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Zhao Y, Cui R, Du R, Song C, Xie F, Ren L, Li J. Platelet-Derived Microvesicles Mediate Cardiomyocyte Ferroptosis by Transferring ACSL1 During Acute Myocardial Infarction. Mol Biotechnol 2024:10.1007/s12033-024-01094-w. [PMID: 38466505 DOI: 10.1007/s12033-024-01094-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2023] [Accepted: 01/21/2024] [Indexed: 03/13/2024]
Abstract
Acute myocardial infarction (AMI) is one of the critical health conditions often caused by the rupture of unstable coronary artery plaque, triggering a series of events, such as platelet activation, thrombus formation, coronary artery blockage, lasted severe ischemia, and hypoxia in cardiomyocytes, and culminating in cell death. Platelet-derived microvesicles (PMVs) act as intermediates for cellular communication. Nevertheless, the role of PMVs in myocardial infarction remains unclear. Initially, AMI-related messenger ribose nucleic acid (mRNA) and micro RNA (miRNA) datasets from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database were analyzed, specifically focusing on the expressed genes associated with Ferroptosis. Further, a miRNA-mRNA regulatory network specific to AMI was constructed. Then, the effect of PMVs on cardiomyocyte survival was further confirmed through in vitro experiments. High ACSL1 expression was observed in the platelets of AMI patients. The gene ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) analyses revealed that ACSL1, located in the mitochondria, played a key role in the PPAR signaling pathway. The elevated ACSL1 expression in a co-culture model of PMVs and AC16 cardiomyocytes significantly increased the AC16 cell Ferroptosis. Further, we validated that the platelet ACSL1 expression could be regulated by hsa-miR-449a. Together, these findings suggested that platelet ACSL1 could trigger myocardial cell death via PMV transport. In addition, this research provided a theoretical framework for attenuating myocardial cell Ferroptosis in patients with acute myocardial infarction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunfeng Zhao
- Department of Cardiology, First Hospital of Qinhuangdao, No. 258, Wenhua Road, Haigang District, Qinhuangdao, 066099, China
| | - Rui Cui
- Department of Cardiology, First Hospital of Qinhuangdao, No. 258, Wenhua Road, Haigang District, Qinhuangdao, 066099, China
| | - Ran Du
- Department of Cardiology, First Hospital of Qinhuangdao, No. 258, Wenhua Road, Haigang District, Qinhuangdao, 066099, China
| | - Chunmei Song
- Department of Cardiology, First Hospital of Qinhuangdao, No. 258, Wenhua Road, Haigang District, Qinhuangdao, 066099, China
| | - Fei Xie
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, The Second Hospital Affiliated to Harbin Medical University, No.246, Xuefu Road, Nangang District, Harbin, 150001, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Lin Ren
- Department of Cardiology, First Hospital of Qinhuangdao, No. 258, Wenhua Road, Haigang District, Qinhuangdao, 066099, China.
| | - Junquan Li
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, The Second Hospital Affiliated to Harbin Medical University, No.246, Xuefu Road, Nangang District, Harbin, 150001, Heilongjiang, China.
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Pan T, Shi Y, Yu G, Mamtimin A, Zhu W. Intracranial Aneurysms and Lipid Metabolism Disorders: From Molecular Mechanisms to Clinical Implications. Biomolecules 2023; 13:1652. [PMID: 38002334 PMCID: PMC10669412 DOI: 10.3390/biom13111652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2023] [Revised: 10/23/2023] [Accepted: 11/01/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Many vascular diseases are linked to lipid metabolism disorders, which cause lipid accumulation and peroxidation in the vascular wall. These processes lead to degenerative changes in the vessel, such as phenotypic transformation of smooth muscle cells and dysfunction and apoptosis of endothelial cells. In intracranial aneurysms, the coexistence of lipid plaques is often observed, indicating localized lipid metabolism disorders. These disorders may impair the function of the vascular wall or result from it. We summarize the literature on the relationship between lipid metabolism disorders and intracranial aneurysms below.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tonglin Pan
- Department of Neurosurgery, Huashan Hospital, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200090, China; (T.P.); (Y.S.); (G.Y.); (A.M.)
- Neurosurgical Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Yuan Shi
- Department of Neurosurgery, Huashan Hospital, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200090, China; (T.P.); (Y.S.); (G.Y.); (A.M.)
- Neurosurgical Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Guo Yu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Huashan Hospital, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200090, China; (T.P.); (Y.S.); (G.Y.); (A.M.)
- Neurosurgical Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Abdureshid Mamtimin
- Department of Neurosurgery, Huashan Hospital, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200090, China; (T.P.); (Y.S.); (G.Y.); (A.M.)
- Neurosurgical Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Wei Zhu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Huashan Hospital, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200090, China; (T.P.); (Y.S.); (G.Y.); (A.M.)
- Neurosurgical Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
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3
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Cyclic stretch promotes vascular homing of endothelial progenitor cells via Acsl1 regulation of mitochondrial fatty acid oxidation. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2023; 120:e2219630120. [PMID: 36716379 PMCID: PMC9963562 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2219630120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) play an important role in vascular repair and re-endothelialization after vessel injury. EPCs in blood vessels are subjected to cyclic stretch (CS) due to the pulsatile pressure, but the role of CS in metabolic reprogramming of EPC, particularly its vascular homing and repair, is largely unknown. In the current study, physiological CS applied to EPCs at a magnitude of 10% and a frequency of 1 Hz significantly promoted their vascular adhesion and endothelial differentiation. CS enhanced mitochondrial elongation and oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS), as well as adenosine triphosphate production. Metabolomic study and Ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry assay revealed that CS significantly decreased the content of long-chain fatty acids (LCFAs) and markedly induced long-chain fatty acyl-CoA synthetase 1 (Acsl1), which in turn facilitated the catabolism of LCFAs in mitochondria via fatty acid β-oxidation and OXPHOS. In a rat carotid artery injury model, transplantation of EPCs overexpressing Acsl1 enhanced the adhesion and re-endothelialization of EPCs in vivo. MRI and vascular morphology staining showed that Acsl1 overexpression in EPCs improved vascular repair and inhibited vascular stenosis. This study reveals a mechanotransduction mechanism by which physiological CS enhances endothelial repair via EPC patency.
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Peng CL, Jiang N, Zhao JF, Liu K, Jiang W, Cao PG. Metformin relieves H/R-induced cardiomyocyte injury through miR-19a/ACSL axis - possible therapeutic target for myocardial I/R injury. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2021; 414:115408. [PMID: 33476677 DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2021.115408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2020] [Revised: 01/10/2021] [Accepted: 01/13/2021] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
This study proposed to investigate the function of miR-19a/ACSL axis in hypoxia/reoxygenation (H/R)-induced myocardial injury and determine whether metformin exerts its protective effect via miR-19a/ACSL axis. Firstly, bioinformatics analysis of data from Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database indicated that miR-19a was downregulated in patients with myocardial infarction (MI) compared to that in control group. H/R model was constructed with AC16 cells in vitro. qRT-PCR assay revealed that miR-19a was downregulated in H/R-treated AC16 cells. Then, CCK-8 assay demonstrated that upregulation of miR-19a significantly alleviated H/R-induced decline of cell viability. Moreover, bioinformatics prediction, western blotting and dual-luciferase reporter assays were performed to check the target genes of miR-19a, and ACSL1 was determined as a downstream target gene of miR-19a. Besides, the analysis based on Comparative Toxicogenomics Database (CTD) suggested that metformin targeting ACSL1 can be used as a potential drug for further research. Biological function experiments in vitro revealed that H/R markedly declined the viability and elevated the apoptosis of AC16 cells, while metformin can significantly mitigate these effects. Furthermore, overexpression of miR-19a significantly strengthened the beneficial effect of metformin on H/R-induced AC16 cells injury, which can be reversed by upregulation of ACSL1. In conclusion, metformin can alleviate H/R-induced cells injury via regulating miR-19a/ACSL axis, which lays a foundation for identifying novel targets for myocardial I/R injury therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cai-Liang Peng
- Department of Cardiovascular Diseases, First Affiliated Hospital, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, PR China
| | - Ning Jiang
- Department of Cardiovascular Diseases, First Affiliated Hospital, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, PR China
| | - Jian-Fei Zhao
- Department of Cardiovascular Diseases, First Affiliated Hospital, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, PR China
| | - Kun Liu
- Department of Cardiovascular Diseases, First Affiliated Hospital, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, PR China
| | - Wei Jiang
- Department of Cardiovascular Diseases, First Affiliated Hospital, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, PR China
| | - Pei-Gang Cao
- Department of Cardiology, General Hospital of Heilongjiang Agricultural Reclamation Bureau, Harbin, PR China.
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Kramer F, Martinson AM, Papayannopoulou T, Kanter JE. Myocardial Infarction Does Not Accelerate Atherosclerosis in a Mouse Model of Type 1 Diabetes. Diabetes 2020; 69:2133-2143. [PMID: 32694213 PMCID: PMC7506833 DOI: 10.2337/db20-0152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2020] [Accepted: 07/17/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
In addition to increasing the risk of an initial myocardial infarction (MI), diabetes increases the risk of a recurrent MI. Previous work suggests that an experimental MI can accelerate atherosclerosis via monocytosis. To test whether diabetes and experimental MI synergize to accelerate atherosclerosis, we performed ligation of the left anterior descending coronary artery to induce experimental MI or sham surgery in nondiabetic and diabetic mice with preexisting atherosclerosis. All mice subjected to experimental MI had significantly reduced left ventricular function. In our model, in comparisons with nondiabetic sham mice, neither diabetes nor MI resulted in monocytosis. Neither diabetes nor MI led to increased atherosclerotic lesion size, but diabetes accelerated lesion progression, exemplified by necrotic core expansion. The necrotic core expansion was dependent on monocyte recruitment, as mice with myeloid cells deficient in the adhesion molecule integrin α4 were protected from necrotic core expansion. In summary, diabetes, but not MI, accelerates lesion progression, suggesting that the increased risk of recurrent MI in diabetes is due to a higher lesional burden and/or elevated risk factors rather than the acceleration of the underlying pathology from a previous MI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farah Kramer
- Division of Metabolism, Endocrinology and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, University of Washington Medicine Diabetes Institute, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA
| | - Amy M Martinson
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA
| | - Thalia Papayannopoulou
- Division of Hematology, Department of Medicine, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA
| | - Jenny E Kanter
- Division of Metabolism, Endocrinology and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, University of Washington Medicine Diabetes Institute, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA
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6
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Abstract
Endothelial cells line all blood vessels in vertebrates. These cells contribute to whole-body nutrient distribution in a variety of ways, including regulation of local blood flow, regulation of trans-endothelial nutrient transport, and paracrine effects. Obesity elicits dramatic whole-body nutrient redistribution, in particular of fat. We briefly review here recent progress on understanding endothelial fat transport; the impact of obesity on the endothelium; and, conversely, how endothelial function can modulate obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nora Yucel
- Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania
| | - Zolt Arany
- Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania
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7
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Liu Z, Yin X, Mai H, Li G, Lin Z, Jie W, Li K, Zhou H, Wei S, Hu L, Peng W, Lin J, Yao F, Tao H, Xiong XD, Li K. SCD rs41290540 single-nucleotide polymorphism modifies miR-498 binding and is associated with a decreased risk of coronary artery disease. Mol Genet Genomic Med 2020; 8:e1136. [PMID: 31965762 PMCID: PMC7057097 DOI: 10.1002/mgg3.1136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2019] [Revised: 12/10/2019] [Accepted: 01/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Atherosclerosis is the primary cause of coronary artery disease (CAD), and stearoyl‐CoA desaturase (SCD) is associated with atherosclerosis. However, the associations between variants of SCD and CAD have not yet been decided. Methods This study analyzed SCD rs41290540 single‐nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) in the 3′‐untranslated region for an association with a risk of CAD among the Chinese Han population. CAD patients and controls were genotyped for SNP rs41290540 in SCD by SNaPshot. The binding affinity of miR‐498 to rs41290540 was determined by a luciferase assay, and SCD expression was assessed using Western blot. Results A total of 969 CAD patients and 1,095 control subjects were involved in this study. The SCD rs41290540CC genotype is associated with a decreased risk of CAD compared with the AA genotype. Furthermore, the CC genotype is associated with lower serum total cholesterol (TC). Western blot analysis demonstrated that miR‐498 suppressed the expression of SCD. A luciferase assay confirmed that rs41290540 A>C variation in the SCD 3′UTR inhibits miR‐498 binding. Conclusion This study demonstrates that the SCD rs41290540 may be associated with a decreased risk of CAD, lower serum TC, and decreased miR‐498 binding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhou Liu
- Department of Neurology, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Age-Related Cardiac and Cerebral Diseases, Institute of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Xiaojian Yin
- Department of Neurology, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Age-Related Cardiac and Cerebral Diseases, Institute of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Hui Mai
- Department of Neurology, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Age-Related Cardiac and Cerebral Diseases, Institute of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Guangning Li
- Department of Neurology, Huadu District People's Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhijun Lin
- Department of Neurology, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Age-Related Cardiac and Cerebral Diseases, Institute of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Wanxin Jie
- Department of Neurology, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Age-Related Cardiac and Cerebral Diseases, Institute of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Kanglan Li
- Department of Neurology, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Age-Related Cardiac and Cerebral Diseases, Institute of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Haihong Zhou
- Department of Neurology, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Age-Related Cardiac and Cerebral Diseases, Institute of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Shouchao Wei
- Department of Neurology, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Age-Related Cardiac and Cerebral Diseases, Institute of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Li Hu
- Department of Neurology, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Age-Related Cardiac and Cerebral Diseases, Institute of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Wanjuan Peng
- Department of Neurology, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Age-Related Cardiac and Cerebral Diseases, Institute of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Jiajing Lin
- Department of Neurology, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Age-Related Cardiac and Cerebral Diseases, Institute of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Feng Yao
- Cardiovascular Medicine Center, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Hua Tao
- Department of Neurology, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Age-Related Cardiac and Cerebral Diseases, Institute of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Xing-Dong Xiong
- Institute of Aging Research, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, China
| | - Keshen Li
- Department of Neurology, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Age-Related Cardiac and Cerebral Diseases, Institute of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, China.,Stroke Center, Neurology & Neurosurgery Division, Clinical Neuroscience Institute & The First Affiliated Hospital, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
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8
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Jung HS, Shimizu-Albergine M, Shen X, Kramer F, Shao D, Vivekanandan-Giri A, Pennathur S, Tian R, Kanter JE, Bornfeldt KE. TNF-α induces acyl-CoA synthetase 3 to promote lipid droplet formation in human endothelial cells. J Lipid Res 2020; 61:33-44. [PMID: 31722970 PMCID: PMC6939593 DOI: 10.1194/jlr.ra119000256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2019] [Revised: 10/22/2019] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic inflammation contributes to cardiovascular disease. Increased levels of the inflammatory cytokine, TNF-α, are often present in conditions associated with cardiovascular disease risk, and TNF-α induces a number of pro-atherogenic effects in macrovascular endothelial cells, including expression of adhesion molecules and chemokines, and lipoprotein uptake and transcytosis to the subendothelial tissue. However, little is known about the roles of acyl-CoA synthetases (ACSLs), enzymes that esterify free fatty acids into their acyl-CoA derivatives, or about the effects of TNF-α on ACSLs in endothelial cells. Therefore, we investigated the effects of TNF-α on ACSLs and downstream lipids in cultured human coronary artery endothelial cells and human umbilical vein endothelial cells. We demonstrated that TNF-α induces ACSL1, ACSL3, and ACSL5, but not ACSL4, in both cell types. TNF-α also increased oleoyl-CoA levels, consistent with the increased ACSL3 expression. RNA-sequencing demonstrated that knockdown of ACSL3 had no marked effects on the TNF-α transcriptome. Instead, ACSL3 was required for TNF-α-induced lipid droplet formation in cells exposed to oleic acid. These results demonstrate that increased acyl-CoA synthesis as a result of ACSL3 induction is part of the TNF-α response in human macrovascular endothelial cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hye Seung Jung
- Department of Medicine, Division of Metabolism, Endocrinology, and Nutrition, University of Washington Medicine Diabetes Institute, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98109
| | - Masami Shimizu-Albergine
- Department of Medicine, Division of Metabolism, Endocrinology, and Nutrition, University of Washington Medicine Diabetes Institute, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98109
| | - Xia Shen
- Department of Medicine, Division of Metabolism, Endocrinology, and Nutrition, University of Washington Medicine Diabetes Institute, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98109
| | - Farah Kramer
- Department of Medicine, Division of Metabolism, Endocrinology, and Nutrition, University of Washington Medicine Diabetes Institute, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98109
| | - Dan Shao
- Departments of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98109
| | | | | | - Rong Tian
- Departments of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98109
| | - Jenny E Kanter
- Department of Medicine, Division of Metabolism, Endocrinology, and Nutrition, University of Washington Medicine Diabetes Institute, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98109
| | - Karin E Bornfeldt
- Department of Medicine, Division of Metabolism, Endocrinology, and Nutrition, University of Washington Medicine Diabetes Institute, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98109; Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98109.
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9
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Haspula D, Vallejos AK, Moore TM, Tomar N, Dash RK, Hoffmann BR. Influence of a Hyperglycemic Microenvironment on a Diabetic Versus Healthy Rat Vascular Endothelium Reveals Distinguishable Mechanistic and Phenotypic Responses. Front Physiol 2019; 10:558. [PMID: 31133884 PMCID: PMC6524400 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2019.00558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2019] [Accepted: 04/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Hyperglycemia is a critical factor in the development of endothelial dysfunction in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Whether hyperglycemic states result in a disruption of similar molecular mechanisms in endothelial cells under both diabetic and non-diabetic states, remains largely unknown. This study aimed to address this gap in knowledge through molecular and functional characterization of primary rat cardiac microvascular endothelial cells (RCMVECs) derived from the T2DM Goto-Kakizaki (GK) rat model in comparison to control Wistar-Kyoto (WKY) in response to a normal (NG) and hyperglycemic (HG) microenvironment. GK and WKY RCMVECs were cultured under NG (4.5 mM) and HG (25 mM) conditions for 3 weeks, followed by tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS), qPCR, tube formation assay, microplate based fluorimetry, and mitochondrial respiration analyses. Following database matching and filtering (false discovery rate ≤ 5%, scan count ≥ 10), we identified a greater percentage of significantly altered proteins in GK (7.1%, HG versus NG), when compared to WKY (3.5%, HG versus NG) RCMVECs. Further stringent filters (log2ratio of > 2 or < -2, p < 0.05) followed by enrichment and pathway analyses of the MS/MS and quantitative PCR datasets (84 total genes screened), resulted in the identification of several molecular targets involved in angiogenic, redox and metabolic functions that were distinctively altered in GK as compared to WKY RCMVECs following HG exposure. While the expression of thirteen inflammatory and apoptotic genes were significantly increased in GK RCMVECs under HG conditions (p < 0.05), only 2 were significantly elevated in WKY RCMVECs under HG conditions. Several glycolytic enzymes were markedly reduced and pyruvate kinase activity was elevated in GK HG RCMVECs, while in mitochondrial respiratory chain activity was altered. Supporting this, TNFα and phorbol ester (PMA)-induced Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) production were significantly enhanced in GK HG RCMVECs when compared to baseline levels (p < 0.05). Additionally, PMA mediated increase was the greatest in GK HG RCMVECs (p < 0.05). While HG caused reduction in tube formation assay parameters for WKY RCMVECs, GK RCMVECs exhibited impaired phenotypes under baseline conditions regardless of the glycemic microenvironment. We conclude that hyperglycemic microenvironment caused distinctive changes in the bioenergetics and REDOX pathways in the diabetic endothelium as compared to those observed in a healthy endothelium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dhanush Haspula
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Medical College of Wisconsin, Marquette University, Milwaukee, WI, United States.,Max McGee National Research Center, Children's Research Institute, Milwaukee, WI, United States
| | - Andrew K Vallejos
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Medical College of Wisconsin, Marquette University, Milwaukee, WI, United States.,Clinical and Translational Science Institute, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, United States
| | - Timothy M Moore
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Medical College of Wisconsin, Marquette University, Milwaukee, WI, United States
| | - Namrata Tomar
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Medical College of Wisconsin, Marquette University, Milwaukee, WI, United States
| | - Ranjan K Dash
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Medical College of Wisconsin, Marquette University, Milwaukee, WI, United States.,Department of Physiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, United States
| | - Brian R Hoffmann
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Medical College of Wisconsin, Marquette University, Milwaukee, WI, United States.,Max McGee National Research Center, Children's Research Institute, Milwaukee, WI, United States.,Department of Physiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, United States.,Cardiovascular Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, United States.,Center for Advancing Population Science, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, United States
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10
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Lima Júnior JCD, Moura-Assis A, Cintra RM, Quinaglia T, Velloso LA, Sposito AC. Central role of obesity in endothelial cell dysfunction and cardiovascular risk. Rev Assoc Med Bras (1992) 2019; 65:87-97. [DOI: 10.1590/1806-9282.65.1.87] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2018] [Accepted: 10/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
SUMMARY Atherosclerosis is the leading cause of mortality in the contemporary world. The critical role of the endothelial cells (EC) in vascular homeostasis, the metabolic changes that take place when the cell is activated, and the elements involved in these processes have been widely explored over the past years. Obesity and its impact, promoting a rise in blood levels of free fatty acids (FAs) are often associated with atherosclerosis and cardiovascular mortality. However, the mechanisms that promote cardiovascular structural changes and adaptive changes in the ECs, particularly in the context of obesity, are little known. Here, we reviewed studies that assessed the metabolic adaptations of healthy and dysfunctional ECs during exposure to FAs, as well as the epidemiological perspectives of cardiovascular structural changes in obesity. Finally, we explored the role of new agents – sphingolipids, dietary unsaturated fatty acids and sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitors (iSGLT2) – in atherosclerosis and their relationship with obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Lício A. Velloso
- State University of Campinas, Brasil; State University of Campinas, Brasil
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11
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Graupera M, Claret M. Endothelial Cells: New Players in Obesity and Related Metabolic Disorders. Trends Endocrinol Metab 2018; 29:781-794. [PMID: 30266200 DOI: 10.1016/j.tem.2018.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2018] [Revised: 09/03/2018] [Accepted: 09/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Metabolic disorders such as obesity are accompanied by endothelial cell (EC) dysfunction and decreased vascular density. The current paradigm posits that metabolic alterations associated with obesity secondarily lead to EC dysfunction. However, in view of recent evidence reporting that EC dysfunction per se is able to cause metabolic dysregulation, this paradigm should be revisited and further elaborated. In this article we summarize current views and discuss evidence in favor of a causal role for ECs in systemic metabolic dysregulation. We also integrate and contextualize current research in a pathophysiological framework and discuss potential therapeutic strategies targeting angiogenesis to help to counteract obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariona Graupera
- Vascular Signaling Laboratory, ProCURE and Oncobell Programs, Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica de Bellvitge (IDIBELL), Gran Via de l'Hospitalet 199, 08908 l'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Cáncer (CIBERONC), 28029 Madrid, Spain.
| | - Marc Claret
- Neuronal Control of Metabolism Laboratory, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), 08036 Barcelona, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red (CIBER) de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM), 08036 Barcelona, Spain.
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12
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Sanches JM, Giraldo PC, Amaral R, Eberlin MN, Marques LA, Migliorini I, Nakahira M, Bieleveld MJM, Discacciati MG. Vaginal lipidomics of women with vulvovaginal candidiasis and cytolytic vaginosis: A non-targeted LC-MS pilot study. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0202401. [PMID: 30133508 PMCID: PMC6105002 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0202401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2017] [Accepted: 08/02/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective To characterize the lipid profile in vaginal discharge of women with vulvovaginal candidiasis, cytolytic vaginosis, or no vaginal infection or dysbiosis. Design Cross-sectional study. Setting Genital Infections Ambulatory, Department of Tocogynecology, University of Campinas, Campinas, São Paulo–Brazil. Sample Twenty-four women were included in this study: eight with vulvovaginal candidiasis, eight with cytolytic vaginosis and eight with no vaginal infections or dysbiosis (control group). Methods The lipid profile in vaginal discharge of the different study groups was determined by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry and further analyzed with MetaboAnalyst 3.0 platform. Main outcome measures Vaginal lipids concentration and its correlation with vulvovaginal candidiasis and cytolytic vaginosis. Results PCA, PLS-DA and hierarchical clustering analyses indicated 38 potential lipid biomarkers for the different groups, correlating with oxidative stress, inflammation, apoptosis and integrity of the vaginal epithelial tissue. Among these, greater concentrations were found for Glycochenodeoxycholic acid-7-sulfate, O-adipoylcarnitine, 1-eicosyl-2-heptadecanoyl-glycero-3-phosphoserine, undecanoic acid, formyl dodecanoate and lipoic acid in the vulvovaginal candidiasis group; N–(tetradecanoyl)-sphinganine, DL-PPMP, 1-oleoyl-cyclic phosphatidic, palmitic acid and 5-aminopentanoic acid in the cytolytic vaginosis group; and 1-nonadecanoyl-glycero-3-phosphate, eicosadienoic acid, 1-stearoyl-cyclic-phosphatidic acid, 1-(9Z,12Z-heptadecadienoyl)-glycero-3-phosphate, formyl 9Z-tetradecenoate and 7Z,10Z-hexadecadienoic acid in the control group. Conclusions Lipids related to oxidative stress and apoptosis were found in higher concentrations in women with vulvovaginal candidiasis and cytolytic vaginosis, while lipids related to epithelial tissue integrity were more pronounced in the control group. Furthermore, in women with cytolytic vaginosis, we observed higher concentrations of lipids related to bacterial overgrowth.
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Affiliation(s)
- José Marcos Sanches
- Campinas State University, Department of Tocoginecology, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
- * E-mail:
| | - Paulo César Giraldo
- Campinas State University, Department of Tocoginecology, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Rose Amaral
- Campinas State University, Department of Tocoginecology, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | | | - Isabel Migliorini
- Campinas State University, Department of Tocoginecology, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Marcel Nakahira
- Campinas State University, Institute of Chemistry, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
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Kanter JE, Kramer F, Barnhart S, Duggan JM, Shimizu-Albergine M, Kothari V, Chait A, Bouman SD, Hamerman JA, Hansen BF, Olsen GS, Bornfeldt KE. A Novel Strategy to Prevent Advanced Atherosclerosis and Lower Blood Glucose in a Mouse Model of Metabolic Syndrome. Diabetes 2018; 67:946-959. [PMID: 29483182 PMCID: PMC5909997 DOI: 10.2337/db17-0744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2017] [Accepted: 02/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease caused by atherosclerosis is the leading cause of mortality associated with type 2 diabetes and metabolic syndrome. Insulin therapy is often needed to improve glycemic control, but it does not clearly prevent atherosclerosis. Upon binding to the insulin receptor (IR), insulin activates distinct arms of downstream signaling. The IR-Akt arm is associated with blood glucose lowering and beneficial effects, whereas the IR-Erk arm might exert less desirable effects. We investigated whether selective activation of the IR-Akt arm, leaving the IR-Erk arm largely inactive, would result in protection from atherosclerosis in a mouse model of metabolic syndrome. The insulin mimetic peptide S597 lowered blood glucose and activated Akt in insulin target tissues, mimicking insulin's effects, but only weakly activated Erk and even prevented insulin-induced Erk activation. Strikingly, S597 retarded atherosclerotic lesion progression through a process associated with protection from leukocytosis, thereby reducing lesional accumulation of inflammatory Ly6Chi monocytes. S597-mediated protection from leukocytosis was accompanied by reduced numbers of the earliest bone marrow hematopoietic stem cells and reduced IR-Erk activity in hematopoietic stem cells. This study provides a conceptually novel treatment strategy for advanced atherosclerosis associated with metabolic syndrome and type 2 diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jenny E Kanter
- Division of Metabolism, Endocrinology and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, UW Medicine Diabetes Institute, University of Washington, Seattle, WA
| | - Farah Kramer
- Division of Metabolism, Endocrinology and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, UW Medicine Diabetes Institute, University of Washington, Seattle, WA
| | - Shelley Barnhart
- Division of Metabolism, Endocrinology and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, UW Medicine Diabetes Institute, University of Washington, Seattle, WA
| | - Jeffrey M Duggan
- Department of Immunology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA
- Benaroya Research Institute, Seattle, WA
| | - Masami Shimizu-Albergine
- Division of Metabolism, Endocrinology and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, UW Medicine Diabetes Institute, University of Washington, Seattle, WA
| | - Vishal Kothari
- Division of Metabolism, Endocrinology and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, UW Medicine Diabetes Institute, University of Washington, Seattle, WA
| | - Alan Chait
- Division of Metabolism, Endocrinology and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, UW Medicine Diabetes Institute, University of Washington, Seattle, WA
| | | | - Jessica A Hamerman
- Department of Immunology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA
- Benaroya Research Institute, Seattle, WA
| | - Bo F Hansen
- Insulin Biology Department, Novo Nordisk A/S, Måløv, Denmark
| | - Grith S Olsen
- Insulin Biology Department, Novo Nordisk A/S, Måløv, Denmark
| | - Karin E Bornfeldt
- Division of Metabolism, Endocrinology and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, UW Medicine Diabetes Institute, University of Washington, Seattle, WA
- Department of Pathology, UW Medicine Diabetes Institute, University of Washington, Seattle, WA
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14
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Zhang T, Hu Q, Shi L, Qin L, Zhang Q, Mi M. Equol Attenuates Atherosclerosis in Apolipoprotein E-Deficient Mice by Inhibiting Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress via Activation of Nrf2 in Endothelial Cells. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0167020. [PMID: 27907038 PMCID: PMC5132403 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0167020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2015] [Accepted: 11/08/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The development of atherosclerosis is closely related to excessive endoplasmic reticulum stress (ERs). Equol reportedly protects against cardiovascular disease; however, the underlying mechanism for this protection remains unknown. Herein, the mechanisms contributing to the atheroprotective effect of equol were addressed using apolipoprotein E knockout (apoE-/-) mice fed a high-fat diet (HFD) with or without equol. Equol intervention reduced atherosclerotic lesions in the aorta in HFD-fed apoE-/- mice. Plasma lipid analysis showed that equol intervention reduced triglycerides, total cholesterol and LDL-cholesterol and increased HDL-cholesterol. Additionally, equol administration decreased lipid accumulation in the liver. Simultaneously, equol treatment inhibited cell apoptosis induced by t-BHP and thapsigargin in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs). Furthermore, equol treatment attenuated palmitate, t-BHP or thapsigargin-induced upregulation of ER stress markers, including p-PERK, p-eIF2α, GRP78, ATF6 and CHOP proteins expression. The same tendency was also observed in aortic lysates in apoE-/- mice fed with equol plus HFD compared with HFD alone. Moreover, equol treatment dose dependently activated the Nrf2 signaling pathway under oxidative stress. Additionally, elevation of Nrf2 induction was found in aortic lysates in apoE-/- mice fed with a HFD diet containing equol compared with a HFD diet without equol. Importantly, Nrf2 siRNA interference induced CHOP and attenuated the effect of equol to inhibit t-BHP mediated CHOP induction, furthermore, abrogated cell apoptosis induced by t-BHP, suggesting a role for Nrf2 in the protective effect of equol in HUVECs. Collectively, these findings implicate that the improvement of atherosclerosis by equol through attenuation of ER stress is mediated, at least in part, by activating the Nrf2 signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Zhang
- Research Center of Nutrition and Food Safety, Institute of Military Preventive Medicine, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Nutrition and Food Safety, Chongqing, P. R.China
| | - Qin Hu
- Research Center of Nutrition and Food Safety, Institute of Military Preventive Medicine, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Nutrition and Food Safety, Chongqing, P. R.China
| | - Linying Shi
- Research Center of Nutrition and Food Safety, Institute of Military Preventive Medicine, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Nutrition and Food Safety, Chongqing, P. R.China
| | - Li Qin
- Research Center of Nutrition and Food Safety, Institute of Military Preventive Medicine, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Nutrition and Food Safety, Chongqing, P. R.China
| | - Qianyong Zhang
- Research Center of Nutrition and Food Safety, Institute of Military Preventive Medicine, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Nutrition and Food Safety, Chongqing, P. R.China
- * E-mail: (MM); (QZ)
| | - Mantian Mi
- Research Center of Nutrition and Food Safety, Institute of Military Preventive Medicine, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Nutrition and Food Safety, Chongqing, P. R.China
- * E-mail: (MM); (QZ)
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15
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Manichaikul A, Wang XQ, Zhao W, Wojczynski MK, Siebenthall K, Stamatoyannopoulos JA, Saleheen D, Borecki IB, Reilly MP, Rich SS, Bornfeldt KE. Genetic association of long-chain acyl-CoA synthetase 1 variants with fasting glucose, diabetes, and subclinical atherosclerosis. J Lipid Res 2016; 57:433-42. [PMID: 26711138 PMCID: PMC4766992 DOI: 10.1194/jlr.m064592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2015] [Revised: 12/18/2015] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Long-chain acyl-CoA synthetase 1 (ACSL1) converts free fatty acids into acyl-CoAs. Mouse studies have revealed that ACSL1 channels acyl-CoAs to β-oxidation, thereby reducing glucose utilization, and is required for diabetes-accelerated atherosclerosis. The role of ACSL1 in humans is unknown. We therefore examined common variants in the human ACSL1 locus by genetic association studies for fasting glucose, diabetes status, and preclinical atherosclerosis by using the MAGIC and DIAGRAM consortia; followed by analyses in participants from the Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis, the Penn-T2D consortium, and a meta-analysis of subclinical atherosclerosis in African Americans; and finally, expression quantitative trait locus analysis and identification of DNase I hypersensitive sites (DHS). The results show that three SNPs in ACSL1 (rs7681334, rs735949, and rs4862423) are associated with fasting glucose or diabetes status in these large (>200,000 subjects) data sets. Furthermore, rs4862423 is associated with subclinical atherosclerosis and coincides with a DHS highly accessible in human heart. SNP rs735949 is in strong linkage disequilibrium with rs745805, significantly associated with ACSL1 levels in skin, suggesting tissue-specific regulatory mechanisms. This study provides evidence in humans of ACSL1 SNPs associated with fasting glucose, diabetes, and subclinical atherosclerosis and suggests links among these traits and acyl-CoA synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ani Manichaikul
- Center for Public Health Genomics University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA Biostatistics Section, Department of Public Health Sciences, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA
| | - Xin-Qun Wang
- Biostatistics Section, Department of Public Health Sciences, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA
| | - Wei Zhao
- Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Mary K Wojczynski
- Department of Genetics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO
| | - Kyle Siebenthall
- Department of Genome Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA
| | | | - Danish Saleheen
- Department of Medicine UW Diabetes Institute, University of Washington, Seattle, WA Center for Non-Communicable Diseases, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Ingrid B Borecki
- Department of Genetics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO
| | - Muredach P Reilly
- Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA The Cardiovascular Institute, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Stephen S Rich
- Center for Public Health Genomics University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA
| | - Karin E Bornfeldt
- Department of Medicine UW Diabetes Institute, University of Washington, Seattle, WA Center for Non-Communicable Diseases, Karachi, Pakistan
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16
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Vallerie SN, Bornfeldt KE. Metabolic Flexibility and Dysfunction in Cardiovascular Cells. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2015; 35:e37-42. [PMID: 26310811 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.115.306226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Sara N Vallerie
- From the Division of Metabolism, Endocrinology and Nutrition, Departments of Medicine (S.N.V., K.E.B.) and Pathology (K.E.B.), Diabetes and Obesity Center of Excellence, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle
| | - Karin E Bornfeldt
- From the Division of Metabolism, Endocrinology and Nutrition, Departments of Medicine (S.N.V., K.E.B.) and Pathology (K.E.B.), Diabetes and Obesity Center of Excellence, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle.
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17
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Yan G, Li B, Xin X, Xu M, Ji G, Yu H. MicroRNA-34a Promotes Hepatic Stellate Cell Activation via Targeting ACSL1. Med Sci Monit 2015; 21:3008-15. [PMID: 26437572 PMCID: PMC4601392 DOI: 10.12659/msm.894000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2015] [Accepted: 04/13/2015] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The incidence of liver fibrosis remains high due to the lack of effective therapies. Our previous work found that microRNA (miR)-34a expression was increased, while acy1-CoA synthetase long-chain family member1 (ACSL1) was decreased, in a dimethylnitrosamine (DNS)-induced hepatic fibrosis rat model. We hypothesized that miR-34a may play a role in the process of hepatic fibrosis by targeting ACSL1. MATERIAL AND METHODS From days 2 to 14, cultured primary hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) underwent cell morphology, immunocytochemical staining, and quantitative reverse transcription PCR (RT-qPCR) for alpha smooth muscle actin (a-SMA), desmin, rno-miR-34a, and ACSL1 expression. Wild-type and mutant luciferase reporter plasmids were constructed according to the predicted miR-34a binding site on the 3'-untranslated region (UTR) of the ACSL1 mRNA and then transfected into HEK293 cells. rno-miR-34a was silenced in HSCs to confirm that rno-miR-34a negatively regulates ACSL1 expression. mRNA and protein expression of α-SMA, type I collagen, and desmin were assayed in miR-34a-silenced HSCs. RESULTS HSCs were deemed quiescent during the first 3 days and activated after 10 days. rno-miR-34a expression increased, and ACSL1 expression decreased, from day 2 to 7 to 14. rno-miR-34a was shown to specifically bind to the 3'-UTR of ACSL1. miR-34a-silenced HSCs showed higher ACSL1and lower α-SMA, type I collagen, and desmin expression than that of matching negative controls and non-transfected cells. CONCLUSIONS miR-34a appears to play an important role in the process of liver fibrosis by targeting ACSL1 and may show promise as a therapeutic molecular target for hepatic fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gangli Yan
- Department of Pathology, Changzheng Hospital, The Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, P.R. China
- Department of Neurology, The No. 161 People’s Liberation Army (PLA) Hospital, Wuhan, Hubei, P.R. China
| | - Binbin Li
- Department of Pathology, Changzheng Hospital, The Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, P.R. China
| | - Xuan Xin
- Department of Pathology, Changzheng Hospital, The Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, P.R. China
- Department of Pathology, The General Hospital of the Jinan Military Command, Jinan, Shandong, P.R. China
| | - Midie Xu
- Department of Pathology, Changzheng Hospital, The Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, P.R. China
| | - Guoqing Ji
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Institute of Genetics, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, P.R. China
- Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, P.R. China
| | - Hongyu Yu
- Department of Pathology, Changzheng Hospital, The Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, P.R. China
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18
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Cooper DE, Young PA, Klett EL, Coleman RA. Physiological Consequences of Compartmentalized Acyl-CoA Metabolism. J Biol Chem 2015; 290:20023-31. [PMID: 26124277 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.r115.663260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Meeting the complex physiological demands of mammalian life requires strict control of the metabolism of long-chain fatty acyl-CoAs because of the multiplicity of their cellular functions. Acyl-CoAs are substrates for energy production; stored within lipid droplets as triacylglycerol, cholesterol esters, and retinol esters; esterified to form membrane phospholipids; or used to activate transcriptional and signaling pathways. Indirect evidence suggests that acyl-CoAs do not wander freely within cells, but instead, are channeled into specific pathways. In this review, we will discuss the evidence for acyl-CoA compartmentalization, highlight the key modes of acyl-CoA regulation, and diagram potential mechanisms for controlling acyl-CoA partitioning.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Eric L Klett
- From the Departments of Nutrition and Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599
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19
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Bertoli S, Neri IG, Trentani C, Ferraris C, De Amicis R, Battezzati A, Veggiotti P, De Giorgis V, Tagliabue A. Short-term effects of ketogenic diet on anthropometric parameters, body fat distribution, and inflammatory cytokine production in GLUT1 deficiency syndrome. Nutrition 2015; 31:981-7. [PMID: 26059372 DOI: 10.1016/j.nut.2015.02.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2014] [Revised: 01/25/2015] [Accepted: 02/24/2015] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of a 12-wk ketogenic diet (KD) on inflammatory status, adipose tissue activity biomarkers, and abdominal visceral (VAT) and subcutaneous fat (SAT) in children affected by glucose transporter 1 deficiency syndrome GLUT1 DS. METHODS We carried out a short-term longitudinal study on 10 children (mean age: 8.4 y, range 3.3-12 y, 5 girls, 5 boys) to determine fasting serum proinflammatory cytokines (high sensitivity C-reactive protein, tumor necrosis factor-α interleukin-6), adipocyte-derived chemokines (leptin and adiponectin), lipid profile, homeostatic model assessment-insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), quantitative insulin sensitivity index (QUICKI), anthropometric measurements, and VAT and SAT (by ultrasonography). RESULTS Children showed no significant changes in inflammatory and adipose tissue activity biomarkers, blood glucose, lipid profile, anthropometric measurements, VAT, and SAT. Fasting insulin decreased (6 ± 3.2 μU/mL versus 3 ± 2 μU/mL; P = 0.001), and both HOMA-IR and QUICKI indexes were significantly modified (1.2 ± 0.6 versus 0.6 ± 0.4; P = 0.002; 0.38 ± 0.03 versus 0.44 ± 0.05; P = 0.002, respectively). CONCLUSIONS Only HOMA-IR and QUICKI indexes changed after 12 wk on a KD, suggesting that over a short period of time KD does not affect inflammatory cytokines production and abdominal fat distribution despite being a high-fat diet. Long-term studies are needed to provide answers concerning adaptive metabolic changes during KD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simona Bertoli
- International Center for the Assessment of Nutritional Status (ICANS), Department of Food Environmental and Nutritional Sciences (DeFENS), University of Milan, Milan, Italy.
| | - Ilaria Giulini Neri
- International Center for the Assessment of Nutritional Status (ICANS), Department of Food Environmental and Nutritional Sciences (DeFENS), University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Claudia Trentani
- Human Nutrition and Eating Disorder Research Center, Department of Public, Health, Experimental and Forensic Medicine University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Cinzia Ferraris
- Human Nutrition and Eating Disorder Research Center, Department of Public, Health, Experimental and Forensic Medicine University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Ramona De Amicis
- International Center for the Assessment of Nutritional Status (ICANS), Department of Food Environmental and Nutritional Sciences (DeFENS), University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Alberto Battezzati
- International Center for the Assessment of Nutritional Status (ICANS), Department of Food Environmental and Nutritional Sciences (DeFENS), University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Pierangelo Veggiotti
- Department of Child Neurology and Psychiatry C. Mondino National, Neurological Institute, Via Mondino, Pavia, Italy; Brain and Behaviour Department, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | | | - Anna Tagliabue
- Human Nutrition and Eating Disorder Research Center, Department of Public, Health, Experimental and Forensic Medicine University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
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Yan S, Yang XF, Liu HL, Fu N, Ouyang Y, Qing K. Long-chain acyl-CoA synthetase in fatty acid metabolism involved in liver and other diseases: An update. World J Gastroenterol 2015; 21:3492-3498. [PMID: 25834313 PMCID: PMC4375570 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v21.i12.3492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 118] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2014] [Revised: 11/18/2014] [Accepted: 01/21/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Long-chain acyl-CoA synthetase (ACSL) family members include five different ACSL isoforms, each encoded by a separate gene and have multiple spliced variants. ACSLs on endoplasmic reticulum and mitochondrial outer membrance catalyze fatty acids with chain lengths from 12 to 20 carbon atoms to form acyl-CoAs, which are lipid metabolic intermediates and involved in fatty acid metabolism, membrane modifications and various physiological processes. Gain- or loss-of-function studies have shown that the expression of individual ACSL isoforms can alter the distribution and amount of intracellular fatty acids. Changes in the types and amounts of fatty acids, in turn, can alter the expression of intracellular ACSLs. ACSL family members affect not only the proliferation of normal cells, but the proliferation of malignant tumor cells. They also regulate cell apoptosis through different signaling pathways and molecular mechanisms. ACSL members have individual functions in fatty acid metabolism in different types of cells depending on substrate preferences, subcellular location and tissue specificity, thus contributing to liver diseases and metabolic diseases, such as fatty liver disease, obesity, atherosclerosis and diabetes. They are also linked to neurological disorders and other diseases. However, the mechanisms are unclear. This review addresses new findings in the classification and properties of ACSLs and the fatty acid metabolism-associated effects of ACSLs in diseases.
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21
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Ishida T, Naoe S, Nakakuki M, Kawano H, Imada K. Eicosapentaenoic Acid Prevents Saturated Fatty Acid-Induced Vascular Endothelial Dysfunction: Involvement of Long-Chain Acyl-CoA Synthetase. J Atheroscler Thromb 2015; 22:1172-85. [DOI: 10.5551/jat.28167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Takayuki Ishida
- Development Research, Pharmaceutical Research Center, Mochida Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd.,
| | - Satoko Naoe
- Development Research, Pharmaceutical Research Center, Mochida Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd.,
| | - Masanori Nakakuki
- Development Research, Pharmaceutical Research Center, Mochida Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd.,
| | - Hiroyuki Kawano
- Development Research, Pharmaceutical Research Center, Mochida Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd.,
| | - Kazunori Imada
- Development Research, Pharmaceutical Research Center, Mochida Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd.,
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22
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Thompson JA, Sarr O, Piorkowska K, Gros R, Regnault TRH. Low birth weight followed by postnatal over-nutrition in the guinea pig exposes a predominant player in the development of vascular dysfunction. J Physiol 2014; 592:5429-43. [PMID: 25362153 DOI: 10.1113/jphysiol.2014.275016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The association between intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) and hypertension is well established, yet the interaction between IUGR and other pathogenic contributors remains ill-defined. This study examined the independent and interactive effects of fetal growth reduction resulting in low birth weight (LBW), and postnatal Western diet (WD) on vascular function. Growth reduction was induced in pregnant guinea pigs by uterine artery ablation. LBW and normal birth weight (NBW) offspring were randomly assigned to a control diet (CD) or a WD. In young adulthood, length-tension curves were generated in aortic rings and responses to methacholine (MCh) were evaluated in the carotid and aorta using wire myography. Relative to NBW/CD, aortae of NBW/WD offspring were stiffer, as determined by a leftward shift in the length-tension curve, yet the shift in the LBW/CD curve was considerably greater. Aortic stiffening was most severe in LBW/WD (slope: NBW/CD, 1.97 ± 0.04; NBW/WD, 2.16 ± 0.04; LBW/CD, 2.28 ± 0.05; LBW/WD, 2.34 ± 0.07). Maximal responses (Emax) to MCh were significantly blunted in the aorta of LBW/CD vs. NBW/CD (P < 0.05) and in LBW/WD vs. NBW/WD offspring (P < 0.05); but WD alone had no influence on MCh responses. Emax values for carotid responses to MCh were reduced in LBW/CD vs. NBW/CD (P < 0.05). Thus, aortic stiffening was influenced more by LBW than by a postnatal WD and the most severe stiffening was observed in LBW/WD offspring. In contrast, blunted endothelial responses in LBW/CD offspring were not exacerbated by WD. IUGR may have a greater independent impact on vascular function than a postnatal WD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer A Thompson
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, The University of Western London, Ontario, Canada Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, The University of Western London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Ousseynou Sarr
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, The University of Western London, Ontario, Canada Lawson Health Research Institute, The University of Western London, Ontario, Canada Children's Health Research Institute, The University of Western London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Karolina Piorkowska
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, The University of Western London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Robert Gros
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, The University of Western London, Ontario, Canada Robarts Research Institute, The University of Western London, Ontario, Canada Department of Medicine, The University of Western London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Timothy R H Regnault
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, The University of Western London, Ontario, Canada Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, The University of Western London, Ontario, Canada Lawson Health Research Institute, The University of Western London, Ontario, Canada Children's Health Research Institute, The University of Western London, Ontario, Canada
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Gao Z, Zhang H, Liu J, Lau CW, Liu P, Chen ZY, Lee HK, Tipoe GL, Ho HM, Yao X, Huang Y. Cyclooxygenase-2-dependent oxidative stress mediates palmitate-induced impairment of endothelium-dependent relaxations in mouse arteries. Biochem Pharmacol 2014; 91:474-82. [PMID: 25149102 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2014.08.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2014] [Revised: 08/06/2014] [Accepted: 08/06/2014] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Palmitic acid, one of the saturated free fatty acids, impairs cardiovascular function as manifested by inducing vascular inflammation, apoptosis and over-production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) although the origin for ROS remains unclear. The present study investigated the cellular mechanisms underlying palmitate-induced impairment of endothelial function. Ex vivo treatment in tissue culture with palmitate concentration-dependently attenuated acetylcholine-induced endothelium-dependent relaxations, up-regulated the expression of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) and elevated superoxide formation in mouse aortic endothelial cells (MAECs) measured by dihydroethidium (DHE) staining and electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectroscopy. Superoxide scavengers, COX-2 inhibitor and thromboxane prostanoid (TP) receptor antagonist, but not COX-1 inhibitor reversed the harmful effects of palmitate. Furthermore, palmitate impaired acetylcholine-induced relaxations and raised superoxide in en face endothelium of aortas only from COX-1(-/-) mice but not from COX-2(-/-) mice. Palmitate increased the production and release of TXB2, a stable thromboxane A2 metabolite in mouse aortas, which was abolished by COX-2 inhibitor. Superoxide scavenger did not affect palmitate-induced up-regulated expression of COX-2 in MAECs. Both real time PCR and luciferase reporter gene assay confirmed COX-2 up-regulation in palmitate-treated MAECs and NF-κB was substantially involved in this up-regulation. The present study provides novel evidence that palmitate up-regulates COX-2 through NF-κB-dependent mechanism and resultant COX-2-associated oxidative stress impairs endothelium-dependent relaxations in mouse aortas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Gao
- Institute of Vascular Medicine and Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Huina Zhang
- Institute of Vascular Medicine and Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China; National Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jian Liu
- Institute of Vascular Medicine and Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Chi Wai Lau
- Institute of Vascular Medicine and Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Pingsheng Liu
- National Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Zhen Yu Chen
- School of Life Sciences, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Hung Kay Lee
- Department of Chemistry, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - George L Tipoe
- Department of Anatomy, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Hing Man Ho
- School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Xiaoqiang Yao
- Institute of Vascular Medicine and Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Yu Huang
- Institute of Vascular Medicine and Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China.
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24
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Abstract
The endothelium is often viewed solely as the barrier that prevents the penetration of circulating lipoproteins into the arterial wall. However, recent research has demonstrated that the endothelium has an important part in regulating circulating fatty acids and lipoproteins, and is in turn affected by these lipids/lipoproteins in ways that appear to have important repercussions for atherosclerosis. Thus, a number of potentially toxic lipids are produced during lipolysis of lipoproteins at the endothelial cell surface. Catabolism of triglyceride-rich lipoproteins creates free fatty acids that are readily taken up by endothelial cells, and, likely through the action of acyl-CoA synthetases, exacerbate inflammatory processes. In this article, we review how the endothelium participates in lipoprotein metabolism, how lipids alter endothelial functions, and how lipids are internalized, processed, and transported into the subendothelial space. Finally, we address the many endothelial changes that might promote atherogenesis, especially in the setting of diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ira J Goldberg
- Department of Medicine, Division of Preventive Medicine & Nutrition, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, 630 West 168th Street, New York, NY, 10032, USA,
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25
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Abstract
Long-chain fatty acyl-coenzyme As (CoAs) are critical regulatory molecules and metabolic intermediates. The initial step in their synthesis is the activation of fatty acids by one of 13 long-chain acyl-CoA synthetase isoforms. These isoforms are regulated independently and have different tissue expression patterns and subcellular locations. Their acyl-CoA products regulate metabolic enzymes and signaling pathways, become oxidized to provide cellular energy, and are incorporated into acylated proteins and complex lipids such as triacylglycerol, phospholipids, and cholesterol esters. Their differing metabolic fates are determined by a network of proteins that channel the acyl-CoAs toward or away from specific metabolic pathways and serve as the basis for partitioning. This review evaluates the evidence for acyl-CoA partitioning by reviewing experimental data on proteins that are believed to contribute to acyl-CoA channeling, the metabolic consequences of loss of these proteins, and the potential role of maladaptive acyl-CoA partitioning in the pathogenesis of metabolic disease and carcinogenesis.
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26
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Silver HJ, Kang H, Keil CD, Muldowney JA, Kocalis H, Fazio S, Vaughan DE, Niswender KD. Consuming a balanced high fat diet for 16 weeks improves body composition, inflammation and vascular function parameters in obese premenopausal women. Metabolism 2014; 63:562-73. [PMID: 24559846 PMCID: PMC4306330 DOI: 10.1016/j.metabol.2014.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2013] [Revised: 01/10/2014] [Accepted: 01/12/2014] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Inflammation, insulin resistance and vascular dysfunction characterize obesity and predict development of cardiovascular disease (CVD). Although women experience CVD events at an older age, vascular dysfunction is evident 10years prior to coronary artery disease. Questions remain whether replacing SFA entirely with MUFA or PUFA is the optimal approach for cardiometabolic benefits. This study tested the hypotheses that: a) body composition, inflammation and vascular function would improve with a high fat diet (HFD) when type of fat is balanced as 1/3 SFA, 1/3 MUFA and 1/3 PUFA; and b) body composition, inflammation and vascular function would improve more when balanced HFD is supplemented with 18C fatty acids, in proportion to the degree of 18C unsaturation. METHODS Obese premenopausal women were stabilized on balanced HFD and randomized to consume 9g/d of encapsulated stearate (18:0), oleate (18:1), linoleate (18:2) or placebo. RESULTS Significant improvements occurred in fat oxidation rate (↑6%), body composition (%fat: ↓2.5±2.1%; %lean: ↑2.5±2.1%), inflammation (↓ IL-1α, IL-1β, 1L-12, Il-17, IFNγ, TNFα, TNFβ) and vascular function (↓BP, ↓PAI-1, ↑tPA activity). When compared to HFD+placebo, HFD+stearate had the greatest effect on reducing IFNγ (↓74%) and HFD+linoleate had the greatest effect on reducing PAI-1 (↓31%). CONCLUSIONS Balancing the type of dietary fat consumed (SFA/MUFA/PUFA) is a feasible strategy to positively affect markers of CVD risk. Moreover, reductions in inflammatory molecules involved in vascular function might be enhanced when intake of certain 18C fatty acids is supplemented. Long term effects need to be determined for this approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heidi J Silver
- Vanderbilt University, Department of Medicine, Nashville, TN, USA.
| | - Hakmook Kang
- Vanderbilt University, Department of Biostatistics, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Charles D Keil
- Vanderbilt University, Department of Medicine, Nashville, TN, USA
| | | | - Heidi Kocalis
- Vanderbilt University, Department of Medicine, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Sergio Fazio
- Vanderbilt University, Department of Cardiology, Nashville, TN, USA
| | | | - Kevin D Niswender
- Vanderbilt University, Department of Medicine, Nashville, TN, USA; Tennessee Valley Healthcare System, Nashville, TN, USA
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