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Solà C, Viñals C, Serés-Noriega T, Perea V, Esmatjes E, Boswell L, Pané A, Blanco-Carrasco AJ, Vinagre I, Mesa A, Claro M, Ayala D, Milad C, Conget I, Giménez M, Amor AJ. Dose-Dependent association of cumulative tobacco consumption with the presence of carotid atherosclerosis in individuals with type 1 diabetes. Diabetes Res Clin Pract 2024; 214:111771. [PMID: 38971374 DOI: 10.1016/j.diabres.2024.111771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2024] [Revised: 06/29/2024] [Accepted: 07/03/2024] [Indexed: 07/08/2024]
Abstract
AIMS Evaluate the association between cumulative tobacco consumption (CTC; packs-year) and atherosclerosis in type 1 diabetes (T1D), and study whether the inclusion of CTC in the Steno T1 Risk Engine (ST1RE) equation improves the identification of plaques. METHODS Cross-sectional study in T1D patients without cardiovascular disease (CVD), with ≥ 1 of the following: ≥40 years-old, diabetic kidney disease, and/or T1D duration ≥ 10 years + cardiovascular risk factors.Preclinical atherosclerosis was evaluated by carotid ultrasonography. RESULTS N = 584 patients were included (46.1 % women, age 48.7 ± 10.5 years, T1D duration 27.3 ± 10.8 years, 26.2 % active smokers). The overall plaque prevalence was 40.9 %. In models adjusted for age, sex, lipids, blood pressure, kidney function, statin use, microvascular complications and HbA1c, CTC was dose-dependently associated with the number of plaques (none, 1-2, ≥3) overall and in both active and former smokers (p < 0.001). This association remained after adjusting for ST1RE (OR 1.11 [1.02-1.19]). Although the inclusion of CTC in the ST1RE did not improve plaque identification overall (p = 0.180), it did so when analyzing active smokers separately (AUC 0.738 vs. 0.768; p < 0.01). CONCLUSIONS In T1D patients, CTC is dose-dependently associated with atherosclerosis. Further prospective studies are needed to determine if CTC could identify T1D individuals more prone to accelerated atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clara Solà
- Diabetes Unit, Endocrinology and Nutrition Department, Hospital Clínic, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Clara Viñals
- Diabetes Unit, Endocrinology and Nutrition Department, Hospital Clínic, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Tonet Serés-Noriega
- Diabetes Unit, Endocrinology and Nutrition Department, Hospital Clínic, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Verónica Perea
- Endocrinology and Nutrition Department, Hospital Universitari Mútua de Terrassa, Terrassa, Spain
| | - Enric Esmatjes
- Diabetes Unit, Endocrinology and Nutrition Department, Hospital Clínic, Barcelona, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain; Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Hospital Clínic, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Laura Boswell
- Diabetes Unit, Endocrinology and Nutrition Department, Hospital Clínic, Barcelona, Spain; Endocrinology and Nutrition Department, Althaia University Health Network, Manresa, Spain
| | - Adriana Pané
- Diabetes Unit, Endocrinology and Nutrition Department, Hospital Clínic, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Antonio-Jesús Blanco-Carrasco
- Diabetes Unit, Endocrinology and Nutrition Department, Hospital Clínic, Barcelona, Spain; Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Hospital Clínic, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Irene Vinagre
- Diabetes Unit, Endocrinology and Nutrition Department, Hospital Clínic, Barcelona, Spain; Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Hospital Clínic, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Alex Mesa
- Diabetes Unit, Endocrinology and Nutrition Department, Hospital Clínic, Barcelona, Spain; Endocrinology and Nutrition Department, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Maria Claro
- Diabetes Unit, Endocrinology and Nutrition Department, Hospital Clínic, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Denisse Ayala
- Diabetes Unit, Endocrinology and Nutrition Department, Hospital Clínic, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Camila Milad
- Diabetes Unit, Endocrinology and Nutrition Department, Hospital Clínic, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ignacio Conget
- Diabetes Unit, Endocrinology and Nutrition Department, Hospital Clínic, Barcelona, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain; Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Hospital Clínic, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Marga Giménez
- Diabetes Unit, Endocrinology and Nutrition Department, Hospital Clínic, Barcelona, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain; Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Hospital Clínic, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Antonio J Amor
- Diabetes Unit, Endocrinology and Nutrition Department, Hospital Clínic, Barcelona, Spain.
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2
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Chandy M, Nishiga M, Wei TT, Hamburg NM, Nadeau K, Wu JC. Adverse Impact of Cannabis on Human Health. Annu Rev Med 2024; 75:353-367. [PMID: 37582489 PMCID: PMC10947506 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-med-052422-020627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/17/2023]
Abstract
Cannabis, the most commonly used recreational drug, is illicit in many areas of the world. With increasing decriminalization and legalization, cannabis use is increasing in the United States and other countries. The adverse effects of cannabis are unclear because its status as a Schedule 1 drug in the United States restricts research. Despite a paucity of data, cannabis is commonly perceived as a benign or even beneficial drug. However, recent studies show that cannabis has adverse cardiovascular and pulmonary effects and is linked with malignancy. Moreover, case reports have shown an association between cannabis use and neuropsychiatric disorders. With growing availability, cannabis misuse by minors has led to increasing incidences of overdose and toxicity. Though difficult to detect, cannabis intoxication may be linked to impaired driving and motor vehicle accidents. Overall, cannabis use is on the rise, and adverse effects are becoming apparent in clinical data sets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark Chandy
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA;
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA
- Institute of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA
- Department of Medicine, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada;
| | - Masataka Nishiga
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA;
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA
- Institute of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Tzu-Tang Wei
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA;
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA
- Institute of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA
- Department and Graduate Institute of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Naomi M Hamburg
- Boston Medical Center, Boston University Chobanian & Avedisian School of Medicine and Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Kari Nadeau
- Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Joseph C Wu
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA;
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA
- Institute of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA
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3
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Lee PN, Coombs KJ, Hamling JS. Evidence relating cigarettes, cigars and pipes to cardiovascular disease and stroke: Meta-analysis of recent data from three regions. World J Meta-Anal 2023; 11:290-312. [DOI: 10.13105/wjma.v11.i6.290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2023] [Revised: 08/14/2023] [Accepted: 08/21/2023] [Indexed: 09/13/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND More recent data are required relating to disease risk for use of various smoked products and of other products containing nicotine. Earlier we published meta-analyses of recent results for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and lung cancer on the relative risk (RR) of current compared to never product use for cigarettes, cigars and pipes based on evidence from North America, Europe and Japan. We now report corresponding up-to-date evidence for acute myocardial infarction (AMI), ischaemic heart disease (IHD) and stroke.
AIM To estimate, using recent data, AMI, IHD and stroke RRs by region for current smoking of cigarettes, cigars and pipes.
METHODS Publications in English from 2015 to 2020 were considered that, based on epidemiological studies in the three regions, estimated the current smoking RR of AMI, IHD or stroke for one or more of the three products. The studies should involve at least 100 cases of stroke or cardiovascular disease (CVD), not be restricted to populations with specific medical conditions, and should be of cohort or nested case-control study design or randomized controlled trials. A literature search was conducted on MEDLINE, examining titles and abstracts initially, and then full texts. Additional papers were sought from reference lists of selected papers, reviews and meta-analyses. For each study identified, we entered the most recent available data on current smoking of each product, as well as the characteristics of the study and the RR estimates. Combined RR estimates were derived using random-effects meta-analysis for stroke and, in the case of CVD, separately for IHD and AMI. For cigarette smoking, where far more data were available, heterogeneity was studied by a wide range of factors. For cigar and pipe smoking, a more limited heterogeneity analysis was carried out. A more limited assessment of variation in risk by daily number of cigarettes smoked was also conducted. Results were compared with those from previous meta-analyses published since 2000.
RESULTS Current cigarette smoking: Ten studies gave a random-effects RR for AMI of 2.72 [95% confidence interval (CI): 2.40-3.08], derived from 13 estimates between 1.47 and 4.72. Twenty-three studies gave an IHD RR of 2.01 (95%CI: 1.84-2.21), using 28 estimates between 0.81 and 4.30. Thirty-one studies gave a stroke RR of 1.62 (95%CI: 1.48-1.77), using 37 estimates from 0.66 to 2.91. Though heterogeneous, only two of the overall 78 RRs were below 1.0, 71 significantly (P < 0.05) exceeding 1.0. The heterogeneity was only partly explicable by the factors studied. Estimates were generally higher for females and for later-starting studies. They were significantly higher for North America than Europe for AMI, but not the other diseases. For stroke, the only endpoint with multiple Japanese studies, RRs were lower there than for Western studies. Adjustment for multiple factors tended to increase RRs. Our RR estimates and the variations by sex and region are consistent with earlier meta-analyses. RRs generally increased with amount smoked. Current cigar and pipe smoking: No AMI data were available. One North American study reported reduced IHD risk for non-exclusive cigar or pipe smoking, but considered few cases. Two North American studies found no increased stroke risk with exclusive cigar smoking, one reporting reduced risk for exclusive pipe smoking (RR 0.24, 95%CI: 0.06-0.91). The cigar results agree with an earlier review showing no clear risk increase for IHD or stroke.
CONCLUSION Current cigarette smoking increases risk of AMI, IHD and stroke, RRs being 2.72, 2.01 and 1.62. The stroke risk is lower in Japan, no increase was seen for cigars/pipes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Nicholas Lee
- Medical Statistics and Epidemiology, P.N.Lee Statistics and Computing Ltd., Sutton SM2 5DA, Surrey, United Kingdom
| | - Katharine J Coombs
- Medical Statistics and Epidemiology, P.N.Lee Statistics and Computing Ltd., Sutton SM2 5DA, Surrey, United Kingdom
| | - Jan S Hamling
- Medical Statistics and Epidemiology, P.N.Lee Statistics and Computing Ltd., Sutton SM2 5DA, Surrey, United Kingdom
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Merzah M, Póliska S, Balogh L, Sándor J, Szász I, Natae S, Fiatal S. A Transcriptomic Analysis of Smoking-Induced Gene Expression Alterations in Coronary Artery Disease Patients. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:13920. [PMID: 37762221 PMCID: PMC10530857 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241813920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2023] [Revised: 08/21/2023] [Accepted: 09/08/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Smoking is a well established risk factor for coronary artery disease (CAD). Despite this, there have been no previous studies investigating the effects of smoking on blood gene expression in CAD patients. This single-centre cross-sectional study was designed with clearly defined inclusion criteria to address this gap. We conducted a high-throughput approach using next generation sequencing analysis with a single-end sequencing protocol and a read length of 75-cycles. Sixty-one patients with a median age of 67 years (range: 28-88 years) were recruited, and only 44 subjects were included for further analyses. Our investigation revealed 120 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between smokers and nonsmokers, with a fold change (FC) of ≥1.5 and a p-value < 0.05. Among these DEGs, 15 were upregulated and 105 were downregulated. Notably, when applying a more stringent adjusted FC ≥ 2.0, 31 DEGs (5 upregulated, annotated to immune response pathways, and 26 downregulated, involving oxygen and haem binding or activity, with FDR ≤ 0.03) remained statistically significant at an alpha level of <0.05. Our results illuminate the molecular mechanisms underlying CAD, fortifying existing epidemiological evidence. Of particular interest is the unexplored overexpression of RCAN3, TRAV4, and JCHAIN genes, which may hold promising implications for the involvement of these genes in CAD among smokers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed Merzah
- Department of Public Health and Epidemiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary; (M.M.); (J.S.); (S.N.)
| | - Szilárd Póliska
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary
| | - László Balogh
- Cardiology and Cardiac Surgery Clinic, University of Debrecen, H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary
| | - János Sándor
- Department of Public Health and Epidemiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary; (M.M.); (J.S.); (S.N.)
- ELKH-DE Public Health Research Group, Department of Public Health and Epidemiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary
| | - István Szász
- Department of Public Health and Epidemiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary; (M.M.); (J.S.); (S.N.)
- ELKH-DE Public Health Research Group, Department of Public Health and Epidemiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Shewaye Natae
- Department of Public Health and Epidemiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary; (M.M.); (J.S.); (S.N.)
| | - Szilvia Fiatal
- Department of Public Health and Epidemiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary; (M.M.); (J.S.); (S.N.)
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Nemmar A, Beegam S, Zaaba NE, Elzaki O, Pathan A, Ali BH. Waterpipe smoke inhalation induces lung injury and aortic endothelial dysfunction in mice. Physiol Res 2023; 72:337-347. [PMID: 37449747 PMCID: PMC10669000 DOI: 10.33549/physiolres.935042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2022] [Accepted: 02/28/2023] [Indexed: 08/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Waterpipe tobacco smoking (WPS) inhalation has been shown to trigger endothelial dysfunction and atherosclerosis. However, the mechanisms underlying these effects are still unknown. Here, we assessed the impact and underlying mechanism of WPS exposure for one month on endothelial dysfunction using aortic tissue of mice. The duration of the session was 30 min/day and 5 days/week. Control mice were exposed to air. Inhalation of WPS induced an increase in the number of macrophages and neutrophils and the concentrations of protein, tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF alpha), interleukin (IL)-1beta, and glutathione in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid. Moreover, the concentrations of proinflammatory cytokines (TNF alpha, IL-6 and IL-1beta), adhesion molecules (intercellular adhesion molecule-1, vascular cell adhesion molecule-1, E-selectin and P-selectin) and markers of oxidative stress (lipid peroxidation, glutathione, superoxide dismutase and nitric oxide) in aortic homogenates of mice exposed to WPS were significantly augmented compared with air exposed mice. Likewise, the concentration of galectin-3 was significantly increased in the aortic homogenates of mice exposed to WPS compared with control group. WPS inhalation induced vascular DNA damage assessed by comet assay and apoptosis characterized by a significant increase in cleaved caspase-3. While the aortic expression of phosphorylated nuclear factor kappaB (NF-kappaB) was significantly increased following WPS inhalation, the concentration of sirtuin 1 (SIRT1) was significantly decreased in WPS group compared with air-exposed group. In conclusion, our study provided evidence that WPS inhalation triggers lung injury and endothelial inflammation, oxidative stress and apoptosis which were associated with nuclear factor-kappaB activation and SIRT1 down-regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Nemmar
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates. and
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Wen N, Li J, Zhang W, Li P, Yin X, Zhang W, Wang H, Tang B. Monitoring the Progression of Early Atherosclerosis Using a Fluorescence Nanoprobe for the Detection and Imaging of Phosphorylation and Glucose Levels. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202302161. [PMID: 37072376 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202302161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2023] [Revised: 04/14/2023] [Accepted: 04/18/2023] [Indexed: 04/20/2023]
Abstract
Monitoring the early stage of atherosclerosis (AS) without plaque formation is of great significance. Herein, we developed a metal organic framework (MOF)-based fluorescence nanoprobe to analyze the progression of AS by assessing the levels of protein phosphorylation and glucose in blood and tissue. The probe was prepared by post-modification of the MOF with iodine (I3 - )-rhodamine B (RhB) associate, which realizes the specific recognition of target object through the metal joint ZrIV and I3 - -RhB, respectively. We investigated different stages of target object changes in the early non-plaque stage of AS in blood. It was found that the levels of phosphate and glucose in the blood were higher than those of the normal mice. The results of two-photon images showed that early AS mice had higher levels of protein phosphorylation and glucose than that of the normal mice. The present study provides a suitable fluorescence tool for further revealing the pathogenesis and progression of AS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ning Wen
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Collaborative Innovation Center of Functionalized Probes for Chemical Imaging in Universities of Shandong, Key Laboratory of Molecular and Nano Probes, Ministry of Education, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, 250014, P. R. China
| | - Jin Li
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Collaborative Innovation Center of Functionalized Probes for Chemical Imaging in Universities of Shandong, Key Laboratory of Molecular and Nano Probes, Ministry of Education, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, 250014, P. R. China
| | - Wei Zhang
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Collaborative Innovation Center of Functionalized Probes for Chemical Imaging in Universities of Shandong, Key Laboratory of Molecular and Nano Probes, Ministry of Education, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, 250014, P. R. China
| | - Ping Li
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Collaborative Innovation Center of Functionalized Probes for Chemical Imaging in Universities of Shandong, Key Laboratory of Molecular and Nano Probes, Ministry of Education, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, 250014, P. R. China
| | - Xia Yin
- Molecular Science and Biomedicine Laboratory (MBL), State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, P. R. China
| | - Wen Zhang
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Collaborative Innovation Center of Functionalized Probes for Chemical Imaging in Universities of Shandong, Key Laboratory of Molecular and Nano Probes, Ministry of Education, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, 250014, P. R. China
| | - Hui Wang
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Collaborative Innovation Center of Functionalized Probes for Chemical Imaging in Universities of Shandong, Key Laboratory of Molecular and Nano Probes, Ministry of Education, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, 250014, P. R. China
| | - Bo Tang
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Collaborative Innovation Center of Functionalized Probes for Chemical Imaging in Universities of Shandong, Key Laboratory of Molecular and Nano Probes, Ministry of Education, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, 250014, P. R. China
- Laoshan Laboratory, Qingdao, 266237, P. R. China
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Lipidomic Analysis of Hand Skin Surface Lipids Reveals Smoking-Related Skin Changes. Metabolites 2023; 13:metabo13020254. [PMID: 36837873 PMCID: PMC9963340 DOI: 10.3390/metabo13020254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2023] [Revised: 02/04/2023] [Accepted: 02/06/2023] [Indexed: 02/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Smoking contributes to the formation of skin wrinkles and reduces skin function, but the mechanism is not yet fully proven. This study aims to compare and analyze the effects of smoking on skin lipids and to further investigate the harmful effects of smoking on the skin. A total of 40 subjects (20 male smokers and 20 healthy control males) were recruited for this study. Measurement of hand skin-surface lipids (SSLs) in smoking and healthy control groups was undertaken using ultra-performance liquid chromatography quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (UPLC-Q-TOF-MS). Multivariate data analysis was used to investigate the differences in SSLs between the two groups. There were 1230 lipids detected in the two groups and significant differences in SSLs' composition were observed between them. Under selected conditions, 26 types of lipid with significant differences were observed between the two groups (p < 0.05). Sphingolipids (SP) and glycerolipids (GL) were significantly increased, and sterol lipids (ST) were significantly reduced. Smoking causes changes in skin lipids that disrupt skin homeostasis, making the skin more fragile and more susceptible to skin aging and diseases.
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Pandria N, Athanasiou A, Styliadis C, Terzopoulos N, Mitsopoulos K, Paraskevopoulos E, Karagianni M, Pataka A, Kourtidou-Papadeli C, Makedou K, Iliadis S, Lymperaki E, Nimatoudis I, Argyropoulou-Pataka P, Bamidis PD. Does combined training of biofeedback and neurofeedback affect smoking status, behavior, and longitudinal brain plasticity? Front Behav Neurosci 2023; 17:1096122. [PMID: 36778131 PMCID: PMC9911884 DOI: 10.3389/fnbeh.2023.1096122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2022] [Accepted: 01/02/2023] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Investigations of biofeedback (BF) and neurofeedback (NF) training for nicotine addiction have been long documented to lead to positive gains in smoking status, behavior and to changes in brain activity. We aimed to: (a) evaluate a multi-visit combined BF/NF intervention as an alternative smoking cessation approach, (b) validate training-induced feedback learning, and (c) document effects on resting-state functional connectivity networks (rsFCN); considering gender and degree of nicotine dependence in a longitudinal design. Methods: We analyzed clinical, behavioral, and electrophysiological data from 17 smokers who completed five BF and 20 NF sessions and three evaluation stages. Possible neuroplastic effects were explored comparing whole-brain rsFCN by phase-lag index (PLI) for different brain rhythms. PLI connections with significant change across time were investigated according to different resting-state networks (RSNs). Results: Improvements in smoking status were observed as exhaled carbon monoxide levels, Total Oxidative Stress, and Fageström scores decreased while Vitamin E levels increased across time. BF/NF promoted gains in anxiety, self-esteem, and several aspects of cognitive performance. BF learning in temperature enhancement was observed within sessions. NF learning in theta/alpha ratio increase was achieved across baselines and within sessions. PLI network connections significantly changed across time mainly between or within visual, default mode and frontoparietal networks in theta and alpha rhythms, while beta band RSNs mostly changed significantly after BF sessions. Discussion: Combined BF/NF training positively affects the clinical and behavioral status of smokers, displays benefit in smoking harm reduction, plays a neuroprotective role, leads to learning effects and to positive reorganization of RSNs across time. Clinical Trial Registration: https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT02991781.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niki Pandria
- Laboratory of Medical Physics and Digital Innovation, School of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki (AUTH), Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Alkinoos Athanasiou
- Laboratory of Medical Physics and Digital Innovation, School of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki (AUTH), Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Charis Styliadis
- Laboratory of Medical Physics and Digital Innovation, School of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki (AUTH), Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Nikos Terzopoulos
- Laboratory of Medical Physics and Digital Innovation, School of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki (AUTH), Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Konstantinos Mitsopoulos
- Laboratory of Medical Physics and Digital Innovation, School of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki (AUTH), Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Evangelos Paraskevopoulos
- Laboratory of Medical Physics and Digital Innovation, School of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki (AUTH), Thessaloniki, Greece,Department of Psychology, University of Cyprus, Nicosia, Cyprus
| | - Maria Karagianni
- Laboratory of Medical Physics and Digital Innovation, School of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki (AUTH), Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Athanasia Pataka
- Pulmonary Department-Oncology Unit, “G. Papanikolaou” General Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | | | - Kali Makedou
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Stavros Iliadis
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Evgenia Lymperaki
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, International Hellenic University, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Ioannis Nimatoudis
- Third Department of Psychiatry, AHEPA University General Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | | | - Panagiotis D. Bamidis
- Laboratory of Medical Physics and Digital Innovation, School of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki (AUTH), Thessaloniki, Greece,*Correspondence: Panagiotis D. Bamidis
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Cho SMJ, Koyama S, Ruan Y, Lannery K, Wong M, Ajufo E, Lee H, Khera AV, Honigberg MC, Natarajan P. Measured Blood Pressure, Genetically Predicted Blood Pressure, and Cardiovascular Disease Risk in the UK Biobank. JAMA Cardiol 2022; 7:1129-1137. [PMID: 36169945 PMCID: PMC9520434 DOI: 10.1001/jamacardio.2022.3191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2022] [Accepted: 08/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Importance Hypertension remains the major cardiovascular disease risk factor globally, but variability in measured blood pressure may result in suboptimal management. Whether genetic contributors to elevated blood pressure may complementarily inform cardiovascular disease risk assessment is unknown. Objective To examine incident cardiovascular disease by blood pressure polygenic risk score independent of measured blood pressures and antihypertensive medication prescriptions. Design, Setting, and Participants The cohort study (UK Biobank) recruited UK residents aged 40 to 69 years between March 2006 and August 2010. Participants without a prior physician diagnosis of cardiovascular disease, including myocardial infarction, stroke, or heart failure, were included. Excluded were individuals with mismatch between self-reported and genotypically inferred sex, sex aneuploidy, missing genotype rates of 1% or greater, and excess genotypic heterozygosity. Data analyses were performed from September 25, 2021, to July 21, 2022. Exposures Measured blood pressure and externally derived blood pressure polygenic risk score stratified by hypertension diagnosis and management, which included normal blood pressure (<130/80 mm Hg without antihypertensives), untreated hypertension (systolic blood pressure ≥130 mm Hg or diastolic blood pressure ≥80 mm Hg without antihypertensives), and treated hypertension (current antihypertensives prescriptions). Main Outcomes and Measures Composite of first incident myocardial infarction, stroke, heart failure, or cardiovascular-related death. Results Of the 331 078 study participants included (mean [SD] age at enrollment, 56.9 [8.1] years; 178 824 female [54.0%]), 83 094 (25.1%) had normal blood pressure, 197 597 (59.7%) had untreated hypertension, and 50 387 (15.2%) had treated hypertension. Over a median (IQR) follow-up of 11.1 (10.4-11.8) years, the primary outcome occurred in 15 293 participants. Among those with normal blood pressure, untreated hypertension, and treated hypertension, each SD increase in measured systolic blood pressure was associated with hazard ratios of 1.08 (95% CI, 0.93-1.25), 1.20 (95% CI, 1.16-1.23), and 1.16 (95% CI, 1.11-1.20), respectively, for the primary outcome. Among these same categories, each SD increase in genetically predicted systolic blood pressure was associated with increased hazard ratios of 1.13 (95% CI, 1.05-1.20), 1.04 (95% CI, 1.01-1.07), and 1.06 (95% CI, 1.02-1.10), respectively, for the primary outcome independent of measured blood pressures and other covariates. Findings were similar for measured and genetically predicted diastolic blood pressure. Conclusions and Relevance Blood pressure polygenic risk score may augment identification of individuals at heightened cardiovascular risk, including those with both normal blood pressure and hypertension. Whether it may also guide antihypertensive initiation or intensification requires further study.
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Affiliation(s)
- So Mi Jemma Cho
- Program in Medical and Population Genetics and the Cardiovascular Disease Initiative, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
- Integrative Research Center for Cerebrovascular and Cardiovascular Diseases, Seoul, Korea
| | - Satoshi Koyama
- Program in Medical and Population Genetics and the Cardiovascular Disease Initiative, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston
| | - Yunfeng Ruan
- Program in Medical and Population Genetics and the Cardiovascular Disease Initiative, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston
| | - Kim Lannery
- Program in Medical and Population Genetics and the Cardiovascular Disease Initiative, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston
| | - Megan Wong
- Program in Medical and Population Genetics and the Cardiovascular Disease Initiative, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston
| | - Ezimamaka Ajufo
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
- Cardiovascular Division, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Hokyou Lee
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Amit V. Khera
- Program in Medical and Population Genetics and the Cardiovascular Disease Initiative, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
- Cardiology Division, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston
- Verve Therapeutics, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Michael C. Honigberg
- Program in Medical and Population Genetics and the Cardiovascular Disease Initiative, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
- Cardiology Division, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston
| | - Pradeep Natarajan
- Program in Medical and Population Genetics and the Cardiovascular Disease Initiative, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
- Cardiology Division, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston
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10
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Kumar PR, Saad M, Hellmich C, Mistry JJ, Moore JA, Conway S, Morris CJ, Bowles KM, Moncrieff MD, Rushworth SA. PGC-1α induced mitochondrial biogenesis in stromal cells underpins mitochondrial transfer to melanoma. Br J Cancer 2022; 127:69-78. [PMID: 35347324 PMCID: PMC9276678 DOI: 10.1038/s41416-022-01783-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2021] [Revised: 02/21/2022] [Accepted: 03/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Progress in the knowledge of metabolic interactions between cancer and its microenvironment is ongoing and may lead to novel therapeutic approaches. Until recently, melanoma was considered a glycolytic tumour due to mutations in mitochondrial-DNA, however, these malignant cells can regain OXPHOS capacity via the transfer of mitochondrial-DNA, a process that supports their proliferation in-vitro and in-vivo. Here we study how melanoma cells acquire mitochondria and how this process is facilitated from the tumour microenvironment. METHODS Primary melanoma cells, and MSCs derived from patients were obtained. Genes' expression and DNA quantification was analysed using Real-time PCR. MSC migration, melanoma proliferation and tumour volume, in a xenograft subcutaneous mouse model, were monitored through bioluminescent live animal imaging. RESULTS Human melanoma cells attract bone marrow-derived stromal cells (MSCs) to the primary tumour site where they stimulate mitochondrial biogenesis in the MSCs through upregulation of PGC1a. Mitochondria are transferred to the melanoma cells via direct contact with the MSCs. Moreover, inhibition of MSC-derived PGC1a was able to prevent mitochondrial transfer and improve NSG melanoma mouse tumour burden. CONCLUSION MSC mitochondrial biogenesis stimulated by melanoma cells is prerequisite for mitochondrial transfer and subsequent tumour growth, where targeting this pathway may provide an effective novel therapeutic approach in melanoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prakrit R Kumar
- Norwich Medical School, University of East Anglia, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, NR4 7UQ, UK
| | - Mona Saad
- Norwich Medical School, University of East Anglia, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, NR4 7UQ, UK
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Norfolk and Norwich University Hospitals NHS Trust, Colney Lane, Norwich, NR4 7UY, UK
| | - Charlotte Hellmich
- Norwich Medical School, University of East Anglia, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, NR4 7UQ, UK
- Department of Haematology, Norfolk and Norwich University Hospitals NHS Trust, Colney Lane, Norwich, NR4 7UY, UK
| | - Jayna J Mistry
- Norwich Medical School, University of East Anglia, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, NR4 7UQ, UK
- Earlham Institute, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, NR4 7UH, UK
| | - Jamie A Moore
- Norwich Medical School, University of East Anglia, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, NR4 7UQ, UK
| | - Shannon Conway
- School of Pharmacy, University of East Anglia, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, NR4 7TJ, UK
| | - Christopher J Morris
- School of Pharmacy, University of East Anglia, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, NR4 7TJ, UK
| | - Kristian M Bowles
- Norwich Medical School, University of East Anglia, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, NR4 7UQ, UK
- Department of Haematology, Norfolk and Norwich University Hospitals NHS Trust, Colney Lane, Norwich, NR4 7UY, UK
| | - Marc D Moncrieff
- Norwich Medical School, University of East Anglia, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, NR4 7UQ, UK.
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Norfolk and Norwich University Hospitals NHS Trust, Colney Lane, Norwich, NR4 7UY, UK.
| | - Stuart A Rushworth
- Norwich Medical School, University of East Anglia, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, NR4 7UQ, UK.
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11
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Paul S, Ruiz-Manriquez LM, Ambriz-Gonzalez H, Medina-Gomez D, Valenzuela-Coronado E, Moreno-Gomez P, Pathak S, Chakraborty S, Srivastava A. Impact of smoking-induced dysregulated human miRNAs in chronic disease development and their potential use in prognostic and therapeutic purposes. J Biochem Mol Toxicol 2022; 36:e23134. [PMID: 35695328 DOI: 10.1002/jbt.23134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2021] [Revised: 04/20/2022] [Accepted: 05/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are evolutionary conserved small noncoding RNA molecules with a significant ability to regulate gene expression at the posttranscriptional level either through translation repression or messenger RNA degradation. miRNAs are differentially expressed in various pathophysiological conditions, affecting the course of the disease by modulating several critical target genes. As the persistence of irreversible molecular changes caused by cigarette smoking is central to the pathogenesis of various chronic diseases, several studies have shown its direct correlation with the dysregulation of different miRNAs, affecting numerous essential biological processes. This review provides an insight into the current status of smoking-induced miRNAs dysregulation in chronic diseases such as COPD, atherosclerosis, pulmonary hypertension, and different cancers and explores the diagnostic/prognostic potential of miRNA-based biomarkers and their efficacy as therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sujay Paul
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, School of Engineering and Sciences, Campus Queretaro, Av. Epigmenio Gonzalez, San Pablo, Queretaro, Mexico
| | - Luis M Ruiz-Manriquez
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, School of Engineering and Sciences, Campus Queretaro, Av. Epigmenio Gonzalez, San Pablo, Queretaro, Mexico
| | - Hector Ambriz-Gonzalez
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, School of Engineering and Sciences, Campus Queretaro, Av. Epigmenio Gonzalez, San Pablo, Queretaro, Mexico
| | - Daniel Medina-Gomez
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, School of Engineering and Sciences, Campus Queretaro, Av. Epigmenio Gonzalez, San Pablo, Queretaro, Mexico
| | - Estefania Valenzuela-Coronado
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, School of Engineering and Sciences, Campus Queretaro, Av. Epigmenio Gonzalez, San Pablo, Queretaro, Mexico
| | - Paloma Moreno-Gomez
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, School of Engineering and Sciences, Campus Queretaro, Av. Epigmenio Gonzalez, San Pablo, Queretaro, Mexico
| | - Surajit Pathak
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Chettinad Hospital and Research Institute (CHRI), Chettinad Academy of Research and Education (CARE), Kelambakkam, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Samik Chakraborty
- Division of Nephrology, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Aashish Srivastava
- Section of Bioinformatics, Clinical Laboratory, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway.,Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
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12
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Li C, Yao N, Miller SL, Macpherson C, Hassinger T, Love K, Malin SK. Exercise and Reduced Nicotine Content Cigarettes in Adult Female Smokers: A Pilot Trial. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph19116647. [PMID: 35682232 PMCID: PMC9180864 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19116647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2022] [Revised: 05/24/2022] [Accepted: 05/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Background: Although Reduced Nicotine Cigarettes (RNC) are suggested to improve smoking cessation and cardiometabolic health in relation to cancer risk, the effectiveness of exercise training with RNC on smoking cessation and cardiometabolic health is unknown. Methods: Female smokers (N = 27) were randomized to: (1) usual nicotine cigarettes (i.e., control), (2) RNC or (3) RNC plus exercise treatment for 12 weeks. Smoking withdrawal symptoms (e.g., Wisconsin Smoking Withdrawal Scale) and cardiometabolic health (e.g., weight, VO2max, resting respiratory exchange ratio (RER), glucose, HOMA-IR) were examined before and after treatment. Results: Treatments had no differential effect on weight (p = 0.80; partial η2 = 0.29), VO2max (p = 0.20, partial η2 = 0.18), or total cholesterol/HDL ratios (p = 0.59, partial η2 = 0.06). However, RNC + Exercise tended to maintain RER (i.e., fat oxidation; p = 0.10, partial η2 = 0.10) as well as insulin resistance (p = 0.13, partial η2 = 0.25) and cortisol compared (p = 0.06, partial η2 = 0.30) with control and RNC. Increased VO2max was also associated with lower nicotine dependence scores (r = −0.50, p < 0.05). Conclusion: In this pilot study, improved fitness was associated with lower nicotine dependence. Additional work is warranted to examine the effects of exercise in smokers as a tool to improving smoking cessation and lower disease risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chaofan Li
- Centre for Health Management and Policy Research, School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, China; (C.L.); (N.Y.)
- NHC Key Lab of Health Economics and Policy Research, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, China
| | - Nengliang Yao
- Centre for Health Management and Policy Research, School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, China; (C.L.); (N.Y.)
- NHC Key Lab of Health Economics and Policy Research, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, China
- Division of General Medicine, Geriatrics & Palliative Care, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22904, USA
| | - Stephanie L. Miller
- Department of Kinesiology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22904, USA; (S.L.M.); (C.M.)
| | - Christopher Macpherson
- Department of Kinesiology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22904, USA; (S.L.M.); (C.M.)
| | - Taryn Hassinger
- Department of Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22904, USA;
| | - Kaitlin Love
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22904, USA;
| | - Steven K. Malin
- Department of Kinesiology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22904, USA; (S.L.M.); (C.M.)
- Department of Kinesiology & Health, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, USA
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism & Nutrition, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, USA
- New Jersey Institute for Food, Nutrition and Health, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, USA
- Institute of Translational Medicine and Science, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, USA
- Correspondence:
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13
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Xu C, Cunqing Y, Chun G, Min W, Jun L, Xueyun H, Jiaxin F, Li S, Cheng A, Guijian L, Fengxiang S, Bo P. The relationship between serum vitamin K concentration and coronary artery calcification in middle-aged and elderly people. Clin Chim Acta 2022; 531:325-330. [PMID: 35504322 DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2022.04.1001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2022] [Revised: 03/14/2022] [Accepted: 04/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Vitamin K is involved in the formation of coronary artery calcification which is an independent predictor of coronary heart disease. This study aims to explore the association between coronary artery calcification score and serum concentrations of vitamin K1, menaquinone-4 (MK-4) and menaquinone-7 (MK-7) in middle-aged and elderly Chinese population. METHODS A total of 116 patients who underwent CT coronary angiography were consecutively enrolled. Serum concentrations of vitamin K1, MK-4 and MK-7 were determined by high performance liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry. The relationships between coronary artery calcification score and serum vitamin K concentrations were analyzed. RESULTS Significantly lower serum vitamin K1 concentration was found in the patients with CACS > 400, comparing with the other CACS categories, respectively. Log (CACS + 1) was significantly higher in MK-4 < 0.05 ng/ml group compared with MK-4 ≥ 0.05 ng/ml group [2.03(0.21, 2.58) vs 1.31(0.00, 2.19), P < 0.05]. In subjects with established coronary calcification (defined as CACS > 10), vitamin K1 was found to be an independent factor contributing to higher CACS (r = -0.288, P = 0.013). CONCLUSIONS In this retrospective analysis, serum vitamin K1 and MK-4 concentrations were significantly lower in middle-aged and elderly cohorts with increasing calcification scores. The significant effect of vitamin K1 on CACS was only found in individuals who already had calcification. Whether the detection of circulating vitamin K in patients with preexisting coronary calcification could guide vitamin K supplementation needs further exploration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng Xu
- Clinical Laboratory, Guang' anmen Hospital, China academy of Chinese medical sciences, China
| | - Yang Cunqing
- Clinical Laboratory, Guang' anmen Hospital, China academy of Chinese medical sciences, China
| | - Gu Chun
- Clinical Laboratory, Guang' anmen Hospital, China academy of Chinese medical sciences, China
| | - Wu Min
- General Internal Department, Guang' anmen Hospital, China academy of Chinese medical sciences, China
| | - Li Jun
- Department of Cardiology, Guang' anmen Hospital, China academy of Chinese medical sciences, China
| | - Hou Xueyun
- Clinical Laboratory, Guang' anmen Hospital, China academy of Chinese medical sciences, China
| | - Fei Jiaxin
- Clinical Laboratory, Guang' anmen Hospital, China academy of Chinese medical sciences, China
| | - Sun Li
- Department of Radiology, Guang' anmen Hospital, China academy of Chinese medical sciences, China
| | - An Cheng
- Clinical Laboratory, Guang' anmen Hospital, China academy of Chinese medical sciences, China
| | - Liu Guijian
- Clinical Laboratory, Guang' anmen Hospital, China academy of Chinese medical sciences, China
| | - Shi Fengxiang
- Department of Radiology, Guang' anmen Hospital, China academy of Chinese medical sciences, China.
| | - Pang Bo
- Clinical Laboratory, Guang' anmen Hospital, China academy of Chinese medical sciences, China.
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14
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He A, Ding X, Huang J, Luo X, Meng J, Cao Y, Gao F, Zou M. [Clinical characteristics and risk factors of lower extremity arterial disease in patients with diabetic foot ulcer]. NAN FANG YI KE DA XUE XUE BAO = JOURNAL OF SOUTHERN MEDICAL UNIVERSITY 2022; 42:604-609. [PMID: 35527498 DOI: 10.12122/j.issn.1673-4254.2022.04.18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the clinical characteristics of lower extremity arterial disease (LEAD) and its risk factors in patients with diabetic foot ulcer (DFU). METHODS We retrospectively collected the clinical and follow-up data of 650 patients with DFU treated in the Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism of Nanfang Hospital between January, 2017 and December, 2019. We compared the data between patients who had LEAD and those without LEAD and used a multivariate logistic regression model to analyze the risk factors of LEAD in DFU patients. RESULTS Among the 650 DFU patients, 470 (72.4%) had LEAD. The patients were followed up for a mean of 3.5 months, and the mean healing time of DFU was 2.55 months; healing of DFU occurred in 453 patients and 183 patients received amputation. The patients with LEAD and those without LEAD differed significantly in age, hospitalization costs, diastolic blood pressure (DBP), glycated hemoglobin, blood lipid levels, disease course, ankle brachial index, healing time, smoking history, clinical outcomes, Wagner grade and imaging results (P < 0.05). Multivariate logistic regression analysis identified age (OR=1.070, 95% CI: 1.049-1.091), smoking history (OR= 2.013, 95% CI: 1.268-3.195), and a decreased DBP (OR=0.980, 95% CI: 0.963-0.997) as independent risk factors for LEAD in DFU patients. A prolonged healing time was a prominent clinical feature of DFU complicated by LEAD. CONCLUSION DFU patients have a high incidence of LEAD, which leads to high rates of disability and mortality and is associated with an advanced age, high smoking rate and longer healing time. A decreased DBP is also a risk factor for LEAD in DFU patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- A He
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - X Ding
- Department of Occupational Health and Medicine, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - J Huang
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - X Luo
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - J Meng
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Y Cao
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - F Gao
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - M Zou
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
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Ljubičić Đ, Balta V, Dilber D, Vražić H, Đikić D, Odeh D, Habek JČ, Vukovac EL, Tudorić N. Association of chronic inflammation with cardiovascular risk in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease—A cross‐sectional study. Health Sci Rep 2022; 5:e586. [PMID: 35425866 PMCID: PMC8989273 DOI: 10.1002/hsr2.586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2021] [Revised: 03/03/2022] [Accepted: 03/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and Aims COPD is progressive lung disease with known higher cardiovascular (CV) risk, mainly attributed to smoking of cigarettes as the main etiological factor of disease. The aim of this study was to compare CV risk in patients with COPD to control groups of smokers and non‐COPD and to investigate the relation of lung function variables, COPD severity, and smoking with Systemic Coronary Risk Estimation (SCORE) risk calculation, arterial stiffness (AS) values, and biological systemic inflammatory markers. Methods A total of 208 subjects were included in this study: 61 subjects diagnosed with COPD, 83 smokers without COPD, and 64 nonsmokers without COPD. Medical history and clinical data were recorded, including assessment of pulmonary function and AS, calculation of ankle‐brachial index, blood analysis, and CV risk assessment by SCORE risk calculation. Results Subjects with COPD had significantly higher values of SCORE calculation of risk, central aortic pressure, AS, and markers of systemic inflammation compared to control groups of smokers and nonsmokers without COPD (p < 0.001). Furthermore, statistically significant increase in hs‐CRP concentration was found between the COPD group and the control group of non‐COPD smokers (p < 0.001), and a statistically significantly higher SCORE calculation was found in the COPD group compared to control groups of smokers and nonsmokers without COPD (p < 0.001). Conclusion The results of the research support further identification and research of biological markers and simple specific tests such as arteriography that will enable progress in personalized treatment of patients with COPD and better primary and secondary prevention of comorbidities with the aim of improved treatment outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Đivo Ljubičić
- Department of Pulmonology Dubrava University Hospital Zagreb Croatia
- Faculty of Medicine University of Zagreb Zagreb Croatia
| | - Vedran Balta
- Faculty of Science University of Zagreb Zagreb Croatia
| | - Dario Dilber
- Magdalena Clinic for Cardiovascular Diseases Krapinske Toplice Croatia
| | - Hrvoje Vražić
- University North, University Centre Varaždin Varaždin Croatia
| | - Domagoj Đikić
- Faculty of Science University of Zagreb Zagreb Croatia
| | - Dyana Odeh
- Faculty of Science University of Zagreb Zagreb Croatia
| | | | | | - Neven Tudorić
- Department of Pulmonology Dubrava University Hospital Zagreb Croatia
- Faculty of Medicine University of Zagreb Zagreb Croatia
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Gottdiener JS, Buzkova P, Kahn PA, DeFilippi C, Shah S, Barasch E, Kizer JR, Psaty B, Gardin JM. Relation of Cigarette Smoking and Heart Failure in Adults ≥65 Years of Age (From the Cardiovascular Health Study). Am J Cardiol 2022; 168:90-98. [PMID: 35045935 PMCID: PMC8930705 DOI: 10.1016/j.amjcard.2021.12.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2021] [Revised: 12/14/2021] [Accepted: 12/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Cigarette smoking is associated with adverse cardiac outcomes, including incident heart failure (HF). However, key components of potential pathways from smoking to HF have not been evaluated in older adults. In a community-based study, we studied cross-sectional associations of smoking with blood and imaging biomarkers reflecting mechanisms of cardiac disease. Serial nested, multivariable Cox models were used to determine associations of smoking with HF, and to assess the influence of biochemical and functional (cardiac strain) phenotypes on these associations. Compared with never smokers, smokers had higher levels of inflammation (C-reactive protein and interleukin-6), cardiomyocyte injury (cardiac troponin T [hscTnT]), myocardial "stress"/fibrosis (soluble suppression of tumorigenicity 2 [sST2], galectin 3), and worse left ventricle systolic and diastolic function. In models adjusting for age, gender, and race (DEMO) and for clinical factors potentially in the causal pathway (CLIN), smoking exposures were associated with C-reactive protein and interleukin-6, sST2, hscTnT, and with N-terminal pro-brain natriuretic protein (in Whites). In DEMO adjusted models, the cumulative burden of smoking was associated with worse left ventricle systolic strain. Current smoking and former smoking were associated with HF in DEMO models (hazard ratio 1.41, 95% confidence interval 1.22 to 1.64 and hazard ratio 1.14, 95% confidence interval 1.03 to 1.25, respectively), and with current smoking after CLIN adjustment. Adjustment for time-varying myocardial infarction, inflammation, cardiac strain, hscTnT, sST2, and galectin 3 did not materially alter the associations. Smoking was associated with HF with preserved and decreased ejection fraction. In conclusion, in older adults, smoking is associated with multiple blood and imaging biomarker measures of pathophysiology previously linked to HF, and to incident HF even after adjustment for clinical intermediates.
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Affiliation(s)
- John S Gottdiener
- Department of Medicine (Cardiology), University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland; Departments of.
| | | | - Peter A Kahn
- Section of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | | | - Sanjiv Shah
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Eddy Barasch
- Division of Cardiology, St. Francis Hospital, Roslyn, New York
| | - Jorge R Kizer
- Cardiology Section, San Francisco Veterans Affairs Health Care System, San Francisco, California; Departments of; Medicine and of; Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | - Bruce Psaty
- Medicine; Epidemiology, and; Health Services, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington; Kaiser Permanente Washington Health Research Institute, Seattle, Washington; and
| | - Julius M Gardin
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Newark, New Jersey
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17
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Agnello F, Capodanno D. Anti-inflammatory strategies for atherosclerotic artery disease. Expert Opin Drug Saf 2022; 21:661-672. [DOI: 10.1080/14740338.2022.2036717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Federica Agnello
- Division of Cardiology, A.O.U. Policlinico “G. Rodolico-San Marco”, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Davide Capodanno
- Division of Cardiology, A.O.U. Policlinico “G. Rodolico-San Marco”, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
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18
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Al Rifai M, Blaha MJ, Nambi V, Shea SJC, Michos ED, Blumenthal RS, Ballantyne CM, Szklo M, Greenland P, Miedema MD, Nasir K, Rotter JI, Guo X, Yao J, Post WS, Virani SS. Determinants of Incident Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Disease Events Among Those With Absent Coronary Artery Calcium: Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis. Circulation 2022; 145:259-267. [PMID: 34879218 PMCID: PMC8792296 DOI: 10.1161/circulationaha.121.056705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2021] [Accepted: 10/29/2021] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The 2018 American Heart Association/American College of Cardiology/Multisociety cholesterol guideline states that statin therapy may be withheld or delayed among intermediate-risk individuals in the absence of coronary artery calcium (CAC=0). We evaluated whether traditional cardiovascular risk factors are associated with incident atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) events among individuals with CAC=0 over long-term follow-up. METHODS We included participants with CAC=0 at baseline from the MESA (Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis), a prospective cohort study of individuals free of clinical ASCVD at baseline. We used multivariable-adjusted Cox proportional hazards models to study the association between cardiovascular risk factors (cigarette smoking, diabetes, hypertension, preventive medication use [aspirin and statin], family history of premature ASCVD, chronic kidney disease, waist circumference, lipid and inflammatory markers) and adjudicated incident ASCVD outcomes. RESULTS We studied 3416 individuals (mean [SD] age 58 [9] years; 63% were female, 33% White, 31% Black, 12% Chinese American, and 24% Hispanic). Over a median follow-up of 16 years, there were 189 ASCVD events (composite of coronary heart disease and stroke) of which 91 were coronary heart disease, 88 were stroke, and 10 were both coronary heart disease and stroke events. The unadjusted event rates of ASCVD were ≤5 per 1000 person-years among individuals with CAC=0 for most risk factors with the exception of current cigarette smoking (7.3), diabetes (8.9), hypertension (5.4), and chronic kidney disease (6.8). After multivariable adjustment, risk factors that were significantly associated with ASCVD included current cigarette smoking: hazard ratio, 2.12 (95% CI, 1.32-3.42); diabetes: hazard ratio, 1.68 (95% CI, 1.01-2.80); and hypertension: hazard ratio, 1.57 (95% CI, 1.06-2.33). CONCLUSIONS Current cigarette smoking, diabetes, and hypertension are independently associated with incident ASCVD over a 16-year follow-up among those with CAC=0.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Michael J. Blaha
- The Ciccarone Center for the Prevention of Cardiovascular Disease, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore MD
| | - Vijay Nambi
- Section of Cardiology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX
- Section of Cardiology, Michael E. DeBakey Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Houston, TX
| | - Steven J C. Shea
- Departments of Medicine and Epidemiology, Columbia University, New York, NY
| | - Erin D. Michos
- The Ciccarone Center for the Prevention of Cardiovascular Disease, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore MD
| | - Roger S. Blumenthal
- The Ciccarone Center for the Prevention of Cardiovascular Disease, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore MD
| | | | - Moyses Szklo
- Department of Epidemiology, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD
| | - Philip Greenland
- Departments of Preventive Medicine and Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago IL
| | - Michael D. Miedema
- Minneapolis Heart Institute and Minneapolis Heart Institute Foundation, Minneapolis, MN
| | - Khurram Nasir
- Division of Cardiovascular Prevention and Wellness, Houston Methodist DeBakey Heart and Vascular Center, Houston, TX
| | - Jerome I. Rotter
- The Institute for Translational Genomics and Population Sciences, Department of Pediatrics, The Lundquist Institute for Biomedical Innovation at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA
| | - Xiuqing Guo
- The Institute for Translational Genomics and Population Sciences, Department of Pediatrics, The Lundquist Institute for Biomedical Innovation at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA
| | - Jie Yao
- The Institute for Translational Genomics and Population Sciences, Department of Pediatrics, The Lundquist Institute for Biomedical Innovation at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA
| | - Wendy S. Post
- The Ciccarone Center for the Prevention of Cardiovascular Disease, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore MD
| | - Salim S. Virani
- Section of Cardiology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX
- Section of Cardiology, Michael E. DeBakey Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Houston, TX
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19
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Freedman AA, Papachristos AV, Smart BP, Keenan-Devlin LS, Khan SS, Borders A, Kershaw KN, Miller GE. Complaints about excessive use of police force in women's neighborhoods and subsequent perinatal and cardiovascular health. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2022; 8:eabl5417. [PMID: 35044830 PMCID: PMC8769548 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abl5417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2021] [Accepted: 11/19/2021] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
There are substantial, unexplained racial disparities in women’s health. Some of the most pronounced involve elevated rates of preterm delivery (PTD) and cardiovascular disease (CVD) among Black women. We hypothesized that stress associated with excessive use of force by police may contribute to these disparities. In two prospective cohorts derived from electronic health records (pregnancy cohort, N = 67,976; CVD cohort, N = 6773), we linked formal complaints of excessive police force in patients’ neighborhoods with health outcomes. Exposed Black women were 1.19 times as likely to experience PTD [95% confidence interval (CI): 1.04 to 1.35] and 1.42 times as likely to develop CVD (95% CI: 1.12 to 1.79), even after adjustment for neighborhood disadvantage and homicide. The excess risks of PTD were also observed in maternal fixed-effects analyses comparing births to the same woman. These findings suggest police violence may be an unrecognized contributor to health inequity for Black women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexa A. Freedman
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, NorthShore University HealthSystem, Evanston, IL, USA
- Institute for Policy Research, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA
| | - Andrew V. Papachristos
- Institute for Policy Research, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA
- Department of Sociology, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA
| | - Britney P. Smart
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, NorthShore University HealthSystem, Evanston, IL, USA
| | - Lauren S. Keenan-Devlin
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, NorthShore University HealthSystem, Evanston, IL, USA
- Pritzker School of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Sadiya S. Khan
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Ann Borders
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, NorthShore University HealthSystem, Evanston, IL, USA
- Pritzker School of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
- Department of Medical Social Sciences, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
- Division of Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Kiarri N. Kershaw
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Gregory E. Miller
- Institute for Policy Research, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA
- Department of Psychology, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA
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20
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Klein LW. Pathophysiologic Mechanisms of Tobacco Smoke Producing Atherosclerosis. Curr Cardiol Rev 2022; 18:e110422203389. [PMID: 35410615 PMCID: PMC9893148 DOI: 10.2174/1573403x18666220411113112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2022] [Revised: 02/11/2022] [Accepted: 02/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Despite the convincing epidemiologic association between smoking and vascular disease, the pathophysiologic mechanisms by which smoking initiates and contributes to the progression of atherosclerosis remain incompletely understood. A precise dose-dependent correlation has never been demonstrated, suggesting that the biological relationship is complex and influenced by individual genetic and possibly environmental factors. Although endothelial dysfunction and intimal damage appear to be central to atherogenesis, how tobacco products cause this effect has not been established. The purpose of this review is to describe the current state of knowledge of the main pathophysiologic pathways of how tobacco smoking abets atherosclerosis. Constituents of Tobacco Smoke: Tobacco combustion produces a mixture of organic substances. derived from burning organic materials. The predominant gaseous phase constituents include carbon monoxide, acetaldehyde, formaldehyde, acrolein, and other carbonyls, as well as nicotine and tobacco-specific nitrosamines. Potential Pathophysiologic Mechanisms: Smoking-induced changes in coronary vasomotor tone, platelet activation, and endothelial integrity are major components of both the development of atherosclerosis and its clinical presentation. Smoking may initiate and accelerate the progression of atherosclerosis by injuring the vascular intima. Other potential mechanisms include intimal damage and endothelial dysfunction, oxidative stress and injury, thrombosis, lipid abnormalities, and inflammation. CONCLUSION Smoking tobacco products contributes measurably to the incidence of acute vascular events and chronic disease. The causative compound, the exact mechanism of injury, and whether the atherogenic effect is modifiable are not known.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lloyd W. Klein
- Department of Medicine, Cardiology Division, University of California, San Francisco, CA
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21
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Yu X, Chen C, Guo Y, Tong Y, Zhao Y, Wu L, Sun X, Wu X, Song Z. High NAFLD fibrosis score in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease as a predictor of carotid plaque development: a retrospective cohort study based on regular health check-up data in China. Ann Med 2021; 53:1621-1631. [PMID: 34498502 PMCID: PMC8439219 DOI: 10.1080/07853890.2021.1974081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2021] [Accepted: 08/23/2021] [Indexed: 10/31/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSES There is increasing concern regarding cardiovascular risk in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) patients with liver fibrosis. This study aims: (1) to assess the association between NAFLD and liver fibrosis status and the development of carotid plaque (CP), and (2) to identify CP risk factors among general population with different baseline NAFLD and liver fibrosis status. METHODS This retrospective cohort study included 14,288 adult participants who went for regular health check-ups between 2014 and 2019, in one hospital in Zhejiang, China. NAFLD was diagnosed by abdominal ultrasound and the NAFLD fibrosis score (NFS) was calculated to reflect the extent of liver fibrosis. Cox proportional hazards analyses were applied to assess the risk of CP development across groups with different baseline NAFLD and NFS status. RESULTS NAFLD participants with high NFS had higher risk of CP compared to non-NAFLD participants (adjusted hazard ratio 1.68, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.43-1.96, p < .001). Progression from NAFLD free and NAFLD with low NFS to NAFLD with high NFS are associated with 1.56-fold (95% CI 1.21-2.01, p = .001) and 1.43-fold (95% CI 1.11-1.84, p = .006) increased risk of CP, respectively. Risk factors associated with CP vary based on baseline NAFLD and NFS status. Among NAFLD participants with high NFS, hypertension is the only significant risk factor after adjustment for other potential influencing factors. CONCLUSIONS NAFLD and liver fibrosis status can be an independent predictor for CP development regardless of metabolic abnormalities. Hypertension is a major risk factor for CP development among NAFLD patients with high NFS.KEY MESSAGESNon-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and liver fibrosis status can be an independent predictor for development of carotid plaque.Progression from NAFLD free and NAFLD with low NAFLD fibrosis score (NFS) to NAFLD with high NFS are associated with increased risk of carotid plaque.Risk factors associated with carotid plaque vary based on baseline NAFLD and NFS status, and hypertension plays the most important role among patients with NAFLD and high NFS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyan Yu
- Department of General Practice and Health Management Center, the Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Chen Chen
- Department of Big Data in Health Science, School of Public Health, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Center for Biostatistics, Bioinformatics, and Big Data, Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yi Guo
- Department of General Practice and Health Management Center, the Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yuling Tong
- Department of General Practice and Health Management Center, the Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yi Zhao
- Department of General Practice and Health Management Center, the Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Lingyan Wu
- Department of General Practice and Health Management Center, the Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xue Sun
- Department of General Practice and Health Management Center, the Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xifeng Wu
- Department of Big Data in Health Science, School of Public Health, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Center for Biostatistics, Bioinformatics, and Big Data, Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zhenya Song
- Department of General Practice and Health Management Center, the Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
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22
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Langdon RJ, Yousefi P, Relton CL, Suderman MJ. Epigenetic modelling of former, current and never smokers. Clin Epigenetics 2021; 13:206. [PMID: 34789321 PMCID: PMC8597260 DOI: 10.1186/s13148-021-01191-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2021] [Accepted: 10/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND DNA methylation (DNAm) performs excellently in the discrimination of current and former smokers from never smokers, where AUCs > 0.9 are regularly reported using a single CpG site (cg05575921; AHRR). However, there is a paucity of DNAm models which attempt to distinguish current, former and never smokers as individual classes. Derivation of a robust DNAm model that accurately distinguishes between current, former and never smokers would be particularly valuable to epidemiological research (as a more accurate smoking definition vs. self-report) and could potentially translate to clinical settings. Therefore, we appraise 4 DNAm models of ternary smoking status (that is, current, former and never smokers): methylation at cg05575921 (AHRR model), weighted scores from 13 CpGs created by Maas et al. (Maas model), weighted scores from a LASSO model of candidate smoking CpGs from the literature (candidate CpG LASSO model), and weighted scores from a LASSO model supplied with genome-wide 450K data (agnostic LASSO model). Discrimination is assessed by AUC, whilst classification accuracy is assessed by accuracy and kappa, derived from confusion matrices. RESULTS We find that DNAm can classify ternary smoking status with reasonable accuracy, including when applied to external data. Ternary classification using only DNAm far exceeds the classification accuracy of simply assigning all classes as the most prevalent class (63.7% vs. 36.4%). Further, we develop a DNAm classifier which performs well in discriminating current from former smokers (agnostic LASSO model AUC in external validation data: 0.744). Finally, across our DNAm models, we show evidence of enrichment for biological pathways and human phenotype ontologies relevant to smoking, such as haemostasis, molybdenum cofactor synthesis, body fatness and social behaviours, providing evidence of the generalisability of our classifiers. CONCLUSIONS Our findings suggest that DNAm can classify ternary smoking status with close to 65% accuracy. Both the ternary smoking status classifiers and current versus former smoking status classifiers address the present lack of former smoker classification in epigenetic literature; essential if DNAm classifiers are to adequately relate to real-world populations. To improve performance further, additional focus on improving discrimination of current from former smokers is necessary.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan J Langdon
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK.
- Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK.
| | - Paul Yousefi
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
- Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Caroline L Relton
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
- Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Matthew J Suderman
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
- Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
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23
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Tintut Y, Honda HM, Demer LL. Biomolecules Orchestrating Cardiovascular Calcification. Biomolecules 2021; 11:biom11101482. [PMID: 34680115 PMCID: PMC8533507 DOI: 10.3390/biom11101482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2021] [Revised: 09/28/2021] [Accepted: 10/03/2021] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Vascular calcification, once considered a degenerative, end-stage, and inevitable condition, is now recognized as a complex process regulated in a manner similar to skeletal bone at the molecular and cellular levels. Since the initial discovery of bone morphogenetic protein in calcified human atherosclerotic lesions, decades of research have now led to the recognition that the regulatory mechanisms and the biomolecules that control cardiovascular calcification overlap with those controlling skeletal mineralization. In this review, we focus on key biomolecules driving the ectopic calcification in the circulation and their regulation by metabolic, hormonal, and inflammatory stimuli. Although calcium deposits in the vessel wall introduce rupture stress at their edges facing applied tensile stress, they simultaneously reduce rupture stress at the orthogonal edges, leaving the net risk of plaque rupture and consequent cardiac events depending on local material strength. A clinically important consequence of the shared mechanisms between the vascular and bone tissues is that therapeutic agents designed to inhibit vascular calcification may adversely affect skeletal mineralization and vice versa. Thus, it is essential to consider both systems when developing therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yin Tintut
- Department of Medicine, University of California-Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; (Y.T.); (H.M.H.)
- Department of Physiology, University of California-Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of California-Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
- Veterans Affairs Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System, Los Angeles, CA 90073, USA
| | - Henry M. Honda
- Department of Medicine, University of California-Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; (Y.T.); (H.M.H.)
| | - Linda L. Demer
- Department of Medicine, University of California-Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; (Y.T.); (H.M.H.)
- Department of Physiology, University of California-Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
- Veterans Affairs Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System, Los Angeles, CA 90073, USA
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California-Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
- The David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California-Los Angeles, 10833 Le Conte Ave, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-(310)-206-2677
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24
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Christensen CH, Chang JT, Rostron BL, Hammad HT, van Bemmel DM, Del Valle-Pinero AY, Wang B, Mishina EV, Faulcon LM, DePina A, Brown-Baker L, Kimmel HL, Lambert E, Blount BC, Vesper HW, Wang L, Goniewicz ML, Hyland A, Travers MJ, Hatsukami DK, Niaura R, Cummings KM, Taylor KA, Edwards KC, Borek N, Ambrose BK, Chang CM. Biomarkers of Inflammation and Oxidative Stress among Adult Former Smoker, Current E-Cigarette Users-Results from Wave 1 PATH Study. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2021; 30:1947-1955. [PMID: 34289969 DOI: 10.1158/1055-9965.epi-21-0140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2021] [Revised: 04/26/2021] [Accepted: 07/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Former smokers who currently use e-cigarettes have lower concentrations of biomarkers of tobacco toxicant exposure than current smokers. It is unclear whether tobacco toxicant exposure reductions may lead to health risk reductions. METHODS We compared inflammatory biomarkers (high-sensitivity C-reactive protein, IL6, fibrinogen, soluble intercellular adhesion molecule-1) and an oxidative stress marker (F2-isoprostane) among 3,712 adult participants in Wave 1 (2013-2014) of the Population Assessment of Tobacco and Health Study by tobacco user groups: dual users of cigarettes and e-cigarettes; former smokers who currently use e-cigarettes-only; current cigarette-only smokers; former smokers who do not currently use any tobacco; and never tobacco users. We calculated geometric means (GM) and estimated adjusted GM ratios (GMR). RESULTS Dual users experienced greater concentration of F2-isoprostane than current cigarette-only smokers [GMR 1.09 (95% confidence interval, CI, 1.03-1.15)]. Biomarkers were similar between former smokers who currently use e-cigarettes and both former smokers who do not use any tobacco and never tobacco users, but among these groups most biomarkers were lower than those of current cigarette-only smokers. The concentration of F2-isoprostane decreased by time since smoking cessation among both exclusive e-cigarette users (P trend = 0.03) and former smokers who do not currently use any tobacco (P trend = 0.0001). CONCLUSIONS Dual users have greater concentration of F2-isoprostane than smokers. Exclusive e-cigarette users have biomarker concentrations that are similar to those of former smokers who do not currently use tobacco, and lower than those of exclusive cigarette smokers. IMPACT This study contributes to an understanding of the health effects of e-cigarettes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carol H Christensen
- Office of Science, Center for Tobacco Products, FDA, Silver Spring, Maryland.
| | - Joanne T Chang
- Office of Science, Center for Tobacco Products, FDA, Silver Spring, Maryland
| | - Brian L Rostron
- Office of Science, Center for Tobacco Products, FDA, Silver Spring, Maryland
| | - Hoda T Hammad
- Office of Science, Center for Tobacco Products, FDA, Silver Spring, Maryland
| | - Dana M van Bemmel
- Office of Science, Center for Tobacco Products, FDA, Silver Spring, Maryland
| | | | - Baoguang Wang
- Office of Science, Center for Tobacco Products, FDA, Silver Spring, Maryland
| | - Elena V Mishina
- Office of Science, Center for Tobacco Products, FDA, Silver Spring, Maryland
| | - Lisa M Faulcon
- Office of Science, Center for Tobacco Products, FDA, Silver Spring, Maryland
| | - Ana DePina
- Office of Science, Center for Tobacco Products, FDA, Silver Spring, Maryland
| | | | | | | | - Benjamin C Blount
- Division of Laboratory Sciences, National Center for Environmental Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Huber W Vesper
- Division of Laboratory Sciences, National Center for Environmental Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Lanqing Wang
- Division of Laboratory Sciences, National Center for Environmental Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Maciej L Goniewicz
- Department of Health Behavior, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, New York
| | - Andrew Hyland
- Department of Health Behavior, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, New York
| | - Mark J Travers
- Department of Health Behavior, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, New York
| | | | - Raymond Niaura
- College of Global Public Health, New York University, New York, New York
| | - K Michael Cummings
- Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina
| | | | | | - Nicolette Borek
- Office of Science, Center for Tobacco Products, FDA, Silver Spring, Maryland
| | - Bridget K Ambrose
- Office of Science, Center for Tobacco Products, FDA, Silver Spring, Maryland
| | - Cindy M Chang
- Office of Science, Center for Tobacco Products, FDA, Silver Spring, Maryland
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25
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Petsophonsakul P, Burgmaier M, Willems B, Heeneman S, Stadler N, Gremse F, Reith S, Burgmaier K, Kahles F, Marx N, Natour E, Bidar E, Jacobs M, Mees B, Reutelingsperger C, Furmanik M, Schurgers L. Nicotine promotes vascular calcification via intracellular Ca2+-mediated, Nox5-induced oxidative stress and extracellular vesicle release in vascular smooth muscle cells. Cardiovasc Res 2021; 118:2196-2210. [PMID: 34273166 PMCID: PMC9302892 DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvab244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2020] [Accepted: 07/15/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Aims Smokers are at increased risk of cardiovascular events. However, the exact mechanisms through which smoking influences cardiovascular disease resulting in accelerated atherosclerosis and vascular calcification are unknown. The aim of this study was to investigate effects of nicotine on initiation of vascular smooth muscle cell (VSMC) calcification and to elucidate underlying mechanisms. Methods and results We assessed vascular calcification of 62 carotid lesions of both smoking and non-smoking patients using ex vivo micro-computed tomography (µCT) scanning. Calcification was present more often in carotid plaques of smokers (n = 22 of 30, 73.3%) compared to non-smokers (n = 11 of 32, 34.3%; P < 0.001), confirming higher atherosclerotic burden. The difference was particularly profound for microcalcifications, which was 17-fold higher in smokers compared to non-smokers. In vitro, nicotine-induced human primary VSMC calcification, and increased osteogenic gene expression (Runx2, Osx, BSP, and OPN) and extracellular vesicle (EV) secretion. The pro-calcifying effects of nicotine were mediated by Ca2+-dependent Nox5. SiRNA knock-down of Nox5 inhibited nicotine-induced EV release and calcification. Moreover, pre-treatment of hVSMCs with vitamin K2 ameliorated nicotine-induced intracellular oxidative stress, EV secretion, and calcification. Using nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) blockers α-bungarotoxin and hexamethonium bromide, we found that the effects of nicotine on intracellular Ca2+ and oxidative stress were mediated by α7 and α3 nAChR. Finally, we showed that Nox5 expression was higher in carotid arteries of smokers and correlated with calcification levels in these vessels. Conclusion In this study, we provide evidence that nicotine induces Nox5-mediated pro-calcific processes as novel mechanism of increased atherosclerotic calcification. We identified that activation of α7 and α3 nAChR by nicotine increases intracellular Ca2+ and initiates calcification of hVSMCs through increased Nox5 activity, leading to oxidative stress-mediated EV release. Identifying the role of Nox5-induced oxidative stress opens novel avenues for diagnosis and treatment of smoking-induced cardiovascular disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ploingarm Petsophonsakul
- Department of Biochemistry, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht, Maastricht University, The Netherlands
| | - Mathias Burgmaier
- Department of Biochemistry, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht, Maastricht University, The Netherlands.,Department of Cardiology, Medical Clinic I, University Hospital of the RWTH Aachen, Germany
| | - Brecht Willems
- Department of Biochemistry, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht, Maastricht University, The Netherlands
| | - Sylvia Heeneman
- Department of Pathology, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht, Maastricht University, The Netherlands
| | - Nadina Stadler
- Department of Pathology, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht, Maastricht University, The Netherlands
| | - Felix Gremse
- Experimental Molecular Imaging, University Hospital of the RWTH Aachen, Germany
| | - Sebastian Reith
- Department of Cardiology, St. Franziskus Hospital Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Kathrin Burgmaier
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, Cologne Germany
| | - Florian Kahles
- Department of Cardiology, Medical Clinic I, University Hospital of the RWTH Aachen, Germany
| | - Nikolaus Marx
- Department of Cardiology, Medical Clinic I, University Hospital of the RWTH Aachen, Germany
| | - Ehsan Natour
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Maastricht University Medical Center (MUMC), Maastricht, the Netherlands.,European Vascular Center Aachen-Maastricht, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Elham Bidar
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Maastricht University Medical Center (MUMC), Maastricht, the Netherlands.,European Vascular Center Aachen-Maastricht, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Michael Jacobs
- European Vascular Center Aachen-Maastricht, Maastricht, the Netherlands.,Department of Vascular Surgery, Maastricht University Medical Center (MUMC), Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Barend Mees
- European Vascular Center Aachen-Maastricht, Maastricht, the Netherlands.,Department of Vascular Surgery, Maastricht University Medical Center (MUMC), Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Chris Reutelingsperger
- Department of Biochemistry, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht, Maastricht University, The Netherlands
| | - Malgorzata Furmanik
- Department of Biochemistry, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht, Maastricht University, The Netherlands
| | - Leon Schurgers
- Department of Biochemistry, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht, Maastricht University, The Netherlands.,Institute of Experimental Medicine and Systems Biology, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
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26
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Nasir K, Cainzos-Achirica M. Role of coronary artery calcium score in the primary prevention of cardiovascular disease. BMJ 2021; 373:n776. [PMID: 33947652 DOI: 10.1136/bmj.n776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
First developed in 1990, the Agatston coronary artery calcium (CAC) score is an international guideline-endorsed decision aid for further risk assessment and personalized management in the primary prevention of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease. This review discusses key international studies that have informed this 30 year journey, from an initial coronary plaque screening paradigm to its current role informing personalized shared decision making. Special attention is paid to the prognostic value of a CAC score of zero (the so called "power of zero"), which, in a context of low estimated risk thresholds for the consideration of preventive therapy with statins in current guidelines, may be used to de-risk individuals and thereby inform the safe delay or avoidance of certain preventive therapies. We also evaluate current recommendations for CAC scoring in clinical practice guidelines around the world, and past and prevailing barriers for its use in routine patient care. Finally, we discuss emerging approaches in this field, with a focus on the potential role of CAC informing not only the personalized allocation of statins and aspirin in the general population, but also of other risk-reduction therapies in special populations, such as individuals with diabetes and people with severe hypercholesterolemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khurram Nasir
- Division of Cardiovascular Prevention and Wellness, Department of Cardiology, Houston Methodist DeBakey Heart & Vascular Center, Houston, TX, USA
- Center for Outcomes Research, Houston Methodist, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Miguel Cainzos-Achirica
- Division of Cardiovascular Prevention and Wellness, Department of Cardiology, Houston Methodist DeBakey Heart & Vascular Center, Houston, TX, USA
- Center for Outcomes Research, Houston Methodist, Houston, TX, USA
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27
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Takahashi K, Thuijs DJFM, Gao C, Ono M, Holmes DR, Mack MJ, Morice MC, Mohr FW, Curzen N, Davierwala PM, Milojevic M, Dawkins KD, Wykrzykowska JJ, de Winter RJ, McEvoy JW, Onuma Y, Head SJ, Kappetein AP, Serruys PW. Ten-year all-cause mortality according to smoking status in patients with severe coronary artery disease undergoing surgical or percutaneous revascularization. Eur J Prev Cardiol 2020; 29:312-320. [PMID: 33624046 DOI: 10.1093/eurjpc/zwaa089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2020] [Revised: 08/13/2020] [Accepted: 09/18/2020] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Abstract
AIMS To evaluate the impact of various smoking status on 10-year all-cause mortality and to examine a relative treatment benefit of coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) vs. percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) according to smoking habits. METHODS AND RESULTS The SYNTAX Extended Survival study evaluated vital status up to 10 years in 1800 patients with de novo three-vessel disease and/or left main coronary artery disease randomized to CABG or PCI in the SYNTAX trial. In the present analysis, patients were divided into three groups (current, former, or never smokers), and the primary endpoint of 10-year all-cause mortality was assessed according to smoking status. Smoking status was available in 1793 (99.6%) patients at the time of randomization, of whom 363 were current smokers, 798 were former smokers, and 632 were never smokers. The crude rates of 10-year all-cause mortality were 29.7% in current smokers, 25.3% in former smokers, and 25.9% in never smokers (Log-rank P = 0.343). After adjustment for imbalances in baseline characteristics, current smokers had a significantly higher risk of 10-year all-cause mortality than never smokers [adjusted hazard ratio (aHR): 2.29; 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.60-3.27; P < 0.001], whereas former smokers did not. PCI was associated with a higher risk of all-cause mortality than CABG among current smokers (HR: 1.60; 95% CI: 1.09-2.35; P = 0.017), but it failed to show a significant interaction between revascularization strategies and smoking status (Pinteraction = 0.910). CONCLUSION Current smokers had a higher adjusted risk of 10-year all-cause mortality, whereas former smokers did not. The treatment effect of CABG vs. PCI did not differ significantly according to smoking status. CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION SYNTAX: ClinicalTrials.gov reference: NCT00114972; SYNTAX Extended Survival. ClinicalTrials.gov reference: NCT03417050.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kuniaki Takahashi
- Department of Cardiology, Amsterdam Universities Medical Centers, Location Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Daniel J F M Thuijs
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Erasmus University Medical Centre, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Chao Gao
- Department of Cardiology, Radboud Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Masafumi Ono
- Department of Cardiology, Amsterdam Universities Medical Centers, Location Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - David R Holmes
- Department of Cardiovascular Diseases and Internal Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Michael J Mack
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Baylor Scott & White Health, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Marie-Claude Morice
- Département of Cardiologie, Hôpital privé Jacques Cartier, Générale de Santé Massy, Paris, France
| | | | - Nick Curzen
- Department of Cardiology, Coronary Research Group, University Hospital Southampton NHS FT, Southampton, UK
| | - Piroze M Davierwala
- University Department of Cardiac Surgery, Heart Centre Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Milan Milojevic
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Erasmus University Medical Centre, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.,Department of Cardiac Surgery and Cardiovascular Research, Dedinje Cardiovascular Institute, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Keith D Dawkins
- Shockwave Medical Inc, 5403 Betsy Ross Dr Santa Clara, CA 95054, Santa Clara, CA, USA
| | - Joanna J Wykrzykowska
- Department of Cardiology, Amsterdam Universities Medical Centers, Location Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Department of Cardiology, University Medical Centre Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Robbert J de Winter
- Department of Cardiology, Amsterdam Universities Medical Centers, Location Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - John William McEvoy
- Department of Cardiology, National University of Ireland, Galway (NUIG), Galway, Ireland
| | - Yoshinobu Onuma
- Department of Cardiology, National University of Ireland, Galway (NUIG), Galway, Ireland
| | - Stuart J Head
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Erasmus University Medical Centre, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Arie Pieter Kappetein
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Erasmus University Medical Centre, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Patrick W Serruys
- Department of Cardiology, National University of Ireland, Galway (NUIG), Galway, Ireland
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28
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Higashi S, Shiga Y, Yano M, Imaizumi T, Tashiro K, Idemoto Y, Kato Y, Kuwano T, Sugihara M, Miura SI. Associations between smoking habits and major adverse cardiovascular events in patients who underwent coronary computed tomography angiography as screening for coronary artery disease. Heart Vessels 2020; 36:483-491. [PMID: 33245490 DOI: 10.1007/s00380-020-01727-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2020] [Accepted: 11/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
We analyzed whether smoking was associated with major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) and the progression of coronary atherosclerosis as assessed by coronary computed tomography angiography (CCTA) as screening for coronary artery disease (CAD). We enrolled 443 patients who had all undergone CCTA and either were clinically suspected of having CAD or had at least one cardiovascular risk factor. We divided the patients into smoking (past and current smoker) and non-smoking groups and into males and females, and evaluated the presence of CAD, severity of coronary atherosclerosis and MACE (cardiovascular death, ischemic stroke, acute myocardial infarction and coronary revascularization) with a follow-up of up to 5 years. %CAD and the severity of coronary atherosclerosis in the smoking group were significantly higher than those in the non-smoking group. %MACE in males and smokers were significantly higher than those in females and non-smokers, respectively. Interestingly, Kaplan-Meier curves also showed that female non-smokers enjoyed significantly greater freedom from MACE than female smokers (p = 0.007), whereas there was no significant difference in freedom from MACE between male non-smokers and male smokers (p = 0.984). Although there were no significant predictors of MACE in all patients according to a multiple logistic regression analysis, smoking was useful for predicting MACE in females, but not males. In conclusion, smoking was significantly associated with MACE in females, but not males, who underwent CCTA as screening for CAD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Higashi
- Department of Cardiology, Fukuoka University School of Medicine, 7-45-1 Nanakuma, Jonan-ku, Fukuoka, 814-0180, Japan
| | - Yuhei Shiga
- Department of Cardiology, Fukuoka University School of Medicine, 7-45-1 Nanakuma, Jonan-ku, Fukuoka, 814-0180, Japan
| | - Masaya Yano
- Department of Cardiology, Fukuoka University School of Medicine, 7-45-1 Nanakuma, Jonan-ku, Fukuoka, 814-0180, Japan
| | - Tomoki Imaizumi
- Department of Cardiology, Fukuoka University School of Medicine, 7-45-1 Nanakuma, Jonan-ku, Fukuoka, 814-0180, Japan
| | - Kohei Tashiro
- Department of Cardiology, Fukuoka University School of Medicine, 7-45-1 Nanakuma, Jonan-ku, Fukuoka, 814-0180, Japan
| | - Yoshiaki Idemoto
- Department of Cardiology, Fukuoka University School of Medicine, 7-45-1 Nanakuma, Jonan-ku, Fukuoka, 814-0180, Japan
| | - Yuta Kato
- Department of Cardiology, Fukuoka University School of Medicine, 7-45-1 Nanakuma, Jonan-ku, Fukuoka, 814-0180, Japan
| | - Takashi Kuwano
- Department of Cardiology, Fukuoka University School of Medicine, 7-45-1 Nanakuma, Jonan-ku, Fukuoka, 814-0180, Japan
| | - Makoto Sugihara
- Department of Cardiology, Fukuoka University School of Medicine, 7-45-1 Nanakuma, Jonan-ku, Fukuoka, 814-0180, Japan
| | - Shin-Ichiro Miura
- Department of Cardiology, Fukuoka University School of Medicine, 7-45-1 Nanakuma, Jonan-ku, Fukuoka, 814-0180, Japan. .,Department of Cardiology, Fukuoka University Nishijin Hospital, Fukuoka, Japan.
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29
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Alfaddagh A, Martin SS, Leucker TM, Michos ED, Blaha MJ, Lowenstein CJ, Jones SR, Toth PP. Inflammation and cardiovascular disease: From mechanisms to therapeutics. Am J Prev Cardiol 2020; 4:100130. [PMID: 34327481 PMCID: PMC8315628 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpc.2020.100130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 123] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2020] [Revised: 11/14/2020] [Accepted: 11/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Inflammation constitutes a complex, highly conserved cascade of molecular and cellular events. Inflammation has been labeled as “the fire within,” is highly regulated, and is critical to host defense and tissue repair. In general, inflammation is beneficial and has evolved to promote survival. However, inflammation can also be maladaptive when chronically activated and sustained, leading to progressive tissue injury and reduced survival. Examples of a maladaptive response include rheumatologic disease and atherosclerosis. Despite evidence gathered by Virchow over 100 years ago showing that inflammatory white cells play a role in atherogenesis, atherosclerosis was until recently viewed as a disease of passive cholesterol accumulation in the subendothelial space. This view has been supplanted by considerable basic scientific and clinical evidence demonstrating that every step of atherogenesis, from the development of endothelial cell dysfunction to foam cell formation, plaque formation and progression, and ultimately plaque rupture stemming from architectural instability, is driven by the cytokines, interleukins, and cellular constituents of the inflammatory response. Herein we provide an overview of the role of inflammation in atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease, discuss the predictive value of various biomarkers involved in inflammation, and summarize recent clinical trials that evaluated the capacity of various pharmacologic interventions to attenuate the intensity of inflammation and impact risk for acute cardiovascular events.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdulhamied Alfaddagh
- Ciccarone Center for the Prevention of Cardiovascular Disease, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Seth S Martin
- Ciccarone Center for the Prevention of Cardiovascular Disease, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Thorsten M Leucker
- Ciccarone Center for the Prevention of Cardiovascular Disease, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Erin D Michos
- Ciccarone Center for the Prevention of Cardiovascular Disease, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Michael J Blaha
- Ciccarone Center for the Prevention of Cardiovascular Disease, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Charles J Lowenstein
- Ciccarone Center for the Prevention of Cardiovascular Disease, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Steven R Jones
- Ciccarone Center for the Prevention of Cardiovascular Disease, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Peter P Toth
- Ciccarone Center for the Prevention of Cardiovascular Disease, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
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30
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Bhujade R, Ibrahim T, Wanjpe AK, Chouhan DS. A comparative study to assess general health status and oral health score of tobacco users and nonusers in geriatric population in central India. J Family Med Prim Care 2020; 9:3387-3391. [PMID: 33102301 PMCID: PMC7567294 DOI: 10.4103/jfmpc.jfmpc_157_20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2020] [Revised: 03/13/2020] [Accepted: 03/15/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Globally about 5 million deaths every year can be ascribed to tobacco use. It leads to many systemic and oral diseases. These diseases in geriatric population are common and more hazardous. Methods: Cross-sectional study was conducted in rural area of a teaching hospital to assess general health status and oral health scores of 500 geriatric age group tobacco users and non users. Data analysis was done with SPSS version-20. Chi square test and Mann Whitney U rank test were applied. Results: Poor self assessed health status was found in tobacco users as compared to nonusers. Significant limitation was found among the tobacco users as compared to nonusers. Significant association was found between the presence of diabetes, COPD, and tobacco use. Tobacco use was found to be significantly associated with poor oral health. Conclusion: Statistically significant poor general and oral health was found in tobacco users than nonusers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rashmi Bhujade
- Department of Community Medicine, Index Medical College Hospital and Research Centre, Indore, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Tarique Ibrahim
- Department of Health, Medical Officer, Civil Hospital Siwan, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Arun Kumar Wanjpe
- Professor Department of Community Medicine, Universal College of Medical Science and Teaching Hospital, Siddharth Nagar Bhairahawa, Nepal
| | - Dharampal Singh Chouhan
- Department of Community Medicine, R. D. Gardi Medical College and Hospital, Ujjain, Madhya Pradesh, India
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31
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Impacts of smoking status on the clinical outcomes of coronary non-target lesions in patients with coronary heart disease: a single-center angiographic study. Chin Med J (Engl) 2020; 133:2295-2301. [PMID: 32925280 PMCID: PMC7546875 DOI: 10.1097/cm9.0000000000001024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Coronary atherosclerotic plaque could go through rapid progression and induce adverse cardiac events. This study aimed to evaluate the impacts of smoking status on clinical outcomes of coronary non-target lesions. Methods Consecutive patients with coronary heart disease who underwent two serial coronary angiographies were included. All coronary non-target lesions were recorded at first coronary angiography and analyzed using quantitative coronary angiography at both procedures. Patients were grouped into non-smokers, quitters, and smokers according to their smoking status. Clinical outcomes including rapid lesion progression, lesion re-vascularization, and myocardial infarction were recorded at second coronary angiography. Multivariable Cox regression analysis was used to investigate the association between smoking status and clinical outcomes. Results A total of 1255 patients and 1670 lesions were included. Smokers were younger and more likely to be male compared with non-smokers. Increase in percent diameter stenosis was significantly lower (2.7 [0.6, 7.1] % vs. 3.5 [0.9, 8.9]%) and 3.4 [1.1, 7.7]%, P = 0.020) in quitters than those in smokers and non-smokers. Quitters tended to have a decreased incidence of rapid lesions progression (15.8% [76/482] vs. 21.6% [74/342] and 20.6% [89/431], P = 0.062), lesion re-vascularization (13.1% [63/482] vs. 15.5% [53/432] and 15.5% [67/431], P = 0.448), lesion-related myocardial infarction (0.8% [4/482] vs. 2.6% [9/342] and 1.4% [6/431], P = 0.110) and all-cause myocardial infarction (1.9% [9/482] vs. 4.1% [14/342] and 2.3% [10/431], P = 0.128) compared with smokers and non-smokers. In multivariable analysis, smoking status was not an independent predictor for rapid lesion progression, lesion re-vascularization, and lesion-related myocardial infarction except that a higher risk of all-cause myocardial infarction was observed in smokers than non-smokers (hazards ratio: 3.00, 95% confidence interval: 1.04–8.62, P = 0.042). Conclusion Smoking cessation mitigates the increase in percent diameter stenosis of coronary non-target lesions, meanwhile, smokers are associated with increased risk for all-cause myocardial infarction compared with non-smokers.
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32
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Moreno-Franco B, Pérez-Esteban A, Civeira F, Guallar-Castillón P, Casasnovas JA, Mateo-Gállego R, Jarauta E, Malo S, Laclaustra M. Association between alcohol consumption and subclinical femoral atherosclerosis in smoking and non-smoking men: the AWHS study. Addiction 2020; 115:1754-1761. [PMID: 32061175 DOI: 10.1111/add.15012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2019] [Revised: 09/23/2019] [Accepted: 02/11/2020] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Many addictive substances, such as tobacco and alcohol, influence atherosclerosis development. Whether or not tobacco's pro-atherosclerotic effect is influenced by alcohol consumption is unknown. We aimed to estimate the impact of alcohol intake on the presence of subclinical atherosclerosis in femoral arteries in smoking and non-smoking middle-aged men. DESIGN, SETTING AND PARTICIPANTS Cross-sectional analysis of a subset of the Aragon Workers Health Study (AWHS), comprising 2099 men with mean age 50.9 years without previous cardiovascular disease. MEASUREMENTS The presence of plaques in femoral arteries was assessed by high-resolution sonography. Self-reported alcohol consumption over the previous year was measured with a food frequency questionnaire. The sample was divided into four groups according to their daily grams of alcohol consumption ≤ 1 (abstainers), ≥ 2 to < 30, ≥ 30 to < 60 and ≥ 60 g/day. Participants were divided on ever-smoking (current and former) versus never-smoking strata in the main analysis. FINDINGS We did not find a significant association between the different levels of alcohol intake and the likelihood of developing femoral artery atherosclerosis in never-smokers. Ever-smoking was positively associated with femoral atherosclerosis overall [odds ratio (OR) = 3.00; 95% confidence interval (CI) = 2.40, 3.74; P < 0.001] and within each level of alcohol consumption. Atherosclerosis was lower in ever-smokers who consumed 2 g/day or more but less than 30 g/day with respect to those ever-smokers who were abstainers (OR = 0.70; 95% CI = 0.49, 0.99; P < 0.05). However, among these ever-smokers, atherosclerosis prevalence was still higher than among never-smokers who consumed alcohol in the same amount (2 g/day or more but less than 30 g/day) (OR = 2.73; 95% CI = 2.07, 3.61; P < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS Among middle-aged men, moderate alcohol consumption appears to be associated with lower prevalence of femoral artery subclinical atherosclerosis compared with alcohol abstinence only in ever-smokers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Belén Moreno-Franco
- Universidad de Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain.,Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Aragón, Hospital Universitario Miguel Servet, CIBERCV, Zaragoza, Spain
| | | | - Fernando Civeira
- Universidad de Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain.,Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Aragón, Hospital Universitario Miguel Servet, CIBERCV, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Pilar Guallar-Castillón
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health. School of Medicine, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid-IdiPaz, CIBERESP, Madrid, Spain.,IMDEA-Food Institute. CEI UAM+CSIC, Madrid, Spain
| | - José Antonio Casasnovas
- Universidad de Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain.,Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Aragón, Hospital Universitario Miguel Servet, CIBERCV, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Rocío Mateo-Gállego
- Universidad de Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain.,Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Aragón, Hospital Universitario Miguel Servet, CIBERCV, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Estíbaliz Jarauta
- Universidad de Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain.,Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Aragón, Hospital Universitario Miguel Servet, CIBERCV, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Sara Malo
- Universidad de Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Martín Laclaustra
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Aragón, Hospital Universitario Miguel Servet, CIBERCV, Zaragoza, Spain.,Agencia Aragonesa para la Investigación y el Desarrollo, ARAID, Zaragoza, Spain
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33
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Blankstein R, Libby P, Bhatt DL. Arterial Inflammation: The Heat Before the Storm. J Am Coll Cardiol 2020; 73:1383-1385. [PMID: 30922469 DOI: 10.1016/j.jacc.2019.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2019] [Accepted: 02/06/2019] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Ron Blankstein
- Cardiovascular Division, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts.
| | - Peter Libby
- Cardiovascular Division, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Deepak L Bhatt
- Cardiovascular Division, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts. https://twitter.com/DLBHATTMD
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34
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Wang T, Jiang CQ, Xu L, Zhang WS, Zhu F, Jin YL, Thomas GN, Cheng KK, Lam TH. The mediating role of inflammation in the association between cigarette smoking and intima-media thickness: The Guangzhou biobank cohort study. Medicine (Baltimore) 2020; 99:e19207. [PMID: 32080108 PMCID: PMC7034685 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000019207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Cigarette smoking is associated with thicker carotid intima-media thickness (IMT), probably partly through inflammatory pathways. However, to what extent does inflammation mediate the smoking-carotid atherosclerosis association is unclear. We investigated the mediating effect of inflammation on the association between cigarette smoking and carotid IMT, and quantified the respective contributions of inflammatory markers to this association.A total of 1752 participants from Guangzhou Biobank Cohort Study-Cardiovascular Disease Sub-cohort (GBCS-CVD) were included. Using causal mediation analysis under the counterfactual framework, we decomposed total effects of cigarette smoking on IMT into indirect effects (through inflammatory response) and direct effects (not through inflammatory response).After adjusting for traditional risk factors, the indirect effects of per 10/L increment in leukocyte and granulocyte, per mg/L increment in high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP), and per mg/dL increment in fibrinogen on carotid IMT was 0.0028 mm (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.0011-0.0047), 0.0019 mm (95% CI, 0.0006-0.0034), 0.0017 mm (95% CI, 0.0006-0.003), and 0.001 mm (95% CI, 0.0001-0.0021), respectively. No evidence for a mediating role of lymphocyte was found. The proportion of the smoking-IMT association mediated by leukocyte, granulocyte, hs-CRP, and fibrinogen was 12.57% (95% CI, 8.50%-22.11%), 8.50% (95% CI, 5.76%-15.09%), 7.64% (95% CI, 5.20%-13.79%), and 4.48% (95% CI, 3.04%-8.03%), respectively. Restricting data analysis to men showed similar results.The effects of cigarette smoking on IMT were partly mediated by leukocyte, hs-CRP, and fibrinogen. The mediating role of leukocyte was likely mainly driven by higher granulocyte.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Wang
- School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University
| | | | - Lin Xu
- School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University
- School of Public Health, the University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | | | - Feng Zhu
- Guangzhou No.12 Hospital, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ya Li Jin
- Guangzhou No.12 Hospital, Guangzhou, China
| | - G. Neil Thomas
- Institute of Applied Health Research, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Kar Keung Cheng
- Institute of Applied Health Research, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Tai Hing Lam
- Guangzhou No.12 Hospital, Guangzhou, China
- School of Public Health, the University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
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35
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Hwang SW, Lee HJ, Kim CH, Kim SH, Kyung Y, Lee ST, Lee JS. The effect of hidden female smoking on the relationship between smoking and cardiovascular disease. Cardiol J 2020; 28:716-727. [PMID: 31960946 DOI: 10.5603/cj.a2020.0001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2019] [Revised: 01/09/2020] [Accepted: 12/25/2019] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Smoking is a known risk factor for cardiovascular morbidity and mortality, but several Korean studies have shown differing results on the association of current smoking status and the risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD). The aim of the present study was to investigate the association between smoking status and CVD (myocardial infarction and stroke) using national representative populationbased samples. The aim was also to investigate the effects of hidden smokers on the association between CVD and smoking. METHODS Data were acquired from 28,620 participants (12,875 men and 15,745 women), age 19 years or older, who participated in the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES) conducted from 2008 to 2016. RESULTS The multivariable logistic regression analysis showed that ex-smoking status was correlated with CVD when self-reported (odds ratio [OR]: 1.62; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.20-2.19) and for survey-cotinine verified-smoking status (OR: 1.57; 95% CI: 1.20-2.19). Interestingly, the present study showed current smoking was not significantly associated with CVD. For the effect of sex on smoking and CVD, self-reported and survey-cotinine-verified ex-smoking status were correlated with CVD in males (OR: 1.45; 95% CI: 1.04-2.04 and OR: 1.43; 95% CI: 1.02-2.02) and in females (OR: 2.74; 95% CI: 1.59-4.71 and OR: 2.92; 95% CI: 1.64-5.18). The ratios of cotinine-verified to self-reported smoking rates were 1.95 for women and 1.08 for men. CONCLUSIONS In the current study, while ex-smoking status was significantly associated with CVD, current smoking status was not. Female ex-smoking status had a higher adjusted odds ratio for CVD than males compared to non-smoking status. An effect of hidden female smoking was also found on the association between smoking status and CVD in Korean adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sang Won Hwang
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Samsung Changwon Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Changwon, Korea
| | - Hae Jeong Lee
- Department of Pediatrics, Samsung Changwon Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Changwon, Korea
| | - Cheol Hong Kim
- Department of Pediatrics, Samsung Changwon Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Changwon, Korea
| | - Sung Hoon Kim
- Department of Pediatrics, Samsung Changwon Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Changwon, Korea
| | - Yechan Kyung
- Department of Pediatrics, Samsung Changwon Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Changwon, Korea
| | - Sang Taek Lee
- Department of Pediatrics, Samsung Changwon Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Changwon, Korea
| | - Ju Suk Lee
- Department of Pediatrics, Samsung Changwon Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Changwon, Korea.
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Ramalingam A, Budin SB, Mohd Fauzi N, Ritchie RH, Zainalabidin S. Angiotensin II Type I Receptor Antagonism Attenuates Nicotine-Induced Cardiac Remodeling, Dysfunction, and Aggravation of Myocardial Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury in Rats. Front Pharmacol 2019; 10:1493. [PMID: 31920673 PMCID: PMC6920178 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2019.01493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2019] [Accepted: 11/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Increased exposure to nicotine contributes to the development of cardiac dysfunction by promoting oxidative stress, fibrosis, and inflammation. These deleterious events altogether render cardiac myocytes more susceptible to acute cardiac insults such as ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury. This study sought to elucidate the role of angiotensin II type I (AT1) receptors in cardiac injury resulting from prolonged nicotine administration in a rat model. Male Sprague-Dawley rats were given nicotine (0.6 mg/kg ip) for 28 days to induce cardiac dysfunction, alone or in combination with the AT1 receptor antagonist, irbesartan (10 mg/kg, po). Vehicle-treated rats were used as controls. Rat hearts isolated from each experimental group at study endpoint were examined for changes in function, histology, gene expression, and susceptibility against acute I/R injury determined ex vivo. Rats administered nicotine alone exhibited significantly increased cardiac expression of angiotensin II and angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) in addition to elevated systolic blood pressure (SBP) and heart rate. Furthermore, nicotine administration markedly reduced left ventricular (LV) performance with concomitant increases in myocardial oxidative stress, fibrosis, and inflammation. Concomitant treatment with irbesartan attenuated these effects, lowering blood pressure, heart rate, oxidative stress, and expression of fibrotic and inflammatory genes. Importantly, the irbesartan-treated group also manifested reduced susceptibility to I/R injury ex vivo. These findings suggest that AT1 receptors play an important role in nicotine-induced cardiac dysfunction, and pharmacological approaches targeting cardiac AT1 receptors may thus benefit patients with sustained exposure to nicotine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anand Ramalingam
- Programme of Biomedical Science, Centre for Applied and Health Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Siti Balkis Budin
- Programme of Biomedical Science, Centre for Applied and Health Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Norsyahida Mohd Fauzi
- Drug and Herbal Research Centre, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Rebecca H Ritchie
- Heart Failure Pharmacology, Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,Drug Discovery Biology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Satirah Zainalabidin
- Programme of Biomedical Science, Centre for Applied and Health Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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Menotti A, Puddu PE. Epidemiology of Heart Disease of Uncertain Etiology: A Population Study and Review of the Problem. MEDICINA (KAUNAS, LITHUANIA) 2019; 55:E687. [PMID: 31615121 PMCID: PMC6843161 DOI: 10.3390/medicina55100687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2019] [Revised: 09/24/2019] [Accepted: 10/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Background and objectives: Previous epidemiological studies have identified a group of heart diseases (here called heart diseases of uncertain etiology-HDUE) whose characteristics were rather different from cases classified as coronary heart disease (CHD), but frequently confused with them. This analysis had the purpose of adding further evidence on this issue based on a large population study. Materials and Methods: Forty-five Italian population samples for a total of 25,272 men and 21,895 women, free from cardiovascular diseases, were examined with measurement of some risk factors. During follow-up, CHD deaths were those manifested as myocardial infarction, other acute ischemic attacks, and sudden death of probable coronary origin, after reasonable exclusion of other causes. Cases of HDUE were those manifested only as heart failure, chronic arrhythmia, and blocks in the absence of typical coronary syndromes. Cox proportional hazards models were computed separately for CHD and HDUE, with 11 risk factors as possible predictors. Results: During an average of 7.4 years (extremes 1-16) there were 223 CHD and 150 HDUE fatal events. Male sex, age, smoking habits, systolic blood pressure, serum cholesterol, and plasma glucose were significantly and directly related to CHD events, while high density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol was so in an inverse way. The same risk factors were predictive of HDUE events except serum cholesterol and HDL cholesterol. Multivariable hazards ratio of serum cholesterol (delta = 1 mmol/L) was higher in the CHD model (1.24, 95% CI 1.11-1.39) than in the HDUE model (1.03, 0.5% C.I. 0.89-1.19) and the difference between the respective coefficients was statistically significant (p = 0.0444). Age at death was not different between the two end-points. Conclusions: CHD and HDUE are probably two different morbid conditions, only the first one is likely bound to gross atherosclerotic lesions of coronary arteries and linked to blood lipid levels. We reviewed the problem in epidemiological investigations and addressed inflammation as a potential cofactor to differentiate between CHD and HDUE.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Paolo Emilio Puddu
- Department of Cardiovascular, Respiratory, Nephrological, Anesthesiological and Geriatric Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, 00161 Rome, Italy.
- Equipe d'Accueil (EA) 4650, 14000 Caen, France.
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Watson M, Dardari Z, Kianoush S, Hall ME, DeFilippis AP, Keith RJ, Benjamin EJ, Rodriguez CJ, Bhatnagar A, Lima JA, Butler J, Blaha MJ, Rifai MA. Relation Between Cigarette Smoking and Heart Failure (from the Multiethnic Study of Atherosclerosis). Am J Cardiol 2019; 123:1972-1977. [PMID: 30967285 PMCID: PMC6529241 DOI: 10.1016/j.amjcard.2019.03.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2019] [Revised: 03/04/2019] [Accepted: 03/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
We studied the association between cigarette smoking and incident heart failure (HF) in a racially diverse US cohort. We included 6,792 participants from the Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis with information on cigarette smoking at baseline, characterized by status, intensity, burden, and time since quitting. Adjudicated outcomes included total incident HF cases and HF stratified by ejection fraction (EF) into HF with reduced EF (HFrEF; EF ≤ 40%) and preserved EF (HFpEF; EF ≥ 50%). We used Cox proportional hazards models adjusted for traditional cardiovascular risk factors and accounted for competing risk of each HF type. Mean age was 62 ± 10 years; 53% were women, 61% were nonwhite, and 13% were current smokers. A total of 279 incident HF cases occurred over a median follow-up of 12.2 years. The incidence rates of HFrEF and HFpEF were 2.2 and 1.9 cases per 1000 person-years, respectively. Current smoking was associated with higher risk of HF compared with never smoking (hazard ratio [HR], 2.05; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.36 to 3.09); this was similar for HFrEF (HR, 2.58; 95% CI, 1.27 to 5.25) and HFpEF (HR, 2.51; 95% CI, 1.15 to 5.49). Former smoking was not significantly associated with HF (HR, 1.17; 95% CI, 0.88 to 1.56). Smoking intensity, burden, and time since quitting did not provide additional information for HF risk after accounting for smoking status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Megan Watson
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Zeina Dardari
- The Johns Hopkins Ciccarone Center for the Prevention of Heart Disease, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Sina Kianoush
- The Johns Hopkins Ciccarone Center for the Prevention of Heart Disease, Baltimore, Maryland; Department of Medicine, Yale-Waterbury, Waterbury, Connecticut
| | - Michael E Hall
- Division of Cardiology, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi
| | - Andrew P DeFilippis
- The Johns Hopkins Ciccarone Center for the Prevention of Heart Disease, Baltimore, Maryland; Diabetes and Obesity Center, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, Kentucky; Division of Cardiology, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, Kentucky
| | - Rachel J Keith
- Diabetes and Obesity Center, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, Kentucky; Division of Cardiology, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, Kentucky
| | - Emelia J Benjamin
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts; Department of Epidemiology, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Carlos J Rodriguez
- Maya Angelou Center for Health Equity, Wake Forest University, Winston-Salem, North Carolina
| | - Aruni Bhatnagar
- Diabetes and Obesity Center, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, Kentucky; Division of Cardiology, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, Kentucky
| | - Joao A Lima
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Javed Butler
- Department of Medicine, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi
| | - Michael J Blaha
- The Johns Hopkins Ciccarone Center for the Prevention of Heart Disease, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Mahmoud Al Rifai
- The Johns Hopkins Ciccarone Center for the Prevention of Heart Disease, Baltimore, Maryland; Department of Medicine, University of Kansas School of Medicine, Wichita, Kansas.
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Conklin DJ, Schick S, Blaha MJ, Carll A, DeFilippis A, Ganz P, Hall ME, Hamburg N, O'Toole T, Reynolds L, Srivastava S, Bhatnagar A. Cardiovascular injury induced by tobacco products: assessment of risk factors and biomarkers of harm. A Tobacco Centers of Regulatory Science compilation. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2019; 316:H801-H827. [PMID: 30707616 PMCID: PMC6483019 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00591.2018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2018] [Revised: 01/09/2019] [Accepted: 01/27/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Although substantial evidence shows that smoking is positively and robustly associated with cardiovascular disease (CVD), the CVD risk associated with the use of new and emerging tobacco products, such as electronic cigarettes, hookah, and heat-not-burn products, remains unclear. This uncertainty stems from lack of knowledge on how the use of these products affects cardiovascular health. Cardiovascular injury associated with the use of new tobacco products could be evaluated by measuring changes in biomarkers of cardiovascular harm that are sensitive to the use of combustible cigarettes. Such cardiovascular injury could be indexed at several levels. Preclinical changes contributing to the pathogenesis of disease could be monitored by measuring changes in systemic inflammation and oxidative stress, organ-specific dysfunctions could be gauged by measuring endothelial function (flow-mediated dilation), platelet aggregation, and arterial stiffness, and organ-specific injury could be evaluated by measuring endothelial microparticles and platelet-leukocyte aggregates. Classical risk factors, such as blood pressure, circulating lipoproteins, and insulin resistance, provide robust estimates of risk, and subclinical disease progression could be followed by measuring coronary artery Ca2+ and carotid intima-media thickness. Given that several of these biomarkers are well-established predictors of major cardiovascular events, the association of these biomarkers with the use of new and emerging tobacco products could be indicative of both individual and population-level CVD risk associated with the use of these products. Differential effects of tobacco products (conventional vs. new and emerging products) on different indexes of cardiovascular injury could also provide insights into mechanisms by which they induce cardiovascular harm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel J Conklin
- Diabetes and Obesity Center, University of Louisville , Louisville, Kentucky
| | - Suzaynn Schick
- Department of Medicine, University of California-San Francisco , San Francisco, California
| | - Michael J Blaha
- Ciccarone Center for the Prevention of Heart Disease, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University , Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Alex Carll
- Diabetes and Obesity Center, University of Louisville , Louisville, Kentucky
| | - Andrew DeFilippis
- Diabetes and Obesity Center, University of Louisville , Louisville, Kentucky
| | - Peter Ganz
- Department of Medicine, University of California-San Francisco , San Francisco, California
| | - Michael E Hall
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Mississippi Medical Center , Jackson, Mississippi
| | - Naomi Hamburg
- Department of Medicine/Cardiovascular Medicine, School of Medicine, Boston University , Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Tim O'Toole
- Diabetes and Obesity Center, University of Louisville , Louisville, Kentucky
| | - Lindsay Reynolds
- Department of Epidemiology and Prevention, Wake Forest School of Medicine , Winston-Salem, North Carolina
| | - Sanjay Srivastava
- Diabetes and Obesity Center, University of Louisville , Louisville, Kentucky
| | - Aruni Bhatnagar
- Diabetes and Obesity Center, University of Louisville , Louisville, Kentucky
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40
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Yu H, Ma S, Sun L, Gao J, Zhao C. TGF‑β1 upregulates the expression of lncRNA‑ATB to promote atherosclerosis. Mol Med Rep 2019; 19:4222-4228. [PMID: 30942415 PMCID: PMC6471400 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2019.10109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2018] [Accepted: 10/17/2018] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Transforming growth factor (TGF)-β1 is reported to be associated with the occurrence of atherosclerosis, although the mechanism remains unclear. Therefore, the present study aimed to investigate the involvement of TGF-β1 signaling in atherosclerosis. A total of 56 patients with atherosclerosis and 44 healthy volunteers were involved in this study. Serum expression of TGF-β1 and long non-coding RNA-ATB was detected by ELISA and quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR). Receiver operating characteristic curve analysis was performed to analyze the diagnostic value of serum TGF-β1 and lncRNA-ATB for atherosclerosis. A human umbilical vein endothelial cell (HUVEC) line overexpressing lncRNA-ATB was constructed. The effects of TGF-β1 treatment and lncRNA-ATB overexpression on HUVEC cell proliferation and viability was detected with Cell Counting Kit-8 and MTT assays, respectively. Expression of TGF-β1 and pro-apoptotic Caspase-3 in lncRNA-ATB-overexpressing HUVECs was detected by western blotting. In addition, the expression of lncRNA-ATB in TGF-β1-treated HUVECs was detected by qPCR. It was demonstrated that serum TGF-β1 and lncRNA-ATB expression was significantly higher in atherosclerosis patients, compared with controls, and could be used to effectively distinguish patients from healthy individuals. TGF-β1 treatment and lncRNA-ATB overexpression reduced HUVEC viability and proliferation. TGF-β1 treatment increased the expression of lncRNA-ATB in HUVECs, while lncRNA-ATB overexpression had no significant effect on TGF-β1 expression. LncRNA-ATB silencing with small interfering RNA significantly reduced the effects of TGF-β1 treatment on the proliferation and viability of HUVECs. Furthermore, LncRNA-ATB overexpression upregulated the expression of caspase-3 in HUVECs. Therefore, it was concluded that TGF-β1 may have upregulated the expression of lncRNA-ATB to promote atherosclerosis, and lncRNA-ATB may serve as a potential therapeutic target for atherosclerosis. However, the mechanism remains to be further investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huapeng Yu
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The Fourth People's Hospital of Jinan, Jinan Research Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Jinan, Shandong 250031, P.R. China
| | - Shengting Ma
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The Fourth People's Hospital of Jinan, Jinan Research Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Jinan, Shandong 250031, P.R. China
| | - Ling Sun
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The Fourth People's Hospital of Jinan, Jinan Research Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Jinan, Shandong 250031, P.R. China
| | - Jing Gao
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The Fourth People's Hospital of Jinan, Jinan Research Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Jinan, Shandong 250031, P.R. China
| | - Chengjun Zhao
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The Fourth People's Hospital of Jinan, Jinan Research Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Jinan, Shandong 250031, P.R. China
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41
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Multi-angles of smoking and mild cognitive impairment: is the association mediated by sleep duration? Neurol Sci 2019; 40:1019-1027. [PMID: 30778881 DOI: 10.1007/s10072-019-03750-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2018] [Accepted: 02/02/2019] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Although the association between cigarette smoking and risk of mild cognitive impairment (MCI) is controversial, most recent studies have shown that this influence is negative. However, it is unknown how multiple factors of smoking affect MCI, and the mechanisms of different smoking factors are not yet clarified. This study will examine the impact of various angles of smoking on MCI and the potential mediating effects of sleep duration on smoking MCI association in the elderly. In the case group, 109 elderly people who met the inclusion criteria were selected, and 123 were selected in the control group. Participant characteristics include sleep duration and a detailed lifetime history of smoking. After adjusting the relevant covariates, higher odds of MCI occurrence were found in ex-smokers/current smokers; moderate/heavy smokers; smokers for 30-44, 45-59 and more than 60 years; smokers with cumulative smoking duration of 30-44 or more than 60 years and smokers with cumulative dose smoking intensity of 200-399 or 400-599 cigarettes monthly. Elderly subjects who had quit smoking for 21 years or longer were found to have lower odds of MCI occurrence. The indirect effects of smoking on MCI via sleep duration were statistically significant, as the ratio of indirect effect to total effect ranged from 0.14 to 0.29. Smoking affects cognitive function through multi-angles of smoking and influences the cognitive function partly via the duration of sleep.
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42
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Relationship between sensory liking for fat, sweet or salt and cardiometabolic diseases: mediating effects of diet and weight status. Eur J Nutr 2019; 59:249-261. [PMID: 30719567 DOI: 10.1007/s00394-019-01904-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2018] [Accepted: 01/17/2019] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Previous works have been suggested that individual sensory liking is a predictor of dietary intake and weight status, and may consequently influence development of cardiometabolic diseases (CMDs). We investigated the association between sensory liking for fat-and-salt, fat-and-sweet, sweet or salt and the onset of hypertension, diabetes and cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) over 6 years in adults, and the mediating effects of dietary intake and body mass index (BMI). METHODS We examined the CMDs risk among 41,332 (for CVD and diabetes) and 37,936 (for hypertension) French adults (NutriNet-Santé cohort). Liking scores, individual characteristics, diet and anthropometry were assessed at baseline using questionnaires. Health events were collected during 6 years. Associations between sensory liking and CMDs risk, and the mediating effect of diet and BMI, were assessed using Cox proportional hazards models. RESULTS Sensory liking for fat-and-salt was associated with an increased risk of diabetes, hypertension and CVD [hazard ratios (HR) for 1-point increment of the sensory score: HR 1.30 (95% CI 1.18, 1.43), HR 1.08 (1.04, 1.13) and HR 1.10 (1.02, 1.19), respectively]. BMI and dietary intake both explained 93%, 98% and 70%, of the overall variation of liking for fat-and-salt liking in diabetes, hypertension and CVD, respectively. Liking for fat-and-sweet and liking for salt were also associated with an increased risk of diabetes [HR 1.09 (1.01, 1.17) and HR 1.09 (1.01, 1.18), respectively], whereas liking for sweet was associated with a decreased risk [HR 0.76 (0.69, 0.84)]. CONCLUSIONS Higher liking for fat-and-salt is significantly associated with CMDs risk, largely explained by dietary intake and BMI. Our findings may help to guide effective targeted measures in prevention.
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Khanna NN, Jamthikar AD, Araki T, Gupta D, Piga M, Saba L, Carcassi C, Nicolaides A, Laird JR, Suri HS, Gupta A, Mavrogeni S, Kitas GD, Suri JS. Nonlinear model for the carotid artery disease 10-year risk prediction by fusing conventional cardiovascular factors to carotid ultrasound image phenotypes: A Japanese diabetes cohort study. Echocardiography 2019; 36:345-361. [PMID: 30623485 DOI: 10.1111/echo.14242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2018] [Accepted: 12/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
MOTIVATION This study presents a novel nonlinear model which can predict 10-year carotid ultrasound image-based phenotypes by fusing nine traditional cardiovascular risk factors (ethnicity, gender, age, artery type, body mass index, hemoglobin A1c, hypertension, low-density lipoprotein, and smoking) with five types of carotid automated image phenotypes (three types of carotid intima-media thickness (IMT), wall variability, and total plaque area). METHODOLOGY Two-step process was adapted: First, five baseline carotid image-based phenotypes were automatically measured using AtheroEdge™ (AtheroPoint™ , CA, USA) system by two operators (novice and experienced) and an expert. Second, based on the annual progression rates of cIMT due to nine traditional cardiovascular risk factors, a novel nonlinear model was adapted for 10-year predictions of carotid phenotypes. RESULTS Institute review board (IRB) approved 204 Japanese patients' left/right common carotid artery (407 ultrasound scans) was collected with a mean age of 69 ± 11 years. Age and hemoglobin were reported to have a high influence on the 10-year carotid phenotypes. Mean correlation coefficient (CC) between 10-year carotid image-based phenotype and age was improved by 39.35% in males and 25.38% in females. The area under the curves for the 10-year measurements of five phenotypes IMTave10yr , IMTmax10yr , IMTmin10yr , IMTV10yr , and TPA10yr were 0.96, 0.94, 0.90, 1.0, and 1.0. Inter-operator variability between two operators showed significant CC (P < 0.0001). CONCLUSIONS A nonlinear model was developed and validated by fusing nine conventional CV risk factors with current carotid image-based phenotypes for predicting the 10-year carotid ultrasound image-based phenotypes which may be used risk assessment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Narendra N Khanna
- Department of Cardiology, Indraprastha Apollo Hospitals, New Delhi, India
| | - Ankush D Jamthikar
- Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, Visvesvaraya National Institute of Technology, Nagpur, India
| | - Tadashi Araki
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Toho University Ohashi Medical Center, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Deep Gupta
- Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, Visvesvaraya National Institute of Technology, Nagpur, India
| | - Matteo Piga
- Department of Rheumatology, University Clinic and AOU of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Luca Saba
- Department of Radiology, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Carlo Carcassi
- Department of Genetics, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Andrew Nicolaides
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Imperial College, London, UK.,Vascular Diagnostic Center, University of Cyprus, Nicosia, Cyprus
| | - John R Laird
- Heart and Vascular Institute, Adventist Health St. Helena, St Helena, California
| | | | - Ajay Gupta
- Department of Radiology and Feil Family Brain and Mind Research Institute, Weill Cornell Medical Center, New York, New York
| | - Sophie Mavrogeni
- Cardiology Clinic, Onassis Cardiac Surgery Center, Athens, Greece
| | - George D Kitas
- Arthritis Research UK Centre for Epidemiology, Manchester University, Manchester, UK.,Director of Research & Development-Academic Affairs, Dudley Group NHS Foundation Trust, Dudley, UK
| | - Jasjit S Suri
- Stroke Monitoring and Diagnostic Division, AtheroPointTM, Roseville, California
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Feodoroff M, Harjutsalo V, Forsblom C, Groop PH. Dose-dependent effect of smoking on risk of coronary heart disease, heart failure and stroke in individuals with type 1 diabetes. Diabetologia 2018; 61:2580-2589. [PMID: 30229273 DOI: 10.1007/s00125-018-4725-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2018] [Accepted: 08/02/2018] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
AIMS/HYPOTHESIS The aim of this study was to assess the potential dose-dependent effects of smoking on the risk of CHD, heart failure and stroke in individuals with type 1 diabetes. METHODS The study included 4506 individuals with type 1 diabetes who were participating in the Finnish Diabetic Nephropathy (FinnDiane) study. Intensity of smoking was estimated by packs per day and cumulative smoking by pack-years. Cox regression analyses were used to estimate the risk of incident CHD, heart failure or stroke during follow-up. RESULTS One pack per day significantly increased the risk of incident CHD in current smokers compared with never smokers (HR 1.45 [95% CI 1.15, 1.84]), after adjustment for age, sex, HbA1c, hypertension, duration of diabetes and BMI. The risk of CHD in former smokers was similar to the risk in never smokers. The risk of incident heart failure was 1.43 (95% CI 1.03, 1.97) in current smokers per one pack per day and 1.37 (95% CI 1.05, 1.77) in former smokers, while the risk of incident stroke was 1.70 (95% CI 1.26, 2.29) and 1.49 (95% CI 1.14, 1.93), respectively. After further adjustments for lipids, however, the difference in the risk of heart failure in current and former smokers was no longer significant. Cumulative smoking data were similar to smoking intensity data. CONCLUSIONS/INTERPRETATION There is a dose-dependent association between smoking and cardiovascular disease in individuals with type 1 diabetes. In men in particular, the risk of incident stroke remains high even after smoking cessation and is increased in current and former smokers independently of other risk factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maija Feodoroff
- Folkhälsan Institute of Genetics, Folkhälsan Research Center, Biomedicum Helsinki, University of Helsinki, Haartmaninkatu 8, P.O. Box 63, FIN-00014, Helsinki, Finland
- Abdominal Center Nephrology, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
- Research Programs Unit, Diabetes and Obesity, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Valma Harjutsalo
- Folkhälsan Institute of Genetics, Folkhälsan Research Center, Biomedicum Helsinki, University of Helsinki, Haartmaninkatu 8, P.O. Box 63, FIN-00014, Helsinki, Finland
- Abdominal Center Nephrology, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
- Research Programs Unit, Diabetes and Obesity, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- National Institute for Health and Welfare, The Chronic Disease Prevention Unit, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Carol Forsblom
- Folkhälsan Institute of Genetics, Folkhälsan Research Center, Biomedicum Helsinki, University of Helsinki, Haartmaninkatu 8, P.O. Box 63, FIN-00014, Helsinki, Finland
- Abdominal Center Nephrology, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
- Research Programs Unit, Diabetes and Obesity, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Per-Henrik Groop
- Folkhälsan Institute of Genetics, Folkhälsan Research Center, Biomedicum Helsinki, University of Helsinki, Haartmaninkatu 8, P.O. Box 63, FIN-00014, Helsinki, Finland.
- Abdominal Center Nephrology, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland.
- Research Programs Unit, Diabetes and Obesity, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.
- Department of Diabetes, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.
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45
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Influence of smoking on levels of urinary 8-iso Prostaglandin F2α. Toxicol Rep 2018; 6:18-25. [PMID: 30519530 PMCID: PMC6260378 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxrep.2018.11.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2018] [Revised: 10/15/2018] [Accepted: 11/19/2018] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Cigarette smoking is an important modifiable risk factor for cardiovascular disease. Cigarette smoking affects oxidative stress markers such as 8-iso prostaglandin F2α. The effect of smoking on urinary 8-iso prostaglandin F2α levels was meta-analyzed. Urinary 8-iso prostaglandin F2α levels were increased in smokers.
Background To evaluate the reduced-risk potential of alternative tobacco products, biomarkers that are involved in the biological pathways affected by cigarette smoking and smoking cessation are needed. Isoprostanes, a measure of oxidative stress, appear to be influenced by smoking and reversible upon smoking cessation and therefore could be a good biomarker. This review aims at quantifying the effect of smoking and smoking cessation on levels of urinary 8-iso prostaglandin F2α (8-epi-PGF2α), an isoprostane. Methods PubMed and Scopus databases were searched for publications that reported 8-epi-PGF2α levels in smokers and nonsmokers as well as articles reporting the effect of smoking cessation on 8-epi-PGF2α levels. Results Eighteen studies assessing 8-epi-PGF2α levels by smoking status were identified. Five of the papers reported the results as quantity excreted in 24-hour urine (μg/24 h), and 15 reported creatinine adjusted values. The meta-analyses show increased levels of 8-epi-PGF2α in current smokers compared with nonsmokers (mean difference = 0.16, 95% confidence interval [95%CI]: 0.14–0.19 μg/24 h with inconsistency statistic [I2] = 98%; mean difference = 172.38, 95%CI: 152.75–192.01 pg/mg creatinine with I2 = 89%, respectively). There were too few publications to perform a meta-analysis assessing the effects of smoking cessation on 8-epi-PGF2α levels. Conclusions Due to the high heterogeneity among the studies included in these meta-analyses, it is difficult to generalize the results; however, our study indicates increased levels of 8-epi-PGF2α and therefore increased oxidative stress in smokers compared with nonsmokers. More studies are still needed to assess if 8-epi-PGF2α levels are reversible after cessation.
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Li J, Cui R, Eshak ES, Yamagishi K, Imano H, Muraki I, Hayama-Terada M, Kiyama M, Okada T, Iso H. Association of cigarette smoking with radial augmentation index: the Circulatory Risk in Communities Study (CIRCS). Hypertens Res 2018; 41:1054-1062. [DOI: 10.1038/s41440-018-0106-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2018] [Revised: 04/29/2018] [Accepted: 05/02/2018] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
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CD8+CD28+ T cells might mediate injury of cardiomyocytes in acute myocardial infarction. Mol Immunol 2018; 101:74-79. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molimm.2018.05.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2017] [Revised: 04/03/2018] [Accepted: 05/21/2018] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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Peng P, Li M, Liu H, Tian YR, Chu SL, Van Halm-Lutterodt N, Jing B, Jiang T. Brain Structure Alterations in Respect to Tobacco Consumption and Nicotine Dependence: A Comparative Voxel-Based Morphometry Study. Front Neuroanat 2018; 12:43. [PMID: 29881337 PMCID: PMC5978277 DOI: 10.3389/fnana.2018.00043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2017] [Accepted: 05/08/2018] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
The main purpose of this study is to examine the lifetime tobacco consumption and the degree of nicotine dependence related gray matter (GM) and white matter (WM) volume alterations in young adult-male smokers. Fifty-three long-term male smokers and 53 well-matched male healthy non-smokers participated in the study, and the smokers were respectively categorized into light and heavy tobacco consumption subgroups by pack-years and into moderate and severe nicotine dependence subgroups using the Fagerström Test for Nicotine Dependence (FTND). Voxel-based morphometry analysis was then performed, and ANCOVA analysis combined with subsequent post hoc test were used to explore the between-group brain volume abnormalities related to the smoking amount and nicotine dependence. Light and heavy smokers displayed smaller GM and WM volumes than non-smokers, while heavy smokers were found with more significant brain atrophy than light smokers in GM areas of precuneus, inferior and middle frontal gyrus, superior temporal gyrus, cerebellum anterior lobe and insula, and in WM areas of cerebellum anterior lobe. However, the contrary trend was observed regarding alterations associated with severity of nicotine dependence. Severe nicotine dependence smokers rather demonstrated less atrophy levels compared to moderate nicotine dependence smokers, especially in GM areas of precuneus, superior and middle temporal gyrus, middle occipital gyrus, posterior cingulate and insula, and in WM areas of precuneus, posterior cingulate, cerebellum anterior lobe and midbrain. The results reveal that the nicotine dependence displays a dissimilar effect on the brain volume in comparison to the cigarette consumption. Our study could provide new evidences to understand the adverse effects of smoking on the brain structure, which is helpful for further treatment of smokers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Peng
- Department of Radiology, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Min Li
- Department of Radiology, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Han Liu
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Ya-Ru Tian
- Department of Radiology, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Shui-Lian Chu
- Clinical Research Center, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Nicholas Van Halm-Lutterodt
- Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,Department of Orthopaedics and Neurosurgery, Keck Medical Center of USC, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Bin Jing
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Tao Jiang
- Department of Radiology, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
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The association between self-reported versus nicotine metabolite-confirmed smoking status and coronary artery calcification. Coron Artery Dis 2018; 29:254-261. [DOI: 10.1097/mca.0000000000000568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Al Rifai M, Martin SS, McEvoy JW, Nasir K, Blankstein R, Yeboah J, Miedema M, Shea SJ, Polak JF, Ouyang P, Blumenthal RS, Bittencourt M, Bensenor I, Santos RD, Duncan BB, Santos IS, Lotufo PA, Blaha MJ. The prevalence and correlates of subclinical atherosclerosis among adults with low-density lipoprotein cholesterol <70 mg/dL: The Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis (MESA) and Brazilian Longitudinal Study of Adult Health (ELSA-Brasil). Atherosclerosis 2018; 274:61-66. [PMID: 29751286 DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2018.04.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2018] [Revised: 04/10/2018] [Accepted: 04/18/2018] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS The prevalence and correlates of subclinical atherosclerosis when low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) levels are low remain unclear. Therefore, we examined the association of cardiovascular risk factors and subclinical atherosclerosis among individuals with untreated LDL-C <70 mg/dL. METHODS We included participants from the Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis (MESA) and the Brazilian Longitudinal Study of Adult Health (ELSA-Brasil) cohorts. To optimize accuracy, LDL-C was calculated by the validated Martin/Hopkins equation that uses an adjustable factor for the ratio of triglycerides to very low-density lipoprotein cholesterol. We defined subclinical atherosclerosis as a coronary artery calcium (CAC) score >0 in the combined cohort or common carotid intima media thickness (cIMT) in the 4th quartile, using cohort-specific cIMT distributions at baseline. Logistic regression models examined the cross-sectional associations of cardiovascular risk factors and subclinical atherosclerosis. RESULTS Among 9411 participants not on lipid lowering therapy, 263 (3%) had LDL-C <70 mg/dL (MESA: 206, ELSA: 57). Mean age in this population was 58 (SD 12) years, with 43% men, and 41% Black. The prevalence of CAC >0 in those with untreated LDL-C<70 mg/dL was 30%, and 18% were in 4th quartile of cIMT. In demographically adjusted models, only ever smoking was significantly associated with both CAC and cIMT. Similar results were obtained in risk factor-adjusted models (smoking: OR, 2.29; 95% CI, 1.10-4.80 and OR, 3.44; 95% CI, 1.41-8.37 for CAC and cIMT, respectively). CONCLUSIONS Among middle-aged to older individuals with untreated LDL-C <70 mg/dL, subclinical atherosclerosis remains moderately common and is associated with cigarette smoking.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahmoud Al Rifai
- The Johns Hopkins Ciccarone Center for Prevention of Heart Disease, Baltimore, MD, USA; Department of Internal Medicine, Kansas University School of Medicine, Wichita, KS, USA
| | - Seth S Martin
- The Johns Hopkins Ciccarone Center for Prevention of Heart Disease, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - John W McEvoy
- The Johns Hopkins Ciccarone Center for Prevention of Heart Disease, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Khurram Nasir
- The Johns Hopkins Ciccarone Center for Prevention of Heart Disease, Baltimore, MD, USA; Center for Prevention and Wellness, Baptist Health South Florida, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Ron Blankstein
- Departments of Medicine (Cardiovascular Division) and Radiology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Joseph Yeboah
- Department of Cardiology, Wake Forest Baptist Health, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
| | - Michael Miedema
- Minneapolis Heart Institute Foundation, Minneapolis, MS, USA
| | - Steven J Shea
- Departments of Medicine and Epidemiology, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Joseph F Polak
- Department of Radiology, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Pamela Ouyang
- Division of Cardiology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Roger S Blumenthal
- The Johns Hopkins Ciccarone Center for Prevention of Heart Disease, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Marcio Bittencourt
- Center for Clinical and Epidemiological Research, University Hospital, University of São Paulo School of Medicine, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Isabela Bensenor
- Center for Clinical and Epidemiological Research, University Hospital, University of São Paulo School of Medicine, São Paulo, Brazil; University of São Paulo School of Medicine, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Raul D Santos
- Center for Clinical and Epidemiological Research, University Hospital, University of São Paulo School of Medicine, São Paulo, Brazil; Lipid Clinic Heart Institute (InCor), University of São Paulo Medical School Hospital, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Bruce B Duncan
- Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Itamar S Santos
- Center for Clinical and Epidemiological Research, University Hospital, University of São Paulo School of Medicine, São Paulo, Brazil; University of São Paulo School of Medicine, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Paulo A Lotufo
- Center for Clinical and Epidemiological Research, University Hospital, University of São Paulo School of Medicine, São Paulo, Brazil; University of São Paulo School of Medicine, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Michael J Blaha
- The Johns Hopkins Ciccarone Center for Prevention of Heart Disease, Baltimore, MD, USA.
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