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Adamowicz M, Abramczyk J, Kilanczyk E, Milkiewicz P, Łaba A, Milkiewicz M, Kempinska-Podhorodecka A. Modulation of miR-155-5p signalling via 5-ASA for the prevention of high microsatellite instability: an in vitro study using human epithelial cell lines. J Physiol Biochem 2024:10.1007/s13105-024-01033-y. [PMID: 38985369 DOI: 10.1007/s13105-024-01033-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2024] [Accepted: 06/28/2024] [Indexed: 07/11/2024]
Abstract
5-aminosalicylic acid (5-ASA) is a first-line treatment for maintaining colitis remission. It is a highly effective, safe, and well-tolerated drug with anti-inflammatory and chemo-preventive properties. While patients with primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC) with concomitant ulcerative colitis are treated with 5-ASA, the molecular mechanisms underlying the drug's chemo-preventive effects are not entirely understood. We previously reported that bile acids and lipopolysaccharide-induced miR-155 expression was associated with downregulating mismatch repair (MMR) proteins in CACO-2 cell lines. Therefore, in this investigation, a set of in vitro functional studies was performed to show the possible mechanisms behind the epigenetic relationship between miR-155 and 5-ASA's prevention of high microsatellite instability (MSI-H). In transient transfection with miR-155Mimic, which behaves like endogenous miRNA, we confirmed the relationships between miR-155 and its target MMR in three human intestinal epithelial cell lines: CACO-2, NCM460D and HT-29. We have shown, for the first time, that 5-ASA modulates MLH1, MSH2, MSH6 in miR-155 transfected cells. These findings underline that chemoprotective 5-ASA therapy can effectively attenuate the expression of miR-155 and potentially prevent a development of MSI-H in a subset of colorectal cancers associated with PSC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monika Adamowicz
- Department of Medical Biology, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, Szczecin, 70-111, Poland
| | - Joanna Abramczyk
- Department of Medical Biology, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, Szczecin, 70-111, Poland
| | - Ewa Kilanczyk
- Department of Medical Biology, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, Szczecin, 70-111, Poland
| | - Piotr Milkiewicz
- Liver and Internal Medicine Unit, Medical University of Warsaw, Warszawa, Poland
- Translational Medicine Group, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, Szczecin, Poland
| | - Alicja Łaba
- Department of Medical Biology, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, Szczecin, 70-111, Poland
| | - Malgorzata Milkiewicz
- Department of Medical Biology, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, Szczecin, 70-111, Poland
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Toledo B, Zhu Chen L, Paniagua-Sancho M, Marchal JA, Perán M, Giovannetti E. Deciphering the performance of macrophages in tumour microenvironment: a call for precision immunotherapy. J Hematol Oncol 2024; 17:44. [PMID: 38863020 PMCID: PMC11167803 DOI: 10.1186/s13045-024-01559-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2024] [Accepted: 05/21/2024] [Indexed: 06/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Macrophages infiltrating tumour tissues or residing in the microenvironment of solid tumours are known as tumour-associated macrophages (TAMs). These specialized immune cells play crucial roles in tumour growth, angiogenesis, immune regulation, metastasis, and chemoresistance. TAMs encompass various subpopulations, primarily classified into M1 and M2 subtypes based on their differentiation and activities. M1 macrophages, characterized by a pro-inflammatory phenotype, exert anti-tumoural effects, while M2 macrophages, with an anti-inflammatory phenotype, function as protumoural regulators. These highly versatile cells respond to stimuli from tumour cells and other constituents within the tumour microenvironment (TME), such as growth factors, cytokines, chemokines, and enzymes. These stimuli induce their polarization towards one phenotype or another, leading to complex interactions with TME components and influencing both pro-tumour and anti-tumour processes.This review comprehensively and deeply covers the literature on macrophages, their origin and function as well as the intricate interplay between macrophages and the TME, influencing the dual nature of TAMs in promoting both pro- and anti-tumour processes. Moreover, the review delves into the primary pathways implicated in macrophage polarization, examining the diverse stimuli that regulate this process. These stimuli play a crucial role in shaping the phenotype and functions of macrophages. In addition, the advantages and limitations of current macrophage based clinical interventions are reviewed, including enhancing TAM phagocytosis, inducing TAM exhaustion, inhibiting TAM recruitment, and polarizing TAMs towards an M1-like phenotype. In conclusion, while the treatment strategies targeting macrophages in precision medicine show promise, overcoming several obstacles is still necessary to achieve an accessible and efficient immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Belén Toledo
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Jaén, Campus Lagunillas, Jaén, E-23071, Spain
- Department of Medical Oncology, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Cancer Biology and Immunology, Amsterdam UMC, VU University, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Linrui Zhu Chen
- Department of Medical Oncology, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Cancer Biology and Immunology, Amsterdam UMC, VU University, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - María Paniagua-Sancho
- Biopathology and Regenerative Medicine Institute (IBIMER), Centre for Biomedical Research (CIBM), University of Granada, Granada, E-18100, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria ibs. GRANADA, Hospitales Universitarios de Granada-Universidad de Granada, Granada, E-18071, Spain
- Department of Human Anatomy and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Granada, Granada, E-18016, Spain
- Excellence Research Unit "Modeling Nature" (MNat), University of Granada, Granada, E-18016, Spain
| | - Juan Antonio Marchal
- Biopathology and Regenerative Medicine Institute (IBIMER), Centre for Biomedical Research (CIBM), University of Granada, Granada, E-18100, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria ibs. GRANADA, Hospitales Universitarios de Granada-Universidad de Granada, Granada, E-18071, Spain
- Department of Human Anatomy and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Granada, Granada, E-18016, Spain
- Excellence Research Unit "Modeling Nature" (MNat), University of Granada, Granada, E-18016, Spain
| | - Macarena Perán
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Jaén, Campus Lagunillas, Jaén, E-23071, Spain.
- Biopathology and Regenerative Medicine Institute (IBIMER), Centre for Biomedical Research (CIBM), University of Granada, Granada, E-18100, Spain.
- Excellence Research Unit "Modeling Nature" (MNat), University of Granada, Granada, E-18016, Spain.
| | - Elisa Giovannetti
- Department of Medical Oncology, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Cancer Biology and Immunology, Amsterdam UMC, VU University, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
- Cancer Pharmacology Lab, Fondazione Pisana per la Scienza, San Giuliano, Pisa, 56017, Italy.
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Yu H, Tang J, Dong L, Tang M, Arif A, Zhang T, Zhang G, Xie K, Zhao Z, Dai G. Transcriptome analysis reveals that gga-miR-2954 inhibits the inflammatory response against Eimeria tenella infection. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 269:131807. [PMID: 38670189 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.131807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2023] [Revised: 01/29/2024] [Accepted: 03/15/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024]
Abstract
Coccidiosis is an important parasitic protozoan disease in poultry farming, causing huge economic losses in the global poultry industry every year. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are a class of RNA macromolecules that play important roles in the immune response to pathogens. However, the expression profiles and functions of miRNAs during Eimeria tenella (E. tenella) infection in chickens remain mostly uncharacterized. In this study, high-throughput sequencing of cecal tissues of control (JC), resistant (JR), and susceptible (JS) chickens led to the identification of 35 differentially expressed miRNAs among the three groups. Functional enrichment analysis showed that the differentially expressed miRNAs were mainly associated with the TGF-beta, NF-kB, and Jak-STAT signaling pathways. Notably, gga-miR-2954 was found to be significantly upregulated after coccidial infection. Functional analysis showed that gga-miR-2954 inhibited the production of the inflammatory cytokines IL-6, IL-1β, TNF-α, and IL-8 in sporozoite-stimulated DF-1 cells. Mechanistically, we found that gga-miR-2954 targeted the RORC gene and that RORC promoted the inflammatory response in sporozoite-stimulated DF-1 cells. In conclusion, our study was the first to identify differentially expressed miRNAs in chicken cecal tissue during E. tenella infection and found that gga-miR-2954 regulates the host immune response to coccidial infection in chickens by targeting the RORC gene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hailiang Yu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Jianqiang Tang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Liyue Dong
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Meihui Tang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - AreeJ Arif
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Tao Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Genxi Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Kaizhou Xie
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Zhenhua Zhao
- Poultry Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Yangzhou, China
| | - Guojun Dai
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China.
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Rumpel N, Riechert G, Schumann J. miRNA-Mediated Fine Regulation of TLR-Induced M1 Polarization. Cells 2024; 13:701. [PMID: 38667316 PMCID: PMC11049089 DOI: 10.3390/cells13080701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2024] [Revised: 04/15/2024] [Accepted: 04/17/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Macrophage polarization to the M1 spectrum is induced by bacterial cell wall components through stimulation of Toll-like family (TLR) receptors. By orchestrating the expression of relevant mediators of the TLR cascade, as well as associated pathways and feedback loops, macrophage polarization is coordinated to ensure an appropriate immune response. This is central to the successful control of pathogens and the maintenance of health. Macrophage polarization is known to be modulated at both the transcriptional and post-transcriptional levels. In recent years, the miRNA-based post-transcriptional regulation of M1 polarization has received increasing attention from the scientific community. Comparative studies have shown that TLR stimulation alters the miRNA profile of macrophages and that macrophages from the M1 or the M2 spectrum differ in terms of miRNAs expressed. Simultaneously, miRNAs are considered critical post-transcriptional regulators of macrophage polarization. In particular, miRNAs are thought to play a regulatory role in the switch between the early proinflammatory response and the resolution phase. In this review, we will discuss the current state of knowledge on the complex interaction of transcriptional and post-transcriptional regulatory mechanisms that ultimately determine the functionality of macrophages.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Julia Schumann
- University Clinic and Outpatient Clinic for Anesthesiology and Operative Intensive Care, University Medicine Halle (Saale), Franzosenweg 1a, 06112 Halle (Saale), Germany
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Deng T, Xu J, Wang Q, Wang X, Jiao Y, Cao X, Geng Q, Zhang M, Zhao L, Xiao C. Immunomodulatory effects of curcumin on macrophage polarization in rheumatoid arthritis. Front Pharmacol 2024; 15:1369337. [PMID: 38487171 PMCID: PMC10938599 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2024.1369337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2024] [Accepted: 02/19/2024] [Indexed: 03/17/2024] Open
Abstract
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a systemic autoimmune disease characterized by synovial inflammation, cartilage destruction, pannus formation and bone erosion. Various immune cells, including macrophages, are involved in RA pathogenesis. The heterogeneity and plasticity of macrophages render them pivotal regulators of both the induction and resolution of the inflammatory response. Predominantly, two different phenotypes of macrophages have been identified: classically activated M1 macrophages exacerbate inflammation via the production of cytokines, chemokines and other inflammatory mediators, while alternatively activated M2 macrophages inhibit inflammation and facilitate tissue repair. An imbalance in the M1/M2 macrophage ratio is critical during the initiation and progression of RA. Macrophage polarization is modulated by various transcription factors, epigenetic elements and metabolic reprogramming. Curcumin, an active component of turmeric, exhibits potent immunomodulatory effects and is administered in the treatment of multiple autoimmune diseases, including RA. The regulation of macrophage polarization and subsequent cytokine production as well as macrophage migration is involved in the mechanisms underlying the therapeutic effect of curcumin on RA. In this review, we summarize the underlying mechanisms by which curcumin modulates macrophage function and polarization in the context of RA to provide evidence for the clinical application of curcumin in RA treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tingting Deng
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Jiahe Xu
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China
- Graduate School of Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences/Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Qiong Wang
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China
- China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Xing Wang
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China
- China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Yi Jiao
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China
- China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaoxue Cao
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China
- Graduate School of Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences/Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Qishun Geng
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China
- Graduate School of Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences/Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Mengxiao Zhang
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Lu Zhao
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China
- China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Cheng Xiao
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China
- Department of Emergency, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China
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Smyth T, Jaspers I. Diesel exhaust particles induce polarization state-dependent functional and transcriptional changes in human monocyte-derived macrophages. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2024; 326:L83-L97. [PMID: 38084400 DOI: 10.1152/ajplung.00085.2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2023] [Revised: 10/30/2023] [Accepted: 11/23/2023] [Indexed: 01/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Macrophage populations exist on a spectrum between the proinflammatory M1 and proresolution M2 states and have demonstrated the ability to reprogram between them after exposure to opposing polarization stimuli. Particulate matter (PM) has been repeatedly linked to worsening morbidity and mortality following respiratory infections and has been demonstrated to modify macrophage function and polarization. The purpose of this study was to determine whether diesel exhaust particles (DEP), a key component of airborne PM, would demonstrate polarization state-dependent effects on human monocyte-derived macrophages (hMDMs) and whether DEP would modify macrophage reprogramming. CD14+CD16- monocytes were isolated from the blood of healthy human volunteers and differentiated into macrophages with macrophage colony-stimulating factor (M-CSF). Resulting macrophages were left unpolarized or polarized into the proresolution M2 state before being exposed to DEP, M1-polarizing conditions (IFN-γ and LPS), or both and tested for phagocytic function, secretory profile, gene expression patterns, and bioenergetic properties. Contrary to previous reports, we observed a mixed M1/M2 phenotype in reprogrammed M2 cells when considering the broader range of functional readouts. In addition, we determined that DEP exposure dampens phagocytic function in all polarization states while modifying bioenergetic properties in M1 macrophages preferentially. Together, these data suggest that DEP exposure of reprogrammed M2 macrophages results in a highly inflammatory, highly energetic subpopulation of macrophages that may contribute to the poor health outcomes following PM exposure during respiratory infections.NEW & NOTEWORTHY We determined that reprogramming M2 macrophages in the presence of diesel exhaust particles (DEP) results in a highly inflammatory mixed M1/M2 phenotype. We also demonstrated that M1 macrophages are particularly vulnerable to particulate matter (PM) exposure as seen by dampened phagocytic function and modified bioenergetics. Our study suggests that PM causes reprogrammed M2 macrophages to become a highly energetic, highly secretory subpopulation of macrophages that may contribute to negative health outcomes observed in humans after PM exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timothy Smyth
- Curriculum in Toxicology & Environmental Medicine, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States
- Center for Environmental Medicine, Asthma, and Lung Biology, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States
| | - Ilona Jaspers
- Curriculum in Toxicology & Environmental Medicine, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States
- Center for Environmental Medicine, Asthma, and Lung Biology, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States
- Department of Pediatrics, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States
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Aleshcheva G, Baumeier C, Harms D, Bock C, Escher F, Schultheiss H. MicroRNAs as novel biomarkers and potential therapeutic options for inflammatory cardiomyopathy. ESC Heart Fail 2023; 10:3410-3418. [PMID: 37679968 PMCID: PMC10682862 DOI: 10.1002/ehf2.14523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2023] [Revised: 08/10/2023] [Accepted: 08/22/2023] [Indexed: 09/09/2023] Open
Abstract
AIMS Inflammation of the heart is a complex biological and pathophysiological response of the immune system to a variety of injuries leading to tissue damage and heart failure. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) emerge as pivotal players in the development of numerous diseases, suggesting their potential utility as biomarkers for inflammation and as viable candidates for therapeutic interventions. The primary aim of this investigation was to pinpoint and assess particular miRNAs in individuals afflicted by virus-negative inflammatory dilated cardiomyopathy (DCMi). METHODS AND RESULTS The study involved the analysis of 152 serum samples sourced from patients diagnosed with unexplained heart failure through endomyocardial biopsy. Among these samples, 38 belonged to DCMi patients, 24 to DCM patients, 44 to patients displaying inflammation alongside diverse viral infections, and 46 to patients solely affected by viral infections without concurrent inflammation. Additionally, serum samples from 10 healthy donors were included. The expression levels of 754 distinct miRNAs were evaluated using TaqMan OpenArray. MiR-1, miR-23, miR-142-5p, miR-155, miR-193, and miR-195 exhibited exclusive down-regulation solely in DCMi patients (P < 0.005). These miRNAs enabled effective differentiation between individuals with inflammation unlinked to viruses (DCMi) and all other participant groups (P < 0.005), boasting a specificity surpassing 86%. CONCLUSIONS The identification of specific miRNAs offers a novel diagnostic perspective for recognizing intramyocardial inflammation within virus-negative DCMi patients. Furthermore, these miRNAs hold promise as potential candidates for tailored therapeutic strategies in the context of virus-negative DCMi.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ganna Aleshcheva
- Institute for Cardiac Diagnostics and Therapy (IKDT)Moltkestr. 31BerlinGermany
| | - Christian Baumeier
- Institute for Cardiac Diagnostics and Therapy (IKDT)Moltkestr. 31BerlinGermany
| | - Dominik Harms
- Institute for Cardiac Diagnostics and Therapy (IKDT)Moltkestr. 31BerlinGermany
| | - C.‐Thomas Bock
- Division of Viral Gastroenteritis and Hepatitis Pathogens and Enteroviruses, Department of Infectious DiseasesRobert Koch InstituteBerlinGermany
| | - Felicitas Escher
- Institute for Cardiac Diagnostics and Therapy (IKDT)Moltkestr. 31BerlinGermany
- Department of Cardiology, Campus VirchowCharité – University Hospital BerlinBerlinGermany
- DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site BerlinBerlinGermany
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Wang C, Wang X, Zhang D, Sun X, Wu Y, Wang J, Li Q, Jiang G. The macrophage polarization by miRNAs and its potential role in the treatment of tumor and inflammation (Review). Oncol Rep 2023; 50:190. [PMID: 37711048 PMCID: PMC10523439 DOI: 10.3892/or.2023.8627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2023] [Accepted: 08/18/2023] [Indexed: 09/16/2023] Open
Abstract
The characteristics of monocyte/macrophage lineage are diversity and plasticity, mainly manifested by M1 and M2 subtypes in the body tissues, and playing different roles in the immunity. In the polarization process of macrophages, the classic molecular mechanism is related to sequential transcription factors. Whether in tumor or inflammatory local microenvironment, the pathological factors of the local microenvironment often affect the polarization of M1 and M2 macrophages, and participate in the occurrence and development of these pathological processes. In recent years, a growing number of research results demonstrated that non‑coding RNA (ncRNA) also participates in the polarization process of macrophages, in addition to traditional cytokines and transcriptional regulation signal pathway molecules. Among numerous ncRNAs, microRNAs (miRNAs) have attracted more attention from scholars both domestically and internationally, and significant progress has been made in basic and clinical research. Therefore, for improved understanding of the molecular mechanism of miRNAs in macrophage polarization and analysis of the potential value of this regulatory pathway in tumor and inflammatory intervention therapy, a comprehensive review of the progress of relevant literature research was conducted and some viewpoints and perspectives were proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chaozhe Wang
- Department of Immunology, College of Basic Medicine, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, Shandong 2640032, P.R. China
| | - Xidi Wang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Zhangqiu People's Hospital, Jinan, Shandong 250200, P.R. China
| | - Danfeng Zhang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Lixia People's Hospital, Jinan, Shandong 250013, P.R. China
| | - Xiaolin Sun
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Zibo First Hospital, Zibo, Shandong 255200, P.R. China
| | - Yunhua Wu
- Department of Immunology, College of Basic Medicine, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, Shandong 2640032, P.R. China
| | - Jing Wang
- Department of Immunology, Shandong Yinfeng Academy of Life Science, Jinan, Shandong 250013, P.R. China
| | - Qing Li
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Zibo First Hospital, Zibo, Shandong 255200, P.R. China
| | - Guosheng Jiang
- Department of Immunology, College of Basic Medicine, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, Shandong 2640032, P.R. China
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Zibo First Hospital, Zibo, Shandong 255200, P.R. China
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Asbjornsdottir B, Sigurdsson S, Miranda-Ribera A, Fiorentino M, Konno T, Lan J, Gudmundsson LS, Gottfredsson M, Lauth B, Birgisdottir BE, Fasano A. Evaluating Prophylactic Effect of Bovine Colostrum on Intestinal Barrier Function in Zonulin Transgenic Mice: A Transcriptomic Study. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:14730. [PMID: 37834178 PMCID: PMC10572565 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241914730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2023] [Revised: 09/22/2023] [Accepted: 09/27/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The intestinal barrier comprises a single layer of epithelial cells tightly joined to form a physical barrier. Disruption or compromise of the intestinal barrier can lead to the inadvertent activation of immune cells, potentially causing an increased risk of chronic inflammation in various tissues. Recent research has suggested that specific dietary components may influence the function of the intestinal barrier, potentially offering a means to prevent or mitigate inflammatory disorders. However, the precise mechanism underlying these effects remains unclear. Bovine colostrum (BC), the first milk from cows after calving, is a natural source of nutrients with immunomodulatory, anti-inflammatory, and gut-barrier fortifying properties. This novel study sought to investigate the transcriptome in BC-treated Zonulin transgenic mice (Ztm), characterized by dysbiotic microbiota, intestinal hyperpermeability, and mild hyperactivity, applying RNA sequencing. Seventy-five tissue samples from the duodenum, colon, and brain of Ztm and wild-type (WT) mice were dissected, processed, and RNA sequenced. The expression profiles were analyzed and integrated to identify differentially expressed genes (DEGs) and differentially expressed transcripts (DETs). These were then further examined using bioinformatics tools. RNA-seq analysis identified 1298 DEGs and 20,952 DETs in the paired (Ztm treatment vs. Ztm control) and reference (WT controls) groups. Of these, 733 DEGs and 10,476 DETs were upregulated, while 565 DEGs and 6097 DETs were downregulated. BC-treated Ztm female mice showed significant upregulation of cingulin (Cgn) and claudin 12 (Cldn12) duodenum and protein interactions, as well as molecular pathways and interactions pertaining to tight junctions, while BC-treated Ztm males displayed an upregulation of transcripts like occludin (Ocln) and Rho/Rac guanine nucleotide exchange factor 2 (Arhgf2) and cellular structures and interfaces, protein-protein interactions, and organization and response mechanisms. This comprehensive analysis reveals the influence of BC treatment on tight junctions (TJs) and Nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells (NF-kB) signaling pathway gene expressions. The present study is the first to analyze intestinal and brain samples from BC-treated Ztm mice applying high-throughput RNA sequencing. This study revealed molecular interaction in intestinal barrier function and identified hub genes and their functional pathways and biological processes in response to BC treatment in Ztm mice. Further research is needed to validate these findings and explore their implications for dietary interventions aimed at improving intestinal barrier integrity and function. The MGH Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee authorized the animal study (2013N000013).
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Affiliation(s)
- Birna Asbjornsdottir
- Department of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition, Mucosal Immunology and Biology Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA; (B.A.); (M.F.); (T.K.); (J.L.)
- School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, 102 Reykjavik, Iceland (M.G.)
- Unit for Nutrition Research, Landspitali University Hospital, Faculty of Food Science and Nutrition, University of Iceland, 102 Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Snaevar Sigurdsson
- School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, 102 Reykjavik, Iceland (M.G.)
- Biomedical Center, University of Iceland, 102 Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Alba Miranda-Ribera
- Department of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition, Mucosal Immunology and Biology Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA; (B.A.); (M.F.); (T.K.); (J.L.)
| | - Maria Fiorentino
- Department of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition, Mucosal Immunology and Biology Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA; (B.A.); (M.F.); (T.K.); (J.L.)
| | - Takumi Konno
- Department of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition, Mucosal Immunology and Biology Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA; (B.A.); (M.F.); (T.K.); (J.L.)
- Department of Cell Science, Research Institute for Frontier Medicine, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo 060-8556, Japan
| | - Jinggang Lan
- Department of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition, Mucosal Immunology and Biology Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA; (B.A.); (M.F.); (T.K.); (J.L.)
| | - Larus S. Gudmundsson
- School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Iceland, 102 Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Magnus Gottfredsson
- School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, 102 Reykjavik, Iceland (M.G.)
- Department of Scientific Affairs, Landspitali University Hospital, 102 Reykjavik, Iceland
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Landspitali University Hospital, 102 Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Bertrand Lauth
- School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, 102 Reykjavik, Iceland (M.G.)
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Landspitali University Hospital, 102 Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Bryndis Eva Birgisdottir
- Unit for Nutrition Research, Landspitali University Hospital, Faculty of Food Science and Nutrition, University of Iceland, 102 Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Alessio Fasano
- Department of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition, Mucosal Immunology and Biology Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA; (B.A.); (M.F.); (T.K.); (J.L.)
- Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Harvard University, Boston, MA 02138, USA
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10
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Yang X, Zeng X, Shu J, Bao H, Liu X. MiR-155 enhances phagocytosis of alveolar macrophages through the mTORC2/RhoA pathway. Medicine (Baltimore) 2023; 102:e34592. [PMID: 37657048 PMCID: PMC10476751 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000034592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2023] [Accepted: 07/13/2023] [Indexed: 09/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Alveolar macrophage phagocytosis is significantly reduced in Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, and cigarette smoke extract is one of the chief reasons for this decrease. Nevertheless, the specific underlying mechanism remains elusive. In this study, the role and possible mechanism of miR-155-5p/mTORC2/RhoA in the phagocytosis of mouse alveolar macrophages (MH-S) were explored. Our results revealed that cigarette smoke extract intervention reduced MH-S cell phagocytosis and miR-155-5p expression. Meanwhile, the dual-luciferase reporter assay validated that Rictor is a target of miR-155-5p. On the one hand, transfecting miR-155-5p mimic, mimic NC, miR-155-5p inhibitor, or inhibitor NC in MH-S cells overexpressing miR-155-5p increased the Alveolar macrophage phagocytotic rate, up-regulated the expression level of RhoA and p-RhoA, and down-regulated that of mTOR and Rictor mRNA and protein. On the other hand, inhibiting the expression of miR-155-5p lowered the phagocytotic rate, up-regulated the expression of mTOR, Rictor mRNA, and protein, and down-regulated the expression of RhoA and p-RhoA, which taken together, authenticated that miR-155-5p participates in macrophage phagocytosis via the mTORC2/RhoA pathway. Finally, confocal microscopy demonstrated that cells overexpressing miR-155-5p underwent cytoskeletal rearrangement during phagocytosis, and the phagocytic function of cells was enhanced, signaling that miR-155-5p participated in macrophage skeletal rearrangement and enhanced alveolar macrophage phagocytosis by targeting the expression of Rictor in the mTORC2/RhoA pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinna Yang
- The First School of Clinical Medicine, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
- Department of Gerontal Respiratory Medicine, The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Xiaoli Zeng
- The First School of Clinical Medicine, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
- Department of Gerontal Respiratory Medicine, The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Juan Shu
- The First School of Clinical Medicine, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
- Department of Gerontal Respiratory Medicine, The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Hairong Bao
- The First School of Clinical Medicine, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
- Department of Gerontal Respiratory Medicine, The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Xiaoju Liu
- The First School of Clinical Medicine, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
- Department of Gerontal Respiratory Medicine, The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
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11
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Žaloudíková M. Mechanisms and Effects of Macrophage Polarization and Its Specifics in Pulmonary Environment. Physiol Res 2023; 72:S137-S156. [PMID: 37565418 PMCID: PMC10660583 DOI: 10.33549/physiolres.935058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2023] [Accepted: 06/09/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Macrophages are a specific group of cells found in all body tissues. They have specific characteristics in each of the tissues that correspond to the functional needs of the specific environment. These cells are involved in a wide range of processes, both pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory ("wound healing"). This is due to their specific capacity for so-called polarization, a phenotypic change that is, moreover, partially reversible compared to other differentiated cells of the human body. This promises a wide range of possibilities for its influence and thus therapeutic use. In this article, we therefore review the mechanisms that cause polarization, the basic classification of polarized macrophages, their characteristic markers and the effects that accompany these phenotypic changes. Since the study of pulmonary (and among them mainly alveolar) macrophages is currently the focus of scientific interest of many researchers and these macrophages are found in very specific environments, given mainly by the extremely high partial pressure of oxygen compared to other locations, which specifically affects their behavior, we will focus our review on this group.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Žaloudíková
- Department of Physiology, Second Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic.
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12
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Abramczyk J, Milkiewicz M, Hula B, Milkiewicz P, Kempinska-Podhorodecka A. The Role of hsa-miR-125b-5p Interaction with S1P/Ceramide Axis in the Potential Development of Inflammation-Associated Colon Cancer in Primary Sclerosing Cholangitis. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24119175. [PMID: 37298127 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24119175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2023] [Revised: 05/16/2023] [Accepted: 05/22/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC) is characterised by the co-occurrence of inflammatory bowel diseases, particularly ulcerative colitis (UC). We investigated how the interaction of miR-125b with the sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P)/ceramide axis may predispose patients with PSC, PSC/UC, and UC to carcinogenesis in the ascending and sigmoid colons. The overexpression of miR-125b was accompanied by the upregulation of S1P, ceramide synthases, ceramide kinases, and the downregulation of AT-rich interaction domain 2 in the ascending colon of PSC/UC, which contributed to the progression of high microsatellite instability (MSI-H) colorectal carcinoma. We also showed that the overexpression of sphingosine kinase 2 (SPHK2) and the genes involved in the glycolytic pathway in the sigmoid colon of UC led to the upregulation of Interleukin 17 (IL-17). In vitro stimulation of human intestinal epithelial cells (Caco-2, HT-29, and NCM460D) with lipopolysaccharide suppressed miR-125b and increased proinflammatory cytokines, whereas the induction of miR-125b activity by either a miR-125b mimetic or lithocholic acid resulted in the inhibition of miR-125b targets. In summary, miR-125b overexpression was associated with an imbalance in the S1P/ceramide axis that can lead to MSI-H cancer progression in PSC/UC. Furthermore, SPHK2 overexpression and a change in the cellular metabolic flux are important players in inflammation-associated colon cancer in UC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanna Abramczyk
- Department of Medical Biology, Pomeranian Medical University, 70-111 Szczecin, Poland
| | - Malgorzata Milkiewicz
- Department of Medical Biology, Pomeranian Medical University, 70-111 Szczecin, Poland
| | - Bartosz Hula
- Department of Medical Biology, Pomeranian Medical University, 70-111 Szczecin, Poland
| | - Piotr Milkiewicz
- Liver and Internal Medicine Unit, Medical University of Warsaw, 02-097 Warsaw, Poland
- Translational Medicine Group, Pomeranian Medical University, 70-111 Szczecin, Poland
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13
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Guha Ray A, Odum OP, Wiseman D, Weinstock A. The diverse roles of macrophages in metabolic inflammation and its resolution. Front Cell Dev Biol 2023; 11:1147434. [PMID: 36994095 PMCID: PMC10041730 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2023.1147434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2023] [Accepted: 02/14/2023] [Indexed: 03/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Macrophages are one of the most functionally diverse immune cells, indispensable to maintain tissue integrity and metabolic health. Macrophages perform a myriad of functions ranging from promoting inflammation, through inflammation resolution to restoring and maintaining tissue homeostasis. Metabolic diseases encompass a growing list of diseases which develop from a mix of genetics and environmental cues leading to metabolic dysregulation and subsequent inflammation. In this review, we summarize the contributions of macrophages to four metabolic conditions-insulin resistance and adipose tissue inflammation, atherosclerosis, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease and neurodegeneration. The role of macrophages is complex, yet they hold great promise as potential therapies to address these growing health concerns.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Ada Weinstock
- Section of Genetic Medicine, Department of Medicine, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States
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14
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Li Y, Long Y, Zhi X, Hao H, Wang X, Liu H, Wang L. miR-339-3p promotes AT1-AA-induced vascular inflammation by upregulating NFATc3 protein expression in vascular smooth muscle cells. Acta Biochim Biophys Sin (Shanghai) 2023; 55:295-303. [PMID: 36825443 PMCID: PMC10157516 DOI: 10.3724/abbs.2023009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Vascular inflammation induced by angiotensin II-1 receptor autoantibody (AT1-AA) is involved in the occurrence and development of various cardiovascular diseases. miR-339-3p is closely related to the degree of vasodilation of aortic aneurysm and is also involved in the occurrence and development of acute pancreatitis. However, it is still unclear whether miR-339-3p influences AT1-AA-induced vascular inflammation. In this study, the role and mechanism of miR-339-3p in AT1-AA-induced vascular inflammation are studied. RT-PCR detection shows that the miR-339-3p levels in the thoracic aorta and serum exosomes of AT1-AA-positive rats are significantly increased. The miRwalk database predicts the mRNAs that miR-339-3p can bind to their 5'UTR. Subsequently, it is found that the number of genes contained in the T cell receptor pathway is high through KEGG analysis, and NFATc3 among them can promote the secretion of various inflammatory cytokines. AT1-AA-induced upregulation of miR-339-3p expression in vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) can lead to a significant increase in NFATc3 protein level and promote vascular inflammation. Inhibition of miR-339-3p with antagomir-339-3p can significantly reverse AT1-AA-induced high expressions of IL-6, IL-1β and TNF-α proteins in rat thoracic aorta and VSMCs. That is, AT1-AA can upregulate the expression of miR-339-3p in VSMCs, and the increased miR-339-3p targets the 5'UTR of NFATc3 mRNA to increase the protein level of NFATc3, thereby aggravating the occurrence of vascular inflammation. These findings provide new experimental evidence for the involvement of miRNAs in regulating vascular inflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Li
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030001, China
| | - Yaolin Long
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030001, China
| | - Xiaoyan Zhi
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030001, China
| | - Haihu Hao
- Department of Orthopedics, Shanxi Bethune Hospital & Shanxi Academy of Medical Sciences, Taiyuan 030032, China
| | - Xiaohui Wang
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030001, China
| | - Huirong Liu
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Li Wang
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030001, China
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15
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Rebech GT, Bragato JP, Costa SF, de Freitas JH, dos Santos MO, Soares MF, Eugênio FDR, dos Santos PSP, de Lima VMF. miR-148a regulation interferes in inflammatory cytokine and parasitic load in canine leishmaniasis. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2023; 17:e0011039. [PMID: 36719867 PMCID: PMC9888699 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0011039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2022] [Accepted: 12/19/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Canine leishmaniasis (CanL) is a severe public health threat. Infected animals mediate transmission of the Leishmania protozoan to humans via the sandfly's bite during a blood meal. CanL progression depends on the degree of suppression of the immune response, possibly associated with microRNAs (miR), which can modulate mRNA translation into proteins and (consequently) regulate cell function. Increased miR-148a in splenic leukocytes (SL) of dogs with CanL was observed in previous studies, and in silico analysis, identified possible pathways involved in immune response regulation that are affected by this miR. Therefore, we evaluated the involvement of miR-148a in the regulation of TNF-α, IL-6, IL-12, IL-1β, iNOS, MHCII, CD80, CD3, T-bet, and GATA-3 transcription factors and their relationship with parasite load in SL of dogs with CanL. Splenic leukocytes obtained from healthy and diseased dogs were transfected with miR-148a mimic and inhibitor oligonucleotides. After 48 hours, expression levels of MHCII, CD80, iNOS, CD3, T-bet, and GATA-3 were evaluated by flow cytometry, and concentrations of TNF-α, IL-12, IL-6, and IL-1β were measured in culture supernatants by capture enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays. Transfection of SL with miR-148a mimics decreased iNOS levels in cells and TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-12 in the supernatants of cultured SL from CanL dogs. Interestingly, transfection with miR-148a inhibitor decreased parasite load in SL cells. These results suggest a direct or not regulatory role of this miR in the immune response to Leishmania infantum infection. We conclude that miR-148a can modulate immune responses by regulating inflammatory cytokines during CanL. Our results contribute to understanding the complex host/parasite interaction in CanL and could assist the development of treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriela Torres Rebech
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Surgery and Animal Reproduction, São Paulo State University (UNESP), School of Veterinary Medicine, Araçatuba, Brazil
- * E-mail: (GTR); (VMFDL)
| | - Jaqueline Poleto Bragato
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Surgery and Animal Reproduction, São Paulo State University (UNESP), School of Veterinary Medicine, Araçatuba, Brazil
| | - Sidnei Ferro Costa
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Surgery and Animal Reproduction, São Paulo State University (UNESP), School of Veterinary Medicine, Araçatuba, Brazil
| | - Jéssica Henrique de Freitas
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Surgery and Animal Reproduction, São Paulo State University (UNESP), School of Veterinary Medicine, Araçatuba, Brazil
| | - Marilene Oliveira dos Santos
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Surgery and Animal Reproduction, São Paulo State University (UNESP), School of Veterinary Medicine, Araçatuba, Brazil
| | - Matheus Fujimura Soares
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Surgery and Animal Reproduction, São Paulo State University (UNESP), School of Veterinary Medicine, Araçatuba, Brazil
| | - Flávia de Rezende Eugênio
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Surgery and Animal Reproduction, São Paulo State University (UNESP), School of Veterinary Medicine, Araçatuba, Brazil
| | - Paulo Sérgio Patto dos Santos
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Surgery and Animal Reproduction, São Paulo State University (UNESP), School of Veterinary Medicine, Araçatuba, Brazil
| | - Valéria Marçal Felix de Lima
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Surgery and Animal Reproduction, São Paulo State University (UNESP), School of Veterinary Medicine, Araçatuba, Brazil
- * E-mail: (GTR); (VMFDL)
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16
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Marangon D, Castro e Silva JH, Lecca D. Neuronal and Glial Communication via Non-Coding RNAs: Messages in Extracellular Vesicles. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 24:ijms24010470. [PMID: 36613914 PMCID: PMC9820657 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24010470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2022] [Revised: 12/22/2022] [Accepted: 12/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) have been increasingly recognized as essential players in cell communication in many organs and systems, including the central nervous system (CNS). A proper interaction between neural cells is fundamental in the regulation of neurophysiological processes and its alteration could induce several pathological phenomena, such as neurodegeneration, neuroinflammation, and demyelination. EVs contain and transfer complex molecular cargoes typical of their cells of origin, such as proteins, lipids, carbohydrates, and metabolites to recipient cells. EVs are also enriched in non-coding RNAs (e.g., microRNAs, lncRNAs, and circRNA), which were formerly considered as cell-intrinsic regulators of CNS functions and pathologies, thus representing a new layer of regulation in the cell-to-cell communication. In this review, we summarize the most recent and advanced studies on the role of EV-derived ncRNAs in the CNS. First, we report the potential of neural stem cell-derived ncRNAs as new therapeutic tools for neurorepair. Then, we discuss the role of neuronal ncRNAs in regulating glia activation, and how alteration in glial ncRNAs influences neuronal survival and synaptic functions. We conclude that EV-derived ncRNAs can act as intercellular signals in the CNS to either propagate neuroinflammatory waves or promote reparative functions.
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17
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The Role of microRNAs in Inflammation. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232415479. [PMID: 36555120 PMCID: PMC9779565 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232415479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2022] [Revised: 12/02/2022] [Accepted: 12/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Inflammation is a biological response of the immune system to various insults, such as pathogens, toxic compounds, damaged cells, and radiation. The complex network of pro- and anti-inflammatory factors and their direction towards inflammation often leads to the development and progression of various inflammation-associated diseases. The role of small non-coding RNAs (small ncRNAs) in inflammation has gained much attention in the past two decades for their regulation of inflammatory gene expression at multiple levels and their potential to serve as biomarkers and therapeutic targets in various diseases. One group of small ncRNAs, microRNAs (miRNAs), has become a key regulator in various inflammatory disease conditions. Their fine-tuning of target gene regulation often turns out to be an important factor in controlling aberrant inflammatory reactions in the system. This review summarizes the biogenesis of miRNA and the mechanisms of miRNA-mediated gene regulation. The review also briefly discusses various pro- and anti-inflammatory miRNAs, their targets and functions, and provides a detailed discussion on the role of miR-10a in inflammation.
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18
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He S, Chen Z, Xue C, Zhou L, Li C, Jiang W, Lian S, Shen Y, Liao M, Zhang X. MiR-9a-5p alleviates ventilator-induced lung injury in rats by inhibiting the activation of the MAPK signaling pathway via CXCR4 expression downregulation. Int Immunopharmacol 2022; 112:109288. [DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2022.109288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2022] [Revised: 09/15/2022] [Accepted: 09/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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19
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Zhou H, Gan M, Jin X, Dai M, Wang Y, Lei Y, Lin Z, Ming J. miR‑382 inhibits breast cancer progression and metastasis by affecting the M2 polarization of tumor‑associated macrophages by targeting PGC‑1α. Int J Oncol 2022; 61:126. [PMID: 36069230 PMCID: PMC9477106 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2022.5416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2022] [Accepted: 08/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Macrophages are principal immune cells with a high plasticity in the human body that can differentiate under different conditions in the tumor microenvironment to adopt two polarized phenotypes with opposite functions. Therefore, converting macrophages from the immunosuppressive phenotype (M2) to the inflammatory phenotype (M1) is considered a promising therapeutic strategy for cancer. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying this conversion process have not yet been completely elucidated. In recent years, microRNAs (miRNAs or miRs) have been shown to play key roles in regulating macrophage polarization through their ability to modulate gene expression. In the present study, it was found that miR‑382 expression was significantly downregulated in tumor‑associated macrophages (TAMs) and M2‑polarized macrophages in breast cancer. In vitro, macrophage polarization toward the M2 phenotype and M2‑type cytokine release were inhibited by transfection with miR‑382‑overexpressing lentivirus. Similarly, the overexpression of miR‑382 inhibited the ability of TAMs to promote the malignant behaviors of breast cancer cells. In addition, peroxisome proliferator‑activated receptor γ coactivator‑1α (PGC‑1α) was identified as the downstream target of miR‑382 and it was found that PGC‑1α affected macrophage polarization by altering the metabolic status. The ectopic expression of PGC‑1α restored the phenotype and cytokine secretion of miR‑382‑overexpressing macrophages. Furthermore, PGC‑1α expression reversed the miR‑382‑induced changes in the metabolic state of TAMs and the effects of TAMs on breast cancer cells. Of note, the in vivo growth and metastasis of 4T1 cells were inhibited by miR‑382‑overexpressing TAMs. Taken together, the results of the present study suggest that miR‑382 may alter the metabolic status of macrophages by targeting PGC‑1α, thereby decreasing the proportion of TAMs with the M2 phenotype, and inhibiting the progression and metastasis of breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hua Zhou
- Department of Breast and Thyroid Surgery, The Affiliated Shapingba Hospital of Chongqing University, Chongqing 400030, P.R. China
| | - Mingyu Gan
- Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030607, P.R. China
| | - Xin Jin
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, The Affiliated Fuling Hospital of Chongqing University, Chongqing 408099, P.R. China
| | - Meng Dai
- Department of Breast and Thyroid Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400010, P.R. China
| | - Yuanyuan Wang
- Department of Breast and Thyroid Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400010, P.R. China
| | - Youyang Lei
- Department of Breast and Thyroid Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400010, P.R. China
| | - Zijing Lin
- Department of Breast and Thyroid Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400010, P.R. China
| | - Jia Ming
- Department of Breast and Thyroid Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400010, P.R. China
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20
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Wright K, Mizzi R, Plain KM, Purdie AC, de Silva K. Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis exploits miRNA expression to modulate lipid metabolism and macrophage polarisation pathways during infection. Sci Rep 2022; 12:9681. [PMID: 35690602 PMCID: PMC9188571 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-13503-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2022] [Accepted: 05/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Pathogenic mycobacteria including Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (MAP), the causative agent of Johne's disease, manipulate host macrophages to persist and cause disease. In mycobacterial infection, highly plastic macrophages, shift between inflammatory M1 and permissive M2 phenotypes which alter the disease outcome and allow bacteria to survive intracellularly. Here we examine the impact of MAP infection on polarised macrophages and how increased lipid availability alters macrophage phenotype and bacterial persistence. Further, we assess if host microRNA (miRNA) are sensitive to macrophage polarisation state and how MAP can drive their expression to overcome innate responses. Using in vitro MAP infection, we find that increasing lipid availability through supplementing culture media with exogenous lipid increases cellular nitric oxide production. Lipid-associated miRs -19a, -129, -24, and -24-3p are differentially expressed following macrophage polarisation and lipid supplementation and are further regulated during MAP infection. Collectively, our results highlight the importance of host lipid metabolism in MAP infection and demonstrate control of miRNA expression by MAP to favour intracellular persistence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathryn Wright
- Sydney School of Veterinary Science, The University of Sydney, Faculty of Science, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Rachel Mizzi
- Sydney School of Veterinary Science, The University of Sydney, Faculty of Science, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Karren M Plain
- Sydney School of Veterinary Science, The University of Sydney, Faculty of Science, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Auriol C Purdie
- Sydney School of Veterinary Science, The University of Sydney, Faculty of Science, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Kumudika de Silva
- Sydney School of Veterinary Science, The University of Sydney, Faculty of Science, Sydney, NSW, Australia.
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21
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Zheng Y, Han Y, Sun Q, Li Z. Harnessing anti-tumor and tumor-tropism functions of macrophages via nanotechnology for tumor immunotherapy. EXPLORATION (BEIJING, CHINA) 2022; 2:20210166. [PMID: 37323705 PMCID: PMC10190945 DOI: 10.1002/exp.20210166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2021] [Accepted: 01/10/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Reprogramming the immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment by modulating macrophages holds great promise in tumor immunotherapy. As a class of professional phagocytes and antigen-presenting cells in the innate immune system, macrophages can not only directly engulf and clear tumor cells, but also play roles in presenting tumor-specific antigen to initiate adaptive immunity. However, the tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) usually display tumor-supportive M2 phenotype rather than anti-tumor M1 phenotype. They can support tumor cells to escape immunological surveillance, aggravate tumor progression, and impede tumor-specific T cell immunity. Although many TAMs-modulating agents have shown great success in therapy of multiple tumors, they face enormous challenges including poor tumor accumulation and off-target side effects. An alternative solution is the use of advanced nanostructures, which not only can deliver TAMs-modulating agents to augment therapeutic efficacy, but also can directly serve as modulators of TAMs. Another important strategy is the exploitation of macrophages and macrophage-derived components as tumor-targeting delivery vehicles. Herein, we summarize the recent advances in targeting and engineering macrophages for tumor immunotherapy, including (1) direct and indirect effects of macrophages on the augmentation of immunotherapy and (2) strategies for engineering macrophage-based drug carriers. The existing perspectives and challenges of macrophage-based tumor immunotherapies are also highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanhui Zheng
- Center for Molecular Imaging and Nuclear MedicineState Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and ProtectionSchool for Radiological and Interdisciplinary Sciences (RAD‐X)Collaborative Innovation Center of Radiation Medicine of Jiangsu Higher Education InstitutionsSoochow UniversitySuzhouChina
| | - Yaobao Han
- Center for Molecular Imaging and Nuclear MedicineState Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and ProtectionSchool for Radiological and Interdisciplinary Sciences (RAD‐X)Collaborative Innovation Center of Radiation Medicine of Jiangsu Higher Education InstitutionsSoochow UniversitySuzhouChina
| | - Qiao Sun
- Center for Molecular Imaging and Nuclear MedicineState Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and ProtectionSchool for Radiological and Interdisciplinary Sciences (RAD‐X)Collaborative Innovation Center of Radiation Medicine of Jiangsu Higher Education InstitutionsSoochow UniversitySuzhouChina
| | - Zhen Li
- Center for Molecular Imaging and Nuclear MedicineState Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and ProtectionSchool for Radiological and Interdisciplinary Sciences (RAD‐X)Collaborative Innovation Center of Radiation Medicine of Jiangsu Higher Education InstitutionsSoochow UniversitySuzhouChina
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22
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Comparative evaluation of microRNA-155 expression level and its correlation with tumor necrotizing factor α and interleukin 6 in patients with chronic periodontitis. Dent Res J (Isfahan) 2022; 19:39. [PMID: 35669607 PMCID: PMC9164665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2019] [Revised: 09/12/2021] [Accepted: 11/09/2021] [Indexed: 10/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Background MicroRNAs are a class of small noncoding ribonucleic acids that perform a critical role in adjustment of gene expression. miRNAs-155 (miR-155) participates in controlling inflammation. Periodontitis is defined as inflammatory disorder of tissues surrounding the teeth. In this study, the expression levels of miR-155 and its target genes, tumor necrotizing factor alpha (TNF-α), and interleukin-6 (IL-6) were evaluated in a group of Iranian patients. Materials and Methods This sectional study was performed on 10 healthy controls and 10 individuals with chronic periodontitis by means of polymerase chain reaction (PCR) test. For each individual, clinical parameters including probing depth and clinical attachment loss and blood samples were measured. Levels of miR-155, TNF-α, and IL-6 were quantified using real-time PCR (α=0/05) and the results were analyzed by Mann-Whitney U test. Results The level of miR-155 was significantly higher in patients with chronic periodontitis (P < 0.001). A positive correlation was observed between the level of miR-155 and clinical parameters (P < 0.05). Level of miR-155 in tissue samples was correlated with blood samples although the expression level was higher in blood samples. Conclusion As the expression level of miR-155, TNF-α, and IL-6 genes was higher in subjects with chronic periodontitis than healthy individuals, it might suggest a role for miR-155 in patients with chronic periodontitis.
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Impact of microRNA Regulated Macrophage Actions on Adipose Tissue Function in Obesity. Cells 2022; 11:cells11081336. [PMID: 35456015 PMCID: PMC9024513 DOI: 10.3390/cells11081336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2022] [Revised: 04/12/2022] [Accepted: 04/12/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Obesity-induced adipose tissue dysfunction is bolstered by chronic, low-grade inflammation and impairs systemic metabolic health. Adipose tissue macrophages (ATMs) perpetuate local inflammation but are crucial to adipose tissue homeostasis, exerting heterogeneous, niche-specific functions. Diversified macrophage actions are shaped through finely regulated factors, including microRNAs, which post-transcriptionally alter macrophage activation. Numerous studies have highlighted microRNAs’ importance to immune function and potential as inflammation-modulatory. This review summarizes current knowledge of regulatory networks governed by microRNAs in ATMs in white adipose tissue under obesity stress.
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miRNA-21 regulates CD69 and IL-10 expression in canine leishmaniasis. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0265192. [PMID: 35324917 PMCID: PMC8947396 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0265192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2021] [Accepted: 02/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Visceral leishmaniasis in humans is a chronic and fatal disease if left untreated. Canine leishmaniasis (CanL) is a severe public health problem because infected animals are powerful transmitters of the parasite to humans via phlebotomine vectors. Therefore, dogs are an essential target for control measures. Progression of canine infection is accompanied by failure of cellular immunity with reduction of circulating lymphocytes and increased cytokines that suppress macrophage function. Studies showed that the regulation of the effector function of macrophages and T cells appears to depend on miRNAs; miRNA-21 (miR-21) shows increased expression in splenic leukocytes of dogs with CanL and targets genes related to the immune response. Mimics and inhibitors of miR-21 were used in vitro to transfect splenic leukocytes from dogs with CanL. After transfection, expression levels of the proteins FAS, FASL, CD69, CCR7, TNF-α, IL-17, IFN-γ, and IL-10 were measured. FAS, FASL, CD69, and CCR7 expression levels decreased in splenic leukocytes from dogs with CanL. The miR-21 mimic decreased CD69 expression in splenic leukocytes from CanL and healthy groups. The miR-21 inhibitor decreased IL-10 levels in culture supernatants from splenic leukocytes in the CanL group. These findings suggest that miR-21 alters the immune response in CanL; therefore, miR-21 could be used as a possible therapeutic target for CanL.
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25
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Safarzadeh M, Mohammadi-Yeganeh S, Ghorbani-Bidkorbeh F, Haji Molla Hoseini M. Chitosan based nanoformulation expressing miR-155 as a promising adjuvant to enhance Th1-biased immune responses. Life Sci 2022; 297:120459. [PMID: 35248524 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2022.120459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2021] [Revised: 02/18/2022] [Accepted: 03/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIM MiR-155 could act as a key modulator of different aspects of immune system including Th1 responses. In this study, we designed chitosan nanoparticles containing miR-155-expressing plasmid and explored their effects as an adjuvant to enhance Th1 responses for potential future application against intracellular pathogens. METHODS Nanoparticles were formulated by complex coacervation method and characterized for physicochemical and functional characteristics. Transfection efficiency in Raw 264.7 cells, effects on miR-155 target genes and NO production were evaluated. The prepared nanoparticles were co-administered as an adjuvant with ovalbumin to immunize mice and finally production of IFN-γ and IL-4 were measured by ELISA in splenocyte recall responses. RESULTS The prepared nanoparticles had the mean size of 244 nm and zeta potential of +17 mV, respectively. Electrophoresis analysis indicated the high capability of nanoparticles to protect the plasmid from DNaseI degradation. Furthermore, nanoparticles showed an appropriate transfection efficiency in Raw 264.7 cells and could downregulate the expression of miR-155 target genes and also upregulate NO production. In vivo immunization examinations revealed successful shift of T cell responses toward Th1. CONCLUSION Our data suggests the high potential of chitosan nanoparticles containing miR-155-expressing plasmid as an adjuvant for significantly enhanced Th1-biased immune responses upon immunization with a given antigen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehrnoush Safarzadeh
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Samira Mohammadi-Yeganeh
- Medical Nanotechnology and Tissue Engineering Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Department of Medical Biotechnology, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Ghorbani-Bidkorbeh
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mostafa Haji Molla Hoseini
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Medical Nanotechnology and Tissue Engineering Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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26
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Ramos-Sanchez EM, Reis LC, Souza MDA, Muxel SM, Santos KR, Lagos D, Pereira VRA, de Brito MEF, Kaye PM, Floeter-Winter LM, Goto H. miR-548d-3p Is Up-Regulated in Human Visceral Leishmaniasis and Suppresses Parasite Growth in Macrophages. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2022; 12:826039. [PMID: 35265535 PMCID: PMC8900537 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2022.826039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2021] [Accepted: 01/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Visceral leishmaniasis caused by Leishmania (Leishmania) infantum in Latin America progress with hepatosplenomegaly, pancytopenia, hypergammaglobulinemia, and weight loss and maybe lethal mainly in untreated cases. miRNAs are important regulators of immune and inflammatory gene expression, but their mechanisms of action and their relationship to pathogenesis in leishmaniasis are not well understood. In the present study, we sought to quantify changes in miRNAs associated with immune and inflammatory pathways using the L. (L.) infantum promastigote infected- human monocytic THP-1 cell model and plasma from patients with visceral leishmaniasis. We identified differentially expressed miRNAs in infected THP-1 cells compared with non-infected cells using qPCR arrays. These miRNAs were submitted to in silico analysis, revealing targets within functional pathways associated with TGF-β, chemokines, glucose metabolism, inflammation, apoptosis, and cell signaling. In parallel, we identified differentially expressed miRNAs in active visceral leishmaniasis patient plasma compared with endemic healthy controls. In silico analysis of these data indicated different predicted targets within the TGF-β, TLR4, IGF-I, chemokine, and HIF1α pathways. Only a small number of miRNAs were commonly identified in these two datasets, notably with miR-548d-3p being up-regulated in both conditions. To evaluate the potential biological role of miR-548d-3p, we transiently transfected a miR-548d-3p inhibitor into L. (L.) infantum infected-THP-1 cells, finding that inhibition of miR-548d-3p enhanced parasite growth, likely mediated through reduced levels of MCP-1/CCL2 and nitric oxide production. Further work will be required to determine how miR-548d-3p plays a role in vivo and whether it serves as a potential biomarker of progressive leishmaniasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eduardo Milton Ramos-Sanchez
- Instituto de Medicina Tropical, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo (IMTSP/USP), São Paulo, Brazil
- Departamento de Salud Publica, Facultad de Ciencias de La Salud, Universidad Nacional Toribio Rodriguez de Mendoza de Amazonas, Chachapoyas, Peru
- Graduate Program in Animal Science, Agrarian Sciences Center (CCA), Federal University of Paraiba (UFPB), Areia, Brazil
| | - Luiza Campos Reis
- Instituto de Medicina Tropical, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo (IMTSP/USP), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Marina de Assis Souza
- Instituto de Medicina Tropical, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo (IMTSP/USP), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Sandra Márcia Muxel
- Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Kamila Reis Santos
- Veterinary Clinical Immunology Research Group, Departamento de Clínica Médica, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Dimitris Lagos
- York Biomedical Research Institute, Hull York Medical School, University of York, York, United Kingdom
| | | | | | - Paul Martin Kaye
- York Biomedical Research Institute, Hull York Medical School, University of York, York, United Kingdom
| | | | - Hiro Goto
- Instituto de Medicina Tropical, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo (IMTSP/USP), São Paulo, Brazil
- Departamento de Medicina Preventiva, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
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27
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An Apple a Day Keeps the Doctor Away: Potential Role of miRNA 146 on Macrophages Treated with Exosomes Derived from Apples. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10020415. [PMID: 35203624 PMCID: PMC8962404 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10020415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2021] [Revised: 01/02/2022] [Accepted: 02/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The constant dialogue between the plant world and the animal world (including man among them) has been known since the time of Adam and Eve, where an apple was the origin of the evils of the world. Apart from Snow White—who might have something to object to when it comes to the use of apples—fruits, plants, and natural extracts have been known for millennia as remedies for human health-related ailments. In the light of such evidence, the aim of the present work was to investigate from a biological point of view the potential role of apple exosomes in inflammatory processes on human cells. To this end we isolated and characterized apple exosomes and treated human cells such as macrophages and NCTC L929 as cancer cells in order to evaluate the tumorigenic and anti-inflammatory effect of apple exomes. Microscopic and molecular biology analyses were conducted to characterize exosomes and to assess cell proliferation, death, and miRNA line, as well as gene expression and the uptake of exosomes by cells. The results confirm the absolute biological safety of exosomes and their anti-inflammatory effect, mediated mainly by miRNA146 production by M2 macrophages.
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28
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Zhao L, Li J, Zhou X, Pan Q, Zhao W, Yang X, Wang H. Natural Killer Cells Regulate Pulmonary Macrophages Polarization in Host Defense Against Chlamydial Respiratory Infection. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2022; 11:775663. [PMID: 35059323 PMCID: PMC8764407 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2021.775663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2021] [Accepted: 12/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
NK cells and pulmonary macrophages both are important components of innate immunity. The interaction between NK cells and pulmonary macrophages during chlamydial infection is poorly understood. In this study, we explored the effect of NK cells on regulation of pulmonary macrophage function during chlamydial respiratory infection. We found that NK depletion led to polarization of pulmonary macrophages from M1 to M2 phenotype, and it is related to reduced miR-155 expression in lung macrophage. Using adoptive transfer approach, we found that the recipients receiving lung macrophages isolated from C. muridarum-infected NK-cell-depleted mice exhibited an increased bacterial load and severe inflammation in the lung upon chlamydial challenge infection when compared with the recipients of lung macrophages from infected isotype control antibody treated mice. Herein, the effects of NK cells on macrophage polarization were examined in vitro. We found that NK cells from chlamydial-infected mice (iNK) significantly induced M1 polarization compared to that from uninfected mice (uNK). Inhibition of miR-155 expression in macrophages reduced M1 polarization induced by iNK, while miR-155 over-expression enhanced it. Furthermore, neutralization of IFN-γ in the coculture system decreased the expression of miR-155 by macrophages, and resulted in weakened M1 polarization. The data indicates that NK cells promote M1 polarization through up-regulation of miR-155 in macrophages by producing IFN-γ during chlamydial infection, and NK-regulated macrophage polarization is functionally relevant to host defense against the infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Zhao
- Laboratory of Basic Medical Science, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Jing Li
- Department of Pathogenic Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, China.,Department of Clinical Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, China
| | - Xiaoqing Zhou
- Department of Pathogenic Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Qianqian Pan
- Department of Respiratory, Laiwu Central Hospital, Jinan, China
| | - Weiming Zhao
- Department of Pathogenic Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Xi Yang
- Departments of Immunology and Medical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Max Rady College of Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - Hong Wang
- Department of Pathogenic Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, China
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29
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Fernandes A, Caldeira C, Cunha C, Ferreiro E, Vaz AR, Brites D. Differences in Immune-Related Genes Underlie Temporal and Regional Pathological Progression in 3xTg-AD Mice. Cells 2022; 11:cells11010137. [PMID: 35011699 PMCID: PMC8750089 DOI: 10.3390/cells11010137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2021] [Revised: 12/23/2021] [Accepted: 12/28/2021] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
The prevalence of Alzheimer’s disease (AD), the most common cause of age-associated dementia, is estimated to increase over the next decades. Evidence suggests neuro-immune signaling deregulation and risk genes beyond the amyloid-β (Aβ) deposition in AD pathology. We examined the temporal profile of inflammatory mediators and microglia deactivation/activation in the brain cortex and hippocampus of 3xTg-AD mice at 3- and 9-month-old. We found upregulated APP processing, decreased expression of CD11b, CX3CR1, MFG-E8, TNF-α, IL-1β, MHC-II and C/EBP-α and increased miR-146a in both brain regions in 3-month-old 3xTG-AD mice, suggestive of a restrictive regulation. Enhanced TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6, iNOS, SOCS1 and Arginase 1 were only present in the hippocampus of 9-month-old animals, though elevation of HMGB1 and reduction of miR-146a and miR-124 were common features in the hippocampus and cortex regions. miR-155 increased early in the cortex and later in both regions, supporting its potential as a biomarker. Candidate downregulated target genes by cortical miR-155 included Foxo3, Runx2 and CEBPβ at 3 months and Foxo3, Runx2 and Socs1 at 9 months, which are implicated in cell survival, but also in Aβ pathology and microglia/astrocyte dysfunction. Data provide new insights across AD state trajectory, with divergent microglia phenotypes and inflammatory-associated features, and identify critical targets for drug discovery and combinatorial therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adelaide Fernandes
- Central Nervous System, Blood and Peripheral Inflammation, Research Institute for Medicines (iMed.ULisboa), Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade de Lisboa, 1649-003 Lisboa, Portugal
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Medicines, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade de Lisboa, 1649-003 Lisboa, Portugal;
- Correspondence: (A.F.); (D.B.); Tel.: +351-217946450 (D.B.)
| | - Cláudia Caldeira
- Neuroinflammation, Signaling and Neuroregeneration, Research Institute for Medicines (iMed.ULisboa), Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade de Lisboa, 1649-003 Lisboa, Portugal; (C.C.); (C.C.)
| | - Carolina Cunha
- Neuroinflammation, Signaling and Neuroregeneration, Research Institute for Medicines (iMed.ULisboa), Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade de Lisboa, 1649-003 Lisboa, Portugal; (C.C.); (C.C.)
- Bruno Silva-Santos Lab, Instituto de Medicina Molecular, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, 1649-003 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Elisabete Ferreiro
- MitoXT-Mitochondrial Toxicologu and Experimental Therapeutics Laboratory, CNC-Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, Universidade de Coimbra, 3004-516 Coimbra, Portugal;
- III-Institute for Interdisciplinary Research (IIIUC), Universidade de Coimbra, 3004-516 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Ana Rita Vaz
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Medicines, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade de Lisboa, 1649-003 Lisboa, Portugal;
- Neuroinflammation, Signaling and Neuroregeneration, Research Institute for Medicines (iMed.ULisboa), Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade de Lisboa, 1649-003 Lisboa, Portugal; (C.C.); (C.C.)
| | - Dora Brites
- Neuroinflammation, Signaling and Neuroregeneration, Research Institute for Medicines (iMed.ULisboa), Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade de Lisboa, 1649-003 Lisboa, Portugal; (C.C.); (C.C.)
- Correspondence: (A.F.); (D.B.); Tel.: +351-217946450 (D.B.)
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30
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Aminzadeh A, Mogharehabed A, Yaghini J, Rahaiee M. Comparative evaluation of microRNA-155 expression level and its correlation with tumor necrotizing factor α and interleukin 6 in patients with chronic periodontitis. Dent Res J (Isfahan) 2022. [DOI: 10.4103/1735-3327.344162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
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31
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Almutairi MM, Sivandzade F, Albekairi TH, Alqahtani F, Cucullo L. Neuroinflammation and Its Impact on the Pathogenesis of COVID-19. Front Med (Lausanne) 2021; 8:745789. [PMID: 34901061 PMCID: PMC8652056 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2021.745789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2021] [Accepted: 10/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is an infectious disease caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). The clinical manifestations of COVID-19 include dry cough, difficult breathing, fever, fatigue, and may lead to pneumonia and respiratory failure. There are significant gaps in the current understanding of whether SARS-CoV-2 attacks the CNS directly or through activation of the peripheral immune system and immune cell infiltration. Although the modality of neurological impairments associated with COVID-19 has not been thoroughly investigated, the latest studies have observed that SARS-CoV-2 induces neuroinflammation and may have severe long-term consequences. Here we review the literature on possible cellular and molecular mechanisms of SARS-CoV-2 induced-neuroinflammation. Activation of the innate immune system is associated with increased cytokine levels, chemokines, and free radicals in the SARS-CoV-2-induced pathogenic response at the blood-brain barrier (BBB). BBB disruption allows immune/inflammatory cell infiltration into the CNS activating immune resident cells (such as microglia and astrocytes). This review highlights the molecular and cellular mechanisms involved in COVID-19-induced neuroinflammation, which may lead to neuronal death. A better understanding of these mechanisms will help gain substantial knowledge about the potential role of SARS-CoV-2 in neurological changes and plan possible therapeutic intervention strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed M. Almutairi
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Farzane Sivandzade
- Department of Biological Sciences, Oakland University, Rochester, MI, United States
- Department of Foundation Medical Studies, Oakland University William Beaumont School of Medicine, Rochester, MI, United States
| | - Thamer H. Albekairi
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Faleh Alqahtani
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Luca Cucullo
- Department of Foundation Medical Studies, Oakland University William Beaumont School of Medicine, Rochester, MI, United States
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32
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Dezfuli NK, Alipoor SD, Dalil Roofchayee N, Seyfi S, Salimi B, Adcock IM, Mortaz E. Evaluation Expression of miR-146a and miR-155 in Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer Patients. Front Oncol 2021; 11:715677. [PMID: 34790566 PMCID: PMC8591170 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.715677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2021] [Accepted: 10/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Non−small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is the major type of lung cancer. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are novel markers and targets in cancer therapy and can act as both tumor suppressors and oncogenes and affect immune function. The aim of this study was to investigate the expression of miR146a and miR155 in linked to blood immune cell phenotypes and serum cytokines in NSCLC patients. Methods Thirty-three NSCLC patients and 30 healthy subjects were enrolled in this study. The allele frequencies of potential DNA polymorphisms were studied using polymerase chain reaction (PCR)–restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) analysis in peripheral blood samples. Quantitative reverse transcription PCR (qRT-PCR) was used to measure the expression of miR-146a and miR-155 in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs). Serum cytokine (IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-α, TGF-β, IL-4, IFN-γ) levels were determined by ELISA. The frequency of circulating CD3+CTLA-4+ and CD4+CD25+FOXP3+ (T regulatory cells/Treg) expression was measured by flow cytometry. Results miR-146a was significantly downregulated in PBMC of NSCLC patients (P ≤ 0.001). Moreover, IL-6 and TGF-β levels were elevated in NSCLC patients (P ≤ 0.001, P ≤ 0.018, respectively). CD3+ CTLA-4+ and Treg cells frequencies were higher in patients than in control subjects (P ≤ 0.0001, P ≤ 0.0001, respectively). There was a positive correlation between miR-155 and IL-1β levels (r=0.567, p ≤ 0.001) and a negative correlation between miR-146a and TGF-β levels (r=-0.376, P ≤ 0.031) in NSCLC patients. No significant differences were found in the relative expression of miR-146a and miR-155, cytokine levels or immune cell numbers according to miR-146a and miR-155 (GG/GC/CC, TT/AT/AA) genotypes. However, there was a positive correlation between miR-146a and IL-1β levels (r=0.74, P ≤ 0.009) in GG subjects and a positive correlation between miR-146a expression and CD3+CTLA4+ cell frequency (r=0.79, P ≤ 0.01) in CC genotyped subjects. Conversely, a negative correlation between miR-146a expression and Treg cell frequency (r=−0.87, P ≤ 0.05) was observed with the GG genotype. A positive correlation between miR-155 and IL-1β expression (r=0.58, p ≤ 0.009) in the TT genotype and between miR-155 expression and CD3+CTLA-4 cell frequency (r=0.75, P ≤ 0.01) was observed in the AT genotype. Conclusions The current data suggest that the miR-146a expression in PBMC and serum TGF-β and IL-1β levels may act as blood markers in NSCLC patients. Further study is needed to elucidate the link between immune cells and serum miR146 at early disease stages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neda K Dezfuli
- Clinical Tuberculosis and Epidemiology Research Center, National Research Institute of Tuberculosis and Lung Diseases (NRITLD), Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Department of Immunology and Laboratory Sciences, School of Allied Medical Sciences, Dezful University of Medical Sciences, Dezful, Iran
| | - Shamila D Alipoor
- Molecular Medicine Department, Institute of Medical Biotechnology, National Institute of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Tehran, Iran
| | - Neda Dalil Roofchayee
- Clinical Tuberculosis and Epidemiology Research Center, National Research Institute of Tuberculosis and Lung Diseases (NRITLD), Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sharareh Seyfi
- Chronic Respiratory Diseases Research Center, National Research Institute of Tuberculosis and Lung Diseases (NRITLD), Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Babak Salimi
- Chronic Respiratory Diseases Research Center, National Research Institute of Tuberculosis and Lung Diseases (NRITLD), Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ian M Adcock
- Airways Disease Section, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Esmaeil Mortaz
- Clinical Tuberculosis and Epidemiology Research Center, National Research Institute of Tuberculosis and Lung Diseases (NRITLD), Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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33
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Goswami KK, Bose A, Baral R. Macrophages in tumor: An inflammatory perspective. Clin Immunol 2021; 232:108875. [PMID: 34740843 DOI: 10.1016/j.clim.2021.108875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2021] [Revised: 10/07/2021] [Accepted: 10/27/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Inflammation is a part of carefully co-ordinated healing immune exercise to eliminate injurious stimuli. However, in substantial number of cancer types, it contributes in shaping up of robust tumor microenvironment (TME). Solid TME promotes infiltration of tumor associated macrophages (TAMs) that contributes to cancer promotion. TAMs are functionally heterogeneous and display an extraordinary degree of plasticity, which allow 'Switching' of macrophages into an 'M2', phenotype, linked with immunosuppression, advancement of tumor angiogenesis with metastatic consequences. In contrary to the classical M1 macrophages, these M2 TAMs are high-IL-10, TGF-β secreting-'anti-inflammatory'. In this review, we will discuss the modes of infiltration and switching of TAMs into M2 anti-inflammatory state in the TME to promote immunosuppression and inflammation-driven cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kuntal Kanti Goswami
- Department of Microbiology, Asutosh College, 92, S. P. Mukherjee Road, Kolkata 700026, India.
| | - Anamika Bose
- Department of Immunoregulation and Immunodiagnostics, Chittaranjan National Cancer Institute, 37, S. P. Mukherjee Road, Kolkata 700026, India
| | - Rathindranath Baral
- Department of Immunoregulation and Immunodiagnostics, Chittaranjan National Cancer Institute, 37, S. P. Mukherjee Road, Kolkata 700026, India
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34
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Whitaker R, Hernaez-Estrada B, Hernandez RM, Santos-Vizcaino E, Spiller KL. Immunomodulatory Biomaterials for Tissue Repair. Chem Rev 2021; 121:11305-11335. [PMID: 34415742 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.0c00895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
All implanted biomaterials are targets of the host's immune system. While the host inflammatory response was once considered a detrimental force to be blunted or avoided, in recent years, it has become a powerful force to be leveraged to augment biomaterial-tissue integration and tissue repair. In this review, we will discuss the major immune cells that mediate the inflammatory response to biomaterials, with a focus on how biomaterials can be designed to modulate immune cell behavior to promote biomaterial-tissue integration. In particular, the intentional activation of monocytes and macrophages with controlled timing, and modulation of their interactions with other cell types involved in wound healing, have emerged as key strategies to improve biomaterial efficacy. To this end, careful design of biomaterial structure and controlled release of immunomodulators can be employed to manipulate macrophage phenotype for the maximization of the wound healing response with enhanced tissue integration and repair, as opposed to a typical foreign body response characterized by fibrous encapsulation and implant isolation. We discuss current challenges in the clinical translation of immunomodulatory biomaterials, such as limitations in the use of in vitro studies and animal models to model the human immune response. Finally, we describe future directions and opportunities for understanding and controlling the biomaterial-immune system interface, including the application of new imaging tools, new animal models, the discovery of new cellular targets, and novel techniques for in situ immune cell reprogramming.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ricardo Whitaker
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Science, and Health Systems, Drexel University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - Beatriz Hernaez-Estrada
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Science, and Health Systems, Drexel University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States.,NanoBioCel Group, Laboratory of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Vitoria-Gasteiz 01006, Spain
| | - Rosa Maria Hernandez
- NanoBioCel Group, Laboratory of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Vitoria-Gasteiz 01006, Spain.,Biomedical Research Networking Centre in Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), Vitoria-Gasteiz 01006, Spain
| | - Edorta Santos-Vizcaino
- NanoBioCel Group, Laboratory of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Vitoria-Gasteiz 01006, Spain.,Biomedical Research Networking Centre in Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), Vitoria-Gasteiz 01006, Spain
| | - Kara L Spiller
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Science, and Health Systems, Drexel University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
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35
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Ahmad A. Epigenetic regulation of immunosuppressive tumor-associated macrophages through dysregulated microRNAs. Semin Cell Dev Biol 2021; 124:26-33. [PMID: 34556420 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2021.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2021] [Revised: 08/02/2021] [Accepted: 09/02/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Macrophages are immune cells that play different roles under different physiological conditions. They are present in all tissues where they primarily protect from bacteria and pathogens in addition to assisting in tissue repair. During tumor progression, macrophages can exert contrasting effects based on the M1 vs. M2 polarization. The M2 macrophages support tumor growth through mechanisms that help suppress immune responses and/or circumvent immune-surveillance. A number of such mechanisms such as production of IL-10 and arginase, and expression of PD-L1, V-domain Ig suppressor of T cell activation and B7 family molecule B7-H4 are now believed central to the immunosuppressive effects of tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs). Emerging data has identified epigenetic regulation of these immunosuppressive mechanisms by small non-coding RNAs, the microRNAs (miRNAs). This review discusses the available literature on the subject, including the exosomes mediated transfer of miRNAs between cancer cells and the macrophages within the tumor microenvironment. A number of miRNAs are now believed to be involved in TAMs' production of IL-10 and expression of PD-L1 while the information on such regulation of other immunosuppressive mechanisms is slowly emerging. A better understanding of epigenetic regulation of macrophages-mediated immunosuppressive effect can help identify novel targets for therapy and aid the design of future studies aimed at sensitizing tumors to immune responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aamir Ahmad
- Interim Translational Research Institute, Academic Health System, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar.
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36
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Kishore A, Petrek M. Roles of Macrophage Polarization and Macrophage-Derived miRNAs in Pulmonary Fibrosis. Front Immunol 2021; 12:678457. [PMID: 34489932 PMCID: PMC8417529 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.678457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2021] [Accepted: 07/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
This mini-review summarizes the current evidence for the role of macrophage activation and polarization in inflammation and immune response pertinent to interstitial lung disease, specifically pulmonary fibrosis. In the fibrosing lung, the production and function of inflammatory and fibrogenic mediators involved in the disease development have been reported to be regulated by the effects of polarized M1/M2 macrophage populations. The M1 and M2 macrophage phenotypes were suggested to correspond with the pro-inflammatory and pro-fibrogenic signatures, respectively. These responses towards tissue injury followed by the development and progression of lung fibrosis are further regulated by macrophage-derived microRNAs (miRNAs). Besides cellular miRNAs, extracellular exosomal-miRNAs derived from M2 macrophages have also been proposed to promote the progression of pulmonary fibrosis. In a future perspective, harnessing the noncoding miRNAs with a key role in the macrophage polarization is, therefore, suggested as a promising therapeutic strategy for this debilitating disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amit Kishore
- Department of Pathological Physiology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacky University, Olomouc, Czechia.,Accuscript Consultancy, Ludhiana, India
| | - Martin Petrek
- Department of Pathological Physiology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacky University, Olomouc, Czechia.,Institute of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacky University, Olomouc, Czechia.,Departments of Experimental Medicine, and Immunology, University Hospital Olomouc, Olomouc, Czechia
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37
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Kronstadt SM, Pottash AE, Levy D, Wang S, Chao W, Jay SM. Therapeutic Potential of Extracellular Vesicles for Sepsis Treatment. ADVANCED THERAPEUTICS 2021; 4:2000259. [PMID: 34423113 PMCID: PMC8378673 DOI: 10.1002/adtp.202000259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Sepsis is a deadly condition lacking a specific treatment despite decades of research. This has prompted the exploration of new approaches, with extracellular vesicles (EVs) emerging as a focal area. EVs are nanosized, cell-derived particles that transport bioactive components (i.e., proteins, DNA, and RNA) between cells, enabling both normal physiological functions and disease progression depending on context. In particular, EVs have been identified as critical mediators of sepsis pathophysiology. However, EVs are also thought to constitute the biologically active component of cell-based therapies and have demonstrated anti-inflammatory, anti-apoptotic, and immunomodulatory effects in sepsis models. The dual nature of EVs in sepsis is explored here, discussing their endogenous roles and highlighting their therapeutic properties and potential. Related to the latter component, prior studies involving EVs from mesenchymal stem/stromal cells (MSCs) and other sources are discussed and emerging producer cells that could play important roles in future EV-based sepsis therapies are identified. Further, how methodologies could impact therapeutic development toward sepsis treatment to enhance and control EV potency is described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie M Kronstadt
- Fischell Department of Bioengineering, University of Maryland, 3102 A. James Clark Hall, College Park, MD 20742, USA
| | - Alex E Pottash
- Fischell Department of Bioengineering, University of Maryland, 3102 A. James Clark Hall, College Park, MD 20742, USA
| | - Daniel Levy
- Fischell Department of Bioengineering, University of Maryland, 3102 A. James Clark Hall, College Park, MD 20742, USA
| | - Sheng Wang
- Translational Research Program, Department of Anesthesiology and Center for Shock Trauma and Anesthesiology Research, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
| | - Wei Chao
- Translational Research Program, Department of Anesthesiology and Center for Shock Trauma and Anesthesiology Research, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
| | - Steven M Jay
- Fischell Department of Bioengineering and Program in Molecular and, Cell Biology, University of Maryland, 3102 A. James Clark Hall, College Park, MD 20742, USA
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38
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Tao L, Pang Y, Wang A, Li L, Shen Y, Xu X, Li J. Functional miR-142a-3p Induces Apoptosis and Macrophage Polarization by Targeting tnfaip2 and glut3 in Grass Carp ( Ctenopharyngodon idella). Front Immunol 2021; 12:633324. [PMID: 34262558 PMCID: PMC8273434 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.633324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2020] [Accepted: 06/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
In the process of microbial invasion, the inflammation reaction is induced to eliminate the pathogen. However, un-controlled or un-resolved inflammation can lead to tissue damage and death of the host. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are the signaling regulators that prevent the uncontrolled progress of an inflammatory response. Our previous work strongly indicated that miR-142a-3p is related to the immune regulation in grass carp. In the present study, we found that the expression of miR-142a-3p was down-regulated after infection by Aeromonas hydrophila. tnfaip2 and glut3 were confirmed as be the target genes of miR-142a-3p, which were confirmed by expression correlation analysis, gene overexpression, and dual luciferase reporter assay. The miR-142a-3p can reduce cell viability and stimulate cell apoptosis by targeting tnfaip2 and glut3. In addition, miR-142a-3p also regulates macrophage polarization induced by A. hydrophila. Our results suggest that miR-142a-3p has multiple functions in host antibacterial immune response. Our research provides further understanding of the molecular mechanisms between miRNAs and their target genes, and provides a new insights for the development of pro-resolution strategies for the treatment of complex inflammatory diseases in fish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lizhu Tao
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Aquatic Genetic Resources Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China.,Institute of Fisheries of Chengdu Agriculture and Forestry Academy, Chengdu, China
| | - Yifan Pang
- National Demonstration Center for Experimental Fisheries Science Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China
| | - Anqi Wang
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Aquaculture, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China
| | - Lisen Li
- Comparative Endocrinology and Integrative Biology, Centre of Marine Sciences, Universidade Do Algarve, Faro, Portugal
| | - Yubang Shen
- National Demonstration Center for Experimental Fisheries Science Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaoyan Xu
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Aquatic Genetic Resources Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Aquaculture, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jiale Li
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Aquatic Genetic Resources Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China.,National Demonstration Center for Experimental Fisheries Science Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Aquaculture, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China
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39
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Fu M, Zhang K. MAPK interacting serine/threonine kinase 1 ( MKNK1), one target gene of miR-223-3p, correlates with neutrophils in sepsis based on bioinformatic analysis. Bioengineered 2021; 12:2550-2562. [PMID: 34115574 PMCID: PMC8806917 DOI: 10.1080/21655979.2021.1935405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Sepsis, resulting from a harmful or damaging response to infection, is a complex and severe disease that causes high mortality. Three independent expression profiles of miRNA – GSE94717, GSE149764, and GSE101639 – were collected and integrated to analyze miRNAs associated with sepsis. One miRNA, miR-223-3p, was detected significantly downregulated in patients with sepsis. The upregulated miR-223-3p target genes in patients with sepsis were enriched in central carbon metabolism associated with HIF-1 signaling and galactose metabolism. Specially, three HIF-1 signaling genes – hypoxia-inducible factor 1-alpha (HIF1A), hexokinase 2 (HK2), and MAP kinase-interacting serine/threonine-protein kinase 1 (MKNK1) – were found significantly upregulated in patients with sepsis. Additionally, MKNK1 expression was downregulated in septic responders to early therapeutic treatments. Neutrophils were significantly accumulated in patients with sepsis and decreased in responders after therapy; MKNK1 was significantly positively correlated with neutrophils. Our findings indicate MKNK1, one targets of miR-223-3p, might be involved in sepsis via regulating the neutrophils abundance by mediating the expression inflammation factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingmin Fu
- Department of Intensive Care Unit, Huzhou Cent Hosp, Affiliated Cent Hosp HuZhou University, Huzhou, Zhejiang, Peoples R China
| | - Kai Zhang
- Department of Emergency, Huzhou Cent Hosp, Affiliated Cent Hosp HuZhou University, Huzhou, Zhejiang, Peoples R China
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40
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Bhatt HK, Song D, Musgrave G, Rao PSS. Cannabinoid-induced changes in the immune system: The role of microRNAs. Int Immunopharmacol 2021; 98:107832. [PMID: 34107381 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2021.107832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2021] [Revised: 05/14/2021] [Accepted: 05/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Naturally occurring cannabinoids have been used by humans for their medicinal benefits for over several millennia. While the use of cannabinoids has been strictly regulated in the past century, easing of state regulations has been associated with an increase in use of cannabinoids in the United States. The potential therapeutic applications of cannabinoids have been explored and the anti-inflammatory effect of cannabis-derived cannabinoids has been well-documented. The pharmacological effects of cannabinoids are governed by the modulation of cannabinoid receptors, CB1 and CB2, expressed in the central and peripheral tissues. Moreover, growing scientific evidence suggests that the cannabinoid-mediated changes in the immune system involves change in expression of microRNAs (miRNAs). MiRNAs are short non-coding, single-stranded RNA which have the ability to affect post-translational regulation of gene expression. Studies over the past decade have investigated the changes in expression of miRNAs following treatment of various components of the immune system with different chemical modulators of the cannabinoid receptors. Such studies have highlighted the key role played by various miRNAs in driving the observed immunomodulatory effects of cannabinoids. The aim of this review article, therefore, is to summarize the role of miRNAs behind the observed effects of cannabinoids on the overall immune system, rather than focusing on a single disease state.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hirva K Bhatt
- College of Pharmacy, The University of Findlay, Findlay, OH 45840, United States
| | - Dana Song
- College of Pharmacy, The University of Findlay, Findlay, OH 45840, United States
| | - Gyen Musgrave
- Greenleaf Apothecaries, LLC, 15335 Madison Road, Middlefield, OH 44062, United States
| | - P S S Rao
- College of Pharmacy, The University of Findlay, Findlay, OH 45840, United States.
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41
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Jiao P, Wang XP, Luoreng ZM, Yang J, Jia L, Ma Y, Wei DW. miR-223: An Effective Regulator of Immune Cell Differentiation and Inflammation. Int J Biol Sci 2021; 17:2308-2322. [PMID: 34239357 PMCID: PMC8241730 DOI: 10.7150/ijbs.59876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2021] [Accepted: 05/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) play a critical role in regulating various biological processes, such as cell differentiation and immune modulation by binding to their target genes. miR-223 is a miRNA with important functions and has been widely investigated in recent years. Under certain physiological conditions, miR-223 is regulated by different transcription factors, including sirtuin1 (Sirt1), PU.1 and Mef2c, and its biological functions are mediated through changes in its cellular or tissue expression. This review paper summarizes miR-223 biosynthesis and its regulatory role in the differentiation of granulocytes, dendritic cells (DCs) and lymphocytes, macrophage polarization, and endothelial and epithelial inflammation. In addition, it describes the molecular mechanisms of miR-223 in regulating lung inflammation, rheumatoid arthritis, enteritis, neuroinflammation and mastitis to provide insights into the existing molecular regulatory networks and therapies for inflammatory diseases in humans and animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Jiao
- School of Agriculture, Ningxia University, Yinchuan 750021, China
- Key Laboratory of Ruminant Molecular Cell Breeding, Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, Yinchuan 750021, China
| | - Xing-Ping Wang
- School of Agriculture, Ningxia University, Yinchuan 750021, China
- Key Laboratory of Ruminant Molecular Cell Breeding, Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, Yinchuan 750021, China
| | - Zhuo-Ma Luoreng
- School of Agriculture, Ningxia University, Yinchuan 750021, China
- Key Laboratory of Ruminant Molecular Cell Breeding, Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, Yinchuan 750021, China
| | - Jian Yang
- School of Agriculture, Ningxia University, Yinchuan 750021, China
- Key Laboratory of Ruminant Molecular Cell Breeding, Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, Yinchuan 750021, China
| | - Li Jia
- School of Agriculture, Ningxia University, Yinchuan 750021, China
- Key Laboratory of Ruminant Molecular Cell Breeding, Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, Yinchuan 750021, China
| | - Yun Ma
- School of Agriculture, Ningxia University, Yinchuan 750021, China
- Key Laboratory of Ruminant Molecular Cell Breeding, Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, Yinchuan 750021, China
| | - Da-Wei Wei
- School of Agriculture, Ningxia University, Yinchuan 750021, China
- Key Laboratory of Ruminant Molecular Cell Breeding, Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, Yinchuan 750021, China
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42
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The Long Non-coding RNA NEAT1/miR-224-5p/IL-33 Axis Modulates Macrophage M2a Polarization and A1 Astrocyte Activation. Mol Neurobiol 2021; 58:4506-4519. [PMID: 34076838 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-021-02405-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2020] [Accepted: 04/26/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
To identify potential regulators and investigate the molecular mechanism of macrophage polarization affecting astrocyte activation from the perspective of non-coding RNA regulation, we isolated mouse bone marrow mononuclear cells (BMMNCs)-induced macrophages toward M1 or M2a polarization. Long non-coding RNA NEAT1 and IL-33 expression levels were significantly upregulated in M2a macrophages; NEAT1 knockdown in M2a macrophages markedly reduced the protein levels of IL-33 and M2a markers, IL-4 and IL-13 concentrations, and the bacterial killing capacity of M2a macrophages. NEAT1 acted as a competing endogenous RNA (ceRNA) to regulate IL-33 expression by sponging miR-224-5p in M2a macrophages; NEAT1 knockdown upregulated miR-224-5p expression, while miR-224-5p inhibition increased the protein content and concentration of IL-33. miR-224-5p inhibition exerted the opposite effects on the protein levels of IL-33 and M2a markers, IL-4 and IL-13 concentrations, and the bacterial killing capacity of M2a macrophages compared to NEAT1 knockdown; the effects of NEAT1 knockdown were significantly reversed by miR-224-5p inhibition. M2a macrophage conditioned medium (CM) significantly suppressed the activation of A1 astrocytes. NEAT1 knockdown M2a macrophage CM led to enhanced A1 astrocyte activation while miR-224-5p-silenced M2a macrophage CM led to a blockade of A1 astrocyte activation; the effects of NEAT1 knockdown M2a macrophage CM on A1 astrocyte activation were significantly reversed by miR-224-5p inhibition in M2a macrophages. The NEAT1/miR-224-5p/IL-33 axis modulates macrophage M2a polarization, therefore affecting A1 astrocyte activation.
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43
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Ding L, Tian W, Zhang H, Li W, Ji C, Wang Y, Li Y. MicroRNA-486-5p Suppresses Lung Cancer via Downregulating mTOR Signaling In Vitro and In Vivo. Front Oncol 2021; 11:655236. [PMID: 34094949 PMCID: PMC8172781 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.655236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2021] [Accepted: 04/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Lung cancer is one of the central causes of tumor-related deaths globally, of which non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) takes up about 85%. As key regulators of various biological processes, microRNAs (miRNAs) have been verified as crucial factors in NSCLC. To elucidate the role of miR-486-5p in the mTOR pathway, we investigated its role in NSCLC and related signaling. Our results confirmed that miR-486-5p was downregulated in most of human NSCLC tissue samples and cell lines. Further study confirmed that it inhibited NSCLC through repression of the mTOR pathway via targeting both ribosomal proteins S6 kinase A1 (RPS6KA1, RSK) and ribosomal proteins S6 kinase B1 (RPS6KB1, p70S6K), which are critical components of the mTOR signaling. Additionally, miR-486-5p impeded tumor growth in vivo and inhibited tumor metastasis through repression of the epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT). Taken together, our study verified the role that miR-486-5p exerts in NSCLC, and its expression pattern in the different stages and morphologies of NSCLC makes it a promising biomarker in the early diagnosis of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Ding
- Lab for Noncoding RNA & Cancer, School of Life Sciences, Shanghai University, Shanghai, China.,Department of Pancreatic Surgery, Shanghai Cancer Centre, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Wu Tian
- Department of General Surgery, Orthopedics Hospital of Guizhou Province, Guiyang, China
| | - Hui Zhang
- Lab for Noncoding RNA & Cancer, School of Life Sciences, Shanghai University, Shanghai, China
| | - Wanqiu Li
- Lab for Noncoding RNA & Cancer, School of Life Sciences, Shanghai University, Shanghai, China
| | - Chunyu Ji
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Jiaotong University Medical School, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuanyuan Wang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yanli Li
- Lab for Noncoding RNA & Cancer, School of Life Sciences, Shanghai University, Shanghai, China
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44
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Aleš Rigler A, Večerić-Haler Ž, Arnol M, Perše M, Boštjančič E, Pleško J, Simčič S, Kojc N. Exploring the role of the complement system, endothelial injury, and microRNAs in thrombotic microangiopathy after kidney transplantation. J Int Med Res 2021; 48:300060520980530. [PMID: 33372813 PMCID: PMC7783899 DOI: 10.1177/0300060520980530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective We investigated whether the recipient’s complement system function, kidney
graft endothelial ultrastructural injury, and microRNA (miRNA) expression
before transplantation may be associated with the risk of posttransplant
de novo thrombotic microangiopathy (TMA). Methods Complement system function assessment, histological and ultrastructural
examination of preimplantation and kidney graft biopsies, and microRNA
assessment were performed on kidney transplant recipients (KTRs) with
de novo TMA. Results On the basis of the clinical course, histological findings, and miRNA
patterns, the following two de novo TMA phenotypes were
observed: a self-limiting disease that was localized to the kidney graft and
a systemic disease that progressed to graft failure without timely
treatment. Decreased alternative complement pathway activity and
ultrastructural endothelial injury before transplantation were confirmed in
all five KTRs and four of five KTRs, respectively, but they did not
correlate with de novo TMA severity. Conclusions Alternative complement pathway abnormalities in KTRs and endothelial
ultrastructural injury on preimplantation biopsy might be associated with
de novo posttransplant TMA, although they did not
predict posttransplant TMA severity (localized vs.
systemic). The specific miRNA expression patterns in preimplantation kidney
graft biopsies demonstrated a borderline statistically significant
difference and might provide more accurate information on posttransplant TMA
severity.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Željka Večerić-Haler
- Department of Nephrology, University Medical Centre Ljubljana, Slovenia.,Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Miha Arnol
- Department of Nephrology, University Medical Centre Ljubljana, Slovenia.,Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Martina Perše
- Medical Experimental Centre, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Emanuela Boštjančič
- Institute of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Jerica Pleško
- Institute of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Saša Simčič
- Institute of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Nika Kojc
- Institute of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Slovenia
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45
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Kempinska-Podhorodecka A, Adamowicz M, Ostrycharz E, Chmielarz M, Wójcicki M, Milkiewicz P, Milkiewicz M. Role of miR-506 in ulcerative colitis associated with primary sclerosing cholangitis. Sci Rep 2021; 11:10134. [PMID: 33980925 PMCID: PMC8114918 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-89631-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2021] [Accepted: 04/26/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC) is commonly accompanied by ulcerative colitis (UC). MicroRNA-506 modulates expression of genes which are essential for sphingosine-mediated signaling pathway and intestinal mucosa protection. We investigated whether miR-506 and its target genes are involved in phenotypic presentations of colonic inflammation and/or neoplasia. We analyzed serum and colon tissue samples collected from patients with PSC, PSC with concurrent UC (PSC + UC), UC alone, and healthy controls (n = 10 each). MiR-506 was substantially upregulated in ascending colons of PSC and PSC + UC patients, in contrast to sigmoid colons of PSC and UC patients. Upregulation of miR-506 was associated with inhibition of SPHK1, AE2, InsP3R3, and p53. Colonic suppression of miR-506 presented in UC was accompanied by substantially increased DNMT1, SPHK1, and S1P lyase expressions. A functional in vitro analysis in Caco-2 cells showed that the induction of miR-506 activity by miR-506 mimic or GDCDA bile acid suppressed, whereas inhibition of miR-506 by miR-506 inhibitor or lipopolysaccharide (LPS) upregulated the expression of the examined target genes. A different phenotypic presentation of colitis may be related to miR-506 expression. In ascending colons with PSC + UC, upregulation of miR-506 may result in failure of bicarbonate secretion and inhibition of p53, which predisposes to pro-tumorigenic transformation. In contrast, downregulation of miR-506 enhances S1P production, leading to pro-inflammatory signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Monika Adamowicz
- Department of Medical Biology, Pomeranian Medical University, 70-111, Szczecin, Poland
| | - Ewa Ostrycharz
- Department of Medical Biology, Pomeranian Medical University, 70-111, Szczecin, Poland
| | - Mateusz Chmielarz
- Department of Medical Biology, Pomeranian Medical University, 70-111, Szczecin, Poland
| | - Maciej Wójcicki
- Liver and Internal Medicine Unit, Medical University of Warsaw, 02-097, Warsaw, Poland
- European Reference Network (ERN) Rare-Liver, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Piotr Milkiewicz
- Liver and Internal Medicine Unit, Medical University of Warsaw, 02-097, Warsaw, Poland
- European Reference Network (ERN) Rare-Liver, Warsaw, Poland
- Translational Medicine Group, Pomeranian Medical University, 70-111, Szczecin, Poland
| | - Malgorzata Milkiewicz
- Department of Medical Biology, Pomeranian Medical University, 70-111, Szczecin, Poland
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46
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Xun J, Du L, Gao R, Shen L, Wang D, Kang L, Chen C, Zhang Z, Zhang Y, Yue S, Feng S, Xiang R, Mi X, Tan X. Cancer-derived exosomal miR-138-5p modulates polarization of tumor-associated macrophages through inhibition of KDM6B. Theranostics 2021; 11:6847-6859. [PMID: 34093857 PMCID: PMC8171095 DOI: 10.7150/thno.51864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2020] [Accepted: 04/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Rationale: Differential activation of macrophages correlates closely with tumor progression, and the epigenetic factor lysine demethylase 6B (KDM6B, previously named JMJD3) mediates the regulation of macrophage polarization through an unknown mechanism. Methods: We developed a suspension coculture system comprising breast cancer cells and macrophages and used RT-qPCR and western blotting to measure KDM6B expression. Bioinformatics and luciferase reporter assays were used to identify candidate microRNAs of cancer cells responsible for the downregulation of KDM6B. To determine if exosomes mediated the transfer of miR-138-5p between cancer cells to macrophages, we treated macrophages with exosomes collected from the conditioned medium of cancer cells. The effects of exosomal miR-138-5p on macrophage polarization were measured using RT-qPCR, flow cytometry, and chromatin immunoprecipitation assays. We employed a mouse model of breast cancer, metastatic to the lung, to evaluate the effects on tumor metastasis of macrophages treated with miR-138-5p-enriched exosomes. To develop a diagnostic evaluation index, the levels of exosomal miR-138-5p in samples from patients with breast cancer were compared to those of controls. Results: Coculture of breast cancer cells led to downregulation of KDM6B expression in macrophages. Cancer cell-derived exosomal miR-138-5p inhibited M1 polarization and promoted M2 polarization through inhibition of KDM6B expression in macrophages. Macrophages treated with exosomal miR-138-5p promoted lung metastasis, and the level of circulating exosomal miR-138-5p positively correlated with the progression of breast cancer. Conclusion: Our data suggest that miR-138-5p was delivered from breast cancer cells to tumor-associated macrophages via exosomes to downregulate KDM6B expression, inhibit M1 polarization, and stimulate M2 polarization. Therefore, exosomal miR-138-5p represents a promising prognostic marker and target for the treatment of breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Xun
- School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
- Tianjin Nankai Hospital, Tianjin, 300100, China
| | - Lingfang Du
- School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Ruifang Gao
- School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Long Shen
- School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Dekun Wang
- School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Lichun Kang
- School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Chuan'ai Chen
- School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Zhujun Zhang
- School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Yuying Zhang
- School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Shijing Yue
- School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Shuxin Feng
- Department of Orthopedics, Tianjin First Central Hospital, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Rong Xiang
- School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Xue Mi
- School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Xiaoyue Tan
- School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
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Reale M, Costantini E. Cholinergic Modulation of the Immune System in Neuroinflammatory Diseases. Diseases 2021; 9:diseases9020029. [PMID: 33921376 PMCID: PMC8167596 DOI: 10.3390/diseases9020029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2021] [Revised: 04/08/2021] [Accepted: 04/09/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Frequent diseases of the CNS, such as Alzheimer’s disease, Parkinson’s disease, multiple sclerosis, and psychiatric disorders (e.g., schizophrenia), elicit a neuroinflammatory response that contributes to the neurodegenerative disease process itself. The immune and nervous systems use the same mediators, receptors, and cells to regulate the immune and nervous systems as well as neuro-immune interactions. In various neurodegenerative diseases, peripheral inflammatory mediators and infiltrating immune cells from the periphery cause exacerbation to current injury in the brain. Acetylcholine (ACh) plays a crucial role in the peripheral and central nervous systems, in fact, other than cells of the CNS, the peripheral immune cells also possess a cholinergic system. The findings on peripheral cholinergic signaling, and the activation of the “cholinergic anti-inflammatory pathway” mediated by ACh binding to α7 nAChR as one of the possible mechanisms for controlling inflammation, have restarted interest in cholinergic-mediated pathological processes and in the new potential therapeutic target for neuro-inflammatory-degenerative diseases. Herein, we focus on recent progress in the modulatory mechanisms of the cholinergic anti-inflammatory pathway in neuroinflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcella Reale
- Department of Innovative Technologies in Medicine and Dentistry, University “G.d’Annunzio”, 65122 Chieti-Pescara, Italy
- Correspondence:
| | - Erica Costantini
- Department of Medical, Oral and Biotechnological Science, University “G.d’Annunzio”, 65122 Chieti-Pescara, Italy;
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Kimm MA, Klenk C, Alunni-Fabbroni M, Kästle S, Stechele M, Ricke J, Eisenblätter M, Wildgruber M. Tumor-Associated Macrophages-Implications for Molecular Oncology and Imaging. Biomedicines 2021; 9:biomedicines9040374. [PMID: 33918295 PMCID: PMC8066018 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines9040374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2021] [Revised: 03/29/2021] [Accepted: 03/31/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) represent the largest group of leukocytes within the tumor microenvironment (TME) of solid tumors and orchestrate the composition of anti- as well as pro-tumorigenic factors. This makes TAMs an excellent target for novel cancer therapies. The plasticity of TAMs resulting in varying membrane receptors and expression of intracellular proteins allow the specific characterization of different subsets of TAMs. Those markers similarly allow tracking of TAMs by different means of molecular imaging. This review aims to provides an overview of the origin of tumor-associated macrophages, their polarization in different subtypes, and how characteristic markers of the subtypes can be used as targets for molecular imaging and theranostic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melanie A. Kimm
- Department of Radiology, University Hospital, LMU Munich, 81377 Munich, Germany; (M.A.K.); (C.K.); (M.A.-F.); (S.K.); (M.S.); (J.R.)
| | - Christopher Klenk
- Department of Radiology, University Hospital, LMU Munich, 81377 Munich, Germany; (M.A.K.); (C.K.); (M.A.-F.); (S.K.); (M.S.); (J.R.)
| | - Marianna Alunni-Fabbroni
- Department of Radiology, University Hospital, LMU Munich, 81377 Munich, Germany; (M.A.K.); (C.K.); (M.A.-F.); (S.K.); (M.S.); (J.R.)
| | - Sophia Kästle
- Department of Radiology, University Hospital, LMU Munich, 81377 Munich, Germany; (M.A.K.); (C.K.); (M.A.-F.); (S.K.); (M.S.); (J.R.)
| | - Matthias Stechele
- Department of Radiology, University Hospital, LMU Munich, 81377 Munich, Germany; (M.A.K.); (C.K.); (M.A.-F.); (S.K.); (M.S.); (J.R.)
| | - Jens Ricke
- Department of Radiology, University Hospital, LMU Munich, 81377 Munich, Germany; (M.A.K.); (C.K.); (M.A.-F.); (S.K.); (M.S.); (J.R.)
| | - Michel Eisenblätter
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Freiburg University Hospital, 79106 Freiburg, Germany;
| | - Moritz Wildgruber
- Department of Radiology, University Hospital, LMU Munich, 81377 Munich, Germany; (M.A.K.); (C.K.); (M.A.-F.); (S.K.); (M.S.); (J.R.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +49-0-89-4400-76640
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Sadowska JM, Ginebra MP. Inflammation and biomaterials: role of the immune response in bone regeneration by inorganic scaffolds. J Mater Chem B 2021; 8:9404-9427. [PMID: 32970087 DOI: 10.1039/d0tb01379j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The regulatory role of the immune system in maintaining bone homeostasis and restoring its functionality, when disturbed due to trauma or injury, has become evident in recent years. The polarization of macrophages, one of the main constituents of the immune system, into the pro-inflammatory or anti-inflammatory phenotype has great repercussions for cellular crosstalk and the subsequent processes needed for proper bone regeneration such as angiogenesis and osteogenesis. In certain scenarios, the damaged osseous tissue requires the placement of synthetic bone grafts to facilitate the healing process. Inorganic biomaterials such as bioceramics or bioactive glasses are the most widely used due to their resemblance to the mineral phase of bone and superior osteogenic properties. The immune response of the host to the inorganic biomaterial, which is of an exogenous nature, might determine its fate, leading either to active bone regeneration or its failure. Therefore, various strategies have been employed, like the modification of structural/chemical features or the incorporation of bioactive molecules, to tune the interplay with the immune cells. Understanding how these particular modifications impact the polarization of macrophages and further osteogenic and osteoclastogenic events is of great interest in view of designing a new generation of osteoimmunomodulatory materials that support the regeneration of osseous tissue during all stages of bone healing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanna M Sadowska
- Tissue Engineering Research Group, Department of Anatomy & Regenerative Medicine, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland (RCSI), Ireland
| | - Maria-Pau Ginebra
- Biomaterials, Biomechanics and Tissue Engineering Group, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, Av. Eduard Maristany 16, 08019 Barcelona, Spain. and Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia (IBEC), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Baldiri Reixac 10-12, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
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50
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Nurrahmah QI, Madhyastha R, Madhyastha H, Purbasari B, Maruyama M, Nakajima Y. Retinoic acid abrogates LPS-induced inflammatory response via negative regulation of NF-kappa B/miR-21 signaling. Immunopharmacol Immunotoxicol 2021; 43:299-308. [PMID: 33757404 DOI: 10.1080/08923973.2021.1902348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT Macrophages are essential components of the immune system, with significant roles in inflammation modulation. They can be activated into pro-inflammatory M1 or anti-inflammatory M2 phenotypes, depending on their micro-environment. Molecular factors that modulate macrophage polarization are hot targets for therapeutic strategies to counter chronic inflammatory pathological conditions. OBJECTIVE The current study aimed to elucidate the molecular mechanisms by which Retinoic acid (RA), a potent immunomodulator, suppresses LPS-induced inflammatory response in macrophages. MATERIALS AND METHODS RAW 264.7 macrophages were treated with RA and/or LPS, and analyzed for inflammatory genes and miR-21 by PCR. The roles of miR-21 and NF-ĸB signaling pathway were also assessed by knock-down experiments, immunofluorescence, and ChIP assays. RESULTS Pretreatment with RA quenched the LPS-induced inflammatory responses, including phagocytosis, ROS generation, and NO production. RA shifted the polarization away from the M1 state by negative regulation of IKKα/β, p65, and miR-21. RA hindered the phosphorylation of IKKα/β, translocation of p65 into the nucleus, and the subsequent upregulation of miR-21. Knock-in and knock-down experiments showed that miR-21 is central for the polarization shift toward the pro-inflammatory M1 state. CONCLUSION miR-21 is involved in the LPS-induced pro-inflammatory profile of macrophages and that RA negatively regulates the inflammatory response by targeting NF-ĸB/miR-21 signaling. Our data exposes RA's potential as a pharmacological agent to manipulate miR-21 and counteract hyper-inflammatory response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Queen Intan Nurrahmah
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Applied Physiology, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki, Japan
| | - Radha Madhyastha
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Applied Physiology, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki, Japan
| | - Harishkumar Madhyastha
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Applied Physiology, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki, Japan
| | - Bethasiwi Purbasari
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Applied Physiology, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki, Japan
| | - Masugi Maruyama
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Applied Physiology, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki, Japan
| | - Yuichi Nakajima
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Applied Physiology, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki, Japan
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