research Center, Leawood, KS, USA
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22
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Mukhopadhyay S, Johnson TA, Sarkar R, Antalis TM. Serpins in Venous Thrombosis and Venous Thrombus Resolution. Methods Mol Biol 2018; 1826:197-211. [PMID: 30194602 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-8645-3_13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Several serpins function as potent inhibitors of thrombolytic serine proteases. Venous thrombosis is a common and debilitating condition whose incidence is on the rise. Studies using genetically modified mice and inhibitors have shown that the plasminogen activator inhibitors (PAI), PAI-1 and PAI-2, are primary regulators of plasminogen activation and contribute to regulating the resolution of experimental venous thrombi, via inflammatory mechanisms, vascular remodeling, and inhibition of fibrinolysis. Therapies to accelerate venous thrombus resolution would be beneficial, since delayed or incomplete clot resolution frequently leads to postthrombotic syndrome, a long-term complication associated with debilitating limb swelling, pain, and recurrent skin ulceration. Here we describe a useful and reproducible mouse model for the study of venous thrombus resolution involving ligation of the inferior vena cava and elucidation of the molecular and cellular determinants of venous thrombus formation and resolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Subhradip Mukhopadhyay
- Center for Vascular and Inflammatory Diseases, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.,Departments of Surgery and Physiology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Tierra A Johnson
- Center for Vascular and Inflammatory Diseases, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Rajabrata Sarkar
- Center for Vascular and Inflammatory Diseases, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.,Departments of Surgery and Physiology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Toni M Antalis
- Center for Vascular and Inflammatory Diseases, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA. .,Departments of Surgery and Physiology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA. .,Veterans Affairs Maryland Health Care System, Baltimore, MD, USA.
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23
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Abstract
Deep vein thrombosis (DVT) and its devastating complication, pulmonary embolism, are a severe health problem with high mortality. Mechanisms of thrombus formation in veins remain obscure. Lack of mobility (e.g., after surgery or long-haul flights) is one of the main factors leading to DVT. The pathophysiological consequence of the lack of mobility is blood flow stagnation in venous valves. Here, a model is described that mimics such flow disturbance as a thrombosis-driving factor. In this model, partial flow restriction (stenosis) in the inferior vena cava (IVC) is created. Closure of about 90% of the IVC lumen for 48 h results in development of thrombi structurally similar to those in humans. The similarities are: i) most of the thrombus volume is red, i.e., consists of red blood cells and fibrin, ii) presence of a white part (lines of Zahn), iii) non-denuded endothelial monolayer, iv) elevated plasma D-Dimer levels, and v) possibility to prevent thrombosis by low molecular weight heparin. Limitations include variable size of thrombi and the fact that a certain percentage of wild-type mice (0 - 35%) may not produce a thrombus. In addition to visual observation and measurement, thrombi may be visualized by non-invasive technologies, such as ultrasonography, which allows for monitoring the dynamics of thrombus development. At shorter time points (1 - 6 h), intravital microscopy may be applied to directly observe events (e.g., recruitment of cells to the vessel wall) preceding thrombus formation. Use of this method by several teams around the world has made it possible to uncover basic mechanisms of DVT initiation and identify potential targets that might be beneficial for its prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Holly Payne
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham
| | - Alexander Brill
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham;
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24
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Yu P, Xiong T, Tenedero CB, Lebeau P, Ni R, MacDonald ME, Gross PL, Austin RC, Trigatti BL. Rosuvastatin Reduces Aortic Sinus and Coronary Artery Atherosclerosis in SR-B1 (Scavenger Receptor Class B Type 1)/ApoE (Apolipoprotein E) Double Knockout Mice Independently of Plasma Cholesterol Lowering. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2017; 38:26-39. [PMID: 29162602 PMCID: PMC5757666 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.117.305140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2017] [Accepted: 11/08/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Supplemental Digital Content is available in the text. Objective— Rosuvastatin has been widely used in the primary and secondary prevention of coronary heart disease. However, its antiatherosclerotic properties have not been tested in a mouse model that could mimic human coronary heart disease. The present study was designed to test the effects of rosuvastatin on coronary artery atherosclerosis and myocardial fibrosis in SR-B1 (scavenger receptor class B type 1) and apoE (apolipoprotein E) double knockout mice. Approach and Results— Three-week-old SR-B1−/−/apoE−/− mice were injected daily with 10 mg/kg of rosuvastatin for 2 weeks. Compared with saline-treated mice, rosuvastatin-treated mice showed increased levels of hepatic PCSK9 (proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type-9) and LDLR (low-density lipoprotein receptor) message, increased plasma PCSK9 protein but decreased levels of hepatic LDLR protein and increased plasma total cholesterol associated with apoB (apolipoprotein B) 48-containing lipoproteins. In spite of this, rosuvastatin treatment was associated with decreased atherosclerosis in both the aortic sinus and coronary arteries and reduced platelet accumulation in atherosclerotic coronary arteries. Cardiac fibrosis and cardiomegaly were also attenuated in rosuvastatin-treated SR-B1−/−/apoE−/− mice. Two-week treatment with rosuvastatin resulted in significant decreases in markers of oxidized phospholipids in atherosclerotic plaques. In vitro analysis showed that incubation of bone marrow-derived macrophages with rosuvastatin substantially downregulated cluster of differentiation (CD)36 and inhibited oxidized LDL-induced foam cell formation. Conclusions— Rosuvastatin protected SR-B1−/−/apoE−/− mice against atherosclerosis and platelet accumulation in coronary arteries and attenuated myocardial fibrosis and cardiomegaly, despite increased plasma total cholesterol. The ability of rosuvastatin to reduce oxidized phospholipids in atherosclerotic plaques and inhibit macrophage foam cell formation may have contributed to this protection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pei Yu
- From the Thrombosis and Atherosclerosis Research Institute, McMaster University and Hamilton Health Sciences (P.Y., T.X., C.B.T., R.N., M.E.M., P.L.G., R.C.A., B.L.T.), St. Joseph's Hamilton Healthcare and Hamilton Center for Kidney Research (P.L., R.C.A.), Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences (P.Y., T.X., C.B.T., M.E.M., B.L.T.), and Department of Medicine (P.L., R.N., P.L.G., R.C.A.), McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Ting Xiong
- From the Thrombosis and Atherosclerosis Research Institute, McMaster University and Hamilton Health Sciences (P.Y., T.X., C.B.T., R.N., M.E.M., P.L.G., R.C.A., B.L.T.), St. Joseph's Hamilton Healthcare and Hamilton Center for Kidney Research (P.L., R.C.A.), Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences (P.Y., T.X., C.B.T., M.E.M., B.L.T.), and Department of Medicine (P.L., R.N., P.L.G., R.C.A.), McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Christine B Tenedero
- From the Thrombosis and Atherosclerosis Research Institute, McMaster University and Hamilton Health Sciences (P.Y., T.X., C.B.T., R.N., M.E.M., P.L.G., R.C.A., B.L.T.), St. Joseph's Hamilton Healthcare and Hamilton Center for Kidney Research (P.L., R.C.A.), Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences (P.Y., T.X., C.B.T., M.E.M., B.L.T.), and Department of Medicine (P.L., R.N., P.L.G., R.C.A.), McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Paul Lebeau
- From the Thrombosis and Atherosclerosis Research Institute, McMaster University and Hamilton Health Sciences (P.Y., T.X., C.B.T., R.N., M.E.M., P.L.G., R.C.A., B.L.T.), St. Joseph's Hamilton Healthcare and Hamilton Center for Kidney Research (P.L., R.C.A.), Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences (P.Y., T.X., C.B.T., M.E.M., B.L.T.), and Department of Medicine (P.L., R.N., P.L.G., R.C.A.), McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Ran Ni
- From the Thrombosis and Atherosclerosis Research Institute, McMaster University and Hamilton Health Sciences (P.Y., T.X., C.B.T., R.N., M.E.M., P.L.G., R.C.A., B.L.T.), St. Joseph's Hamilton Healthcare and Hamilton Center for Kidney Research (P.L., R.C.A.), Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences (P.Y., T.X., C.B.T., M.E.M., B.L.T.), and Department of Medicine (P.L., R.N., P.L.G., R.C.A.), McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Melissa E MacDonald
- From the Thrombosis and Atherosclerosis Research Institute, McMaster University and Hamilton Health Sciences (P.Y., T.X., C.B.T., R.N., M.E.M., P.L.G., R.C.A., B.L.T.), St. Joseph's Hamilton Healthcare and Hamilton Center for Kidney Research (P.L., R.C.A.), Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences (P.Y., T.X., C.B.T., M.E.M., B.L.T.), and Department of Medicine (P.L., R.N., P.L.G., R.C.A.), McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Peter L Gross
- From the Thrombosis and Atherosclerosis Research Institute, McMaster University and Hamilton Health Sciences (P.Y., T.X., C.B.T., R.N., M.E.M., P.L.G., R.C.A., B.L.T.), St. Joseph's Hamilton Healthcare and Hamilton Center for Kidney Research (P.L., R.C.A.), Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences (P.Y., T.X., C.B.T., M.E.M., B.L.T.), and Department of Medicine (P.L., R.N., P.L.G., R.C.A.), McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Richard C Austin
- From the Thrombosis and Atherosclerosis Research Institute, McMaster University and Hamilton Health Sciences (P.Y., T.X., C.B.T., R.N., M.E.M., P.L.G., R.C.A., B.L.T.), St. Joseph's Hamilton Healthcare and Hamilton Center for Kidney Research (P.L., R.C.A.), Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences (P.Y., T.X., C.B.T., M.E.M., B.L.T.), and Department of Medicine (P.L., R.N., P.L.G., R.C.A.), McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Bernardo L Trigatti
- From the Thrombosis and Atherosclerosis Research Institute, McMaster University and Hamilton Health Sciences (P.Y., T.X., C.B.T., R.N., M.E.M., P.L.G., R.C.A., B.L.T.), St. Joseph's Hamilton Healthcare and Hamilton Center for Kidney Research (P.L., R.C.A.), Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences (P.Y., T.X., C.B.T., M.E.M., B.L.T.), and Department of Medicine (P.L., R.N., P.L.G., R.C.A.), McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada.
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25
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Milasan A, Jean G, Dallaire F, Tardif JC, Merhi Y, Sorci-Thomas M, Martel C. Apolipoprotein A-I Modulates Atherosclerosis Through Lymphatic Vessel-Dependent Mechanisms in Mice. J Am Heart Assoc 2017; 6:JAHA.117.006892. [PMID: 28939717 PMCID: PMC5634311 DOI: 10.1161/jaha.117.006892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Background Subcutaneously injected lipid‐free apoA‐I (apolipoprotein A‐I) reduces accumulation of lipid and immune cells within the aortic root of hypercholesterolemic mice without increasing high‐density lipoprotein–cholesterol concentrations. Lymphatic vessels are now recognized as prerequisite players in the modulation of cholesterol removal from the artery wall in experimental conditions of plaque regression, and particular attention has been brought to the role of the collecting lymphatic vessels in early atherosclerosis‐related lymphatic dysfunction. In the present study, we address whether and how preservation of collecting lymphatic function contributes to the protective effect of apoA‐I. Methods and Results Atherosclerotic Ldlr−/− mice treated with low‐dose lipid‐free apoA‐I showed enhanced lymphatic transport and abrogated collecting lymphatic vessel permeability in atherosclerotic Ldlr−/− mice when compared with albumin‐control mice. Treatment of human lymphatic endothelial cells with apoA‐I increased the adhesion of human platelets on lymphatic endothelial cells, in a bridge‐like manner, a mechanism that could strengthen endothelial cell–cell junctions and limit atherosclerosis‐associated collecting lymphatic vessel dysfunction. Experiments performed with blood platelets isolated from apoA‐I‐treated Ldlr−/− mice revealed that apoA‐I decreased ex vivo platelet aggregation. This suggests that in vivo apoA‐I treatment limits platelet thrombotic potential in blood while maintaining the platelet activity needed to sustain adequate lymphatic function. Conclusions Altogether, we bring forward a new pleiotropic role for apoA‐I in lymphatic function and unveil new potential therapeutic targets for the prevention and treatment of atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreea Milasan
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.,Montreal Heart Institute, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Gabriel Jean
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.,Montreal Heart Institute, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | | | - Jean-Claude Tardif
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.,Montreal Heart Institute, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Yahye Merhi
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.,Montreal Heart Institute, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | | | - Catherine Martel
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada .,Montreal Heart Institute, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
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26
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Ju S, Gao Y, Cao X, Zhang XF, Yan CC, Liu FT. Association Between the Lower Extremity Deep Venous Thrombosis, the Warfarin Maintenance Dose, and CYP2C9*3, CYP2D6*10, and CYP3A5*3 Genetic Polymorphisms: A Case-Control Study. Genet Test Mol Biomarkers 2017; 21:539-546. [PMID: 28872889 DOI: 10.1089/gtmb.2017.0090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study explored the association between the CYP2C9*3/CYP2D6*10/CYP3A5*3 genetic polymorphisms with lower extremity deep venous thrombosis (LEDVT) and the warfarin maintenance dose. METHODS Five hundred thirty-six patients who were pathologically diagnosed with LEDVT after surgery were included in the LEDVT group. At the same time, 540 patients without LEDVT who underwent surgery were recruited as the control group. Patients were given warfarin at an initial dose of 2.5-3.0 mg. Blood samples were collected to detect the initial and stable international normalized ratio (INR) values. The warfarin maintenance dose was obtained if the INR remained within a range of 2.0-3.0 for 3 consecutive days. The genotype distribution and haplotype analysis of the CYP2C9*3/CYP2D6*10/CYP3A5*3 alleles were analyzed using polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) testing and SHEsis software, respectively. Logistic regression analysis was used to analyze the risk and protective factors for LEDVT. RESULTS The A/G genotypes, G/G genotypes, and G allele of CYP3A5*3 in the LEDVT group were observed with increased frequency compared with the control group. The LEDVT group displayed a higher ACG haplotype frequency, and lower ACA and ATA haplotype frequencies than the control group. Age, diabetes, low-density lipoprotein, CYP3A5*3 and the ACG haplotype were independent risk factors for LEDVT. High-density lipoprotein and the ACA haplotype were independent protective factors for LEDVT. The genotype distributions of the CYP2C9*3, CYP2D6*10, and CYP3A5*3 genetic polymorphisms were associated with the warfarin maintenance dose. CONCLUSION The CYP3A5*3 genetic polymorphism may be an important risk factor for LEDVT. Moreover, CYP2C9*3, CYP2D6*10, and CYP3A5*3 are associated with the warfarin maintenance dose.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shang Ju
- Department of Peripheral Vascular, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine Dongzhimen Hospital , Beijing, China
| | - Yu Gao
- Department of Peripheral Vascular, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine Dongzhimen Hospital , Beijing, China
| | - Xin Cao
- Department of Peripheral Vascular, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine Dongzhimen Hospital , Beijing, China
| | - Xiao-Fu Zhang
- Department of Peripheral Vascular, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine Dongzhimen Hospital , Beijing, China
| | - Cheng-Cheng Yan
- Department of Peripheral Vascular, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine Dongzhimen Hospital , Beijing, China
| | - Feng-Tong Liu
- Department of Peripheral Vascular, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine Dongzhimen Hospital , Beijing, China
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27
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Lipid levels and risk of venous thrombosis: results from the MEGA-study. Eur J Epidemiol 2017; 32:669-681. [PMID: 28540474 PMCID: PMC5591362 DOI: 10.1007/s10654-017-0251-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2016] [Accepted: 04/29/2017] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
The relationship between lipid levels and risk of venous thrombosis is not well established. We aimed to assess the association between several lipids and risk of venous thrombosis using data from a population-based case-control study, and to evaluate the underlying mechanism, considering confounding by common risk factors and mediation via hemostatic factors and C-reactive protein. From the Multiple Environmental and Genetic Assessment of risk factors for venous thrombosis (MEGA) study, 2234 patients with a first venous thrombosis and 2873 controls were included. Percentile categories of total/low-density lipoprotein/high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, triglycerides, and apolipoproteins B and A1 were established in controls (<10th, 10th-25th, 25th-75th [reference], 75th-90th, >90th percentile). In age- and sex-adjusted models, decreasing levels of apolipoproteins B and A1 were dose-dependently associated with increased thrombosis risk, with odds ratios of 1.35 (95% confidence interval 1.12-1.62) and 1.50 (95% confidence interval 1.25-1.79) for the lowest category versus the reference category, respectively. The dose-response relation remained with further adjustment for body mass index, estrogen use, statin use, and diabetes. Although apolipoproteins B and A1 were associated with several hemostatic factors and C-reactive protein, none explained the increased risk in mediation analyses. The other lipids were not associated with venous thrombosis risk. In conclusion, decreasing levels of apolipoproteins B and A1 were associated with increased risk of venous thrombosis. Our findings are consistent with experimental data on the anticoagulant properties of apolipoproteins B and A1. These findings need to be confirmed and the underlying mechanism further investigated.
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28
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Hoekstra M. SR-BI as target in atherosclerosis and cardiovascular disease - A comprehensive appraisal of the cellular functions of SR-BI in physiology and disease. Atherosclerosis 2017; 258:153-161. [DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2017.01.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2016] [Revised: 01/25/2017] [Accepted: 01/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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29
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Mice with a deficiency in CLEC-2 are protected against deep vein thrombosis. Blood 2017; 129:2013-2020. [PMID: 28104688 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2016-09-742999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 126] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2016] [Accepted: 01/11/2017] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Deep vein thrombosis (DVT) with its major complication, pulmonary embolism, is a global health problem. Mechanisms of DVT remain incompletely understood. Platelets play a role in DVT, but the impact of specific platelet receptors remains unclear. Platelet C-type lectin-like receptor 2 (CLEC-2) is known to maintain the physiological state of blood vasculature under inflammatory conditions. DVT is a thromboinflammatory disorder developing largely as sterile inflammation in the vessel wall. We hypothesized therefore that CLEC-2 might play a role in DVT. Here, using a murine DVT model of inferior vena cava (IVC) stenosis, we demonstrate that mice with general inducible deletion of CLEC-2 or platelet-specific deficiency in CLEC-2 are protected against DVT. No phenotype in the complete stasis model was observed. Transfusion of wild-type platelets into platelet-specific CLEC-2 knockout mice restored thrombosis. Deficiency in CLEC-2 as well as inhibition of podoplanin, a ligand of CLEC-2, was associated with reduced platelet accumulation at the IVC wall after 6 hours of stenosis. Podoplanin was expressed in the IVC wall, where it was localized in the vicinity of the abluminal side of the endothelium. The level of podoplanin in the IVC increased after 48 hours of stenosis to a substantially higher extent in mice with a thrombus vs those without a thrombus. Treatment of animals with an anti-podoplanin neutralizing antibody resulted in development of smaller thrombi. Thus, we propose a novel mechanism of DVT, whereby CLEC-2 and upregulation of podoplanin expression in the venous wall trigger thrombus formation.
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30
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Pal R, Ke Q, Pihan GA, Yesilaltay A, Penman ML, Wang L, Chitraju C, Kang PM, Krieger M, Kocher O. Carboxy-terminal deletion of the HDL receptor reduces receptor levels in liver and steroidogenic tissues, induces hypercholesterolemia, and causes fatal heart disease. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2016; 311:H1392-H1408. [PMID: 27694217 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00463.2016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2016] [Accepted: 09/13/2016] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
The HDL receptor SR-BI mediates the transfer of cholesteryl esters from HDL to cells and controls HDL abundance and structure. Depending on the genetic background, loss of SR-BI causes hypercholesterolemia, anemia, reticulocytosis, splenomegaly, thrombocytopenia, female infertility, and fatal coronary heart disease (CHD). The carboxy terminus of SR-BI (505QEAKL509) must bind to the cytoplasmic adaptor PDZK1 for normal hepatic-but not steroidogenic cell-expression of SR-BI protein. To determine whether SR-BI's carboxy terminus is also required for normal protein levels in steroidogenic cells, we introduced into SR-BI's gene a 507Ala/STOP mutation that produces a truncated receptor (SR-BIΔCT). As expected, the dramatic reduction of hepatic receptor protein in SR-BIΔCT mice was similar to that in PDZK1 knockout (KO) mice. Unlike SR-BI KO females, SR-BIΔCT females were fertile. The severity of SR-BIΔCT mice's hypercholesterolemia was intermediate between those of SR-BI KO and PDZK1 KO mice. Substantially reduced levels of the receptor in adrenal cortical cells, ovarian cells, and testicular Leydig cells in SR-BIΔCT mice suggested that steroidogenic cells have an adaptor(s) functionally analogous to hepatic PDZK1. When SR-BIΔCT mice were crossed with apolipoprotein E KO mice (SR-BIΔCT/apoE KO), pathologies including hypercholesterolemia, macrocytic anemia, hepatic and splenic extramedullary hematopoiesis, massive splenomegaly, reticulocytosis, thrombocytopenia, and rapid-onset and fatal occlusive coronary arterial atherosclerosis and CHD (median age of death: 9 wk) were observed. These results provide new insights into the control of SR-BI in steroidogenic cells and establish SR-BIΔCT/apoE KO mice as a new animal model for the study of CHD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rinku Pal
- Department of Pathology and Center for Vascular Biology Research, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Qingen Ke
- Division of Cardiology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - German A Pihan
- Department of Pathology and Center for Vascular Biology Research, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Ayce Yesilaltay
- Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts; and
| | - Marsha L Penman
- Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts; and
| | - Li Wang
- Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts; and
| | - Chandramohan Chitraju
- Department of Genetics and Complex Diseases, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Peter M Kang
- Division of Cardiology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Monty Krieger
- Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts; and
| | - Olivier Kocher
- Department of Pathology and Center for Vascular Biology Research, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts;
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31
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Lipoproteins as modulators of atherothrombosis: From endothelial function to primary and secondary coagulation. Vascul Pharmacol 2016; 82:1-10. [DOI: 10.1016/j.vph.2015.10.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2015] [Revised: 10/23/2015] [Accepted: 10/26/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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32
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Papageorgiou N, Zacharia E, Androulakis E, Briasoulis A, Charakida M, Tousoulis D. HDL as a prognostic biomarker for coronary atherosclerosis: the role of inflammation. Expert Opin Ther Targets 2016; 20:907-21. [PMID: 26854521 DOI: 10.1517/14728222.2016.1152264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Emerging evidence suggests that the role of high density lipoprotein (HDL) in the atherosclerotic process is not as clear as previously thought, since atheroprotective HDL becomes atherogenic in states of increased inflammatory processes. AREAS COVERED In this review we aim to elucidate the role of HDL as a prognostic biomarker and we discuss therapeutic approaches that aim to increase HDL and their possible clinical benefit. EXPERT OPINION Given the structural variability and biological complexity of the HDL particle, its role in the atherosclerotic process is far from clear. According to current evidence, the atheroprotective role of HDL turns atherogenic in states of increased inflammatory processes, while even minor alterations in systemic inflammation are likely to hinder the endothelial protective effects of HDL. In accordance, significant data have revealed that HDL-related drugs may be effective in reducing cardiovascular mortality; however they are not as encouraging or unanimous as expected. Possible future goals could be to quantify either HDL subclasses or functions in an attempt to reach safer conclusions as to the prognostic importance of HDL in coronary atherosclerosis. Having achieved that, a more targeted therapy that would aim to raise either HDL functionality or to remodel HDL structure would be more easily designed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Effimia Zacharia
- b 1st Department of Cardiology , Hippokration Hospital, University of Athens , Athens , Greece
| | | | - Alexandros Briasoulis
- d Division of Cardiology , Wayne State University/Detroit Medical Center , Detroit , MI , USA
| | - Marietta Charakida
- e Vascular Physiology Unit, Institute of Cardiovascular Science , University College London , London , UK
| | - Dimitris Tousoulis
- b 1st Department of Cardiology , Hippokration Hospital, University of Athens , Athens , Greece
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High-density lipoprotein modulates thrombosis by preventing von Willebrand factor self-association and subsequent platelet adhesion. Blood 2015; 127:637-45. [PMID: 26552698 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2014-09-599530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2014] [Accepted: 11/01/2015] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The ability of von Willebrand factor (VWF) to initiate platelet adhesion depends on the number of monomers in individual VWF multimers and on the self-association of individual VWF multimers into larger structures. VWF self-association is accelerated by shear stress. We observed that VWF self-association occurs during adsorption of VWF onto surfaces, assembly of secreted VWF into hyperadhesive VWF strings on the endothelial surface, and incorporation of fluid-phase VWF into VWF fibers. VWF adsorption under static conditions increased with increased VWF purity and was prevented by a component of plasma. We identified that component as high-density lipoprotein (HDL) and its major apolipoprotein ApoA-I. HDL and ApoA-I also prevented VWF on the endothelium from self-associating into longer strands and inhibited the attachment of fluid-phase VWF onto vessel wall strands. Platelet adhesion to VWF fibers was reduced in proportion to the reduction in self-associated VWF. In a mouse model of thrombotic microangiopathy, HDL also largely prevented the thrombocytopenia induced by injection of high doses of human VWF. Finally, a potential role for ApoA-I in microvascular occlusion associated with thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura and sepsis was revealed by the inverse relationship between the concentration of ApoA-I and that of hyperadhesive VWF. These results suggest that interference with VWF self-association would be a new approach to treating thrombotic disorders.
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Trigatti BL, Fuller M. HDL signaling and protection against coronary artery atherosclerosis in mice. J Biomed Res 2015; 30:94-100. [PMID: 26642235 PMCID: PMC4820886 DOI: 10.7555/jbr.30.20150079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2015] [Accepted: 06/29/2015] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Atherosclerosis is a leading underlying factor in cardiovascular disease and stroke, important causes of morbidity and mortality across the globe. Abundant epidemiological studies demonstrate that high levels of high density lipoprotein (HDL) are associated with reduced risk of atherosclerosis and preclinical, animal model studies demonstrate that this association is causative. Understanding the molecular mechanisms underlying the protective effects of HDL will allow more strategic approaches to development of HDL based therapeutics. Recent evidence suggests that an important aspect of the ability of HDL to protect against atherosclerosis is its ability to trigger signaling responses in a variety of target cells including endothelial cells and macrophages in the vessel wall. These signaling responses require the HDL receptor, scavenger receptor class B type 1 (SR-B1), an adaptor protein (PDZK1) that binds to the cytosolic C terminus of SR-B1, Akt1 activation and (at least in endothelial cells) activation of endothelial NO synthase (eNOS). Mouse models of atherosclerosis, exemplified by apolipoprotein E or low density lipoprotein receptor gene inactivated mice (apoE or LDLR KO) develop atherosclerosis in their aortas but appear generally resistant to coronary artery atherosclerosis. On the other hand, inactivation of each of the components of HDL signaling (above) in either apoE or LDLR KO mice renders them susceptible to extensive coronary artery atherosclerosis suggesting that HDL signaling may play an important role in protection against coronary artery disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bernardo L Trigatti
- Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, McMaster University and Thrombosis and Atherosclerosis Research Institute, McMaster University and Hamilton Health Sciences., Hamilton, Ontario L8L 2X2, Canada;
| | - Mark Fuller
- Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, McMaster University and Thrombosis and Atherosclerosis Research Institute, McMaster University and Hamilton Health Sciences., Hamilton, Ontario L8L 2X2, Canada
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Zhang H, Temel RE, Martel C. Cholesterol and lipoprotein metabolism: Early Career Committee contribution. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2014; 34:1791-4. [PMID: 25142876 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.114.304267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hanrui Zhang
- From the Department of Medicine, Cardiovascular Institute, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia (H.Z.); Department of Pharmacology and Nutritional Sciences, Saha Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington (R.E.T.); and Department of Medicine, Montreal Heart Institute, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada (C.M.).
| | - Ryan E Temel
- From the Department of Medicine, Cardiovascular Institute, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia (H.Z.); Department of Pharmacology and Nutritional Sciences, Saha Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington (R.E.T.); and Department of Medicine, Montreal Heart Institute, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada (C.M.)
| | - Catherine Martel
- From the Department of Medicine, Cardiovascular Institute, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia (H.Z.); Department of Pharmacology and Nutritional Sciences, Saha Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington (R.E.T.); and Department of Medicine, Montreal Heart Institute, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada (C.M.)
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Yin K, Agrawal DK. High-density lipoprotein: a novel target for antirestenosis therapy. Clin Transl Sci 2014; 7:500-11. [PMID: 25043950 DOI: 10.1111/cts.12186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Restenosis is an integral pathological process central to the recurrent vessel narrowing after interventional procedures. Although the mechanisms for restenosis are diverse in different pathological conditions, endothelial dysfunction, inflammation, vascular smooth muscle cell (SMC) proliferation, and myofibroblasts transition have been thought to play crucial role in the development of restenosis. Indeed, there is an inverse relationship between high-density lipoprotein (HDL) levels and risk for coronary heart disease (CHD). However, relatively studies on the direct assessment of HDL effect on restenosis are limited. In addition to involvement in the cholesterol reverse transport, many vascular protective effects of HDL, including protection of endothelium, antiinflammation, antithrombus actions, inhibition of SMC proliferation, and regulation by adventitial effects may contribute to the inhibition of restenosis, though the exact relationships between HDL and restenosis remain to be elucidated. This review summarizes the vascular protective effects of HDL, emphasizing the potential role of HDL in intimal hyperplasia and vascular remodeling, which may provide novel prophylactic and therapeutic strategies for antirestenosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Yin
- Center for Clinical & Translational Science, Creighton University School of Medicine, Omaha, Nebraska, USA
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Pienimaeki-Roemer A, Fischer A, Tafelmeier M, Orsó E, Konovalova T, Böttcher A, Liebisch G, Reidel A, Schmitz G. High-density lipoprotein 3 and apolipoprotein A-I alleviate platelet storage lesion and release of platelet extracellular vesicles. Transfusion 2014; 54:2301-14. [PMID: 24912423 DOI: 10.1111/trf.12640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2013] [Revised: 01/27/2014] [Accepted: 01/29/2014] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Stored platelet (PLT) concentrates (PLCs) for transfusion develop a PLT storage lesion (PSL), decreasing PLT viability and function with profound lipidomic changes and PLT extracellular vesicle (PL-EV) release. High-density lipoprotein 3 (HDL3 ) improves PLT homeostasis through silencing effects on PLT activation in vivo. This prompted us to investigate HDL3 and apolipoprotein A-I (apoA-I) as PSL-antagonizing agents. STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS Healthy donor PLCs were split into low-volume standard PLC storage bags and incubated with native (n)HDL3 or apoA-I from plasma ethanol fractionation (precipitate IV) for 5 days under standard blood banking conditions. Flow cytometry, Born aggregometry, and lipid mass spectrometry were carried out to analyze PL-EV release, PLT aggregation, agonist-induced PLT surface marker expression, and PLT and plasma lipid compositions. RESULTS Compared to control, added nHDL3 and apoA-I significantly reduced PL-EV release by up to -62% during 5 days, correlating with the added apoA-I concentration. At the lipid level, nHDL3 and apoA-I antagonized PLT lipid loss (+12%) and decreased cholesteryl ester (CE)/free cholesterol (FC) ratios (-69%), whereas in plasma polyunsaturated/saturated CE ratios increased (+3%) and CE 16:0/20:4 ratios decreased (-5%). Administration of nHDL3 increased PLT bis(monoacylglycero)phosphate/phosphatidylglycerol (+102%) and phosphatidic acid/lysophosphatidic acid (+255%) ratios and improved thrombin receptor-activating peptide 6-induced PLT aggregation (+5%). CONCLUSION nHDL3 and apoA-I improve PLT membrane homeostasis and intracellular lipid processing and increase CE efflux, antagonizing PSL-related reduction in PLT viability and function and PL-EV release. We suggest uptake and catabolism of nHDL3 into the PLT open canalicular system. As supplement in PLCs, nHDL3 or apoA-I from Fraction IV of plasma ethanol fractionation have the potential to improve PLC quality to prolong storage.
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van der Stoep M, Korporaal SJA, Van Eck M. High-density lipoprotein as a modulator of platelet and coagulation responses. Cardiovasc Res 2014; 103:362-71. [DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvu137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
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Geddings J, Aleman MM, Wolberg A, von Brühl ML, Massberg S, Mackman N. Strengths and weaknesses of a new mouse model of thrombosis induced by inferior vena cava stenosis: communication from the SSC of the ISTH. J Thromb Haemost 2014; 12:571-3. [PMID: 24460606 PMCID: PMC4082025 DOI: 10.1111/jth.12510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2013] [Accepted: 01/07/2014] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- J Geddings
- Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
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Geddings JE, Mackman N. Tumor-derived tissue factor-positive microparticles and venous thrombosis in cancer patients. Blood 2013; 122:1873-80. [PMID: 23798713 PMCID: PMC3772497 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2013-04-460139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 241] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2013] [Accepted: 06/04/2013] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Patients with cancer have an increased risk for venous thrombosis. Interestingly, different cancer types have different rates of thrombosis, with pancreatic cancer having one of the highest rates. However, the mechanisms responsible for the increase in venous thrombosis in patients with cancer are not understood. Tissue factor (TF) is a transmembrane receptor and primary initiator of blood coagulation. Tumor cells express TF and spontaneously release TF-positive microparticles (MPs) into the blood. MPs are small membrane vesicles that are highly procoagulant. It has been proposed that these circulating tumor-derived, TF-positive MPs may explain the increased rates of venous thrombosis seen in patients with cancer. In animal models, increased levels of tumor-derived, TF-positive MPs are associated with activation of coagulation. Moreover, these MPs bind to sites of vascular injury and enhance thrombosis. We and others have found that patients with cancer have elevated levels of circulating TF-positive MPs. These MPs are derived from tumors because they express tumor markers and are decreased by tumor resection. Importantly, several studies have shown that increased levels of TF-positive MPs correlate with venous thrombosis in patients with cancer. Taken together, these results suggest that TF-positive MPs may be a useful biomarker to identify patients with cancer who are at high risk for thrombosis.
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Brill A, Suidan GL, Wagner DD. Hypoxia, such as encountered at high altitude, promotes deep vein thrombosis in mice. J Thromb Haemost 2013; 11:1773-5. [PMID: 23742235 PMCID: PMC3773282 DOI: 10.1111/jth.12310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2013] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- A Brill
- Immune Disease Institute, Boston, MA, USA; Program in Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
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Challenges in using cultured primary rodent hepatocytes or cell lines to study hepatic HDL receptor SR-BI regulation by its cytoplasmic adaptor PDZK1. PLoS One 2013; 8:e69725. [PMID: 23936087 PMCID: PMC3720616 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0069725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2013] [Accepted: 06/12/2013] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background PDZK1 is a four PDZ-domain containing cytoplasmic protein that binds to a variety of membrane proteins via their C-termini and can influence the abundance, localization and/or function of its target proteins. One of these targets in hepatocytes in vivo is the HDL receptor SR-BI. Normal hepatic expression of SR-BI protein requires PDZK1 - <5% of normal hepatic SR-BI is seen in the livers of PDZK1 knockout mice. Progress has been made in identifying features of PDZK1 required to control hepatic SR-BI in vivo using hepatic expression of wild-type and mutant forms of PDZK1 in wild-type and PDZK1 KO transgenic mice. Such in vivo studies are time consuming and expensive, and cannot readily be used to explore many features of the underlying molecular and cellular mechanisms. Methodology/Principal Findings Here we have explored the potential to use either primary rodent hepatocytes in culture using 2D collagen gels with newly developed optimized conditions or PDZK1/SR-BI co-transfected cultured cell lines (COS, HEK293) for such studies. SR-BI and PDZK1 protein and mRNA expression levels fell rapidly in primary hepatocyte cultures, indicating this system does not adequately mimic hepatocytes in vivo for analysis of the PDZK1 dependence of SR-BI. Although PDZK1 did alter SR-BI protein expression in the cell lines, its influence was independent of SR-BI’s C-terminus, and thus is not likely to occur via the same mechanism as that which occurs in hepatocytes in vivo. Conclusions/Significance Caution must be exercised in using primary hepatocytes or cultured cell lines when studying the mechanism underlying the regulation of hepatic SR-BI by PDZK1. It may be possible to use SR-BI and PDZK1 expression as sensitive markers for the in vivo-like state of hepatocytes to further improve primary hepatocyte cell culture conditions.
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Abstract
Multiple human population studies have established the concentration of high density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol as an independent, inverse predictor of the risk of having a cardiovascular event. Furthermore, HDLs have several well-documented functions with the potential to protect against cardiovascular disease. These include an ability to promote the efflux of cholesterol from macrophages in the artery wall, inhibit the oxidative modification of low density lipoproteins (LDLs), inhibit vascular inflammation, inhibit thrombosis, promote endothelial repair, promote angiogenesis, enhance endothelial function, improve diabetic control, and inhibit hematopoietic stem cell proliferation. There are undoubtedly other beneficial functions of HDLs yet to be identified. The HDL fraction in human plasma is heterogeneous, consisting of several subpopulations of particles of varying size, density, and composition. The functions of the different HDL subpopulations remain largely unknown. Given that therapies that increase the concentration of HDL cholesterol have varying effects on the levels of specific HDL subpopulations, it is of great importance to understand how distribution of different HDL subpopulations contribute to the potentially cardioprotective functions of this lipoprotein fraction. This review summarizes current understanding of the relationship of HDL subpopulations to their cardioprotective properties and highlights the gaps in current knowledge regarding this important aspect of HDL biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kerry-Anne Rye
- Lipid Research Group, Centre for Vascular Research, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia 2052
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