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Zhao Z, Li A, Zeng R, Zeng Z, Ou L, Cao J, Liu J. A CEBPB/miR-32-5p/GATA6 axis promotes vascular calcification in type 2 diabetes. Int J Biochem Cell Biol 2024; 173:106613. [PMID: 38909746 DOI: 10.1016/j.biocel.2024.106613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2024] [Revised: 06/12/2024] [Accepted: 06/13/2024] [Indexed: 06/25/2024]
Abstract
Vascular calcification in diabetes patients is a major independent risk factor for developing diabetic cardiovascular complications. However, the mechanisms by which diabetes leads to vascular calcification are complex and not yet fully understood. Our previous study revealed that miR-32-5p is a potential new diagnostic marker for coronary artery calcification. In this study, we found that miR-32-5p levels were significantly greater in the plasma of type 2 diabetes patients with coronary artery calcification and were positively correlated with the coronary artery calcification score. In type 2 diabetic mice, miR-32-5p levels were also elevated in the aorta, and knockout of miR-32-5p inhibited the osteogenic differentiation of vascular smooth muscle cells in vivo. Furthermore, overexpression of miR-32-5p promoted vascular smooth muscle cell calcification, while antagonism of miR-32-5p inhibited vascular smooth muscle cell calcification under high-glucose conditions. GATA binding protein 6 (GATA6) was identified as the key target gene through which miR-32-5p promotes vascular smooth muscle cell calcification. Overexpression of GATA6 antagonized the effects of miR-32-5p on vascular calcification. Additionally, high glucose levels were shown to induce the upregulation of miR-32-5p by activating CCAAT/enhancer binding protein beta (CEBPB). These results suggest that miR-32-5p is an important procalcification factor in vascular calcification associated with type 2 diabetes and identify the CEBPB/miR-32-5p/GATA6 axis as a potential biomarker and therapeutic target for preventing and treating vascular calcification in type 2 diabetes.
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MESH Headings
- Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/complications
- Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/metabolism
- Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/pathology
- Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/genetics
- MicroRNAs/genetics
- MicroRNAs/metabolism
- Vascular Calcification/metabolism
- Vascular Calcification/pathology
- Vascular Calcification/genetics
- Animals
- Humans
- Mice
- Male
- GATA6 Transcription Factor/metabolism
- GATA6 Transcription Factor/genetics
- CCAAT-Enhancer-Binding Protein-beta/metabolism
- CCAAT-Enhancer-Binding Protein-beta/genetics
- Myocytes, Smooth Muscle/metabolism
- Myocytes, Smooth Muscle/pathology
- Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/metabolism
- Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/pathology
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Middle Aged
- Female
- Mice, Knockout
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhibo Zhao
- Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, China
| | - Anqi Li
- Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, China
| | - Rong Zeng
- Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, China
| | - Zhaolin Zeng
- Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, China
| | - Linling Ou
- Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, China
| | - Jingsong Cao
- Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, China.
| | - Jianghua Liu
- Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, China.
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2
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Abdirashid M, Barbero U, Cavallino C, Maltese L, Bacci E, Reale D, Marengo G, De Benedictis M, Rametta F, Ugo F. Coronary Artery Calcium and Aging: Physiological Basis, Assessment, and Treatment Options in Percutaneous Coronary Intervention. J Cardiovasc Dev Dis 2024; 11:224. [PMID: 39057644 PMCID: PMC11277957 DOI: 10.3390/jcdd11070224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2024] [Revised: 06/26/2024] [Accepted: 06/27/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Coronary artery calcification is a complex anatomical and histological pathology with different pathways that contribute to calcium deposit and calcification progression. As part of the atherosclerotic process, extensive calcifications are becoming more common and are associated with poorer PCI outcomes if not properly addressed. Since no drug has shown to be effective in changing this process once it is started, proper knowledge of the underlying pathogenesis and how to diagnose and manage it is essential in contemporary coronary intervention. Atherosclerosis is a pandemic disease, quickly spreading across the world and not limited anymore to the industrialized Western world. In this paper, we review the role of intracoronary imaging and the main technologies available and propose a simple and rational algorithm for the choice of a preferential first strategy in the treatment of severely calcified coronary atherosclerosis, followed by three emblematic cases on how we successively applied it.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Umberto Barbero
- Santissima Annunziata Hospital, 12038 Savigliano, Italy; (U.B.)
| | | | | | | | | | - Giorgio Marengo
- Santissima Annunziata Hospital, 12038 Savigliano, Italy; (U.B.)
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3
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Li J, Lan T, Guo Q, Zhang C, Lu X, Hu X, Shen X, Zhang Y. Mitochondria-Targeted Natural Antioxidant Nanosystem for Diabetic Vascular Calcification Therapy. Biomacromolecules 2024; 25:4329-4343. [PMID: 38833553 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.4c00375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2024]
Abstract
The development of nanotherapy targeting mitochondria to alleviate oxidative stress is a critical therapeutic strategy for vascular calcification (VC) in diabetes. In this study, we engineered mitochondria-targeted nanodrugs (T4O@TPP/PEG-PLGA) utilizing terpinen-4-ol (T4O) as a natural antioxidant and mitochondrial protector, PEG-PLGA as the nanocarrier, and triphenylphosphine (TPP) as the mitochondrial targeting ligand. In vitro assessments demonstrated enhanced cellular uptake of T4O@TPP/PEG-PLGA, with effective mitochondrial targeting. This nanodrug successfully reduced oxidative stress induced by high glucose levels in vascular smooth muscle cells. In vivo studies showed prolonged retention of the nanomaterials in the thoracic aorta for up to 24 h. Importantly, experiments in diabetic VC models underscored the potent antioxidant properties of T4O@TPP/PEG-PLGA, as evidenced by its ability to mitigate VC and restore mitochondrial morphology. These results suggest that these nanodrugs could be a promising strategy for managing diabetic VC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinjin Li
- The Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guizhou Medical University, University Town, Guian New District, Guiyang 550025, Guizhou, China
- The State Key Laboratory of Functions and Applications of Medicinal Plants, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guizhou Medical University, University Town, Guian New District, Guiyang 550025, Guizhou, China
| | - Tianyu Lan
- The State Key Laboratory of Functions and Applications of Medicinal Plants, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guizhou Medical University, University Town, Guian New District, Guiyang 550025, Guizhou, China
- College of Ethnic Medicine, Guizhou Minzu University, Guiyang 550025, Guizhou, China
| | - Qianqian Guo
- The State Key Laboratory of Functions and Applications of Medicinal Plants, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guizhou Medical University, University Town, Guian New District, Guiyang 550025, Guizhou, China
- The Department of Pharmacology of Materia Medica (The High Efficacy Application of Natural Medicinal Resources Engineering Center of Guizhou Province, The Key Laboratory of Optimal Utilization of Natural Medicine Resources), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guizhou Medical University, University Town, Guian New District, Guiyang 550025, Guizhou, China
- The Guizhou Provincial Scientific and Technologic Innovation Base ([2023]003), Guizhou Medical University, University Town, Guian New District, Guiyang 550025, Guizhou, China
| | - Chuang Zhang
- The Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guizhou Medical University, University Town, Guian New District, Guiyang 550025, Guizhou, China
- The State Key Laboratory of Functions and Applications of Medicinal Plants, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guizhou Medical University, University Town, Guian New District, Guiyang 550025, Guizhou, China
| | - Xin Lu
- The State Key Laboratory of Functions and Applications of Medicinal Plants, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guizhou Medical University, University Town, Guian New District, Guiyang 550025, Guizhou, China
| | - Xiaoxia Hu
- The State Key Laboratory of Functions and Applications of Medicinal Plants, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guizhou Medical University, University Town, Guian New District, Guiyang 550025, Guizhou, China
- The Department of Pharmacology of Materia Medica (The High Efficacy Application of Natural Medicinal Resources Engineering Center of Guizhou Province, The Key Laboratory of Optimal Utilization of Natural Medicine Resources), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guizhou Medical University, University Town, Guian New District, Guiyang 550025, Guizhou, China
- The Guizhou Provincial Scientific and Technologic Innovation Base ([2023]003), Guizhou Medical University, University Town, Guian New District, Guiyang 550025, Guizhou, China
| | - Xiangchun Shen
- The State Key Laboratory of Functions and Applications of Medicinal Plants, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guizhou Medical University, University Town, Guian New District, Guiyang 550025, Guizhou, China
- The Department of Pharmacology of Materia Medica (The High Efficacy Application of Natural Medicinal Resources Engineering Center of Guizhou Province, The Key Laboratory of Optimal Utilization of Natural Medicine Resources), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guizhou Medical University, University Town, Guian New District, Guiyang 550025, Guizhou, China
- The Guizhou Provincial Scientific and Technologic Innovation Base ([2023]003), Guizhou Medical University, University Town, Guian New District, Guiyang 550025, Guizhou, China
| | - Yanyan Zhang
- The State Key Laboratory of Functions and Applications of Medicinal Plants, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guizhou Medical University, University Town, Guian New District, Guiyang 550025, Guizhou, China
- The Department of Pharmacology of Materia Medica (The High Efficacy Application of Natural Medicinal Resources Engineering Center of Guizhou Province, The Key Laboratory of Optimal Utilization of Natural Medicine Resources), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guizhou Medical University, University Town, Guian New District, Guiyang 550025, Guizhou, China
- The Guizhou Provincial Scientific and Technologic Innovation Base ([2023]003), Guizhou Medical University, University Town, Guian New District, Guiyang 550025, Guizhou, China
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4
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Chait A, Eckel RH, Vrablik M, Zambon A. Lipid-lowering in diabetes: An update. Atherosclerosis 2024; 394:117313. [PMID: 37945448 DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2023.117313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2023] [Revised: 09/11/2023] [Accepted: 09/22/2023] [Indexed: 11/12/2023]
Abstract
Atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) is accelerated in people with diabetes. Dyslipidemia, hyperglycemia, oxidative stress, and inflammation play a role via a variety of mechanisms operative in the artery wall. In addition, some unique features predispose people with type 1 diabetes to accelerated atherosclerosis. Various organizations have created guidelines that provide advice regarding screening, risk assessment, and roadmaps for treatment to prevent ASCVD in diabetes. Management of dyslipidemia, especially with statins, has proven to be of immense benefit in the prevention of clinical CVD. However, since many patients fail to attain the low levels of low-density lipoproteins (LDL) recommended in these guidelines, supplemental therapy, such as the addition of ezetimibe, bempedoic acid or PCSK9 inhibitors, is often required to reach LDL goals. As a result, the upfront use of combination therapies, particularly a statin plus ezetimibe, is a rational initial approach. The addition to statins of drugs that specifically lower triglyceride levels has not proven beneficial, although the addition of icosapent-ethyl has been shown to be of value, likely by mechanisms independent of triglyceride lowering. Newer treatments in development, including apoC-III and ANGPTL3 inhibitors, seem promising in further reducing apoB-containing lipoproteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alan Chait
- Division of Metabolism, Endocrinology and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, WA, USA
| | - Robert H Eckel
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Diabetes, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, 80045, USA
| | - Michal Vrablik
- 3rd Department of Internal Medicine, General University Hospital and 1st Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Alberto Zambon
- Department of Medicine - DIMED, University of Padova, and IRCCS Multimedica Milan, Italy.
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5
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Luciani L, Pedrelli M, Parini P. Modification of lipoprotein metabolism and function driving atherogenesis in diabetes. Atherosclerosis 2024; 394:117545. [PMID: 38688749 DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2024.117545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2023] [Revised: 03/18/2024] [Accepted: 04/10/2024] [Indexed: 05/02/2024]
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a chronic metabolic disease, characterized by raised blood glucose levels and impaired lipid metabolism resulting from insulin resistance and relative insulin deficiency. In diabetes, the peculiar plasma lipoprotein phenotype, consisting in higher levels of apolipoprotein B-containing lipoproteins, hypertriglyceridemia, low levels of HDL cholesterol, elevated number of small, dense LDL, and increased non-HDL cholesterol, results from an increased synthesis and impaired clearance of triglyceride rich lipoproteins. This condition accelerates the development of the atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD), the most common cause of death in T2DM patients. Here, we review the alteration of structure, functions, and distribution of circulating lipoproteins and the pathophysiological mechanisms that induce these modifications in T2DM. The review analyzes the influence of diabetes-associated metabolic imbalances throughout the entire process of the atherosclerotic plaque formation, from lipoprotein synthesis to potential plaque destabilization. Addressing the different pathophysiological mechanisms, we suggest improved approaches for assessing the risk of adverse cardiovascular events and clinical strategies to reduce cardiovascular risk in T2DM and cardiometabolic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorenzo Luciani
- Cardio Metabolic Unit, Department of Laboratory Medicine, and Department of Medicine at Huddinge, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Interdisciplinary Center for Health Sciences, Sant'Anna School of Advanced Studies, Pisa, Italy
| | - Matteo Pedrelli
- Cardio Metabolic Unit, Department of Laboratory Medicine, and Department of Medicine at Huddinge, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Medicine Unit of Endocrinology, Theme Inflammation and Ageing, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Paolo Parini
- Cardio Metabolic Unit, Department of Laboratory Medicine, and Department of Medicine at Huddinge, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Medicine Unit of Endocrinology, Theme Inflammation and Ageing, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden.
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6
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Zhu XG, Liu GQ, Peng YP, Zhang LL, Wang XJ, Chen LC, Zheng YX, Qiao R, Xiang XJ, Lin XH. Exploring the mediating role of calcium homeostasis in the association between diabetes mellitus, glycemic traits, and vascular and valvular calcifications: a comprehensive Mendelian randomization analysis. Diabetol Metab Syndr 2024; 16:136. [PMID: 38907296 PMCID: PMC11193216 DOI: 10.1186/s13098-024-01383-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2024] [Accepted: 06/13/2024] [Indexed: 06/23/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The interplay between diabetes mellitus (DM), glycemic traits, and vascular and valvular calcifications is intricate and multifactorial. Exploring potential mediators may illuminate underlying pathways and identify novel therapeutic targets. METHODS We utilized univariable and multivariable Mendelian randomization (MR) analyses to investigate associations and mediation effects. Additionally, the multivariable MR analyses incorporated cardiometabolic risk factors, allowing us to account for potential confounders. RESULTS Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) were positively associated with both coronary artery calcification (CAC) and calcific aortic valvular stenosis (CAVS). However, fasting glucose (FG) was only linked to CAVS and showed no association with CAC. Additionally, CAVS demonstrated a causal effect on FG. Calcium levels partially mediated the impact of T2DM on both types of calcifications. Specifically, serum calcium was positively associated with both CAC and CAVS. The mediation effects of calcium levels on the impact of T2DM on CAC and CAVS were 6.063% and 3.939%, respectively. The associations between T2DM and HbA1c with calcifications were influenced by body mass index (BMI) and smoking status. However, these associations were generally reduced after adjusting for hypertension. CONCLUSION Our findings suggest a genetically supported causal relationship between DM, glycemic traits, and vascular and valvular calcifications, with serum calcium playing a critical mediating role.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xian-Guan Zhu
- Department of Cardiology, Anqing Municipal Hospital, Anqing, 246000, Anhui, China.
| | - Gui-Qin Liu
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230000, Anhui, China
| | - Ya-Ping Peng
- Department of Cardiology, Anqing Municipal Hospital, Anqing, 246000, Anhui, China
- Graduate School, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, 241002, Anhui, China
| | - Li-Ling Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, Anqing Municipal Hospital, Anqing, 246000, Anhui, China
| | - Xian-Jin Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Anqing Municipal Hospital, Anqing, 246000, Anhui, China
| | - Liang-Chuan Chen
- Department of Cardiology, Anqing Municipal Hospital, Anqing, 246000, Anhui, China
| | - Yuan-Xi Zheng
- Department of Cardiology, Anqing Municipal Hospital, Anqing, 246000, Anhui, China
| | - Rui Qiao
- Department of Cardiology, Anqing Municipal Hospital, Anqing, 246000, Anhui, China
- Graduate School, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, 241002, Anhui, China
| | - Xue-Jun Xiang
- Department of Cardiology, Anqing Municipal Hospital, Anqing, 246000, Anhui, China.
| | - Xian-He Lin
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230000, Anhui, China.
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7
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Xie F, Liu B, Qiao W, He JZ, Cheng J, Wang ZY, Hou YM, Zhang X, Xu BH, Zhang Y, Chen YG, Zhang MX. Smooth muscle NF90 deficiency ameliorates diabetic atherosclerotic calcification in male mice via FBXW7-AGER1-AGEs axis. Nat Commun 2024; 15:4985. [PMID: 38862515 PMCID: PMC11166998 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-49315-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2023] [Accepted: 05/28/2024] [Indexed: 06/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Hyperglycemia accelerates calcification of atherosclerotic plaques in diabetic patients, and the accumulation of advanced glycation end products (AGEs) is closely related to the atherosclerotic calcification. Here, we show that hyperglycemia-mediated AGEs markedly increase vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) NF90/110 activation in male diabetic patients with atherosclerotic calcified samples. VSMC-specific NF90/110 knockout in male mice decreases obviously AGEs-induced atherosclerotic calcification, along with the inhibitions of VSMC phenotypic changes to osteoblast-like cells, apoptosis, and matrix vesicle release. Mechanistically, AGEs increase the activity of NF90, which then enhances ubiquitination and degradation of AGE receptor 1 (AGER1) by stabilizing the mRNA of E3 ubiquitin ligase FBXW7, thus causing the accumulation of more AGEs and atherosclerotic calcification. Collectively, our study demonstrates the effects of VSMC NF90 in mediating the metabolic imbalance of AGEs to accelerate diabetic atherosclerotic calcification. Therefore, inhibition of VSMC NF90 may be a potential therapeutic target for diabetic atherosclerotic calcification.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Male
- Mice
- Glycation End Products, Advanced/metabolism
- Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/metabolism
- Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/pathology
- Mice, Knockout
- Atherosclerosis/metabolism
- Atherosclerosis/genetics
- Atherosclerosis/pathology
- Humans
- F-Box-WD Repeat-Containing Protein 7/metabolism
- F-Box-WD Repeat-Containing Protein 7/genetics
- Myocytes, Smooth Muscle/metabolism
- Myocytes, Smooth Muscle/pathology
- Nuclear Factor 90 Proteins/metabolism
- Nuclear Factor 90 Proteins/genetics
- Receptor for Advanced Glycation End Products/metabolism
- Receptor for Advanced Glycation End Products/genetics
- Vascular Calcification/metabolism
- Vascular Calcification/pathology
- Vascular Calcification/genetics
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Ubiquitination
- Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental/metabolism
- Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental/complications
- Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental/genetics
- Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental/pathology
- Hyperglycemia/metabolism
- Hyperglycemia/genetics
- Plaque, Atherosclerotic/metabolism
- Plaque, Atherosclerotic/pathology
- Plaque, Atherosclerotic/genetics
- Apoptosis
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Xie
- The Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodelling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education and Chinese Ministry of Public Health, Department of Cardiology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
- Department of Emergency and Chest Pain Center, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Bin Liu
- The Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodelling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education and Chinese Ministry of Public Health, Department of Cardiology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
- Department of Emergency and Chest Pain Center, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Wen Qiao
- The Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodelling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education and Chinese Ministry of Public Health, Department of Cardiology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Jing-Zhen He
- Department of Radiology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Jie Cheng
- The Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodelling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education and Chinese Ministry of Public Health, Department of Cardiology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Zhao-Yang Wang
- Department of Cardiology of Shandong Provincial Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Ya-Min Hou
- The Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodelling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education and Chinese Ministry of Public Health, Department of Cardiology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Xu Zhang
- The Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodelling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education and Chinese Ministry of Public Health, Department of Cardiology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Bo-Han Xu
- The Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodelling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education and Chinese Ministry of Public Health, Department of Cardiology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Yun Zhang
- The Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodelling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education and Chinese Ministry of Public Health, Department of Cardiology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China.
| | - Yu-Guo Chen
- The Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodelling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education and Chinese Ministry of Public Health, Department of Cardiology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China.
- Department of Emergency and Chest Pain Center, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China.
| | - Ming-Xiang Zhang
- The Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodelling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education and Chinese Ministry of Public Health, Department of Cardiology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China.
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8
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Oliveri F, Van Oort MJH, Al Amri I, Bingen BO, Van der Kley F, Jukema JW, Jurado-Roman A, Montero Cabezas J. Coronary calcified nodules versus nonnodular coronary calcifications: a systematic review and meta-analysis. J Cardiovasc Med (Hagerstown) 2024; 25:438-449. [PMID: 38818813 DOI: 10.2459/jcm.0000000000001625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) on severely calcified coronary lesions is challenging. Coronary calcified nodule (CN) refers to an eccentric and protruding coronary calcification associated with plaque vulnerability and adverse clinical events. This study aims to conduct an extensive review of CNs, focusing on its prognostic impact in comparison with nonnodular coronary calcification (N-CN). METHOD A systematic literature review on PubMed, MEDLINE, and EMBASE databases was conducted for relevant articles. Observational studies or randomized controlled trials comparing CNs and N-CNs were included. RESULTS Five studies comparing CNs and N-CNs were pertinent for inclusion. The total number of individuals across these studies was 1456. There were no significant differences in the baseline demographic, clinical, and angiographic data between the CN and N-CN groups. Intracoronary imaging was always utilized. At follow-up, CNs were associated with significantly increased, target vessel revascularization [odds ratio (OR) 2.16; 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.39-3.36, P-value < 0.01, I2 = 0%] and stent thrombosis (OR 9.29; 95% CI: 1.67-51.79, P-value = 0.01, I2 = 0%) compared with N-CN. A trend for greater cardiac death was also assessed in the CN group (OR 1.75; 95% CI: 0.98-3.13, P-value = 0.06, I2 = 0%). CONCLUSION CN has a significantly negative impact on outcomes when compared with N-CN.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Oliveri
- Department of Cardiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
- Department of Cardiology, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - M J H Van Oort
- Department of Cardiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - I Al Amri
- Department of Cardiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - B O Bingen
- Department of Cardiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - F Van der Kley
- Department of Cardiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - J W Jukema
- Department of Cardiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
- Netherlands Heart Institute, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - A Jurado-Roman
- Department of Cardiology, Hospital Universitario La Paz, Madrid, Spain
| | - J Montero Cabezas
- Department of Cardiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
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9
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Zhu W, Liu Q, Liu F, Jiao C, Zhang L, Xie H. High remnant cholesterol as a risk factor for developing chronic kidney disease in patients with prediabetes and type 2 diabetes: a cross-sectional study of a US population. Acta Diabetol 2024; 61:735-743. [PMID: 38436703 PMCID: PMC11101368 DOI: 10.1007/s00592-024-02249-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2023] [Accepted: 01/29/2024] [Indexed: 03/05/2024]
Abstract
AIMS To examine any potential links between remnant cholesterol (RC) and comorbid chronic kidney disease (CKD) in individuals with prediabetes and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). METHODS We used data from 2709 American people aged > 20 years from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) during 2011-2018. Subjects were categorized according to whether they had comorbid CKD. Logistic regression models and smoothed curve fitting methods were employed to assess the association of RC with comorbid CKD in patients with prediabetes and T2DM. RESULTS The 2709 participants included 1473 patients with T2DM and 1236 with prediabetes [impaired glucose tolerance (IGT) and impaired fasting glucose (IFG)], of whom 744 (27.46%) had comorbid CKD. In multivariate-adjusted analysis, both RC and triglycerides (TG) were significantly associated with an increased risk of comorbid CKD, and a 1 mmol/L elevation of RC increased the risk by 38.1% [OR (95% CI) 1.636 (1.242, 2.156)], which was higher than the risk associated with a 1 mmol/L increase in TG [1.255 (1.106, 1.424)]. Additionally, those in the highest quartile of RC had a 43.6% higher risk of concomitant renal damage than those in the lowest quartile. RC was linearly and positively associated with the incidence of comorbid CKD in this population. CONCLUSIONS RC is an independent risk factor for comorbid CKD in patients with prediabetes and T2DM. This finding provides a novel insight into the management and early detection of renal disease in patients with impaired glucose metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenting Zhu
- National Clinical Research Center of Kidney Diseases, Jinling Hospital, Nanjing Medical Univerisity, Nanjing, 210016, China
| | - Qiushi Liu
- The Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
- Institute of Urology and Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Genitourinary Diseases, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Fang Liu
- National Clinical Research Center of Kidney Diseases, Jinling Hospital, Nanjing Medical Univerisity, Nanjing, 210016, China
| | - Chenfeng Jiao
- National Clinical Research Center of Kidney Diseases, Jinling Hospital, Nanjing Medical Univerisity, Nanjing, 210016, China
| | - Lihua Zhang
- National Clinical Research Center of Kidney Diseases, Jinling Hospital, Nanjing Medical Univerisity, Nanjing, 210016, China
| | - Honglang Xie
- National Clinical Research Center of Kidney Diseases, Jinling Hospital, Nanjing Medical Univerisity, Nanjing, 210016, China.
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10
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Ding P, Yue W, Wang X, Zhang Y, Liu Y, Guo X. Effects of sugary drinks, coffee, tea and fruit juice on incidence rate, mortality and cardiovascular complications of type2 diabetes patients: a systematic review and meta-analysis. J Diabetes Metab Disord 2024; 23:1113-1123. [PMID: 38932853 PMCID: PMC11196440 DOI: 10.1007/s40200-024-01396-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2023] [Accepted: 02/05/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024]
Abstract
Aims Despite more and more studies indicate that beverages play an important role in type 2 diabetes mellitus(T2DM), the efficacy of intaking different beverages for T2DM has not been clearly stated in one article. The meta-analysis was performed, which aims to assess the effects of beverages on mortality and cardiovascular complications in patients with type 2 diabetes and the incidence of T2DM. Method PubMed, Embase, Web of Science and Cochrane Library databases were search up to March, 2023 to identify relevant studies, including studies researching beverage consumption, the incidence and mortality of T2DM and incidence of cardiovascular disease, a kind of complication of T2DM. The way to explore the source of heterogeneity is performing subgroup analyses and sensitivity analyses. Funnel plots and Egger's regression test were performed to assess publication bias. The Hazard ratio (HR) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs) were used to analysis the results. Fifteen observational studies were included in our meta-analysis. Results Fifteen eligible articles were included sugar-sweetened beverages(SSB) consumption increased the mortality and incidence of T2DM ( Hazard ratio (HR), 1.20; 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.05-1.38; P = 0.01 and HR, 1.15; 95% CI,1.06-1.24; P = 0.001), respectively. Artificially-sweetened beverages (ASB) consumption was not associated with the mortality and incidence of T2DM (HR,0.96;95%CI, 0.86-1.07; P = 0.464 and HR, 1.15; 95% CI,1.05-1.26; P = 0.003), respectively. Fruit juice consumption increased the incidence of T2DM (HR,1.08;95%CI,1.02-1.14, P = 0.296).Tea or coffee consumption can reduce the incidence of T2DM (HR, 0.89; 95%CI,0.81-0.98; P = 0.016). Tea or coffee consumption was associated with a lower risk of mortality of T2DM (HR,0.84; 95% Cl, 0.75-0.94; P = 0.002 and HR,0.75; 95% CI, 0.65-0.87; P < 0.001), respectively. Additionally, beverage consumption was not associated with cardiovascular disease in T2DM patients (HR,1.03; 95% Cl, 0.82-1.30, P > 0.05). Conclusions High consumption of SSBs led to a higher risk and mortality of T2DM, while high consumption of coffee or tea showed significant associations with a lower risk of the incidence and mortality of T2DM. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s40200-024-01396-5.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ping Ding
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, No. 988 hospital of The PLA Joint Logistic Support Force (PLAJLSF), Zhengzhou, 450000 China
| | - Wei Yue
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, No. 988 hospital of The PLA Joint Logistic Support Force (PLAJLSF), Zhengzhou, 450000 China
| | - Xu Wang
- School of Clinical Medicine, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450000 China
| | - Yuqing Zhang
- School of Clinical Medicine, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450000 China
| | - Yuxiang Liu
- School of Clinical Medicine, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450000 China
| | - Xiaofeng Guo
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, No. 988 hospital of The PLA Joint Logistic Support Force (PLAJLSF), Zhengzhou, 450000 China
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11
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Balgobin S, Basak S, Teoh CW, Noone D. Hypertension in diabetes. Pediatr Nephrol 2024; 39:1739-1758. [PMID: 37831122 DOI: 10.1007/s00467-023-06163-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2023] [Revised: 09/01/2023] [Accepted: 09/01/2023] [Indexed: 10/14/2023]
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus, a disease that affects hundreds of millions of people worldwide, is increasing in prevalence in all age groups, including children and adolescents. Much of the morbidity and mortality associated with diabetes is closely related to hypertension, often coincident with diabetes. Comorbid hypertension and diabetes often worsen the outcomes of each other, likely rooted in some overlapping pathogenic mechanisms. In this educational review, we will discuss the shared pathophysiology of diabetes and hypertension, particularly in regard to inflammation and oxidative stress, the sympathetic nervous system, vascular remodeling, and the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS). We will also review current hypertension diagnosis and management guidelines from many international jurisdictions for both adult and paediatric populations in the setting of diabetes. Many of these guidelines highlight the use and utility of RAAS blockers in this clinical scenario; however, on review of the evidence for their use, several meta-analyses and systematic reviews fail to demonstrate superiority of RAAS blockers over other anti-hypertensive medications. Finally, we discuss several new anti-hypertensive medications, review their mechanisms of action, and highlight some of the evidence for their use in the setting of hypertension and diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steve Balgobin
- Division of Paediatric Nephrology, The Hospital for Sick Children, 555 University Avenue, Toronto, M5G 1X8, Canada
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Sanjukta Basak
- Pediatric Endocrinologist, BC Children's Hospital, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- Division of Endocrinology & Metabolism, Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Chia Wei Teoh
- Division of Paediatric Nephrology, The Hospital for Sick Children, 555 University Avenue, Toronto, M5G 1X8, Canada
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Damien Noone
- Division of Paediatric Nephrology, The Hospital for Sick Children, 555 University Avenue, Toronto, M5G 1X8, Canada.
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada.
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12
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Mszar R, Katz ME, Grandhi GR, Osei AD, Gallo A, Blaha MJ. Subclinical Atherosclerosis to Guide Treatment in Dyslipidemia and Diabetes Mellitus. Curr Atheroscler Rep 2024; 26:217-230. [PMID: 38662272 DOI: 10.1007/s11883-024-01202-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/03/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Dyslipidemia and type 2 diabetes mellitus are two common conditions that are associated with an increased risk of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD). In this review, we aimed to provide an in-depth and contemporary review of non-invasive approaches to assess subclinical atherosclerotic burden, predict cardiovascular risk, and guide appropriate treatment strategies. We focused this paper on two main imaging modalities: coronary artery calcium (CAC) score and computed tomography coronary angiography. RECENT FINDINGS Recent longitudinal studies have provided stronger evidence on the relationship between increased CAC, thoracic aorta calcification, and risk of cardiovascular events among those with primary hypercholesterolemia, highlighting the beneficial role of statin therapy. Interestingly, resilient profiles of individuals not exhibiting atherosclerosis despite dyslipidemia have been described. Non-conventional markers of dyslipidemia have also been associated with increased subclinical atherosclerosis presence and burden, highlighting the contribution of apolipoprotein B-100 (apoB)-rich lipoprotein particles, such as remnant cholesterol and lipoprotein(a), to the residual risk of individuals on-target for low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) goals. Regarding type 2 diabetes mellitus, variability in atherosclerotic burden has also been found, and CAC testing has shown significant predictive value in stratifying cardiovascular risk. Non-invasive assessment of subclinical atherosclerosis can help reveal the continuum of ASCVD risk in those with dyslipidemia and diabetes mellitus and can inform personalized strategies for cardiovascular disease prevention in the primary prevention setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reed Mszar
- Department of Chronic Disease Epidemiology, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Miriam E Katz
- School of Medicine, New York Medical College, Valhalla, NY, USA
| | - Gowtham R Grandhi
- Virginia Commonwealth University Health Pauley Heart Center, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - Albert D Osei
- Division of Cardiology, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Antonio Gallo
- Department of Nutrition, Lipidology and Cardiovascular Prevention Unit, APHP, INSERM UMR1166, Hôpital Pitié-Salpètriêre, Sorbonne Université, Paris, France
| | - Michael J Blaha
- Ciccarone Center for the Prevention of Cardiovascular Disease, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA.
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13
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Yang Y, Yu T, Niu Z, Gao L. The predictive value of plasma uridine for type 2 diabetes and its atherosclerotic complications. Endocr Connect 2024; 13:e240075. [PMID: 38657664 PMCID: PMC11227051 DOI: 10.1530/ec-24-0075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2024] [Accepted: 04/24/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024]
Abstract
Objective Uridine might be a common link between pathological pathways in diabetes and cardiovascular diseases. This study aimed to investigate the predictive value of plasma uridine for type 2 diabetes (T2D) and T2D with atherosclerosis. Methods Individuals with T2D and healthy controls (n = 218) were randomly enrolled in a cross-sectional study. Patients with T2D were divided into two groups based on carotid ultrasound: patients with carotid atherosclerosis (CA) (group DCA) and patients without CA (group D). Plasma uridine was determined using HPLC-MS/MS. Correlation and logistic regression analyses were used to analyze the results. Results Fasting and postprandial uridine were significantly increased in patients with T2D compared with healthy individuals. Logistic regression suggested that fasting and postprandial uridine were independent risk factors for T2D. The receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve showed that fasting uridine had a predictive value on T2D (95% CI, 0.686-0.863, sensitivity 74.3%, specificity 71.8%). Fasting uridine was positively correlated with LDL-c, FBG, and PBG and negatively correlated with fasting C-peptide (CP-0h) and HOMA-IS. The change in postprandial uridine from fasting baseline (Δuridine) was smaller in T2D patients with CA compared with those without (0.80 (0.04-2.46) vs 2.01 (0.49-3.15), P = 0.010). Δuridine was also associated with T2D with CA and negatively correlated with BMI, CP-0h, and HOMA-IR. Conclusion Fasting uridine has potential as a predictor of diabetes. Δuridine is closely associated with carotid atherosclerosis in patients with T2D.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yueyuan Yang
- Department of Endocrinology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Tingting Yu
- Department of Radiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Zhili Niu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Institute of translational medicine, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Ling Gao
- Department of Endocrinology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
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14
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Suzuki K, Kinoshita D, Niida T, Yuki H, Fujimoto D, Dey D, Lee H, McNulty I, Takano M, Mizuno K, Ferencik M, Kakuta T, Jang IK. Computed Tomography Angiography Characteristics of Thin-Cap Fibroatheroma in Patients With Diabetes. J Am Heart Assoc 2024; 13:e033639. [PMID: 38742509 PMCID: PMC11179821 DOI: 10.1161/jaha.123.033639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2023] [Accepted: 03/29/2024] [Indexed: 05/16/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND It was recently reported that thin-cap fibroatheroma (TCFA) detected by optical coherence tomography was an independent predictor of future cardiac events in patients with diabetes. However, the clinical usefulness of this finding is limited by the invasive nature of optical coherence tomography. Computed tomography angiography (CTA) characteristics of TCFA have not been systematically studied. The aim of this study was to investigate CTA characteristics of TCFA in patients with diabetes. METHODS AND RESULTS Patients with diabetes who underwent preintervention CTA and optical coherence tomography were included. Qualitative and quantitative analyses were performed for plaques on CTA. TCFA was assessed by optical coherence tomography. Among 366 plaques in 145 patients with diabetes, 111 plaques had TCFA. The prevalence of positive remodeling (74.8% versus 50.6%, P<0.001), low attenuation plaque (63.1% versus 33.7%, P<0.001), napkin-ring sign (32.4% versus 11.0%, P<0.001), and spotty calcification (55.0% versus 34.9%, P<0.001) was significantly higher in TCFA than in non-TCFA. Low-density noncalcified plaque volume (25.4 versus 15.7 mm3, P<0.001) and remodeling index (1.30 versus 1.20, P=0.002) were higher in TCFA than in non-TCFA. The presence of napkin-ring sign, spotty calcification, high low-density noncalcified plaque volume, and high remodeling index were independent predictors of TCFA. When all 4 predictors were present, the probability of TCFA increased to 82.4%. CONCLUSIONS The combined qualitative and quantitative plaque analysis of CTA may be helpful in identifying TCFA in patients with diabetes. REGISTRATION INFORMATION URL: https://www.clinicaltrials.gov; Unique identifier: NCT04523194.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keishi Suzuki
- Cardiology Division, Massachusetts General Hospital Harvard Medical School Boston MA USA
| | - Daisuke Kinoshita
- Cardiology Division, Massachusetts General Hospital Harvard Medical School Boston MA USA
| | - Takayuki Niida
- Cardiology Division, Massachusetts General Hospital Harvard Medical School Boston MA USA
| | - Haruhito Yuki
- Cardiology Division, Massachusetts General Hospital Harvard Medical School Boston MA USA
| | - Daichi Fujimoto
- Cardiology Division, Massachusetts General Hospital Harvard Medical School Boston MA USA
| | - Damini Dey
- Biomedical Imaging Research Institute Cedars-Sinai Medical Center Los Angeles CA USA
| | - Hang Lee
- Biostatistics Center, Massachusetts General Hospital Harvard Medical School Boston MA USA
| | - Iris McNulty
- Cardiology Division, Massachusetts General Hospital Harvard Medical School Boston MA USA
| | - Masamichi Takano
- Cardiovascular Center Nippon Medical School Chiba Hokusoh Hospital Inzai Chiba Japan
| | | | - Maros Ferencik
- Knight Cardiovascular Institute Oregon Health and Science University Portland OR USA
| | - Tsunekazu Kakuta
- Department of Cardiology Tsuchiura Kyodo General Hospital Tsuchiura Ibaraki Japan
| | - Ik-Kyung Jang
- Cardiology Division, Massachusetts General Hospital Harvard Medical School Boston MA USA
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15
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周 铎, 杨 德. [miRNA Is Involved in the Pathogenesis of Multiple Diseases by Targeting Osteoprotegerin]. SICHUAN DA XUE XUE BAO. YI XUE BAN = JOURNAL OF SICHUAN UNIVERSITY. MEDICAL SCIENCE EDITION 2024; 55:777-782. [PMID: 38948285 PMCID: PMC11211783 DOI: 10.12182/20240560607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2024] [Indexed: 07/02/2024]
Abstract
As a member of the tumor necrosis factor receptor family, osteoprotegerin (OPG) is highly expressed in adults in the lung, heart, kidney, liver, spleen, thymus, prostate, ovary, small intestines, thyroid gland, lymph nodes, trachea, adrenal gland, the testis, and bone marrow. Together with the receptor activator of nuclear factor-κB (RANK) and the receptor activator of nuclear factor-κB ligand (RANKL), it forms the RANK/RANKL/OPG pathway, which plays an important role in the molecular mechanism of the development of various diseases. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are a class of endogenous non-coding RNAs performing regulatory functions in eukaryotes, with a size of about 20-25 nucleotides. miRNA genes are transcribed into primary transcripts by RNA polymerase, bind to RNA-induced silencing complexes, identify target mRNAs through complementary base pairing, with a single miRNA being capable of targeting hundreds of mRNAs, and influence the expression of many genes through pathways involved in functional interactions. In recent years, a large number of studies have been done to explore the mechanism of action of miRNA in diseases through miRNA isolation, miRNA quantification, miRNA spectrum analysis, miRNA target detection, in vitro and in vivo regulation of miRNA levels, and other technologies. It was found that miRNA can play a key role in the pathogenesis of osteoporosis, rheumatoid arthritis, and other diseases by targeting OPG. The purpose of this review is to explore the interaction between miRNA and OPG in various diseases, and to propose new ideas for studying the mechanism of action of OPG in diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- 铎 周
- 重庆医科大学附属口腔医院 牙体牙髓科 (重庆 401147)Department of Endodontics, Stomatological Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 401147, China
- 口腔疾病与生物医学重庆市重点实验室 (重庆 401147)Chongqing Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and Biomedical Sciences, Chongqing 401147, China
- 重庆市高校市级口腔生物医学工程重点实验室(重庆 401147)Chongqing Municipal Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Engineering of Higher Education, Chongqing 401147, China
| | - 德琴 杨
- 重庆医科大学附属口腔医院 牙体牙髓科 (重庆 401147)Department of Endodontics, Stomatological Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 401147, China
- 口腔疾病与生物医学重庆市重点实验室 (重庆 401147)Chongqing Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and Biomedical Sciences, Chongqing 401147, China
- 重庆市高校市级口腔生物医学工程重点实验室(重庆 401147)Chongqing Municipal Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Engineering of Higher Education, Chongqing 401147, China
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16
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Yaliqin N, Aimaier S, Adi D, Ma YT, Yu ZX. Impact of Duration of Diabetes Mellitus on Long-Term Outcome in Type 2 Diabetic Patients with Primary Percutaneous Coronary Intervention after the First Myocardial Infarction. Cardiology 2024:1-17. [PMID: 38763137 DOI: 10.1159/000538032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2023] [Accepted: 02/21/2024] [Indexed: 05/21/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Diabetes mellitus (DM) increases the risk of mortality in patients with acute myocardial infarction (AMI). The impact of the diabetes duration on the long-term outcome of those with percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) after the first AMI is unclear. In this study, we evaluated the predictive value of diabetes duration in the occurrence of major adverse cardiovascular and cerebrovascular events (MACCEs). METHODS A total of 394 type 2 DM patients with PCI after the first AMI were enrolled and were divided into two groups by the diabetes duration: a short-DM group with diabetes duration of <5 years and a long-DM group with a duration of ≥5 years. The clinical endpoint was MACCEs. RESULTS Multivariate Cox regression analysis found that the diabetes duration was independently associated with increased occurrence of MACCEs (HR: 1.512, 95% CI: 1.033, 2.215, p = 0.034), along with hypertension, Killip class III or IV, creatinine, multivessel disease, and continuous hypoglycemic therapy. After adjusting for the confounding variables, a nested Cox model showed that diabetes duration was still an independent risk factor of MACCEs (HR: 1.963, 95% CI: 1.376, 2.801, p < 0.001). The Kaplan-Meier survival curve illustrated a significantly high risk of MACCEs (HR: 2.045, p < 0.0001) in long-duration DM patients. After propensity score matching, a longer diabetes duration was associated with an increased risk of MACCE occurrence. CONCLUSION Long-duration diabetes was independently associated with poor clinical outcomes after PCI in patients with their first myocardial infarction. Despite the diabetes duration, continuous hypoglycemic therapy significantly improved long-term clinical outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nazila Yaliqin
- Heart Center, Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, China,
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogenesis, Prevention and Treatment of High Incidence Diseases in Central Asia, Urumqi, China,
| | - Salamaiti Aimaier
- Heart Center, Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, China
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogenesis, Prevention and Treatment of High Incidence Diseases in Central Asia, Urumqi, China
| | - Dilare Adi
- Heart Center, Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, China
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogenesis, Prevention and Treatment of High Incidence Diseases in Central Asia, Urumqi, China
| | - Yi-Tong Ma
- Heart Center, Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, China
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogenesis, Prevention and Treatment of High Incidence Diseases in Central Asia, Urumqi, China
| | - Zi-Xiang Yu
- Heart Center, Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, China
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogenesis, Prevention and Treatment of High Incidence Diseases in Central Asia, Urumqi, China
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17
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Soma T, Yokoyama H, Saito K, Washima S, Tsushima M, Senoo M, Ichikawa H, Nishizaki F, Shibutani S, Hanada K, Tomita H. Serial longitudinal changes of coronary calcified plaques with clear outer borders under intensive lipid management: insights from optical coherence tomography. Heart Vessels 2024; 39:373-381. [PMID: 38150053 DOI: 10.1007/s00380-023-02345-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2023] [Accepted: 11/29/2023] [Indexed: 12/28/2023]
Abstract
Percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) for calcified lesions is one of the most challenging procedures related to worse clinical outcomes. To stabilize vulnerable plaques, intensive lipid management is recommended; however, the serial changes of calcified plaques under intensive lipid management are unknown. A total of 31 patients (mean age, 63 ± 10 years; men, 29 patients) who underwent PCI with intensive lipid management were retrospectively studied. We evaluated the serial longitudinal changes of calcified plaques with clear outer borders using optical coherence tomography (OCT) at two time points: at the time of PCI (baseline) and the chronic phase. The median interval from PCI to chronic phase was 287 (233-429) days. Twenty-eight patients (90.3%) had increased calcium volume at the chronic phase compared with those at baseline (2.6 [1.3-5.1] vs. 1.8 [0.7-4.3] mm2, p < 0.05), and the median increase rate of calcium volume was 27.4% at the chronic phase. According to the median increase rate of calcium volume (27.4%), patients were divided into the following two groups: rapid progression (≥ 27.4%, RP group) and non-rapid progression (< 27.4%, non-RP group). The RP group had more patients with diabetes, and diabetes was independently associated with rapid progression by multivariate analysis. Furthermore, patients with diabetes had significantly higher changes in calcium index and volume from the baseline to the chronic phase than those without diabetes. Coronary calcification progression during relatively short intervals was observed using OCT even under intensive lipid management. Diabetes was an independent predictor for rapid coronary calcification progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takanobu Soma
- Department of Cardiology and Nephrology, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, 5 Zaifu-Cho, Hirosaki, 036-8562, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Yokoyama
- Department of Cardiology and Nephrology, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, 5 Zaifu-Cho, Hirosaki, 036-8562, Japan
| | - Kazumasa Saito
- Department of Cardiology and Nephrology, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, 5 Zaifu-Cho, Hirosaki, 036-8562, Japan
| | - Shota Washima
- Department of Cardiology and Nephrology, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, 5 Zaifu-Cho, Hirosaki, 036-8562, Japan
| | - Michiko Tsushima
- Department of Cardiology and Nephrology, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, 5 Zaifu-Cho, Hirosaki, 036-8562, Japan
| | - Maiko Senoo
- Department of Cardiology and Nephrology, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, 5 Zaifu-Cho, Hirosaki, 036-8562, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Ichikawa
- Department of Cardiology and Nephrology, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, 5 Zaifu-Cho, Hirosaki, 036-8562, Japan
| | - Fumie Nishizaki
- Department of Cardiology and Nephrology, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, 5 Zaifu-Cho, Hirosaki, 036-8562, Japan
| | - Shuji Shibutani
- Department of Cardiology and Nephrology, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, 5 Zaifu-Cho, Hirosaki, 036-8562, Japan
| | - Kenji Hanada
- Department of Cardiology and Nephrology, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, 5 Zaifu-Cho, Hirosaki, 036-8562, Japan
| | - Hirofumi Tomita
- Department of Cardiology and Nephrology, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, 5 Zaifu-Cho, Hirosaki, 036-8562, Japan.
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18
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Yudai M, Takashi K, Hiroto I, Eriko F, Toru K, Naoko O, Soichiro F, Yasushi S. The role of calcification in predicting invasion of thymoma to adjacent organs. Surg Today 2024:10.1007/s00595-024-02826-w. [PMID: 38600335 DOI: 10.1007/s00595-024-02826-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2023] [Accepted: 02/01/2024] [Indexed: 04/12/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE Thoracoscopic procedures such as video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery (VATS) and robot-assisted thoracoscopic surgery (RATS) have gained popularity for the treatment of thymoma. Accurate preoperative assessments of tumor invasion are crucial to identifying the appropriate surgical approach. Although imaging techniques have been used to predict invasion, a quantifiable method is still needed in clinical practice. METHODS The ubjects of this retrospective study were 226 patients with thymoma who underwent surgery at our hospital. Clinicopathological data, tumor staging, and recurrence rates were analyzed. Calcification identified through computed tomography (CT) defined the "calcified group" as having a long diameter of ≥ 5 mm. Statistical analyses were performed to assess relationships and survival outcomes. RESULTS The calcified group had higher Masaoka and World Health Organization classification than the noncalcified group, with significantly higher organ invasion rates. The calcified group also had remarkably higher recurrence rates. CONCLUSION Thymoma calcification appears to correlate with increased invasiveness and recurrence rates, suggesting its potential as a predictor of tumor stage and prognosis. Despite its retrospective nature and inherent limitations, this study highlights the potential clinical significance of calcification in the surgical planning and prognostication of patients with thymoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miyashita Yudai
- Department of General Thoracic Surgery, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-15 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Kanou Takashi
- Department of General Thoracic Surgery, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-15 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan.
| | - Ishida Hiroto
- Department of General Thoracic Surgery, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-15 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Fukui Eriko
- Department of General Thoracic Surgery, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-15 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Kimura Toru
- Department of General Thoracic Surgery, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-15 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Ose Naoko
- Department of General Thoracic Surgery, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-15 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Funaki Soichiro
- Department of General Thoracic Surgery, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-15 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Shintani Yasushi
- Department of General Thoracic Surgery, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-15 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
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Liang X, Li X, Li G, Wang B, Liu Y, Sun D, Liu L, Zhang R, Ji S, Yan W, Yu R, Gao Z, Liu X. A machine learning approach to predicting vascular calcification risk of type 2 diabetes: A retrospective study. Clin Cardiol 2024; 47:e24264. [PMID: 38563389 PMCID: PMC10985945 DOI: 10.1002/clc.24264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2024] [Revised: 03/07/2024] [Accepted: 03/18/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Recently, patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) have experienced a higher incidence and severer degree of vascular calcification (VC), which leads to an increase in the incidence and mortality of vascular complications in patients with T2DM. HYPOTHESIS To construct and validate prediction models for the risk of VC in patients with T2DM. METHODS Twenty-three baseline demographic and clinical characteristics were extracted from the electronic medical record system. Ten clinical features were screened with least absolute shrinkage and selection operator method and were used to develop prediction models based on eight machine learning (ML) algorithms (k-nearest neighbor [k-NN], light gradient boosting machine, logistic regression [LR], multilayer perception [(MLP], Naive Bayes [NB], random forest [RF], support vector machine [SVM], XGBoost [XGB]). Model performance was evaluated using the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC), accuracy, and precision. RESULTS A total of 1407 and 352 patients were retrospectively collected in the training and test sets, respectively. Among the eight models, the AUC value in the NB model was higher than the other models (NB: 0.753, LGB: 0.719, LR: 0.749, MLP: 0.715, RF: 0.722, SVM: 0.689, XGB:0.707, p < .05 for all). The k-NN model achieved the highest sensitivity of 0.75 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.633-0.857), the MLP model achieved the highest accuracy of 0.81 (95% CI: 0.767-0.852) and specificity of 0.875 (95% CI: 0.836-0.912). CONCLUSIONS This study developed a predictive model of VC based on ML and clinical features in type 2 diabetic patients. The NB model is a tool with potential to facilitate clinicians in identifying VC in high-risk patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue Liang
- Department of EndocrinologyDalian Municipal Central HospitalDalianChina
- Graduate SchoolDalian Medical UniversityDalianChina
| | - Xinyu Li
- Department of EndocrinologyDalian Municipal Central HospitalDalianChina
| | - Guosheng Li
- Laboratory Pathology DepartmentNingbo Clinical Pathology Diagnosis CenterNingboChina
| | - Bing Wang
- Department of EndocrinologyDalian Municipal Central HospitalDalianChina
| | - Yudan Liu
- Department of Neuroendocrine Pharmacology, School of PharmacyChina Medical UniversityShenyangChina
| | - Dongli Sun
- Department of EndocrinologyDalian Municipal Central HospitalDalianChina
| | - Li Liu
- Department of EndocrinologyDalian Municipal Central HospitalDalianChina
| | - Ran Zhang
- Department of EndocrinologyDalian Municipal Central HospitalDalianChina
| | - Shukun Ji
- Department of EndocrinologyDalian Municipal Central HospitalDalianChina
| | - Wanying Yan
- International Center, InferVisionBeijingChina
| | - Ruize Yu
- International Center, InferVisionBeijingChina
| | - Zhengnan Gao
- Department of EndocrinologyDalian Municipal Central HospitalDalianChina
| | - Xuhan Liu
- Department of EndocrinologyDalian Municipal Central HospitalDalianChina
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20
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Faa G, Cau R, Ravarino A, Canino A, Van Eyken P, Fraschini M, Suri JS, Saba L. Lessons from autopsy: Topographical variability of atherosclerosis plaques. J Public Health Res 2024; 13:22799036241249659. [PMID: 38694451 PMCID: PMC11062232 DOI: 10.1177/22799036241249659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2024] [Accepted: 04/07/2024] [Indexed: 05/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Atherosclerosis is a complex disease characterized by the accumulation of plaques in arterial walls. Understanding its pathogenesis remains incomplete, with factors like inflammation, oxidative stress, and hypertension playing critical roles. The disease exhibits preferential localization of plaques, with variability observed even within the same individual. Genetic, environmental, and lifestyle factors contribute to its heterogeneity. Histological plaque phenotypes vary widely, prompting classification schemes focusing on systemic and local factors deteriorating fibrous caps. Recent research highlights differences in plaque histology among arterial systems, suggesting unique pathophysiological mechanisms. This study reports on multiple atherosclerotic plaques detected at autopsy in various vascular sites of a single subject, emphasizing their histological diversity and underscoring the systemic nature of atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gavino Faa
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
- Department of Biology, College of Science and Technology, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Riccardo Cau
- Department of Medical Sciences and Public Health, Unit of Radiology, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | | | - Andrea Canino
- Division of Pathology, AOU of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Peter Van Eyken
- Division of Pathology, Genk Regional Hospital, Genk, Belgium
| | - Matteo Fraschini
- Department of Electrical and Eletronic Engineering, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Jasjit S Suri
- Stroke Diagnostic and Monitoring Division, Atheropoint, Roseville, CA, USA
| | - Luca Saba
- Department of Medical Sciences and Public Health, Unit of Radiology, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
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21
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Liu C, Liang D. High Copper Intake Is Associated with Decreased Likelihood of Abdominal Aortic Calcification in Middle-Aged and Older US Adults. Biol Trace Elem Res 2024; 202:1390-1400. [PMID: 37434038 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-023-03765-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2023] [Accepted: 07/04/2023] [Indexed: 07/13/2023]
Abstract
The purpose of our study was primarily to investigate the relationship between dietary copper intake and abdominal aortic calcification (AAC) in US adults. We used data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2013-2014 for our analysis. Multivariate linear regression analysis was used to explore the relationship between copper intake and AAC scores. We also used multivariate logistic regression analysis to explore the association between copper intake and the risk of AAC and severe AAC. We also examined whether there was a nonlinear relationship between copper intake and AAC scores and risk of AAC and severe AAC using restricted cubic splines (RCS) analysis. In addition, we also performed subgroup analysis and interaction tests. A total of 2897 participants were recruited in this study. The mean AAC score of the participants was 1.46 ± 0.11, and the prevalence of AAC and severe AAC among the participants was 28.53% and 7.68%, respectively. In the fully adjusted model, a negative association of copper intake with AAC scores (β = - 0.16, 95%CI: - 0.49 ~ 0.17) and the risk of AAC (OR = 0.85, 95% CI: 0.61-1.19) and severe AAC (OR = 0.82, 95% CI: 0.49-1.38) was observed. Compared to participants in the lowest tertile of copper intake, participants in the highest tertile of copper intake had a 0.37-unit decrease in mean AAC score (β = - 0.37, 95% CI: - 0.90-0.15) and a significant 38% and 22% decrease in risk of AAC (OR = 0.62, 95% CI: 0.41-0.95) and severe AAC (OR = 0.78, 95% CI: 0.34 - 1.77), respectively. The results of subgroup analyses and interaction tests suggested no significant differences in AAC scores and AAC risk between the different strata. In contrast, the risk of severe AAC was significantly dependent on the patients' diabetes status. Increased copper intake was associated with decreased AAC scores and decreased likelihood of AAC and severe AAC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang Liu
- School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin, China.
| | - Dan Liang
- Department of Endocrine, People's Hospital of Chongqing Liang Jiang New Area, Chongqing, China.
- The West China College of Medicine, Sichuan University, Sichuan, China.
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22
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Sinha T, Khilji F, Laraib F, Fatima F, Kaur M, Chaudhari SS, Arrey Agbor DB, Khan A. The Effectiveness of Sodium-Glucose Cotransporter-2 (SGLT2) Inhibitors on Cardiovascular Outcomes and All-Cause Mortality in Patients With Acute Coronary Syndrome: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Cureus 2024; 16:e58019. [PMID: 38738070 PMCID: PMC11087880 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.58019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/10/2024] [Indexed: 05/14/2024] Open
Abstract
The aim of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to investigate the impact of early sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 (SGLT2) initiation on long-term cardiovascular outcomes and all-cause mortality among patients with acute coronary syndrome (ACS). For this study, we adhered to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) 2020 guideline. Two researchers independently performed a comprehensive literature search on PubMed, Embase, and the Cochrane Library, spanning from the inception of each database to February 24, 2023, without language limitations. The outcomes examined in this meta-analysis comprised major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) (as defined by individual studies), all-cause mortality, cardiovascular mortality, stroke (ischemic and hemorrhagic), recurrent ACS, and hospitalization due to heart failure (HF). A total of nine studies were included in this meta-analysis. The pooled analysis of nine studies revealed a significant reduction in the risk of MACE, all-cause mortality, cardiovascular mortality, and cardiovascular-related hospitalizations among patients receiving SGLT2 inhibitors (SGLT2i) compared to those in the control group. Additionally, there was a trend toward a lower risk of recurrent ACS in the SGLT2i group, although this difference did not reach statistical significance. The findings of this study suggest a promising therapeutic effect of SGLT2 inhibitors in this population. Further research, particularly focusing on myocardial infarction (MI) patients, is warranted to validate these results and potentially revolutionize ACS management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tanya Sinha
- Medical Education, Tribhuvan University, Kirtipur, NPL
| | - Faria Khilji
- Internal Medicine, Tehsil Headquarter Hospital, Shakargarh, PAK
- Internal Medicine, Quaid-e-Azam Medical College, Bahawalpur, PAK
| | - Fnu Laraib
- Internal Medicine, Peoples University of Medical and Health Sciences, Nawabshah, PAK
| | - Farhana Fatima
- Internal Medicine, Dr. Rajendra Prasad Government Medical College, Kangra, IND
| | - Mandeep Kaur
- Internal Medicine, Hospital Corporation of America (HCA) Florida Capital Hospital, Tallahassee, USA
| | - Sandipkumar S Chaudhari
- Cardiothoracic Surgery, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, USA
- Family Medicine, University of North Dakota School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Fargo, USA
| | - Divine Besong Arrey Agbor
- Clinical Research and Internal Medicine, California Institute of Behavioral Neurosciences and Psychology, Fairfield, USA
- Internal Medicine, Richmond University Medical Center, Staten Island, USA
| | - Areeba Khan
- Critical Care Medicine, United Medical and Dental College, Karachi, PAK
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23
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Hu J, Hao G, Xu J, Wang X, Chen M. Deep learning-based coronary artery calcium score to predict coronary artery disease in type 2 diabetes mellitus. Heliyon 2024; 10:e27937. [PMID: 38496873 PMCID: PMC10944251 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e27937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2023] [Revised: 03/03/2024] [Accepted: 03/08/2024] [Indexed: 03/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Coronary artery disease (CAD) in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) patients often presents diffuse lesions, with extensive calcification, and it is time-consuming to measure coronary artery calcium score (CACS). Objectives To explore the predictive ability of deep learning (DL)-based CACS for obstructive CAD and hemodynamically significant CAD in T2DM. Methods 469 T2DM patients suspected of CAD who accepted CACS scan and coronary CT angiography between January 2013 and December 2020 were enrolled. Obstructive CAD was defined as diameter stenosis ≥50%. Hemodynamically significant CAD was defined as CT-derived fractional flow reserve ≤0.8. CACS was calculated with a fully automated method based on DL algorithm. Logistic regression was applied to determine the independent predictors. The predictive performance was evaluated with area under receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC). Results DL-CACS (adjusted odds ratio (OR): 1.005; 95% CI: 1.003-1.006; P < 0.001) was significantly associated with obstructive CAD. DL-CACS (adjusted OR:1.003; 95% CI: 1.002-1.004; P < 0.001) was also an independent predictor for hemodynamically significant CAD. The AUCs, sensitivities, specificities, positive predictive values and negative predictive values of DL-CACS for obstructive CAD and hemodynamically significant CAD were 0.753 (95% CI: 0.712-0.792), 75.9%, 66.5%, 74.8%, 67.8% and 0.769 (95% CI: 0.728-0.806), 80.7%, 62.1%, 59.6% and 82.3% respectively. It took 1.17 min to perform automated measurement of DL-CACS in total, which was significantly less than manual measurement of 1.73 min (P < 0.001). Conclusions DL-CACS, with less time-consuming, can accurately and effectively predict obstructive CAD and hemodynamically significant CAD in T2DM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingcheng Hu
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Guangyu Hao
- Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jialiang Xu
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Ximing Wang
- Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Meng Chen
- Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
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24
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Madonna R, Barachini S, Ghelardoni S, Lu L, Shen WF, De Caterina R. Vasostatins: new molecular targets for atherosclerosis, post-ischaemic angiogenesis, and arteriogenesis. Cardiovasc Res 2024; 120:132-139. [PMID: 38242632 DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvae008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2023] [Revised: 11/25/2023] [Accepted: 11/30/2023] [Indexed: 01/21/2024] Open
Abstract
The chromogranin-secretogranin secretory proteins-granins-are acidic proteins localized in granules of endocrine cells and neurons. The chromogranin family includes chromogranins A (CgA) and B, as well as secretogranin II (once called chromogranin C). Members of this family undergo catalytic proteolysis to produce active peptides. The CgA-derived peptides vasostatin-1 and vasostatin-2, in particular, appear to protect against atherosclerosis, suppressing the expression of vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 and intercellular adhesion molecule-1, as well as exerting vasodilatory effects by enhancing nitric oxide bioavailability. Vasostatin-1 also suppresses vasoconstriction and abnormal angiogenesis. Vasostatin-1 and vasostatin-2 may be novel therapeutic targets for atherosclerosis and coronary heart disease, also protecting the myocardium against ischaemic damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosalinda Madonna
- Department of Surgical, Medical, and Molecular Pathology and Critical Care, University of Pisa and Pisa University Hospital, Via Paradisa 2, 56124 Pisa, Italy
| | - Serena Barachini
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Laboratory for Cell Therapy, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Sandra Ghelardoni
- Department of Pathology, Laboratory of Biochemistry, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Lin Lu
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Rui Jin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, 197 Rui Jin Road II, Shanghai 200025, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei-Feng Shen
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Rui Jin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, 197 Rui Jin Road II, Shanghai 200025, People's Republic of China
| | - Raffaele De Caterina
- Department of Surgical, Medical, and Molecular Pathology and Critical Care, University of Pisa and Pisa University Hospital, Via Paradisa 2, 56124 Pisa, Italy
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25
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Serés-Noriega T, Perea V, Amor AJ. Screening for Subclinical Atherosclerosis and the Prediction of Cardiovascular Events in People with Type 1 Diabetes. J Clin Med 2024; 13:1097. [PMID: 38398409 PMCID: PMC10889212 DOI: 10.3390/jcm13041097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2024] [Revised: 02/09/2024] [Accepted: 02/12/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
People with type 1 diabetes (T1D) have a high cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk, which remains the leading cause of death in this population. Despite the improved control of several classic risk factors, particularly better glycaemic control, cardiovascular morbidity and mortality continue to be significantly higher than in the general population. In routine clinical practice, estimating cardiovascular risk (CVR) in people with T1D using scales or equations is often imprecise because much of the evidence comes from pooled samples of people with type 2 diabetes (T2D) and T1D or from extrapolations of studies performed on people with T2D. Given that T1D onsets at a young age, prolonged exposure to the disease and its consequences (e.g., hyperglycaemia, changes in lipid metabolism or inflammation) have a detrimental impact on cardiovascular health. Therefore, it is critical to have tools that allow for the early identification of those individuals with a higher CVR and thus be able to make the most appropriate management decisions in each case. In this sense, atherosclerosis is the prelude to most cardiovascular events. People with diabetes present pathophysiological alterations that facilitate atherosclerosis development and that may imply a greater vulnerability of atheromatous plaques. Screening for subclinical atherosclerosis using various techniques, mainly imaging, has proven valuable in predicting cardiovascular events. Its use enables the reclassification of CVR and, therefore, an individualised adjustment of therapeutic management. However, the available evidence in people with T1D is scarce. This narrative review provides and updated overview of the main non-invasive tests for detecting atherosclerosis plaques and their association with CVD in people with T1D.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tonet Serés-Noriega
- Diabetes Unit, Endocrinology and Nutrition Department, Hospital Clínic, 08036 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Verónica Perea
- Endocrinology and Nutrition Department, Hospital Universitari Mútua de Terrassa, 08221 Terrassa, Spain
| | - Antonio J. Amor
- Diabetes Unit, Endocrinology and Nutrition Department, Hospital Clínic, 08036 Barcelona, Spain
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26
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Huang A, Xu T, Lu X, Ma L, Ma H, Yu Y, Yao L. Shh-Gli2-Runx2 inhibits vascular calcification. Nephrol Dial Transplant 2024; 39:305-316. [PMID: 37451818 DOI: 10.1093/ndt/gfad165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD), vascular calcification (VC) is common and is associated with a higher risk of all-cause mortality. Shh, one ligand for Hedgehog (Hh) signaling, participates in osteogenesis and several cardiovascular diseases. However, it remains unclear whether Shh is implicated in the development of VC. METHODS Inorganic phosphorus 2.6 mM was used to induce vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) calcification. Mice were fed with adenine diet supplement with 1.2% phosphorus to induce VC. RESULTS Shh was decreased in VSMCs exposed to inorganic phosphorus, calcified arteries in mice fed with an adenine diet, as well as radial arteries from patients with CKD presenting VC. Overexpression of Shh inhibited VSMCs ostosteoblastic differentiation and calcification, whereas its silencing accelerated these processes. Likewise, mice treated with smoothened agonist (SAG; Hh signaling agonist) showed alleviated VC, and mice treated with cyclopamine (CPN; Hh signaling antagonist) exhibited severe VC. Additionally, overexpression of Gli2 significantly reversed the pro-calcification effect of Shh silencing on VSMCs, suggesting that Shh inhibited VC via Gli2. Mechanistically, Gli2 interacted with Runx2 and promoted its ubiquitin proteasomal degradation, therefore protecting against VC. Of interest, the pro-degradation effect of Gli2 on Runx2 was independent of Smurf1 and Cullin4B. CONCLUSIONS Our study provided deeper insight to the pathogenesis of VC, and Shh might be a novel potential target for VC treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aoran Huang
- Department of Nephrology, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Tianhua Xu
- Department of Nephrology, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Xiaomei Lu
- Department of Pathophysiology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Ling Ma
- Department of Pathophysiology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Haiying Ma
- Department of Pathophysiology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Yanqiu Yu
- Department of Pathophysiology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
- Shenyang Engineering Technology R&D Center of Cell Therapy Co. Ltd, Shenyang, China
| | - Li Yao
- Department of Nephrology, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
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27
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Liu D, Xue Z, Qi J, Yin L, Duan B, Wu L, Yang K, Gao B, Cao Q, Mi J. Risk factors for instent restenosis of sirolimus-coated stents in coronary intervention for patients with unstable angina. Sci Rep 2024; 14:2537. [PMID: 38291094 PMCID: PMC10827786 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-52567-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2023] [Accepted: 01/20/2024] [Indexed: 02/01/2024] Open
Abstract
To investigate the instent restenosis rate of sirolimus-coated stents in percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) and risk factors for in-stent restenosis, patients with unstable angina (UA) caused by coronary artery stenosis were enrolled, and all clinical and imaging data were analyzed. Among 143 enrolled patients with UA aged 35-83 (mean 60.9 ± 10.0) years enrolled, there were 114 (79.7%) male and 29 (20.3%) female patients. Arterial stenosis was present in one coronary artery in 6 (4.2%) patients, in two coronary arteries in 20 (14.0%) patients, in three arteries in 116 (81.1%), and in four coronary arteries in 1 (0.7%) patient. Stenting was successfully performed in all (100%) patients, and 181 stents were deployed. The quantitative flow ratio (QFR) was 0.92 ± 0.03 (range 0.84-0.96) immediately after stenting, and the TIMI was grade 3 in all patients. The diameter of the stents deployed ranged 2.25-4 mm (mean 3.04 ± 0.44) with a length ranging 10 mm to 104 mm (mean 32.73 ± 15.5). Follow-up angiography was performed in all patients with a duration of 1-92 (mean 15.0 ± 18.8) months. Instent restenosis ≥ 50% occurred in 25 (17.5%) patients. In univariate logistic regression analysis, significant (P < 0.05) risk factors for instent restenosis ≥ 50% were QFR (OR 0.036, 95% CI 0.13-0.97), stent diameter (OR 0.43, 95% CI 0.18-0.92), hypertension (OR 3.16, 95% CI 1.02-9.82), smoking (OR 0.31, 95% CI 0.11-0.89), and neutrophil count (OR 2.22, 95% CI 1.10-5.44). In multivariate analysis, QFR (OR 0.02, 95% CI 0.002-0.19), stent diameter (OR 0.06, 95% CI 0.005-0.59), hypertension (OR 6.75, 95% CI 1.83-35.72) and neutrophil count (OR 276.07, 95% CI 12.32-10,959.95) were significant (P < 0.05) independent risk factors for instent restenosis ≥ 50%. In conclusion, certain instent restenosis rates occurs after the sirolimus-eluted coronary stent deployment for the treatment of coronary artery stenosis in patients with UA, and quantitative flow ratio after stenting, stent diameter, hypertension, and neutrophil count are significant risk factors for instent restenosis of the sirolimus-coated stents in coronary intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongchao Liu
- Department of Cardiology, Shijiazhuang People's Hospital, 365 South Jianhua Street, Shijiazhuang, 050011, Hebei, China
| | - Zheng Xue
- Department of Cardiology, Shijiazhuang People's Hospital, 365 South Jianhua Street, Shijiazhuang, 050011, Hebei, China
| | - Jingxian Qi
- Department of Cardiology, Shijiazhuang People's Hospital, 365 South Jianhua Street, Shijiazhuang, 050011, Hebei, China
| | - Liang Yin
- Department of Cardiology, Shijiazhuang People's Hospital, 365 South Jianhua Street, Shijiazhuang, 050011, Hebei, China
| | - Bing Duan
- Department of Cardiology, Shijiazhuang People's Hospital, 365 South Jianhua Street, Shijiazhuang, 050011, Hebei, China
| | - Lin Wu
- Department of Cardiology, Shijiazhuang People's Hospital, 365 South Jianhua Street, Shijiazhuang, 050011, Hebei, China
| | - Kun Yang
- Department of Cardiology, Shijiazhuang People's Hospital, 365 South Jianhua Street, Shijiazhuang, 050011, Hebei, China
| | - Bulang Gao
- Department of Cardiology, Shijiazhuang People's Hospital, 365 South Jianhua Street, Shijiazhuang, 050011, Hebei, China
| | - Qinying Cao
- Department of Cardiology, Shijiazhuang People's Hospital, 365 South Jianhua Street, Shijiazhuang, 050011, Hebei, China
| | - Jie Mi
- Department of Cardiology, Shijiazhuang People's Hospital, 365 South Jianhua Street, Shijiazhuang, 050011, Hebei, China.
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Deng W, Zhao Z, Zou T, Kuang T, Wang J. Research Advances in Fusion Protein-Based Drugs for Diabetes Treatment. Diabetes Metab Syndr Obes 2024; 17:343-362. [PMID: 38288338 PMCID: PMC10823413 DOI: 10.2147/dmso.s421527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2023] [Accepted: 12/22/2023] [Indexed: 01/31/2024] Open
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a chronic metabolic disease characterized by elevated blood glucose levels, resulting in multi-organ dysfunction and various complications. Fusion proteins can form multifunctional complexes by combining the target proteins with partner proteins. It has significant advantages in improving the performance of the target proteins, extending their biological half-life, and enhancing patient drug compliance. Fusion protein-based drugs have emerged as promising new drugs in diabetes therapeutics. However, there has not been a systematic review of fusion protein-based drugs for diabetes therapeutics. Hence, we conducted a comprehensive review of published literature on diabetic fusion protein-based drugs for diabetes, with a primary focus on immunoglobulin G (IgG) fragment crystallizable (Fc) region, albumin, and transferrin (TF). This review aims to provide a reference for the subsequent development and clinical application of fusion protein-based drugs in diabetes therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenying Deng
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan Province, 421001, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zeyi Zhao
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan Province, 421001, People’s Republic of China
| | - Tao Zou
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan Province, 421001, People’s Republic of China
| | - Tongdong Kuang
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Diabetic Systems Medicine, Guilin Medical University, Guilin, Guangxi Province, 541199, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jing Wang
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan Province, 421001, People’s Republic of China
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29
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Fang Y, Wang J, Yang H, Wu XE. Diabetic Retinopathy and Cardiovascular Disease: A Literature Review [Letter]. Diabetes Metab Syndr Obes 2024; 17:379-380. [PMID: 38283635 PMCID: PMC10821632 DOI: 10.2147/dmso.s458093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2024] [Accepted: 01/16/2024] [Indexed: 01/30/2024] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Fang
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia, 750004, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jing Wang
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia, 750004, People’s Republic of China
| | - Huiyan Yang
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia, 750004, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xi e Wu
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia, 750004, People’s Republic of China
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30
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Cai C, Wang L, Chen Q, Lin M, Pan X, Chen W, Shi D, Chen Y. Association between hemoglobin A1c and abdominal aortic calcification: results from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2013-2014. BMC Cardiovasc Disord 2024; 24:26. [PMID: 38172671 PMCID: PMC10765683 DOI: 10.1186/s12872-023-03700-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2023] [Accepted: 12/28/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c), a "gold standard" for the assessment of glycemic control, was associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular disease and coronary artery calcification. However, its effects on abdominal aortic calcification (AAC) are uncertain. The present study comprehensively investigated the association between HbA1c and AAC in the 2013-2014 National Health and Nutrition Examinations Surveys. METHODS Among 1,799 participants ≥ 40 years, dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry-derived AAC was quantified using the Kauppila score (AAC-24). Severe AAC was defined as a total AAC-24 > 6. Weighted linear regression models and logistic regression models were used to determine the effects of HbA1c on AAC. The restricted cubic spline model was used for the dose-response analysis. RESULTS The mean AAC-24 of participants was 1.3, and 6.7% of them suffered from severe AAC. Both AAC-24 and the prevalence of severe AAC increased with the higher tertile of HbA1c (P < 0.001). Elevated HbA1c levels would increase the AAC-24 (β = 0.73, 95% CI: 0.30-1.16) and the risk of severe AAC (OR = 1.63, 95% CI: 1.29-2.06), resulting in nearly linear dose-response relationships in all participants. However, this positive correlation were not statistically significant when participants with diabetes were excluded. Furthermore, subgroup analysis showed significant interactions effect between HbA1c and hypertension on severe AAC with the OR (95% CI) of 2.35 (1.62-3.40) for normotensives and 1.39 (1.09-1.79) for hypertensives (P for interaction = 0.022). CONCLUSION Controlling HbA1c could reduce AAC scores and the risk of severe AAC. Glycemic management might be a component of strategies for preventing AAC among all participants, especially normotensives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Can Cai
- Scientific Research and Innovation Center, Women and Children's Hospital, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361003, China
| | - Lingsong Wang
- Scientific Research and Innovation Center, Women and Children's Hospital, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361003, China
| | - Quanyao Chen
- Scientific Research and Innovation Center, Women and Children's Hospital, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361003, China
| | - Min Lin
- Scientific Research and Innovation Center, Women and Children's Hospital, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361003, China
| | - Xiuming Pan
- Scientific Research and Innovation Center, Women and Children's Hospital, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361003, China
| | - Weida Chen
- Scientific Research and Innovation Center, Women and Children's Hospital, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361003, China
| | - Danni Shi
- Scientific Research and Innovation Center, Women and Children's Hospital, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361003, China
| | - Yao Chen
- Scientific Research and Innovation Center, Women and Children's Hospital, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361003, China.
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31
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Yu SS, Du JL. Current views on selenoprotein S in the pathophysiological processes of diabetes-induced atherosclerosis: potential therapeutics and underlying biomarkers. Diabetol Metab Syndr 2024; 16:5. [PMID: 38172976 PMCID: PMC10763436 DOI: 10.1186/s13098-023-01247-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2023] [Accepted: 12/24/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) consistently ranks as the primary mortality factor among diabetic people. A thorough comprehension of the pathophysiological routes and processes activated by atherosclerosis (AS) caused by diabetes mellitus (DM), together with the recognition of new contributing factors, could lead to the discovery of crucial biomarkers and the development of innovative drugs against atherosclerosis. Selenoprotein S (SELENOS) has been implicated in the pathology and progression of numerous conditions, including diabetes, dyslipidemia, obesity, and insulin resistance (IR)-all recognized contributors to endothelial dysfunction (ED), a precursor event to diabetes-induced AS. Hepatic-specific deletion of SELENOS accelerated the onset and progression of obesity, impaired glucose tolerance and insulin sensitivity, and increased hepatic triglycerides (TG) and diacylglycerol (DAG) accumulation; SELENOS expression in subcutaneous and omental adipose tissue was elevated in obese human subjects, and act as a positive regulator for adipogenesis in 3T3-L1 preadipocytes; knockdown of SELENOS in Min6 β-cells induced β-cell apoptosis and reduced cell proliferation. SELENOS also participates in the early stages of AS, notably by enhancing endothelial function, curbing the expression of adhesion molecules, and lessening leukocyte recruitment-actions that collectively reduce the formation of foam cells. Furthermore, SELENOS forestalls the apoptosis of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) and macrophages, mitigates vascular calcification, and alleviates inflammation in macrophages and CD4+ T cells. These actions help stifle the creation of unstable plaque characterized by thinner fibrous caps, larger necrotic cores, heightened inflammation, and more extensive vascular calcification-features seen in advanced atherosclerotic lesion development. Additionally, serum SELENOS could function as a potential biomarker, and SELENOS single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) rs4965814, rs28628459, and rs9806366, might be effective gene markers for atherosclerosis-related diseases in diabetes. This review accentuates the pathophysiological processes of atherosclerosis in diabetes and amasses current evidence on SELENOS's potential therapeutic benefits or as predictive biomarkers in the various stages of diabetes-induced atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shan-Shan Yu
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116011, Liaoning, China
- Dalian Key Laboratory of Prevention and Treatment of Metabolic Diseases and the Vascular Complications, Dalian, 116011, Liaoning, China
| | - Jian-Ling Du
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116011, Liaoning, China.
- Dalian Key Laboratory of Prevention and Treatment of Metabolic Diseases and the Vascular Complications, Dalian, 116011, Liaoning, China.
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He Y, Bai Y, Huang Q, Xia J, Feng J. Identification of potential biological processes and key genes in diabetes-related stroke through weighted gene co-expression network analysis. BMC Med Genomics 2024; 17:8. [PMID: 38166912 PMCID: PMC10762844 DOI: 10.1186/s12920-023-01752-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2023] [Accepted: 11/23/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is an established risk factor for acute ischemic stroke (AIS). Although there are reports on the correlation of diabetes and stroke, data on its pathogenesis is limited. This study aimed to explore the underlying biological mechanisms and promising intervention targets of diabetes-related stroke. METHODS Diabetes-related datasets (GSE38642 and GSE44035) and stroke-related datasets (GSE16561 and GSE22255) were obtained from the Gene Expression omnibus (GEO) database. The key modules for stroke and diabetes were identified by weight gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA). Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes Genomes (KEGG) analyses were employed in the key module. Genes in stroke- and diabetes-related key modules were intersected to obtain common genes for T2DM-related stroke. In order to discover the key genes in T2DM-related stroke, the Cytoscape and protein-protein interaction (PPI) network were constructed. The key genes were functionally annotated in the Reactome database. RESULTS By intersecting the diabetes- and stroke-related crucial modules, 24 common genes for T2DM-related stroke were identified. Metascape showed that neutrophil extracellular trap formation was primarily enriched. The hub gene was granulin precursor (GRN), which had the highest connectivity among the common genes. In addition, functional enrichment analysis indicated that GRN was involved in neutrophil degranulation, thus regulating neutrophil extracellular trap formation. CONCLUSIONS This study firstly revealed that neutrophil extracellular trap formation may represent the common biological processes of diabetes and stroke, and GRN may be potential intervention targets for T2DM-related stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong He
- Department of Neurology, Liuyang Jili Hospital, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Yang Bai
- Department of Hematology and Critical Care Medicine, Central South University, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Changsha, China
| | - Qin Huang
- Department of Neurology, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, 100044, China
| | - Jian Xia
- Department of Neurology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410008, People's Republic of China
| | - Jie Feng
- Department of Neurology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410008, People's Republic of China.
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Beatty C, Richardson KP, Tran PMH, Satter KB, Hopkins D, Gardiner M, Sharma A, Purohit S. Multiplex analysis of inflammatory proteins associated with risk of coronary artery disease in type-1 diabetes patients. Clin Cardiol 2024; 47:e24143. [PMID: 37822049 PMCID: PMC10768730 DOI: 10.1002/clc.24143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2023] [Revised: 08/17/2023] [Accepted: 08/21/2023] [Indexed: 10/13/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chronic uncontrolled hyperglycemia, a precursor to chronic low-grade inflammation, is a leading cause of coronary artery disease (CAD) due to plaque buildup in type-1 diabetes (T1D) patients. We evaluated levels of 22 inflammatory markers in cross-sectional serum samples from 1222 subjects to evaluate their potential as risk factors for CAD in T1D patients. HYPOTHESIS Circulating levels of markers of inflammation may be the risk factors for incident CAD. METHODS The T1D subjects were divided into two groups: those without CAD (n = 1107) and with CAD (n = 115). Serum levels of proteins were assayed using multiplex immunoassays on a Luminex Platform. Differences between the two groups were made by univariate analysis. Multivariate logistic regression was used to ascertain the potential of proteins as risk factors for CAD. Influence of age, duration of diabetes, sex, hypertension, and dyslipidemia was determined in a stepwise manner. Serum levels of 22 proteins were combined into a composite score using Ridge regression for risk-based stratification. RESULTS Mean levels of CRP, IGFBP1, IGFBP2, insulin-like growth factors binding protein-6 (IGFBP6), MMP1, SAA, sTNFRI, and sTNFRII were elevated in CAD patients (n = 115) compared to T1D patients without CAD (nCAD, n = 1107). After adjusting for age, duration of diabetes, sex, hypertension, and dyslipidemia, higher levels of sTNFRI (odds ratio [OR] = 2.18, 1.1 × 10-3 ), sTNFRII (OR = 1.52, 1 × 10-2 ), and IGFBP6 (OR = 3.62, 1.8 × 10-3 ) were significantly associated with CAD. The composite score based on Ridge regression, was able to stratify CAD patients into low, medium, and high-risk groups. CONCLUSIONS The results show activation of the TNF pathway in CAD patients. Evaluating these markers in serum can be a potential tool for identifying high-risk T1D patients for intensive anti-inflammatory therapeutic interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carol Beatty
- School of MedicineMedical College of GeorgiaAugustaGeorgiaUSA
| | - Katherine P. Richardson
- School of MedicineCenter for Biotechnology and Genomic Medicine, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta UniversityAugustaGeorgiaUSA
| | - Paul M. H. Tran
- School of MedicineCenter for Biotechnology and Genomic Medicine, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta UniversityAugustaGeorgiaUSA
- Department of Internal MedicineYale School of MedicineNew HavenConnecticutUSA
| | - Khaled B. Satter
- School of MedicineCenter for Biotechnology and Genomic Medicine, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta UniversityAugustaGeorgiaUSA
- Department of PathologyNational Institutes of HealthBethesdaMarylandUSA
| | - Diane Hopkins
- School of MedicineCenter for Biotechnology and Genomic Medicine, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta UniversityAugustaGeorgiaUSA
| | - Melissa Gardiner
- School of MedicineCenter for Biotechnology and Genomic Medicine, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta UniversityAugustaGeorgiaUSA
| | - Ashok Sharma
- School of MedicineCenter for Biotechnology and Genomic Medicine, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta UniversityAugustaGeorgiaUSA
| | - Sharad Purohit
- School of MedicineCenter for Biotechnology and Genomic Medicine, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta UniversityAugustaGeorgiaUSA
- Department of Obstetrics and GynecologyMedical College of Georgia, Augusta UniversityAugustaGeorgiaUSA
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Khaleghi S, Bayani MA, Ziaei N, Salehiomran M, Khafri S. The glycosylated hemoglobin level and the severity of cardiovascular involvement in patients with the first episode of acute coronary syndrome. CASPIAN JOURNAL OF INTERNAL MEDICINE 2024; 15:46-52. [PMID: 38463911 PMCID: PMC10921112 DOI: 10.22088/cjim.15.1.4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2022] [Revised: 04/09/2023] [Accepted: 05/31/2023] [Indexed: 03/12/2024]
Abstract
Background The current study was carried out aiming at investigating the relationship between glycosylated hemoglobin level and coronary atherosclerosis in patients with the first episode of acute coronary syndrome. Methods This case-control study evaluated 450 patients with the first episode of acute coronary syndrome in Ayatollah Rouhani Hospital in Babol (Iran) from 2011 to 2018. Based on glycosylated hemoglobin, patients were divided into three groups of non-diabetic, pre-diabetic, and diabetic (n=150 in each group). Since SYNTAX score and Gensini score are employed to evaluate the extent of cardiovascular disease and predict CVD in patients with CAD over long-term follow-up, we calculated SYNTAX score and Gensini score based on angiographic results. Results Concerning the factors related to the severity of cardiovascular involvement, the results revealed no significant difference between the diabetic and pre-diabetic groups in terms of the frequency of patients in terms of SYNTAX score, Gensini score, and the number of vessels involved (0.142 and 87, respectively, and P=0.102). However, this difference between the diabetic and non-diabetic groups, as well as between the pre-diabetic and non-diabetic groups was statistically significant (respectively for SYNTAX score, p< 0.001 and P=0.001; for Gensini score, P=0.013 and P=0.019; and for the number of vessels involved P=0.001and p<0.001). Conclusion According to the findings of the current study, since there was no significant difference between diabetic and pre-diabetic patients in terms of the components indicating the severity of cardiovascular involvement, pre-diabetes itself may be associated with the severity of cardiovascular involvement as a predisposing factor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saman Khaleghi
- Student Research Committee, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran
| | - Mohammad Ali Bayani
- Clinical Research Development Unite of Rouhani Hospital, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran
| | - Naghmeh Ziaei
- Clinical Research Development Unite of Rouhani Hospital, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran
| | - Mohammadtaghi Salehiomran
- Clinical Research Development Unite of Rouhani Hospital, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran
| | - Soraya Khafri
- Clinical Research Development Unite of Rouhani Hospital, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran
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Meir J, Huang L, Mahmood S, Whiteson H, Cohen S, Aronow WS. The vascular complications of diabetes: a review of their management, pathogenesis, and prevention. Expert Rev Endocrinol Metab 2024; 19:11-20. [PMID: 37947481 DOI: 10.1080/17446651.2023.2279533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2023] [Accepted: 11/01/2023] [Indexed: 11/12/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION This review highlights the pathogenesis of both microvascular and macrovascular complications of diabetes and how these mechanisms influence both the management and preventative strategies of these complications. The cumulative data shown in this review suggest hyperglycemic and blood pressure control remain central to this intricate process. AREAS COVERED We reviewed the literature including retrospective, prospective trials as well as meta-analysis, and post hoc analysis of randomized trials on microvascular andmacrovascular complications. EXPERT OPINION Further research is needed to explore the ideal intervention targets and preventative strategies needed to prevent macrovascular complications. Furthermore, as the data for trials looking at microvascular complications lengthen more long-term data will further elucidate the role that the duration of diabetes has on these complications. Additionally, trials looking to maximize hyperglycemic control with multiple agents in diabetes, such as metformin, SGL2isand GLP-1 receptor agonists are currently in process, which will have implications for rates of microvascular as well as macrovascular complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juliet Meir
- Departments of Cardiology and Medicine, Westchester Medical Center and New York Medical College, Valhalla, NY, USA
| | - Lillian Huang
- Departments of Cardiology and Medicine, Westchester Medical Center and New York Medical College, Valhalla, NY, USA
| | - Sumaita Mahmood
- Departments of Cardiology and Medicine, Westchester Medical Center and New York Medical College, Valhalla, NY, USA
| | - Harris Whiteson
- Departments of Cardiology and Medicine, Westchester Medical Center and New York Medical College, Valhalla, NY, USA
| | - Scott Cohen
- Departments of Cardiology and Medicine, Westchester Medical Center and New York Medical College, Valhalla, NY, USA
| | - Wilbert S Aronow
- Departments of Cardiology and Medicine, Westchester Medical Center and New York Medical College, Valhalla, NY, USA
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Kawai K, Finn AV, Virmani R. Subclinical Atherosclerosis: Part 1: What Is it? Can it Be Defined at the Histological Level? Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2024; 44:12-23. [PMID: 38150517 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.123.319932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2023]
Abstract
While coronary artery disease remains a major cause of death, it is preventable. Therefore, the focus needs to shift to the early detection and prevention of atherosclerosis. Asymptomatic atherosclerosis is widely termed subclinical atherosclerosis, which is an early indicator of atherosclerotic burden, and understanding this disease is important because timely intervention could prevent future cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. We histologically recognize the earliest lesion of atherosclerosis as pathological intimal thickening, which is characterized by the presence of lipid pools. The difference between clinical atherosclerosis and subclinical atherosclerosis is whether the presence of atherosclerosis results in the clinical symptoms of ischemia, such as stroke, myocardial infarction, or chronic limb-threatening ischemia. In the absence of thrombosis, there are various types of histological plaque that encompass subclinical atherosclerosis: pathological intimal thickening, fibroatheroma, thin-cap fibroatheroma, plaque rupture, healed plaque ruptures, and fibrocalcific plaque. Plaque morphology that is most frequently responsible for acute coronary thrombosis is plaque rupture. Calcification of coronary arteries is the hallmark of atherosclerosis and is a predictor of future coronary events. Atherosclerosis occurs in other vascular beds and is most frequent in arteries of the lower extremity, followed by carotid, aorta, and coronary arteries, and the mechanisms leading to clinical symptoms are unique for each location.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenji Kawai
- CVPath Institute, Gaithersburg, MD (K.K., A.V.F., R.V.)
| | - Aloke V Finn
- CVPath Institute, Gaithersburg, MD (K.K., A.V.F., R.V.)
- University of Maryland, School of Medicine, Baltimore (A.V.F.)
| | - Renu Virmani
- CVPath Institute, Gaithersburg, MD (K.K., A.V.F., R.V.)
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Seo YB, Kang SG, Song SW. Relationship between metabolically healthy obesity and coronary artery calcification. Obes Res Clin Pract 2024; 18:28-34. [PMID: 38320917 DOI: 10.1016/j.orcp.2024.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2023] [Revised: 01/19/2024] [Accepted: 01/26/2024] [Indexed: 02/08/2024]
Abstract
There is a lack of consensus regarding universally accepted criteria for metabolic health (MH). A simple definition of MH was systematically derived in a recent prospective cohort study. The present cross-sectional study aimed to explore the applicability of these criteria in Korean population, using coronary calcification as an indicator of cardiovascular risk. In total, 1049 healthy participants, who underwent coronary artery calcification testing at university hospital health promotion centers between January and December 2022, were included. Applying the main components of the newly derived definition, MH was defined as follows: (1) systolic blood pressure < 130 mmHg and no use of blood pressure-lowering medication; (2) waist circumference < 90 cm for males and < 85 cm for females; and (3) absence of diabetes. Multivariate logistic regression was conducted to examine the odds ratio (OR) and 95 % confidence interval (CI) for coronary artery calcium score across different phenotypes. The prevalence of coronary artery calcification in this study was 41.1 %. Compared with metabolically healthy, normal weight subjects, those with the metabolically healthy obesity phenotype did not exhibit increased odds for coronary atherosclerosis. (OR 0.93 [95 % CI 0.48-1.79]) Conversely, metabolically unhealthy subjects had increased risk, regardless of their body mass index category (OR 3.10 [95 % CI 1.84-5.24] in metabolically unhealthy normal weight; OR 3.21 [95 % CI 1.92-5.37] in metabolically unhealthy overweight; OR 2.73 [95 % CI 1.72-4.33] in metabolically unhealthy obese phenotype). These findings suggest that the new definition for MH has the potential to effectively distinguish individuals at risk for cardiovascular disease from those who are not.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoo-Bin Seo
- Department of Family Medicine, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, 06591 Seoul, the Republic of Korea; Department of Family Medicine, Wonkwang University Sanbon Hospital, 15865 Gunpo, the Republic of Korea
| | - Sung-Goo Kang
- Department of Family Medicine, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, 06591 Seoul, the Republic of Korea.
| | - Sang-Wook Song
- Department of Family Medicine, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, 06591 Seoul, the Republic of Korea.
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Feng W, Teng Y, Zhong Q, Zhang Y, Zhang J, Zhao P, Chen G, Wang C, Liang XJ, Ou C. Biomimetic Grapefruit-Derived Extracellular Vesicles for Safe and Targeted Delivery of Sodium Thiosulfate against Vascular Calcification. ACS NANO 2023; 17:24773-24789. [PMID: 38055864 PMCID: PMC10753875 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.3c05261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2023] [Revised: 11/24/2023] [Accepted: 11/29/2023] [Indexed: 12/08/2023]
Abstract
As the prevalence of vascular calcification (VC), a strong contributor to cardiovascular morbidity and mortality, continues to increase, the need for pharmacologic therapies becomes urgent. Sodium thiosulfate (STS) is a clinically approved drug for therapy against VC; however, its efficacy is hampered by poor bioavailability and severe adverse effects. Plant-derived extracellular vesicles have provided options for VC treatment since they can be used as biomimetic drug carriers with higher biosafety and targeting abilities than artificial carriers. Inspired by natural grapefruit-derived extracellular vesicles (EVs), we fabricated a biomimetic nanocarrier comprising EVs loaded with STS and further modified with hydroxyapatite crystal binding peptide (ESTP) for VC-targeted delivery of STS. In vitro, the ESTP nanodrug exhibited excellent cellular uptake capacity by calcified vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) and subsequently inhibited VSMCs calcification. In the VC mice model, the ESTP nanodrug showed preferentially the highest accumulation in the calcified arteries compared to other treatment groups. Mechanistically, the ESTP nanodrug significantly prevented VC via driving M2 macrophage polarization, reducing inflammation, and suppressing bone-vascular axis as demonstrated by inhibiting osteogenic phenotype trans-differentiation of VSMCs while enhancing bone quality. In addition, the ESTP nanodrug did not induce hemolysis or cause any damage to other organs. These results suggest that the ESTP nanodrug can prove to be a promising agent against VC without the concern of systemic toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weijing Feng
- The
Tenth Affiliated Hospital of Southern Medical University (Dongguan
People’s Hospital), Southern Medical University or The First
School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical
University, Dongguan 523018, China
- Department
of Cardiology, State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, Guangdong
Provincial Key Laboratory of Cardiac Function and Microcirculation,
Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Yintong Teng
- The
Tenth Affiliated Hospital of Southern Medical University (Dongguan
People’s Hospital), Southern Medical University or The First
School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical
University, Dongguan 523018, China
| | - Qingping Zhong
- The
Tenth Affiliated Hospital of Southern Medical University (Dongguan
People’s Hospital), Southern Medical University or The First
School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical
University, Dongguan 523018, China
| | - Yangmei Zhang
- The
Tenth Affiliated Hospital of Southern Medical University (Dongguan
People’s Hospital), Southern Medical University or The First
School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical
University, Dongguan 523018, China
| | - Jianwu Zhang
- Department
of Cardiology, State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, Guangdong
Provincial Key Laboratory of Cardiac Function and Microcirculation,
Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Peng Zhao
- NMPA
Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Drug Metabolism, Guangdong
Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Screening, Guangdong Provincial
Key Laboratory of Cardiac Function and Microcirculation, School of
Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical
University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Guoqing Chen
- Cardiology
Department of Panyu Central Hospital and Cardiovascular Disease Institute
of Panyu District, Guangzhou 511400, China
| | - Chunming Wang
- Institute
of Chinese Medical Sciences & State Key Laboratory of Quality
Research in Chinese Medicine, University
of Macau, Macau 00000, SAR, China
| | - Xing-Jie Liang
- Chinese Academy
of Sciences (CAS) Center for Excellence in Nanoscience and CAS Key
Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Caiwen Ou
- The
Tenth Affiliated Hospital of Southern Medical University (Dongguan
People’s Hospital), Southern Medical University or The First
School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical
University, Dongguan 523018, China
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Zhang YY, Gui J, Chen BX, Wan Q. Correlation of renal function indicators and vascular damage in T2DM patients with normal renal function. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2023; 14:1292397. [PMID: 38164493 PMCID: PMC10758123 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1292397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2023] [Accepted: 11/27/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024] Open
Abstract
Background This study aimed to assess the correlation between renal function-related indices and vascular damages among patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and normal renal function. Methods We screened a cohort of eligible patients with T2DM, ultimately including 826 individuals. Utilizing multifactorial logistic regression, we conducted an in-depth analysis to explore the potential associations between renal function-related indices-specifically BUN, Cr, ALB, ACR, and eGFR-and the incidence of diabetic vascular damage. Additionally, to comprehensively understand the relationships, we employed Spearman correlation analysis to assess the connections between these indicators and the occurrence of vascular damage. Results In this cross-sectional study of 532 patients with carotid atherosclerosis (CA), the prevalence of CA was positively correlated with Cr (53.1%, 72.3%, 68.0%, P<0.05) and negatively correlated with eGFR (71.6%, 68.5%, 53.1%, P<0.05). the higher the Cr, the higher the predominance ratio of CA (T1: reference; T2:OR. 2.166,95%CI:1.454,3.225; T3:OR:1.677, 95%CI:1.075, 2.616; P<0.05), along with an eGFR of 66.9% and 52.0% in terms of sensitivity and specificity, with a 95% CI of 0.562-0.644. Conclusion Within our experimental sample, a noteworthy observation emerged: Creatinine (Cr) exhibited a positive correlation with the prevalence of individuals affected by carotid atherosclerosis (CA), underscoring a potential connection between Cr levels and CA incidence. Conversely, the estimated Glomerular Filtration Rate (eGFR) demonstrated a negative correlation with the occurrence of CA, implying that lower eGFR values might be associated with an increased likelihood of CA development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue-Yang Zhang
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, the Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
- Metabolic Vascular Disease Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Luzhou, China
- Sichuan Clinical Research Center for Diabetes and Metabolism, Luzhou, China
- Sichuan Clinical Research Center for Nephropathy, Luzhou, China
- Cardiovascular and Metabolic Diseases Key Laboratory of Luzhou, Luzhou, China
| | - Jing Gui
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, the Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
- Metabolic Vascular Disease Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Luzhou, China
- Sichuan Clinical Research Center for Diabetes and Metabolism, Luzhou, China
- Sichuan Clinical Research Center for Nephropathy, Luzhou, China
- Cardiovascular and Metabolic Diseases Key Laboratory of Luzhou, Luzhou, China
| | - Bing-Xue Chen
- Department of Medical Imaging, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Qin Wan
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, the Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
- Metabolic Vascular Disease Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Luzhou, China
- Sichuan Clinical Research Center for Diabetes and Metabolism, Luzhou, China
- Sichuan Clinical Research Center for Nephropathy, Luzhou, China
- Cardiovascular and Metabolic Diseases Key Laboratory of Luzhou, Luzhou, China
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40
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Yang C, Xie Z, Liu H, Wang X, Zhang Z, Du L, Xie C. Efficacy and mechanism of Shenqi Compound in inhibiting diabetic vascular calcification. Mol Med 2023; 29:168. [PMID: 38093172 PMCID: PMC10720156 DOI: 10.1186/s10020-023-00767-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2023] [Accepted: 12/08/2023] [Indexed: 12/17/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Shenqi Compound (SQC) has been used in clinic for several decades in the prevention and treatment of diabetes and its complications. But this is merely a heritage of experience. The primary aim of this study is to scientifically validate the therapeutic effects of SQC on diabetic vascular calcification (DVC) in an animal model and, simultaneously, uncover its potential underlying mechanisms. METHOD Spontaneous diabetic rat- Goto Kakizaki (GK) rats were selected for rat modeling. We meticulously designed three distinct groups: a control group, a model group, and an SQC treatment group to rigorously evaluate the influence of SQC. Utilizing a comprehensive approach that encompassed methods such as pathological staining, western blot analysis, qRT-PCR, and RNA sequencing, we thoroughly investigated the therapeutic advantages and the underlying mechanistic pathways associated with SQC in the treatment of DVC. RESULT The findings from this investigation have unveiled the extraordinary efficacy of SQC treatment in significantly mitigating DVC. The underlying mechanisms driving this effect encompass multifaceted facets, including the restoration of aberrant glucose and lipid metabolism, the prevention of phenotypic transformation of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) into osteogenic-like states, the subsequent inhibition of cell apoptosis, the modulation of inflammation responses, the remodeling of the extracellular matrix (ECM), and the activation of the Hippo-YAP signaling pathway. Collectively, these mechanisms lead to the dissolution of deposited calcium salts, ultimately achieving the desired inhibition of DVC. CONCLUSION Our study has provided compelling and robust evidence of the remarkable efficacy of SQC treatment in significantly reducing DVC. This reduction is attributed to a multifaceted interplay of mechanisms, each playing a crucial role in the observed therapeutic effects. Notably, our findings illuminate prospective directions for further research and potential clinical applications in the field of cardiovascular health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chan Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China.
| | - Ziyan Xie
- TCM Regulating Metabolic Diseases Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 610075, Sichuan, China
| | - Hanyu Liu
- TCM Regulating Metabolic Diseases Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 610075, Sichuan, China
| | - Xueru Wang
- TCM Regulating Metabolic Diseases Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 610075, Sichuan, China
| | - Zehua Zhang
- TCM Regulating Metabolic Diseases Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 610075, Sichuan, China
| | - Lian Du
- Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Chunguang Xie
- TCM Regulating Metabolic Diseases Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 610075, Sichuan, China.
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Samidurai A, Olex AL, Ockaili R, Kraskauskas D, Roh SK, Kukreja RC, Das A. Integrated Analysis of lncRNA-miRNA-mRNA Regulatory Network in Rapamycin-Induced Cardioprotection against Ischemia/Reperfusion Injury in Diabetic Rabbits. Cells 2023; 12:2820. [PMID: 38132140 PMCID: PMC10742118 DOI: 10.3390/cells12242820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2023] [Revised: 12/01/2023] [Accepted: 12/06/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023] Open
Abstract
The inhibition of mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) with rapamycin (RAPA) provides protection against myocardial ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury in diabetes. Since interactions between transcripts, including long non-coding RNA (lncRNA), microRNA(miRNA) and mRNA, regulate the pathophysiology of disease, we performed unbiased miRarray profiling in the heart of diabetic rabbits following I/R injury with/without RAPA treatment to identify differentially expressed (DE) miRNAs and their predicted targets of lncRNAs/mRNAs. Results showed that among the total of 806 unique miRNAs targets, 194 miRNAs were DE after I/R in diabetic rabbits. Specifically, eight miRNAs, including miR-199a-5p, miR-154-5p, miR-543-3p, miR-379-3p, miR-379-5p, miR-299-5p, miR-140-3p, and miR-497-5p, were upregulated and 10 miRNAs, including miR-1-3p, miR-1b, miR-29b-3p, miR-29c-3p, miR-30e-3p, miR-133c, miR-196c-3p, miR-322-5p, miR-499-5p, and miR-672-5p, were significantly downregulated after I/R injury. Interestingly, RAPA treatment significantly reversed these changes in miRNAs. Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) enrichment analysis indicated the participation of miRNAs in the regulation of several signaling pathways related to I/R injury, including MAPK signaling and apoptosis. Furthermore, in diabetic hearts, the expression of lncRNAs, HOTAIR, and GAS5 were induced after I/R injury, but RAPA suppressed these lncRNAs. In contrast, MALAT1 was significantly reduced following I/R injury, with the increased expression of miR-199a-5p and suppression of its target, the anti-apoptotic protein Bcl-2. RAPA recovered MALAT1 expression with its sponging effect on miR-199-5p and restoration of Bcl-2 expression. The identification of novel targets from the transcriptome analysis in RAPA-treated diabetic hearts could potentially lead to the development of new therapeutic strategies for diabetic patients with myocardial infarction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arun Samidurai
- Division of Cardiology, Pauley Heart Center, Internal Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23298, USA; (A.S.); (R.O.); (D.K.); (S.K.R.)
| | - Amy L. Olex
- Wright Center for Clinical and Translational Research, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23298, USA;
| | - Ramzi Ockaili
- Division of Cardiology, Pauley Heart Center, Internal Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23298, USA; (A.S.); (R.O.); (D.K.); (S.K.R.)
| | - Donatas Kraskauskas
- Division of Cardiology, Pauley Heart Center, Internal Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23298, USA; (A.S.); (R.O.); (D.K.); (S.K.R.)
| | - Sean K. Roh
- Division of Cardiology, Pauley Heart Center, Internal Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23298, USA; (A.S.); (R.O.); (D.K.); (S.K.R.)
| | - Rakesh C. Kukreja
- Division of Cardiology, Pauley Heart Center, Internal Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23298, USA; (A.S.); (R.O.); (D.K.); (S.K.R.)
| | - Anindita Das
- Division of Cardiology, Pauley Heart Center, Internal Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23298, USA; (A.S.); (R.O.); (D.K.); (S.K.R.)
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Hashmi S, Shah PW, Aherrahrou Z, Aikawa E, Aherrahrou R. Beyond the Basics: Unraveling the Complexity of Coronary Artery Calcification. Cells 2023; 12:2822. [PMID: 38132141 PMCID: PMC10742130 DOI: 10.3390/cells12242822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2023] [Revised: 11/22/2023] [Accepted: 11/28/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Coronary artery calcification (CAC) is mainly associated with coronary atherosclerosis, which is an indicator of coronary artery disease (CAD). CAC refers to the accumulation of calcium phosphate deposits, classified as micro- or macrocalcifications, that lead to the hardening and narrowing of the coronary arteries. CAC is a strong predictor of future cardiovascular events, such as myocardial infarction and sudden death. Our narrative review focuses on the pathophysiology of CAC, exploring its link to plaque vulnerability, genetic factors, and how race and sex can affect the condition. We also examined the connection between the gut microbiome and CAC, and the impact of genetic variants on the cellular processes involved in vascular calcification and atherogenesis. We aimed to thoroughly analyze the existing literature to improve our understanding of CAC and its potential clinical and therapeutic implications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satwat Hashmi
- Department of Biological and Biomedical Sciences, Aga Khan University, Karachi 74800, Pakistan;
| | - Pashmina Wiqar Shah
- Institute for Cardiogenetics, Universität zu Lübeck, 23562 Lübeck, Germany; (P.W.S.); (Z.A.)
- DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Hamburg/Kiel/Lübeck, University Heart Centre Lübeck, 23562 Lübeck, Germany
| | - Zouhair Aherrahrou
- Institute for Cardiogenetics, Universität zu Lübeck, 23562 Lübeck, Germany; (P.W.S.); (Z.A.)
- DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Hamburg/Kiel/Lübeck, University Heart Centre Lübeck, 23562 Lübeck, Germany
| | - Elena Aikawa
- Cardiovascular Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA;
| | - Rédouane Aherrahrou
- Institute for Cardiogenetics, Universität zu Lübeck, 23562 Lübeck, Germany; (P.W.S.); (Z.A.)
- DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Hamburg/Kiel/Lübeck, University Heart Centre Lübeck, 23562 Lübeck, Germany
- A.I. Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, FI-70211 Kuopio, Finland
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Suzuki K, Niida T, Yuki H, Kinoshita D, Fujimoto D, Lee H, McNulty I, Takano M, Nakamura S, Kakuta T, Mizuno K, Jang I. Coronary Plaque Characteristics and Underlying Mechanism of Acute Coronary Syndromes in Different Age Groups of Patients With Diabetes. J Am Heart Assoc 2023; 12:e031474. [PMID: 38014673 PMCID: PMC10727321 DOI: 10.1161/jaha.123.031474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2023] [Accepted: 10/17/2023] [Indexed: 11/29/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND High cardiovascular mortality has been reported in young patients with diabetes. However, the underlying pathology in different age groups of patients with diabetes has not been studied. METHODS AND RESULTS The aim of this study was to investigate the plaque characteristics and underlying pathology of acute coronary syndrome in different age groups of patients with or without diabetes in a large cohort. Patients who presented with acute coronary syndrome and underwent preintervention optical coherence tomography imaging were included. Culprit plaque was classified as plaque rupture, plaque erosion, or calcified plaque and stratified into 5 age groups. Plaque characteristics including features of vulnerability were examined by optical coherence tomography. Among 1394 patients, 482 (34.6%) had diabetes. Patients with diabetes, compared with patients without diabetes, had a higher prevalence of lipid-rich plaque (71.2% versus 64.8%, P=0.016), macrophage (72.0% versus 62.6%, P<0.001), and cholesterol crystal (27.6% versus 19.7%, P<0.001). Both diabetes and nondiabetes groups showed a decreasing trend in plaque erosion with age (patients with diabetes, P=0.020; patients without diabetes, P<0.001). Patients without diabetes showed an increasing trend with age in plaque rupture (P=0.004) and lipid-rich plaque (P=0.018), whereas patients with diabetes had a high prevalence of these vulnerable features at an early age that remained high across age groups. CONCLUSIONS Patients without diabetes showed an increasing trend with age in plaque rupture and lipid-rich plaque, whereas patients with diabetes had a high prevalence of these vulnerable features at an early age. These results suggest that atherosclerotic vascular changes with increased vulnerability start at a younger age in patients with diabetes. REGISTRATION URL: https://www.clinicaltrials.gov; Unique identifiers: NCT04523194, NCT03479723. URL: https://www.umin.ac.jp/ctr/. Unique identifier: UMIN000041692.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keishi Suzuki
- Cardiology DivisionMassachusetts General HospitalHarvard Medical SchoolBostonMA
| | - Takayuki Niida
- Cardiology DivisionMassachusetts General HospitalHarvard Medical SchoolBostonMA
| | - Haruhito Yuki
- Cardiology DivisionMassachusetts General HospitalHarvard Medical SchoolBostonMA
| | - Daisuke Kinoshita
- Cardiology DivisionMassachusetts General HospitalHarvard Medical SchoolBostonMA
| | - Daichi Fujimoto
- Cardiology DivisionMassachusetts General HospitalHarvard Medical SchoolBostonMA
| | - Hang Lee
- Biostatistics CenterMassachusetts General HospitalHarvard Medical SchoolBostonMA
| | - Iris McNulty
- Cardiology DivisionMassachusetts General HospitalHarvard Medical SchoolBostonMA
| | - Masamichi Takano
- Cardiovascular CenterNippon Medical School Chiba Hokusoh HospitalInzai, ChibaJapan
| | - Sunao Nakamura
- Interventional Cardiology UnitNew Tokyo HospitalChibaJapan
| | - Tsunekazu Kakuta
- Department of CardiologyTsuchiura Kyodo General Hospital, TsuchiuraIbarakiJapan
| | | | - Ik‐Kyung Jang
- Cardiology DivisionMassachusetts General HospitalHarvard Medical SchoolBostonMA
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Chang W, Li P. Copper and Diabetes: Current Research and Prospect. Mol Nutr Food Res 2023; 67:e2300468. [PMID: 37863813 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.202300468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2023] [Revised: 08/29/2023] [Indexed: 10/22/2023]
Abstract
Copper is an essential trace metal for normal cellular functions; a lack of copper is reported to impair the function of important copper-binding enzymes, while excess copper could lead to cell death. Numerous studies have shown an association between dietary copper consumption or plasma copper levels and the incidence of diabetes/diabetes complications. And experimental studies have revealed multiple signaling pathways that are triggered by copper shortages or copper overload in diabetic conditions. Moreover, studies show that treated with copper chelators improve vascular function, maintain copper homeostasis, inhibit cuproptosis, and reduce cell toxicity, thereby alleviating diabetic neuropathy, retinopathy, nephropathy, and cardiomyopathy. However, the mechanisms reported in these studies are inconsistent or even contradictory. This review summarizes the precise and tight regulation of copper homeostasis processes, and discusses the latest progress in the association of diabetes and dietary copper/plasma copper. Further, the study pays close attention to the therapeutic potential of copper chelators and copper in diabetes and its complications, and hopes to provide new insight for the treatment of diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenguang Chang
- Institute for Translational Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital, College of medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266021, China
| | - Peifeng Li
- Institute for Translational Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital, College of medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266021, China
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Niu YN, Guo C, Guo XZ, Wei Q, Zhou X, Li M, Xia JN, Chen LP. High-resolution magnetic resonance imaging investigation of the connection between the triglyceride-glucose index and intracranial arterial remodeling: a retrospective cross-sectional study. Quant Imaging Med Surg 2023; 13:8504-8516. [PMID: 38106280 PMCID: PMC10722004 DOI: 10.21037/qims-23-752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2023] [Accepted: 09/25/2023] [Indexed: 12/19/2023]
Abstract
Background Insulin resistance (IR) is associated with atherosclerotic plaque progression and the occurrence of stroke, with the triglyceride-glucose (TyG) index serving as a surrogate indicator. The present study aimed to investigate the association between TyG index levels and intracranial arterial remodeling in patients with acute ischemic stroke (AIS). Methods Patients with AIS who visited the Neurology Department of the Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University and underwent high-resolution magnetic resonance imaging (HR-MRI) between September 2018 and October 2021 were enrolled. A total of 123 patients were finally included in the study, with 81 excluded. The TyG index levels were measured, and the characteristics of intracranial atherosclerotic stenosis (ICAS) plaques were evaluated using HR-MRI. A logistic regression model was employed to analyze the relationship between TyG index levels and remodeling mode. Patients were divided into two groups, positive remodeling (PR) and non-positive remodeling (non-PR), based on the remodeling index (RI). Results Patients in the PR group had a higher TyG index than those in the non-PR group {median [interquartile range (IQR)]: 9.11 (8.82-9.51) vs. 8.72 (8.30-9.23), P<0.001}. After adjusting factors such as age and gender, the TyG index was found to be significantly correlated with intracranial arterial PR [odds ratio (OR): 3.169, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.327-7.569, P=0.009]. In non-diabetes mellitus (DM) patients, the TyG index level in the PR group was significantly higher than that in the non-PR group (8.95±0.42 vs. 8.50±0.45, P<0.001), whereas there was no such difference in patients with DM. Conclusions TyG index was correlated with intracranial vessel PR, indicating that the TyG index level may be a useful marker for predicting intracranial vessel PR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya-Nan Niu
- Department of Neurology, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
- Key Laboratory of Hebei Neurology, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Cong Guo
- Department of Neurology, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
- Key Laboratory of Hebei Neurology, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Xuan-Zhu Guo
- Department of Neurology, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
- Key Laboratory of Hebei Neurology, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Qiao Wei
- Department of Neurology, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
- Key Laboratory of Hebei Neurology, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Xuan Zhou
- Department of Neurology, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
- Key Laboratory of Hebei Neurology, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Meng Li
- Department of Neurology, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
- Key Laboratory of Hebei Neurology, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Jia-Ning Xia
- Department of Neurology, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
- Key Laboratory of Hebei Neurology, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Li-Ping Chen
- Department of Neurology, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
- Key Laboratory of Hebei Neurology, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
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Madonna R. Endothelial heterogeneity and their relevance in cardiac development and coronary artery disease. Vascul Pharmacol 2023; 153:107242. [PMID: 37940065 DOI: 10.1016/j.vph.2023.107242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2023] [Revised: 10/30/2023] [Accepted: 11/04/2023] [Indexed: 11/10/2023]
Abstract
Micro- and macrovascular endothelial cells (ECs) are characterized by structural and functional heterogeneity, which is also reflected in their secretory activity. The root of this heterogeneity and related regulatory mechanisms are still poorly understood. During embryogenesis, microvascular ECs participate in organogenesis prior to the development of the fetal circulation, suggesting that ECs are capable of releasing paracrine trophogens, termed angiocrine factors (AFs). These are angiocrine growth factors, adhesion molecules, and chemokines, which are intended to promote morphogenesis and repair of the adjacent parenchyma/stroma where the vessels are located. There is a tissue and organ-specificity of AFs that traces the heterogeneity of ECs. This AF heterogeneity also traces how ECs respond to pathological conditions or exposure to cardiovascular risk factors. The study of the mechanisms that regulate endothelial and paracrine heterogeneity and that contribute to endotheliopathy represents a broad and as yet understudied area of research. A better understanding of the cellular and molecular mechanisms that regulate this heterogeneity, leading to endotheliopathy is an exciting challenge. In this brief review we will discuss experimental advances in the heterogeneity of ECs and their AF, with a focus on their involvement in the pathogenesis of coronary artery disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosalinda Madonna
- Cardiology Division, Department of Pathology, University of Pisa, Via Paradisa, 56124 Pisa, Italy.
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47
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Li L, Zhong H, Shao Y, Hua Y, Zhou X, Luo D. Association between the homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance and coronary artery calcification: a meta-analysis of observational studies. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2023; 14:1271857. [PMID: 38089605 PMCID: PMC10711676 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1271857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2023] [Accepted: 11/06/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Insulin resistance (IR), a risk factor for cardiovascular diseases, has garnered significant attention in scientific research. Several studies have investigated the correlation between IR and coronary artery calcification (CAC), yielding varying results. In light of this, we conducted a systematic review to investigate the association between IR as evaluated by the homeostasis model assessment (HOMA-IR) and CAC. Methods A comprehensive search was conducted to identify relevant studies in PubMed, Embase, Scopus, and Web of Science databases. In addition, preprint servers such as Research Square, BioRxiv, and MedRxiv were manually searched. The collected data were analyzed using either fixed or random effects models, depending on the heterogeneity observed among the studies. The assessment of the body of evidence was performed using the GRADE approach to determine its quality. Results The current research incorporated 15 studies with 60,649 subjects. The analysis revealed that a higher category of HOMA-IR was associated with a greater prevalence of CAC in comparison to the lowest HOMA-IR category, with an OR of 1.13 (95% CI: 1.06-1.20, I2 = 29%, P < 0.001). A similar result was reached when HOMA-IR was analyzed as a continuous variable (OR: 1.27, 95% CI: 1.14-1.41, I2 = 54%, P < 0.001). In terms of CAC progression, a pooled analysis of two cohort studies disclosed a significant association between increased HOMA-IR levels and CAC progression, with an OR of 1.44 (95% CI: 1.04-2.01, I2 = 21%, P < 0.05). It is important to note that the strength of the evidence was rated as low for the prevalence of CAC and very low for the progression of CAC. Conclusion There is evidence to suggest that a relatively high HOMA-IR may be linked with an increased prevalence and progression of CAC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Longti Li
- Department of Nursing, TaiHe Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, China
| | - Huiqin Zhong
- Innovation Centre of Nursing Research, TaiHe Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, China
| | - Ya Shao
- Health Management Center, TaiHe Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, China
| | - Yu Hua
- Health Management Center, TaiHe Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, China
| | - Xu Zhou
- Health Management Center, TaiHe Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, China
| | - Desheng Luo
- Department of Nursing, TaiHe Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, China
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Hussein AA, Ahmed NA, Sakr HI, Atia T, Ahmed OM. Omentin roles in physiology and pathophysiology: an up-to-date comprehensive review. Arch Physiol Biochem 2023:1-14. [PMID: 37994431 DOI: 10.1080/13813455.2023.2283685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2023] [Accepted: 11/07/2023] [Indexed: 11/24/2023]
Abstract
Omentin (intelectin) was first detected in the visceral omental adipose tissue. It has mainly two isoforms, omentin-1 and -2, with isoform-1 being the main form in human blood. It possesses insulin-sensitizing, anti-inflammatory, anti-atherogenic, cardio-protective, and oxidative stress-decreasing effects. Omentin's cardiovascular protective actions are caused by the improved endothelial cell survival and function, increased endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) and nitric oxide (NO) bioavailability, enhanced vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) relaxation with reduced proliferation, decreased inflammation, and suppressed oxidative stress. Omentin may also have a potential role in different cancer types and rheumatic diseases. Thus, omentin is an excellent therapeutic target in many diseases, including diabetes mellitus (DM), metabolic syndrome (MetS), cardiovascular diseases (CVDs), inflammatory diseases, and cancer. This review demonstrates the physiological functions of omentin in ameliorating insulin resistance (IR), vascular function, and inflammation and its possible share in managing obesity-linked diseases, such as metabolic disorders, DM, and cardiovascular conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aida A Hussein
- Zoology Department, Physiology Division, Faculty of Science, Suez University, Suez, Egypt
| | - Noha A Ahmed
- Department of Zoology, Physiology Division, Faculty of Science, Beni-Suef University, Beni Suef, Egypt
| | - Hader I Sakr
- Department of Medical Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
- Department of Medical Physiology, General Medicine Practice Program, Batterjee Medical College, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Tarek Atia
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Prince Sattam bin Abdulaziz University, Al-Kharj, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Histology, Faculty of Medicine, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Osama M Ahmed
- Department of Zoology, Physiology Division, Faculty of Science, Beni-Suef University, Beni Suef, Egypt
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Huang Q, Tian H, Tian L, Zhao X, Li L, Zhang Y, Qiu Z, Lei S, Xia Z. Inhibiting Rev-erbα-mediated ferroptosis alleviates susceptibility to myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury in type 2 diabetes. Free Radic Biol Med 2023; 209:135-150. [PMID: 37805047 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2023.09.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2023] [Revised: 09/23/2023] [Accepted: 09/26/2023] [Indexed: 10/09/2023]
Abstract
The complex progression of type-2 diabetes (T2DM) may result in increased susceptibility to myocardial ischemia-reperfusion (IR) injury. IR injuries in multiple organs involves ferroptosis. Recently, the clock gene Rev-erbα has aroused considerable interest as a novel therapeutic target for metabolic and ischemic heart diseases. Herein, we investigated the roles of Rev-erbα and ferroptosis in myocardial IR injury during T2DM and its potential mechanisms. A T2DM model, myocardial IR and a tissue-specific Rev-erbα-/- mouse in vivo were established, and a high-fat high glucose environment with hypoxia-reoxygenation (HFHG/HR) in H9c2 were also performed. After myocardial IR, glycolipid profiles, creatine kinase-MB, AI, and the expression of Rev-erbα and ferroptosis-related proteins were increased in diabetic rats with impaired cardiac function compared to non-diabetic rats, regardless of the time at which IR was induced. The ferroptosis inhibitor ferrostatin-1 decreased AI in diabetic rats given IR and LPO levels in cells treated with HFHG/HR, as well as the expression of Rev-erbα and ACSL4. The ferroptosis inducer erastin increased AI and LPO levels and ACSL4 expression. Treatment with the circadian regulator nobiletin and genetically targeting Rev-erbα via siRNA or CRISPR/Cas9 technology both protected against severe myocardial injury and decreased Rev-erbα and ACSL4 expression, compared to the respective controls. Taken together, these data suggest that ferroptosis is involved in the susceptibility to myocardial IR injury during T2DM, and that targeting Rev-erbα could alleviate myocardial IR injury by inhibiting ferroptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qin Huang
- Department of Anaesthesiology, Wuhan Univ, Renmin Hospital, Wuhan 430060, Hubei, PR China
| | - Hao Tian
- Department of Anaesthesiology, Wuhan Univ, Renmin Hospital, Wuhan 430060, Hubei, PR China
| | - Liqun Tian
- Department of Anaesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, PR China
| | - Xiaoshuai Zhao
- Department of Anaesthesiology, Wuhan Univ, Renmin Hospital, Wuhan 430060, Hubei, PR China
| | - Lu Li
- Department of Anaesthesiology, Wuhan Univ, Renmin Hospital, Wuhan 430060, Hubei, PR China
| | - Yuxi Zhang
- Department of Anaesthesiology, Wuhan Univ, Renmin Hospital, Wuhan 430060, Hubei, PR China
| | - Zhen Qiu
- Department of Anaesthesiology, Wuhan Univ, Renmin Hospital, Wuhan 430060, Hubei, PR China
| | - Shaoqing Lei
- Department of Anaesthesiology, Wuhan Univ, Renmin Hospital, Wuhan 430060, Hubei, PR China
| | - Zhongyuan Xia
- Department of Anaesthesiology, Wuhan Univ, Renmin Hospital, Wuhan 430060, Hubei, PR China.
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50
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Stampouloglou PK, Anastasiou A, Bletsa E, Lygkoni S, Chouzouri F, Xenou M, Katsarou O, Theofilis P, Zisimos K, Tousoulis D, Vavuranakis M, Siasos G, Oikonomou E. Diabetes Mellitus in Acute Coronary Syndrome. Life (Basel) 2023; 13:2226. [PMID: 38004366 PMCID: PMC10671950 DOI: 10.3390/life13112226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2023] [Revised: 11/15/2023] [Accepted: 11/16/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
The global prevalence of diabetes mellitus (DM) has led to a pandemic, with significant microvascular and macrovascular complications including coronary artery disease (CAD), which worsen clinical outcomes and cardiovascular prognosis. Patients with both acute coronary syndrome (ACS) and DM have worse prognosis and several pathophysiologic mechanisms have been implicated including, insulin resistance, hyperglycemia, endothelial dysfunction, platelet activation and aggregations as well as plaque characteristics and extent of coronary lesions. Therefore, regarding reperfusion strategies in the more complex anatomies coronary artery bypass surgery may be the preferred therapeutic strategy over percutaneous coronary intervention while both hyperglycemia and hypoglycemia should be avoided with closed monitoring of glycemic status during the acute phase of myocardial infraction. However, the best treatment strategy remains undefined. Non-insulin therapies, due to the low risk of hypoglycemia concurrently with the multifactorial CV protective effects, may be proved to be the best treatment option in the future. Nevertheless, evidence for the beneficial effects of glucagon like peptide-1 receptor agonists, dipeptidyl-peptidase 4 inhibitors and sodium glycose cotransporter 2 inhibitors, despite accumulating, is not robust and future randomized control trials may provide more definitive data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Panagiota K. Stampouloglou
- 3rd Department of Cardiology, Thoracic Diseases General Hospital “Sotiria”, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece; (P.K.S.); (A.A.); (E.B.); (S.L.); (F.C.); (M.X.); (K.Z.); (M.V.); (G.S.)
| | - Artemis Anastasiou
- 3rd Department of Cardiology, Thoracic Diseases General Hospital “Sotiria”, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece; (P.K.S.); (A.A.); (E.B.); (S.L.); (F.C.); (M.X.); (K.Z.); (M.V.); (G.S.)
| | - Evanthia Bletsa
- 3rd Department of Cardiology, Thoracic Diseases General Hospital “Sotiria”, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece; (P.K.S.); (A.A.); (E.B.); (S.L.); (F.C.); (M.X.); (K.Z.); (M.V.); (G.S.)
| | - Stavroula Lygkoni
- 3rd Department of Cardiology, Thoracic Diseases General Hospital “Sotiria”, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece; (P.K.S.); (A.A.); (E.B.); (S.L.); (F.C.); (M.X.); (K.Z.); (M.V.); (G.S.)
| | - Flora Chouzouri
- 3rd Department of Cardiology, Thoracic Diseases General Hospital “Sotiria”, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece; (P.K.S.); (A.A.); (E.B.); (S.L.); (F.C.); (M.X.); (K.Z.); (M.V.); (G.S.)
| | - Maria Xenou
- 3rd Department of Cardiology, Thoracic Diseases General Hospital “Sotiria”, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece; (P.K.S.); (A.A.); (E.B.); (S.L.); (F.C.); (M.X.); (K.Z.); (M.V.); (G.S.)
| | - Ourania Katsarou
- 3rd Department of Cardiology, Thoracic Diseases General Hospital “Sotiria”, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece; (P.K.S.); (A.A.); (E.B.); (S.L.); (F.C.); (M.X.); (K.Z.); (M.V.); (G.S.)
| | - Panagiotis Theofilis
- 1st Department of Cardiology, “Hippokration” General Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece; (P.T.); (D.T.)
| | - Konstantinos Zisimos
- 3rd Department of Cardiology, Thoracic Diseases General Hospital “Sotiria”, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece; (P.K.S.); (A.A.); (E.B.); (S.L.); (F.C.); (M.X.); (K.Z.); (M.V.); (G.S.)
| | - Dimitris Tousoulis
- 1st Department of Cardiology, “Hippokration” General Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece; (P.T.); (D.T.)
| | - Manolis Vavuranakis
- 3rd Department of Cardiology, Thoracic Diseases General Hospital “Sotiria”, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece; (P.K.S.); (A.A.); (E.B.); (S.L.); (F.C.); (M.X.); (K.Z.); (M.V.); (G.S.)
| | - Gerasimos Siasos
- 3rd Department of Cardiology, Thoracic Diseases General Hospital “Sotiria”, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece; (P.K.S.); (A.A.); (E.B.); (S.L.); (F.C.); (M.X.); (K.Z.); (M.V.); (G.S.)
| | - Evangelos Oikonomou
- 3rd Department of Cardiology, Thoracic Diseases General Hospital “Sotiria”, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece; (P.K.S.); (A.A.); (E.B.); (S.L.); (F.C.); (M.X.); (K.Z.); (M.V.); (G.S.)
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